101
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Leach S, Weick M. When smiles (and frowns) speak words: Does power impact the correspondence between self-reported affect and facial expressions? Br J Psychol 2020; 111:683-701. [PMID: 31899554 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Self-reported experiences are often poor indicators of outward expressions. Here we examine social power as a variable that may impact the relationship between self-reported affect and facial expressions. Earlier studies addressing this issue were limited by focusing on a single facial expression (smiling) and by using different, less sensitive methods that yielded mostly null results. Sampling, for the first time, self-reported affect repeatedly in response to different negative, neutral and positive stimuli, and measuring concurrent facial muscle activation via electromyography, we found that high power (vs. baseline) increased the correspondence between self-reported positive affect and smiling. There was also an indication that high power (vs. baseline) bolstered the association between self-reported negative affect and frowning but the effect did not pass more stringent criteria for significance (p ≤ .005) and was therefore deemed inconclusive. The prediction that low power (vs. baseline) decreases the correspondence between self-reported affect and smiling and frowning facial expressions was not supported. Taken together, it would appear that (high) power can impact the relationship between self-reported affect and facial expressions, but it remains to be seen whether this effect extends beyond smiling facial expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Weick
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, UK
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102
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Hua AY, Chen KH, Brown CL, Lwi SJ, Casey JJ, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Levenson RW. Physiological, behavioral and subjective sadness reactivity in frontotemporal dementia subtypes. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:1453-1465. [PMID: 31993653 PMCID: PMC7137727 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative disease broadly characterized by socioemotional impairments, includes three clinical subtypes: behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA). Emerging evidence has shown emotional reactivity impairments in bvFTD and svPPA, whereas emotional reactivity in nfvPPA is far less studied. In 105 patients with FTD (49 bvFTD, 31 svPPA and 25 nfvPPA) and 27 healthy controls, we examined three aspects of emotional reactivity (physiology, facial behavior and subjective experience) in response to a sad film. In a subset of the sample, we also examined the neural correlates of diminished aspects of reactivity using voxel-based morphometry. Results indicated that all three subtypes of FTD showed diminished physiological responding in respiration rate and diastolic blood pressure; patients with bvFTD and svPPA also showed diminished subjective experience, and no subtypes showed diminished facial behavior. Moreover, there were differences among the clinical subtypes in brain regions where smaller volumes were associated with diminished sadness reactivity. These results show that emotion impairments extend to sadness reactivity in FTD and underscore the importance of considering different aspects of sadness reactivity in multiple clinical subtypes for characterizing emotional deficits and associated neurodegeneration in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Hua
- Berkeley Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Kuan-Hua Chen
- Berkeley Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Casey L Brown
- Berkeley Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Sandy J Lwi
- Berkeley Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - James J Casey
- Berkeley Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Robert W Levenson
- Berkeley Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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103
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Himichi T, Ohtsubo Y. An inverted U-shaped relationship between heart rate deceleration and empathic emotions. Biol Psychol 2019; 150:107828. [PMID: 31790714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the high frequency component of heart rate variability is associated with empathic emotions (empathic concern and personal distress) negatively and quadratically-there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between tonic parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity and empathy. However, it is unclear whether the inverted U-shape also applies to the relationship between phasic PNS activity and empathic emotions. Therefore, the present study addressed this issue. Participants were asked to empathize with others' negative states (and neutral states as the control condition), followed by evaluating their own emotions. We measured the participants' cardiac activity during this task by electrocardiogram. Results revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between heart rate deceleration, which reflects phasic PNS activity, and subjective personal distress and empathic concern. These results suggest that moderate levels of phasic PNS activity are more strongly associated with personal distress and empathic concern than low or high levels of PNS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Himichi
- School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, 2-22 Eikokuji, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8515, Japan.
| | - Yohsuke Ohtsubo
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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104
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A Multichannel Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for the Detection of the State of Mind Using Physiological Signals from Wearable Devices. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2019; 2019:5397814. [PMID: 31687119 PMCID: PMC6794971 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5397814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Detection of the state of mind has increasingly grown into a much favored study in recent years. After the advent of smart wearables in the market, each individual now expects to be delivered with state-of-the-art reports about his body. The most dominant wearables in the market often focus on general metrics such as the number of steps, distance walked, heart rate, oximetry, sleep quality, and sleep stage. But, for accurately identifying the well-being of an individual, another important metric needs to be analyzed, which is the state of mind. The state of mind is a metric of an individual that boils down to the activity of all other related metrics. But, the detection of the state of mind has formed a huge challenge for the researchers as a single biosignal cannot propose a particular decision threshold for detection. Therefore, in this work, multiple biosignals from different parts of the body are used to determine the state of mind of an individual. The biosignals, blood volume pulse (BVP), and accelerometer are intercepted from a wrist-worn wearable, and electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG), and respiration are intercepted from a chest-worn pod. For the classification of the biosignals to the multiple state-of-mind categories, a multichannel convolutional neural network architecture was developed. The overall model performed pretty well and pursued some encouraging results by demonstrating an average recall and precision of 97.238% and 97.652% across all the classes, respectively.
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105
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Abstract
Research on stress and disease has often afforded an important role to emotion, typically conceptualized in broad categories (e.g., negative emotions), viewed as playing a causal role (e.g., anger contributing to pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease), and measured using self-report inventories. In this article, I argue for the value of evaluating specific emotions, considering bidirectional causal influences, and assessing actual emotional responding when considering the role that emotions play in the stress-disease relationship. In terms of specificity, specific emotions (e.g., anger, sadness, and embarrassment) can be linked with particular health outcomes (e.g., cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disease). In terms of bidirectionality, the influences of emotions on disease as well as the influences of disease on emotional functioning can be considered. In terms of assessing actual emotional responding, emotions can be studied in vivo under controlled conditions that allow behavioral, physiological, and subjective responses to be measured during different kinds of emotional functioning (e.g., responding to emotional stimuli, interacting with relationship partners, and downregulating emotional responses). With these considerations in mind, I review early theories and empirical studies in psychosomatic medicine that considered the role of specific emotions and emotion-related behaviors. Studies from our laboratory are presented that illustrate a) differences in patterns of autonomic nervous system responding associated with specific emotions, b) relationships between specific emotions and particular health outcomes in the context of social relationships, c) age as a moderator of the relationship between specific emotions and well-being, d) bidirectional influences (emotions influencing disease and disease influencing emotional functioning), and e) impact of changes in emotional functioning in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases on the health of familial caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Levenson
- From the Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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106
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Weil AS, Hernández GP, Suslow T, Quirin M. Implicit Affect and Autonomous Nervous System Reactions: A Review of Research Using the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1634. [PMID: 31379669 PMCID: PMC6646715 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In everyday life, affective processes occur spontaneously and typically go along with an automatic activation of action tendencies and physiological responses. Because self-reports of affect are also known to be biased by various factors, including deficits in introspection or impression management strategies, an indirect measure, the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT), was developed to assess implicit affect and to circumvent these difficulties. In this review, findings from neurobiological and clinical studies administering the IPANAT are revised, we focus on the link between implicit affect and psychophysiological reactions to affective stimuli and stressors. Specifically, implicit affect as measured by the IPANAT was found to predict cardiovascular, endocrine, and functional neuroimaging correlates of stress or fear beyond explicit affect. The present evidence strongly suggests the usage of implicit affect measures in future research on stress and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sophie Weil
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gina Patricia Hernández
- Stress and Health Research Group, Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Suslow
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Quirin
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,PFH Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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107
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Wass SV, Smith CG, Clackson K, Gibb C, Eitzenberger J, Mirza FU. Parents Mimic and Influence Their Infant's Autonomic State through Dynamic Affective State Matching. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2415-2422.e4. [PMID: 31303488 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
When we see someone experiencing an emotion, and when we experience it ourselves, common neurophysiological activity occurs [1, 2]. But although inter-dyadic synchrony, concurrent and sequential [3], has been identified, its functional significance remains inadequately understood. Specifically, how do influences of partner A on partner B reciprocally influence partner A? For example, if I am experiencing an affective state and someone matches their physiological state to mine, what influence does this have on me-the person experiencing the emotion? Here, we investigated this using infant-parent dyads. We developed miniaturized microphones to record spontaneous vocalizations and wireless autonomic monitors to record heart rate, heart rate variability, and movement in infants and parents concurrently in naturalistic settings. Overall, we found that infant-parent autonomic activity did not covary across the day-but that "high points" of infant arousal led to autonomic changes in the parent and that instances where the adult showed greater autonomic responsivity were associated with faster infant quieting. Parental responsivity was higher following peaks in infant negative affect than in positive affect. Overall, parents responded to increases in their child's arousal by increasing their own. However, when the overall arousal level of the dyad was high, parents responded to elevated child arousal by decreasing their own arousal. Our findings suggest that autonomic state matching has a direct effect on the person experiencing the affective state and that parental co-regulation may involve both connecting and disconnecting their own arousal state from that of the child contingent on context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vincent Wass
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK.
| | - Celia Grace Smith
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kaili Clackson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Caitlin Gibb
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Joan Eitzenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Farhan Umar Mirza
- School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8BH, UK
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108
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Credé S, Thrash T, Hölscher C, Fabrikant SI. The acquisition of survey knowledge for local and global landmark configurations under time pressure. SPATIAL COGNITION AND COMPUTATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2019.1569016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Credé
- Department of Geography, Geographic Information Visualization and Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tyler Thrash
- Department of Geography, Geographic Information Visualization and Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Humanities, Social and Political Science, Chair of Cognitive Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- Department of Humanities, Social and Political Science, Chair of Cognitive Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Irina Fabrikant
- Department of Geography, Geographic Information Visualization and Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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109
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Mosley E, Laborde S, Kavanagh E. The Contribution of Coping-Related Variables and Cardiac Vagal Activity on Prone Rifle Shooting Performance Under Pressure. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The aims of this study were to assess the predictive role of coping-related variables (CRV) on cardiac vagal activity (derived from heart rate variability), and to investigate the influence of CRV (and cardiac vagal activity) on prone rifle shooting performance under low pressure (LP) and high pressure (HP) conditions. Participants ( n = 38) competed in a shooting task under LP and HP. Cardiac vagal activity measurements were taken at baseline, task, and recovery for 5 min, alongside ratings of stress via a visual analogue scale. Upon task conclusion, self-report measures of motivation, stress appraisal, attention, perceived pressure, and trait CRV questionnaires (Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale [DSRS], Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale [MSRS], and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire [TEIQue]) were completed. Results indicated that task cardiac vagal activity was predicted by resting cardiac vagal activity and self-control in HP and LP. Post-task cardiac vagal activity was predicted by resting cardiac vagal activity in both conditions with the addition of a trait and state CRV in HP. Cardiac vagal reactivity, the change from resting to task, was predicted by resting cardiac vagal activity and self-control in LP and HP. Cardiac vagal recovery, the change from task to post-task, was predicted by a trait CRV in HP. Shooting performance was predicted by experience and cardiac vagal activity in LP and cardiac vagal activity and a trait in HP. Findings suggest both CRV and cardiac vagal activity influence cardiac vagal activity throughout a pressure task. Additionally, shooting performance directly influences cardiac vagal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mosley
- School of Sport Health and Social Sciences, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, UK
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- UFR STAPS – EA 4260, Normandie Université Caen, France
| | - Emma Kavanagh
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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110
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Steiger BK, Kegel LC, Spirig E, Jokeit H. Dynamics and diversity of heart rate responses to a disaster motion picture. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 143:64-79. [PMID: 31254545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emotions are dynamic neuropsychophysiological processes that guide behavior and serve as crucial signals during social interactions. Measuring their highly individual temporal dynamics is an unresolved challenge, but the coupling of autonomic and central nervous processes offers a promising approach. We present a feasible approach to study changes in heart rate during emotions and demonstrate a link to empathy. We investigated the interindividual similarity and temporal dynamics of heart rate responses to an emotive motion picture. Forty healthy participants watched "The Impossible" (109 min; Hermida Muñiz et al., 2012) while their heart rate was recorded. Interindividual concordance of heart rate responses was analysed using agglomerative hierarchical clustering analyses to distinguish response patterns throughout the movie and during six highly emotive scenes. This revealed multiple response patterns during emotive scenes. Second, we analysed how changes in heart rate are linked to self-reported empathy. We found that the extent of changes in heart rate is positively linked to trait and state empathy. During specific scenes, this relationship was only visible when individuals with homogeneous heart rate response patterns were observed, but not across discordant response patterns. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that heart rate responses to complex social stimuli are not uniform. Therefore, research should favour statistical procedures with the potential to detect interindividual differences. The approach presented in our study allows us to depict interindividual similarity and diversity in emotional autonomic responses and emphasizes the key role of empathy in emotional experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena C Kegel
- Swiss Epilepsy Centre, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hennric Jokeit
- Swiss Epilepsy Centre, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Neuroscience Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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111
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Working with gender and sexual minorities in the context of Islamic culture: a queer Muslim behavioural approach. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x19000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThere has been a large increase in the migration of Muslim populations towards the western world and the USA in the past decade. Many have migrated in the hope of finding a safe home away from war, persecution, or a better economic situation, with many coming from Afghanistan and Syria. Gender and sexual minorities (GSM), or individuals who are not heterosexual and do not identify with their sex assigned at birth, are disproportionately over-represented within migrating groups. While most of these individuals will not have received psychotherapy in their home countries, it is likely they would receive or be required to obtain psychological services as part of the asylum process or through psychoeducational services as a requirement to receive assistance. In exploring the specific needs of Muslim GSM individuals, we highlight the diverse impacts of minority stress, shame, and how these might be mitigated through the integration of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT). ACT and CFT may provide a helpful framework for a culturally adapted therapy that targets the needs of those experiencing intersectional Muslim and GSM identities, and can foster the cultivation of a meaningful life that can include all aspects of their identities.Key learning aims(1)To understand the context within which Muslim GSM individuals experience shame.(2)To learn to adapt an acceptance and compassion-based approach in working with GSM Muslim clients.(3)To describe how culturally competent hypotheses might inform case conceptualization with GSM Muslim clients.
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112
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Roy H, Wasylyshyn N, Spangler DP, Gamble KR, Patton D, Brooks JR, Garcia JO, Vettel JM. Linking Emotional Reactivity Between Laboratory Tasks and Immersive Environments Using Behavior and Physiology. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:54. [PMID: 30833895 PMCID: PMC6387949 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An event or experience can induce different emotional responses between individuals, including strong variability based on task parameters or environmental context. Physiological correlates of emotional reactivity, as well as related constructs of stress and anxiety, have been found across many physiological metrics, including heart rate and brain activity. However, the interdependances and interactions across contexts and between physiological systems are not well understood. Here, we recruited military and law enforcement to complete two experimental sessions across two different days. In the laboratory session, participants viewed high-arousal negative images while brain activity electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from the scalp, and functional connectivity was computed during the task and used as a predictor of emotional response during the other experimental session. In an immersive simulation session, participants performed a shoot-don't-shoot scenario while heart rate electrocardiography (ECG) was recorded. Our analysis examined the relationship between the sessions, including behavioral responses (emotional intensity ratings, task performance, and self-report anxiety) and physiology from different modalities [brain connectivity and heart rate variability (HRV)]. Results replicated previous research and found that behavioral performance was modulated within-session based on varying levels of emotional intensity in the laboratory session (t (24) = 4.062, p < 0.0005) and stress level in the simulation session (Z = 2.45, corrected p-value = 0.0142). Both behavior and physiology demonstrated cross-session relationships. Behaviorally, higher intensity ratings in the laboratory was related to higher self-report anxiety in the immersive simulation during low-stress (r = 0.465, N = 25, p = 0.019) and high-stress (r = 0.400, N = 25, p = 0.047) conditions. Physiologically, brain connectivity in the theta band during the laboratory session significantly predicted low-frequency HRV in the simulation session (p < 0.05); furthermore, a frontoparietal connection accounted for emotional intensity ratings during the attend laboratory condition (r = 0.486, p = 0.011) and self-report anxiety after the high-stress simulation condition (r = 0.389, p = 0.035). Interestingly, the predictive power of the brain activity occurred only for the conditions where participants had higher levels of emotional reactivity, stress, or anxiety. Taken together, our findings describe an integrated behavioral and physiological characterization of emotional reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Roy
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States
| | - Nick Wasylyshyn
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States
| | - Derek P Spangler
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States
| | - Katherine R Gamble
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States
| | - Debbie Patton
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States
| | - Justin R Brooks
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States
| | - Javier O Garcia
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jean M Vettel
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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113
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Emotional disclosure and emotion change during an expressive-writing task: Do pronouns matter? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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114
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Golland Y, Hakim A, Aloni T, Schaefer S, Levit-Binnun N. Affect dynamics of facial EMG during continuous emotional experiences. Biol Psychol 2018; 139:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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115
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Park S, Whang M. Infrared Camera-Based Non-contact Measurement of Brain Activity From Pupillary Rhythms. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1400. [PMID: 30364205 PMCID: PMC6192458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pupillary responses are associated with affective processing, cognitive function, perception, memory, attention, and other brain activities involving neural pathways. The present study aimed to develop a noncontact system to measure brain activity based on pupillary rhythms using an infra-red web camera. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and pupil imaging of 70 undergraduate volunteers (35 female, 35 male) were measured in response to sound stimuli designed to evoke arousal, relaxation, happiness, sadness, or neutral responses. This study successfully developed a real-time system that could detect an EEG spectral index (relative power: low beta in FP1; mid beta in FP1; SMR in FP1; beta in F3; high beta in F8; gamma P4; mu in C4) from pupillary rhythms using the synchronization phenomenon in harmonic frequency (1/100 f) between the pupil and brain oscillations. This method was effective in measuring and evaluating brain activity using a simple, low-cost, noncontact system, and may be an alternative to previous methods used to evaluate brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangin Park
- Industry-Academy Cooperation Team, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Whang
- Department of Intelligent Engineering Informatics for Human, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
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116
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Aycan Z, Shelia S. “Leadership? No, Thanks!” A New Construct: Worries About Leadership. EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/emre.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Aycan
- Department of Psychology and Department of ManagementKoç University Sariyer, Istanbul Turkey 34450
| | - Salome Shelia
- Department of PsychologyKoç University Sariyer, Istanbul Turkey 34450
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117
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Rempel JK, Burris CT, Fathi D. Hate: Evidence for a motivational conceptualization. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-018-9714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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118
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Zloteanu M, Krumhuber EG, Richardson DC. Detecting Genuine and Deliberate Displays of Surprise in Static and Dynamic Faces. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1184. [PMID: 30042717 PMCID: PMC6048358 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People are good at recognizing emotions from facial expressions, but less accurate at determining the authenticity of such expressions. We investigated whether this depends upon the technique that senders use to produce deliberate expressions, and on decoders seeing these in a dynamic or static format. Senders were filmed as they experienced genuine surprise in response to a jack-in-the-box (Genuine). Other senders faked surprise with no preparation (Improvised) or after having first experienced genuine surprise themselves (Rehearsed). Decoders rated the genuineness and intensity of these expressions, and the confidence of their judgment. It was found that both expression type and presentation format impacted decoder perception and accurate discrimination. Genuine surprise achieved the highest ratings of genuineness, intensity, and judgmental confidence (dynamic only), and was fairly accurately discriminated from deliberate surprise expressions. In line with our predictions, Rehearsed expressions were perceived as more genuine (in dynamic presentation), whereas Improvised were seen as more intense (in static presentation). However, both were poorly discriminated as not being genuine. In general, dynamic stimuli improved authenticity discrimination accuracy and perceptual differences between expressions. While decoders could perceive subtle differences between different expressions (especially from dynamic displays), they were not adept at detecting if these were genuine or deliberate. We argue that senders are capable of producing genuine-looking expressions of surprise, enough to fool others as to their veracity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Zloteanu
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva G Krumhuber
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C Richardson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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119
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Wass SV. How orchids concentrate? The relationship between physiological stress reactivity and cognitive performance during infancy and early childhood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:34-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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120
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Erdemir A, Walden TA, Jefferson CM, Choi D, Jones RM. The effect of emotion on articulation rate in persistence and recovery of childhood stuttering. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2018; 56:1-17. [PMID: 29443691 PMCID: PMC5963974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the possible association of emotional processes and articulation rate in pre-school age children who stutter and persist (persisting), children who stutter and recover (recovered) and children who do not stutter (nonstuttering). METHODS The participants were ten persisting, ten recovered, and ten nonstuttering children between the ages of 3-5 years; who were classified as persisting, recovered, or nonstuttering approximately 2-2.5 years after the experimental testing took place. The children were exposed to three emotionally-arousing video clips (baseline, positive and negative) and produced a narrative based on a text-free storybook following each video clip. From the audio-recordings of these narratives, individual utterances were transcribed and articulation rates were calculated. RESULTS Results indicated that persisting children exhibited significantly slower articulation rates following the negative emotion condition, unlike recovered and nonstuttering children whose articulation rates were not affected by either of the two emotion-inducing conditions. Moreover, all stuttering children displayed faster rates during fluent compared to stuttered speech; however, the recovered children were significantly faster than the persisting children during fluent speech. CONCLUSION Negative emotion plays a detrimental role on the speech-motor control processes of children who persist, whereas children who eventually recover seem to exhibit a relatively more stable and mature speech-motor system. This suggests that complex interactions between speech-motor and emotional processes are at play in stuttering recovery and persistency; and articulation rates following negative emotion or during stuttered versus fluent speech might be considered as potential factors to prospectively predict persistence and recovery from stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dahye Choi
- University of South Alabama, United States
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121
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Verastegui-Tena L, van Trijp H, Piqueras-Fiszman B. Heart rate and skin conductance responses to taste, taste novelty, and the (dis)confirmation of expectations. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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122
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Zantinge G, van Rijn S, Stockmann L, Swaab H. Concordance between physiological arousal and emotion expression during fear in young children with autism spectrum disorders. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:629-638. [PMID: 29595334 PMCID: PMC6463270 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318766439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure emotional expression and physiological arousal in response to fear in 21 children with autism spectrum disorders (43-75 months) and 45 typically developing children (41-81 months). Expressions of facial and bodily fear and heart rate arousal were simultaneously measured in response to a remote controlled robot (Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery). Heart rate analyses revealed a main effect of task from baseline to fear ( p < 0.001, ηp2 ), no interaction effect and no effect for group. In addition, children with autism spectrum disorder showed intact facial and bodily expressions of fearful affect compared to typically developing children. With regard to the relationship between expression and arousal, the results provided evidence for concordance between expression and arousal in typically developing children ( r = 0.45, n = 45, p < 0.01). For children with autism spectrum disorder, no significant correlation was found ( r = 0.20, n = 21, p = 0.38). A moderation analysis revealed no significant interaction between expression and arousal for children with and without autism spectrum disorder ( F(1, 62) = 1.23, p = 0.27, ηp2 ), which might be the result of limited power. The current results give reason to further study concordance between expression and arousal in early autism spectrum disorder. Discordance might significantly impact social functioning and is an important topic in light of both early identification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Zantinge
- 1 Leiden University, The Netherlands.,2 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van Rijn
- 1 Leiden University, The Netherlands.,2 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hanna Swaab
- 1 Leiden University, The Netherlands.,2 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands.,3 Rivierduinen, The Netherlands
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123
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Rosa LA. The High-Order and Conscious Emotion: Assessing the Foundations, Contributions, and Implications of LeDoux’s Model of Conscious and Cognitive Emotion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41470-018-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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124
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Perceived emotion genuineness: normative ratings for popular facial expression stimuli and the development of perceived-as-genuine and perceived-as-fake sets. Behav Res Methods 2018; 49:1539-1562. [PMID: 27928745 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-016-0813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In everyday social interactions, people's facial expressions sometimes reflect genuine emotion (e.g., anger in response to a misbehaving child) and sometimes do not (e.g., smiling for a school photo). There is increasing theoretical interest in this distinction, but little is known about perceived emotion genuineness for existing facial expression databases. We present a new method for rating perceived genuineness using a neutral-midpoint scale (-7 = completely fake; 0 = don't know; +7 = completely genuine) that, unlike previous methods, provides data on both relative and absolute perceptions. Normative ratings from typically developing adults for five emotions (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, and happiness) provide three key contributions. First, the widely used Pictures of Facial Affect (PoFA; i.e., "the Ekman faces") and the Radboud Faces Database (RaFD) are typically perceived as not showing genuine emotion. Also, in the only published set for which the actual emotional states of the displayers are known (via self-report; the McLellan faces), percepts of emotion genuineness often do not match actual emotion genuineness. Second, we provide genuine/fake norms for 558 faces from several sources (PoFA, RaFD, KDEF, Gur, FacePlace, McLellan, News media), including a list of 143 stimuli that are event-elicited (rather than posed) and, congruently, perceived as reflecting genuine emotion. Third, using the norms we develop sets of perceived-as-genuine (from event-elicited sources) and perceived-as-fake (from posed sources) stimuli, matched on sex, viewpoint, eye-gaze direction, and rated intensity. We also outline the many types of research questions that these norms and stimulus sets could be used to answer.
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125
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Edwards E, Shivaji S, Wupperman P. The Emotion Mapping Activity: Preliminary evaluation of a mindfulness-informed exercise to improve emotion labeling in alexithymic persons. Scand J Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29516501 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alexithymia is a psychoemotional trait associated with many treatment-resistant psychological and social difficulties. Research suggests that these difficulties stem primarily from an inability to appropriately apply linguistic labels to emotional experiences and content. The present research introduces and preliminarily evaluates a novel mindfulness-informed exercise to improve emotion-labeling ability in alexithymic persons. Based in culturally universal patterns of somatic experience, the Emotion Mapping Activity (EMA) directs alexithymic persons to reflect on their internal, somatic experiences as a source of information for interpreting and labeling emotional experiences. In the present study, 67 alexithymic persons completed a series of emotion-labeling tasks either with or without assistance of the EMA. Results suggest that completion of the EMA may improve ability to label emotions that would be otherwise misinterpreted - without interfering with labeling that is already intact. Though further research is necessary, the present study suggests that the EMA may hold the potential to be incorporated into psychotherapy protocols as an exercise for improving emotion-labeling ability in alexithymic clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Edwards
- CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA.,John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
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126
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Jürgens R, Fischer J, Schacht A. Hot Speech and Exploding Bombs: Autonomic Arousal During Emotion Classification of Prosodic Utterances and Affective Sounds. Front Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29541045 PMCID: PMC5836290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional expressions provide strong signals in social interactions and can function as emotion inducers in a perceiver. Although speech provides one of the most important channels for human communication, its physiological correlates, such as activations of the autonomous nervous system (ANS) while listening to spoken utterances, have received far less attention than in other domains of emotion processing. Our study aimed at filling this gap by investigating autonomic activation in response to spoken utterances that were embedded into larger semantic contexts. Emotional salience was manipulated by providing information on alleged speaker similarity. We compared these autonomic responses to activations triggered by affective sounds, such as exploding bombs, and applause. These sounds had been rated and validated as being either positive, negative, or neutral. As physiological markers of ANS activity, we recorded skin conductance responses (SCRs) and changes of pupil size while participants classified both prosodic and sound stimuli according to their hedonic valence. As expected, affective sounds elicited increased arousal in the receiver, as reflected in increased SCR and pupil size. In contrast, SCRs to angry and joyful prosodic expressions did not differ from responses to neutral ones. Pupil size, however, was modulated by affective prosodic utterances, with increased dilations for angry and joyful compared to neutral prosody, although the similarity manipulation had no effect. These results indicate that cues provided by emotional prosody in spoken semantically neutral utterances might be too subtle to trigger SCR, although variation in pupil size indicated the salience of stimulus variation. Our findings further demonstrate a functional dissociation between pupil dilation and skin conductance that presumably origins from their differential innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jürgens
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Affective Neuroscience and Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Fischer
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Schacht
- Department of Affective Neuroscience and Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
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127
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Yoo J, Miyamoto Y. Cultural fit of emotions and health implications: A psychosocial resources model. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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128
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Ganster DC, Crain TL, Brossoit RM. Physiological Measurement in the Organizational Sciences: A Review and Recommendations for Future Use. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Ganster
- Department of Management, College of Business, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Tori L. Crain
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Brossoit
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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129
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Goshvarpour A, Abbasi A, Goshvarpour A. An accurate emotion recognition system using ECG and GSR signals and matching pursuit method. Biomed J 2018; 40:355-368. [PMID: 29433839 PMCID: PMC6138614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of Matching Pursuit (MP) algorithm in emotion recognition. Methods Electrocardiogram (ECG) and galvanic skin responses (GSR) of 11 healthy students were collected while subjects were listening to emotional music clips. Applying three dictionaries, including two wavelet packet dictionaries (Coiflet, and Daubechies) and discrete cosine transform, MP coefficients were extracted from ECG and GSR signals. Next, some statistical indices were calculated from the MP coefficients. Then, three dimensionality reduction methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Kernel PCA were applied. The dimensionality reduced features were fed into the Probabilistic Neural Network in subject-dependent and subject-independent modes. Emotion classes were described by a two-dimensional emotion space, including four quadrants of valence and arousal plane, valence based, and arousal based emotional states. Results Using PCA, the highest recognition rate of 100% was achieved for sigma = 0.01 in all classification schemes. In addition, the classification performance of ECG features was evidently better than that of GSR features. Similar results were obtained for subject-dependent emotion classification mode. Conclusions An accurate emotion recognition system was proposed using MP algorithm and wavelet dictionaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Goshvarpour
- Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ataollah Abbasi
- Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ateke Goshvarpour
- Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
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130
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Smith Slep AM, Heyman RE, Mitnick DM, Lorber MF, Beauchaine TP. Targeting couple and parent-child coercion to improve health behaviors. Behav Res Ther 2017; 101:82-91. [PMID: 29108651 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This phase of the NIH Science of Behavior Change program emphasizes an "experimental medicine approach to behavior change," that seeks to identify targets related to stress reactivity, self-regulation, and social processes for maximal effects on multiple health outcomes. Within this framework, our project focuses on interpersonal processes associated with health: coercive couple and parent-child conflict. Diabetes and poor oral health portend pain, distress, expense, loss of productivity, and even mortality. They share overlapping medical regimens, are driven by overlapping proximal health behaviors, and affect a wide developmental span, from early childhood to late adulthood. Coercive couple and parent-child conflict constitute potent and destructive influences on a wide range of adult and child health outcomes. Such interaction patterns give rise to disturbed environmental stress reactivity (e.g., disrupted sympathetic nervous and parasympathetic nervous systems) and a wide range of adverse health outcomes in children and adults, including dental caries, obesity, and diabetes-related metabolic markers. In this work, we seek to identify/develop/validate assays assessing coercion, identify/develop and test brief interventions to reduce coercion, and test whether changes in coercion trigger changes in health behaviors.
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131
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132
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Xu Z, Zhu R, Shen C, Zhang B, Gao Q, Xu Y, Wang W. Selecting pure-emotion materials from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) by Chinese university students: A study based on intensity-ratings only. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00389. [PMID: 28920091 PMCID: PMC5576991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to use selected pictures with pure emotion as stimulation or treatment media for basic and clinical research. Pictures from the widely-used International Affective Picture System (IAPS) contain rich emotions, but no study has clearly stated that an emotion is exclusively expressed in its putative IAPS picture to date. We hypothesize that the IAPS images contain at least pure vectors of disgust, erotism (or erotica), fear, happiness, sadness and neutral emotions. Accordingly, we have selected 108 IAPS images, each with a specific emotion, and invited 219 male and 274 female university students to rate only the intensity of the emotion conveyed in each picture. Their answers were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Four first-order factors manifested as disgust-fear, happiness-sadness, erotism, and neutral. Later, ten second-order sub-factors manifested as mutilation-disgust, vomit-disgust, food-disgust, violence-fear, happiness, sadness, couple- erotism, female-erotism, male- erotism, and neutral. Fifty-nine pictures for the ten sub-factors, which had established good model-fit indices, satisfactory sub-factor internal reliabilities, and prominent gender-differences in the picture intensity ratings were ultimately retained. We thus have selected a series of pure-emotion IAPS pictures, which together displayed both satisfactorily convergent and discriminant structure-validities. We did not intend to evaluate all IAPS items, but instead selected some pictures conveying pure emotions, which might help both basic and clinical researches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicha Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chanchan Shen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingren Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - You Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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133
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Developmental changes in autonomic responses are associated with future reward/punishment expectations: A study of sympathetic skin responses in the Markov decision task. Brain Dev 2017; 39:573-582. [PMID: 28377150 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autonomic nervous system activity is recognized as a major component of emotional responses. Future reward/punishment expectations depend upon the process of decision making in the frontal lobe, which is considered to play an important role in executive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between autonomic responses and decision making during reinforcement tasks using sympathetic skin responses (SSR). METHODS Nine adult and 9 juvenile (mean age, 10.2years) volunteers were enrolled in this study. SSRs were measured during the Markov decision task (MDT), which is a reinforcement task. In this task, subjects must endure a small immediate loss to ultimately get a large reward. The subjects had to undergo three sets of tests and their scores in these tests were assessed and evaluated. RESULTS All adults showed gradually increasing scores for the MDT from the first to third set. As the trial progressed from the first to second set in adults, SSR appearance ratios remarkably increased for both punishment and reward expectations. In comparison with adults, children showed decreasing scores from the first to second set. There were no significant inter-target differences in the SSR appearance ratio in the first and second set in children. In the third set, the SSR appearance ratio for reward expectations was higher than that in the neutral condition. CONCLUSIONS In reinforcement tasks, such as MDT, autonomic responses play an important role in decision making. We assume that SSRs are elicited during efficient decision making tasks associated with future reward/punishment expectations, which demonstrates the importance of autonomic function. In contrast, in children around the age of 10years, the autonomic system does not react as an organized response specific to reward/punishment expectations. This suggests the immaturity of the future reward/punishment expectations process in children.
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134
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Autonomic responses to tonic pain are more closely related to stimulus intensity than to pain intensity. Pain 2017; 158:2129-2136. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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135
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Chen KH, Lwi SJ, Hua AY, Haase CM, Miller BL, Levenson RW. Increased subjective experience of non-target emotions in patients with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2017; 15:77-84. [PMID: 29457053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although laboratory procedures are designed to produce specific emotions, participants often experience mixed emotions (i.e., target and non-target emotions). We examined non-target emotions in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), other neurodegenerative diseases, and healthy controls. Participants watched film clips designed to produce three target emotions. Subjective experience of non-target emotions was assessed and emotional facial expressions were coded. Compared to patients with other neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls, FTD patients reported more positive and negative non-target emotions, whereas AD patients reported more positive non-target emotions. There were no group differences in facial expressions of non-target emotions. We interpret these findings as reflecting deficits in processing interoceptive and contextual information resulting from neurodegeneration in brain regions critical for creating subjective emotional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hua Chen
- Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-5050, United States
| | - Sandy J Lwi
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-5050, United States
| | - Alice Y Hua
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-5050, United States
| | - Claudia M Haase
- School of Education and Social Policy and (by courtesy) Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1207, United States
| | - Robert W Levenson
- Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-5050, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-5050, United States
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136
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Abstract
In this review, we examine the paradigms and measures available for experimentally studying mixed emotions in the laboratory. For eliciting mixed emotions, we describe a mixed emotions film library that allows for the repeated elicitation of a specific homogeneous mixed emotional state and appropriately matched pure positive, pure negative, and neutral emotional states. For assessing mixed emotions, we consider subjective and objective measures that fall into univariate, bivariate, and multivariate measurement categories. As paradigms and measures for objectively studying mixed emotions are still in their early stages, we conclude by outlining future directions that focus on the reliability, temporal dynamics, and response coherence of mixed emotions paradigms and measures. This research will build a strong foundation for future studies and significantly advance our understanding of mixed emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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137
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Moors A. Integration of Two Skeptical Emotion Theories: Dimensional Appraisal Theory and Russell's Psychological Construction Theory. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2017.1235900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Moors
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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138
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Eickers G, Loaiza JR, Prinz J. Embodiment, Context-Sensitivity, and Discrete Emotions: A Response to Moors. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2017.1255492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Eickers
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juan R. Loaiza
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesse Prinz
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
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139
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Mercado E, Hibel LC. I love you from the bottom of my hypothalamus: The role of stress physiology in romantic pair bond formation and maintenance. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2017; 11:e12298. [PMID: 30220909 PMCID: PMC6135532 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Monogamous pair bonds helped solve ancestral problems pertinent to our survival as a species. In order for these pair bonds to succeed, biological systems were co-opted to support and reinforce attachment bonds through feelings of pleasure and reward. One of the major biological systems that may play an important role in the formation of romantic attachments is the stress response system (autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis). Research suggests attraction, mate preference, and emotional connectedness may be supported by the activation or inhibition of the stress response system. Further, as romantic relationships progress, new findings suggest partners' physiological patterns coalesce, potentially serving a regulatory function that reinforces the pair bond and affects overall well-being. Based on this evidence, the current paper puts forth the Physiology of Romantic Pair Bond Initiation and Maintenance Model, which will provide researchers with a new perspective on the function of the stress response system in romantic relationships.
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140
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Comtesse H, Stemmler G. Fear and disgust in women: Differentiation of cardiovascular regulation patterns. Biol Psychol 2016; 123:166-176. [PMID: 27939702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Both fear and disgust facilitate avoidance of threat. From a functional view, however, cardiovascular responses to fear and disgust should differ as they prepare for appropriate behavior to protect from injury and infection, respectively. Therefore, we examined the cardiovascular responses to fear and contamination-related disgust in comparison to an emotionally neutral state induced with auditory scripts and film clips in female participants. Ten emotion and motivation self-reports and ninecardiovascular response factors derived from 23 cardiovascular variables served as dependent variables. Self-reports confirmed the specific induction of fear and disgust. In addition, fear and disgust differed in their cardiovascular response patterning. For fear, we observed specific increases in factors indicating vasoconstriction and cardiac pump function. For disgust, we found specific increases in vagal cardiac control and decreases in myocardial contractility. These findings provide support for the cardiovascular specificity of fear and disgust and are discussed in terms of a basic emotions approach.
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141
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Radanov B. Somatoforme Schmerzstörung, Fibromyalgie und chronisches Müdigkeitssyndrom aus psychosomatischer Sicht. MANUELLE MEDIZIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00337-016-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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142
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Wormwood JB, Neumann AE, Barrett LF, Quigley KS. Understanding emotion in context: how the Boston marathon bombings altered the impact of anger on threat perception. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of PsychologyNortheastern University
- Department of Psychiatry and the Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Karen S. Quigley
- Department of PsychologyNortheastern University
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital
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143
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Choi D, Conture EG, Walden TA, Jones RM, Kim H. Emotional Diathesis, Emotional Stress, and Childhood Stuttering. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2016; 59:616-30. [PMID: 27327187 PMCID: PMC5280059 DOI: 10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-14-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine (a) whether emotional reactivity and emotional stress of children who stutter (CWS) are associated with their stuttering frequency, (b) when the relationship between emotional reactivity and stuttering frequency is more likely to exist, and (c) how these associations are mediated by a 3rd variable (e.g., sympathetic arousal). METHOD Participants were 47 young CWS (M age = 50.69 months, SD = 10.34). Measurement of participants' emotional reactivity was based on parental report, and emotional stress was engendered by viewing baseline, positive, and negative emotion-inducing video clips, with stuttered disfluencies and sympathetic arousal (indexed by tonic skin conductance level) measured during a narrative after viewing each of the various video clips. RESULTS CWS's positive emotional reactivity was positively associated with percentage of their stuttered disfluencies regardless of emotional stress condition. CWS's negative emotional reactivity was more positively correlated with percentage of stuttered disfluencies during a narrative after a positive, compared with baseline, emotional stress condition. CWS's sympathetic arousal did not appear to mediate the effect of emotional reactivity, emotional stress condition, and their interaction on percentage of stuttered disfluencies, at least during this experimental narrative task following emotion-inducing video clips. CONCLUSIONS Results were taken to suggest an association between young CWS's positive emotional reactivity and stuttering, with negative reactivity seemingly more associated with these children's stuttering during positive emotional stress (a stress condition possibly associated with lesser degrees of emotion regulation). Such findings seem to support the notion that emotional processes warrant inclusion in any truly comprehensive account of childhood stuttering.
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144
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Kovacs M, Yaroslavsky I, Rottenberg J, George CJ, Kiss E, Halas K, Dochnal R, Benák I, Baji I, Vetró A, Makai A, Kapornai K. Maladaptive mood repair, atypical respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and risk of a recurrent major depressive episode among adolescents with prior major depression. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2109-2119. [PMID: 27198823 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171600057x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because depressive illness is recurrent, recurrence prevention should be a mainstay for reducing its burden on society. One way to reach this goal is to identify malleable risk factors. The ability to attenuate sadness/dysphoria (mood repair) and parasympathetic nervous system functioning, indexed as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), are impaired during depression and after it has remitted. The present study therefore tested the hypothesis that these two constructs also may mirror risk factors for a recurrent major depressive episode (MDE). METHOD At time 1 (T1), 178 adolescents, whose last MDE had remitted, and their parents, reported on depression and mood repair; youths' RSA at rest and in response to sad mood induction also were assessed. MDE recurrence was monitored until time 2 (T2) up to 2 years later. Mood repair at T1 (modeled as a latent construct), and resting RSA and RSA response to sadness induction (RSA profile), served to predict onset of first recurrent MDE by T2. RESULTS Consistent with expectations, maladaptive mood repair predicted recurrent MDE, above and beyond T1 depression symptoms. Further, atypical RSA profiles at T1 were associated with high levels of maladaptive mood repair, which, in turn, predicted increased risk of recurrent MDE. Thus, maladaptive mood repair mediated the effects of atypical RSA on risk of MDE recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This study documented that a combination of behavioral and physiological risk factors predicted MDE recurrence in a previously clinically referred sample of adolescents with depression histories. Because mood repair and RSA are malleable, both could be targeted for modification to reduce the risk of recurrent depression in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kovacs
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | | | | | - C J George
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,PA,USA
| | - E Kiss
- Szeged University,Hungary
| | | | | | | | - I Baji
- Szeged University,Hungary
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145
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Christensen J, Yoshie M, Di Costa S, Haggard P. Emotional valence, sense of agency and responsibility: A study using intentional binding. Conscious Cogn 2016; 43:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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146
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Christensen JF, Pollick FE, Lambrechts A, Gomila A. Affective responses to dance. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2016; 168:91-105. [PMID: 27235953 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was the characterization of mechanisms by which affective experiences are elicited in observers when watching dance movements. A total of 203 dance stimuli from a normed stimuli library were used in a series of independent experiments. The following measures were obtained: (i) subjective measures of 97 dance-naïve participants' affective responses (Likert scale ratings, interviews); and (ii) objective measures of the physical parameters of the stimuli (motion energy, luminance), and of the movements represented in the stimuli (roundedness, impressiveness). Results showed that (i) participants' ratings of felt and perceived affect differed, (ii) felt and perceived valence but not arousal ratings correlated with physical parameters of the stimuli (motion energy and luminance), (iii) roundedness in posture shape was related to the experience of more positive emotion than edgy shapes (1 of 3 assessed rounded shapes showed a clear effect on positiveness ratings while a second reached trend level significance), (iv) more impressive movements resulted in more positive affective responses, (v) dance triggered affective experiences through the imagery and autobiographical memories it elicited in some people, and (vi) the physical parameters of the video stimuli correlated only weakly and negatively with the aesthetics ratings of beauty, liking and interest. The novelty of the present approach was twofold; (i) the assessment of multiple affect-inducing mechanisms, and (ii) the use of one single normed stimulus set. The results from this approach lend support to both previous and present findings. Results are discussed with regards to current literature in the field of empirical aesthetics and affective neuroscience.
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147
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Lench HC, Tibbett TP, Bench SW. Exploring the Toolkit of Emotion: What Do Sadness and Anger Do for Us? SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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148
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Kon K, Hayakawa Y, Shimizu S, Nosaka T, Tsuruga T, Matsubara H, Nomura T, Murahara S, Haruna H, Ino T, Inagaki J, Kobayashi T. Development of an algorithm to predict comfort of wheelchair fit based on clinical measures. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2813-6. [PMID: 26504299 PMCID: PMC4616100 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm to predict the comfort of
a subject seated in a wheelchair, based on common clinical measurements and without
depending on verbal communication. [Subjects] Twenty healthy males (mean age: 21.5 ±
2 years; height: 171 ± 4.3 cm; weight: 56 ± 12.3 kg) participated in this study. [Methods]
Each experimental session lasted for 60 min. The clinical measurements were obtained under
4 conditions (good posture, with and without a cushion; bad posture, with and without a
cushion). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between
a visual analogue scale and exercise physiology parameters (respiratory and metabolism),
autonomic nervous parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, and salivary amylase level), and
3D-coordinate posture parameters (good or bad posture). [Results] For the equation
(algorithm) to predict the visual analogue scale score, the adjusted multiple correlation
coefficient was 0.72, the residual standard deviation was 1.2, and the prediction error
was 12%. [Conclusion] The algorithm developed in this study could predict the comfort of
healthy male seated in a wheelchair with 72% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kon
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hayakawa
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Shingo Shimizu
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nosaka
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuruga
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsubara
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nomura
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Shin Murahara
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Haruna
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Takumi Ino
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Jun Inagaki
- Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kobayashi
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
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149
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The neural basis of one's own conscious and unconscious emotional states. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 57:1-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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150
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Lane RD, Weihs KL, Herring A, Hishaw A, Smith R. Affective agnosia: Expansion of the alexithymia construct and a new opportunity to integrate and extend Freud's legacy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:594-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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