101
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Burke CG, Myers JR, Boule LA, Post CM, Brookes PS, Lawrence BP. Early life exposures shape the CD4 + T cell transcriptome, influencing proliferation, differentiation, and mitochondrial dynamics later in life. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11489. [PMID: 31391494 PMCID: PMC6686001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life environmental exposures drive lasting changes to the function of the immune system and can contribute to disease later in life. One of the ways environmental factors act is through cellular receptors. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is expressed by immune cells and binds numerous xenobiotics. Early life exposure to chemicals that bind the AHR impairs CD4+ T cell responses to influenza A virus (IAV) infection in adulthood. However, the cellular mechanisms that underlie these durable changes remain poorly defined. Transcriptomic profiling of sorted CD4+ T cells identified changes in genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, and metabolic pathways were associated with triggering AHR during development. Functional bioassays confirmed that CD4+ T cells from infected developmentally exposed offspring exhibit reduced proliferation, differentiation, and cellular metabolism. Thus, developmental AHR activation shapes T cell responsive capacity later in life by affecting integrated cellular pathways, which collectively alter responses later in life. Given that coordinated shifts in T cell metabolism are essential for T cell responses to numerous challenges, and that humans are constantly exposed to many different types of AHR ligands, this has far-reaching implications for how AHR signaling, particularly during development, durably influences T cell mediated immune responses across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Burke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - Jason R Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Boule
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - Christina M Post
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA.
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA.
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102
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Xie L, Huang Z, Li H, Liu X, Zheng S, Su W. IL-38: A New Player in Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080345. [PMID: 31387327 PMCID: PMC6723600 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38, a newly discovered IL-1 family cytokine, is expressed in several tissues and secreted by various cells. IL-38 has recently been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory function by binding to several receptors, including interleukin-36 receptor (IL-36R), interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL-1RAPL1), and interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) to block binding with other pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit subsequent signaling pathways; thereby regulating the differentiation and function of T cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Inflammatory autoimmune diseases, which are common immune-mediated inflammatory syndromes, are characterized by an imbalance between T helper cells (Ths), especially Th1s and Th17s, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Recent findings have shown that abnormal expression of IL-38 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren’s syndrome, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, hidradenitis suppurativa, ankylosing spondylitis, and glaucoma, involves Th1s, Th17s, and Tregs. In this review, the expression, regulation, and biological function of IL-38 are discussed, as are the roles of IL-38 in various inflammatory autoimmune disorders. Current data support that the IL-38/IL-36R and/or IL-38/IL-1RAPL1 axis primarily play an anti-inflammatory role in the development and resolution of inflammatory autoimmune diseases and indicate a possible therapeutic benefit of IL-38 in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zhaohao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Songguo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
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103
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Yang CS, Zhang QX, Deng Y, Zhou BJ, Zhang LJ, Li LM, Qi Y, Wang J, Yang L, Shi FD. Increased serum IL-36β and IL-36γ levels in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: association with disease activity. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:185. [PMID: 31382910 PMCID: PMC6681488 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin 36 (IL-36) cytokines belong to the IL-1 family and play an important role in some autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between IL-36 and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) remains unclear. Methods We determined serum IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ levels and assessed correlations with clinical characteristics in 50 NMOSD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC). Results The concentrations of serum IL-36β and IL-36γ were significantly higher in patients with NMOSD than in HCs and decreased during remission. Serum IL-36β levels were positively correlated with the annual relapse rate (ARR), spinal cord lesion length and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. Conclusions Serum IL-36β and IL-36γ levels were related to disease activity in NMOSD patients and may be important biomarkers of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Qiu Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bing Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, No 65 The Third Road, Tianjin Economic Technological Development Area, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Lin Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Li Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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104
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Spondyloarthritis: new insights into clinical aspects, translational immunology and therapeutics. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2019; 30:526-532. [PMID: 29889692 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The spondyloarthopathies (SpA), which encompass related diseases that were originally viewed as autoimmune, are now known to have a strong innate immune or autoinflammatory initiation phase characterized by disease localization to tissue-specific sites based on the nuances and microanatomy and immunology of those sites. This review covers recent translational advances in the field of SpA. RECENT FINDINGS Imaging studies in SpA continue to add support for the pivotal role of enthesitis in disease initiation and expression. Although in its infancy, there is growing evidence for microbiotal intestinal dysbiosis in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. The role of cytokines beyond tumour necrosis factor (TNF) continues to grow with support for the interleukin (IL)-23/17 axis being key to disease and emergent evidence for the importance of the IL-36 pathway. The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with vedolizumab an α4β7-integrin blocker has been associated with arthritis flares and small molecules with Janus kinase inhibition appear to be as effective as the anti-TNFs. The disparate response of different domains in SpA points towards immunological heterogeneity even within what was considered a homogeneous disease. SUMMARY The clinical aspects and translational immunology and therapeutics of SpA continue to evolve and indicate the complexity of diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
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105
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Wooff Y, Man SM, Aggio-Bruce R, Natoli R, Fernando N. IL-1 Family Members Mediate Cell Death, Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1618. [PMID: 31379825 PMCID: PMC6646526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation underpins and contributes to the pathogenesis of many retinal degenerative diseases. The recruitment and activation of both resident microglia and recruited macrophages, as well as the production of cytokines, are key contributing factors for progressive cell death in these diseases. In particular, the interleukin 1 (IL-1) family consisting of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines has been shown to be pivotal in the mediation of innate immunity and contribute directly to a number of retinal degenerations, including Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In this review, we will discuss the role of IL-1 family members and inflammasome signaling in retinal degenerative diseases, piecing together their contribution to retinal disease pathology, and identifying areas of research expansion required to further elucidate their function in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Wooff
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nilisha Fernando
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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106
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Madonna S, Girolomoni G, Dinarello CA, Albanesi C. The Significance of IL-36 Hyperactivation and IL-36R Targeting in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3318. [PMID: 31284527 PMCID: PMC6650959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease that involves mainly T helper (Th)17, Th1 and Th22 lymphocytes, which cause hyper-proliferation of the epidermis with aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes, and local production of chemokines and cytokines. These fuel a self-amplifying loop where these products act on T cells to perpetuate cutaneous inflammatory processes. Among the various inflammatory mediators involved, interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are important for the recruitment and activation of neutrophils and Th17 cells in psoriatic skin. In particular, IL-36s induce chemokines and cytokines interfere with differentiation/cornification programs in the epidermis, as well as promote pathological angiogenesis and endothelial cell activation. IL-36 cytokines belong to the IL-1 family, and comprise IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ agonists as well as IL-36 receptor antagonist and IL-38 antagonists. IL-36 cytokines are up-regulated in psoriatic epidermis, and their expression is strongly induced by TNF-α and IL-17. Contrarily, IL-38 antagonist is downregulated, and its impaired expression may be relevant to the dysregulated inflammatory processes induced by IL-36. Here, we discuss on the pathogenic mechanisms leading to the altered balance of IL-36 agonists/antagonists and the significance of this dysregulation in psoriasis. Collection of the information will provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on IL-36 agonist/antagonist manipulation in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, P.zza Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver 80045, Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
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107
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Zhu J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen J, Li X, Liu X, Kong E, Su SB, Zhang Z. The Effect of Interleukin 38 on Inflammation-induced Corneal Neovascularization. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:589-596. [PMID: 31244436 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190627122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is tightly linked to inflammation. Cytokines of interleukin 1 (IL-1) family are key mediators in modulating inflammatory responses. METHODS In this study, we examined the role of IL-38, a member of the IL-1 family, in mediating inflammation-induced angiogenesis. RESULTS The results showed that the angiogenesis was attenuated by topical administration of IL-38 to the injured corneas in a mouse model of alkali-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV). Further study showed that the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β was decreased in the IL-38-treated corneas. Moreover, the angiogenic activities including the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human retinal endothelial cells were reduced by IL-38 treatment in vitro. CONCLUSION The data indicate that IL-38 modulates inflammation-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Science and Technology Library (Guangdong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information and Development Strategy), China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
| | - Xiangling Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
| | - Shao B Su
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
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108
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Gao Y, Wen Q, Hu S, Zhou X, Xiong W, Du X, Zhang L, Fu Y, Yang J, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu H, Huang Y, Ma L. IL-36γ Promotes Killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Macrophages via WNT5A-Induced Noncanonical WNT Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:922-935. [PMID: 31235551 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily infects mononuclear phagocytes, remains the leading bacterial cause of enormous morbidity and mortality because of bacterial infections in humans throughout the world. The IL-1 family of cytokines is critical for host resistance to M. tuberculosis As a newly discovered subgroup of the IL-1 family, although IL-36 cytokines have been proven to play roles in protection against M. tuberculosis infection, the antibacterial mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that IL-36γ conferred to human monocyte-derived macrophages bacterial resistance through activation of autophagy as well as induction of WNT5A, a reported downstream effector of IL-1 involved in several inflammatory diseases. Further studies showed that WNT5A could enhance autophagy of monocyte-derived macrophages by inducing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and in turn decrease phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR via noncanonical WNT signaling. Consistently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of IL-36γ function are also mediated by the COX-2/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. Altogether, our findings reveal a novel activity for IL-36γ as an inducer of autophagy, which represents a critical inflammatory cytokine that control the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Gao
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shengfeng Hu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xialin Du
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuling Fu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanfen Li
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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109
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Fields JK, Günther S, Sundberg EJ. Structural Basis of IL-1 Family Cytokine Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1412. [PMID: 31281320 PMCID: PMC6596353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines are key signaling molecules in both the innate and adaptive immune systems, mediating inflammation in response to a wide range of stimuli. The basic mechanism of signal initiation is a stepwise process in which an agonist cytokine binds its cognate receptor. Together, this cytokine-receptor complex recruits an often-common secondary receptor. Intracellularly, the Toll/IL-1 Receptor (TIR) domains of the two receptors are brought into close proximity, initiating an NF-κB signal transduction cascade. Due to the potent inflammatory response invoked by IL-1 family cytokines, several physiological mechanisms exist to inhibit IL-1 family signaling, including antagonist cytokines and decoy receptors. The numerous cytokines and receptors in the IL-1 superfamily are further classified into four subfamilies, dependent on their distinct cognate receptors—the IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 subfamilies share IL-1RAcP as their secondary receptor, while IL-18 subfamily utilizes a distinct secondary receptor. Here, we describe how structural biology has informed our understanding of IL-1 family cytokine signaling, with a particular focus on molecular mechanisms of signaling complex formation and antagonism at the atomic level, as well as how these findings have advanced therapeutics to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases that are the result of dysregulated IL-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Fields
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Program in Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Eric J Sundberg
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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110
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McEntee CP, Finlay CM, Lavelle EC. Divergent Roles for the IL-1 Family in Gastrointestinal Homeostasis and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1266. [PMID: 31231388 PMCID: PMC6568214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract are a major cause of morbidity and significant burden from a health and economic perspective in industrialized countries. While the incidence of such conditions has a strong environmental component, in particular dietary composition, epidemiological studies have identified specific hereditary mutations which result in disequilibrium between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. The IL-1 super-family of cytokines and receptors is highly pleiotropic and plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of several auto-inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. However, the role of this super-family in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases remains incompletely resolved despite extensive research. Herein, we highlight the currently accepted paradigms as they pertain to specific IL-1 family members and focus on some recently described non-classical roles for these pathways in the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, we address some of the shortcomings and sources of variance in the field which to date have yielded several conflicting results from similar studies and discuss the potential effect of these factors on data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P McEntee
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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111
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Ohko K, Nakajima K, Kataoka S, Takaishi M, Sano S. IL-36 Signaling Is Essential for Psoriatic Inflammation through the Augmentation of Innate Immune Responses. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1400-1404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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112
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Xu MM, Murphy PA, Vella AT. Activated T-effector seeds: cultivating atherosclerotic plaque through alternative activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1354-H1365. [PMID: 30925075 PMCID: PMC6620674 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00148.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory pathology that precipitates substantial morbidity and mortality. Although initiated by physiological patterns of low and disturbed flow that differentially prime endothelial cells at sites of vessel branch points and curvature, the chronic, smoldering inflammation of atherosclerosis is accelerated by comorbidities involving inappropriate activation of the adaptive immune system, such as autoimmunity. The innate contributions to atherosclerosis, especially in the transition of monocyte to lipid-laden macrophage, are well established, but the mechanisms underpinning the infiltration, persistence, and effector dynamics of CD8 T cells in particular are not well understood. Adaptive immunity is centered on a classical cascade of antigen recognition and activation, costimulation, and effector cytokine secretion upon recall of antigen. However, chronic inflammation can generate alternative cues that supplant this behavior pattern and promote the retention and activation of peripherally activated T cells. Furthermore, the atherogenic foci that activated immune cell infiltrate are unique lipid-laden environments that offer a diverse array of stimuli, including those of survival, antigen hyporesponsiveness, and inflammatory cytokine expression. This review will focus on how known cardiovascular comorbidities may be influencing CD8 T-cell activation and how, once infiltrated within atherogenic foci, these T cells face a multitude of cues that skew the classical cascade of T-cell behavior, highlighting alternative modes of activation that may help contextualize associations of autoimmunity, viral infection, and immunotherapy with cardiovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
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113
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Buhl AL, Wenzel J. Interleukin-36 in Infectious and Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1162. [PMID: 31191535 PMCID: PMC6545975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-36 (IL-36) comprises to a cytokine family consisting of four isoforms IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36 Ra). These IL-36 cytokines, in turn, belong to the IL-1 superfamily. The IL-36 receptor (IL-1R6) is functional as a heterodimer formed of IL-1R6 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ are regarded as pro-inflammatory ligands and IL-36 Ra as well as IL-38 as anti-inflammatory ligands of IL-1R6. IL-36 cytokines are mainly expressed on the barrier sites of the body e.g., bronchial, intestinal, and dermal epithelium. One of their most important biological functions is the bridging of innate and adaptive immune responses. A disturbed balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory branches easily leads to inflammation of the corresponding tissue. The most prominent example for an altered IL-36 expression is the spectrum of psoriasis. In addition to inflammatory dermatoses, IL-36 also seems to play a role in infectious dermatoses. Microbial triggers, especially Staphylococcus aureus infection, increase the production of pro-inflammatory IL-36 cytokines and initiate/promote the inflammation of skin lesions. Due to the discovery of IL-36 as an important immune mediator, it has already been possible to develop important diagnostic tools for dermatitis. Not only in the field of inflammatory skin diseases, but also in pulmonary and intestinal inflammation, there is evidence that IL-36 cytokines might have diagnostic and/or therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Buhl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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114
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Designed DNA-Encoded IL-36 Gamma Acts as a Potent Molecular Adjuvant Enhancing Zika Synthetic DNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity and Protection in a Lethal Challenge Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7020042. [PMID: 31121939 PMCID: PMC6632123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel molecular adjuvants which can boost and enhance vaccine-mediated immunity and provide dose-sparing potential against complex infectious diseases and for immunotherapy in cancer is likely to play a critical role in the next generation of vaccines. Given the number of challenging targets for which no or only partial vaccine options exist, adjuvants that can address some of these concerns are in high demand. Here, we report that a designed truncated Interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36 gamma) encoded plasmid can act as a potent adjuvant for several DNA-encoded vaccine targets including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and Zika in immunization models. We further show that the truncated IL-36 gamma (opt-36γt) plasmid provides improved dose sparing as it boosts immunity to a suboptimal dose of a Zika DNA vaccine, resulting in potent protection against a lethal Zika challenge.
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115
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IL-36 Cytokines: Regulators of Inflammatory Responses and Their Emerging Role in Immunology of Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071649. [PMID: 30987081 PMCID: PMC6479377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines has been recently described as part of the IL-1 superfamily. It comprises three pro-inflammatory agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ), their receptor (IL-36R), and one antagonist (IL-36Ra). Although expressed in a variety of cells, the biological relevance of IL-36 cytokines is most evident in the communication between epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, which constitute the common triad responsible for the initiation, maintenance, and expansion of inflammation. The immunological role of IL-36 cytokines was initially described in studies of psoriasis, but novel evidence demonstrates their involvement in further immune and inflammatory processes in physiological and pathological situations. Preliminary studies have reported a dynamic expression of IL-36 cytokines in the female reproductive tract throughout the menstrual cycle, as well as their association with the production of immune mediators and cellular recruitment in the vaginal microenvironment contributing to host defense. In pregnancy, alteration of the placental IL-36 axis has been reported upon infection and pre-eclampsia suggesting its pivotal role in the regulation of maternal immune responses. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the regulatory mechanisms and biological actions of IL-36 cytokines, their participation in different inflammatory conditions, and the emerging data on their potential role in normal and complicated pregnancies.
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116
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IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 Cytokines in Skin and Joint Inflammation: A Comprehensive Review of Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061257. [PMID: 30871134 PMCID: PMC6470667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines is composed of 11 members, including the most recently discovered IL-36α, β, γ, IL-37, and IL-38. Similar to IL-1, IL-36 cytokines are initiators and amplifiers of inflammation, whereas both IL-37 and IL-38 display anti-inflammatory activities. A few studies have outlined the role played by these cytokines in several inflammatory diseases. For instance, IL-36 agonists seem to be relevant for the pathogenesis of skin psoriasis whereas, despite being expressed within the synovial tissue, their silencing or overexpression do not critically influence the course of arthritis in mice. In this review, we will focus on the state of the art of the molecular features and biological roles of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in representative skin- and joint-related inflammatory diseases, namely psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis. We will then offer an overview of the therapeutic potential of targeting the IL-36 axis in these diseases, either by blocking the proinflammatory agonists or enhancing the physiologic inhibitory feedback on the inflammation mediated by the antagonists IL-37 and IL-38.
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117
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Heath JE, Scholz GM, Veith PD, Reynolds EC. IL-36γ regulates mediators of tissue homeostasis in epithelial cells. Cytokine 2019; 119:24-31. [PMID: 30856602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-36 cytokines are critical regulators of mucosal inflammation and homeostasis. IL-36γ regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial proteins by gingival epithelial cells (e.g. TIGK cells). Here, we show that IL-36γ also regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), important mediators of antimicrobial immunity and tissue homeostasis in mucosal epithelia. MMP9 and NGAL were not similarly induced by IL-17 or IL-22, thus indicating the importance of IL-36γ in the regulation of MMP9 and NGAL. Mechanistically, MMP9 and NGAL expression was demonstrated to be induced in an IRAK1- and NF-κB-dependent manner. Furthermore, signaling by p38 MAP kinase may enable their expression to be independently regulated by IL-36γ. The stronger IL-36γ-inducible expression of MMP9 and NGAL in terminally differentiating TIGK cells suggests that control of their expression is associated with the maturation of the gingival epithelium. Although MMP9 and NGAL expression in epithelial cells can also be induced by bacteria, their expression in TIGK cells was not induced by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, most likely due to antagonism by the gingipain proteinase virulence factors. This study advances our understanding of how IL-36γ may promote oral mucosal immunity and tissue homeostasis, and how this may be dysregulated by bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Heath
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen M Scholz
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Paul D Veith
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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118
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Song Y, Zhu M, Liu C, Zheng C, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Jin T. Interleukin-36 alpha levels are elevated in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and correlate with disease activity. Immunobiology 2019; 224:397-401. [PMID: 30852049 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory neurological disease characterized by longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and optic neuritis. Interleukin (IL)-36 is a novel cytokine of the IL-1 family that is involved in the development of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-36α in NMOSD. We retrospectively collected 73 patients, who fulfilled the 2015 criteria for NMOSD diagnosis and were admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First Hospital of Jilin University from 2015 to 2016. Fifty age and gender matched patients with non-inflammatory neurological disorders (ONNDs) were collected in the same period and served as controls. Neurological function was evaluated by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). All participants were assessed for the annual relapse rate (ARR). Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained and the levels of IL-36α in the serum and CSF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-36α levels in serum and CSF were found to be significantly increased in patients with NMOSD compared to those in the controls. Furthermore, IL-36α levels in both serum and CSF were positively correlated with the EDSS score. CSF IL-36α levels were positively correlated with CSF leukocyte counts, protein concentration and immunoglobulin IgG. Our results suggest that IL-36α may be a novel biomarker for monitoring disease severity in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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119
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Vasanthakumar A, Kallies A. Interleukin (IL)-33 and the IL-1 Family of Cytokines-Regulators of Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028506. [PMID: 29101106 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play an integral role in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. Members of the interleukin (IL)-1 family regulate a plethora of immune-cell-mediated processes, which include pathogen defense and tissue homeostasis. Notably, the IL-1 family cytokine IL-33 promotes adaptive and innate type 2 immune responses, confers viral protection and facilitates glucose metabolism and tissue repair. At the cellular level, IL-33 stimulates differentiation, maintenance, and function of various immune cell types, including regulatory T cells, effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Other IL-1 family members, such as IL-1β and IL-18 promote type 1 responses, while IL-37 limits immune activation. Although IL-1 cytokines play critical roles in immunity and tissue repair, their deregulated expression is often linked to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, IL-1 cytokines are regulated tightly by posttranscriptional mechanisms and decoy receptors. In this review, we discuss the biology and function of IL-1 family cytokines, with a specific focus on regulation and function of IL-33 in immune and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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120
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Xu W, Xu Z, Huang L, Qin EQ, Zhang JL, Zhao P, Tu B, Shi L, Li WG, Chen WW. Transcriptome Sequencing Identifies Novel Immune Response Genes Highly Related to the Severity of Human Adenovirus Type 55 Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:130. [PMID: 30787914 PMCID: PMC6372566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55) is considered a highly virulent pathogen causing severe and even deadly pneumonia in immunocompetent people. The mechanisms of HAdV-55-induced initiation and progression of severe pneumonia remain ambiguous. In the current study, we endeavored to identify novel immune response genes which are substantially involved in the pathogenesis of severe inflammation in HAdV-55-infected patients. HAdV-55-infected patients with upper respiratory tract symptoms (minor patients) and pneumonia (severe patients) were enrolled. Through transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients were analyzed. We found that the expression of eight genes, including Il18, Il36b, Il17rc, Tnfsf10, Tnfsf11, Tnfsf14, Tnfsf15, and Il1a, were closely correlated with the severity of HAdV-55 infection. Most of these genes belong to interleukin-1 family or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, respectively. The changes in gene expression were confirmed by Western blot assay. Our data will be crucial for deepening the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of severe pneumonia in HAdV-55 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - En-Qiang Qin
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Li Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Gang Li
- Radiation Oncology Center, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
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121
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Su Z, Paulsboe S, Wetter J, Salte K, Kannan A, Mathew S, Horowitz A, Gerstein C, Namovic M, Todorović V, Seagal J, Edelmayer RM, Viner M, Rinaldi L, Zhou L, Leys L, Huang S, Wang L, Sadhukhan R, Honore P, McGaraughty S, Scott VE. IL-36 receptor antagonistic antibodies inhibit inflammatory responses in preclinical models of psoriasiform dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:113-120. [PMID: 30417427 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) results from activation of IL-23/Th17 immune pathway and is further amplified by cytokines/chemokines from skin cells. Among skin-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-36 family members are highly upregulated in PV patients and play a critical role in general pustular psoriasis. However, there is limited data showing crosstalk between the IL-23 and IL-36 pathways in PV. Herein, potential attenuation of skin inflammation in the IL-23-induced mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis by functional inhibition of IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) was interrogated. Anti-mouse IL-36R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated and validated in vitro by inhibiting IL-36α-induced secretion of CXCL1 from NIH 3T3 cells. Antibody target engagement was demonstrated by inhibition of CXCL1 production in a novel acute model of IL-36α systemic injection in mice. In addition, anti-IL-36R mAbs inhibited tissue inflammation and inflammatory gene expression in an IL-36α ear injection model of psoriasiform dermatitis demonstrating engagement of the target in the ear skin. To elucidate the possible role of IL-36 signalling in IL-23/Th17 pathway, the ability of anti-IL-36R mAbs to inhibit skin inflammation in an IL-23 ear injection model was assessed. Inhibiting the IL-36 pathway resulted in significant attenuation of skin thickening and psoriasis-relevant gene expression. Taken together, these data suggest a role for IL-36 signalling in the IL-23/Th17 signalling axis in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Su
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Joseph Wetter
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Arun Kannan
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sheeba Mathew
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Horowitz
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Clare Gerstein
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marian Namovic
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jane Seagal
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michelle Viner
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Rinaldi
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Li Zhou
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Leys
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan Huang
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leyu Wang
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Prisca Honore
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
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Overlapping Roles for Interleukin-36 Cytokines in Protective Host Defense against Murine Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia. Infect Immun 2018; 87:IAI.00583-18. [PMID: 30323031 PMCID: PMC6300640 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00583-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila causes life-threatening pneumonia culminating in acute lung injury. Innate and adaptive cytokines play an important role in host defense against L. pneumophila infection. Interleukin-36 (IL-36) cytokines are recently described members of the larger IL-1 cytokine family known to exert potent inflammatory effects. In this study, we elucidated the role for IL-36 cytokines in experimental pneumonia caused by L. pneumophila Intratracheal (i.t.) administration of L. pneumophila induced the upregulation of both IL-36α and IL-36γ mRNA and protein production in the lung. Compared to the findings for L. pneumophila-infected wild-type (WT) mice, the i.t. administration of L. pneumophila to IL-36 receptor-deficient (IL-36R-/-) mice resulted in increased mortality, a delay in lung bacterial clearance, increased L. pneumophila dissemination to extrapulmonary organs, and impaired glucose homeostasis. Impaired lung bacterial clearance in IL-36R-/- mice was associated with a significantly reduced accumulation of inflammatory cells and the decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Ex vivo, reduced expression of costimulatory molecules and impaired M1 polarization were observed in alveolar macrophages isolated from infected IL-36R-/- mice compared to macrophages from WT mice. While L. pneumophila-induced mortality in IL-36α- or IL-36γ-deficient mice was not different from that in WT animals, antibody-mediated neutralization of IL-36γ in IL-36α-/- mice resulted in mortality similar to that observed in IL-36R-/- mice, indicating redundant and overlapping roles for these cytokines in experimental murine L. pneumophila pneumonia.
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123
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Ge Y, Huang M, Yao YM. Recent advances in the biology of IL-1 family cytokines and their potential roles in development of sepsis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 45:24-34. [PMID: 30587411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The IL-1 family comprises two anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-37, IL-38), two receptor antagonists (IL-1ra, IL-36ra), and seven ligand agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ). The members of this family exert pleiotropic effects on intercellular signaling, leading to pro- or anti-inflammatory responses. They initiate potent inflammatory and immune responses by binding to specific receptors in the IL-1 receptor family, and their activities are repressed by naturally occurring inhibitors. Various immune cells produce and are regulated by these crucial molecules, which appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases including cancer as well as inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Recent decades have seen substantial progress in understanding how the IL-1 family contributes to the development of sepsis. In this review, we will briefly introduce the IL-1 family and discuss its critical role in inflammatory and immune responses. The potential significance of IL-1 members in sepsis will also be explored, together with the clinical implications for treating this dangerous condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
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124
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Culprit Drugs Induce Specific IL-36 Overexpression in Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:848-858. [PMID: 30395846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a severe adverse cutaneous drug reaction. Although an involvement of drug-specific T cells has been reported, the physiopathology of AGEP and mechanism of neutrophilic skin inflammation remain incompletely understood. Recently, mutations in IL-36RN, the gene encoding the IL-36 receptor antagonist, have been reported to be more frequent in AGEP patients and pustular psoriasis. Here, we show that IL-36 cytokines, in particular IL-36γ, are highly expressed in lesional skin of AGEP patients, keratinocytes and macrophages being a major source of IL-36γ. Such an IL-36γ overexpression was not observed in patients with drug-induced maculopapular rash. In vitro, the causative drug specifically induced IL-36γ release either directly by the patient's peripheral blood monocytes or indirectly by keratinocytes in the presence of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Such culprit drug induction of IL-36γ secretion in vitro was specific for AGEP and involved toll-like receptor 4 sensing the drug/albumin complex as a danger signal. Our results suggest that IL-36γ secretion by monocytes/macrophages and keratinocytes in response to culprit drug exposure likely plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AGEP.
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125
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Numata T, Yoshizaki T, Yamaguchi S, Shimura E, Iwakura Y, Harada K, Sudo K, Tsuboi R, Nakae S. IL-36α is involved in hapten-specific T-cell induction, but not local inflammation, during contact hypersensitivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:429-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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126
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Weinstein AM, Giraldo NA, Petitprez F, Julie C, Lacroix L, Peschaud F, Emile JF, Marisa L, Fridman WH, Storkus WJ, Sautès-Fridman C. Association of IL-36γ with tertiary lymphoid structures and inflammatory immune infiltrates in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 68:109-120. [PMID: 30315348 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-1 family cytokines play a dual role in the gut, with different family members contributing either protective or pathogenic effects. IL-36γ is an IL-1 family cytokine involved in polarizing type-1 immune responses. However, its function in the gut, including in colorectal cancer pathogenesis, is not well appreciated. In a murine model of colon carcinoma, IL-36γ controls tertiary lymphoid structure formation and promotes a type-1 immune response concurrently with a decrease in expression of immune checkpoint molecules in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that IL-36γ plays a similar role in driving a pro-inflammatory phenotype in human colorectal cancer. We analyzed a cohort of 33 primary colorectal carcinoma tumors using imaging, flow cytometry, and transcriptomics to determine the pattern and role of IL-36γ expression in this disease. In the colorectal tumor microenvironment, we observed IL-36γ to be predominantly expressed by M1 macrophages and cells of the vasculature, including smooth muscle cells and high endothelial venules. This pattern of IL-36γ expression is associated with a CD4+ central memory T cell infiltrate and an increased density of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures, as well as with markers of fibrosis. Conversely, expression of the antagonist to IL-36 signaling, IL-1F5, was associated with intratumoral expression of checkpoint molecules, including PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4, which can suppress the immune response. These data support a role for IL-36γ in the physiologic immune response to colorectal cancer by sustaining inflammation within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah M Weinstein
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France.
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Nicolas A Giraldo
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identités des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Julie
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Hopital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
- EA4340, Université de Versailles SQY, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne, France
| | - Laetitia Lacroix
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Peschaud
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Hopital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
- EA4340, Université de Versailles SQY, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Hopital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France
- EA4340, Université de Versailles SQY, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne, France
| | - Laetitia Marisa
- Programme Cartes d'Identités des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
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127
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Alsahebfosoul F, Jahanbani-Ardakani H, Ghavimi R, Sedaghat N, Etemadifar M. Serum level of interleukin 36 in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:558-564. [PMID: 30252593 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1520128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of central nervous system with unknown origin. In MS disease, T cells are pointed to myelin antigens and it leads to myelin loss and axonal degeneration. Cytokines are important regulators of immune system and has critical roles in MS pathogenesis. Interleukin 36, a member of interleukin 1 family, has been shown having important roles in some autoimmune disorders due to its proinflammatory actions and its role in host immunity. METHODS AND MATERIALS In the current study, 49 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients and 41 healthy individuals were recruited. IL36 measurement was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. RESULTS Mean age of RRMS patient and control group were 31.84 ± 6.89 and 34.27 ± 8.83 years, respectively. Serum level of IL36 were 61.91 ± 16.29 in MS patients and 42.26 ± 17.54 in healthy group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION in this study for the first time, significantly higher serum level of IL36 was determined in RRMS patients comparing healthy individuals. This data may suggest important roles of this cytokine in MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul
- a Department of Immunology, School of medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | | | - Reza Ghavimi
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Nahid Sedaghat
- a Department of Immunology, School of medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- d Department of Neurology, School of Medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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128
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Scholz GM, Heath JE, Aw J, Reynolds EC. Regulation of the Peptidoglycan Amidase PGLYRP2 in Epithelial Cells by Interleukin-36γ. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00384-18. [PMID: 29914927 PMCID: PMC6105881 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00384-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-36 (IL-36) cytokines are important regulators of mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. We have previously established that oral epithelial cells upregulate IL-36γ expression in response to the bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis Here, we have established that IL-36γ can stimulate the gene expression of mechanistically distinct antimicrobial proteins, including the peptidoglycan amidase PGLYRP2, in oral epithelial cells (e.g., TIGK cells). PGLYRP2 gene expression was not stimulated by either IL-17 or IL-22, thus demonstrating selectivity in the regulation of PGLYRP2 by IL-36γ. The IL-36γ-inducible expression of PGLYRP2 was shown to be mediated by IRAK1- and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent signaling. Furthermore, our finding that IL-36γ-inducible PGLYRP2 expression was reduced in proliferating TIGK cells but increased in terminally differentiating cells suggests that control of PGLYRP2 expression is associated with the maturation of the oral epithelium. PGLYRP2 expression in TIGK cells can also be directly stimulated by oral bacteria. However, the extracellular gingipain proteases (Kgp and RgpA/B) produced by P. gingivalis, which are critical virulence factors, can antagonize PGLYRP2 expression. Thus, the expression of IL-36γ by oral epithelial cells in response to P. gingivalis might enable the subsequent autocrine stimulation of PGLYRP2 expression. In summary, our data identify how IL-36γ may promote oral mucosal homeostasis by regulating PGLYRP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen M Scholz
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Heath
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiamin Aw
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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129
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Liu H, Archer NK, Dillen CA, Wang Y, Ashbaugh AG, Ortines RV, Kao T, Lee SK, Cai SS, Miller RJ, Marchitto MC, Zhang E, Riggins DP, Plaut RD, Stibitz S, Geha RS, Miller LS. Staphylococcus aureus Epicutaneous Exposure Drives Skin Inflammation via IL-36-Mediated T Cell Responses. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:653-666.e5. [PMID: 29120743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonization contributes to skin inflammation in diseases such as atopic dermatitis, but the signaling pathways involved are unclear. Herein, epicutaneous S. aureus exposure to mouse skin promoted MyD88-dependent skin inflammation initiated by IL-36, but not IL-1α/β, IL-18, or IL-33. By contrast, an intradermal S. aureus challenge promoted MyD88-dependent host defense initiated by IL-1β rather than IL-36, suggesting that different IL-1 cytokines trigger MyD88 signaling depending on the anatomical depth of S. aureus cutaneous exposure. The bacterial virulence factor PSMα, but not α-toxin or δ-toxin, contributed to the skin inflammation, which was driven by IL-17-producing γδ and CD4+ T cells via direct IL-36R signaling in the T cells. Finally, adoptive transfer of IL-36R-expressing T cells to IL-36R-deficient mice was sufficient for mediating S. aureus-induced skin inflammation. Together, this study defines a previously unknown pathway by which S. aureus epicutaneous exposure promotes skin inflammation involving IL-36R/MyD88-dependent IL-17 T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Carly A Dillen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Alyssa G Ashbaugh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Roger V Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tracy Kao
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Steven K Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Shuting S Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Robert J Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mark C Marchitto
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Emily Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Daniel P Riggins
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Roger D Plaut
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Scott Stibitz
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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130
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Bassoy EY, Towne JE, Gabay C. Regulation and function of interleukin-36 cytokines. Immunol Rev 2018; 281:169-178. [PMID: 29247994 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines include 3 agonists, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ that bind to a common receptor composed of IL-36R and IL-1RAcP to stimulate inflammatory responses. IL-36Ra is a natural antagonist that binds to IL-36R, but does not recruit the co-receptor IL-1RAcP and does not stimulate any intracellular responses. The IL-36 cytokines are expressed predominantly by epithelial cells and act on a number of cells including immune cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Processing of the N-terminus is required for full agonist or antagonist activity for all IL-36 members. The role of IL-36 has been extensively demonstrated in the skin where it can act on keratinocytes and immune cells to induce a robust inflammatory response that has been implicated in psoriatic disorders. Emerging data also suggest a role for this cytokine family in pulmonary and intestinal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yonca Bassoy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties & Department of Pathology-Immunology, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer E Towne
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties & Department of Pathology-Immunology, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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131
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Abstract
The extracellular forms of the IL-1 cytokines are active through binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells. IL-1 ligands bind to the extracellular portion of their ligand-binding receptor chain. For signaling to take place, a non-binding accessory chain is recruited into a heterotrimeric complex. The intracellular approximation of the Toll-IL-1-receptor (TIR) domains of the 2 receptor chains is the event that initiates signaling. The family of IL-1 receptors (IL-1R) includes 10 structurally related members, and the distantly related soluble protein IL-18BP that acts as inhibitor of the cytokine IL-18. Over the years the receptors of the IL-1 family have been known with many different names, with significant confusion. Thus, we will use here a recently proposed unifying nomenclature. The family includes several ligand-binding chains (IL-1R1, IL-1R2, IL-1R4, IL-1R5, and IL-1R6), 2 types of accessory chains (IL-1R3, IL-1R7), molecules that act as inhibitors of signaling (IL-1R2, IL-1R8, IL-18BP), and 2 orphan receptors (IL-1R9, IL-1R10). In this review, we will examine how the receptors of the IL-1 family regulate the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of the IL-1 cytokines and are, more at large, involved in modulating defensive and pathological innate immunity and inflammation. Regulation of the IL-1/IL-1R system in the brain will be also described, as an example of the peculiarities of organ-specific modulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Weil
- Immunology FB08, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael U Martin
- Immunology FB08, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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132
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Hashiguchi Y, Yabe R, Chung SH, Murayama MA, Yoshida K, Matsuo K, Kubo S, Saijo S, Nakamura Y, Matsue H, Iwakura Y. IL-36α from Skin-Resident Cells Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Dermatitis by Forming a Local Autoamplification Loop. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:167-182. [PMID: 29794016 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-36α (gene symbol Il1f6), a member of the IL-36 family, is closely associated with inflammatory diseases, including colitis and psoriasis. In this study, we found that Il1f6-/- mice developed milder psoriasiform dermatitis upon treatment with imiquimod, a ligand for TLR ligand 7 (TLR7) and TLR8, whereas Il1f6-/- mice showed similar susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis to wild-type mice. These effects were observed in both cohoused and separately housed conditions, and antibiotic treatment did not cancel the resistance of Il1f6-/- mice to imiquimod-induced dermatitis. Bone marrow (BM) cell transfer revealed that IL-36α expression in skin-resident cells is important for the pathogenesis of dermatitis in these mice. Following stimulation with IL-36α, the expression of Il1f6 and Il1f9 (IL-36γ), but not Il1f8 (IL-36β), was enhanced in murine BM-derived Langerhans cells (BMLCs) and murine primary keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts from mice. Upon stimulation with agonistic ligands of TLRs and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), Il1f6 expression was induced in BMLCs and BM-derived dendritic cells. Furthermore, IL-36α stimulation resulted in significantly increased gene expression of psoriasis-associated Th17-related cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-23, CXCL1, and CXCL2 in BMLCs and fibroblasts, and IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17C, and CXCL2 in keratinocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that TLR/CLR signaling-induced IL-36α plays an important role for the development of psoriasiform dermatitis by enhancing Th17-related cytokine/chemokine production in skin-resident cells via a local autoamplification loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Hashiguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Rikio Yabe
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; and
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Masanori A Murayama
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kaori Yoshida
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kenzo Matsuo
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kubo
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; and
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsue
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; and.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; .,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; and
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133
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Muñoz-Wolf N, Lavelle EC. A Guide to IL-1 family cytokines in adjuvanticity. FEBS J 2018; 285:2377-2401. [PMID: 29656546 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing awareness of the multiplicity of roles for the IL-1 family in immune regulation has prompted research exploring these cytokines in the context of vaccine-induced immunity. While tightly regulated, cytokines of the IL-1 family are normally released in response to cellular stress and in combination with other danger-/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering potent local and systemic immune responses. In the context of infection or autoimmunity, engagement of IL-1 family receptors links robust innate responses to adaptive immunity. Clinical and experimental evidence has revealed that many vaccine adjuvants induce the release of one or multiple IL-1 family cytokines. The coordinated release of IL-1 family members in response to adjuvant-induced damage or cell death may be a determining factor in the transition from local inflammation to the induction of an adaptive response. Here, we analyse the effects of IL-1 family cytokines on innate and adaptive immunity with a particular emphasis on activation of antigen-presenting cells and induction of T cell-mediated immunity, and we address in detail the contribution of these cytokines to the modes of action of vaccine adjuvants including those currently approved for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Wolf
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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134
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Mai SZ, Li CJ, Xie XY, Xiong H, Xu M, Zeng FQ, Guo Q, Han YF. Increased serum IL-36α and IL-36γ levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Association with disease activity and arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:103-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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135
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Braegelmann J, Braegelmann C, Bieber T, Wenzel J. Candida induces the expression of IL-36γ in human keratinocytes: implications for a pathogen-driven exacerbation of psoriasis? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e403-e406. [PMID: 29633390 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Braegelmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Braegelmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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136
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Wang H, Li ZY, Jiang WX, Liao B, Zhai GT, Wang N, Zhen Z, Ruan JW, Long XB, Wang H, Liu WH, Liang GT, Xu WM, Kato A, Liu Z. The activation and function of IL-36γ in neutrophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1646-1658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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137
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Gajbhiye R, McKinnon B, Mortlock S, Mueller M, Montgomery G. Genetic Variation at Chromosome 2q13 and Its Potential Influence on Endometriosis Susceptibility Through Effects on the IL-1 Family. Reprod Sci 2018; 25:1307-1317. [PMID: 29669463 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118768688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the growth of epithelial and stromal cells outside the uterine cavity. It has a complex etiology and affects ∼10% of reproductive age women. It is accompanied by a chronic inflammatory response with substantial evidence to indicate genetic susceptibility. The causal genes and their pathways leading to endometriosis, however, are still unknown. Recently, genomewide association studies on endometriosis identified 14 genomic risk loci in women of European and Japanese ancestry. It is becoming increasingly clear that these risk regions are intergenic and thus contribute to disease susceptibility through regulatory mechanisms, most likely mediated through regulation of genes within a restricted distance from the risk variants. One endometriosis risk locus has been detected at chromosome 2q13 within an inflammatory-rich region of gene transcripts and thus may play a role in the inflammation component of the disease. We carried out detailed analysis of the genomic region 250 kb on either side of sentinel SNP rs10167914 and identified 21 transcripts which contained 6 interleukin (IL)-1 family genes, 3 previously reported coding genes that have a relationship to inflammation, 4 novel coding, or pseudogenes, and 8 noncoding RNA transcripts. Through an extensive literature search, we examined the roles these genes and their resultant proteins play in endometriosis pathogenesis. The results suggest alteration in the expression the IL-1 family transcripts either alone or as a complex milieu could have a significant influence on endometriosis and should be prioritized for future study on the implications of inflammation on endometriotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gajbhiye
- 1 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,3 Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Brett McKinnon
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sally Mortlock
- 1 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Mueller
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Grant Montgomery
- 1 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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138
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Sullivan GP, Davidovich PB, Sura-Trueba S, Belotcerkovskaya E, Henry CM, Clancy DM, Zinoveva A, Mametnabiev T, Garabadzhiu AV, Martin SJ. Identification of small-molecule elastase inhibitors as antagonists of IL-36 cytokine activation. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:751-763. [PMID: 29744290 PMCID: PMC5929933 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IL‐1 family cytokines act as apical initiators of inflammation in many settings and can promote the production of a battery of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators in diverse cell types. IL‐36α, IL‐36β and IL‐36γ, which belong to the extended IL‐1 family, have been implicated as key initiators of skin inflammation in psoriasis. IL‐36γ is highly upregulated in lesional skin from psoriatic individuals, and heritable mutations in the natural IL‐36 receptor antagonist result in a severe form of psoriasis. IL‐36 family cytokines are initially expressed as inactive precursors that require proteolytic processing for activation. The neutrophil granule‐derived protease elastase proteolytically processes and activates IL‐36α and IL‐36γ, increasing their biological activity ~ 500‐fold, and also robustly activates IL‐1α and IL‐33 through limited proteolytic processing. Consequently, inhibitors of elastase activity may have potential as anti‐inflammatory agents through antagonizing the activation of multiple IL‐1 family cytokines. Using in silico screening approaches, we have identified small‐molecule inhibitors of elastase that can antagonize activation of IL‐36γ by the latter protease. The compounds reported herein may have utility as lead compounds for the development of inhibitors of elastase‐mediated activation of IL‐36 and other IL‐1 family cytokines in inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme P Sullivan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Department of Genetics The Smurfit Institute Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Pavel B Davidovich
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Department of Genetics The Smurfit Institute Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland.,Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology Russia
| | - Sylvia Sura-Trueba
- Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology Russia
| | | | - Conor M Henry
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Department of Genetics The Smurfit Institute Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Danielle M Clancy
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Department of Genetics The Smurfit Institute Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Anna Zinoveva
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Department of Genetics The Smurfit Institute Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland.,Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology Russia
| | - Tazhir Mametnabiev
- Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology Russia
| | | | - Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Department of Genetics The Smurfit Institute Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland.,Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology Russia
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139
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Scholz GM, Heath JE, Walsh KA, Reynolds EC. MEK-ERK signaling diametrically controls the stimulation of IL-23p19 and EBI3 expression in epithelial cells by IL-36γ. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:646-655. [PMID: 29474749 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are important regulators of mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. We previously established that oral epithelial cells strongly upregulate IL-36γ expression in response to the bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Here, we have established that IL-36γ stimulates the expression of the IL-12 cytokine family members, IL-23p19 and Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3 (EBI3), by oral epithelial cells; their expression was also selectively stimulated by IL-36α. Notably, IL-23p19 and EBI3 expression was not stimulated by P. gingivalis, thus suggesting that their expression by the oral epithelium in response to P. gingivalis is likely to be mediated in an autocrine manner by IL-36γ. The IL-36γ-inducible expression of IL-23p19 and EBI3 was found to be diametrically regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, whereby the activation of MEK-ERK signaling likely functions as a negative feedback mechanism to limit EBI3 expression. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, which is important for mucosal homeostasis, was demonstrated to modulate, in a MEK-ERK-dependent manner, the stimulation of IL-23p19 and EBI3 expression by IL-36γ. IL-23p19 and EBI3 have recently been shown to heterodimerize to form the novel cytokine IL-39 and promote neutrophil expansion. EBI3 has been shown to also have IL-12 cytokine family independent functions (e.g. mediating IL-6 trans-signaling). Thus, this study not only advances our understanding of how IL-36 cytokines may control mucosal inflammation, but also establishes EGFR signaling as a potentially important modulator of IL-36 cytokine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen M Scholz
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Heath
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina A Walsh
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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140
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Sullivan GP, Henry CM, Clancy DM, Mametnabiev T, Belotcerkovskaya E, Davidovich P, Sura-Trueba S, Garabadzhiu AV, Martin SJ. Suppressing IL-36-driven inflammation using peptide pseudosubstrates for neutrophil proteases. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29515113 PMCID: PMC5841435 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sterile inflammation is initiated by molecules released from necrotic cells, called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Members of the extended IL-1 cytokine family are important DAMPs, are typically only released through necrosis, and require limited proteolytic processing for activation. The IL-1 family cytokines, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ, are expressed as inactive precursors and have been implicated as key initiators of psoriatic-type skin inflammation. We have recently found that IL-36 family cytokines are proteolytically processed and activated by the neutrophil granule-derived proteases, elastase, and cathepsin G. Inhibitors of IL-36 processing may therefore have utility as anti-inflammatory agents through suppressing activation of the latter cytokines. We have identified peptide-based pseudosubstrates for cathepsin G and elastase, based on optimal substrate cleavage motifs, which can antagonize activation of all three IL-36 family cytokines by the latter proteases. Human psoriatic skin plaques displayed elevated IL-36β processing activity that could be antagonized by peptide pseudosubstrates specific for cathepsin G. Thus, antagonists of neutrophil-derived proteases may have therapeutic potential for blocking activation of IL-36 family cytokines in inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme P Sullivan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Conor M Henry
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Danielle M Clancy
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tazhir Mametnabiev
- Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg Technical University, Moskovskii Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Belotcerkovskaya
- Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg Technical University, Moskovskii Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel Davidovich
- Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg Technical University, Moskovskii Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sylvia Sura-Trueba
- Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg Technical University, Moskovskii Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V Garabadzhiu
- Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg Technical University, Moskovskii Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg Technical University, Moskovskii Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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141
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Stoffel E, Maier H, Riedl E, Brüggen MC, Reininger B, Schaschinger M, Bangert C, Guenova E, Stingl G, Brunner PM. Analysis of anti-tumour necrosis factor-induced skin lesions reveals strong T helper 1 activation with some distinct immunological characteristics. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1151-1162. [PMID: 29143979 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasiform and eczematous eruptions are the most common dermatological adverse reactions linked to anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy. Yet, a detailed characterization of their immune phenotype is lacking. OBJECTIVES To characterize anti-TNF-α-induced inflammatory skin lesions at a histopathological, cellular and molecular level, compared with psoriasis, eczema (atopic dermatitis) and healthy control skin. METHODS Histopathological evaluation, gene expression (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and computer-assisted immunohistological studies (TissueFAXS) were performed on 19 skin biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (n = 17) and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 2) with new-onset inflammatory skin lesions during anti-TNF-α-therapy. RESULTS Although most biopsies showed a psoriasiform and/or spongiotic (eczematous) histopathological architecture, these lesions were inconsistent with either psoriasis or eczema on a molecular level using an established chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27/inducible nitric oxide synthase classifier. Despite some differences in immune skewing depending on the specific histopathological reaction pattern, all anti-TNF-α-induced lesions showed strong interferon (IFN)-γ activation, at higher levels than in psoriasis or eczema. IFN-γ was most likely produced by CD3/CD4/Tbet-positive T helper 1 lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS New-onset anti-TNF-α-induced eruptions previously classified as psoriasis or spongiotic dermatitis (eczema) exhibit a molecular profile that is different from either of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stoffel
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Maier
- Department of Dermatology, Division of General Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Riedl
- Department of Dermatology, Division of General Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M-C Brüggen
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Reininger
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Schaschinger
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Guenova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Stingl
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P M Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, U.S.A
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142
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Bridgewood C, Fearnley GW, Berekmeri A, Laws P, Macleod T, Ponnambalam S, Stacey M, Graham A, Wittmann M. IL-36γ Is a Strong Inducer of IL-23 in Psoriatic Cells and Activates Angiogenesis. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535706 PMCID: PMC5834930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 family member cytokine IL-36γ is recognised as key mediator in the immunopathology of psoriasis, hallmarks of which involve the activation of both resident and infiltrating inflammatory myeloid cells and aberrant angiogenesis. This research demonstrates a role for IL-36γ in both myeloid activation and angiogenesis. We show that IL-36γ induces the production of psoriasis-associated cytokines from macrophages (IL-23 and TNFα) and that this response is enhanced in macrophages from psoriasis patients. This effect is specific for IL-36γ and could not be mimicked by other IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1α. IL-36γ was also demonstrated to induce endothelial tube formation and branching, in a VEGF-A-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-36γ-stimulated macrophages potently activated endothelial cells and led to increased adherence of monocytes, effects that were markedly more pronounced for psoriatic macrophages. Interestingly, regardless of stimulus, psoriasis monocytes showed increased adherence to both the stimulated and unstimulated endothelium when compared with monocytes from healthy individuals. Collectively, these findings show that IL-36γ has the potential to enhance endothelium directed leucocyte infiltration into the skin and strengthen the IL-23/IL-17 pathway adding to the growing evidence of pathogenetic roles for IL-36γ in psoriatic responses. Our findings also point to a cellular response, which could potentially explain cardiovascular comorbidities in psoriasis in the form of endothelial activation and increased monocyte adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Bridgewood
- Centre of Skin Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth W Fearnley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Berekmeri
- Department of Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Laws
- Department of Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Macleod
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Stacey
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Graham
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Centre of Skin Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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143
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Hessam S, Sand M, Gambichler T, Skrygan M, Rüddel I, Bechara F. Interleukin-36 in hidradenitis suppurativa: evidence for a distinctive proinflammatory role and a key factor in the development of an inflammatory loop. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:761-767. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hessam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany
| | - M. Sand
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany
| | - T. Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany
| | - M. Skrygan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany
| | - I. Rüddel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany
| | - F.G. Bechara
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Gudrunstraße 56 44791 Bochum Germany
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144
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Garraud T, Harel M, Boutet MA, Le Goff B, Blanchard F. The enigmatic role of IL-38 in inflammatory diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:26-35. [PMID: 29366546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-38 is the most recently discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family and is considered a potential inhibitor of the IL-1 and Toll-like receptor families. IL-38 exerts anti-inflammatory properties, especially on macrophages, by inhibiting secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to reduced T-lymphocyte TH17 maturation. IL-38 has been studied most extensively in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly arthritis, where it is considered an attractive new drug candidate. IL-38 research has entered a new phase, with the realization that IL-38 is important in the pathophysiology of TH17 dependent-diseases (psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis). In this review, we provide a critical evaluation of several controversial issues concerning IL-38 function and regulation. There is effectively contrasting data regarding IL-38: it is produced in conditions such as apoptosis, necrosis or inflammation, but data is lacking regarding IL-38 processing and biological function. Furthermore, the receptor for IL-38 has yet to be identified, although three candidate receptors - IL-1R1, IL-36R and IL-1RAPL1-have been proposed. Future studies will hopefully uncover new aspects of this enigmatic cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Garraud
- INSERM UMR1238, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Rheumatology Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.
| | | | | | - Benoit Le Goff
- INSERM UMR1238, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Rheumatology Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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145
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Arakawa A, Vollmer S, Besgen P, Galinski A, Summer B, Kawakami Y, Wollenberg A, Dornmair K, Spannagl M, Ruzicka T, Thomas P, Prinz JC. Unopposed IL-36 Activity Promotes Clonal CD4 + T-Cell Responses with IL-17A Production in Generalized Pustular Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:1338-1347. [PMID: 29288651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is the most severe psoriasis variant. Mutations in the IL-36 antagonist IL36RN, in CARD14 or AP1S3 provide genetic evidence for autoinflammatory etiology but cannot explain its pathogenesis completely. Here we demonstrate that unopposed IL-36 signaling promotes antigen-driven and likely pathogenic T-helper type 17 (Th17) responses in GPP. We observed that CD4+ T cells in blood and skin lesions of GPP patients were characterized by intense hyperproliferation, production of the GPP key mediator, IL-17A, and highly restricted TCR repertoires with identical T-cell clones in blood and skin lesions, indicating antigen-driven T-cell expansions. The clonally expanded CD4+ T cells were major producers of IL-17A. IL-36 signaling substantially enhanced TCR-mediated proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, GPP patients showed preferences for HLA-DRB1∗14, HLA-DQB1∗05, and HLA-DQB1∗03. We conclude that in GPP unopposed IL-36 signaling and certain HLA-class II alleles may cooperate in promoting antigen-driven Th17 responses, which in the obvious absence of exogenous triggers may reflect autoimmune reactions. This study reveals a pathogenic pathway where innate immune dysregulation promotes T-cell-mediated inflammation in GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Vollmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Besgen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Galinski
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Summer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yoshio Kawakami
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Spannagl
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Thomas
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg C Prinz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
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146
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van de Veerdonk FL, de Graaf DM, Joosten LAB, Dinarello CA. Biology of IL-38 and its role in disease. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:191-196. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI); Radboudumc The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Denver; Aurora CO USA
| | - Dennis M. de Graaf
- Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI); Radboudumc The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Denver; Aurora CO USA
| | - Leo AB Joosten
- Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI); Radboudumc The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Denver; Aurora CO USA
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI); Radboudumc The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Denver; Aurora CO USA
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147
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Ding L, Wang X, Hong X, Lu L, Liu D. IL-36 cytokines in autoimmunity and inflammatory disease. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2895-2901. [PMID: 29416822 PMCID: PMC5788690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inteleukin-36 (IL-36) cytokines include IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra, which belong to the IL-1 family and exert pro-inflammatory effects on various target cells such as keratinocytes, synoviocytes, dendritic cells and T cells. Emerging evidence has suggested a role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Here, we provide a brief review on the activation of IL-36 family cytokines and their involvement in autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases, which will provide further insights in understanding the functions of IL-36 family cytokines in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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148
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Alunno A, Carubbi F, Giacomelli R, Gerli R. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: new players and therapeutic targets. BMC Rheumatol 2017; 1:3. [PMID: 30886947 PMCID: PMC6383595 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-017-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the landscape of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines has rapidly expanded with the identification of new members proven to be involved at different extent in the pathogenesis of chronic immune mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The advance of our understanding of mediators involved in the pathogenesis of RA and in consequence, the development of novel targeted therapies is necessary to provide patients not responding to currently available strategies with novel compounds. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview on recently identified cytokines, emphasizing their pathogenic role and therapeutic potential in RA. A systematic literature review was performed to retrieve articles related to every cytokine discussed in the review. In some cases, evidence from animal models and RA patients is already consistent to move forward into drug development. In others, conflicting observation and the paucity of data require further investigations.Forty years after the discovery of IL-1, the landscape of cytokines is continuously expanding with increasing possibilities to develop novel therapeutic strategies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Alunno
- 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- 2Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,ASL1 Avezzano-L'Aquila-Sulmona, Department of Medicine, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- 2Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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149
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Aoyagi T, Newstead MW, Zeng X, Nanjo Y, Peters-Golden M, Kaku M, Standiford TJ. Interleukin-36γ and IL-36 receptor signaling mediate impaired host immunity and lung injury in cytotoxic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection: Role of prostaglandin E2. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006737. [PMID: 29166668 PMCID: PMC5718565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that can lead to severe infection associated with lung injury and high mortality. The interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines (IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ) are newly described IL-1 like family cytokines that promote inflammatory response via binding to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). Here we investigated the functional role of IL-36 cytokines in the modulating of innate immune response against P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection. The intratracheal administration of flagellated cytotoxic P. aeruginosa (ATCC 19660) upregulated IL-36α and IL-36γ, but not IL-36β, in the lungs. IL-36α and IL-36γ were expressed in pulmonary macrophages (PMs) and alveolar epithelial cells in response to P. aeruginosa in vitro. Mortality after bacterial challenge in IL-36 receptor deficient (IL-36R-/-) mice and IL-36γ deficient (IL-36γ-/-) mice, but not IL-36α deficient mice, was significantly lower than that of wild type mice. Decreased mortality in IL-36R-/- mice and IL-36γ-/- mice was associated with reduction in bacterial burden in the alveolar space, bacterial dissemination, production of inflammatory cytokines and lung injury, without changes in lung leukocyte influx. Interestingly, IL-36γ enhanced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during P. aeruginosa infection in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of PMs with recombinant IL-36γ resulted in impaired bacterial killing via PGE2 and its receptor; EP2. P. aeruginosa infected EP2 deficient mice or WT mice treated with a COX-2-specific inhibitor showed decreased bacterial burden and dissemination, but no change in lung injury. Finally, we observed an increase in IL-36γ, but not IL-36α, in the airspace and plasma of patients with P. aeruginosa-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thus, IL-36γ and its receptor signal not only impaired bacterial clearance in a possible PGE2 dependent fashion but also mediated lung injury during P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Aoyagi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael W. Newstead
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yuta Nanjo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Theodore J. Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Nakagawa S, Matsumoto M, Katayama Y, Oguma R, Wakabayashi S, Nygaard T, Saijo S, Inohara N, Otto M, Matsue H, Núñez G, Nakamura Y. Staphylococcus aureus Virulent PSMα Peptides Induce Keratinocyte Alarmin Release to Orchestrate IL-17-Dependent Skin Inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:667-677.e5. [PMID: 29120744 PMCID: PMC5728420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus commonly colonizes the epidermis, but the mechanisms by which the host senses virulent, but not commensal, S. aureus to trigger inflammation remain unclear. Using a murine epicutaneous infection model, we found that S. aureus-expressed phenol-soluble modulin (PSM)α, a group of secreted virulence peptides, is required to trigger cutaneous inflammation. PSMα induces the release of keratinocyte IL-1α and IL-36α, and signaling via IL-1R and IL-36R was required for induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17. The levels of released IL-1α and IL-36α, as well as IL-17 production by γδ T cells and ILC3 and neutrophil infiltration to the site of infection, were greatly reduced in mice with total or keratinocyte-specific deletion of the IL-1R and IL-36R signaling adaptor Myd88. Further, Il17a-/-f-/- mice showed blunted S. aureus-induced inflammation. Thus, keratinocyte Myd88 signaling in response to S. aureus PSMα drives an IL-17-mediated skin inflammatory response to epicutaneous S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seitaro Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuki Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Rena Oguma
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Wakabayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tyler Nygaard
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Matsue
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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