101
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Cheray M, Joseph B. Epigenetics Control Microglia Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:243. [PMID: 30123114 PMCID: PMC6085560 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells of the central nervous system, fulfill multiple functions in the brain throughout life. These microglial functions range from participation in innate and adaptive immune responses, involvement in the development of the brain and its homeostasis maintenance, to contribution to degenerative, traumatic, and proliferative diseases; and take place in the developing, the aging, the healthy, or the diseased brain. Thus, an impressive level of cellular plasticity, appears as a requirement for the pleiotropic biological functions of microglia. Epigenetic changes, including histone modifications or DNA methylation as well as microRNA expression, are important modifiers of gene expression, and have been involved in cell phenotype regulation and reprogramming and are therefore part of the mechanisms regulating cellular plasticity. Here, we review and discuss the epigenetic mechanisms, which are emerging as contributors to this microglial cellular plasticity and thereby can constitute interesting targets to modulate microglia associated brain diseases, including developmental diseases, neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Cheray
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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102
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Heme Oxygenase 1 in the Nervous System: Does It Favor Neuronal Cell Survival or Induce Neurodegeneration? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082260. [PMID: 30071692 PMCID: PMC6121636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) up-regulation is recognized as a pivotal mechanism of cell adaptation to stress. Under control of different transcription factors but with a prominent role played by Nrf2, HO-1 induction is crucial also in nervous system response to damage. However, several lines of evidence have highlighted that HO-1 expression is associated to neuronal damage and neurodegeneration especially in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of HO-1 in nervous system pointing out different molecular mechanisms possibly responsible for HO-1 up-regulation in nervous system homeostasis and neurodegeneration.
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103
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Inhibiting of GRASP65 Phosphorylation by DL-3-N-Butylphthalide Protects against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via ERK Signaling. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:5701719. [PMID: 30154935 PMCID: PMC6093058 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5701719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the role of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) mice model. The involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was also investigated. Methods All mice were divided into five groups: sham-operated group, CIRI group, NBP pretreatment group, NBP treatment group, and NBP pretreatment + treatment group. The CIRI mice model was established by the use of the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method. Pretreatment mice received NBP (90 mg/kg/d) three times a day within four days before reperfusion by gavage. Treatment mice received NBP (90 mg/kg/d) three times a day within five days after reperfusion by gavage. We detected the infarction area, the neurological severity, and the superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, we observed the expressions of GRASP65, phosphorylation of GRASP65 (pGRASP65), ERK, and phosphorylation of ERK (pERK) by the use of Western blotting. Results The result showed that the ERK pathway was activated in response to CIRI. NBP decreases the expressions of pERK and pGRASP65 following CIRI. Additionally, NBP could decrease MDA and increase SOD level in brain tissues. Decreased infarct volume was also observed in the NBP group. Thereby, NBP inhibited the activation of the ERK pathway induced by CIRI and reduced the GRASP65 phosphorylation. Conclusions The current finding suggested that NBP protected the cerebrum from CIRI mediated by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway and subsequently reducing GRASP65 phosphorylation.
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104
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Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), are important causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. MicroRNA (miRNA), small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression, can serve as diagnostic biomarkers and are emerging as novel therapeutic targets for CNS injuries. MiRNA-based therapeutics include miRNA mimics and inhibitors (antagomiRs) to respectively decrease and increase the expression of target genes. In this review, we summarize current miRNA-based therapeutic applications in stroke, TBI and SCI. Administration methods, time windows and dosage for effective delivery of miRNA-based drugs into CNS are discussed. The underlying mechanisms of miRNA-based therapeutics are reviewed including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier protection, angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Pharmacological agents that protect against CNS injuries by targeting specific miRNAs are presented along with the challenges and therapeutic potential of miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Da Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Ke-Jie Yin, Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, BST S514, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Da Zhi Liu, Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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105
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Unique MicroRNAs Signature of Lymphocyte of Yang and Yin Syndromes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:590-597. [PMID: 29926387 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) profiles of yang and yin syndromes in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and to provide the molecular basis of the classification of these two syndrome types in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS A microarray assay was performed to assess the expression pattern of miRNAs in the lymphocyte of acute ischemic stroke patients. Target genes for the deregulated miRNAs were predicated using the online bioinformatic algorithms and functional annotation via Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis for miRNAs predicted targets was carried out. Based on the predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs, the miRNA-gene-network and miRNA-pathway-network were constructed. RESULTS Yang score based on tongue texture, urine, dejecta, and appearance, etc. showed that clinical symptoms were distinct between yang and yin syndromes. There were significantly higher total leukocyte number and lower total protein level in patients with yang syndrome compared with those in patients with yin syndrome (P<0.05). Comprehensive miRNA analysis identified 36 unique down-regulated miRNAs in yang syndrome group, and 20 unique down-regulated and 2 unique up-regulated miRNAs in yin syndrome group. The key regulatory miRNAs, gene, and pathways in the yang syndrome were hsa-miR-93-5p and -320b, enabled homolog, the metabolic pathways and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, respectively, while those in the yin syndrome were hsa-miR-424-5p and -106b-5p, CNOT4, hepatitis B and pathways in cancer, respectively. CONCLUSION These results offered insight into the molecular basis underlying the different pathogenesis of yang or yin syndrome, providing clues for the individualized therapeutic strategies of acute ischemic stroke.
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106
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Xu W, Gao L, Zheng J, Li T, Shao A, Reis C, Chen S, Zhang J. The Roles of MicroRNAs in Stroke: Possible Therapeutic Targets. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1778-1788. [PMID: 29871520 PMCID: PMC6300776 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718773361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. In recent years, a great number of studies have focused on the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) on stroke and the results demonstrated that the expressions of miRNAs are associated with the prognosis of stroke. In the present study, we review relevant articles regarding miRNAs and stroke and will explain the complex link between both. The miRNAs participate extensively in the pathophysiology following the stroke, including apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain edema. The information about the stroke–miRNA system may be helpful for therapeutic and diagnostic methods in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Xu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liansheng Gao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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107
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Tian F, Yuan C, Yue H. MiR-138/SIRT1 axis is implicated in impaired learning and memory abilities of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injured rats. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:232-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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108
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Kinoshita C, Aoyama K, Nakaki T. Neuroprotection afforded by circadian regulation of intracellular glutathione levels: A key role for miRNAs. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:17-33. [PMID: 29198727 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-h oscillations of physiological and behavioral processes that allow us to adapt to daily environmental cycles. Like many other biological functions, cellular redox status and antioxidative defense systems display circadian rhythmicity. In the central nervous system (CNS), glutathione (GSH) is a critical antioxidant because the CNS is extremely vulnerable to oxidative stress; oxidative stress, in turn, causes several fatal diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. It has long been known that GSH level shows circadian rhythm, although the mechanism underlying GSH rhythm production has not been well-studied. Several lines of recent evidence indicate that the expression of antioxidant genes involved in GSH homeostasis as well as circadian clock genes are regulated by post-transcriptional regulator microRNA (miRNA), indicating that miRNA plays a key role in generating GSH rhythm. Interestingly, several reports have shown that alterations of miRNA expression as well as circadian rhythm have been known to link with various diseases related to oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence implicates a strong correlation between antioxidative defense, circadian rhythm and miRNA function, therefore, their dysfunctions could cause numerous diseases. It is hoped that continued elucidation of the antioxidative defense systems controlled by novel miRNA regulation under circadian control will advance the development of therapeutics for the diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
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Jhelum P, Karisetty BC, Kumar A, Chakravarty S. Implications of Epigenetic Mechanisms and their Targets in Cerebral Ischemia Models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:815-830. [PMID: 27964703 PMCID: PMC5652028 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666161213143907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the complexities associated with the ischemic condition and identifying therapeutic targets in ischemia is a continued challenge in stroke biology. Emerging evidence reveals the potential involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the incident and outcome of stroke, suggesting novel therapeutic options of targeting different molecules related to epigenetic regulation. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes our current understanding of ischemic pathophysiology, describes various in vivo and in vitro models of ischemia, and examines epigenetic modifications associated with the ischemic condition. METHOD We focus on microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifying enzymes, and present how epigenetic studies are revealing novel drug target candidates in stroke. CONCLUSION Finally, we discuss emerging approaches for the prevention and treatment of stroke and post-stroke effects using pharmacological interventions with a wide therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Jhelum
- Chemical Biology, CSIR, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Bhanu C Karisetty
- Chemical Biology, CSIR, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
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110
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Matoušková P, Hanousková B, Skálová L. MicroRNAs as Potential Regulators of Glutathione Peroxidases Expression and Their Role in Obesity and Related Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041199. [PMID: 29662007 PMCID: PMC5979329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) belong to the eight-member family of phylogenetically related enzymes with different cellular localization, but distinct antioxidant function. Several GPxs are important selenoproteins. Dysregulated GPx expression is connected with severe pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis using the programs miRDB, miRanda, TargetScan, and Diana in the search for hypothetical microRNAs targeting 3′untranslated regions (3´UTR) of GPxs. We cross-referenced the literature for possible intersections between our results and available reports on identified microRNAs, with a special focus on the microRNAs related to oxidative stress, obesity, and related pathologies. We identified many microRNAs with an association with oxidative stress and obesity as putative regulators of GPxs. In particular, miR-185-5p was predicted by a larger number of programs to target six GPxs and thus could play the role as their master regulator. This microRNA was altered by selenium deficiency and can play a role as a feedback control of selenoproteins’ expression. Through the bioinformatics analysis we revealed the potential connection of microRNAs, GPxs, obesity, and other redox imbalance related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Matoušková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Hanousková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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111
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Li G, Morris-Blanco KC, Lopez MS, Yang T, Zhao H, Vemuganti R, Luo Y. Impact of microRNAs on ischemic stroke: From pre- to post-disease. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 163-164:59-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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112
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Li G, Ma Q, Wang R, Fan Z, Tao Z, Liu P, Zhao H, Luo Y. Diagnostic and Immunosuppressive Potential of Elevated Mir-424 Levels in Circulating Immune Cells of Ischemic Stroke Patients. Aging Dis 2018; 9:172-181. [PMID: 29675290 PMCID: PMC5880119 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that microRNA-424 (miR-424) protected against experimental stroke through inhibition of microglial proliferation and activation by targeting cell cycle proteins. The purpose of this study was to further explore the clinical significance of miR-424 in peripheral immune cells of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Blood samples were collected from 40 patients within 6 hours of symptom onset and 27 control subjects. MiR-424 levels in lymphocytes, neutrophils and plasma were determined by quantitative realtime-PCR. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of miR-424 for stroke was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The correlation between miR-424 levels and clinical data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. Plasma levels of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-10) and neurotrophic factor (IGF-1) were detected by ELISA. Notably, miR-424 expression levels in lymphocytes and neutrophils increased after stroke, suggestive of its diagnostic value in ischemic stroke. MiR-424 levels in neutrophils were negatively correlated with infarct volume. Lymphocytic miR-424 levels were negatively correlated with the number of lymphocytes and the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase CDK6. Moreover, plasma TNF-α and IGF-1 levels increased and decreased, respectively, in stroke patients, and miR-424 levels in lymphocytes and neutrophils were both inversely correlated with plasma TNF-α, IL-10, or IGF-1 levels. In summary, miR-424 levels in peripheral immune cells has diagnostic potential for ischemic stroke, and might affect the severity of acute stroke by depressing the peripheral inflammatory response through CDK6-dependent pathway in lymphocytes or CDK6-independent pathway neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Li
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Fan
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.,3Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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113
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Han X, Wen X, Wang Y, Wang S, Shen M, Zhang Z, Fan S, Shan Q, Wang L, Li M, Hu B, Sun C, Wu D, Lu J, Zheng Y. Retracted
: Protective effects of microRNA‐431 against cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats by targeting the Rho/Rho‐kinase signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5895-5907. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Yong‐Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Min Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Zi‐Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Shao‐Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Meng‐Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Chun‐Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Dong‐Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Yuan‐Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceP.R. China
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Wang X, Chen S, Ni J, Cheng J, Jia J, Zhen X. miRNA-3473b contributes to neuroinflammation following cerebral ischemia. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:11. [PMID: 29317607 PMCID: PMC5849032 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an essential role in stroke pathology. Here, we investigated the role of a newly identified microRNA, miR-3473b, in stroke pathology. The expression of miR-3473b was upregulated in the cortex and striatum in mice following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Intracerebroventricular injection of the miR-3473b antagomir prior to MCAO remarkably attenuated ischemia-induced expression of miR-3473b and pro-inflammatory factors in the ischemic brain and decreased infarct volumes in mice following MCAO. Using in vitro approaches, we showed that the miR-3473b antagomir reduced the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6) in BV2 microglial cells subjected to LPS stimulation. The miR-3473b antagomir also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in BV2 cells activated with conditioned medium collected from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated neurons. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a physiological regulator of innate and adaptive immunity, was predicted to be a potential target of miR-3473b. We verified that the miR-3473b mimic decreased SOCS3 expression in BV2 cells. Meanwhile, the miR-3473b antagomir significantly increased both SOCS3 mRNA and protein levels in the BV2 cells treated with LPS as well as in the ischemic brain. By using the dual luciferase assay, we further showed that the 3'-untranslational region of SOCS3 was directly targeted by miR-3473b. In conclusion, induction of miR-3473b, which is likely targeted to SOCS3, contributes to stroke pathogenesis by enhancing post-stroke neuroinflammation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingshu Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Yu Y, Wu X, Pu J, Luo P, Ma W, Wang J, Wei J, Wang Y, Fei Z. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis and autophagic cell death via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1187-1194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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116
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Ren C, Li S, Liu K, Rajah GB, Zhang A, Han R, Liu Y, Huang Q, Li H, Ding Y, Ji X. Enhanced oxidative stress response and neuroprotection of combined limb remote ischemic conditioning and atorvastatin after transient ischemic stroke in rats. Brain Circ 2017; 3:204-212. [PMID: 30276326 PMCID: PMC6057710 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_29_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Limb remote ischemic conditioning (LRIC) and atorvastatin (AtS) both provide neuroprotection in stroke. We evaluated the enhanced neuroprotective effect of combining these two treatments in preventing ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cerebral injury in a rat model and investigated the corresponding molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transient cerebral ischemia was induced in Sprague–Dawley male rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min followed by reperfusion (I/R). Rats were divided into 5 groups, sham, I/R, I/R + AtS, I/R + LRIC and I/R + AtS + LRIC. Pretreatment with LRIC and/or AtS for 14 days before MCAO surgery. Infarct volume, neurological score, Western blot, immuno-histochemical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The combination of LRIC plus AtS pretreatment decreased infarct volume and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Combination treatment achieved stronger neuroprotection than monotherapy with LRIC or AtS. These therapies reduced reactive oxygen species production in the peri-ischemia region, associated with significantly increased expression and activation of superoxide dismutase 1, hemeoxygenase 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. CONCLUSIONS: Both LRIC and AtS + LRIC treatments conferred neuroprotection in ischemic stroke by reducing brain oxidative stress. AtS plus LRIC is an attractive translational research option due to its ease of use, tolerability, economical, and tremendous neuroprotective potential in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Ren
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Gary B Rajah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anbo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Han
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingjian Huang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing, China
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117
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The PGC-1α Activator ZLN005 Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:929-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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118
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Fu D, Liu H, Li S, Chen L, Yao J. Antioxidative and Antiapoptotic Effects of Delta-Opioid Peptide [D-Ala 2, D-Leu 5] Enkephalin on Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:603. [PMID: 29163008 PMCID: PMC5671641 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In our previous study, we found that regional administration of delta-opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) could provide dose-dependent protection on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. However, the relative protective molecular mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether DADLE provided the protection in spinal cord I/R injury through its antioxidant property by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and increasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and through its antiapoptotic capacity by inhibiting caspase-3 and p53 expression. Methods: The rabbits were divided into three groups. The animals in Group NS and Group DADLE were administered with normal saline (NS) or DADLE via aorta during 30 min of ischemia respectively, while the one in Group Sham received no intervention. During the period of reperfusion, the rabbit's blood samples were collected for enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) examinations of MDA, NO, GSH-Px and SOD. At 48 h after reperfusion, the lumbar spinal cords were harvested for immunohistochemical, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot studies to detect the caspase-3 and p53 expressions. Results: The activities of serum MDA and NO showed significant reductions in the DADLE group as compared with the control group. By contrast, the levels of serum GSH-Px and SOD were significantly higher in the DADLE group than those in the NS group. In addition, caspase-3 and p53 expression were significantly increased in the NS group, while DADLE mitigated these changes. Conclusions: The protective effects of DADLE at the dosage of 0.05 mg/kg may be related to its antioxidant and antiapoptosis properties in the rabbit model of spinal cord I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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119
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MicroRNA-1906, a Novel Regulator of Toll-Like Receptor 4, Ameliorates Ischemic Injury after Experimental Stroke in Mice. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10498-10515. [PMID: 28924010 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1139-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a proinflammatory cascade initiator in poststroke inflammation. In this study, miR-1906, a novel regulator of TLR4, was identified via in silico analysis and microRNA profiling in male adult mice and its expression was then quantitated in the ischemic hemisphere. We found miR-1906 to be significantly brain enriched in the ischemic hemisphere and even more drastically enriched in the peri-infarct regions. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that, during oxygen-glucose deprivation, miR-1906 expression was increased in glial cells but decreased in neurons. Surprisingly, despite the augmentation of intracellular abundance, miR-1906 expression in extracellular vesicles was decreased in astrocyte cell culture supernatants, suggesting reduced sources of miR-1906 from glia to neurons. When exogenous miR-1906 was administered, decreased TLR4 protein expression was observed both in vitro and in vivo Using Cy3 labeling, exogenous miR-1906 uptake by astrocytes, microglia, and neurons was visualized directly in vivo Reduced infarct volumes and improved functional outcomes were observed in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice receiving miR-1906. However, the protective effects of miR-1906 disappeared with the genetic knock-out of TLR4, suggesting that TLR4 is a major target of miR-1906 through which the microRNA exerts its therapeutic effects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The current study identified miR-1906 as a novel specific regulator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and depicted its distinct expression patterns in different cerebral regions and cell types during ischemic attack. Therefore, the therapeutic supplementation of miR-1906 can be beneficial in the modulation of poststroke inflammation. Using Cy3 labeling, exogenous miR-1906 expression was visualized and shown to enter astrocytes, microglia, and neurons successfully in vivo Supplemental therapeutic miR-1906 resulted in reduced TLR4 expression and improved outcomes after middle cerebral artery occlusion in a mouse model, but its neuroprotective function was TLR4 dependent, suggesting that TLR4 is a major target of miR-1906.
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120
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Overexpression of MicroRNA-145 Ameliorates Astrocyte Injury by Targeting Aquaporin 4 in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9530951. [PMID: 29057271 PMCID: PMC5615955 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9530951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke, which affects the global population, is a major disease with high incidence, mortality, and disability. Accumulating evidence has indicated that abnormal microRNA (miRNA) expression plays essential roles in the pathologies of ischemic stroke. Yet, the underlying regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in cerebral ischemic stroke remains unclear. We investigated the role of miR-145 in cerebral ischemic stroke and its potential mechanism in a model using primary cultured astrocytes. We detected the expression levels of miR-145 and its target gene AQP4 and assessed the role of miR-145 in cell death and apoptosis caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the targets of miR-145. miR-145 expression levels were significantly decreased in primary astrocytes subjected to OGD. miR-145 overexpression promoted astrocyte health and inhibited OGD-induced apoptosis. AQP4 was a direct target of miR-145, and miR-145 suppressed AQP4 expression. Moreover, AQP4 enhanced astrocyte injury in ischemic stroke, and AQP4 knockdown diminished the miR-145-mediated protective effect on ischemic injury. Taken together, our results show that miR-145 plays an important role in protecting astrocytes from ischemic injury by downregulating AQP4 expression. These findings may highlight a novel therapeutic target in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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121
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Circulating pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic microRNA expressions in patients with acute ischemic stroke and their association with disease severity. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:2015-2023. [PMID: 28875333 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study are to evaluate 28 selected pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic microRNA (miRNA) expressions in plasma of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and controls and to assess the correlations of these miRNAs with risk and severity of AIS. In the exploring stage, 10 AIS patients and 10 controls with vascular risk factors were enrolled. And in the validating stage, 106 AIS patients and 110 controls with the same eligibility were recruited. Blood samples were collected from participants within 24 h post the onset of symptoms, and plasma levels of miRNAs were evaluated by the qPCR method. In the exploring stage, 11 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEM) were identified and included into the validating stage. In the validating stage, the expression of miR-126, miR-130a, and miR-378 in plasma declined in the AIS patients; however, miR-222, miR-218, and miR-185 plasma levels were elevated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis disclosed that miR-126, miR-130a, miR-222, miR-218, and miR-185 were independent predicting factors for AIS. When these five DEMs were combined together, they presented a good diagnostic value with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.767 (95% CI 0.705-0.829), sensitivity of 87.7%, and specificity of 54.5% at best cutoff point. Additionally, miR-126, miR-378, miR-101, miR-222, miR-218, and miR-206 were associated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Circulating miR-126, miR-130a, miR-222, miR-218, and miR-185 could be served as promising and independent biomarkers for risk of AIS, and miR-126, miR-378, miR-222, miR-101, miR-218, and miR-206 could be used for disease severity management of AIS.
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122
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Treatment Effects of Ischemic Stroke by Berberine, Baicalin, and Jasminoidin from Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD) Explored by an Integrated Metabolomics Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9848594. [PMID: 28894512 PMCID: PMC5574319 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9848594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Berberine, baicalin, and jasminoidin were major active ingredients of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD), a famous prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to classify their roles in the treatment effects of ischemic stroke. A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was constructed to mimic ischemic stroke and treatment effects of berberine, baicalin, and jasminoidin, and HLJDD was assessed by neurologic deficit scoring, infarct volume, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting. In addition, the 1H NMR metabolomics approach was used to assess the metabolic profiles, which combined with correlation network analysis successfully revealed metabolic disorders in ischemic stroke concerning the treatment of the three principal compounds from HLJDD for the first time. The combined results suggested that berberine, baicalin, and jasminoidin are responsible for the effectiveness of HLJDD on the treatment of ischemic stroke by amelioration of abnormal metabolism and regulation of oxidative stress, neuron autophagy, and inflammatory response. This integrated metabolomics approach showed its potential in understanding the function of complex formulae and clarifying the role of its components in the overall treatment effects.
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123
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Xu W, Li F, Liu Z, Xu Z, Sun B, Cao J, Liu Y. MicroRNA-27b inhibition promotes Nrf2/ARE pathway activation and alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70669-70684. [PMID: 29050310 PMCID: PMC5642585 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the key factors leading to secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated the effects of miR-27b, an oxidative stress-responsive microRNA, on ICH-induced brain injury in rats. The ICH model was induced by intracerebral injection of collagenase. Following ICH, miR-27b expression in the striatum was reduced, whereas expression of Nrf2 mRNA and protein was increased. In PC12 cells, overexpression of miR-27b reduced expression of Nrf2, Hmox1, Sod1 and Nqo1, while miR-27b inhibition had the opposite effects. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that Nrf2 mRNA was a direct target of miR-27b. Intracerebroventricular injection of miR-27b antagomir and transfection of miR-27b inhibitor inhibited endogenous miR-27b in rats and PC12 cells, respectively. MiR-27b antagomir promoted activation of the ICH-induced Nrf2/ARE pathway and reduced the lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation, cell death and neurological deficits otherwise seen after ICH. In PC12 cells, the miR-27b inhibitor diminished iron-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and those effects were blocked by Nrf2 knockdown. These results demonstrate that miR-27b inhibition alleviates ICH-induced brain injury, which may be explained in part by its regulation on the Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan 250200, P.R. China
| | - Zhenkuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuguang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
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124
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Sun L, Li X, Li G, Dai B, Tan W. Actinidia chinensis Planch. Improves the Indices of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammation Status of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Activating Keap1 and Nrf2 via the Upregulation of MicroRNA-424. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7038789. [PMID: 28642811 PMCID: PMC5470031 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7038789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The fruit juice of Actinidia chinensis Planch. has antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the molecular mechanism was unclear. The patients took the juice and the serum level of antioxidant miR-424, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), and biochemical indices were measured. The juice increased the levels of serum microRNA-424, Keap1, and Nrf2 and reduced the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta and IL-6 in T2DM patients. The levels of SOD and GSH were higher while the levels of ALT and AST were lower in the patients consuming the juice when compared to the patients without taking the juice. The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of miR-424 were positively related to Keap1 and Nrf2 levels while Keap1 and Nrf2 levels were positively related to the levels of SOD and GSH and negatively related to IL-1 beta and IL-6. Thus, FJACP improves the indices of antioxidant and anti-inflammation status by activating Keap1 and Nrf2 via the upregulation of miR-424 in the patients with T2DM. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-ONC-17011087 on 04/07/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfeng Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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125
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Khoshnam SE, Winlow W, Farzaneh M. The Interplay of MicroRNAs in the Inflammatory Mechanisms Following Ischemic Stroke. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:548-561. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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126
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Khoshnam SE, Winlow W, Farbood Y, Moghaddam HF, Farzaneh M. Emerging Roles of microRNAs in Ischemic Stroke: As Possible Therapeutic Agents. J Stroke 2017; 19:166-187. [PMID: 28480877 PMCID: PMC5466283 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2016.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability worldwide. The consequences of stroke injuries are profound and persistent, causing in considerable burden to both the individual patient and society. Current treatments for ischemic stroke injuries have proved inadequate, partly owing to an incomplete understanding of the cellular and molecular changes that occur following ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously expressed RNA molecules that function to inhibit mRNA translation and have key roles in the pathophysiological processes contributing to ischemic stroke injuries. Potential therapeutic areas to compensate these pathogenic processes include promoting angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Several miRNAs, and their target genes, are recognized to be involved in these recoveries and repair mechanisms. The capacity of miRNAs to simultaneously regulate several target genes underlies their unique importance in ischemic stroke therapeutics. In this Review, we focus on the role of miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as promising therapeutic agents in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - William Winlow
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italia.,Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Fathi Moghaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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127
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Maleki SN, Aboutaleb N, Souri F. Berberine confers neuroprotection in coping with focal cerebral ischemia by targeting inflammatory cytokines. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 87:54-59. [PMID: 28495517 PMCID: PMC5812778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Berberine reduces brain edema and infarct volume through regulation of inflammatory responses in focal cerebral ischemia. Berberine increases the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines after ischemic stroke. Berberine contributes to recovery of motor function after focal cerebral ischemia.
Scope Existing research indicates that anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of berberine play major roles in coping with oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, but it is not known if this isoquinoline alkaloid affects inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 10 in focal cerebral ischemia. Methods and results Male Wistar rats (10 weeks old) were treated with 40 mg/kg concentration of berberine 1 h after focal cerebral ischemia and the anti-inflammatory properties of berberine were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis, water content measure and behavioral tests. Evaluation of infarct volume was performed by TTC staining. Immunohistochemistry and behavioral assessment indicated recovery in treatment group compared to only ischemia group. The infarct volume decreased in treatment group compared to ischemia group. Berberine administration significantly decreased brain edema and contributed to the restoration of motor function. Moreover, berberine potently contributed to neuroprotection in motor area through downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions These findings confirm the validity of berberine as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Nasseri Maleki
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faramarz Souri
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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128
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Prasad KN. Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines may act as one of the signals for regulating microRNAs expression in Alzheimer’s disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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129
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Li L, Qi Q, Luo J, Huang S, Ling Z, Gao M, Zhou Z, Stiehler M, Zou X. FOXO1-suppressed miR-424 regulates the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by targeting FGF2 under oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42331. [PMID: 28186136 PMCID: PMC5301230 DOI: 10.1038/srep42331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as key regulators of the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our previous in vivo study and other in vitro studies using miRNA microarrays suggest that miR-424 is involved in the regulation of bone formation. However, the role and mechanism of miR-424 in bone formation still remain unknown. Here, we identified that the downregulation of miR-424 mediates bone formation under oxidative stress, and we explored its underlying mechanism. Our results showed that miR-424 was significantly downregulated in an anterior lumbar interbody fusion model of pigs and in a cell model of oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The overexpression of miR-424 inhibited proliferation and osteogenic differentiation shown by a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and osteogenic markers, including RUNX2 and ALP, whereas the knockdown of miR-424 led to the opposite results. Moreover, miR-424 exerts its effects by targeting FGF2. Furthermore, we found that FOXO1 suppressed miR-424 expression and bound to its promoter region. FOXO1 enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in part through the miR-424/FGF2 pathway. These results indicated that FOXO1-suppressed miR-424 regulates both the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via targeting FGF2, suggesting that miR-424 might be a potential novel therapeutic strategy for promoting bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China.,Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Qihua Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Jiaquan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Manman Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Maik Stiehler
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
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Vijayan M, Kumar S, Bhatti JS, Reddy PH. Molecular Links and Biomarkers of Stroke, Vascular Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 146:95-126. [PMID: 28253992 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a very common neurological disease, and it occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted and the subsequent shortage of oxygen and nutrients causes damage to the brain tissue. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability-adjusted life years. The occurrence of stroke increases with age, but anyone at any age can suffer a stroke. Stroke can be broadly classified in two major clinical types: ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke. Research also revealed that stroke, vascular dementia (VaD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) increase with a number of modifiable factors, and most strokes can be prevented and/or controlled through pharmacological or surgical interventions and lifestyle changes. The pathophysiology of stroke, VaD, and AD is complex, and recent molecular and postmortem brain studies have revealed that multiple cellular changes have been implicated, including inflammatory responses, microRNA alterations, and marked changes in brain proteins. These molecular and cellular changes provide new information for developing therapeutic strategies for stroke and related vascular disorders treatment. IS is the major risk factor for VaD and AD. This chapter summarizes the (1) links among stroke-VaD-AD; (2) updates the latest developments of research in identifying protein biomarkers in peripheral and central nervous system tissues; and (3) critically evaluates miRNA profile and function in human blood samples, animal, and postmortem brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vijayan
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
| | - S Kumar
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - J S Bhatti
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - P H Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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131
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Chandran R, Mehta SL, Vemuganti R. Non-coding RNAs and neuroprotection after acute CNS injuries. Neurochem Int 2017; 111:12-22. [PMID: 28131900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that various classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in normal state as well as the diseases of the CNS. Interestingly, ncRNAs have been shown to interact with messenger RNA, DNA and proteins, and these interactions could induce epigenetic modifications and control transcription and translation, thereby adding a new layer of genomic regulation. The ncRNA expression profiles are known to be altered after acute CNS injuries including stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury that are major contributors of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hence, a better understanding of the functional significance of ncRNAs following CNS injuries could help in developing potential therapeutic strategies to minimize the neuronal damage in those conditions. The potential of ncRNAs in blood and CSF as biomarkers for diagnosis and/or prognosis of acute CNS injuries has also gained importance in the recent years. This review highlighted the current progress in the understanding of the role of ncRNAs in initiation and progression of secondary neuronal damage and their application as biomarkers after acute CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendar Chandran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Ma Q, Zhao H, Tao Z, Wang R, Liu P, Han Z, Ma S, Luo Y, Jia J. MicroRNA-181c Exacerbates Brain Injury in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2016; 7:705-714. [PMID: 28053821 PMCID: PMC5198862 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-181 (miR-181) is highly expressed in the brain, and downregulated in miRNA expression profiles of acute ischemic stroke patients. However, the roles of miR-181c in stroke are not known. The clinical relevance of miR-181c in acute stroke patients was evaluated by real-time PCR and correlation analyses. Proliferation and apoptosis of BV2 microglial cells and Neuro-2a cells cultured separately or together under oxidative stress or inflammation were assessed with the Cell Counting Kit-8 and by flow cytometry, respectively. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in C57/BL6 mice, and cerebral infarct volume, microglia activation, and expression of pro-apoptotic factors were evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride staining, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting, respectively. Plasma levels of miR-181c were decreased in stroke patients relative to healthy individuals, and were positively correlated with neutrophil number and blood platelet count and negatively correlated with lymphocyte number. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment inhibited BV2 microglia proliferation without inducing apoptosis, while miR-181c reduced proliferation but increased the apoptosis of these cells with or without LPS/H2O2 treatment. LPS/H2O2 induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells co-cultured with BV2 cells, an effect that was potentiated by miR-181c. In the MCAO model, miR-181c agomir modestly increased infarct volume, markedly decreased microglia activation and B cell lymphoma-2 expression, and increased the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins in the ischemic brain. Our data indicate that miR-181c contributes to brain injury in acute ischemic stroke by promoting apoptosis of microglia and neurons via modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Ma
- 1Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; 2Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- 1Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; 4Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- 1Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; 4Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- 1Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; 4Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- 1Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University
| | - Ziping Han
- 1Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University
| | - Shubei Ma
- 1Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University
| | - Yumin Luo
- 1Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; 3Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; 4Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- 1Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; 2Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
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133
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Lu H, Wang B. SIRT1 exerts neuroprotective effects by attenuating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury via targeting p53/microRNA-22. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:208-216. [PMID: 27878231 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the SIRT1 exerts neuroprotective effects by attenuating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury (CIRI) via targeting p53/microRNA-22. We found that the overexpression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) decreased the infarct volume, suppressed p53 protein expression and activated microRNA-22 expression following CIRI. An injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/ml; Sigma, St. Louis, MO USA) into the corpus callosum was used to induce CIRI in rats. The infarct volume and neurological deficit score were used to examine the effects of SIRT1 on CIRI. Furthermore, the overexpression of SIRT1 was found to suppress caspase-3 activity, inhibit the activation of the Bax signaling pathway, reduce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6) activity, decrease cyclooxygenase (COX)‑2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, and increase IL-10 activity following CIRI. Following the downregulation of SIRT1, p53 protein expression was significantly increased, microRNA-22 expression was inhibited, caspase-3 activity was increased and the Bax signaling pathway was activated. In addition, the activity of TNF-α and IL-6 was was enhanced, COX-2 and iNOS protein expression was increased, and IL-10 activity was reduced following CIRI. Thus, the data from our study suggest that SIRT1 attenuates CIRI by targeting the p53/microRNA-22 axix, while suppressing apoptosis, inflammation, COX-2 and iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei 060000, P.R. China
| | - Bincheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
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134
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Jiao S, Zhu H, He P, Teng J. Betulinic acid protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1533-1537. [PMID: 27876208 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic lupane group triterpenoid, has been demonstrated to protect against ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal damage. However, the effects of BA on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain unclear. Hence, this study was to investigate the effects of BA on oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) induced neuronal injury in rat hippocampal neurons. Our results showed that BA pretreatment greatly attenuated OGD/R-induced neuronal injury. BA also inhibited OGD/R-induced intracellular ROS production and MDA level in rat hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, the down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax and the consequent activation of caspase-3 induced by OGD/R were reversed by BA pretreatment. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that BA pretreatment up-regulated the expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt in hippocampal neurons induced by OGD/R. Taken together, these data suggested that BA inhibits OGD/R-induced neuronal injury in rat hippocampal neurons through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Jiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hongcan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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135
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Lin B, Yu H, Lin Y, Cai C, Lu H, Zhu X. Suppression of GRASP65 phosphorylation by tetrahydrocurcumin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via ERK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4775-4780. [PMID: 27748926 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to investigate the involvement of Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 65 (GRASP65) and the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Cerebral I/R injury was induced using the Pulsinelli four‑vessel occlusion method. After 5 min of reperfusion, mice received THC (5, 10 or 25 mg/kg) or saline by intraperitoneal injection. After 24 h of reperfusion, mice underwent neurological evaluation. Infarct volumes were determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were measured in brain tissue homogenates. Expression of GRASP65, phosphorylated‑GRASP65, ERK and phosphorylated‑ERK was determined by western blotting. THC induced a dose‑dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of ERK and GRASP65. Thus, THC attenuated I/R injury‑induced activation of the ERK signaling pathway and reduced the phosphorylation of GRASP65. THC exhibited a dose‑dependent protective effect against cerebral I/R injury, mediated by suppression of the ERK signaling pathway and a subsequent reduction in GRASP65 phosphorylation. The current study provided new information in the research of the cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Changxing People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313100, P.R. China
| | - Heng Yu
- Department of Medicine, First Clinical Medicine School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Department of Medicine, Renji School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Medicine, First Clinical Medicine School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Huoquan Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changxing People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313100, P.R. China
| | - Xinbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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136
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Xu Z, Sharma M, Gelman A, Hachem R, Mohanakumar T. Significant role for microRNA-21 affecting toll-like receptor pathway in primary graft dysfunction after human lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 36:331-339. [PMID: 27773452 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were recently identified as modulators of immune responses after human lung transplantation (LTx). This study was undertaken to assess the contribution of miRNAs to the pathogenesis of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after LTx. METHODS Of the 39 recipients, 14 (35.9%) developed Grade 3 PGD (i.e., severe PGD) within the first 72 hours of LTx. The remaining 25 recipients (64.1%) had Grade 2 or less PGD, and served as the control group. miRNAs were isolated from cells purified by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Bioinformatic prediction and validation by luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify targets regulated by miR-21. Transfection of human monocytic cell line (THP-1) was conducted to determine miR-21's cellular function. RESULTS Pilot miRNA profiling of donor BAL samples before implantation in PGD (n = 6) revealed significant upregulation in 44 miRNAs and downregulation in 80 miRNAs compared with control (n = 6). Validation using a separate cohort demonstrated significant underexpression of miR-21 in patients with severe PGD. Furthermore, underexpression of miR-21 levels was negatively correlated with clinical PGD grades (Grade 2 PGD vs Grade 0 PGD: p = 0.042; Grade 3 PGD vs Grade 0 PGD: p = 0.004). Molecular analysis demonstrated that miR-21 targeted key components in the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, including TLR4, IRAK3 and CXCL10. Further, incubation of THP-1 cells with cell-free BAL from severe PGD resulted in transactivation of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In contrast, increased expression of miR-21 resulted in marked suppression of IL-1-β and TNF-α production. CONCLUSIONS Underexpression of miR-21 may lead to the development of severe PGD by activating key components of the TLR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Xu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Monal Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ramsey Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thalachallour Mohanakumar
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
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137
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Lopez MS, Dempsey RJ, Vemuganti R. Resveratrol preconditioning induces cerebral ischemic tolerance but has minimal effect on cerebral microRNA profiles. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1644-50. [PMID: 27323784 PMCID: PMC5012525 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16656202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of the plant-derived polyphenol resveratrol were established in multiple disease systems. Notably, pre-treatment with resveratrol was shown to be neuroprotective in several models of cerebral ischemia. Mechanisms of resveratrol-mediated neuroprotection have been explored in the context of canonical resveratrol targets, but epigenetic and non-coding RNA processes have not yet been evaluated. Resveratrol was shown to alter microRNAs in cancer and cardiac ischemia. Previous studies also showed that ischemic preconditioning that induces ischemic tolerance significantly alters cerebral microRNA levels, particularly those that target neuroprotective pathways. Therefore, we tested if resveratrol-mediated ischemic tolerance also alters microRNA expression with a goal to identify microRNAs that are amenable to manipulation to induce neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. Hence, we tested the microRNA profiles in mouse brain following intraperitoneal administration of resveratrol that induced significant tolerance against transient focal ischemia. We analyzed microRNA profiles using microarrays from both Affymetrix and LC Sciences that contain probes for all known mouse microRNAs. The results show that there is no consistent change in any of the microRNAs tested between resveratrol and vehicle groups indicating that microRNAs play a minimal role in resveratrol-mediated cerebral ischemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Lopez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Cellular & Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Cellular & Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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138
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Vijayan M, Reddy PH. Peripheral biomarkers of stroke: Focus on circulatory microRNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1984-93. [PMID: 27503360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world. Stroke occurs when blood flow stops, and that stoppage results in reduced oxygen supply to neurons in the brain. The occurrence of stroke increases with age, but anyone at any age can suffer from stroke. Recent research has implicated multiple cellular changes in stroke patients, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and changes in mRNA and proteins. Recent research has also revealed that stroke is associated with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Stroke can be controlled by modifiable risk factors, including diet, cardiovascular, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, depression and traumatic brain injury. Stroke is the major risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this article is to review the latest developments in research efforts directed at identifying 1) latest developments in identifying biomarkers in peripheral and central nervous system tissues, 2) changes in microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with stroke, 3) miRNA profile and function in animal brain, and 4) protein biomarkers in ischemic stroke. This article also reviews research investigating circulatory miRNAs as peripheral biomarkers of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Vijayan
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Ste. E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States.
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139
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Liu DZ, Jickling GC, Ander BP, Hull H, Zhan X, Cox C, Shroff N, Dykstra-Aiello C, Stamova B, Sharp FR. Elevating microRNA-122 in blood improves outcomes after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1374-83. [PMID: 26661204 PMCID: PMC4976655 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15610786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because our recent studies have demonstrated that miR-122 decreased in whole blood of patients and in whole blood of rats following ischemic stroke, we tested whether elevating blood miR-122 would improve stroke outcomes in rats. Young adult rats were subjected to a temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham operation. A polyethylene glycol-liposome-based transfection system was used to administer a miR-122 mimic after MCAO. Neurological deficits, brain infarction, brain vessel integrity, adhesion molecule expression and expression of miR-122 target and indirect-target genes were examined in blood at 24 h after MCAO with or without miR-122 treatment. miR-122 decreased in blood after MCAO, whereas miR-122 mimic elevated miR-122 in blood 24 h after MCAO. Intravenous but not intracerebroventricular injection of miR-122 mimic decreased neurological deficits and brain infarction, attenuated ICAM-1 expression, and maintained vessel integrity after MCAO. The miR-122 mimic also down-regulated direct target genes (e.g. Vcam1, Nos2, Pla2g2a) and indirect target genes (e.g. Alox5, Itga2b, Timp3, Il1b, Il2, Mmp8) in blood after MCAO which are predicted to affect cell adhesion, diapedesis, leukocyte extravasation, eicosanoid and atherosclerosis signaling. The data show that elevating miR-122 improves stroke outcomes and we postulate this occurs via downregulating miR-122 target genes in blood leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Cox
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Shroff
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Wang P, Liang X, Lu Y, Zhao X, Liang J. MicroRNA-93 Downregulation Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemic Injury Through the Nrf2/HO-1 Defense Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2627-2635. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang G, Yao J, Li Z, Zu G, Feng D, Shan W, Li Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Tian X. miR-34a-5p Inhibition Alleviates Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Apoptosis via Activation of SIRT1 Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:961-73. [PMID: 26935288 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and massive epithelial apoptosis are critical in the pathogenesis of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We previously found that the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated antioxidant pathway was impaired in the intestine after I/R. Here, we investigate the potential role of SIRT1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating ROS accumulation and apoptosis in intestinal I/R, and the important role SIRT1 involved in. RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to intestinal I/R induced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by reperfusion. Caco-2 cells were incubated under hypoxia/reoxygenation condition to mimic I/R in vivo. We find that SIRT1 is gradually repressed during the early reperfusion, and that this repression results in intestinal ROS accumulation and apoptosis. Using bioinformatics analysis and real-time PCR, we demonstrate that miR-34a-5p and miR-495-3p are significantly increased among the 41 putative miRNAs that can target SIRT1. Inhibition of miR-34a-5p, but not miR-495-3p, attenuates intestinal I/R injury, as demonstrated by repressing p66shc upregulation, manganese superoxide dismutase repression, and the caspase-3 activation in vitro and in vivo; it further alleviates systemic injury, as demonstrated by reducing inflammatory cytokine release, attenuating lung and liver lesions, and improving survival. Interestingly, SIRT1 plays an indispensable role in the protection afforded by miR-34a-5p inhibition. INNOVATION This study provides the first evidence of miRNAs in regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis in intestinal I/R. CONCLUSION miR-34a-5p knockdown attenuates intestinal I/R injury through promoting SIRT1-mediated suppression of epithelial ROS accumulation and apoptosis. This may represent a novel prophylactic approach to intestinal I/R injury. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 961-973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Zhenlu Li
- 1 Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Guo Zu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Dongcheng Feng
- 1 Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Wen Shan
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Yang Li
- 1 Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Yan Hu
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Yongfu Zhao
- 1 Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- 1 Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
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142
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Zhao H, Han Z, Ji X, Luo Y. Epigenetic Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2016; 7:295-306. [PMID: 27330844 PMCID: PMC4898926 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of stroke rises with life expectancy. However, except for the use of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, the translation of new therapies for acute stroke from animal models into humans has been relatively unsuccessful. Oxidative DNA and protein damage following stroke is typically associated with cell death. Cause-effect relationships between reactive oxygen species and epigenetic modifications have been established in aging, cancer, acute pancreatitis, and fatty liver disease. In addition, epigenetic regulatory mechanisms during stroke recovery have been reviewed, with focuses mainly on neural apoptosis, necrosis, and neuroplasticity. However, oxidative stress-induced epigenetic regulation in vascular neural networks following stroke has not been sufficiently explored. Improved understanding of the epigenetic regulatory network upon oxidative stress may provide effective antioxidant approaches for treating stroke. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic events, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs, that result from oxidative stress following experimental stroke in animal and cell models, and the ways in which epigenetic changes and their crosstalk influence the redox state in neurons, glia, and vascular endothelial cells, helping us to understand the foregone and vicious epigenetic regulation of oxidative stress in the vascular neural network following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhao
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ziping Han
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- 22Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; 3Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
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143
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Zhou S, Ding F, Gu X. Non-coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Neural Injury Responses and Regeneration. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:253-64. [PMID: 27037691 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large cluster of RNAs that do not encode proteins, but have multiple functions in diverse cellular processes. Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of ncRNAs in the physiology and pathophysiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been shown that numerous ncRNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are differentially expressed after insults such as acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. These ncRNAs affect neuronal survival, neurite regrowth, and glial phenotype primarily by targeting specific mRNAs, resulting in translation repression or degradation of the mRNAs. An increasing number of studies have investigated the regulatory roles of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neural injury and regeneration, and thus a new research field is emerging. In this review, we highlight current progress in the field in an attempt to provide further insight into post-transcriptional changes occurring after neural injury, and to facilitate the potential use of ncRNAs for improving neural regeneration. We also suggest potential directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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144
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Li P, Shen M, Gao F, Wu J, Zhang J, Teng F, Zhang C. An Antagomir to MicroRNA-106b-5p Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rats Via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2901-2921. [PMID: 27023223 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously observed that microRNA miR-106b-5p significantly increased in serum of patients with acute ischemic stroke. The present study was to determine whether miR-106b-5p antagomir can protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was operated on male Sprague Dawley rats. MiR-106b-5p antagomir significantly decreased neurological deficit scores, infarct volumes, and neuronal injury. Furthermore, miR-106b-5p antagomir markedly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increased the expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and decreased the expression of Bax in the ischemic cortex. In PC12 cells, miR-106b-5p inhibitor increased the Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 expression, which provided protection against glutamate-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage, as evidenced by decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and enhanced SOD activity. Notably, luciferase reported assay proved Mcl-1 was the target gene of miR-106b-5p. In conclusion, our data indicates that the neuroprotective effects of miR-106b-5p antagomir on cerebral I/R injury are associated with its inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meihong Shen
- The Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinping Wu
- Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengmeng Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China.
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145
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Lv YN, Ou-Yang AJ, Fu LS. MicroRNA-27a Negatively Modulates the Inflammatory Response in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Microglia by Targeting TLR4 and IRAK4. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:195-210. [PMID: 26971344 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
microRNA, a family of small non-coding RNA, plays significant roles in regulating gene expression, mainly via binding to the 3'-untranslated region of target genes. Although the role of miRNA in regulating neuroinflammation via the innate immune pathway has been studied, its role in the production of inflammatory mediators during microglial activation is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of miR-27a on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial inflammation. miR-27a expression was found to be rapidly decreased in microglia by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) after LPS stimulation. Over-expression of miR-27a significantly decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO), whereas knockdown of miR-27a increased the expression of these inflammatory factors. We also demonstrated by loss- and gain-of-function studies that miR-27a directly suppressed the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4)-a pivotal adaptor kinase in the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway-by directly binding their 3'-UTRs: knocking down TLR4 or IRAK4 in microglia significantly decreased TLR4 or IRAK4 expression and inhibited the downstream production of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β were regulated by IRAK4, whereas TNF-α and NO were more dependent on TLR4 activation. Thus, miR-27a might regulate the LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines in microglia independently of TLR4 and IRAK4. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-27a is associated with microglial activation and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Lv
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yongwai Street 17, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai-Jun Ou-Yang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yongwai Street 17, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Sheng Fu
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yongwai Street 17, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
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146
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Hu Z, Zhong B, Tan J, Chen C, Lei Q, Zeng L. The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1887-1905. [PMID: 26894397 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite great progresses in the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke, it is still among the leading causes of death and serious long-term disability all over the world, indicating that innovative neural regenerative and neuroprotective agents are urgently needed for the development of therapeutic approaches with greater efficacy for ischemic stroke. More and more evidence suggests that a spectrum of epigenetic processes play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. In the present review, we first discuss recent developments in epigenetic mechanisms, especially their roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Specifically, we focus on DNA methylation, histone deacetylase, histone methylation, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of vascular and neuronal regeneration after cerebral ischemia. Additionally, we highlight epigenetic strategies for ischemic stroke treatments, including the inhibition of histone deacetylase enzyme and DNA methyltransferase activities, and miRNAs. These therapeutic strategies are far from clinic use, but preliminary data indicate that neuroprotective agents targeting these pathways can modulate neural cell regeneration and promote brain repair and functional recovery after cerebral ischemia. A better understanding of how epigenetics influences the process and progress of cerebral ischemia will pave the way for discovering more sensitive and specific biomarkers and new targets and therapeutics for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bingwu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Lei
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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147
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Bang OY, Fujimura M, Kim SK. The Pathophysiology of Moyamoya Disease: An Update. J Stroke 2016; 18:12-20. [PMID: 26846756 PMCID: PMC4747070 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2015.01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular disease characterized by the progressive stenosis of large intracranial arteries and a hazy network of basal collaterals called moyamoya vessels. Because the etiology of MMD is unknown, its diagnosis is based on characteristic angiographic findings. Re-vascularization techniques (e.g., bypass surgery) are used to restore perfusion, and are the primary treatment for MMD. There is no specific treatment to prevent MMD progression. This review summarizes the recent advances in MMD pathophysiology, including the genetic and circulating factors related to disease development. Genetic and environmental factors may play important roles in the development of the vascular stenosis and aberrant angiogenesis in complex ways. These factors include the related changes in circulating endothelial/smooth muscle progenitor cells, cytokines related to vascular remodeling and angiogenesis, and endothelium, such as caveolin which is a plasma membrane protein. With a better understanding of MMD pathophysiology, nonsurgical approaches targeting MMD pathogenesis may be available to stop or slow the progression of this disease. The possible strategies include targeting growth factors, retinoic acid, caveolin-1, and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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148
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Prasad KN. Simultaneous activation of Nrf2 and elevation of antioxidant compounds for reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in human Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 153:41-7. [PMID: 26811881 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive research, neither the incidence nor the rate of progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has significantly changed. Some biochemical and genetic defects that initiate and promote AD include: (a) increased oxidative stress, (b) chronic inflammation (c) mitochondrial dysfunction, (d) Aß1-42 peptides generated from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), (e) proteasome inhibition, and (f) mutations in APP, presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 genes. Increased oxidative stress appears to precede other biochemical and genetic defects. Oxidative damage induces chronic inflammation. Therefore, reducing these defects simultaneously may reduce the development and progression of AD. Previous studies with individual antioxidants produced consistent benefits in animal models of AD; however, a similar approach produced inconsistent results in human AD. This review proposes a hypothesis that simultaneous elevation of the levels of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant compounds is necessary for optimally reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in human AD. Supplementation can enhance the levels of antioxidant compounds; but elevation of antioxidant enzymes requires activation of Nrf2. This review discusses activation and regulation of Nrf2. The need for multi- antioxidants that can affect multi-targets has been proposed without specific recommendations. This review proposes a micronutrient mixture that would simultaneously enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant compounds in human AD.
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149
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MicroRNA-25 Negatively Regulates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury-Induced Cell Apoptosis Through Fas/FasL Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 58:507-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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150
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Kim EH, Kim DH, Kim HR, Kim SY, Kim HH, Bang OY. Stroke Serum Priming Modulates Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Controlling the Expression miRNA-20a. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1489-99. [PMID: 26762119 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expanded with fetal bovine serum (FBS) has some limitations, including the requirement of a long culture period to obtain a sufficient amount of stem cells. Priming of MSCs with serum from patients with ischemic stroke (stroke serum) increased the proliferation rate and the neurorestorative capacity of MSCs. We hypothesized that this novel priming method increases the proliferation rate of MSCs via the regulation of microRNAs (miRs). Thus, we investigated miR profiling in stroke serum-primed MSCs and tested whether the regulation of certain miRs may affect the proliferation rate of rat MSCs. The proliferation rate of MSCs cultured with stroke serum was higher than that of MSCs cultured with normal serum or FBS. Using miR microarray analysis, we compared the miR expression profiles between MSCs cultured in FBS and in stroke serum. Among miRs associated with cell proliferation, miR-20a was most significantly increased. Similarly, miR-20a was increased in MSCs obtained from the bone marrow of stroke rats compared with MSCs from normal rats. Furthermore, the deregulation of miR-20a by the transfection of MSCs with pre-miR-20a or anti-miR-20a was significantly correlated with the increased proliferation rate of MSCs. The overexpression of miR-20a in MSCs cultured in FBS improved the proliferation rate, while the knockdown of endogenous miR-20a decreased the proliferation rate. In addition, miR-20a promoted proliferation by suppressing the expression of p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A). A dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that CDKN1A is a target of miR-20a. Our findings indicate that stroke serum priming upregulated the expression of miR-20a, which promoted MSC proliferation by regulating the cell cycle inhibitor p21 CDKN1A, and suggest the possible roles of priming methods in modulating the characteristics of MSCs by controlling the expression of miR in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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