101
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Ban RH, Kamvissi V, Schulte KM, Bornstein SR, Rubino F, Graessler J. Lipidomic profiling at the interface of metabolic surgery and cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 16:455. [PMID: 25236775 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has helped patients attain not only significant and sustained weight loss but has also proved to be an effective means of mitigating or reversing various obesity-related comorbidities. The impressive rates of remission or resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) following bariatric surgery are well documented and have rightly received great attention. Less understood are the effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its underlying risk factors. Thanks to the availability of increasingly sensitive laboratory tools, the emerging science of lipidomics and metagenomics is poised to offer significant contributions to our understanding of metabolically induced vascular diseases. They are set to identify novel mechanisms explaining how the varied approaches of bariatric surgery produce the remarkable improvements in multiple organs observed during patient follow-up. This article reviews recent and novel findings in patients through the lens of lipidomics with an emphasis on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Ban
- Department and Outpatient Department of Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany,
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102
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Reschen ME, Gaulton KJ, Lin D, Soilleux EJ, Morris AJ, Smyth SS, O'Callaghan CA. Lipid-induced epigenomic changes in human macrophages identify a coronary artery disease-associated variant that regulates PPAP2B Expression through Altered C/EBP-beta binding. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005061. [PMID: 25835000 PMCID: PMC4383549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 40 loci that affect risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the causal mechanisms at the majority of loci are unknown. Recent studies have suggested that many causal GWAS variants influence disease through altered transcriptional regulation in disease-relevant cell types. We explored changes in transcriptional regulation during a key pathophysiological event in CAD, the environmental lipid-induced transformation of macrophages to lipid-laden foam cells. We used a combination of open chromatin mapping with formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE-seq) and enhancer and transcription factor mapping using chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP-seq) in primary human macrophages before and after exposure to atherogenic oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), with resultant foam cell formation. OxLDL-induced foam cell formation was associated with changes in a subset of open chromatin and active enhancer sites that strongly correlated with expression changes of nearby genes. OxLDL-regulated enhancers were enriched for several transcription factors including C/EBP-beta, which has no previously documented role in foam cell formation. OxLDL exposure up-regulated C/EBP-beta expression and increased genomic binding events, most prominently around genes involved in inflammatory response pathways. Variants at CAD-associated loci were significantly and specifically enriched in the subset of chromatin sites altered by oxLDL exposure, including rs72664324 in an oxLDL-induced enhancer at the PPAP2B locus. OxLDL increased C/EBP beta binding to this site and C/EBP beta binding and enhancer activity were stronger with the protective A allele of rs72664324. In addition, expression of the PPAP2B protein product LPP3 was present in foam cells in human atherosclerotic plaques and oxLDL exposure up-regulated LPP3 in macrophages resulting in increased degradation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Our results demonstrate a genetic mechanism contributing to CAD risk at the PPAP2B locus and highlight the value of studying epigenetic changes in disease processes involving pathogenic environmental stimuli. Coronary artery disease is a complex disease where over 40 genomic loci contributing to genetic risk have been identified. However, identifying the precise variants, genomic elements and genes that mediate this risk at each locus has proved challenging. We hypothesized that some genetic risk variants may influence a key step in development of coronary artery disease, which occurs when macrophages encounter environmentally-derived lipid. These cells take up lipid and accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of blood vessels where they contribute to the inflammatory atherosclerotic disease process. Therefore, we studied the effects of this lipid exposure on the genomic activity of these cells. Environmental lipid exposure triggered changes in transcriptional regulation and gene expression. Variants at coronary artery disease risk loci were enriched for genomic regions altered by lipid exposure. We studied one such risk variant rs72664324 in detail and found that it altered binding of the C/EBP-beta transcription factor and altered expression of the PPAP2B gene. PPAP2B encodes an enzyme that degrades pro-inflammatory substances. Our study demonstrates a hitherto unknown genetic mechanism underlying atherosclerotic heart disease and demonstrates the value of studying changes in transcriptional regulation in key disease processes involving environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Reschen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Da Lin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Soilleux
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford and Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Susan S. Smyth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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103
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Padro T, Vilahur G, Sánchez-Hernández J, Hernández M, Antonijoan RM, Perez A, Badimon L. Lipidomic changes of LDL in overweight and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects taking phytosterol- and omega-3-supplemented milk. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1043-56. [PMID: 25773888 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p052217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of dietary phytosterols (PhySs) and long-chain n-3 PUFA (ω3) have been linked to their effects as cholesterol- and triglyceride (TGL)-lowering agents. However, it remains unknown whether these compounds have further metabolic effects on LDL lipid composition. Here, we studied the effects of PhyS- or ω3-supplemented low-fat milk (milk) on the LDL-lipidome. Overweight and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects (n = 32) were enrolled in a two-arm longitudinal crossover study. Milk (250 ml/day), enriched with either 1.57 g PhyS or 375 mg ω3 (EPA + DHA), was given to the participants during two sequential 28 day intervention periods. Compared with baseline, PhyS-milk induced a higher reduction in the LDL cholesterol (LDLc) level than ω3-milk. LDL resistance to oxidation was significantly increased after intervention with PhyS-milk. Changes in TGL and VLDL cholesterol were only evident after ω3-milk intake. Lipidomic analysis revealed a differential effect of the PhyS- and ω3-milk interventions on the LDL lipid metabolite pattern. Content in LDL-glycerophospholipids was reduced after PhyS-milk intake, with major changes in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine subclasses, whereas ω3-milk induced significant changes in the long-chain polyunsaturated cholesteryl esters and in the ratio PC36:5/lysoPC16:0, associated to a reduced inflammatory activity. In conclusion, daily intake of milk products containing PhyS or ω3 supplements induce changes in the LDL-lipidome that indicate reduced inflammatory and atherogenic effects, beyond their LDLc- and TGL-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Hernández
- CAPSA FOOD Nutrition Department, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Antonijoan
- Medicament Research Center (CIM), Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Perez
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain Cardiovascular Research Chair, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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104
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Advances in sample preparation and analytical techniques for lipidomics study of clinical samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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105
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Srimany A, Jayashree B, Krishnakumar S, Elchuri S, Pradeep T. Identification of effective substrates for the direct analysis of lipids from cell lines using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:349-356. [PMID: 26406347 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Various disease conditions, particularly tumours, can be understood easily by studying changes in the lipid profile of cells. While lipid profiles of tissues have been recorded by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (DESI-MS) imaging, there is paucity in standardized protocols for sample preparation involving cell cultures to generate reliable results. In this study, we report a method for the direct analysis of lipids from cultured cells by incorporating them onto Whatman 42 filter paper as a substrate for reliable DESI-MS analysis. METHODS The WERI-RB1 cell line was spotted on commonly used substrates for DESI-MS analysis, such as glass slides, Teflon coated glass slides, thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates, and Whatman 42 filter paper. A comparison of mass spectrometric images with two different lipids was made to understand the behaviour of different surfaces when the same sample was spotted on them. Relative intensities of different lipid peaks in the WERI-RB1 cell line were compared and relative lipid abundances were also compared across two different human retinoblastoma cell lines; WERI-RB1 and Y79. RESULTS The study demonstrates that good lipid signals can be obtained by DESI-MS when the cells are spotted on Whatman 42 filter paper. Tandem mass spectrometry was performed to identify the lipids as glycerophosphocholines (PC). Better lipid images from assembly of cells were obtained with distinct boundary when they were spotted on Whatman 42 filter paper than other surfaces. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the use of a simple substrate for reliable DESI-MS analysis of cultured cells. This method has the potential to understand various interactions of cells with other external agents. The current method would help in the application of DESI-MS for biology in general and medical sciences in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Srimany
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Balasubramanyam Jayashree
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - Sailaja Elchuri
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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106
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Vorkas PA, Shalhoub J, Isaac G, Want EJ, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Davies AH. Metabolic Phenotyping of Atherosclerotic Plaques Reveals Latent Associations between Free Cholesterol and Ceramide Metabolism in Atherogenesis. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1389-99. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5009898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A. Vorkas
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Academic
Section of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery
and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgis Isaac
- Pharmaceutical
Discovery and Life Sciences, Waters Corporations, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Want
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alun H. Davies
- Academic
Section of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery
and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom
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107
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Reis A, Rudnitskaya A, Chariyavilaskul P, Dhaun N, Melville V, Goddard J, Webb DJ, Pitt AR, Spickett CM. Top-down lipidomics of low density lipoprotein reveal altered lipid profiles in advanced chronic kidney disease. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:413-22. [PMID: 25424003 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the molecular lipidomic profile of LDL in patients with nondiabetic advanced renal disease and no evidence of CVD to that of age-matched controls, with the hypothesis that it would reveal proatherogenic lipid alterations. LDL was isolated from 10 normocholesterolemic patients with stage 4/5 renal disease and 10 controls, and lipids were analyzed by accurate mass LC/MS. Top-down lipidomics analysis and manual examination of the data identified 352 lipid species, and automated comparative analysis demonstrated alterations in lipid profile in disease. The total lipid and cholesterol content was unchanged, but levels of triacylglycerides and N-acyltaurines were significantly increased, while phosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl ethanolamines, sulfatides, ceramides, and cholesterol sulfate were significantly decreased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Chemometric analysis of individual lipid species showed very good discrimination of control and disease sample despite the small cohorts and identified individual unsaturated phospholipids and triglycerides mainly responsible for the discrimination. These findings illustrate the point that although the clinical biochemistry parameters may not appear abnormal, there may be important underlying lipidomic changes that contribute to disease pathology. The lipidomic profile of CKD LDL offers potential for new biomarkers and novel insights into lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alisa Rudnitskaya
- Centro de Estudios do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pajaree Chariyavilaskul
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vanessa Melville
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane Goddard
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Webb
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew R Pitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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108
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Kruizinga P, van der Steen AFW, de Jong N, Springeling G, Robertus JL, van der Lugt A, van Soest G. Photoacoustic imaging of carotid artery atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:110504. [PMID: 25411898 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.11.110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a method for photoacoustic imaging of the carotid artery, tailored toward detection of lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions. A common human carotid artery was obtained at autopsy, embedded in a neck mimicking phantom and imaged with a multimodality imaging system using interstitial illumination. Light was delivered through a 1.25-mm-diameter optical probe that can be placed in the pharynx, allowing the carotid artery to be illuminated from within the body. Ultrasound imaging and photoacoustic signal detection is achieved by an external 8-MHz linear array coupled to an ultrasound imaging system. Spectroscopic analysis of photoacoustic images obtained in the wavelength range from 1130 to 1250 nm revealed plaque-specific lipid accumulation in the collagen structure of the artery wall. These spectroscopic findings were confirmed by histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Kruizinga
- Erasmus Medical Center, Thorax Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius F W van der Steen
- Erasmus Medical Center, Thorax Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsbDelft University of Technology, Faculty Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 5, 2600 AA, Delft, The NetherlandscInteruniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, P.O. Bo
| | - Nico de Jong
- Erasmus Medical Center, Thorax Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsbDelft University of Technology, Faculty Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 5, 2600 AA, Delft, The NetherlandscInteruniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, P.O. Bo
| | - Geert Springeling
- Erasmus Medical Center, Thorax Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lukas Robertus
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Pathology, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Radiology, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Soest
- Erasmus Medical Center, Thorax Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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109
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Lipidomics: Potential role in risk prediction and therapeutic monitoring for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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110
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Stegemann C, Pechlaner R, Willeit P, Langley SR, Mangino M, Mayr U, Menni C, Moayyeri A, Santer P, Rungger G, Spector TD, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Mayr M. Lipidomics Profiling and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Prospective Population-Based Bruneck Study. Circulation 2014; 129:1821-31. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The bulk of cardiovascular disease risk is not explained by traditional risk factors. Recent advances in mass spectrometry allow the identification and quantification of hundreds of lipid species. Molecular lipid profiling by mass spectrometry may improve cardiovascular risk prediction.
Methods and Results—
Lipids were extracted from 685 plasma samples of the prospective population-based Bruneck Study (baseline evaluation in 2000). One hundred thirty-five lipid species from 8 different lipid classes were profiled by shotgun lipidomics with the use of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Levels of individual species of cholesterol esters (CEs), lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), sphingomyelins, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were associated with cardiovascular disease over a 10-year observation period (2000–2010, 90 incident events). Among the lipid species with the strongest predictive value were TAGs and CEs with a low carbon number and double-bond content, including TAG(54:2) and CE(16:1), as well as PE(36:5) (
P
=5.1×10
−7
, 2.2×10
−4
, and 2.5×10
−3
, respectively). Consideration of these 3 lipid species on top of traditional risk factors resulted in improved risk discrimination and classification for cardiovascular disease (cross-validated ΔC index, 0.0210 [95% confidence interval, 0.0010-0.0422]; integrated discrimination improvement, 0.0212 [95% confidence interval, 0.0031-0.0406]; and continuous net reclassification index, 0.398 [95% confidence interval, 0.175-0.619]). A similar shift in the plasma fatty acid composition was associated with cardiovascular disease in the UK Twin Registry (n=1453, 45 cases).
Conclusions—
This study applied mass spectrometry-based lipidomics profiling to population-based cohorts and identified molecular lipid signatures for cardiovascular disease. Molecular lipid species constitute promising new biomarkers that outperform the conventional biochemical measurements of lipid classes currently used in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Stegemann
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Peter Willeit
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Sarah R. Langley
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Massimo Mangino
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Ursula Mayr
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Cristina Menni
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Alireza Moayyeri
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Peter Santer
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Gregor Rungger
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Tim D. Spector
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Johann Willeit
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (C.S., S.R.L., U.M., M. Mayr) and Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology (M. Mangino, C.M., A.M., T.D.R.), King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., P.W., J.W., S.K.); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.W.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (P.S., G.R.)
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111
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Suna G, Mayr M. Tracing the proteomic fingerprint of the diabetic aorta? CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2014; 7:100-1. [PMID: 24736850 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Suna
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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112
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Bowden JA, Bangma JT, Kucklick JR. Development of an automated multi-injection shotgun lipidomics approach using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Lipids 2014; 49:609-19. [PMID: 24728931 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Shotgun lipidomics is a well-suited approach to monitor lipid alterations due to its ability to scan for varying lipid types on a global, class and individual species level. However, the ability to perform high-throughput shotgun lipidomics has remained challenging due to time-consuming data processing and hardware limitations. To increase the throughput nature of shotgun lipidomics, an automated shotgun lipidomics approach is described utilizing conventional low flow gradient liquid chromatography (LC) analysis (post-injection) coupled with multiple sample injections per sample (on a lipid scan per injection basis). The proposed automated multi-injection approach resulted in a reproducible lipid scanning period of 2.5 min (in a 4.5 min total data acquisition period), thereby providing a sufficient scanning period for performing either mass spectrometric or tandem mass spectrometric analyses. In addition to being simple, robust and reproducible, this approach was also constructed to be cost-effective by using common LC instrumentation and customizable as the data acquisition period can be tailored to perform different scan types, period lengths and scan numbers. Combined with a strategy to create multiple lipid-specific aliquots per sample, the overall approach provides a simple and efficient platform to perform high-throughput lipid profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bowden
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA,
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113
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Jansen K, Wu M, van der Steen AF, van Soest G. Photoacoustic imaging of human coronary atherosclerosis in two spectral bands. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2014; 2:12-20. [PMID: 25302152 PMCID: PMC4182816 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic intravascular photoacoustic imaging (sIVPA) has shown promise to detect and distinguish lipids in atherosclerotic plaques. sIVPA generally utilizes one of the two high absorption bands in the lipid absorption spectrum at 1.2 μm and 1.7 μm. Specific absorption signatures of various lipid compounds within the bands in either wavelength range can potentially be used to differentiate between plaque lipids and peri-adventitial lipids. With the aim to quantify any differences between the two bands, we performed combined sIVPA imaging in both absorption bands on a vessel phantom and an atherosclerotic human coronary artery ex vivo. Lipid detection in a human atherosclerotic lesion with sIVPA required lower pulse energy at 1.7 μm than at 1.2 μm (0.4 mJ versus 1.2 mJ). The imaging depth was twice as large at 1.2 μm compared to 1.7 μm. Adequate differentiation between plaque and peri-adventitial lipids was achieved at 1.2 μm only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands – Netherlands Heart Institute, P.O. Box 19258, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius F.W. van der Steen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands – Netherlands Heart Institute, P.O. Box 19258, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Soest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 10 70 44638; fax: +31 10 70 44720.
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114
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Vihervaara T, Suoniemi M, Laaksonen R. Lipidomics in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:164-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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115
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Zhao YY, Cheng XL, Lin RC. Lipidomics applications for discovering biomarkers of diseases in clinical chemistry. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 313:1-26. [PMID: 25376488 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800177-6.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are the fundamental components of biological membranes as well as the metabolites of organisms. Lipids play diverse and important roles in biologicals. The lipid imbalance is closely associated with numerous human lifestyle-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Lipidomics or lipid profiling is a system-based study of all lipids aiming at comprehensive analysis of lipids in the biological system. Lipidomics has been accepted as a lipid-related research tool in lipid biochemistry, clinical biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, and in understanding disease pathology. Lipidomics will not only provide insights into the specific functions of lipid species in health and disease, but will also identify potential biomarkers for establishing preventive or therapeutic programs for human diseases. This review presents an overview of lipidomics followed by in-depth discussion of its application to the study of human diseases, including extraction methods of lipids, analytical technologies, data analysis, and clinical research in cancer, neuropsychiatric disease, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and respiratory disease. We describe the current status of the identification of metabolic biomarkers in different diseases. We also discuss the lipidomics for the future perspectives and their potential problems. The application of lipidomics in clinical studies may provide new insights into lipid profiling and pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xian-long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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116
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Tarasov K, Ekroos K, Suoniemi M, Kauhanen D, Sylvänne T, Hurme R, Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK, Kleber ME, Laaksonen R, März W. Molecular lipids identify cardiovascular risk and are efficiently lowered by simvastatin and PCSK9 deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E45-52. [PMID: 24243630 PMCID: PMC3928964 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Traditional risk markers explain only a proportion of total cardiovascular risk. Thus, development and improvement of early diagnostic strategies and targeted initiation of preventive measures would be of great benefit. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify molecular lipids that are associated with fatal outcome of CAD patients. Furthermore, the effect of different lipid-lowering drugs on novel risk lipids was evaluated. METHODS Serum samples of 445 CAD subjects participating in a long-term follow-up of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study were analyzed. In addition, samples obtained from a separate randomized parallel three-group study of subjects treated with simvastatin (n=24), ezetimibe (n=24), or their combination (n=24) were studied. Furthermore, samples from the LURIC participants with a loss-of-function mutation (R46L) in the PCSK9 gene (n=19) were analyzed and compared with major allele carriers (n=868). RESULTS Distinct ceramide species were significantly associated with the fatal outcome of CAD patients. Simvastatin lowered plasma ceramides broadly by about 25%, but no changes in ceramides were observed in the ezetimibe group. PCSK9 deficiency was significantly associated (-13%) with lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol accompanied by a significant 20% reduction in CAD outcome risk-related ceramides. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that distinct ceramides associate significantly with CAD outcome independently of traditional risk factors and that the mechanism of lipid lowering is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Tarasov
- Zora Biosciences (K.T., K.E., M.S., D.K., T.S., R.H., R.L.), Biologinkuja 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland; University Hospital (R.L.), FI-33521 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (K.T., R.L.), University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (I.G.-B.), University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; Evangelical Geriatrics Center Berlin (H.K.B.), Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13347, Berlin, Germany; Medical Clinic V, (M.E.K., W.M.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69115 Heidelberg; Synlab Academy (W.M.), Synlab Services GmbH, D-68165 Mannheim, Germany; and Clinical Institute of Medical and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (W.M.), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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117
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Zhang Q, Wakelam MJO. Lipidomics in the analysis of malignancy. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 54:93-98. [PMID: 24332194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipidomic methodologies have developed such that determination in lipid species content of cells and tissues is increasingly achievable. Adoption of these methods is highlighting the physiological importance of individual lipid molecular species rather than changes in an overall lipid class. In this article the use of such methodologies is considered and the potential for understanding the importance of lipid changes in malignancy assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom.
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118
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Li M, Yang L, Bai Y, Liu H. Analytical Methods in Lipidomics and Their Applications. Anal Chem 2013; 86:161-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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119
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Shalhoub J, Sikkel MB, Davies KJ, Vorkas PA, Want EJ, Davies AH. Systems Biology of Human Atherosclerosis. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2013; 48:5-17. [DOI: 10.1177/1538574413510628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology describes a holistic and integrative approach to understand physiology and pathology. The “omic” disciplines include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolic profiling (metabonomics and metabolomics). By adopting a stance, which is opposing (yet complimentary) to conventional research techniques, systems biology offers an overview by assessing the “net” biological effect imposed by a disease or nondisease state. There are a number of different organizational levels to be understood, from DNA to protein, metabolites, cells, organs and organisms, even beyond this to an organism’s context. Systems biology relies on the existence of “nodes” and “edges.” Nodes are the constituent part of the system being studied (eg, proteins in the proteome), while the edges are the way these constituents interact. In future, it will be increasingly important to collaborate, collating data from multiple studies to improve data sets, making them freely available and undertaking integrative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Shalhoub
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus B. Sikkel
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry J. Davies
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis A. Vorkas
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Want
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun H. Davies
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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120
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Jansen K, Wu M, van der Steen AFW, van Soest G. Lipid detection in atherosclerotic human coronaries by spectroscopic intravascular photoacoustic imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:21472-84. [PMID: 24104022 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.021472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of lipids in atherosclerotic coronary lesions is an important determinant of their potential to trigger acute coronary events. Spectroscopic intravascular photoacoustic imaging (sIVPA) has the potential to automatically detect lipids in atherosclerotic lesions. For real-time in vivo imaging, limiting the number of excitation wavelengths is crucial. We explored methods for plaque lipid detection using sIVPA, with the aim to minimize the number of laser pulses per image line. A combined intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and photoacoustic imaging system was used to image a vessel phantom and human coronary arteries ex vivo. We acquired co-registered cross-sectional images at several wavelengths near 1200 nm, a lipid-specific absorption band. Correlating the photoacoustic spectra at 6 or 3 wavelengths from 1185 to 1235 nm with the absorption spectrum of cholesterol and peri-adventitial tissue, we could detect and differentiate the lipids in the atherosclerotic plaque and peri-adventitial lipids, respectively. With two wavelengths, both plaque and peri-adventitial lipids were detected but could not be distinguished.
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121
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Chung YL, Mayr M. La proteómica y la metabolómica: los mecanismos de la enfermedad cardiovascular y el descubrimiento de biomarcadores. Rev Esp Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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122
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Chung YL, Mayr M. Proteomics and metabolomics for mechanistic insights and biomarker discovery in cardiovascular disease. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2013; 66:657-61. [PMID: 24776335 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, proteomics and metabolomics have contributed substantially to our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. The unbiased assessment of pathophysiological processes without a priori assumptions complements other molecular biology techniques that are currently used in a reductionist approach. In this review, we highlight some of the "omics" methods used to assess protein and metabolite changes in cardiovascular disease. A discrete biological function is very rarely attributed to a single molecule; more often it is the combined input of many proteins. In contrast to the reductionist approach, in which molecules are studied individually, "omics" platforms allow the study of more complex interactions in biological systems. Combining proteomics and metabolomics to quantify changes in metabolites and their corresponding enzymes will advance our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and aid the identification of novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College of London, London, United Kingdom.
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123
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Improving serum levels of HDL and its subfractions, as well as, oxidative/inflammatory properties has become a fundamental aim in today's atherosclerosis research. Efforts to reach this goal are paralleled by achievements in drug development toward decreasing serum LDL levels and oxidative status. RECENT FINDINGS Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme that is deemed responsible for many of the HDL's antiatherogenic and cardioprotective characteristics. PON1 is highly sensitive to variations in its milieu, and endogenous compounds (fatty acids, phospholipids), nutritional ingredients (flavonoids and other antioxidants), and environmental elements (reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, metals, surfactants), significantly affect the enzyme's activities. PON1 was shown to be responsible for some of the HDL antiatherogenic characteristics such as HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages, and the inhibition of LDL oxidation. SUMMARY The present review summarizes the recent literature related to various elements in PON1's milieu that regulate its activities, with an emphasis on its interrelation with components of the human carotid atherosclerotic lesion (plaque) which are in constant contact with circulating HDL-associated PON1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aviram
- Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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124
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Lietz M, Berges A, Lebrun S, Meurrens K, Steffen Y, Stolle K, Schueller J, Boue S, Vuillaume G, Vanscheeuwijck P, Moehring M, Schlage W, De Leon H, Hoeng J, Peitsch M. Cigarette-smoke-induced atherogenic lipid profiles in plasma and vascular tissue of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice are attenuated by smoking cessation. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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125
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Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Liu B, Li D, Zhang D, Chen H, Liu D. Systems biomedicine: It’s your turn—Recent progress in systems biomedicine. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-013-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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126
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Effects of low-fat or full-fat fermented and non-fermented dairy foods on selected cardiovascular biomarkers in overweight adults. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:2242-9. [PMID: 23756569 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The association between consumption of full-fat dairy foods and CVD may depend partly on the nature of products and may not apply to low-fat dairy foods. Increased circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers after consumption of dairy product-rich meals suggest an association with CVD. In the present study, we tested the effects of low-fat and full-fat dairy diets on biomarkers associated with inflammation, oxidative stress or atherogenesis and on plasma lipid classes. Within full-fat dairy diets, we also compared fermented v. non-fermented products. In a randomised cross-over study, twelve overweight/obese subjects consumed during two 3-week periods two full-fat dairy diets containing either yogurt plus cheese (fermented) or butter, cream and ice cream (non-fermented) or a low-fat milk plus yogurt diet, with the latter being consumed between and at the end of the full-fat dairy dietary periods. The concentrations of six inflammatory and two atherogenic biomarkers known to be raised in CVD were measured as well as those of plasma F2-isoprostanes and lipid classes. The concentrations of six of the eight biomarkers tended to be higher on consumption of the low-fat dairy diet than on that of the fermented dairy diet and the concentrations of two plasmalogen lipid classes reported to be associated with increased oxidisability were also higher on consumption of the low-fat dairy diet than on that of the fermented dairy diet (P< 0.001), although plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations did not differ on consumption of any of the diets. On the other hand, the concentrations of plasma sphingomyelin and IL-6 were significantly higher on consumption of the non-fermented dairy diet than on that of the low-fat dairy diet (P< 0.02). In conclusion, short-term diets containing low-fat dairy products did not lead to a more favourable biomarker profile associated with CVD risk compared with the full-fat dairy products, suggesting that full-fat fermented dairy products may be the more favourable.
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127
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Abstract
Human meibomian gland secretions (MGS, or meibum) are formed from a complex mixture of lipids of different classes such as wax esters, cholesteryl esters, (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFA) and their esters, acylglycerols, diacylated diols, free fatty acids, cholesterol, and a smaller amount of other polar and nonpolar lipids, whose chemical nature and the very presence in MGS have been a matter of intense debates. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent results that were obtained using different experimental techniques, estimate limitations of their usability, and discuss their biochemical, biophysical, and physiological implications. To create a lipid map of MGS and tears, the results obtained in the author's laboratory were integrated with available information on chemical composition of MGS and tears. The most informative approaches that are available today to researchers, such as HPLC-MS, GC-MS, and proton NMR, are discussed in details. A map of the meibomian lipidome (as it is seen in reverse phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry experiments) is presented. Directions of future efforts in the area are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Butovich
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9057, USA.
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128
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Surface analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry: more than just imaging. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:329-53. [PMID: 23623802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is now an indispensable tool for lipid analysis and is arguably the driving force in the renaissance of lipid research. In its various forms, mass spectrometry is uniquely capable of resolving the extensive compositional and structural diversity of lipids in biological systems. Furthermore, it provides the ability to accurately quantify molecular-level changes in lipid populations associated with changes in metabolism and environment; bringing lipid science to the "omics" age. The recent explosion of mass spectrometry-based surface analysis techniques is fuelling further expansion of the lipidomics field. This is evidenced by the numerous papers published on the subject of mass spectrometric imaging of lipids in recent years. While imaging mass spectrometry provides new and exciting possibilities, it is but one of the many opportunities direct surface analysis offers the lipid researcher. In this review we describe the current state-of-the-art in the direct surface analysis of lipids with a focus on tissue sections, intact cells and thin-layer chromatography substrates. The suitability of these different approaches towards analysis of the major lipid classes along with their current and potential applications in the field of lipid analysis are evaluated.
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129
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130
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Mayr M, Zampetaki A, Willeit P, Willeit J, Kiechl S. MicroRNAs within the continuum of postgenomics biomarker discovery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:206-14. [PMID: 23325478 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The postgenomic shift in paradigm from reductionism to systems-wide network inference has increased recognition that cardiovascular diseases are not simply determined by the genome but arise from an interaction and dynamic dysregulation of gene regulatory networks, proteins, and metabolic alterations. The advent of postgenomic technologies promises to interrogate these complex pathophysiological perturbations by applying concepts of systemic relationships to biomarker discovery. A multibiomarker panel consisting of biomarkers capturing different levels of information (eg, microRNAs to assess endothelial and platelet activation, molecular lipid species to profile metabolic status, and proteolytic degradation products to assess vascular integrity) could outperform inflammatory biomarkers without vascular specificity in their ability of predicting cardiovascular risk. As atherosclerosis develops over decades, different biomarkers may be required for different stages of disease. Thus far, there is no simple blood test to directly assess the health of blood vessels or identify vulnerable patients. We discuss strategies for biomarker discovery using post genomics technologies, with a particular focus on circulating microRNAs. The aim is to reveal distinctive cardiovascular phenotypes and identify biomarker signatures that complement the Framingham risk scores in clinical decision-making and in a stratified medicine approach for early preventive treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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131
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Vaya J. The association between biomarkers in the blood and carotid plaque composition-focusing on oxidized lipids, oxysterols and plaque status. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:15-8. [PMID: 23395697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human atherosclerotic plaque is composed of a large mixture of elements, predominantly lipids and oxidized lipids, lipid-loaded macrophages and smooth muscle cells, forming foam cells. Plaque contents undergo dynamic changes during the plaque's progression, being in a constant interaction with the circulating blood. During the mutual interaction between blood and plaque and the specific biochemical processes occurring in both, specific molecules can be generated in the serum which might provide information on plaque status. This information, mostly on plaque vulnerability, is highly important for making appropriate treatment decisions before neurological symptoms appear. The present review summarizes plaque contents, mostly lipids, oxidized lipids, oxidized products of cholesterol (oxysterols), and covers the recent literature on their association with biomarkers in the blood and on the possibility of using them for providing information on plaque status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Vaya
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Tel Hai College, Israel.
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132
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Stegemann C, Didangelos A, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Langley SR, Mandal K, Jahangiri M, Mayr M. Proteomic Identification of Matrix Metalloproteinase Substrates in the Human Vasculature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:106-17. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.112.964452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in cardiovascular disease, in particular aneurysm formation and plaque rupture. Surprisingly, little is known about MMP substrates in the vasculature.
Methods and Results—
We used a proteomics approach to identify vascular substrates for 3 MMPs, 1 of each of the 3 major classes of MMPs: Human arteries were incubated with MMP-3 (a member of stromelysins), MMP-9 (considered a gelatinase), and MMP-14 (considered a member of the collagenases and of the membrane-bound MMPs). Candidate substrates were identified by mass spectrometry based on increased release from the arterial tissue on digestion, spectral evidence for proteolytic degradation after gel separation, and identification of nontryptic cleavage sites. Using this approach, novel candidates were identified, including extracellular matrix proteins associated with the basement membrane, elastic fibers (emilin-1), and other extracellular proteins (periostin, tenascin-X). Seventy-four nontryptic cleavage sites were detected, many of which were shared among different MMPs. The proteomics findings were validated by immunoblotting and by digesting recombinant/purified proteins with exogenous MMPs. As proof-of-principle, results were related to in vivo pathology by searching for corresponding degradation products in human aortic tissue with different levels of endogenous MMP-9.
Conclusions—
The application of proteomics to identify MMP targets is a new frontier in cardiovascular research. Our current classification of MMPs based on few substrates is an oversimplification of a complex area of biology. This study provides a more comprehensive assessment of potential MMP substrates in the vasculature and represents a valuable resource for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Stegemann
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Athanasios Didangelos
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Sarah R. Langley
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Kaushik Mandal
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Marjan Jahangiri
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
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133
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Quanico J, Franck J, Dauly C, Strupat K, Dupuy J, Day R, Salzet M, Fournier I, Wisztorski M. Development of liquid microjunction extraction strategy for improving protein identification from tissue sections. J Proteomics 2013; 79:200-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease accounts for nearly half of the global cardiovascular disease burden. Aetiologies relating to heart disease are complex, but dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation are cardinal features. Despite preventative measures and advancements in treatment regimens with lipid-lowering agents, the high prevalence of heart disease and the residual risk of recurrent events continue to be a significant burden to the health sector and to the affected individuals and their families. The development of improved risk models for the early detection and prevention of cardiovascular events in addition to new therapeutic strategies to address this residual risk are required if we are to continue to make inroads into this most prevalent of diseases. Metabolomics and lipidomics are modern disciplines that characterize the metabolite and lipid complement respectively, of a given system. Their application to ischaemic heart disease has demonstrated utilities in population profiling, identification of multivariate biomarkers and in monitoring of therapeutic response, as well as in basic mechanistic studies. Although advances in magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry technologies have given rise to the fields of metabolomics and lipidomics, the plethora of data generated presents challenges requiring specific statistical and bioinformatics applications, together with appropriate study designs. Nonetheless, the predictive and re-classification capacity of individuals with various degrees of risk by the plasma lipidome has recently been demonstrated. In the present review, we summarize evidence derived exclusively by metabolomic and lipidomic studies in the context of ischaemic heart disease. We consider the potential role of plasma lipid profiling in assessing heart disease risk and therapeutic responses, and explore the potential mechanisms. Finally, we highlight where metabolomic studies together with complementary -omic disciplines may make further inroads into the understanding, detection and treatment of ischaemic heart disease.
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135
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Peter Slotte J. Molecular properties of various structurally defined sphingomyelins -- correlation of structure with function. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:206-19. [PMID: 23295259 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelins are important phospholipids in plasma membranes of most cells. Because of their dominantly saturated nature, they affect the lateral structure of membranes, and contribute to the regulation of cholesterol distribution within membranes, and in cells. However, the abundance of molecular species present in cells also implies that sphingomyelins have other, more specific functions. Many of these functions are currently unknown, but are under extensive study. Mostly model membrane studies have shown that sphingomyelins (and other sphingolipids), in contrast to glycerophospholipids, have important hydrogen bonding properties which in several important ways confer specific functional properties to this abundant class of membrane phospholipids. The often very asymmetric nature of sphingomyelins, arising from mismatch in length between the long chain base and N-acyl chains, also impose specific properties (e.g., interdigitation) to sphingomyelins not seen with glycerophospholipids. In this review, the latest sphingomyelin literature will be scrutinized, and an effort will be made to correlate the molecular structure of sphingomyelin with functional properties. In particular, the effects of head group properties, interfacial hydrogen bonding, long chain base hydroxylation, N-acyl chain hydroxylation, and N-acyl chain methyl-branching will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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136
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Holguin FO, Schaub T. Characterization of microalgal lipid feedstock by direct-infusion FT-ICR mass spectrometry. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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137
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Jové M, Ayala V, Ramírez-Núñez O, Serrano JCE, Cassanyé A, Arola L, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Crescenti A, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M. Lipidomic and metabolomic analyses reveal potential plasma biomarkers of early atheromatous plaque formation in hamsters. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:642-52. [PMID: 23241314 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is the main pathological process contributing to cardiovascular disease, with diet being the most important factor involved. Although the lipidome of atheromatous plaque has been studied previously, the use of comparative lipidomics and metabolomics in plasma in early atherogenesis could lead to the discovery of plasma biomarkers that allow not only disease prediction but also measurement of disease progression. METHODS AND RESULTS High-throughput techniques, such as liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, allowed us to compare the circulating and aortic lipidome and plasma metabolome in order to look for new molecular targets involved in atherogenesis. To achieve this objective, we chose the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as the best small animal model for diet-induced early atherosclerosis, because its lipoprotein metabolism is similar to that of humans. The results revealed the existence of several, previously unreported, changes in lipid and amino-acid metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ pathway, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, also involving cell senescence. Furthermore, as a proof of concept in the modelling of dietary influences in atherogenesis, we have measured the effect of a potential anti-atherogenic polyphenol extract on the reported pathways. Our results support a previously unknown role for taurocholic acid as a potential plasma biomarker of early atheromatous plaque formation. CONCLUSION The use of comparative liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and metabolomics allows the discovery of novel pathways in atherogenesis, as well as new potential plasma biomarkers, which could allow us to predict disease in its early stages and measure its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Spain
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138
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Modulation of atherogenic lipidome by cigarette smoke in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:328-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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139
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Azuaje FJ, Dewey FE, Brutsaert DL, Devaux Y, Ashley EA, Wagner DR. Systems-based approaches to cardiovascular biomarker discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:360-7. [PMID: 22715280 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.112.962977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Azuaje
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Public Research Centre for Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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140
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Donegan M, Browning M. A REVIEW RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SAMPLE IONIZATION INTERFACES USED IN MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.714595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Browning
- a Bristol-Myers Squibb , Wallingford , Connecticut , USA
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141
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Szymańska E, van Dorsten FA, Troost J, Paliukhovich I, van Velzen EJJ, Hendriks MMWB, Trautwein EA, van Duynhoven JPM, Vreeken RJ, Smilde AK. A lipidomic analysis approach to evaluate the response to cholesterol-lowering food intake. Metabolomics 2012; 8:894-906. [PMID: 23060736 PMCID: PMC3465648 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-011-0384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant sterols (PS) are well known to reduce serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Lipidomics potentially provides detailed information on a wide range of individual serum lipid metabolites, which may further add to our understanding of the biological effects of PS. In this study, lipidomics analysis was applied to serum samples from a placebo-controlled, parallel human intervention study (n = 97) of 4-week consumption of two PS-enriched, yoghurt drinks differing in fat content (based on 0.1% vs. 1.5% dairy fat). A comprehensive data analysis strategy was developed and implemented to assess and compare effects of two different PS-treatments and placebo treatment. The combination of univariate and multivariate data analysis approaches allowed to show significant effects of PS intake on the serum lipidome, and helped to distinguish them from fat content and non-specific effects. The PS-enriched 0.1% dairy fat yoghurt drink had a stronger impact on the lipidome than the 1.5% dairy fat yoghurt drink, despite similar LDL-cholesterol lowering effects. The PS-enriched 0.1% dairy fat yoghurt drink reduced levels of several sphingomyelins which correlated well with the reduction in LDL-cholesterol and can be explained by co-localization of sphingomyelins and cholesterol on the surface of LDL lipoprotein. Statistically significant reductions in serum levels of two lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC(16:1), LPC(20:1)) and cholesteryl arachidonate may suggest reduced inflammation and atherogenic potential. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-011-0384-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymańska
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand A. van Dorsten
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorne Troost
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Paliukhovich
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ewoud J. J. van Velzen
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet M. W. B. Hendriks
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - John P. M. van Duynhoven
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J. Vreeken
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Age K. Smilde
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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142
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Sample preparation for mass spectrometry imaging: Small mistakes can lead to big consequences. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4893-4911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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143
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Sparvero L, Amoscato A, Dixon C, Long J, Kochanek P, Pitt B, Bayir H, Kagan V. Mapping of phospholipids by MALDI imaging (MALDI-MSI): realities and expectations. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:545-62. [PMID: 22692104 PMCID: PMC3642772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has emerged as a novel powerful MS methodology that has the ability to generate both molecular and spatial information within a tissue section. Application of this technology as a new type of biochemical lipid microscopy may lead to new discoveries of the lipid metabolism and biomarkers associated with area-specific alterations or damage under stress/disease conditions such as traumatic brain injury or acute lung injury, among others. However there are limitations in the range of what it can detect as compared with liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) of a lipid extract from a tissue section. The goal of the current work was to critically consider remarkable new opportunities along with the limitations and approaches for further improvements of MALDI-MSI. Based on our experimental data and assessments, improvements of the spectral and spatial resolution, sensitivity and specificity towards low abundance species of lipids are proposed. This is followed by a review of the current literature, including methodologies that other laboratories have used to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.J. Sparvero
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - A.A. Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - C.E. Dixon
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - J.B. Long
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 21910, USA
| | - P.M. Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - B.R. Pitt
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - H. Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - V.E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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144
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Reid DG, Shanahan CM, Duer MJ, Arroyo LG, Schoppet M, Brooks RA, Murray RC. Lipids in biocalcification: contrasts and similarities between intimal and medial vascular calcification and bone by NMR. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1569-75. [PMID: 22651923 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m026088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathomechanisms underlying vascular calcification biogenesis are still incompletely understood. Biomineral from human atherosclerotic intimal plaques; human, equine, and bovine medial vascular calcifications; and human and equine bone was released from collagenous organic matrix by sodium hydroxide/sodium hypochlorite digestion. Solid-state (13)C NMR of intimal plaque mineral shows signals from cholesterol/cholesteryl esters and fatty acids. In contrast, in mineral from pure medial calcifications and bone mineral, fatty acid signals predominate. Refluxing (chloroform/methanol) intimal plaque calcifications removes the cholesterylic but not the fatty acyl signals. The lipid composition of this refluxed mineral now closely resembles that of the medial and bone mineral, which is unchanged by reflux. Thus, intimal and medial vascular calcifications and bone mineral have in common a pool of occluded mineral-entrained fatty acyl-rich lipids. This population of fatty acid may contain methyl-branched fatty acids, possibly representing lipoprotein particle remnants. Cell signaling and mechanistic parallels between physiological (orthotopic) and pathological (ectopic) calcification are also reflected thus in the NMR spectroscopic fingerprints of mineral-associated and mineral-entrained lipids. Additionally the atherosclerotic plaque mineral alone shows a significant independent pool of cholesterylic lipids. Colocalization of mineral and lipid may be coincidental, but it could also reflect an essential mechanistic component of biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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145
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Abstract
Recent findings demonstrated the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the vasculature and the orchestration of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. MiRNA networks represent an additional layer of regulation for gene expression that absorbs perturbations and ensures the robustness of biological systems. This function is very elegantly demonstrated in cholesterol metabolism where miRNAs reducing cellular cholesterol export are embedded in the very same genes that increase cholesterol synthesis. Often their alteration does not affect normal development but changes under stress conditions and in disease. A detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of miRNA-mediated effects on metabolism and vascular pathophysiology could pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches. In the first part of this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs in vascular and metabolic diseases and explore potential confounding effects by platelet miRNAs in preclinical models of cardiovascular disease. In the second part, we discuss experimental strategies for miRNA target identification and the challenges in attributing miRNA effects to specific cell types and single targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zampetaki
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
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146
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Parnell LD. Advances in Technologies and Study Design. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:17-50. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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147
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Stock
- European Atherosclerosis Society, Kronhusgatan 11, Kronhusgatan 11, 411 05 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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148
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Didangelos A, Stegemann C, Mayr M. The -omics era: proteomics and lipidomics in vascular research. Atherosclerosis 2011; 221:12-7. [PMID: 22024275 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A main limitation of the current approaches to atherosclerosis research is the focus on the investigation of individual factors, which are presumed to be involved in the pathophysiology and whose biological functions are, at least in part, understood. These molecules are investigated extensively while others are not studied at all. In comparison to our detailed knowledge about the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, little is known about extracellular matrix remodelling and the retention of individual lipid species rather than lipid classes in early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The recent development of mass spectrometry-based methods and advanced analytical tools are transforming our ability to profile extracellular proteins and lipid species in animal models and clinical specimen with the goal of illuminating pathological processes and discovering new biomarkers.
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149
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Spite M, Serhan CN. Lipid signatures of unstable atheromas: fossils or a step toward personalized lipidomics-metabolomics? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:215-7. [PMID: 21673308 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.960344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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