101
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Liu J, Zheng Q, Mu X, Zuo Y, Xu B, Jin Y, Wang Y, Tian H, Yang Y, Xue Q, Huang Z, Chen L, Gu B, Hou X, Shen L, Guo Y, Li Y. Automated tumor proportion score analysis for PD-L1 (22C3) expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15907. [PMID: 34354151 PMCID: PMC8342621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligend-1 (PD-L1) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays is a predictive marker of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy response. With the popularity of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor drugs, quantitative assessment of PD-L1 expression becomes a new labor for pathologists. Manually counting the PD-L1 positive stained tumor cells is an obviously subjective and time-consuming process. In this paper, we developed a new computer aided Automated Tumor Proportion Scoring System (ATPSS) to determine the comparability of image analysis with pathologist scores. A three-stage process was performed using both image processing and deep learning techniques to mimic the actual diagnostic flow of the pathologists. We conducted a multi-reader multi-case study to evaluate the agreement between pathologists and ATPSS. Fifty-one surgically resected lung squamous cell carcinoma were prepared and stained using the Dako PD-L1 (22C3) assay, and six pathologists with different experience levels were involved in this study. The TPS predicted by the proposed model had high and statistically significant correlation with sub-specialty pathologists' scores with Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 8.65 (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.42-10.90) and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) of 0.9436 ([Formula: see text]), and the performance on PD-L1 positive cases achieved by our method surpassed that of non-subspecialty and trainee pathologists. Those experimental results indicate that the proposed automated system can be a powerful tool to improve the PD-L1 TPS assessment of pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Mu
- Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Zuo
- Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Pathology, Yangzhou Jiangdu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongguo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yangzhou Jiangdu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Xue
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziling Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianxu Hou
- Computer Vision Institute, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Shen
- Computer Vision Institute, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- AI Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Diagnosis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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102
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Otaibi AA, Sherwani S, Alshammari EM, Al-Zahrani SA, Khan WA, Dhahi Alsukaibi AK, Dwivedi S, Khan SN, Khan MWA. Combinational therapeutics to combat cancer. Bioinformation 2021; 17:673-679. [PMID: 35283582 PMCID: PMC8882074 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-therapeutics is rarely effective as a treatment option, which limits the survival of patients in advanced grade aggressive cancers. Combinational therapeutics (multiple drugs for multiple targets) to combat cancer is gaining momentum in recent years. Hence, it is of interest to document known data for combinational therapeutics in cancer treatment. An amalgamation of therapeutic agents enhances the efficacy and potency of the therapy. Combinational therapy can potentially target multiple pathways that are necessary for the cancer cells to proliferate, and/or target molecules, which may help cancer to become more aggressive and metastasize. In this review, we discuss combinational therapeutics, which include human γδ T cells in combinations with biologically active anti-cancer molecules, which synergistically may produce promising combinational therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail-2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail-2440, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salma Ahmed Al-Zahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail-2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahid Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry,College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha-62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sourabh Dwivedi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, U.P., India
| | - Shahper Nazeer Khan
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, U.P, India
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail-2440, Saudi Arabia
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103
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Nair A, Bu J, Bugno J, Rawding PA, Kubiatowicz LJ, Jeong WJ, Hong S. Size-Dependent Drug Loading, Gene Complexation, Cell Uptake, and Transfection of a Novel Dendron-Lipid Nanoparticle for Drug/Gene Co-delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3746-3755. [PMID: 34319087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dendron micelles have shown promising results as a multifunctional delivery system, owing to their unique molecular architecture. Herein, we have prepared a novel poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendron-lipid hybrid nanoparticle (DLNP) as a nanocarrier for drug/gene co-delivery and examined how the dendron generation of DLNPs impacts their cargo-carrying capabilities. DLNPs, formed by a thin-layer hydration method, were internally loaded with chemo-drugs and externally complexed with plasmids. Compared to generation 2 dendron DLNP (D2LNPs), D3LNPs demonstrated a higher drug encapsulation efficiency (31% vs 87%) and better gene complexation (minimal N/P ratio of 20:1 vs 5:1 for complexation) due to their smaller micellar aggregation number and higher charge density, respectively. Furthermore, D3LNPs were able to avoid endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation and demonstrated a higher cellular uptake than D2LNPs. As a result, D3LNPs exhibited significantly enhanced antitumor and gene transfection efficacy in comparison to D2LNPs. These findings provide design cues for engineering multifunctional dendron-based nanotherapeutic systems for effective combination cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Nair
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano), School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jiyoon Bu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano), School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jason Bugno
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Piper A Rawding
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano), School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Luke J Kubiatowicz
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano), School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano), School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Yonsei Frontier Lab and Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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104
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Zhao X, Pan X, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Targeting neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2021; 9:61. [PMID: 34321091 PMCID: PMC8317330 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens, a type of tumor-specific antigens derived from non-synonymous mutations, have recently been characterized as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Owing to the development of next-generation sequencing and utilization of machine-learning algorithms, it has become feasible to computationally predict neoantigens by depicting genetic alterations, aberrant post-transcriptional mRNA processing and abnormal mRNA translation events within tumor tissues. Consequently, neoantigen-based therapies such as cancer vaccines have been widely tested in clinical trials and have demonstrated promising safety and efficacy, opening a new era for cancer immunotherapy. We systematically summarize recent advances in the identification of both personalized and public neoantigens, neoantigen formulations and neoantigen-based clinical trials in this review. Moreover, we discuss future techniques and strategies for neoantigen-based cancer treatment either as a monotherapy or as a combination therapy with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center & Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Pan
- Shenzhen NeoCura Biotechnology Corporation, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shenzhen NeoCura Biotechnology Corporation, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center & Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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105
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Kondo Y, Suzuki S, Takahara T, Ono S, Goto M, Miyabe S, Sugita Y, Ogawa T, Ito H, Satou A, Tsuzuki T, Yoshikawa K, Ueda R, Nagao T. Improving function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes by transforming growth factor-β inhibitor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4037-4049. [PMID: 34309966 PMCID: PMC8486191 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune‐checkpoint therapy has recently been used to treat oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). However, improvements in current immunotherapy are expected because response rates are limited. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) by inducing the production of regulatory T‐cells (Tregs) and cancer‐associated fibroblasts and inhibiting the function of cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells. TGF‐β may be an important target in the development of novel cancer immunotherapies. In this study, we investigated the suppressive effect of TGF‐β on CTL function in vitro using OSCC cell lines and their specific CTLs. Moreover, TGFB1 mRNA expression and T‐cell infiltration in 25 OSCC tissues were examined by in situ hybridization and multifluorescence immunohistochemistry. We found that TGF‐β suppressed the function of antigen‐specific CTLs in the priming and effector phases in vitro. Additionally, TGF‐β inhibitor effectively restored the CTL function, and TGFB1 mRNA was primarily expressed in the tumor invasive front. Interestingly, we found a significant negative correlation between TGFB1 mRNA expression and the CD8+ T‐cell/Treg ratio and between TGFB1 mRNA expression and the Ki‐67 expression in CD8+ T‐cells, indicating that TGF‐β also suppressed the function of CTLs in situ. Our findings suggest that the regulation of TGF‐β function restores the immunosuppressive TME to active status and is important for developing new immunotherapeutic strategies, such as a combination of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors and TGF‐β inhibitors, for OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kondo
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Research Creation Support Centre, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Taishi Takahara
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shoya Ono
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyabe
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akira Satou
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshikawa
- Research Creation Support Centre, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toru Nagao
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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106
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Zhao J, Yang Z, Tu M, Meng W, Gao H, Li MD, Li L. Correlation Between Prognostic Biomarker SLC1A5 and Immune Infiltrates in Various Types of Cancers Including Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608641. [PMID: 34367941 PMCID: PMC8339971 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5) is a major glutamine transporter and plays a key role in tumor growth. The main objectives of this study were to visualize the prognostic landscape of SLC1A5 in multiple cancers and determine the relations between SLC1A5 expression and tumor immunity. Methods SLC1A5 expression and its effect on tumor prognosis were analyzed using multiple online tools Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, PrognoScan, and Kaplan-Meier plotter with their own datasets as well as the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The correlations between SLC1A5 and tumor immune infiltrates were determined via TIMER. Results SLC1A5 expression was significantly higher in several types of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared with corresponding normal tissues. High SLC1A5 expression correlated with poor overall survival and with disease-free survival related to alcohol consumption. Moreover, SLC1A5 expression correlated positively with the numbers of tumor-infiltrating B cells, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in HCC and in lower-grade glioma (LGG). Also, SLC1A5 expression showed strong correlations with diverse immune marker sets in HCC and LGG, indicating its role in regulating tumor immunity. Conclusions SLC1A5 represents a useful prognostic biomarker in multiple cancers, and its expression correlates highly with tumor immune-cell infiltration, especially in HCC and LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingmin Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Tongchuang Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zoucheng People's Hospital, Zoucheng, China
| | - Hainv Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ShuLan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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107
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Breitenecker K, Homolya M, Luca AC, Lang V, Trenk C, Petroczi G, Mohrherr J, Horvath J, Moritsch S, Haas L, Kurnaeva M, Eferl R, Stoiber D, Moriggl R, Bilban M, Obenauf AC, Ferran C, Dome B, Laszlo V, Győrffy B, Dezso K, Moldvay J, Casanova E, Moll HP. Down-regulation of A20 promotes immune escape of lung adenocarcinomas. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc3911. [PMID: 34233950 PMCID: PMC7611502 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-known driver of lung tumorigenesis. One strategy by which tumor cells escape tight homeostatic control is by decreasing the expression of the potent anti-inflammatory protein tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), also known as A20. We observed that tumor cell intrinsic loss of A20 markedly enhanced lung tumorigenesis and was associated with reduced CD8+ T cell-mediated immune surveillance in patients with lung cancer and in mouse models. In mice, we observed that this effect was completely dependent on increased cellular sensitivity to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling by aberrant activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and increased downstream expression and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Interrupting this autocrine feed forward loop by knocking out IFN-α/β receptor completely restored infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and rescued loss of A20 depending tumorigenesis. Downstream of STAT1, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was highly expressed in A20 knockout lung tumors. Accordingly, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment was highly efficient in mice harboring A20-deficient lung tumors. Furthermore, an A20 loss-of-function gene expression signature positively correlated with survival of melanoma patients treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1. Together, we have identified A20 as a master immune checkpoint regulating the TBK1-STAT1-PD-L1 axis that may be exploited to improve ICB therapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Breitenecker
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Homolya
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreea C Luca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Lang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Trenk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Petroczi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Mohrherr
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaqueline Horvath
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Haas
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, AT-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Kurnaeva
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, AT-3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, AT-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna C Obenauf
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, AT-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Transplant Institute and the Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Balazs Dome
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- 1st Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- 1st Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, HU-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, HU-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, HU-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezso
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, HU-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- 1st Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig P Moll
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
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108
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Li X, Han QC, Yu C, Luo YC, Wang F, Sun XH, Gao YQ, Tan WF, Xia Q. C-C chemokine hepatocellular carcinoma motif ligand 5-deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by affecting B cell recruitment. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:433-441. [PMID: 33978316 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore its role in regulating the immune microenvironment and the related mechanism in tumor immunity. METHODS The mRNA expression level of CCL5 in HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Serum CCL5 expression was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Ccl5-knockout (Ccl5-/- ) mice were utilized to conduct the diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC model. The immune cell population was determined by flow cytometry, and peripheral serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) level was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS CCL5 expression was low in HCC tissue and peripheral blood compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues or controls, and its expression was correlated with the overall survival, cancer recurrence and distant metastasis. In the HCC mouse model, liver-to-body weight ratio was of the Ccl5-/- group were higher than that of the WT group. Moreover, compared with the WT mice, the number of B cells in the tumor tissue of the Ccl5-/- mice was lower, while there were no significant differences in the other immune cell populations. Furthermore, serum IgM level of the Ccl5-/- mice was significantly lower than that of the WT mice. CONCLUSION CCL5 expression is decreased in HCC tissues. CCL5 deficiency reduces B cell recruitment and decreases IgM secretion in HCC, potentially leading to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu Cheng Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Hua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Qiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Feng Tan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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109
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Rossi M, Carboni S, Di Berardino-Besson W, Riva E, Santiago-Raber ML, Belnoue E, Derouazi M. STING Agonist Combined to a Protein-Based Cancer Vaccine Potentiates Peripheral and Intra-Tumoral T Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695056. [PMID: 34276686 PMCID: PMC8283310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining different immunotherapy approaches is currently building the future of immunotherapy, with the view to maximize anti-tumoral efficacy for larger patient population. The KISIMA™ platform allows the development of protein-based cancer vaccines able to induce tumor-specific T cell response resulting in anti-tumoral efficacy in various mouse models. Intra-tumoral administration of stimulator of interferon gene agonists (STINGa) was shown to induce a potent inflammatory response leading to the development of tumor-specific immunity. Here, we explored the efficacy and mechanisms of action of subcutaneous STINGa treatment combined with therapeutic vaccination in various mouse tumor models. This combinatory treatment highly enhanced frequency and effector function of both peripheral and intra-tumoral antigen-specific CD8 T cells, promoting potent IFNγ and TNFα production along with increased cytotoxicity. Moreover, combination therapy favorably modulated the tumor microenvironment by dampening immune-suppressive cells and increasing CD4 T cell infiltration together with their polarization toward Th1 phenotype. Combination with STINGa treatment improved the effect of therapeutic vaccination, resulting in a prolonged control and slower growth of B16-OVA and TC-1 tumors. Altogether, the results presented here highlight the potential of combining STINGa with a therapeutic protein vaccine for cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/agonists
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Vaccines, Subunit/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rossi
- AMAL Therapeutics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Susanna Carboni
- AMAL Therapeutics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Erika Riva
- AMAL Therapeutics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Elodie Belnoue
- AMAL Therapeutics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Madiha Derouazi
- AMAL Therapeutics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
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110
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Zhang N, Foiret J, Kheirolomoom A, Liu P, Feng Y, Tumbale S, Raie M, Wu B, Wang J, Fite BZ, Dai Z, Ferrara KW. Optimization of microbubble-based DNA vaccination with low-frequency ultrasound for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4. [PMID: 34632048 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an important cancer treatment strategy; nevertheless, the lack of robust immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment remains a factor in limiting patient response rates. In vivo gene delivery protocols can amplify immune responses and sensitize tumors to immunotherapies, yet non-viral transfection methods often sacrifice transduction efficiency for improved safety tolerance. To improve transduction efficiency, we optimized a strategy employing low ultrasound transmission frequency-induced bubble oscillation to introduce plasmids into tumor cells. Differential centrifugation isolated size-specific microbubbles. The diameter of the small microbubble population was 1.27 ± 0.89 μm and that of larger population was 4.23 ± 2.27 μm. Upon in vitro insonation with the larger microbubble population, 29.7% of cancer cells were transfected with DNA plasmids, higher than that with smaller microbubbles (18.9%, P <0.05) or positive control treatments with a commercial transfection reagent (12%, P < 0.01). After 48 h, gene expression increased more than two-fold in tumors treated with large, as compared with small, microbubbles. Furthermore, the immune response, including tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages, was enhanced. We believe that this safe and efficacious method can improve preclinical procedures and outcomes for DNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Pei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Tumbale
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Marina Raie
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - James Wang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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111
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Zuo S, Song J, Zhang J, He Z, Sun B, Sun J. Nano-immunotherapy for each stage of cancer cellular immunity: which, why, and what? Theranostics 2021; 11:7471-7487. [PMID: 34158861 PMCID: PMC8210608 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy provides a new avenue for combating cancer. Current research in anticancer immunotherapy is primary based on T cell-mediated cellular immunity, which can be divided into seven steps and is named the cancer-immunity cycle. Unfortunately, clinical applications of cancer immunotherapies are restricted by inefficient drug delivery, low response rates, and unmanageable adverse reactions. In response to these challenges, the combination of nanotechnology and immunotherapy (nano-immunotherapy) has been extensively studied in recent years. Rational design of advanced nano-immunotherapies requires in-depth consideration of "which" immune step is targeted, "why" it needs to be further enhanced, and "what" nanotechnology can do for immunotherapy. However, the applications and effects of nanotechnology in the cancer-immunity cycle have not been well reviewed. Herein, we summarize the current developments in nano-immunotherapy for each stage of cancer cellular immunity, with special attention on the which, why and what. Furthermore, we summarize the advantages of nanotechnology for combination immunotherapy in two categories: enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. Finally, we discuss the challenges of nano-immunotherapy in detail and provide a perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bingjun Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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112
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Roosenboom B, Horjus Talabur Horje CS, Smids C, Leeuwis JW, van Koolwijk E, Groenen MJM, Wahab PJ, van Lochem EG. Distribution of mucosal PD-1 expressing T cells in patients with colitis of different etiologies. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:671-679. [PMID: 33779456 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1906316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy, targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) enhances antitumor T-cell activity in patients with malignancies. Blocking PD-1 or its ligand may lead to fulminant colitis as serious adverse event in these patients. Since little is known of the presence and role of PD-1+T cells in colitis of different etiologies, we determined PD-1+T cells in mucosal specimens of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, infectious colitis (InfC), immunotherapy-related colitis (ImC) and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Newly diagnosed patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 73), Crohn's disease (CD, n = 50), InfC (n = 5), ImC (n = 8) and HC (n = 8) were included. Baseline inflamed colonic biopsies were studied with immunohistochemistry and flowcytometry. RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, PD-1 was not present on lymphocytes in the epithelium of all patients, nor in HC. The percentage PD-1+ of all lymphocytes in the lamina propria was 40% in UC, 5% in InfC, 3% in ImC and 0% in HC. Flowcytometry showed significant higher percentages of PD-1+T cells in inflamed biopsy specimens of UC patients (22%) compared to all other groups: CD patients (13%), InfC (12%), ImC (5%) and HC (6%). CONCLUSION There are relevant differences in distribution and frequencies of mucosal PD-1+ T-cell subsets in patients with UC, CD, InfC and ImC, supporting the hypothesis that these types of colitis are driven by different immunological pathways. The increased numbers of PD-1+ and PD-L1+ lymphocytes in the colonic mucosa of UC patients suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway might be more activated in UC than in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Roosenboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen S Horjus Talabur Horje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Carolijn Smids
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elly van Koolwijk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J M Groenen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Wahab
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Crohn & Colitis Center, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen G van Lochem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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113
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Levi J, Goth S, Huynh L, Lam T, Huynh TL, Schulte B, Packiasamy JA. 18F-AraG PET for CD8 Profiling of Tumors and Assessment of Immunomodulation by Chemotherapy. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:802-807. [PMID: 33158906 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most clinical trials exploring various combinations of chemo- and immunotherapy rely on serial biopsy to provide information on immune response. The aim of this study was to assess the value of 18F-arabinosyl guanine (18F-AraG) as a noninvasive tool that profiles tumors on the basis of the key player in adaptive antitumor response, CD8+ cells, and evaluates the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy. Methods: To evaluate the ability of 18F-AraG to report on the presence of CD8+ cells within the tumor microenvironment, we imaged a panel of syngeneic tumor models (MC38, CT26, LLC, A9F1, 4T1, and B16F10) and correlated the signal intensity with the number of lymphocytes found in the tumors. The capacity of 18F-AraG to detect immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy was determined by longitudinal imaging of tumor-bearing mice (MC38 and A9F1) undergoing 2 types of chemotherapy: oxaliplatin/cyclophosphamide, shown to induce immunogenic cell death, and paclitaxel/carboplatin, reported to cause immunogenically silent tumor cell death. Results: In the tumor panel, 18F-AraG revealed strikingly different uptake patterns resembling cancer-immune phenotypes observed in the clinic. A statistically significant correlation was found between the 18F-AraG signal and the number of PD-1-positive CD8+ cells isolated from the tumors (r 2 = 0.528, P < 0.0001). In the MC38 model, paclitaxel/carboplatin did not result in an appreciable change in signal after therapy (1.69 ± 0.25 vs. 1.50 ± 0.33 percentage injected dose per gram), but oxaliplatin/cyclophosphamide treatment led to close to a 2.4-fold higher 18F-AraG signal (1.20 ± 0.31 vs. 2.84 ± 0.93 percentage injected dose per gram). The statistically significant increase in signal after oxaliplatin/cyclophosphamide was also observed in the A9F1 model (0.95 ± 0.36 vs. 1.99 ± 0.54 percentage injected dose per gram). Conclusion: The ability of 18F-AraG PET to assess the location and function of CD8+ cells, as well immune activity within tumors after immune priming therapy, warrants further investigation into its utility for patient selection, evaluation of optimal time to deliver immunotherapies, and assessment of combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Levi
- CellSight Technologies Incorporated, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Samuel Goth
- CellSight Technologies Incorporated, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Lyna Huynh
- CellSight Technologies Incorporated, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Tina Lam
- CellSight Technologies Incorporated, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brailee Schulte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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114
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Da Gama Duarte J, Woods K, Quigley LT, Deceneux C, Tutuka C, Witkowski T, Ostrouska S, Hudson C, Tsao SCH, Pasam A, Dobrovic A, Blackburn JM, Cebon J, Behren A. Ropporin-1 and 1B Are Widely Expressed in Human Melanoma and Evoke Strong Humoral Immune Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1805. [PMID: 33918976 PMCID: PMC8069442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that block immune regulatory checkpoints (programmed cell death 1, PD-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CTLA-4) to mobilise immunity have shown unprecedented clinical efficacy against cancer, demonstrating the importance of antigen-specific tumour recognition. Despite this, many patients still fail to benefit from these treatments and additional approaches are being sought. These include mechanisms that boost antigen-specific immunity either by vaccination or adoptive transfer of effector cells. Other than neoantigens, epigenetically regulated and shared antigens such as NY-ESO-1 are attractive targets; however, tissue expression is often heterogeneous and weak. Therefore, peptide-specific therapies combining multiple antigens rationally selected to give additive anti-cancer benefits are necessary to achieve optimal outcomes. Here, we show that Ropporin-1 (ROPN1) and 1B (ROPN1B), cancer restricted antigens, are highly expressed and immunogenic, inducing humoral immunity in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. By multispectral immunohistochemistry, 88.5% of melanoma patients tested (n = 54/61) showed ROPN1B expression in at least 1 of 2/3 tumour cores in tissue microarrays. Antibody responses against ROPN1A and ROPN1B were detected in 71.2% of melanoma patients tested (n = 74/104), with increased reactivity seen with more advanced disease stages. Thus, ROPN1A and ROPN1B may indeed be viable targets for cancer immunotherapy, alone or in combination with other cancer antigens, and could be combined with additional therapies such as immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Da Gama Duarte
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Katherine Woods
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Luke T. Quigley
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Cyril Deceneux
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Candani Tutuka
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Tom Witkowski
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Simone Ostrouska
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Chris Hudson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Simon Chang-Hao Tsao
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Anupama Pasam
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.D.G.D.); (K.W.); (L.T.Q.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (T.W.); (S.O.); (C.H.); (S.C.-H.T.); (A.P.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Austin, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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115
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Wang Y, Song M, Liu M, Zhang G, Zhang X, Li MO, Ma X, Zhang JJ, Huang XY. Fascin inhibitor increases intratumoral dendritic cell activation and anti-cancer immunity. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108948. [PMID: 33826900 PMCID: PMC8050791 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin protein is the main actin-bundling protein in filopodia and invadopodia, which are critical for tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Small-molecule fascin inhibitors block tumor invasion and metastasis and increase the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. Here, we report a finding that fascin blockade additionally reinvigorates anti-tumor immune response in syngeneic mouse models of various cancers. Fascin protein levels are increased in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, fascin inhibitor NP-G2-044 increases the number of intratumoral-activated cDCs and enhances the antigen uptake by cDCs. Furthermore, together with PD-1 blocking antibody, NP-G2-044 markedly increases the number of activated CD8+ T cells in the otherwise anti-PD-1 refractory tumors. Reduction of fascin levels in cDCs, but not fascin gene knockout in tumor cells, mimics the anti-tumor immune effect of NP-G2-044. These data demonstrate that fascin inhibitor NP-G2-044 simultaneously limits tumor metastasis and reinvigorates anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mei Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Program in Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Program in Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Program in Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Xin-Yun Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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116
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Yuan WH, Xie QQ, Wang KP, Shen W, Feng XF, Liu Z, Shi JT, Zhang XB, Zhang K, Deng YJ, Zhou HY. Screening of osteoarthritis diagnostic markers based on immune-related genes and immune infiltration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7032. [PMID: 33782454 PMCID: PMC8007625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of the bone and joints. Immune-related genes and immune cell infiltration are important in OA development. We analyzed immune-related genes and immune infiltrates to identify OA diagnostic markers. The datasets GSE51588, GSE55235, GSE55457, GSE82107, and GSE114007 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. First, R software was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs), and functional correlation analysis was conducted. Second, CIBERSORT was used to evaluate infiltration of immune cells in OA tissue. Finally, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression algorithm and support vector machine-recurrent feature elimination algorithm were used to screen and verify diagnostic markers of OA. A total of 711 DEGs and 270 DEIRGs were identified in this study. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs and DEIRGs are closely related to cellular calcium ion homeostasis, ion channel complexes, chemokine signaling pathways, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Differential analysis of immune cell infiltration showed that M1 macrophage infiltration was increased but that mast cell and neutrophil infiltration were decreased in OA samples. The machine learning algorithm cross-identified 15 biomarkers (BTC, PSMD8, TLR3, IL7, APOD, CIITA, IFIH1, CDC42, FGF9, TNFAIP3, CX3CR1, ERAP2, SEMA3D, MPO, and plasma cells). According to pass validation, all 15 biomarkers had high diagnostic efficacy (AUC > 0.7), and the diagnostic efficiency was higher when the 15 biomarkers were fitted into one variable (AUC = 0.758). We developed 15 biomarkers for OA diagnosis. The findings provide a new understanding of the molecular mechanism of OA from the perspective of immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xichang People's Hospital, Xichang, 615000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qi Xie
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Xigu District People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Tao Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Xigu District People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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He Q, Li Q, Lv F, Kaitin KI, Shao L. A Survey of Survival Outcomes for Targeted Cancer Drugs Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2021; 55:676-684. [PMID: 33683659 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-021-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last two decades have witnessed the vigorous development of targeted cancer drugs and the potent therapeutic effects of these drugs have been validated by various true and surrogate end points. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes were two important end points used in targeted cancer drugs clinical trials but investigation on which was rare as a consequence of inherent heterogeneity and complexity. Here, we present the review and analysis of OS and PFS outcomes of all targeted cancer drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) through December 31, 2019, in the setting of clinical studies. METHODS The targeted cancer drug directory was accessed via NCI website. The survival outcomes of those drugs in the setting of clinical trials were collected from publicly available Package Inserts and ClinicalTrials.gov. Median overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes were summarized for targeted cancer drugs that were evaluated as monotherapies in clinical trials, contributions of targeted drugs to combination therapies in terms of survival benefit were analyzed, survival outcomes of FDA-approved first-line targeted therapies in different cancers were investigated, and the correlation between the absolute OS gain (ΔOS) and PFS gain (ΔPFS) as well as the hazard ratios for PFS (HRPFS) and OS (HROS) between comparative arms of available randomized clinical trials was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 223 indications for 126 targeted cancer drugs have been approved by the FDA through December 31, 2019, among which 28 indications of 23 drugs have been approved for first-line therapies. Eighty indications for leukemia, lymphoma, and rare cancer types without survival data were excluded in the investigation of survival outcomes. For the remaining 143 indications, 99 were approved as monotherapies and 72 were approved as combination therapies. Among monotherapy subset, 18 of 72 (25%) indications with available OS outcomes have maximum median OS less than 12 months, 55 of 72 (76%) drug indications have maximum median OS less than 24 months, and 67 of 72 (93%) have maximum median OS less than 36 months. Regarding PFS, 38 of 88 (43%) drug indications have maximum median PFS less than 6 months, 69 of 88 (78%) drug indications have maximum median PFS less than 12 months, and 84 of 88 (95%) drug indications have maximum median PFS less than 24 months. The addition of targeted drugs to combination regimens under FDA's approval provided notable survival benefit, but the median value of OS gain rate of the available combination regimens was lower than that of PFS. The univariate Spearman Rank correlation coefficient suggested a significant positive correlation between ΔOS and ΔPFS (R = 0.62) but a weak correlation between HROS and HRPFS (R = 0.11) in 46 randomized clinical trials that investigated contributions of targeted cancer drugs to combination therapies with available data. A moderate correlation between ΔOS and ΔPFS (R = 0.43) and a rather weak correlation between HROS and HRPFS (R = 0.07) were also found in other randomized clinical trials that included in our study with available data. CONCLUSIONS The survival benefit provided by targeted cancer drugs varied a lot among cancer types. Though targeted cancer drugs showed improvements in both OS and PFS in approved combination regimens, the median value of OS gain rate was lower than that of PFS. As only weak correlation was found between HRPFS and HROS, the evidence supporting the use of PFS as a surrogate to OS in the setting of targeted cancer drugs might also be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Shanghai Center for iDrug Discovery & Development, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fanzhen Lv
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 221 West Yan'an Road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kenneth I Kaitin
- Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Center for iDrug Discovery & Development, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Bourhis J, Stein A, Paul de Boer J, Van Den Eynde M, Gold KA, Stintzing S, Becker JC, Moran M, Schroeder A, Pennock G, Salmio S, Esser R, Ciardiello F. Avelumab and cetuximab as a therapeutic combination: An overview of scientific rationale and current clinical trials in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 97:102172. [PMID: 33989949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment outcomes have improved with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors and small molecule inhibitors. However, many patients do not respond with single agents. Consequently, ongoing research is focused on the use of combination therapies to increase clinical efficacy by potential synergistic effects. Here, we outline ongoing trials and review the rationale and evidence for the combination of avelumab, an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAb), with cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) IgG1 mAb. Avelumab is approved as a monotherapy for the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, and in combination with axitinib for renal cell carcinoma; cetuximab is approved in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, and in combination with radiation therapy for SCCHN. Avelumab binds to PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells and immune regulatory cells, thus blocking its interaction with programmed death 1 and reventing T-cell suppression; cetuximab inhibits the EGFR signaling pathway, inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Both therapies have complementary mechanisms of action and may also activate the immune system to induce innate effector function through the binding of their Fc regions to natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, cetuximab combined with chemotherapy has been shown to induce immunogenic cell death and leads to an increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T and NK cells, which should synergize with the immunostimulatory effects of avelumab. Prospective studies will investigate this combination and inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bourhis
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service de Radio-oncologie, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Stein
- Hematology-Oncology Practice Hamburg (HOPE), University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Paul de Boer
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Van Den Eynde
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institut Roi Albert II, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathryn A Gold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Research Institute (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gregory Pennock
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA(2)
| | | | | | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Patnaik A, Yap TA, Chung HC, de Miguel MJ, Bang YJ, Lin CC, Su WC, Italiano A, Chow KH, Szpurka AM, Yu D, Zhao Y, Carlsen M, Schmidt S, Vangerow B, Gandhi L, Xu X, Bendell J. Safety and Clinical Activity of a New Anti-PD-L1 Antibody as Monotherapy or Combined with Targeted Therapy in Advanced Solid Tumors: The PACT Phase Ia/Ib Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1267-1277. [PMID: 33229456 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase Ia/Ib PACT study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of a new programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, LY3300054, as monotherapy or in combination with ramucirumab, abemaciclib, or merestinib (a type II MET kinase inhibitor) in patients with advanced, refractory solid tumors (NCT02791334). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were enrolled into cohorts of escalating LY3300054 dose (phase Ia) as monotherapy (N = 15) or combined with ramucirumab (N = 10), abemaciclib (N = 24), or merestinib (N = 12). The phase Ib dose expansion enrolled 8 patients with melanoma in the monotherapy arm and 12 patients with pancreatic cancer in the merestinib combination arm. Combination treatments were administered concurrently from day 1 of each cycle. A 14-day lead-in abemaciclib arm was also explored. Primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and safety. RESULTS Treatment-related adverse events included fatigue and nausea in the monotherapy arm (13% for each), hypothyroidism (30%) in the ramucirumab arm, diarrhea (54%) in the abemaciclib arm, and nausea (25%) in the merestinib arm. DLTs associated with hepatoxicity were observed in 3 of 4 patients in the abemaciclib lead-in cohorts. No DLTs or grade 3 or 4 hepatoxicity were reported in the concurrent abemaciclib arm. Pharmacokinetic characteristics were comparable with other PD-L1 inhibitors. One patient in each arm experienced a partial response per RECIST v1.1 lasting ≥7 months. CONCLUSIONS LY3300054 was well tolerated without unexpected safety concerns when administered alone or concurrently with ramucirumab, abemaciclib, or merestinib. Lead-in abemaciclib before combining with LY3300054 was not feasible due to hepatotoxicity. Durable clinical benefits were seen in all regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Patnaik
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, Texas.
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | | | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Kay Hoong Chow
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Danni Yu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yumin Zhao
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
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Wang X, Wang Y, Hu J, Xu H. An antitumor peptide RS17-targeted CD47, design, synthesis, and antitumor activity. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2125-2136. [PMID: 33629544 PMCID: PMC7957188 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD47 is a widely expressed transmembrane protein located on the surface of somatic cells. It mediates a variety of cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, adhesion, and migration. An important role for CD47 is the transmission of a “Don't eat me” signal by interacting with SIRPα on the macrophage surface membrane, thereby preventing the phagocytosis of normal cells. However, cancer cells can take advantage of this autogenous signal to protect themselves from phagocytosis, thus enabling immune escape. Blocking the interaction between CD47 and SIRPα has proven to be effective in removing cancer cells. The treatment of various cancers with CD47 monoclonal antibodies has also been validated. Methods We designed and synthesized a peptide (RS17), which can specifically bind to CD47 and block CD47‐SIRPα signaling. The affinity of RS17 for CD47‐expressing tumor cells was determined, while the inhibition of CD47‐SIRPα signaling was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results The results indicated that RS17 significantly promotes the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages and had a similar therapeutic effect compared with a positive control (CD47 monoclonal antibodies). In addition, a cancer xenograft mouse model was established using CD47‐expressing HepG2 cells to evaluate the effect of RS17 on tumor growth in vivo. Using ex vivo and in vivo mouse models, RS17 demonstrated a high inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Conclusions Based on our results, RS17 may represent a novel therapeutic peptide for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Wang
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialiang Hu
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Huang X, Wang C, Wang N. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells strengthen cisplatin inhibition activity against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by disrupting mitochondrial function and cell ultrastructure. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:113. [PMID: 33593340 PMCID: PMC7885429 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer ranks second of new cases and fifth of death in 2018 worldwide. Cis-platinum (CDDP) has been used as a chemotherapy to treat breast cancer for years. However, CDDP can adversely disrupt immune function of host. Thus, development of new protocol that can minimize side effect and meanwhile elevate clinical efficacy of CDDP will eventually benefit cancer patients. Since Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can up-regulate immune function of cancer patients, therefore, our hypothesis is that introduction of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could potentiate CDDP efficacy against breast cancer. METHODS We used breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 as model cell to test our hypothesis. The cancer cell viability in vitro in the context of different dose of CDDP was analyzed by flow cytometry. The cytoskeleton alteration was visualized by confocal microscopy, and the ultrastructure of cell membrane was observed by atomic force microscopy. The mitochondrial function of MDA-MB-231 cells was detected as well by flow cytometry. RESULTS Comparing to either Vγ9Vδ2 T cells or CDDP alone, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells plus CDDP could more strikingly induce MDA-MB-231 cell membrane ultrastructure disruption and cytoskeleton disorder, and more significantly enhance the inhibition of CDDP on proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. At the same time, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells strengthened CDDP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction of cancer cells. CONCLUSION This work revealed that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could synergistically enhance the inhibition activity of CDDP against breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, this in vitro proof-of-concept study implied the clinical prospect of the combining application of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and CDDP in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningxia Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Kim J, Kim YJ, Cao M, De Mel N, Albarghouthi M, Miller K, Bee JS, Wang J, Wang X. Analytical characterization of coformulated antibodies as combination therapy. MAbs 2021; 12:1738691. [PMID: 32138591 PMCID: PMC7153825 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1738691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
When two therapeutic agents are combined in a single formulation, i.e., coformulated, the quality and safety of the individual agents must be preserved. Here we describe an approach to evaluate the quality attributes of two individual monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designated mAb-A and mAb-B, in coformulation. The mAbs were fractionated from heat-stressed coformulated drug product (DP) by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Each purified mAb fraction was then compared with mAb-A and mAb-B in their individual formulations from the same drug substance sources used to make the coformulated DP lot, which was subjected to the same stress conditions. Product variants were evaluated and compared by using several analytical tests, including high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), reducing and nonreducing gel electrophoresis, ion-exchange chromatography, capillary isoelectric focusing, and peptide mapping with mass spectrometry. Intermolecular interactions in coformulated and photostressed DPs were studied by evaluating aggregates fractionated from coformulated DP by HPSEC. Aggregate fractions of coformulated DP contained dimers, but not coaggregates, of mAb-A or mAb-B. Moreover, extensive assays for higher-order structure and biological interactions confirmed that there was no interaction between the two mAb molecules in the coformulation. These results demonstrate that the two coformulated therapeutic mAbs had the same quality attributes as the individually formulated mAb-A and mAb-B, no new quality attributes were formed, and no physicochemical, intermolecular, or biological interactions occurred between the two components. The approach described here can be used to monitor the product quality of other coformulated antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kim
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yoen Joo Kim
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mingyan Cao
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Niluka De Mel
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Methal Albarghouthi
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Jared S Bee
- Formulation and Drug Development, REGENXBIO Inc, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jihong Wang
- Analytical Sciences, Viela Bio, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Biopharmaceutical Development and Operations, Viela Bio, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Morgensztern D, Dols MC, Ponce Aix S, Postmus PE, Bennouna J, Fischer JR, Juan-Vidal O, Stewart DJ, Ardizzoni A, Bhore R, Wolfsteiner M, Reck M, Talbot D, Govindan R, Ong TJ. nab-Paclitaxel Plus Durvalumab in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (ABOUND.2L+). Front Oncol 2021; 10:569715. [PMID: 33643895 PMCID: PMC7906015 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.569715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The standard therapy for advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with no actionable gene alterations is a platinum-based chemotherapy doublet and immune checkpoint blocker (ICB), either concurrently or sequentially, followed by docetaxel at the time of tumor progression. However, more effective treatments are needed. We evaluated the nab-paclitaxel and durvalumab combination in patients with previously treated advanced stage NSCLC. Methods: Patients with advanced stage NSCLC previously treated with one line of platinum-based doublet with or without an ICB and no activating EGFR mutations or ALK translocations received nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 (days 1 and 8) plus durvalumab 1,125 mg (day 15) every 21 days. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Key secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety. Results: Between February 2016 and December 2016, 79 patients were enrolled. The median age was 63 years. Most patients were males (68.4%), had non-squamous histology (69.6%), and had no prior ICB treatment (88.6%). The median PFS was 4.5 months; median OS was 10.1 months. A post hoc analysis of survival by prior ICB treatment revealed a median PFS and OS of 4.4 and 9.9 months, respectively, in ICB-naive patients and 6.9 months and not estimable, respectively, in patients previously treated with ICB. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were asthenia (46.2%) and diarrhea (34.6%); four treatment-related deaths (5.1%) occurred. Conclusions: The nab-paclitaxel and durvalumab combination is feasible and demonstrated antitumor activity without new safety signals. Additional studies using taxanes and ICB in patients with previously treated NSCLC are warranted. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration (NCT02250326). EudraCT number: 2014-001105-41.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Cobo Dols
- Hospital Universitario Málaga Regional, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Santiago Ponce Aix
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica de Cáncer Pulmón H12O-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaafar Bennouna
- Centre René Gauducheau Centre de Lutte Contre Le Cancer Nantes Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna-Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rafia Bhore
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Marianne Wolfsteiner
- Pharmaceutical Research Associates Inc. (PRA) Health Sciences, Lenexa, KS, United States
| | | | | | | | - Teng Jin Ong
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
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Targeting the PD-1 Axis with Pembrolizumab for Recurrent or Metastatic Cancer of the Uterine Cervix: A Brief Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041807. [PMID: 33670397 PMCID: PMC7917788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though cervical cancer is partly preventable, it still poses a great public health problem throughout the world. Current therapies have vastly improved the clinical outcomes of cervical cancer patients, but progress in new systemic treatment modalities has been slow in the last years. Especially for patients with advanced disease this is discouraging, as their prognosis remains very poor. The pathogen-induced nature, the considerable mutational load, the involvement of genes regulating the immune response, and the high grade of immune infiltration, suggest that immunotherapy might be a promising strategy to treat cervical cancer. In this literature review, we focus on the use of PD-1 blocking therapy in cervical cancer, pembrolizumab in particular, as it is the only approved immunotherapy for this disease. We discuss why it has great clinical potential, how it opens doors for personalized treatment in cervical cancer, and which trials are aiming to expand its clinical use.
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Grabowska J, Affandi AJ, van Dinther D, Nijen Twilhaar MK, Olesek K, Hoogterp L, Ambrosini M, Heijnen DAM, Klaase L, Hidalgo A, Asano K, Crocker PR, Storm G, van Kooyk Y, den Haan JMM. Liposome induction of CD8 + T cell responses depends on CD169 + macrophages and Batf3-dependent dendritic cells and is enhanced by GM3 inclusion. J Control Release 2021; 331:309-320. [PMID: 33493613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines aim to efficiently prime cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses which can be achieved by vaccine targeting to dendritic cells. CD169+ macrophages have been shown to transfer antigen to dendritic cells and could act as an alternative target for cancer vaccines. Here, we evaluated liposomes containing the CD169/Siglec-1 binding ligand, ganglioside GM3, and the non-binding ligand, ganglioside GM1, for their capacity to target antigens to CD169+ macrophages and to induce immune responses. CD169+ macrophages demonstrated specific uptake of GM3 liposomes in vitro and in vivo that was dependent on a functional CD169 receptor. Robust antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T and B cell responses were observed upon intravenous administration of GM3 liposomes containing the model antigen ovalbumin in the presence of adjuvant. Immunization of B16-OVA tumor bearing mice with all liposomes resulted in delayed tumor growth and improved survival. The absence of CD169+ macrophages, functional CD169 molecules, and cross-presenting Batf3-dependent dendritic cells (cDC1s) significantly impaired CD8+ T cell responses, while B cell responses were less affected. In conclusion, we demonstrate that inclusion of GM3 in liposomes enhance immune responses and that splenic CD169+ macrophages and cDC1s are required for induction of CD8+ T cell immunity after liposomal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grabowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A J Affandi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - D van Dinther
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M K Nijen Twilhaar
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K Olesek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Hoogterp
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Ambrosini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - D A M Heijnen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Klaase
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - P R Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - G Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Y van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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126
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Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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127
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Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, Singal AG, Pikarsky E, Roayaie S, Lencioni R, Koike K, Zucman-Rossi J, Finn RS. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33479224 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2928] [Impact Index Per Article: 976.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer remains a global health challenge, with an estimated incidence of >1 million cases by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and accounts for ~90% of cases. Infection by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the main risk factors for HCC development, although non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus is becoming a more frequent risk factor in the West. Moreover, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated HCC has a unique molecular pathogenesis. Approximately 25% of all HCCs present with potentially actionable mutations, which are yet to be translated into the clinical practice. Diagnosis based upon non-invasive criteria is currently challenged by the need for molecular information that requires tissue or liquid biopsies. The current major advancements have impacted the management of patients with advanced HCC. Six systemic therapies have been approved based on phase III trials (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab) and three additional therapies have obtained accelerated FDA approval owing to evidence of efficacy. New trials are exploring combination therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors or anti-VEGF therapies, or even combinations of two immunotherapy regimens. The outcomes of these trials are expected to change the landscape of HCC management at all evolutionary stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Llovet
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Translational Research in Hepatic Oncology, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institució Catalana d'Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Robin Kate Kelley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amit G Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sasan Roayaie
- White Plains Hospital Center for Cancer Care, Montefiore Health, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Riccardo Lencioni
- Department of Radiology, Pisa University School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Radiology, Miami Cancer Insitute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Richard S Finn
- Department of Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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128
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Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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129
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Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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130
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Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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131
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Cheng H, Tsao H, Chiang C, Chen S. Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Cancer Immune-Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001451. [PMID: 33135398 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a cutting-edge strategy that eliminates cancer cells by amplifying the host's immune system. However, the low response rate and risks of inducing systemic toxicity have raised uncertainty in the treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a versatile theranostic tool can be used to target delivery of multiple immunotherapeutics and monitor cell/tissue responses. These capabilities enable the real-time characterization of the factors that contribute to immunoactivity so that future treatments can be optimized. The magnetic properties of MNPs further allow the implementation of magnetic navigation and magnetic hyperthermia for boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. The multimodal approach opens an avenue to induce robust immune responses, minimize safety issues, and monitor immune activities simultaneously. Thus, the object of this review is to provide an overview of the burgeoning fields and to highlight novel technologies for next-generation immunotherapy. The review further correlates the properties of MNPs with the latest treatment strategies to explore the crosstalk between magnetic nanomaterials and the immune system. This comprehensive review of MNP-derived immunotherapy covers the obstacles and opportunities for future development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung‐Wei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yi Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Sheng Chiang
- Cell Therapy Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung 40421 Taiwan
| | - San‐Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807378 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science China Medical University Taichung 40421 Taiwan
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132
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Carreira B, Acúrcio RC, Matos AI, Peres C, Pozzi S, Vaskovich‐Koubi D, Kleiner R, Bento M, Satchi‐Fainaro R, Florindo HF. Nanomedicines as Multifunctional Modulators of Melanoma Immune Microenvironment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Carreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Rita C. Acúrcio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Ana I. Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Daniella Vaskovich‐Koubi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Ron Kleiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Mariana Bento
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Ronit Satchi‐Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
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133
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Su Z, Wang B, Almo SC, Wu Y. Understanding the Targeting Mechanisms of Multi-Specific Biologics in Immunotherapy with Multiscale Modeling. iScience 2020; 23:101835. [PMID: 33305190 PMCID: PMC7710644 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutics are frequently associated with adverse side effects due to the elicitation of global immune modulation. To lower the risk of these side effects, recombinant DNA technology is employed to enhance the selectivity of cell targeting by genetically fusing different biomolecules, yielding new species referred to as multi-specific biologics. The design of new multi-specific biologics is a central challenge for the realization of new immunotherapies. To understand the molecular determinants responsible for regulating the binding between multi-specific biologics and surface-bound membrane receptors, we developed a multiscale computational framework that integrates various simulation approaches covering different timescales and spatial resolutions. Our model system of multi-specific biologics contains two natural ligands of immune receptors, which are covalently tethered by a peptide linker. Using this method, a number of interesting features of multi-specific biologics were identified. Our study therefore provides an important strategy to design the next-generation biologics for immunotherapy. Two proteins are connected by different linkers as a model of bispecific biologics Conformational dynamics of biologics are captured by microsecond MD simulations Coarse-grained simulations are used to test binding between biologics and receptors Biologics with long and flexible linkers are more efficient in targeting receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Su
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yinghao Wu
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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134
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Cai Y, Tian Y, Wang J, Wei W, Tang Q, Lu L, Luo Z, Li W, Lu Y, Pu J, Yang Z. Identification of Driver Genes Regulating the T-Cell-Infiltrating Levels in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:560546. [PMID: 33381145 PMCID: PMC7767976 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.560546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The driver genes regulating T-cell infiltration are important for understanding immune-escape mechanisms and developing more effective immunotherapy. However, researches in this field have rarely been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we identified cancer driver genes triggered by copy number alterations such as CDKN2B, MYC, TSC1, TP53, and GSK3B. The T-cell infiltration levels were significantly decreased in both HCC and recurrent HCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal liver tissues. Remarkably, we identified that copy number losses of MAX and TP53 were candidate driver genes that significantly suppress T-cell infiltration in HCC. Accordingly, their downstream oncogenic pathway, cell cycle, was significantly activated in the low T-cell infiltration HCC. Moreover, the chemokine-related target genes by TP53, which played key roles in T-cell recruitment, were also downregulated in HCC with TP53/MAX deletions, suggesting that copy number losses in MAX and TP53 might result in T-cell depletion in HCC via downregulating chemokines. Clinically, the T-cell infiltration levels and chemokines activity could accurately predict the response of sorafenib, and the prognostic outcomes in HCC. In conclusion, the systematic analysis not only facilitates identification of driver genes and signaling pathways involved in T-cell infiltration and immune escape, but also gains more insights into the functional roles of T cells in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianchu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Libai Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zongjiang Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Wenchuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jian Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhengxia Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
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135
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Balog A, Lin TA, Maley D, Gullo-Brown J, Kandoussi EH, Zeng J, Hunt JT. Preclinical Characterization of Linrodostat Mesylate, a Novel, Potent, and Selective Oral Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:467-476. [PMID: 33298590 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors can exploit the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) pathway to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Activated IDO1 metabolizes tryptophan into immunosuppressive kynurenine, leading to suppressed effector T-cell (Teff) proliferation, allowing for tumor escape from host immune surveillance. IDO1 inhibition counteracts this immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and may improve cancer outcomes, particularly when combined with other immunotherapies. Linrodostat mesylate (linrodostat) is a potent, selective oral IDO1 inhibitor that occupies the heme cofactor-binding site to prevent further IDO1 activation and is currently in multiple clinical trials for treatment of patients with advanced cancers. Here, we assess the in vitro potency, in vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) activity, and preclinical pharmacokinetics (PKs) of linrodostat. Linrodostat exhibited potent cellular activity, suppressing kynurenine production in HEK293 cells overexpressing human IDO1 and HeLa cells stimulated with IFNγ, with no activity against tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase or murine indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 detected. Linrodostat restored T-cell proliferation in a mixed-lymphocyte reaction of T cells and allogeneic IDO1-expressing dendritic cells. In vivo, linrodostat reduced kynurenine levels in human tumor xenograft models, exhibiting significant PD activity. Linrodostat demonstrated a PK/PD relationship in the xenograft model, preclinical species, and samples from patients with advanced cancers, with high oral bioavailability in preclinical species and low to moderate systemic clearance. Our data demonstrate that linrodostat potently and specifically inhibits IDO1 to block an immunosuppressive mechanism that could be responsible for tumor escape from host immune surveillance with favorable PK/PD characteristics that support clinical development.
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136
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Gomatou G, Tzilas V, Kotteas E, Syrigos K, Bouros D. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis. Respiration 2020; 99:932-942. [PMID: 33260191 DOI: 10.1159/000509941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel agents that have been proved efficacious in a variety of cancer types, but they are associated with a unique set of organ-specific, immune-related adverse events. Among them, immune-related pneumonitis requires special attention because it is difficult to diagnose and potentially lethal. Accumulating real-world epidemiological data suggest that immune-related pneumonitis is more frequent than previously reported. Its diagnosis requires exclusion of other causes and assessment of radiographic features on high-resolution CT of the chest. Management of immune-related pneumonitis is based on the use of immunosuppressants. Future research should be focused on finding predictive biomarkers for immune-related pneumonitis as well as optimizing its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Gomatou
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, .,Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece,
| | - Vasilios Tzilas
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Kotteas
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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137
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Tremblay ML, O’Brien-Moran Z, Rioux JA, Nuschke A, Davis C, Kast WM, Weir G, Stanford M, Brewer KD. Quantitative MRI cell tracking of immune cell recruitment to tumors and draining lymph nodes in response to anti-PD-1 and a DPX-based immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1851539. [PMID: 33299663 PMCID: PMC7714509 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1851539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
DPX is a unique T cell activating formulation that generates robust immune responses (both clinically and preclinically) which can be tailored to various cancers via the use of tumor-specific antigens and adjuvants. While DPX-based immunotherapies may act complementary with checkpoint inhibitors, combination therapy is not always easily predictable based on individual therapeutic responses. Optimizing these combinations can be improved by understanding the mechanism of action underlying the individual therapies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows tracking of cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), which can yield valuable information about the localization of crucial immune cell subsets. In this work, we evaluated the use of a multi-echo, single point MRI pulse sequence, TurboSPI, for tracking and quantifying cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and myeloid lineage cells (MLCs). In a subcutaneous cervical cancer model (C3) we compared untreated mice to mice treated with either a single therapy (anti-PD-1 or DPX-R9F) or a combination of both therapies. We were able to detect, using TurboSPI, significant increases in CTL recruitment dynamics in response to combination therapy. We also observed differences in MLC recruitment to therapy-draining (DPX-R9F) lymph nodes in response to treatment with DPX-R9F (alone or in combination with anti-PD-1). We demonstrated that the therapies presented herein induced time-varying changes in cell recruitment. This work establishes that these quantitative molecular MRI techniques can be expanded to study a number of cancer and immunotherapy combinations to improve our understanding of longitudinal immunological changes and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laurence Tremblay
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IMV Inc, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Zoe O’Brien-Moran
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - James A. Rioux
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrea Nuschke
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christa Davis
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - W. Martin Kast
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Marianne Stanford
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IMV Inc, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kimberly D. Brewer
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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138
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Tu MM, Abdel-Hafiz HA, Jones RT, Jean A, Hoff KJ, Duex JE, Chauca-Diaz A, Costello JC, Dancik GM, Tamburini BAJ, Czerniak B, Kaye J, Theodorescu D. Inhibition of the CCL2 receptor, CCR2, enhances tumor response to immune checkpoint therapy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:720. [PMID: 33247183 PMCID: PMC7699641 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are now a mainstay in the clinical management of multiple cancer types, however, many tumors still fail to respond. CCL2 is highly expressed in various cancer types and has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition or blockade of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis has thus been an area of interest for cancer therapy. Here we show across multiple murine tumor and metastasis models that CCR2 antagonism in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy leads to sensitization and enhanced tumor response over anti-PD-1 monotherapy. We show that enhanced treatment response correlates with enhanced CD8+ T cell recruitment and activation and a concomitant decrease in CD4+ regulatory T cell. These results provide strong preclinical rationale for further clinical exploration of combining CCR2 antagonism with PD-1/PD-L1-directed immunotherapies across multiple tumor types especially given the availability of small molecule CCR2 inhibitors and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Tu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Annie Jean
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katelyn J Hoff
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason E Duex
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ana Chauca-Diaz
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Garrett M Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Kaye
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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139
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Chen M, Hu S, Li Y, Jiang TT, Jin H, Feng L. Targeting nuclear acid-mediated immunity in cancer immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:270. [PMID: 33214545 PMCID: PMC7677403 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy especially immune checkpoint inhibition has achieved unprecedented successes in cancer treatment. However, there are many patients who failed to benefit from these therapies, highlighting the need for new combinations to increase the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the latest discoveries on the combination of nucleic acid-sensing immunity and immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy. Given the critical role of nuclear acid-mediated immunity in maintaining the activation of T cell function, it seems that harnessing the nuclear acid-mediated immunity opens up new strategies to enhance the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors for tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoqin Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Shiman Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yiling Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Ting Ting Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
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140
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Liu Q, Cheng R, Kong X, Wang Z, Fang Y, Wang J. Molecular and Clinical Characterization of PD-1 in Breast Cancer Using Large-Scale Transcriptome Data. Front Immunol 2020; 11:558757. [PMID: 33329517 PMCID: PMC7718028 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.558757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the impressive impact of PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1)-targeted cancer immunotherapy, a great part of patients with cancer fail to respond. PD-1 impact on immune cells in addition to T cells, and the synergistic role of PD-1 with other immune modulators remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we systematically investigated PD-1-related transcriptome data and relevant clinical information derived from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and METABRIC (Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium), which involved a total of 2,994 breast cancer patients. Our results revealed the relationship among PD-1 and major molecular and clinical characteristics in breast cancer. More importantly, we depicted the association landscape between PD-1 and other immune cell populations. Gene ontology analyses and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) of genes correlated with PD-1 revealed that PD-1 was mainly involved in immune responses and inflammatory activities. We also elucidated the association of PD-1 with other immune modulators in pan-cancer level, especially the potential synergistic relationship between PD-1 and other immune checkpoints members in breast cancer. In short, the expression level of PD-1 was bound up with breast cancer malignancy, which could be used as a potential biomarker; PD-1 might manipulate the anti-tumor immune response by impacting not just T cells, and this might vary among different tumor types. Furthermore, PD-1 might synergize with other immune checkpoint members to modulate the immune microenvironment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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141
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Lung J, Hung MS, Lin YC, Hung CH, Chen CC, Lee KD, Tsai YH. Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation of PD-1 Dimer Stabilizers for Uncoupling PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction from Natural Products. Molecules 2020; 25:E5293. [PMID: 33202823 PMCID: PMC7696397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations accumulated overtime could generate many growth and survival advantages for cancer cells, but these mutations also mark cancer cells as targets to be eliminated by the immune system. To evade immune surveillance, cancer cells adopted different intrinsic molecules to suppress immune response. PD-L1 is frequently overexpressed in many cancer cells, and its engagement with PD-1 on T cells diminishes the extent of cytotoxicity from the immune system. To resume immunity for fighting cancer, several therapeutic antibodies disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have been introduced in clinical practice. However, their immunogenicity, low tissue penetrance, and high production costs rendered these antibodies beneficial to only a limited number of patients. PD-L1 dimer formation shields the interaction interface for PD-1 binding; hence, screening for small molecule compounds stabilizing the PD-L1 dimer may make immune therapy more effective and widely affordable. In the current study, 111 candidates were selected from over 180,000 natural compound structures through virtual screening, contact fingerprint analysis, and pharmacological property prediction. Twenty-two representative candidates were further evaluated in vitro. Two compounds were found capable of inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and promoting PD-L1 dimer formation. Further structure optimization and clinical development of these lead inhibitors will eventually lead to more effective and affordable immunotherapeutic drugs for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jrhau Lung
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch 613, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Szu Hung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch 613, Taiwan; (M.-S.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chiayi Campus, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch 613, Taiwan; (M.-S.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chiayi Campus, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch 613, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Ying Huang Tsai
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch 333, Taiwan
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142
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Nimmagadda S. Quantifying PD-L1 Expression to Monitor Immune Checkpoint Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113173. [PMID: 33137949 PMCID: PMC7692040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant cells hijack the regulatory roles of immune checkpoint proteins for immune evasion and survival. Therapeutics blocking those proteins can restore the balance of the immune system and lead to durable responses in cancer patients. Although a subset of patients derive benefit, there are few non-invasive technologies to guide and monitor those therapies to improve success rates. This is a review of the advancements in non-invasive methods for quantification of immune checkpoint protein programmed death ligand 1 expression, a biomarker detected by immunohistochemistry and widely used for guiding immune checkpoint therapy. Abstract Therapeutics targeting programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein and its receptor PD-1 are now dominant players in restoring anti-tumor immune responses. PD-L1 detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is emerging as a reproducible biomarker for guiding patient stratification for those therapies in some cancers. However, PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment is highly complex. It is upregulated by aberrant genetic alterations, and is highly regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and protein levels. Thus, PD-L1 IHC is inadequate to fully understand the relevance of PD-L1 levels in the whole body and their dynamics to improve therapeutic outcomes. Imaging technologies could potentially assist in meeting that need. Early clinical investigations show promising results in quantifying PD-L1 expression in the whole body by positron emission tomography (PET). Within this context, this review summarizes advancements in regulation of PD-L1 expression and imaging agents, and in PD-L1 PET for drug development, and discusses opportunities and challenges presented by these innovations for guiding immune checkpoint therapy (ICT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Nimmagadda
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; ; Tel.: +1-410-502-6244; Fax: +1-410-614-3147
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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143
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Lai TL, Sklar M, Weissmueller NT. Novel Clinical Trial Designs and Statistical Methods in the Era of Precision Medicine. Stat Biopharm Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19466315.2020.1814403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tze Leung Lai
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Center for Innovative Study Design, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael Sklar
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nikolas Thomas Weissmueller
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA
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144
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Barberio AE, Smith SG, Correa S, Nguyen C, Nhan B, Melo M, Tokatlian T, Suh H, Irvine DJ, Hammond PT. Cancer Cell Coating Nanoparticles for Optimal Tumor-Specific Cytokine Delivery. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11238-11253. [PMID: 32692155 PMCID: PMC7530125 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although cytokine therapy is an attractive strategy to build a more robust immune response in tumors, cytokines have faced clinical failures due to toxicity. In particular, interleukin-12 has shown great clinical promise but was limited in translation because of systemic toxicity. In this study, we demonstrate an enhanced ability to reduce toxicity without affecting the efficacy of IL-12 therapy. We engineer the material properties of a NP to meet the enhanced demands for optimal cytokine delivery by using the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach. Importantly, using LbL, we demonstrate cell-level trafficking of NPs to preferentially localize to the cell's outer surface and act as a drug depot, which is required for optimal payload activity on neighboring cytokine membrane receptors. LbL-NPs showed efficacy against a tumor challenge in both colorectal and ovarian tumors at doses that were not tolerated when administered carrier-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E. Barberio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 183 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sean G Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 183 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Santiago Correa
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames Street, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Cathy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames Street, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Bang Nhan
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481
| | - Mariane Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Talar Tokatlian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames Street, Cambridge MA 02142, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 183 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies
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145
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Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK-STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:1451-1463. [PMID: 32951108 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapies targeting the immune checkpoint molecules programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) have been explored in various malignant tumours. In this study, we examined the relationship between PDL-1, IDO1 and JAK2 expression and the roles of these signal pathways in soft tissue leiomyosarcoma (LMS). METHODS The next-generation sequencing data of 53 patients with LMS were obtained from an online public database and were used to assess PD-L1, IDO1 and JAK2 gene amplification and mRNA expression. Then, we determined the relationship between JAK-STAT pathway activation and PD-L1 and IDO1 expression in a LMS cell line. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of 69 cases of LMS was performed for PD-L1, IDO1, TDO2 and phosphorylated JAK2 (pJAK2). RESULTS Comprehensive gene expression analysis using microarray and RNA-Seq data revealed that PD-L1 and IDO1 mRNA expression positively correlated with JAK2 and STAT1 mRNA expression. Two of the 53 cases exhibited PD-L1 and JAK2 gene amplification; however, they were not related to their gene expression. LMS cell line analysis revealed that IFN-γ supplementation induced IDO1 and PD-L1 expression; these effects were suppressed by JAK inhibition. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected specimens revealed that TDO2 expression positively correlated with pJAK2 (P = 0.0490) and IDO1 expression (P < 0.0001). PD-L1-positive specimens tended to express pJAK2; however, the relationship did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.1477). CONCLUSION The results suggest the possible feasibility of the combined inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 or IDO1 with IFN-γ-JAK-STAT pathway inhibition to treat soft tissue LMS.
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146
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Peng P, Hu H, Liu P, Xu LX. Neoantigen-specific CD4 + T-cell response is critical for the therapeutic efficacy of cryo-thermal therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2019-000421. [PMID: 32938627 PMCID: PMC7497524 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional tumor thermal ablations, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation, can result in good local control of tumor, but traditional tumor thermal ablations are limited by poor long-term survival due to the failure of control of distal metastasis. Our previous studies developed a novel cryo-thermal therapy to treat the B16F10 melanoma mouse model. Long-term survival and T-cell-mediated durable antitumor immunity were achieved after cryo-thermal therapy, but whether tumor antigen-specific T-cells were augmented by cryo-thermal therapy was not determined. Methods The long-term antitumor therapeutic efficacy of cryo-thermal therapy was performed in B16F10 murine melanoma models. Splenocytes derived from mice treated with RFA or cryo-thermal therapy were coincubated with tumor antigen peptides to detect the frequency of antigen specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells by flow cytometry. Splenocytes were then stimulated and expanded by αCD3 or peptides and adoptive T-cell therapy experiments were performed to identify the antitumor efficacy of T-cells induced by RFA and cryo-thermal therapy. Naïve mice and tumor-bearing mice were used as control groups. Results Local cryo-thermal therapy generated a stronger systematic antitumor immune response than RFA and a long-lasting antitumor immunity that protected against tumor rechallenge. In vitro studies showed that the antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response was induced by both cryo-thermal therapy and RFA, but the strong neoantigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response was only induced by cryo-thermal therapy. Cryo-thermal therapy-induced strong antitumor immune response was mainly mediated by CD4+ T-cells, particularly neoantigen-specific CD4+ T-cells. Conclusion Cryo-thermal therapy induced a stronger and broader antigen-specific memory T-cells. Specifically, cryo-thermal therapy, but not RFA, led to a strong neoantigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response that mediated the resistance to tumor challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongming Hu
- Providence Portland Medical Center, Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa X Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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147
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Heshmati Aghda N, Abdulsahib SM, Severson C, Lara EJ, Torres Hurtado S, Yildiz T, Castillo JA, Tunnell JW, Betancourt T. Induction of immunogenic cell death of cancer cells through nanoparticle-mediated dual chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119787. [PMID: 32898630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomedicines to induce immunogenic cell death is a new strategy that aims to increase tumor immunogenicity and thereby prime tumors for further immunotherapies. In this study, we developed a nanoparticle formulation for combinatory chemotherapy and photothermal therapy based only on materials previously used in FDA-approved products and investigated the effect of the combinatory therapy on the growth inhibition and induction of immunogenic cell death in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The formulation consists of ~108-nm nanoparticles made of poly(lactic acid)-b-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) which carry doxorubicin for chemotherapy and indocyanine green for photothermal therapy. A 0.3 mg/mL suspension of NPs increased the medium temperature up to 10 °C upon irradiation with an 808-nm diode laser. In vitro studies showed that combination of laser assisted indocyanine green-mediated photothermal therapy and doxorubicin-mediated chemotherapy effectively eradicated cancer cells and resulted in the highest level of damage-associated molecular pattern presentation (calreticulin, high mobility group box 1, and adenosine triphosphate) compared to the individual treatments alone. These results demonstrate that our nanoparticle-mediated combinatory approach led to the most intense immunogenic cell death when compared to individual chemotherapy or photothermal therapy, making it a potent option for future in vivo studies in combination with cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Heshmati Aghda
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Shahad M Abdulsahib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Carli Severson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Emilio J Lara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Susana Torres Hurtado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tugba Yildiz
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Juan A Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - James W Tunnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
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148
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Yang F, Zhao L, Wei Z, Yang Y, Liu J, Li Y, Tian X, Liu X, Lü X, Sui J. A Cross-Species Reactive TIGIT-Blocking Antibody Fc Dependently Confers Potent Antitumor Effects. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2156-2168. [PMID: 32887749 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) has been shown to exert inhibitory roles in antitumor immune responses. In this study, we report the development of a human mAb, T4, which recognizes both human and mouse TIGIT and blocks the interaction of TIGIT with its ligand CD155 in both species. The T4 Ab targets the segment connecting F and G strands of TIGIT's extracellular IgV domain, and we show in studies with mouse tumor models that the T4 Ab exerts strong antitumor activity and induces durable immune memory against various tumor types. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the T4 Ab's antitumor effects are mediated via multiple immunological impacts, including a CD8+ T immune response and Fc-mediated effector functions, through NK cells that cause significant reduction in the frequency of intratumoral T regulatory cells (Tregs). Notably, this Treg reduction apparently activates additional antitumor CD8+ T cell responses, targeting tumor-shared Ags that are normally cryptic or suppressed by Tregs, thus conferring cross-tumor immune memory. Subsequent engineering for Fc variants of the T4 Ab with enhanced Fc-mediated effector functions yielded yet further improvements in antitumor efficacy. Thus, beyond demonstrating the T4 Ab as a promising candidate for the development of cancer immunotherapies, our study illustrates how the therapeutic efficacy of an anti-TIGIT Ab can be improved by enhancing Fc-mediated immune effector functions. Our insights about the multiple mechanisms of action of the T4 Ab and its Fc variants should help in developing new strategies that can realize the full clinical potential of anti-TIGIT Ab therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhizhong Wei
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yajing Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yulu Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; and
| | - Xinxin Tian
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ximing Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xueyuan Lü
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhua Sui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
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149
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Watson GA, Doi J, Hansen AR, Spreafico A. Novel strategies in immune checkpoint inhibitor drug development: How far are we from the paradigm shift? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1753-1768. [PMID: 32394468 PMCID: PMC7444803 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represents a major milestone in immune-oncology. Over the years these agents have demonstrated efficacy in an increasing array of malignancies. Despite this success however, significant challenges remain. Novel approaches to both drug development and trial design are required to incorporate the unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ICIs. Further, it has also been established that the benefit of ICIs is limited to only a subset of patients. The molecular interactions between native immune cells and tumorigenesis and progression represent an active area of biomarker research, and elucidating the mechanisms of response and resistance is crucial to develop rational trial designs for the next wave of immune-oncology (IO) clinical trials, particularly in patients with primary and/or acquired resistance. Efforts are now being made to integrate both biological and clinical information using novel multi-omic approaches which are now being developed to further elucidate the molecular signatures associated with IO treatment response and resistance and enable rational drug development and trial design processes. As such, precision IO and the ability to deliver patient-specific choices for ICI monotherapies or combination therapies has become an increasingly tangible goal. We herein describe the current landscape in ICI drug development and discuss the challenges and future directions in this exciting and evolving era in immune-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Alan Watson
- Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Jeffrey Doi
- Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Aaron Richard Hansen
- Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
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150
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Sun SY. Searching for the real function of mTOR signaling in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100847. [PMID: 32854033 PMCID: PMC7451686 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), via forming two important complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2), plays an important role in the regulation of immunity in addition to exerting many other biological funcions. Beyond its regulatory effects on immune cells, the mTOR axis also regulates the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells; accordingly, inhibition of mTOR alters PD-L1 levels in different cancer cell types. However, the currently published studies on mTOR inhibition-induced PD-L1 alteration have generated conflicting results. This review will focus on summarizing current findings in this regard and discussing possible reasons for the discrepancies and their potential implications for PD-L1 modulation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University of School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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