101
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Deng Q, Jiang G, Wu Y, Li J, Liang W, Chen L, Su Q, Li W, Du J, Wong CKC, Chen Z, Wang H. GPER/Hippo-YAP signal is involved in Bisphenol S induced migration of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 355:1-9. [PMID: 29758456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, risk factors of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis are not well identified. Our present study reveals that an industrial chemical, bisphenol S (BPS), can promote the migration, but not the proliferation, of TNBC cells in vitro. BPS activates YAP, a key effector of Hippo pathway, by inhibiting its phosphorylation, which promotes YAP nuclear accumulation and up-regulates its downstream genes such as CTGF and ANKRD1. Inhibition of YAP blocks the BPS-triggered cell migration and up-regulation of fibronectin (FN) and vimentin (Vim). BPS rapidly decreases the phosphorylation levels of LATS1 (Ser909) in TNBC cells, which regulates the activation and functions of YAP. Silencing LATS1/2 by siRNA increases BPS-induced dephosphorylation of YAP and extended the half-life of YAP protein. Inhibition of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) and its downstream PLCβ/PKC signals attenuate the effects of BPS-induced YAP dephosphorylation and CTGF up-regulation. Targeted inhibition of GPER/YAP inhibits BPS-induced migration of TNBC cells. Collectively, we reveal that GPER/Hippo-YAP signal is involved in BPS-induced migration of TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Deng
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yingmin Wu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiexin Li
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiting Liang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qiao Su
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Li
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuojia Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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102
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Lee I, Kim S, Kim KT, Kim S, Park S, Lee H, Jeong Y, Lim JE, Moon HB, Choi K. Bisphenol A exposure through receipt handling and its association with insulin resistance among female cashiers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:268-275. [PMID: 29778011 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used chemicals in various consumer products. In thermal papers such as receipts and tickets, BPA is used as a heat-activated developer. Cashiers are therefore suspected to be a vulnerable group of exposure to BPA, but neither contribution of receipt handling to the total body burden of BPA among cashiers, nor related health effects are well characterized. Female cashiers (n = 54) were recruited from seven retail shops of a major supermarket chain in Korea, and urinary levels of BPA and metabolic syndrome (MetS) related biomarkers were measured. In order to estimate the contribution of receipt handling to the body burden of BPA, an intervention was designed on the use of gloves: the subjects were asked not to wear gloves during the work for one week, and in the following week, to wear gloves. Urine samples were collected at pre-shift and post-shift for the first two consecutive days in each week, and urinary BPA concentrations were measured. In cashiers without gloves, about a two-fold increase in urinary BPA concentrations was observed after work-shift. When the cashiers wore gloves, however, urinary BPA levels showed no changes. Higher urinary BPA concentrations were associated with greater levels of fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Our observation shows that receipt handling among the cashiers could double the BPA exposure levels at post-shift compared to those at pre-shift, and use of simple protective equipment such as gloves could effectively reduce the BPA exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inae Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Park
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Lim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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103
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Tucker DK, Hayes Bouknight S, Brar SS, Kissling GE, Fenton SE. Evaluation of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol Analogues on Development and Long-Term Health of the Mammary Gland in Female Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:087003. [PMID: 30102602 PMCID: PMC6108869 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continued efforts to phase out bisphenol A (BPA) from consumer products have been met with the challenges of finding safer alternatives. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether early-life exposure to BPA and its related analogues, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol S (BPS), could affect female pubertal mammary gland development and long-term mammary health in mice. METHODS Timed pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to vehicle, BPA (0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg), BPAF (0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/kg), or BPS (0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/kg) via oral gavage between gestation days 10–17. Mammary glands were collected from resulting female offspring at postnatal day (PND) 20, 28, 35, and 56, and at 3, 8, and 14 months for whole mount, histopathological evaluation, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); serum steroid concentrations were also measured at these time points. RESULTS In the bisphenol-exposed mice, accelerated mammary gland development was evident during early puberty and persisted into adulthood. By late adulthood, mammary glands from bisphenol-exposed female offspring exhibited adverse morphology in comparison with controls; most prominent were undifferentiated duct ends, significantly more lobuloalveolar hyperplasia and perivascular inflammation, and various tumors, including adenocarcinomas. Effects were especially prominent in the BPAF 5 mg/kg and BPS 0.5 mg/kg groups. Serum steroid concentrations and mammary mRNA levels of Esr1, Pgr, Ar, and Gper1 were similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that prenatal exposure of mice to BPAF or BPS induced precocious development of the mammary gland, and that siblings were significantly more susceptible to spontaneous preneoplastic epithelial lesions and inflammation, with an incidence greater than that observed in vehicle- and BPA-exposed animals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tucker
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sukhdev S Brar
- DNTP, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grace E Kissling
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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104
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Karrer C, Roiss T, von Goetz N, Gramec Skledar D, Peterlin Mašič L, Hungerbühler K. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of the Bisphenols BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF with New Experimental Metabolic Parameters: Comparing the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of BPA with Its Substitutes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:077002. [PMID: 29995627 PMCID: PMC6108829 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) has been facing stricter regulations in recent years. BPA analogs, such as the bisphenols S, F, and AF (BPS, BPF, and BPAF) are increasingly used as replacement chemicals, although they were found to exert estrogenic effects similar to those of BPA. Research has shown that only the parent compounds have affinity to the estrogen receptors, suggesting that the pharmacokinetic behavior of bisphenols (BPs) can influence their potency. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to compare the pharmacokinetic behaviors of BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF for different age groups after environmentally relevant external exposures by taking into account substance-specific metabolism kinetics and partitioning behavior. This comparison allowed us to investigate the consequences of replacing BPA with other BPs. METHODS We readjusted a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for peroral exposure to BPA and extended it to include dermal exposure. We experimentally assessed hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation kinetics of BPS, BPF, and BPAF to parametrize the model for these BPs and calibrated the BPS model with a biomonitoring study. We used the PBPK models to compare resulting internal exposures and focused on females of childbearing age in a two-dimensional Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis. RESULTS Within environmentally relevant concentration ranges, BPAF and BPS were glucuronized at highest and lowest rates, respectively, in the intestine and the liver. The predominant routes of BPS and BPAF exposure were peroral and dermal exposure, respectively. The calibration of the BPS model with measured concentrations showed that enterohepatic recirculation may be important. Assuming equal external exposures, BPS exposure led to the highest internal concentrations of unconjugated BPs. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the replacement of BPA with structural analogs may not lower the risk for endocrine disruption. Exposure to both BPS and BPAF might be more critical than BPA exposure, if their respective estrogenic potencies are taken into account. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2739.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Karrer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Roiss
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Konrad Hungerbühler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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105
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Lehmler HJ, Liu B, Gadogbe M, Bao W. Exposure to Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S in U.S. Adults and Children: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6523-6532. [PMID: 29978145 PMCID: PMC6028148 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are replacing bisphenol A (BPA) in the manufacturing of products containing polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Data on current human exposure levels of these substitutes are needed to aid in the assessment of their human health risks. This study analyzed urinary bisphenol levels in adults (N = 1808) and children (N = 868) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 and investigated demographic and lifestyle factors associated with urinary levels of bisphenols. BPA, BPS, and BPF were detected in 95.7, 89.4, and 66.5% of randomly selected urine samples analyzed as part of NHANES 2013-2014, respectively. Median levels of BPA in U.S. adult were higher (1.24 μg/L) than BPF and BPS levels (0.35 and 0.37 μg/L, respectively). For children, median BPA levels were also higher (1.25 μg/L) than BPF and BPS levels (0.32 and 0.29 μg/L, respectively). The limits of detection for BPA, BPF, and BPS were 0.2, 0.2, and 0.1 μg/L, respectively. Urinary levels showed associations with gender, race/ethnicity, family income, physical activity, smoking, and/or alcohol intake that depended on the specific bisphenol. The results of this study indicate that exposure of the general U.S. population to BPA substitutes is almost ubiquitous. Because exposures differ across the U.S. population, further studies of environmental, consumer, and lifestyle factors affecting BPF and BPS exposures are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- College
of Public Health, Department of Occupational & Environmental
Health, and College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Buyun Liu
- College
of Public Health, Department of Occupational & Environmental
Health, and College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Manuel Gadogbe
- College
of Public Health, Department of Occupational & Environmental
Health, and College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Wei Bao
- College
of Public Health, Department of Occupational & Environmental
Health, and College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: 319-384-1546. Fax: 319-384-4155 (W.B.)
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106
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Pollock T, Greville LJ, Weaver RE, Radenovic M, deCatanzaro D. Bisphenol S modulates concentrations of bisphenol A and oestradiol in female and male mice. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:540-548. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1480818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pollock
- Department of Psychology Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lucas J. Greville
- Department of Psychology Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rachel E. Weaver
- Department of Psychology Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Marija Radenovic
- Department of Psychology Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Denys deCatanzaro
- Department of Psychology Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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107
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Lu L, Zhan T, Ma M, Xu C, Wang J, Zhang C, Liu W, Zhuang S. Thyroid Disruption by Bisphenol S Analogues via Thyroid Hormone Receptor β: in Vitro, in Vivo, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6617-6625. [PMID: 29763311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (4-hydroxyphenyl sulfone, BPS) is increasingly used as a bisphenol A (BPA) alternative. The global usage of BPS and its analogues (BPSs) resulted in the frequent detection of their residues in multiple environmental media. We investigated their potential endocrine-disrupting effects toward thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β. The molecular interaction of BPSs toward TRβ ligand binding domain (LBD) was probed by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. BPSs caused the static fluorescence quenching of TRβ LBD. The 100 ns MD simulations revealed that the binding of BPSs caused significant changes in the distance between residue His435 at helix 11(H11) and residue Phe459 at H12 in comparison to no ligand-bound TRβ LBD, indicating relative repositioning of H12. The recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay showed that tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) have potent antagonistic activity toward TRβ, with an IC10 of 10.1 and 21.1 nM, respectively. BPS and BPA have the antagonistic activity with IC10 of 312 and 884 nM, respectively. BPSs significantly altered the expression level of mRNA of TRβ gene in zebrafish embryos. BPS and TBBPS at environmentally relevant concentrations have antagonistic activity toward TRβ, implying that BPSs are not safe BPA alternatives in many BPA-free products. Future health risk assessments for TR disruption and other adverse effects should focus more on the structure-activity relationship in the design of environmentally benign BPA alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Tingjie Zhan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032 , China
| | - Jingpeng Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Houston-Clear Lake , 2700 Bay Area Boulevard , Houston , Texas 77058 , United States
| | - Weiping Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
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108
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Zhang YF, Ren XM, Li YY, Yao XF, Li CH, Qin ZF, Guo LH. Bisphenol A alternatives bisphenol S and bisphenol F interfere with thyroid hormone signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:1072-1079. [PMID: 29146198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of the alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA) has raised concerns about their potential toxicities. Considering the disrupting activity of BPA on thyroid hormone (TH) signaling, we investigated whether bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), two leading alternatives, could interfere with TH signaling pathway using a series of assays in vitro and in vivo. In the fluorescence competitive binding assay, we found BPS and BPF, like BPA, bound to TH receptors (TRα and TRβ), with the binding potencies an order of magnitude lower than BPA (BPA > BPF > BPS). Molecular docking data also show their binding potencies to TRs. In the coactivator recruitment assay, BPS and BPF recruited coactivator to TRβ but not TRα, with weaker potencies than BPA. Correspondingly, agonistic actions of the three bisphenols in the absence or presence of T3 were observed in the TR-mediated reporter gene transcription assay. Also, all the three bisphenols induced TH-dependent GH3 cell proliferation, whereas BPA and BPF inhibited T3 induction in the presence of T3. As for in vivo assay, the three bisphenols like T3 induced TH-response gene transcription in Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles, but in the presence of T3 altered T3-induced gene transcription in a biphasic concentration-response manner. These results for the first time demonstrate that BPS and BPF, like BPA, have potential to interfere with TH signaling pathway, i.e., they generally activate TH signaling in the absence of T3, but in the presence of TH, display agonistic or/and antagonistic actions under certain condition. Our study highlights the potential risks of BPS and BPF as BPA alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chuan-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Fen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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109
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Mokra K, Woźniak K, Bukowska B, Sicińska P, Michałowicz J. Low-concentration exposure to BPA, BPF and BPAF induces oxidative DNA bases lesions in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 201:119-126. [PMID: 29518729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Because bisphenol A (BPA) and some of its analogs have been supposed to influence development of cancer, we have assessed the effect of BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) on DNA bases oxidation, which is a key process in cancer initiation. The analysis was conducted on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which are very useful model to assess genotoxic potential of various toxicants in different cell types. In order to determine oxidative damage to DNA pyrimidines and purines, alkaline version of the comet assay with DNA glycosylases, i.e. endonuclease III (Nth) and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) was used. PBMCs were exposed to BPA or its analogs in the concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL for 4 h and 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 μg/mL for 48 h. We have observed that BPA, BPS, BPF and particularly BPAF caused oxidative damage to DNA pyrimidines and more strongly to purines in human PBMCs. The results have also shown that BPS, which is the most commonly used as a substitute for BPA in the manufacture induced definitely the smallest oxidative DNA bases lesions in PBMCs. Moreover, we have noticed that BPA, BPF and BPAF caused DNA damage at very low concentration of 1 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mokra
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paulina Sicińska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jaromir Michałowicz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-001 Łódź, Poland.
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110
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Park JC, Lee MC, Yoon DS, Han J, Kim M, Hwang UK, Jung JH, Lee JS. Effects of bisphenol A and its analogs bisphenol F and S on life parameters, antioxidant system, and response of defensome in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:21-29. [PMID: 29604499 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand the adverse outcome in response to bisphenol A and its analogs bisphenol F and S (BPA, BPF, and BPS), we examined acute toxicity, life parameter, and defensome in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus. Among the bisphenol analogs, BPA showed the highest acute toxicity and then BPF and BPS, accordingly in the view of descending magnitude of toxicity. In life parameters including life span and reproduction, BPA, BPF, and BPS were found to cause adverse effect. Both intracellular ROS level and GST activity were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in response to each dosage of bisphenol analogs exposures. In response to bisphenol analogs, defensomes of phase I, II, and III detoxification mechanism demonstrated inverse relationship between the lipophilicity of bisphenol analogs and the expression patterns of defensomes. BPA and BPF were found to have significant modulation (P < 0.05) in the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and GST genes. In phase III, BPS with comparatively lower lipophilicity demonstrated highly diversified expressional pattern, suggesting that BPS is likely caused less toxicity compared to BPA and BPF. In this study, via phase I, II, and III detoxification mechanism, bisphenol A and its analogs F and S demonstrated specific detoxification mechanism in rotifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 46083, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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111
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Waidyanatha S, Black SR, Snyder RW, Yueh YL, Sutherland V, Patel PR, Watson SL, Fennell TR. Disposition and metabolism of the bisphenol analogue, bisphenol S, in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice and in vitro in hepatocytes from rats, mice, and humans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 351:32-45. [PMID: 29753715 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from many consumer products, the potential use of alternatives such as bisphenol S (BPS) and its derivatives is causing some concerns. These studies investigated the comparative in vitro hepatic clearance and metabolism of BPS and derivatives and the disposition and metabolism of BPS in rats and mice following gavage and intravenous administration. The clearance of BPS and its derivatives was slower in human hepatocytes than in rodents. In male rats following gavage administration of 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg [14C]BPS the main route of excretion was via urine; the urinary excretion decreased (72 to 48%) and the fecal excretion increased (16 to 30%) with increasing dose. The disposition was similar in female rats and male and female mice following gavage administration. Radioactivity remaining in tissues at 72 h in both species and sexes was ≤2.4%. In bile duct cannulated rats 53% of a gavage dose was secreted in bile suggesting extensive enterohepatic recirculation of [14C]BPS. Following an intravenous dose in rats and mice, the pattern of excretion was similar to gavage. These data suggest that the dose excreted in feces folowing gavage administration is likely the absorbed dose. Urinary metabolites included the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates with a moderate amount of parent. The pattern of in vitro hepatic metabolsim was similar to in vivo with some difference among derivatives. These data suggest that similar to other bisphenol analogues, BPS was well absorbed following oral expsosure and extensively excreted with minimal tissue retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Sherry R Black
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rodney W Snyder
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yun Lan Yueh
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Vicki Sutherland
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Purvi R Patel
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Scott L Watson
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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112
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Wan Y, Xia W, Yang S, Pan X, He Z, Kannan K. Spatial distribution of bisphenol S in surface water and human serum from Yangtze River watershed, China: Implications for exposure through drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:595-602. [PMID: 29459349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an emerging environmental contaminant. The occurrence of this compound in humans and the environment is not well described. In this study, 120 surface water samples and 240 human serum samples were collected along the Yangtze River in 2015 for the determination of the occurrence of BPS. Surface water and human serum samples were extracted by solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, respectively, and analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). BPS was detected in all river water samples at concentrations that ranged from 0.18 to 14.9 ng/L (median: 0.98 ng/L), with higher concentrations in spring than summer. The median estimated daily intake (EDI) of BPS through water ingestion by infants in spring and summer was 0.12 and 0.06 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day, respectively. BPS was detected in human serum with the highest concentrations in samples from Nanjing (median: 0.65 ng/mL, maximum: 169 ng/mL) among the four cities studied. No significant gender related difference in BPS concentrations was observed in human sera, while higher concentrations were found in younger individuals than elderly. The EDI of BPS calculated based on serum concentrations of adults in Nanjing was 22.8 ng/kg bw/day. Ingestion of water accounted for <1% of the total BPS intake by the Chinese population. This is the first report of the occurrence of BPS in water from the Yangtze River and human serum from several cities located along this river in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China; CDC of Yangtze River Administration and Navigational Affairs, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, 430019, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunyi Yang
- CDC of Yangtze River Administration and Navigational Affairs, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, 430019, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyun Pan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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113
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Ammonium hydroxide enhancing electrospray response and boosting sensitivity of bisphenol A and its analogs. Talanta 2018; 182:590-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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114
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Lu S, Yu Y, Ren L, Zhang X, Liu G, Yu Y. Estimation of intake and uptake of bisphenols and triclosan from personal care products by dermal contact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1389-1396. [PMID: 29054660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concern has been raised in respect of exposure to bisphenols and triclosan (TCS) due to their widespread use. However, little is known about their occurrence in personal care products (PCPs) or, particularly, their dermal uptake following daily application. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the human health risk of bisphenols and TCS via dermal absorption. In this study, 150 PCPs, covering 11 different categories, were collected in China. The concentrations of seven bisphenol analogues and TCS were measured, and the associated human health risks by dermal contact were estimated. High detection frequencies of TCS (46.7%) and bisphenol AF (38.7%) were found in the PCPs. The highest mean concentration of Σ7BPs (sum concentration of all seven bisphenols) was 77.8ngg-1 found in masks, and the highest mean concentration of TCS was 86.7ngg-1 in hand sanitizers. The bisphenol composition profiles varied among different categories. Bisphenol A and bisphenol F generally showed higher concentrations. Combining the concentrations of the target substances with the daily usage quantities of PCPs and other parameters, the total estimated dermal intakes and uptakes of Σ7BPs and TCS were calculated. The results showed that the former (12.1 and 1.06ng·kg-1bwday-1) were markedly higher than the latter (1.21 and 9.58×10-2ng·kg-1bwday-1), which included dermal absorption rates of the chemicals in the estimation. Although diet is the main source, and oral ingestion is the main route, for human BPA exposure, the results of the estimated dermal uptakes of BPA in the present study combined with those from a European study show that dermal contact is the main route with thermal paper being the main contributor when both unconjugated and conjugated BPA in the human body are considered. The present study also showed that exposure to BPA in PCPs following dermal contact should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyou Lu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuling Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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115
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Mughal BB, Fini JB, Demeneix BA. Thyroid-disrupting chemicals and brain development: an update. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R160-R186. [PMID: 29572405 PMCID: PMC5890081 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent findings on the main categories of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals and their effects on brain development. We draw mostly on epidemiological and experimental data published in the last decade. For each chemical class considered, we deal with not only the thyroid hormone-disrupting effects but also briefly mention the main mechanisms by which the same chemicals could modify estrogen and/or androgen signalling, thereby exacerbating adverse effects on endocrine-dependent developmental programmes. Further, we emphasize recent data showing how maternal thyroid hormone signalling during early pregnancy affects not only offspring IQ, but also neurodevelopmental disease risk. These recent findings add to established knowledge on the crucial importance of iodine and thyroid hormone for optimal brain development. We propose that prenatal exposure to mixtures of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals provides a plausible biological mechanism contributing to current increases in the incidence of neurodevelopmental disease and IQ loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal B Mughal
- CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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116
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Shi M, Sekulovski N, MacLean JA, Hayashi K. Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A Analogues on Male Reproductive Functions in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:620-631. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Shi
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois 62901
| | - Nikola Sekulovski
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois 62901
| | - James A MacLean
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois 62901
| | - Kanako Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois 62901
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117
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Herrero Ó, Aquilino M, Sánchez-Argüello P, Planelló R. The BPA-substitute bisphenol S alters the transcription of genes related to endocrine, stress response and biotransformation pathways in the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193387. [PMID: 29466445 PMCID: PMC5821402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an industrial alternative to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), and can be found in many products labeled “BPA-free”. Its use has grown in recent years, and presently it is considered a ubiquitous emerging pollutant. To date there is a lack of information on the effects of BPS on invertebrates, although they represent more than 95% of known species in the animal kingdom and are crucial for the structure and proper function of ecosystems. In this study, real-time RT-PCR was used to determine the early detrimental effects of BPS on the transcriptional rate of genes in the model species Chironomus riparius, specifically those related to the ecdysone pathway (EcR, ERR, E74, Vtg, cyp18a1) crucial for insect development and metamorphosis, stress and biotransformation mechanisms (hsp70, hsp40, cyp4g, GPx, GSTd3) that regulate adaptive responses and determine survival, and ribosome biogenesis (its2, rpL4, rpL13) which is essential for protein synthesis and homeostasis. While 24-hour exposure to 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μg/L BPS had no effect on larval survival, almost all the studied genes were upregulated following a non-monotonic dose-response curve. Genes with the greatest increases in transcriptional activity (fold change relative to control) were EcR (3.8), ERR (2), E74 (2.4), cyp18a1 (2.5), hsp70 (1.7), hsp40 (2.5), cyp4g (6.4), GPx (1.8), and GST (2.1), while others including Vtg, GAPDH, and selected ribosomal genes remained stable. We also measured the transcriptional activity of these genes 24 hours after BPS withdrawal and a general downregulation compared to controls was observed, though not significant in most cases. Our findings showed that BPS exposure altered the transcriptional profile of these genes, which may have consequences for the hormone system and several metabolic pathways. Although further research is needed to elucidate its mode of action, these results raise new concerns about the safety of BPA alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Herrero
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Aquilino
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Argüello
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Planelló
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Madrid, Spain
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118
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Wu LH, Zhang XM, Wang F, Gao CJ, Chen D, Palumbo JR, Guo Y, Zeng EY. Occurrence of bisphenol S in the environment and implications for human exposure: A short review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:87-98. [PMID: 28963899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As a substitute of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) has been applied in consumer products present in our daily lives. With a similar chemical structure as BPA, BPS has also been demonstrated as an exogenous endocrine disrupting chemical. Compared with a large number of studies on BPA, investigation on BPS has remained limited. In this study, we reviewed the literature of BPS mainly published during 2010-2017, including its environmental distributions, toxicities, and human exposure. The data demonstrated that BPS is now ubiquitous in the environment and found worldwide, but generally with concentration levels lower than BPA in various environment media, including water, sediment, sludge, indoor dust and air, consumer products, and human urine. However, we found that the concentration levels of BPS in aquatic environments, especially water samples, were almost comparable or equal to that of BPA. Our summary also indicated that process speed of substituting BPA with BPS in consumer products in the U.S. was relatively faster than other countries. In addition, we summarized the toxicities of exposure to BPS both in vivo and in vitro experiments. The current data supports that exposure to BPS may have adverse effects on reproductive systems, endocrine systems, and nervous systems in animals and humans, and may trigger oxidative stress. The occurrence of BPS was frequently reported in human urine, but rarely in other human samples. The current research indicates that food is the dominant source for human exposure to BPS, and the contribution of personal care product usage is low. The occurrence of BPS and their metabolites in the human body and the guidelines for BPS exposure merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Hong Wu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chong-Jing Gao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jillian R Palumbo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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119
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Lee J, Park NY, Kho Y, Ji K. Effects of 4-Hydroxyphenyl 4-Isoprooxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP) Exposure on Reproduction and Endocrine System of Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1506-1513. [PMID: 29373025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The compound 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isoprooxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP), a derivative of bisphenol S (BPS), has been detected in thermal paper and human urine samples; however, its potential effects on the endocrine system are largely unknown. The present study was conducted to determine the adverse effects of BPSIP on egg production, relative organ weights, plasma levels of sex hormones, and transcription of genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). In male fish, the gonadosomatic index was significantly decreased at concentrations of 5 and 50 μg/L BPSIP. The estrogenic (increase in the 17β-estradiol/testosterone [E2/T] ratio) and antiandrogenic (decrease in T) effects were observed in fish exposed to BPSIP and males were more sensitive to the adverse effects than females. The changes in sex hormones were supported by the regulation of genes along the HPG axis, such as cyp19, 17βhsd, and cyp17 transcripts. Although the effective concentration for endocrine disruption was greater than that of BPS, the actions of BPSIP on the steroidogenic pathway were similar to the effects of BPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Yongin University , Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Youn Park
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University , Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University , Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Yongin University , Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University , Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea
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120
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Nadal A, Fuentes E, Ripoll C, Villar-Pazos S, Castellano-Muñoz M, Soriano S, Martinez-Pinna J, Quesada I, Alonso-Magdalena P. Extranuclear-initiated estrogenic actions of endocrine disrupting chemicals: Is there toxicology beyond paracelsus? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:16-22. [PMID: 28159674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol-A (BPA) do not act as traditional toxic chemicals inducing massive cell damage or death in an unspecific manner. EDCs can work upon binding to hormone receptors, acting as agonists, antagonists or modulators. Bisphenol-A displays estrogenic activity and, for many years it has been classified as a weak estrogen, based on the classic transcriptional action of estrogen receptors serving as transcription factors. However, during the last two decades our knowledge about estrogen signaling has advanced considerably. It is now accepted that estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ activate signaling pathways outside the nucleus which may or may not involve transcription. In addition, a new membrane estrogen receptor, GPER, has been proposed. Pharmacological and molecular evidence, along with results obtained in genetically modified mice, demonstrated that BPA, and its substitute BPS, are potent estrogens acting at nanomolar concentrations via extranuclear ERα, ERβ, and GPER. The different signaling pathways activated by BPA and BPS explain the well-known estrogenic effects of low doses of EDCs as well as non-monotonic dose-response relationships. These signaling pathways may help to explain the actions of EDCs with estrogenic activity in the etiology of different pathologies, including type-2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Nadal
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Esther Fuentes
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sabrina Villar-Pazos
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Castellano-Muñoz
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergi Soriano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Martinez-Pinna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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121
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Li Y, Perera L, Coons LA, Burns KA, Tyler Ramsey J, Pelch KE, Houtman R, van Beuningen R, Teng CT, Korach KS. Differential in Vitro Biological Action, Coregulator Interactions, and Molecular Dynamic Analysis of Bisphenol A (BPA), BPAF, and BPS Ligand-ERα Complexes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:017012. [PMID: 29389661 PMCID: PMC6014695 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that might be harmful to human health. Recently, there has been widespread usage of bisphenol chemicals (BPs), such as bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol S (BPS), as replacements for BPA. However, the potential biological actions, toxicity, and the molecular mechanism of these compounds are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to examine the estrogenic effects of BPA, BPAF, and BPS and the molecular mechanisms of action in the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) complex. METHODS In vitro cell models were used to compare the estrogenic effects of BPA, BPAF, and BPS to estrogen. Microarray Assay for Real-Time Coregulator-Nuclear receptor Interaction (MARCoNI) analysis was used to identify coregulators of BPA, BPAF, and BPS, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to determine the compounds binding in the ERα complex. RESULTS We demonstrated that BPA and BPAF have agonistic activity for both ERα and ERβ, but BPS has ERα-selective specificity. We concluded that coregulators were differentially recruited in the presence of BPA, BPAF, or BPS. Interestingly, BPS recruited more corepressors when compared to BPA and BPAF. From a series of MD analysis, we concluded that BPA, BPAF, and BPS can bind to the ER-ligand-binding domain with differing energetics and conformations. In addition, the binding surface of coregulator interactions on ERα was characterized for the BPA, BPAF, and BPS complexes. CONCLUSION These findings further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of EDCs, such as BPs, in ER-mediated transcriptional activation, biological activity, and their effects on physiological functions in human health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laurel A Coons
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine A Burns
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Tyler Ramsey
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine E Pelch
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - René Houtman
- PamGene International B.V., NL-5211 HH 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | | | - Christina T Teng
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Lee J, Kho Y, Kim PG, Ji K. Exposure to bisphenol S alters the expression of microRNA in male zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 338:191-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Grandin F, Picard-Hagen N, Gayrard V, Puel S, Viguié C, Toutain PL, Debrauwer L, Lacroix MZ. Development of an on-line solid phase extraction ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography technique coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for quantification of bisphenol S and bisphenol S glucuronide: Applicability to toxicokinetic investigations. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1526:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Björnsdotter MK, Jonker W, Legradi J, Kool J, Ballesteros-Gómez A. Bisphenol A alternatives in thermal paper from the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Norway. Screening and potential toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:210-221. [PMID: 28551540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermal paper contains potentially toxic additives, such as bisphenol A (BPA), as a common color developer. Because of its known endocrine disrupting effects, structural analogues to BPA, such as bisphenol S (BPS), D-8 and Pergafast 201, have been used as alternatives, but little is known about the presence and toxicological effects of alternatives other than BPS. In this study, thermal paper is screened by direct probe ambient mass spectrometry (rapid pre-screening method not requiring sample preparation) and by liquid chromatography (LC) with high resolution time-of flight (TOF-MS) mass spectrometry. Cash receipts and other thermal paper products (cinema tickets, boarding passes and luggage tags) were analyzed. Besides BPA and BPS, other developers only recently reported (Pergafast 201, D-8) or to the best of our knowledge not reported before (D-90, TGSA, BPS-MAE) were frequently found as well as some related unreported impurities (2,4-BPS that is a BPS related impurity and a TGSA related impurity). To gain some insight into the potential estrogenicity of the detected developers, a selection of extracts was further analyzed using a LC-nanofractionation platform in combination with cell-based bioassay testing. These preliminary results seems to indicate very low or absence of estrogenic activity for Pergafast 201, D-8, D-90, TGSA and BPS-MAE in comparison to BPA and BPS, although further dose-response tests with authentic standards are required to confirm these results. Compounds for which standards were available were also tested for developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. TGSA and D-8 induced similar teratogenic effects as BPA in zebrafish embryos. BPS and 2,4-BPS did not induce any developmental effects but 2,4-BPS did alter the locomotor activity at the tested concentration. Our findings suggest that the alternatives used as alternatives to BPA (except BPS) might not be estrogenic. However, TGSA and D-8 showed abnormal developmental effects similar to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Björnsdotter
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Willem Jonker
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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In vitro percutaneous absorption and metabolism of Bisphenol A (BPA) through fresh human skin. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:147-155. [PMID: 29154941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume compound. It is mainly used as a monomer to make polymers for various applications including food-contact materials. The primary route of exposure to BPA in the general population is through oral intake (EFSA 2015) however, other potential sources of exposure have also been identified, such as dermal contact. In the present study, the percutaneous absorption through human skin has been investigated in an in vitro study according to OECD TG 428 (Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method). In order to investigate potential dermal BPA metabolism during absorption, radiolabelled BPA was applied to fresh, metabolically competent, human skin samples (ring labelled 14C BPA concentrations tested were 2.4, 12, 60 and 300mg/L). Measured as total radioactivity the mean absorbed dose (receptor compartment) ranged from 1.7-3.6% of the applied doses and the dermal delivery (epidermis+dermis+receptor compartment), sometimes also named bioavailable dose was 16-20% of the applied doses, with the majority of the radioactivity associated with epidermis compared to dermis and receptor fluid. No metabolism was observed in any of the epidermis samples; however some metabolism was observed in dermis and receptor fluid samples with formation of BPA-glucuronide and BPA-sulfate, and some polar metabolites.
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126
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Kolatorova Sosvorova L, Chlupacova T, Vitku J, Vlk M, Heracek J, Starka L, Saman D, Simkova M, Hampl R. Determination of selected bisphenols, parabens and estrogens in human plasma using LC-MS/MS. Talanta 2017; 174:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stacy SL, Papandonatos GD, Calafat AM, Chen A, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Braun JM. Early life bisphenol A exposure and neurobehavior at 8years of age: Identifying windows of heightened vulnerability. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 107:258-265. [PMID: 28764921 PMCID: PMC5567845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life BPA exposure could affect neurobehavior, but few studies have investigated whether there are developmental periods when the fetus or child is more vulnerable to these potential effects. OBJECTIVES We explored windows of vulnerability to BPA exposure in a multiethnic cohort of 228 mothers and their children from Cincinnati, Ohio. METHODS We measured urinary BPA concentrations at up to two prenatal and six postnatal time points from the 2nd trimester of pregnancy until the child was age 8years. At age 8years, we administered the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. We estimated covariate-adjusted differences in composite scores from each instrument using a multiple informant model designed to identify heightened windows of vulnerability. RESULTS Among all children, there was not strong evidence that the associations between BPA and neurobehavior varied by the timing of exposure (Visit x BPA p-values≥0.16). However, child sex modified the associations of repeated BPA measures with BASC-2 scores (Visit x Sex x BPA p-values=0.02-0.23). For example, each 10-fold increase in prenatal BPA was associated with more externalizing behaviors in girls (β=6.2, 95% CI: 0.8, 11.6), but not boys (β=-0.8, 95% CI: -5.0, 3.4). In contrast, a 10-fold increase in 8-year BPA was associated with more externalizing behaviors in boys (β=3.9, 95% CI: 0.6, 7.2), but not girls (β=0.3, 95% CI: -3.5, 4.1). CONCLUSIONS We found that sex-dependent associations between BPA and child neurobehavior may depend on the timing of BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina L Stacy
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | | | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
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128
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Shi M, Sekulovski N, MacLean JA, Hayashi K. Effects of bisphenol A analogues on reproductive functions in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:280-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rosenfeld CS. Neuroendocrine disruption in animal models due to exposure to bisphenol A analogues. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:123-133. [PMID: 28801100 PMCID: PMC5612897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human studies provide evidence that exposure to the endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), bisphenol A (BPA), can lead to neurobehavioral disorders. Consequently, there is an impetus to identify safer alternatives to BPA. Three bisphenol compounds proposed as potential safer alternatives to BPA are bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol AF (BPAF). However, it is not clear whether these other compounds are safer in terms of inducing less endocrine disrupting effects in animals and humans who are now increasingly coming into contact with these BPA-substitutes. In the past few years, several animal studies have shown exposure to these other bisphenols induce similar neurobehavioral disruption as BPA. We will explore in this review article the current studies suggesting these other bisphenols result in neuroendocrine disruptions that may be estrogen receptor-dependent. Current work may aide in designing future studies to test further whether these BPA-substitutes can act as neuroendocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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130
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Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA): A Reality That Still Needs to Be Unveiled. TOXICS 2017; 5:toxics5030022. [PMID: 29051454 PMCID: PMC5634705 DOI: 10.3390/toxics5030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, is one of the most utilized industrial chemicals worldwide, with the ability to interfere with/or mimic estrogenic hormones with associated biological responses. Environmental human exposure to this endocrine disruptor, mostly through oral intake, is considered a generalized phenomenon, particularly in developed countries. However, in the context of occupational exposure, non-dietary exposure sources (e.g., air and contact) cannot be underestimated. Here, we performed a review of the literature on BPA occupational exposure and associated health effects. Relevantly, the authors only identified 19 studies from 2009 to 2017 that demonstrate that occupationally exposed individuals have significantly higher detected BPA levels than environmentally exposed populations and that the detection rate of serum BPA increases in relation to the time of exposure. However, only 12 studies performed in China have correlated potential health effects with detected BPA levels, and shown that BPA-exposed male workers are at greater risk of male sexual dysfunction across all domains of sexual function; also, endocrine disruption, alterations to epigenetic marks (DNA methylation) and epidemiological evidence have shown significant effects on the offspring of parents exposed to BPA during pregnancy. This overview raises awareness of the dramatic and consistent increase in the production and exposure of BPA and creates urgency to assess the actual exposure of workers to this xenoestrogen and to evaluate potential associated adverse health effects.
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131
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Liu J, Martin JW. Prolonged Exposure to Bisphenol A from Single Dermal Contact Events. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9940-9949. [PMID: 28759207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor frequently detected in human biofluids. Dermal absorption of BPA from thermal paper receipts occurs but BPA pharmacokinetics following dermal exposure is not understood. To compare the pharmacokinetics of dermal and dietary BPA exposure, six male participants handled simulated receipts containing relevant levels of BPA (isotope-labeled BPA-d16) for 5 min, followed by hand-washing 2 h later. Urine (0-48 h) and serum (0-7.5 h) were monitored for free and total BPA-d16. One week later, participants returned for a dietary administration with monitoring as above. One participant repeated the dermal administration with extended monitoring of urine (9 days) and serum (2 days). After dietary exposure, urine total BPA-d16 peaked within 5 h and quickly cleared within 24 h. After dermal exposure, cumulative excretion increased linearly for 2 days, and half the participants still had detectable urinary total BPA-d16 after 1 week. The participant repeating the dermal exposure had detectable BPA-d16 in urine for 9 days, showed linear cumulative excretion over 5 days, and had detectable free BPA-d16 in serum. Proportions of free BPA-d16 in urine following dermal exposure (0.71%-8.3% of total BPA-d16) were generally higher than following the dietary exposure (0.29%-1.4%). Compared to dietary BPA exposure, dermal absorption of BPA leads to prolonged exposure and may lead to higher proportions of unconjugated BPA in systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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Björnsdotter MK, de Boer J, Ballesteros-Gómez A. Bisphenol A and replacements in thermal paper: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:691-706. [PMID: 28528315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermal paper contains potentially toxic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), which is used as a color developer. BPA has been reported in thermal paper in concentrations up to 42,600 μg g-1. The exposure to BPA via dermal transfer has been recently discussed as a significant contribution to the overall human exposure and the estimated daily intake (EDI) has been reported up to 218 μg d-1. BPA has been also detected in recycled paper with concentrations up to 46 μg g-1. Due to the fact that BPA is a known endocrine disruptor and migrates from materials, regulatory restrictions have been established to prevent risks for the human health. As a consequence, structural analogues, such as bisphenol S (BPS) have been introduced into the market. Little is known about the presence and toxicity of these emerging replacements, and concern has risen about them. The present review gives an overview of the occurrence and levels of BPA and replacements in thermal paper. BPA is still the most common color developer found in thermal paper, followed by BPS. The analytical methods used for quantification of BPA and BPA replacements in paper products are also reviewed. BPA is transferred from thermal paper products to the finger pads upon handling it. Paper-skin transfer followed by penetration of BPA depends on conditions (e.g. greasiness of fingers and use of hand cream). It is, however, still debated whether thermal paper as a source for human exposure contributes significantly to the overall internal BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Björnsdotter
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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133
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Piecha R, Svačina Š, Malý M, Vrbík K, Lacinová Z, Haluzík M, Pavloušková J, Vavrouš A, Matějková D, Müllerová D, Mráz M, Matoulek M. Urine Levels of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A in Relation to Main Metabolic Syndrome Components: Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes. A Pilot Study. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 24:297-301. [PMID: 28095285 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Human exposure to organic pollutants (some of them also called endocrine disruptors) can be associated with adverse metabolic health outcomes including type 2 diabetes. The goal of this study was to compare the urine levels of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites in subgroups of patients with metabolic syndrome composed of patients with and without three important components of metabolic syndrome (hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes). METHODS We have investigated 24 hr urine samples of 168 patients with metabolic syndrome from the Metabolic Outpatient Department of General University Hospital in Prague. Using standard metabolic syndrome criteria, we classified patients as dyslipidemic (n=87), hypertensive (n=96), and type 2 diabetic (n=58). Bisphenol A and 15 metabolites of phthalates were evaluated in relation to creatinine excretion. Samples were analysed with enzymatic cleavage of glucuronide using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in one laboratory with external quality control. RESULTS Four metabolites, mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate showed significantly higher levels in diabetic compared to non-diabetic patients (p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.002, and p=0.005, respectively). The differences remained significant after adjustment to hypertension, dyslipidemia, age, and BMI. No difference was found between either the hypertensive and non-hypertensive or dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic patients. There was no significant relation of bisphenol A level to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, age, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Urine levels of four phthalate metabolites were significantly higher in type 2 diabetics independently on specified predictors. Phthalate levels can be in relation to beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients but this study is not able to show if the relation is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Piecha
- Third Internal Clinic, 1st Medical Faculty in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Svačina
- Third Internal Clinic, 1st Medical Faculty in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vrbík
- National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Lacinová
- Third Internal Clinic, 1st Medical Faculty in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Third Internal Clinic, 1st Medical Faculty in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Adam Vavrouš
- National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dana Müllerová
- Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Third Internal Clinic, 1st Medical Faculty in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Matoulek
- Third Internal Clinic, 1st Medical Faculty in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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134
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Bisphenol S negatively affects the meotic maturation of pig oocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:485. [PMID: 28352085 PMCID: PMC5428703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical component of plastics, is a widely distributed environmental pollutant and contaminant of water, air, and food that negatively impacts human health. Concerns regarding BPA have led to the use of BPA-free alternatives, one of which is bisphenol S (BPS). However, the effects of BPS are not well characterized, and its specific effects on reproduction and fertility remain unknown. It is therefore necessary to evaluate any effects of BPS on mammalian oocytes. The present study is the first to demonstrate the markedly negative effects of BPS on pig oocyte maturation in vitro, even at doses lower than those humans are exposed to in the environment. Our results demonstrate (1) an effect of BPS on the course of the meiotic cell cycle; (2) the failure of tubulin fibre formation, which controls proper chromosome movement; (3) changes in the supply of maternal mRNA; (4) changes in the protein amounts and distribution of oestrogen receptors α and β and of aromatase; and (5) disrupted cumulus cell expansion. Thus, these results confirm that BPS is an example of regrettable substitution because this substance exerts similar or even worse negative effects than those of the material it replaced.
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135
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Hines CJ, Jackson MV, Deddens JA, Clark JC, Ye X, Christianson AL, Meadows JW, Calafat AM. Urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) Concentrations among Workers in Industries that Manufacture and Use BPA in the USA. Ann Work Expo Health 2017; 61:164-182. [PMID: 28395354 PMCID: PMC5577557 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity and exposure risk to humans has been the subject of considerable scientific debate; however, published occupational exposure data for BPA are limited. Methods In 2013-2014, 77 workers at six US companies making BPA, BPA-based resins, or BPA-filled wax provided seven urine samples over two consecutive work days (151 worker-days, 525 samples). Participant information included industry, job, tasks, personal protective equipment used, hygiene behaviors, and canned food/beverage consumption. Total (free plus conjugated) BPA, quantified in urine by mass spectrometry, was detected in all samples. Results The geometric mean (GM) creatinine-adjusted total BPA (total BPACR) concentration was 88.0 µg g-1 (range 0.78-18900 µg g-1), ~70 times higher than in US adults in 2013-2014 (1.27 µg g-1). GM total BPACR increased during Day 1 (26.6-127 µg g-1), decreased by pre-shift Day 2 (84.4 µg g-1) then increased during Day 2 to 178 µg g-1. By industry, baseline and post-baseline total BPACR was highest in BPA-filled wax manufacturing/reclaim (GM = 111 µg g-1) and lowest in phenolic resin manufacturing (GM = 6.56 µg g-1). By job, total BPACR was highest at baseline in maintenance workers (GM = 157 µg g-1) and post-baseline in those working with molten BPA-filled wax (GM = 441 µg g-1). Workers in the job of flaking a BPA-based resin had the lowest concentrations at baseline (GM = 4.81 µg g-1) and post-baseline (GM = 23.2 µg g-1). In multiple regression models, at baseline, industry significantly predicted increased total BPACR (P = 0.0248); post-baseline, handling BPA containers (P = 0.0035), taking ≥3 process/bulk samples with BPA (P = 0.0002) and wearing a Tyvek® coverall (P = 0.0042) significantly predicted increased total BPACR (after adjusting for total BPACR at baseline, time point, and body mass index). Conclusion Several work-related factors, including industry, job, and certain tasks performed, were associated with increased urinary total BPACR concentrations in this group of manufacturing workers. The potential for BPA-related health effects among these workers is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Hines
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1090 Tusculum Ave, R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Matthew V Jackson
- URS Professional Solutions/RCS Corporation, 2131 S. Centennial Ave, Aiken, SC 29803, USA
| | - James A Deddens
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1090 Tusculum Ave, R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - John C Clark
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1090 Tusculum Ave, R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy. MS F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Annette L Christianson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1090 Tusculum Ave, R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Juliana W Meadows
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1090 Tusculum Ave, R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy. MS F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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von Goetz N, Pirow R, Hart A, Bradley E, Poças F, Arcella D, Lillegard ITL, Simoneau C, van Engelen J, Husoy T, Theobald A, Leclercq C. Including non-dietary sources into an exposure assessment of the European Food Safety Authority: The challenge of multi-sector chemicals such as Bisphenol A. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 85:70-78. [PMID: 28185845 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the most recent risk assessment for Bisphenol A for the first time a multi-route aggregate exposure assessment was conducted by the European Food Safety Authority. This assessment includes exposure via dietary sources, and also contributions of the most important non-dietary sources. Both average and high aggregate exposure were calculated by source-to-dose modeling (forward calculation) for different age groups and compared with estimates based on urinary biomonitoring data (backward calculation). The aggregate exposure estimates obtained by forward and backward modeling are in the same order of magnitude, with forward modeling yielding higher estimates associated with larger uncertainty. Yet, only forward modeling can indicate the relative contribution of different sources. Dietary exposure, especially via canned food, appears to be the most important exposure source and, based on the central aggregate exposure estimates, contributes around 90% to internal exposure to total (conjugated plus unconjugated) BPA. Dermal exposure via thermal paper and to a lesser extent via cosmetic products may contribute around 10% for some age groups. The uncertainty around these estimates is considerable, but since after dermal absorption a first-pass metabolism of BPA by conjugation is lacking, dermal sources may be of equal or even higher toxicological relevance than dietary sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- N von Goetz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - R Pirow
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), D-10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Hart
- Fera Science Ltd (FERA), York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - E Bradley
- Fera Science Ltd (FERA), York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - F Poças
- Faculty of Biotechnology - Universidade Católica Portuguesa, P-Porto, Portugal.
| | - D Arcella
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), I-43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - I T L Lillegard
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - C Simoneau
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
| | - J van Engelen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), NL-3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - T Husoy
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - A Theobald
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), I-43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - C Leclercq
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics Analysis, Center for Research on Food and Nutrition, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
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137
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Wang Z, Liu H, Liu S. Low-Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600248. [PMID: 28251049 PMCID: PMC5323866 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the world and the second most common fatal cancer in women. Epidemiological studies and clinical data have indicated that hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, play important roles in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly used and thoroughly studied endocrine disruptors. It can be released from consumer products and deposited in the environment, thus creating potential for human exposure through oral, inhaled, and dermal routes. Some recent reviews have summarized the known mechanisms of endocrine disruptions by BPA in human diseases, including obesity, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. However, large knowledge gaps still exist on the roles BPA may play in cancer initiation and development. Evidence from animal and in vitro studies has suggested an association between increased incidence of breast cancer and BPA exposure at doses below the safe reference doses that are the most environmentally relevant. Most current studies have paid little attention to the cancer-promoting properties of BPA at low doses. In this review, recent findings on the carcinogenic effects of low-dose BPA on breast cancer and discussed possible biologic mechanisms are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- School of Public HealthXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan Province453003China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of BioprocessBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
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138
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New insights into fetal mammary gland morphogenesis: differential effects of natural and environmental estrogens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40806. [PMID: 28102330 PMCID: PMC5244390 DOI: 10.1038/srep40806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased breast cancer risk during adulthood has been linked to estrogen exposure during fetal life. However, the impossibility of removing estrogens from the feto-maternal unit has hindered the testing of estrogen’s direct effect on mammary gland organogenesis. To overcome this limitation, we developed an ex vivo culture method of the mammary gland where the direct action of estrogens can be tested during embryonic days (E)14 to 19. Mouse mammary buds dissected at E14 and cultured for 5 days showed that estrogens directly altered fetal mammary gland development. Exposure to 0.1 pM, 10 pM, and 1 nM 17 β-estradiol (E2) resulted in monotonic inhibition of mammary buds ductal growth. In contrast, Bisphenol-A (BPA) elicited a non-monotonic response. At environmentally relevant doses (1 nM), BPA significantly increased ductal growth, as previously observed in vivo, while 1 μM BPA significantly inhibited ductal growth. Ductal branching followed the same pattern. This effect of BPA was blocked by Fulvestrant, a full estrogen antagonist, while the effect of estradiol was not. This method may be used to study the hormonal regulation of mammary gland development, and to test newly synthesized chemicals that are released into the environment without proper assessment of their hormonal action on critical targets like the mammary gland.
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139
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Sartain CV, Hunt PA. An old culprit but a new story: bisphenol A and "NextGen" bisphenols. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:820-6. [PMID: 27504789 PMCID: PMC5304938 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept that developmental events shape adult health and disease was sparked by the recognition of a link between maternal undernutrition and coronary disease in adults. From that beginning, a new field-the developmental origins of health and disease-emerged, and attention has focused on the effects of a wide array of developmental perturbations. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals has been of particular interest, and a ubiquitous environmental contaminant bisphenol A (BPA) has become the endocrine-disrupting chemical poster child. Bisphenol A has been the subject of intense investigation for nearly two decades, and exposure effects have been described in hundreds of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies. From the standpoint of reproductive health, the findings are particularly important, as they suggest that the ovary, testis, and reproductive tract in both sexes are targets of BPA action. The findings and the media and regulatory attention garnered by them have generated increasing public concern and resulted in legislative bans on BPA in some countries. The subsequent introduction of BPA-free products, although a masterful marketing strategy, is in reality only the beginning of a new and complex chapter of the BPA story. In this review we attempt to summarize what we have learned about the reproductive effects of BPA, present the reasons why studying the effects of this chemical in humans is no longer sufficient, and outline the challenges that the growing array of next generation bisphenols represents to clinicians, researchers, federal agencies, and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline V Sartain
- School of Molecular Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- School of Molecular Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
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140
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Gross L. Wreaking Reproductive Havoc One Chemical at a Time. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e2000706. [PMID: 27557424 PMCID: PMC4996459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liza Gross
- Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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141
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Luo H, Li C, Fang H, Wang X. Comparative study of the interactions between bisphenol analogues and serum albumins by electrospray mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30 Suppl 1:162-167. [PMID: 27539432 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bisphenol A and its alternatives are widely used in common consumer products and are known as environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals. Five bisphenol analogues, namely, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol (BPS), bisphenol A (BPA) and 4,4'-hexafluoroisopropylidenediphenol (BPAF), were selected to study their interactions with serum albumins, aiming at a better understanding of the toxicological mechanisms of bisphenol compounds. METHODS The interactions between human and bovine serum albumins (HSA and BSA) with these five compounds were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking confirmed the ESI-MS observations and provided complementary information with respect to thermodynamic properties and binding modes. RESULTS TBBPA showed the highest binding ability with HSA and BSA, followed by TBBPA and BPS, whereas BPA and BPAF exhibited little or no binding with these serum albumins. The calculated thermodynamic parameters suggested that hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces played important roles for these interactions. Binding energies of TBBPA, TCBPA, and BPS calculated by molecular docking were -35.18, -34.39, and -25.89 kJ mol(-1) , respectively, in good agreement with ESI-MS measurements. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that halogenated substituents on the phenolic rings of bisphenol could enhance the binding ability with serum albumins. This work could provide useful information for further research on the relationship between molecular structures and toxicities of bisphenols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangshi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huaifang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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142
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Mínguez-Alarcón L, Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Souter I, Williams PL, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Dietary folate intake and modification of the association of urinary bisphenol A concentrations with in vitro fertilization outcomes among women from a fertility clinic. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:104-112. [PMID: 27423903 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Experimental data in rodents suggest that the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on oocyte development may be modified by dietary methyl donors. Whether the same interaction exists in humans is unknown. We evaluated whether intake of methyl donors modified the associations between urinary BPA concentrations and treatment outcomes among 178 women who underwent 248 IVF cycles at a fertility center in Boston between 2007 and 2012. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and provided up to two urine samples per treatment cycle. High urinary BPA concentrations were associated with a 66% lower probability of implantation (p=0.007) among women who consumed <400μg/day of food folate, but not among women consuming ≥400μg/day (21% higher probability of implantation, p=0.18) (p,interaction=0.04). A similar pattern was observed for probability of clinical pregnancy (p,interaction=0.07) and live birth (p,interaction=0.16). These results are consistent with previous animal data but further evaluation in other human populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Irene Souter
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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143
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Guignard D, Gauderat G, Gayrard V, Lacroix MZ, Picard-Hagen N, Puel S, Toutain PL, Viguié C. Characterization of the contribution of buccal absorption to internal exposure to bisphenol A through the diet. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 93:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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144
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Chen Y, Shu L, Qiu Z, Lee DY, Settle SJ, Que Hee S, Telesca D, Yang X, Allard P. Exposure to the BPA-Substitute Bisphenol S Causes Unique Alterations of Germline Function. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006223. [PMID: 27472198 PMCID: PMC4966967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about the safety of Bisphenol A, a chemical found in plastics, receipts, food packaging and more, have led to its replacement with substitutes now found in a multitude of consumer products. However, several popular BPA-free alternatives, such as Bisphenol S, share a high degree of structural similarity with BPA, suggesting that these substitutes may disrupt similar developmental and reproductive pathways. We compared the effects of BPA and BPS on germline and reproductive functions using the genetic model system Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that, similarly to BPA, BPS caused severe reproductive defects including germline apoptosis and embryonic lethality. However, meiotic recombination, targeted gene expression, whole transcriptome and ontology analyses as well as ToxCast data mining all indicate that these effects are partly achieved via mechanisms distinct from BPAs. These findings therefore raise new concerns about the safety of BPA alternatives and the risk associated with human exposure to mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichang Chen
- Molecular Toxicology Inter-departmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Le Shu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Zhiqun Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dong Yeon Lee
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sara J. Settle
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shane Que Hee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Donatello Telesca
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick Allard
- Molecular Toxicology Inter-departmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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145
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Stacy SL, Eliot M, Calafat AM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Hauser R, Papandonatos GD, Sathyanarayana S, Ye X, Yolton K, Braun JM. Patterns, Variability, and Predictors of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations during Childhood. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5981-90. [PMID: 27152530 PMCID: PMC5547574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined the patterns, variability, and predictors of urinary bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in 337 children from the Cincinnati, Ohio HOME Study. From 2003 to 2014, we collected two urine samples from women at 16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy and six urine samples from children at 1-5 and 8 years of age. We used linear mixed models to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) as a measure of within-person BPA variability and to identify sociodemographic and environmental predictors. For the 8-year visit, we used multivariable linear regression to explore associations between urinary BPA concentrations and exposure-related factors. We calculated daily intakes using equations estimating creatinine excretion rates and creatinine-standardized BPA concentrations. Urinary BPA concentrations, which decreased over childhood, had a low degree of reproducibility (ICC < 0.2). Estimated daily intakes decreased with age and were below the reference dose of 50 μg/kg body weight/day. BPA concentrations were positively associated with consuming food stored or heated in plastic, consuming canned food and beverages, and handling cash register receipts. Our results suggest that there are multiple sources of BPA exposure in young children. Etiological studies should collect serial urine samples to accurately classify BPA exposure and consider sociodemographic and environmental factors as possible confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina L. Stacy
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - George D. Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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146
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Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens I: Bisphenol A in pregnant women. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:129-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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147
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Gerona RR, Pan J, Zota AR, Schwartz JM, Friesen M, Taylor JA, Hunt PA, Woodruff TJ. Direct measurement of Bisphenol A (BPA), BPA glucuronide and BPA sulfate in a diverse and low-income population of pregnant women reveals high exposure, with potential implications for previous exposure estimates: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2016; 15:50. [PMID: 27071747 PMCID: PMC4828888 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous, endocrine-disrupting environmental contaminant that increases risk of some adverse developmental effects. Thus, it is important to characterize BPA levels, metabolic fate and sources of exposure in pregnant women. METHODS We used an improved liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytic method to directly and simultaneously measure unconjugated BPA (uBPA), BPA glucuronide and BPA sulfate in the urine of a population of ethnically and racially diverse, and predominately low-income pregnant women (n = 112) in their second trimester. We also administered a questionnaire on dietary and non-dietary sources of exposure to BPA. RESULTS We found universal and high exposure to uBPA and its metabolites: median concentrations were 0.25, 4.67, and 0.31 μg/g creatinine for uBPA, BPA glucuronide, and BPA sulfate, respectively. The median Total BPA (uBPA + BPA in glucuronide and sulfate forms) level was more than twice that measured in U.S. pregnant women in NHANES 2005-2006, while 30 % of the women had Total BPA levels above the 95th percentile. On average, Total BPA consisted of 71 % BPA in glucuronide form, 15 % BPA in sulfate form and 14 % uBPA, however the proportion of BPA in sulfate form increased and the proportion of uBPA decreased with Total BPA levels. Occupational and non-occupational contact with paper receipts was positively associated with BPA in conjugated (glucuronidated + sulfated) form after adjustment for demographic characteristics. Recent consumption of foods and beverages likely to be contaminated with BPA was infrequent among participants and we did not observe any positive associations with BPA analyte levels. CONCLUSION The high levels of BPA analytes found in our study population may be attributable to the low-income status of the majority of participants and/or our direct analytic method, which yields a more complete evaluation of BPA exposure. We observed near-universal exposure to BPA among pregnant women, as well as substantial variability in BPA metabolic clearance, raising additional concerns for effects on fetal development. Our results are consistent with studies showing thermal paper receipts to be an important source of exposure, point to the difficulty pregnant women have avoiding BPA exposure on an individual level, and therefore underscore the need for changes in BPA regulation and commerce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy R. Gerona
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Janet Pan
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Ami R. Zota
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- />Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 414, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Jackie M. Schwartz
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Matthew Friesen
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Julia A. Taylor
- />Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 114 Lefevre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Patricia A. Hunt
- />School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, PO Box 647521, Pullman, WA 99164-7521 USA
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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148
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Calafat AM, Longnecker MP, Koch HM, Swan SH, Hauser R, Goldman LR, Lanphear BP, Rudel RA, Engel SM, Teitelbaum SL, Whyatt RM, Wolff MS. Response to "Comment on 'Optimal Exposure Biomarkers for Nonpersistent Chemicals in Environmental Epidemiology'". ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:A66-A67. [PMID: 27035263 PMCID: PMC4821234 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1611282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew P. Longnecker
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holger M. Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn R. Goldman
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie M. Engel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Robin M. Whyatt
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary S. Wolff
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
In environmental epidemiology, use of biomonitoring (i.e., trace-level measurement of environmental chemicals or their metabolites in biospecimens) for exposure assessment has increased considerably in past decades. Although exposure biomarkers should reflect a person's exposure to the target chemicals (or their precursors) within a specific timeframe, timing, duration, and intensity of exposures are normally unknown and likely vary within the study period. Therefore, evaluating exposure beyond a single time point may require collecting more than one biospecimen. Of note, collection and sample processing procedures will impact integrity and usefulness of biospecimens. All of the above factors are fundamental to properly interpret biomonitoring data. We will discuss the relevance of the exposure assessment study protocol design to (a) ensure that biomonitoring specimens reflect the intended exposure, (b) consider the temporal variability of concentrations of the target biomarkers, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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150
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