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Muldoon BM, Hogan NS. Biomarker responses to estrogen and androgen exposure in the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans): A new bioindicator species for endocrine disrupting compounds. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 180:1-10. [PMID: 26545489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Small-bodied freshwater fish are commonly used in regulatory testing for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) but most lack a sensitive and quantifiable androgen-specific biomarker. Brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) are a North American freshwater fish whose males produce an androgen-regulated glycoprotein in the kidney called spiggin. Although spiggin induction in females has been used as an androgen-specific biomarker of exposure in other stickleback species it has not been characterized in brook stickleback. Therefore, our objective was to develop a bioassay using brook stickleback to measure estrogenic and androgenic responses and establish the sensitivity of traditional and novel biomarkers of exposure. We first developed and optimized a qPCR assay to measure spiggin and vitellogenin transcript levels in kidney and liver tissue, respectively. Basal levels were differentially expressed in mature wild-caught male and female brook stickleback. To determine their sensitivity to EDCs, fish were exposed to nominal concentrations of 1, 10 and 100ng/L of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) or 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) for 21days (sampled at 7 and 21days) under semi-static renewal conditions. MT and EE2 exposure induced spiggin and vitellogenin transcripts in female kidneys and male livers, respectively. Exposure to EE2 also increased hepatosomatic index in both sexes and decreased gonadosomatic index in females. Histopathological alterations were observed in the kidney of EE2-exposed fish and an increase in kidney epithelium cell height occurred in MT-exposed females. Given the sensitivity of these endpoints, the brook stickleback is a promising new freshwater fish model for EDC evaluation and a potential bioindicator for EDCs in North American freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breda M Muldoon
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Natacha S Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
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102
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Gilannejad N, Dorafshan S, Heyrati FP, Soofiani NM, Asadollah S, Martos-Sitcha JA, Prat F, Yúfera M, Martínez-Rodríguez G. Vitellogenin expression in wild cyprinid Petroleuciscus esfahani as a biomarker of endocrine disruption along the Zayandeh Roud River, Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1342-1350. [PMID: 26479453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are the ultimate sink for most of anthropogenic pollutants. The Zayandeh Roud River is the most important river in the central Iranian Plateau, supplying water to a large population. In order to determine the potential occurrence and in vivo effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) with estrogenic or anti-androgenic properties we analyzed the wild populations of an extensively distributed endemic fish species, Petroleuciscus esfahani. For this purpose, specimens were caught from two sites upstream and two sites downstream of the expected major anthropogenic pollution sources. P. esfahani full-length cDNAs for vitellogenin (vtg), with 4177 base pairs (bp) encoding a 1339 amino acids (aa), and for β-actin (actb), with 1776 bp encoding a 375 aa, were amplified and cloned. Hepatic vtg mRNA expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Condition factor, gonadosomatic index and sex ratio were calculated and compared with vtg expression. Gonad histology was performed to study the possible presence of intersex condition. Detection of vtg transcripts in male individuals from the two downstream sampling sites supports the hypothesis of exposure to EDCs in these regions. Higher vtg expression in male individuals, together with reduced gonad size and condition factor, in specimens from the site located downstream of the major steel mill plant suggest a major endocrine disruption in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Gilannejad
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), CSIC, 11519 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Salar Dorafshan
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Paykan Heyrati
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Asadollah
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), CSIC, 11519 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Prat
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), CSIC, 11519 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Yúfera
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), CSIC, 11519 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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103
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Adeogun AO, Ibor OR, Adeduntan SD, Arukwe A. Intersex and alterations in reproductive development of a cichlid, Tilapia guineensis, from a municipal domestic water supply lake (Eleyele) in Southwestern Nigeria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:372-382. [PMID: 26410712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop and validate biomarker techniques for aquatic environmental monitoring of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in Nigeria aquatic ecosystems, using the Eleyele Lake, which is a major source of domestic water supply to Ibadan and its surrounding towns, as a model aquatic environment and Tilapia guineensis, as a model organism. A total of 55 male and 28 female fish were used for this study. No significant difference in condition factor was observed between the sexes. Evaluation of gross gonadal morphology of the sampled fish showed 33% intersex prevalence in the sampled population, of which respective 71 and 29% were males and females, with visible testis and ovary developing alongside phenotypic females and males. Plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) were performed, showing that male fish had significantly higher plasma LH and E2 concentrations, compared to females. Vitellogenin (Vtg) and zona radiata proteins (Zrp) mRNA levels were significantly higher in males, compared to female fish. Contaminant analysis revealed that PCB 81, 123, 138 and 196 were the only PCB congeners detected in sediment and fish muscle (PCB153 in sediment), while dieldrin was the only organochlorine compound (OC) detected in Eleyele sediment. These responses were used in a multivariate analysis, showing that two principal components were extracted and accounted for 74% of total variation in the dataset. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that male fish variables were positively correlated with PCB congeners 18 and 123, while female fish showed positive correlations with congener 81, 138, 189, 196, indicating sex-specific pattern of association between PCBs concentrations and biomarker expression. In addition, strong positive correlation between male fish and LH, E2, FSH and Vtg was observed, while female fish positively correlated with 11-KT and GSI. These relationships suggest feminization and masculinization of male and female fish, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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104
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Zhu Y, Ma X, Su G, Yu L, Letcher RJ, Hou J, Yu H, Giesy JP, Liu C. Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of the Flame Retardant Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate Inhibit Growth of Female Zebrafish and Decrease Fecundity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14579-87. [PMID: 26512412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioconcentrations of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) in brain, gonad, and liver as well as effects on fecundity and development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were determined. Zebrafish (1-month old) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 29 ± 2.1, 600 ± 21, or 6300 ± 130 ng TDCIPP/L. After 120 days of exposure, TDCIPP accumulated in the brain, gonad, and liver with bioconcentration factors of 460, 38, and 87 in females and 26, 55, and 110 in males, respectively. TDCIPP accumulated to a greater extent in brains of females than those of males. Exposure to 6300 ± 130 ng TDCIPP/L resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) fewer eggs being produced, but the histology of the gonad, plasma concentrations of estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone, and expression of genes involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between individuals exposed to TDCIPP and the unexposed control fish. Exposure to TDCIPP resulted in shorter body length, lighter body mass, and lower gonadal-somatic index in females. These effects were possibly due to down-regulation of expression of genes along the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis. Correlations between the production of eggs and developmental parameters or expression of genes along the GH/IGF axis further suggested that environmentally relevant concentrations of TDCIPP could have adverse effects on reproduction, possibly due to the inhibition of the growth of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xufa Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210089, China
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Centre for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan Agriculture University , Changsha 410128, China
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105
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Beitel SC, Doering JA, Eisner BK, Hecker M. Comparison of the sensitivity of four native Canadian fish species to 17-α ethinylestradiol, using an in vitro liver explant assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:20186-20197. [PMID: 26304805 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental estrogens and other endocrine-active chemicals can impact reproduction of freshwater fishes. While extensive data exists regarding the effect of estrogens on standard laboratory species, little is known about the sensitivity of freshwater fishes native to North America to these compounds. Current testing strategies for the toxicological assessment of contaminants still rely heavily on studies with live animals, which poses increasing concerns from an economical and ethical perspective. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the sensitivity of four native species, namely, northern pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Sander vitreus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), to an environmental estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), using an in vitro tissue explant approach. Transcript abundances of vitellogenin (VTG) as well as the estrogen receptors (ER) α and β were used as the measuring endpoints as they represent well established biomarkers previously used to assess exposure to estrogens. Transcript abundance of VTG was upregulated in a concentration-dependent manner in each species. Liver explants of male walleye were found to have the greatest sensitivity to EE2, with a lowest observable effect concentration of 300 ng/L (1.0 nM) for VTG transcript abundance, with juvenile white sturgeon having the greatest magnitude of VTG transcript upregulation in exposed tissue (15-fold relative to control). Exposure of liver explants to EE2 resulted in no alteration in transcript abundance of ERβ, whereas upregulation of ERα was observed in northern pike only. Based on in vitro expression of VTG, the species tested were among the species with greatest sensitivity to environmental estrogens tested to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn C Beitel
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Jon A Doering
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Bryanna K Eisner
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
- School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Room 323, Kirk Hall, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada.
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106
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Arnold KE, Brown AR, Ankley GT, Sumpter JP. Medicating the environment: assessing risks of pharmaceuticals to wildlife and ecosystems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:rstb.2013.0569. [PMID: 25405959 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global pharmaceutical consumption is rising with the growing and ageing human population and more intensive food production. Recent studies have revealed pharmaceutical residues in a wide range of ecosystems and organisms. Environmental concentrations are often low, but pharmaceuticals typically are designed to have biological effects at low doses, acting on physiological systems that can be evolutionarily conserved across taxa. This Theme Issue introduces the latest research investigating the risks of environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceuticals to vertebrate wildlife. We take a holistic, global view of environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals encompassing terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems in high- and low-income countries. Based on both field and laboratory data, the evidence for and relevance of changes to physiology and behaviour, in addition to mortality and reproductive effects, are examined in terms of the population- and community-level consequences of pharmaceutical exposure on wildlife. Studies on uptake, trophic transfer and indirect effects of pharmaceuticals acting via food webs are presented. Given the logistical and ethical complexities of research in this area, several papers focus on techniques for prioritizing which compounds are most likely to harm wildlife and how modelling approaches can make predictions about the bioavailability, metabolism and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in non-target species. This Theme Issue aims to help clarify the uncertainties, highlight opportunities and inform ongoing scientific and policy debates on the impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Ross Brown
- AstraZeneca Safety, Health and Environment, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Brixham, UK University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | | | - John P Sumpter
- Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
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107
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Tokarz J, Möller G, Hrabě de Angelis M, Adamski J. Steroids in teleost fishes: A functional point of view. Steroids 2015; 103:123-44. [PMID: 26102270 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are involved in the regulation of a variety of processes like embryonic development, sex differentiation, metabolism, immune responses, circadian rhythms, stress response, and reproduction in vertebrates. Teleost fishes and humans show a remarkable conservation in many developmental and physiological aspects, including the endocrine system in general and the steroid hormone related processes in particular. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about steroid hormone biosynthesis and the steroid hormone receptors in teleost fishes and compares the findings to the human system. The impact of the duplicated genome in teleost fishes on steroid hormone biosynthesis and perception is addressed. Additionally, important processes in fish physiology regulated by steroid hormones, which are most dissimilar to humans, are described. We also give a short overview on the influence of anthropogenic endocrine disrupting compounds on steroid hormone signaling and the resulting adverse physiological effects for teleost fishes. By this approach, we show that the steroidogenesis, hormone receptors, and function of the steroid hormones are reasonably well understood when summarizing the available data of all teleost species analyzed to date. However, on the level of a single species or a certain fish-specific aspect of physiology, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Tokarz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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108
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Hampel M, Blasco J, Segner H. Molecular and cellular effects of contamination in aquatic ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17261-6. [PMID: 26507731 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hampel
- Department for Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Julian Blasco
- Andalusian Institute for Marine Sciences (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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109
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Villeneuve DL, Crump D, Garcia-Reyero N, Hecker M, Hutchinson TH, LaLone CA, Landesmann B, Lettieri T, Munn S, Nepelska M, Ottinger MA, Vergauwen L, Whelan M. Adverse outcome pathway development II: best practices. Toxicol Sci 2015; 142:321-30. [PMID: 25466379 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organization of existing and emerging toxicological knowledge into adverse outcome pathway (AOP) descriptions can facilitate greater application of mechanistic data, including those derived through high-throughput in vitro, high content omics and imaging, and biomarker approaches, in risk-based decision making. The previously ad hoc process of AOP development is being formalized through development of internationally harmonized guidance and principles. The goal of this article was to outline the information content desired for formal AOP description and some rules of thumb and best practices intended to facilitate reuse and connectivity of elements of an AOP description in a knowledgebase and network context. For example, key events (KEs) are measurements of change in biological state that are indicative of progression of a perturbation toward a specified adverse outcome. Best practices for KE description suggest that each KE should be defined as an independent measurement made at a particular level of biological organization. The concept of "functional equivalence" can help guide both decisions about how many KEs to include in an AOP and the specificity with which they are defined. Likewise, in describing both KEs and evidence that supports a causal linkage or statistical association between them (ie, a key event relationship; KER), best practice is to build from and contribute to existing KE or KER descriptions in the AOP knowledgebase rather than creating redundant descriptions. The best practices proposed address many of the challenges and uncertainties related to AOP development and help promote a consistent and reliable, yet flexible approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Villeneuve
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Doug Crump
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Markus Hecker
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Thomas H Hutchinson
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Landesmann
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocompu
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocompu
| | - Sharon Munn
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocompu
| | - Malgorzata Nepelska
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocompu
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocompu
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maurice Whelan
- *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada SK S7N 5B3, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK, Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium *US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, Environment Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3, Institute for Genomics, Biocompu
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110
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Cosme MM, Lister AL, Van Der Kraak G. Inhibition of spawning in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Adverse outcome pathways of quinacrine and ethinylestradiol. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 219:89-101. [PMID: 25644209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of the estrogen receptor agonist ethinylestradiol (EE2) and the phospholipase A2 inhibitor quinacrine (QUIN) on the pathways controlling follicular development, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, ovulation and spawning success in adult zebrafish. Both EE2 and QUIN inhibited spawning but did so through different mechanisms. EE2 affected follicular development (reduced ovarian size and reduction in the proportion of cortical alveolus, vitellogenic and mature follicle stages), steroidogenesis (reduced expression of aromatase), maturation (reduced luteinizing hormone receptor expression) and ovulation (reduced expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and the nuclear progesterone receptor). Although EE2 alters the proportion of follicle stages within the ovary, the downregulation of gene expression as a consequence of EE2 exposure was primarily due to a decline in expression of the genes of interest in vitellogenic and mature ovarian follicles. QUIN targeted ovulation via a reduction of the steroid 17α,20β dihydroxy-4-prenen-3-one (17α,20β-P) and decreased expression of the prostaglandin metabolizing enzyme cyclooxygenase 2. This study demonstrates the usefulness in defining the impacts of toxicants at the molecular and cellular, organ and whole organism level and how connections between these impacts can be used to describe the adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that mediate toxicant action. Histological analysis and gene expression were effective tools in defining the AOPs of QUIN and EE2 while the measurement of reproductive hormones level did not provide much valuable information regarding the toxicant's mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyne M Cosme
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea L Lister
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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111
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Won EJ, Han J, Lee Y, Kumar KS, Shin KH, Lee SJ, Park HG, Lee JS. In vivo effects of UV radiation on multiple endpoints and expression profiles of DNA repair and heat shock protein (Hsp) genes in the cycloid copepod Paracyclopina nana. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:1-8. [PMID: 26001085 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on energy acquisition and consumption, the copepod Paracyclopina nana was irradiated with several doses (0-3kJ/m(2)) of UV. After UV radiation, we measured the re-brooding success, growth pattern of newly hatched nauplii, ingestion rate, and assimilation of diet. In addition, we checked the modulated patterns of DNA repair and heat shock protein (hsp) chaperoning genes of P. nana. UV-B radiation induced a significant reduction (7-87%) of the re-brooding rate of ovigerous females, indicating that UV-induced egg sac damage is closely correlated with a reduction in the hatching rate of UV-irradiated ovigerous female offspring. Using chlorophyll a and stable carbon isotope incubation experiments, we found a dose-dependent decrease (P<0.05) in food ingestion and the rate of assimilation to the body in response to UV radiation, implying that P. nana has an underlying ability to shift its balanced-energy status from growth and reproduction to DNA repair and adaptation. Also, expression of P. nana base excision repair (BER)-associated genes and hsp chaperoning genes was significantly increased in response to UV radiation in P. nana. These findings indicate that even 1kJ/m(2) of UV radiation induces a reduction in reproduction and growth patterns, alters the physiological balance and inhibits the ability to cope with UV-induced damage in P. nana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Yeonjung Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - K Suresh Kumar
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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112
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Glinka CO, Frasca S, Provatas AA, Lama T, DeGuise S, Bosker T. The effects of model androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone on mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) reproduction under different salinities. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:266-276. [PMID: 26141585 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting substances (EDSs) have the potential to disturb sensitive hormone pathways, particularly those involved in development and reproduction. Both fresh and estuarine water bodies receive inputs of EDSs from a variety of sources, including sewage effluent, industrial effluent and agricultural runoff. Based on current literature, freshwater species appear to respond to lower levels of EDSs than estuarine or marine species. Therefore, effects elicited by EDSs in freshwater teleosts may not be an accurate representation of how EDSs affect teleosts in estuarine and marine environments. To address this potential difference, a short-term reproductive bioassay was conducted under conditions of low and high salinity using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), a euryhaline species that is native to the east coast of North America. The goals of this study were to determine the response of mummichog when exposed to an androgenic EDS and whether salinity affected the response. A model androgen, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), was selected for this experiment. Impacts on reproduction were evaluated at multiple biological levels, including physiological (sex steroid levels), organismal (gonad size and gonad morphology), and functional (egg production) endpoints. Under conditions of high salinity, egg production was significantly reduced at all exposure concentrations. Under conditions of low salinity, there were no significant differences based on DHT treatment; however, egg production in all treatment groups including the control were significantly reduced relative to the high salinity control group. Other reproductive endpoints, such as sex steroid production, showed stronger correlation to fecundity in females than males. This study demonstrates that mummichog fecundity is sensitive to androgenic endocrine disruption while also underscoring the importance of how changes in salinity, an environmental variable, can impact reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea O Glinka
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Salvatore Frasca
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anthony A Provatas
- Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tanya Lama
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sylvain DeGuise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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113
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Matthiessen P, Weltje L. A review of the effects of azole compounds in fish and their possible involvement in masculinization of wild fish populations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:453-67. [PMID: 25899164 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1018409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-mediated effects in fish populations have been widely documented. Most attention has been focused on feminization caused by estrogenic substances, but this paper reviews evidence for the effects of a group of fungicides and pharmaceuticals, the azoles, which have been reported to cause masculinization in fish. The paper considers information from laboratory studies on the effects of azole compounds on fish endocrinology, and on the potential existence of such effects in wild fish. The occurrence of some azoles in effluents and surface waters has also been briefly reviewed. Under laboratory conditions, many azoles are able to cause masculinization or defeminization in fish by inhibition of the P450 enzyme aromatase (CYP19). However, in no case where such effects have been observed in the field has a link been established with this group of substances. In most instances, other more convincing explanations have been proposed. Peak concentrations of some azoles in surface waters can approach those which, under continuous long-term exposure in the laboratory, might lead to some aromatase inhibition. However, available data on exposure and effects provide reassurance that the concentrations of azoles found in surface waters are too low to cause adverse effects in fish by interference with their endocrine system. Compared to the widespread observations of feminization and estrogenic effects in (male) fish, there are relatively few papers describing masculinization or defeminization in (female) wild fish populations, suggesting that this is quite a rare phenomenon. The significance of this result is emphasized by the fact that fish are among the best studied organisms in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Matthiessen
- Independent Consultant in Ecotoxicology, Old School House , Brow Edge, Backbarrow, Ulverston, Cumbria , UK
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114
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Kumar V, Johnson AC, Trubiroha A, Tumová J, Ihara M, Grabic R, Kloas W, Tanaka H, Kroupová HK. The challenge presented by progestins in ecotoxicological research: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2625-2638. [PMID: 25611781 DOI: 10.1021/es5051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Around 20 progestins (also called gestagens, progestogens, or progestagens) are used today in assisting a range of medical conditions from endometrial cancer to uterine bleeding and as an important component of oral contraception. These progestins can bind to a wide range of receptors including progestin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, and mineralocorticoid receptor, as well as sex hormone and corticosteroid binding globulins. It appears that only five of these (four synthetic and one natural) progestins have so far been studied in sewage effluent and surface waters. Analysis has reported values as either nondetects or low nanograms per liter in rivers. Seven of the progestins have been examined for their effects on aquatic vertebrates (fish and frogs). The greatest concern is associated with levonorgestrel, norethisterone, and gestodene and their ability to reduce egg production in fish at levels of 0.8-1.0 ng/L. The lack of environmental measurements, and some of the contradictions in existing values, however, hampers our ability to make a risk assessment. Only a few nanograms per liter of ethynodiol diacetate and desogestrel in water would be needed for fish to receive a human therapeutic dose for these progestins according to modeled bioconcentration factors. But for the other synthetic progestins levels would need to reach tens or hundreds of nanograms per liter to achieve a therapeutic dose. Nevertheless, the wide range of compounds, diverse receptor targets, and the effect on fish reproduction at sub-nanogram-per-liter levels should prompt further research. The ability to impair female reproduction at very low concentrations makes the progestins arguably the most important pharmaceutical group of concern after ethinylestradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kumar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice , Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
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115
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Saunders DMV, Podaima M, Wiseman S, Giesy JP. Effects of the brominated flame retardant TBCO on fecundity and profiles of transcripts of the HPGL-axis in Japanese medaka. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 160:180-187. [PMID: 25646719 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The novel brominated flame retardant, 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (TBCO) is an additive flame retardant which is marketed under the trade name Saytex BCL-48. TBCO has recently been investigated as a potential alternative to the major use brominated flame retardant, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), which could have major implications for significant increases in amounts of TBCO used. Yet there is a lack of information regarding potential toxicities of TBCO. Recently, results of in vitro experiments have demonstrated the potential of TBCO to modulate endocrine function through interaction with estrogen and androgen receptors and via alterations to the synthesis of 17-β-estradiol and testosterone. Further research is required to determine potential endocrine disrupting effects of TBCO in vivo. In this experiment a 21-day fecundity assay with Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was conducted to examine endocrine disrupting effects of TBCO in vivo. Medaka were fed a diet containing either 607 or 58μg TBCO/g food, wet mass (wm). Fecundity, measured as cumulative deposition of eggs and fertilization of eggs, as well as abundances of transcripts of 34 genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis were measured as indicators of holistic endocrine disruption and to determine mechanisms of effects, respectively. Cumulative fecundity was 18% lesser by medaka exposed to 58μg TBCO/g, wm food. However, fecundity of medaka exposed to 607μg TBCO/g, wm food was not significantly different from that of controls. Organ-specific and dose-dependent alterations to abundances of transcripts were observed in male and female medaka. A pattern of down-regulation of expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, metabolism of cholesterol, and regulatory feedback mechanisms was observed in gonads from male and female medaka which had been exposed to the greater concentration of TBCO. However, these effects on expression of genes were not manifested in effects on fertilization of eggs or fecundity. In livers from male and female medaka exposed to the lesser concentration of TBCO greater expression of genes that respond to exposure to estrogens, including vitellogenin II, choriogenin H, and ERα, were observed. The results reported here confirm the endocrine disrupting potential of TBCO and elucidate potential mechanisms of effects which include specific patterns of alterations to abundances of transcripts of genes in the gonad and liver of medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M V Saunders
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Michelle Podaima
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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116
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Bahamonde PA, McMaster ME, Servos MR, Martyniuk CJ, Munkittrick KR. Molecular pathways associated with the intersex condition in rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) following exposures to municipal wastewater in the Grand River basin, ON, Canada. Part B. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 159:302-316. [PMID: 25542366 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum; RBD) is a small benthic fish found in North America. This species is sensitive to sewage effluent, and intersex is found in up to 80% of males in near-field areas in the Grand River, Ontario, Canada. To learn more about the molecular signaling cascades associated with intersex, a developed customized oligonucleotide microarray (4×180 K) using next generation sequencing was developed to characterize the transcriptome in the gonad of male and female RBD. Gene expression profiling was performed in males and females from both a reference site and a polluted site. Males with and without intersex condition from the areas closest to effluent outfalls were compared to males and females from a reference site. Microarray analysis revealed that there was increased mRNA abundance for genes associated with oogenesis in intersex males (i.e. the presence of eggs within the testis), and a decrease in mRNA abundance for genes associated with spermatid development. In females exposed to effluent, cell processes related with hatching and ovulation were down-regulated, and genes involved in immune responses were increased in abundance. In the non-intersex males exposed to effluent, cell processes such as sperm cell adhesion were decreased at the transcript level relative to males from the reference site. Microarray analysis revealed that heat shock proteins (HSP) were significantly increased in non-intersex males exposed to effluent; however, HSPs were not differentially expressed in intersex males exposed to the effluent. Genes involved in sex differentiation (sox9, foxl2 and dmrt1) and reproduction (esr1, esrb, ar, vtg, cyp19a1 and cyp11a) were measured in males, females, and intersex individuals. Consistent with the intersex condition, many transcripts showed an intermediate expression level in intersex males when compared to phenotypic males and females. This study improves our knowledge regarding the molecular pathways that underlie the intersex condition and develops a suite of qPCR bioassays in RBD that are able to discriminate pollutant-exposed males without intersex from those males with intersex. Part A of this study reports on the effects of municipal wastewater effluents (MWWEs) on RBD in the Grand River and demonstrates that there are disruptions in higher level endpoints that include altered steroid levels. Here we develop a new tool for assessing and monitoring the intersex condition in RBD in polluted natural environments and begin to characterize gene networks that are associated with the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Bahamonde
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada E2L 4L5.
| | - M E McMaster
- Emerging Methods Branch, Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada L7R 4A6
| | - M R Servos
- Canadian Rivers Institute and University of Waterloo, Department of Biology, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - C J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada E2L 4L5
| | - K R Munkittrick
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada E2L 4L5
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117
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Ankley GT, Jensen KM. A novel framework for interpretation of data from the fish short-term reproduction assay (FSTRA) for the detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2529-2540. [PMID: 25098918 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fish short-term reproduction assay (FSTRA) is a key component of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), which uses a weight-of-evidence analysis based on data from several assays to identify the potential for chemicals to act as agonists or antagonists of the estrogen or androgen receptors (ER and AR), or inhibitors of steroidogenic enzymes. The FSTRA considers a variety of mechanistic and apical responses in 21-d exposures with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), including plasma steroid and vitellogenin (VTG; egg yolk protein) concentrations, secondary sex characteristics, gonad size and histopathology, and egg production. Although the FSTRA initially was described several years ago, recent data generation associated with implementation of the EDSP highlighted the need for more formal guidance regarding evaluation of information from the assay. The authors describe a framework for interpretation of FSTRA data relative to perturbation of endocrine pathways of concern to the EDSP. The framework considers end points individually and as suites of physiologically related responses relative to pathway identification. Sometimes changes in single end points can be highly diagnostic (e.g., induction of VTG in males by ER agonists, production of male secondary sex characteristics in females by AR agonists); in other instances, however, multiple, related end points are needed to reliably assess pathway perturbation (e.g., AR antagonism, steroid synthesis inhibition). In addition to describing an interpretive framework, the authors demonstrate its practical utility using publicly available FSTRA data for a wide range of known and hypothesized endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2529-2540. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Ankley
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
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118
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Selcer KW, Verbanic JD. Vitellogenin of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens): development of an ELISA assay and evaluation of induction after immersion in xenobiotic estrogens. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 112:348-354. [PMID: 25048926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An immunoassay for leopard frog (Rana pipiens) vitellogenin was developed for studying endocrine disruption. Male frogs were injected with estradiol-17β to stimulate vitellogenin for purification. SDS-PAGE revealed high amounts of a 170-180 kDa protein, which was confirmed to be vitellogenin by Western blotting. Vitellogenin was purified by DEAE chromatography and used to generate a polyclonal antibody. A competitive ELISA was developed for leopard frog vitellogenin with a detection limit of 6.0 ng mL(-1) and a working range of 20-1000 ng mL(-1). The intra-assay coefficient of variation averaged 5.47% for control sera and 9.71% for estrogen-treated sera. The inter-assay coefficient of variation averaged 8.21% for control sera and 9.93% for estrogen-treated sera. Recovery of purified vitellogenin averaged 95.2%. Vitellogenin was measured in male frogs immersed in the estrogenic compound diethylstilbestrol (DES) for various times and doses. Serum vitellogenin was detected within five days after immersion in 1.0 mg L(-1) DES and levels continued to increase through 20 d. In a 20-day dose-response experiment, serum vitellogenin was detected in frogs immersed in 0.01 mg L(-1) DES and vitellogenin concentration increased with dose. Immersion of frogs in one of several xenobiotic estrogens (nonylphenol, octylphenol, bisphenol-A) for 20 d did not increase vitellogenin for any treatment, suggesting that this frog may be less sensitive than fish to endocrine disruptors. Vitellogenin induction in R.pipiens may be a useful amphibian model system for field studies of endocrine disruption, due to its broad geographic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Selcer
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Research and Education, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Jodi D Verbanic
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Research and Education, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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119
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Effects of clofibric acid alone and in combination with 17β-estradiol on mRNA abundance in primary hepatocytes isolated from rainbow trout. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1106-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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120
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Pinto PIS, Estêvão MD, Power DM. Effects of estrogens and estrogenic disrupting compounds on fish mineralized tissues. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4474-94. [PMID: 25196834 PMCID: PMC4145326 DOI: 10.3390/md12084474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play well-recognized roles in reproduction across vertebrates, but also intervene in a wide range of other physiological processes, including mineral homeostasis. Classical actions are triggered when estrogens bind and activate intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs), regulating the transcription of responsive genes, but rapid non-genomic actions initiated by binding to plasma membrane receptors were recently described. A wide range of structurally diverse compounds from natural and anthropogenic sources have been shown to interact with and disrupt the normal functions of the estrogen system, and fish are particularly vulnerable to endocrine disruption, as these compounds are frequently discharged or run-off into waterways. The effect of estrogen disruptors in fish has mainly been assessed in relation to reproductive endpoints, and relatively little attention has been given to other disruptive actions. This review will overview the actions of estrogens in fish, including ER isoforms, their expression, structure and mechanisms of action. The estrogen functions will be considered in relation to mineral homeostasis and actions on mineralized tissues. The impact of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds on fish mineralized tissues will be reviewed, and the potential adverse outcomes of exposure to such compounds will be discussed. Current lacunae in knowledge are highlighted along with future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I S Pinto
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Maria D Estêvão
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Deborah M Power
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
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121
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Wheeler JR, Weltje L, Green RM. Mind the gap: Concerns using endpoints from endocrine screening assays in risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 69:289-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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122
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Rivas-Rivera N, Eguren G, Carrasco-Letelier L, Munkittrick KR. Screening of endocrine disruption activity in sediments from the Uruguay River. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1137-1142. [PMID: 24802028 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sediment constitutes an important sink of endocrine disruptor compounds; however, the potential of sediments to act as a source of endocrine disruptors should be more extensively investigated. The main objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of immature common carp to Uruguay River sediments undergo physiological and endocrine alterations. The lower Uruguay River watershed supports intensive agricultural and forest production, receives municipal sewage discharge and industrial effluent, and a new large pulp mill was constructed in 2006. A 30-day semi-static assay was performed using sediments from four sites along the Uruguay River and compared with an unexposed group in dechlorinated water as a negative control. We focused on two upstream and two downstream sites of a new elemental chlorine free pulp mill. The results showed that plasma vitellogenin levels increased in fish along the river and significant differences were found between the exposed and unexposed groups. Condition factor and gonadosomatic index were not different; however, a significant difference in hepatosomatic index was observed in fish exposed to sediment from an industrial site. A significant reduction in primary spermatocyte accumulation was observed in the exposed group compared with that in the control group, and some individuals exposed to sediments from industrial sites presented with testis-ova. Our results suggest that Uruguay River sediments act as an important source of estrogenic compounds that could be responsible for the alterations observed. Future studies are needed to identify the causal agents and determine exposure routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Rivas-Rivera
- Environmental Sciences and Ecology Institute, Sciences College, Universidad de la República, Uruguay Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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123
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Flick RW, Bencic DC, See MJ, Biales AD. Sensitivity of the vitellogenin assay to diagnose exposure of fathead minnows to 17α-ethynylestradiol. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:353-360. [PMID: 24813268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin is frequently used as a biomarker of exposure to environmental estrogens due to its specificity and sensitivity. Appropriate incorporation of this biomarker into environmental monitoring and assessment necessitates evaluation of its critical performance parameters. In this study, we characterize the sensitivity of both vitellogenin gene (vtg) mRNA transcripts in liver and protein (VTG) in plasma over a range of concentrations and exposure durations. Male fathead minnows were exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in a flow-through system for 2, 4 and 7 days at multiple EE2 concentrations in order to provide information regarding the sensitivity of each of these biomarkers to diagnose exposure to this representative estrogen. Measurements of the expression of the vitellogenin gene and protein both reliably detected exposures to EE2 at concentrations of 5ng/l and higher at all time points. Vtg mRNA and plasma VTG appear to have similar sensitivities, though the lower variability in VTG in control fish may make it more sensitive to small changes in expression compared to vtg. For lower concentrations, sensitivity may be improved by increasing exposure duration. A sample size of ∼12 fish was sufficient in many cases to produce a statistically significant increase in vitellogenin. Larger sample sizes may provide more sensitivity at low concentrations, but detecting exposure to estrogens in the lower range of environmentally relevant concentrations may need larger sample sizes. These data will assist in designing experiments that have sufficient statistical power necessary to determine if fish have been exposed to estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Flick
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecological Exposure Research Division, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - David C Bencic
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecological Exposure Research Division, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Mary J See
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecological Exposure Research Division, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Adam D Biales
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecological Exposure Research Division, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
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124
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Liang X, Martyniuk CJ, Cheng G, Zha J, Wang Z. Pyruvate carboxylase as a sensitive protein biomarker for exogenous steroid chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 189:184-193. [PMID: 24681510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Assessing protein responses to endocrine disrupting chemicals is critical for understanding the mechanisms of chemical action and for the assessment of hazards. In this study, the response of the liver proteome of male rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) and females treated with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) were analyzed. A total of 23 and 24 proteins were identified with differential expression in response to E2 and MT, respectively. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) was the only common differentially expressed protein in both males and females after E2- and MT-treatments. The mRNA as well as the protein levels of PC were significantly down-regulated compared with that of the controls (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that endocrine disruptors interfere with genes and proteins of the TCA cycle and PC may be a sensitive biomarker of exposure to exogenous steroid chemicals in the liver of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2L 4L5
| | - Gang Cheng
- Key Lab for Biotechnology of National Commission for Nationalities, College of Life Science, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
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125
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Monteiro MS, Pavlaki M, Faustino A, Rêma A, Franchi M, Gediel L, Loureiro S, Domingues I, Rendón von Osten J, Mortágua Velho Maia Soares A. Endocrine disruption effects of p,p′-DDE on juvenile zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:253-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Pavlaki
- Department of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Augusto Faustino
- Departament of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rêma
- Departament of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Mariana Franchi
- Department of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Letícia Gediel
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasília; Brasília Brazil
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Jaime Rendón von Osten
- Department of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
- Instituto EPOMEX; Universidad Autónoma de Campeche; 24030 Campeche Mexico
| | - Amadeu Mortágua Velho Maia Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal; Universidade Federal do Tocantins; Campus de Gurupi. Rua Badejós, Zona Rural, Cx. Postal 66, CEP: 77402-970 Gurupi-TO Brasil
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126
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Booc F, Thornton C, Lister A, MacLatchy D, Willett KL. Benzo[a]pyrene effects on reproductive endpoints in Fundulus heteroclitus. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:73-82. [PMID: 24747980 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that has been implicated in modulating aromatase enzyme function with the potential to interrupt normal reproductive function. The aim of this study was to use a fish model, Fundulus heteroclitus, to assess whether BaP exposure adversely impacts reproduction. Adult fish were exposed to waterborne BaP nominal concentrations of (0, 1, or 10 μg/l) for 28 days. Males and females were combined for the second half of the exposure (days 14-28) in order to quantitate egg production and fertilization success. Egg fertilization and subsequent hatching success of F1 embryos was significantly decreased by the high dose of BaP. In males, both gonad weight and plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly reduced compared to controls by 10 μg/l BaP. Histopathological examination of testes including spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid cyst areas, percentage of cysts per phase, and area of spermatozoa per seminiferous tubule were not significantly affected. Other biomarkers, including male liver weight, liver vitellogenin (vtg) mRNA expression and sperm concentrations, were also not affected. In females, estradiol concentrations were significantly reduced after BaP exposure, but egg production, gonad weight, liver weight, vtg expression and oocyte maturation were not altered. Steroid concentrations in Fundulus larvae from exposed parents at 1 and 3 weeks posthatch were not significantly changed. BaP exposure at these environmentally relevant concentrations caused negative alterations particularly in male fish to both biochemical and phenotypic biomarkers associated with reproduction and multigenerational embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Booc
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Cammi Thornton
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Andrea Lister
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Deborah MacLatchy
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Kristine L Willett
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
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127
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Feswick A, Ankley GT, Denslow N, Ellestad LE, Fuzzen M, Jensen KM, Kroll K, Lister A, MacLatchy DL, McMaster ME, Orlando EF, Servos MR, Tetreault GR, Van Den Heuvel MR, Munkittrick KR. An inter-laboratory study on the variability in measured concentrations of 17β-estradiol, testosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone in white sucker: implications and recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:847-857. [PMID: 24375479 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are exogenous substances that can impact the reproduction of fish, potentially by altering circulating concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). Common methods to measure steroids in plasma samples include radioimmunoassays (RIAs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs). The present study examines variability in E2, T, and 11-KT across 8 laboratories measuring reference and pulp mill effluent-exposed white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) plasma. We examine the contribution of assay type (RIA vs ELISA), standardized hormone extraction, location of values on the standard curve (upper and lower limits), and other variables on the ability to distinguish hormone levels between reference and exposed fish and the impact of these variables on quantitation of hormones in different laboratories. Of the 8 participating laboratories, 7 of 8 and 7 of 7 identified differences between sites for female E2 and female T, respectively, and 7 of 7 and 4 of 5 identified no differences between male T and male 11-KT. Notably, however, the ng/mL concentration of steroids measured across laboratories varied by factors of 10-, 6-, 14-, and 10-fold, respectively. Within laboratory intra-assay variability was generally acceptable and below 15%. Factors contributing to interlaboratory variability included calculation errors, assay type, and methodology. Based on the interlaboratory variability detected, we provide guidelines and recommendations to improve the accuracy and precision of steroid measurements in fish ecotoxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Feswick
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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128
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Naderi M, Wong MYL, Gholami F. Developmental exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to bisphenol-S impairs subsequent reproduction potential and hormonal balance in adults. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 148:195-203. [PMID: 24508763 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, there has been a growing concern about the production and use of bisphenol-A substitute, namely bisphenol-S (BPS). Due to its novel nature, there have been few studies addressing the ability of BPS to disrupt the endocrine system of animals. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to and reared in various concentrations of BPS (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/l) for 75 days. Then adult males and females were paired in spawning tanks for 7 days in clean water and the consequent effects on fish development, reproduction, plasma vitellogenin (VTG), sex steroids and thyroid hormone levels were investigated as endpoints. After 75 days of exposure, there was a skewed sex ratio in favor of females. The results also showed that body length and weight significantly decreased in males exposed to 100 μg/l of BPS. Gonadosomatic index was significantly reduced in fish at ≥ 10 μg/l. Hepatosomatic index exhibited a significant increase in both male and female fish. At ≥ 1 μg/l of BPS, plasma 17β-estradiol levels were significantly increased in both males and females. However, plasma testosterone showed a significant reduction in males exposed to 10 and 100 μg/l of BPS. A significant induction in plasma VTG level was observed in both males and females at ≥ 10 μg/l of BPS. Plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels were significantly decreased at 10 and 100 μg/l of BPS in males, and at 100 μg/l in females. Egg production and sperm count were also significantly decreased in groups received 10 and 100 μg/l of BPS. Moreover, once time to hatching and hatching rates were calculated for fertilized eggs the postponed and decreased rates of hatching were observed. Taken together, these results suggest that developmental exposure to low concentrations of BPS has adverse effects on different parts of the endocrine system in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
| | - Marian Y L Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Biology, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran
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129
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Martinović-Weigelt D, Mehinto AC, Ankley GT, Denslow ND, Barber LB, Lee KE, King RJ, Schoenfuss HL, Schroeder AL, Villeneuve DL. Transcriptomic effects-based monitoring for endocrine active chemicals: assessing relative contribution of treated wastewater to downstream pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2385-2394. [PMID: 24409827 DOI: 10.1021/es404027n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether a combination of targeted analytical chemistry information with unsupervised, data-rich biological methodology (i.e., transcriptomics) could be utilized to evaluate relative contributions of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to biological effects. The effects of WWTP effluents on fish exposed to ambient, receiving waters were studied at three locations with distinct WWTP and watershed characteristics. At each location, 4 d exposures of male fathead minnows to the WWTP effluent and upstream and downstream ambient waters were conducted. Transcriptomic analyses were performed on livers using 15,000 feature microarrays, followed by a canonical pathway and gene set enrichment analyses. Enrichment of gene sets indicative of teleost brain-pituitary-gonadal-hepatic (BPGH) axis function indicated that WWTPs serve as an important source of endocrine active chemicals (EACs) that affect the BPGH axis (e.g., cholesterol and steroid metabolism were altered). The results indicated that transcriptomics may even pinpoint pertinent adverse outcomes (i.e., liver vacuolization) and groups of chemicals that preselected chemical analytes may miss. Transcriptomic Effects-Based monitoring was capable of distinguishing sites, and it reflected chemical pollution gradients, thus holding promise for assessment of relative contributions of point sources to pollution and the efficacy of pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Martinović-Weigelt
- University of St. Thomas , Department of Biology, Mail OWS 390, 2115 Summit Ave., Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
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130
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Relevance Weighting of Tier 1 Endocrine Screening Endpoints by Rank Order. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:90-113. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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131
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Truter JC, va Wyk JH, Oberholster PJ, Botha AM. The impacts of neutralized acid mine drainage contaminated water on the expression of selected endocrine-linked genes in juvenile Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus exposed in vivo. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 100:209-217. [PMID: 24287009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a global environmental concern due to detrimental impacts on river ecosystems. Little is however known regarding the biological impacts of neutralized AMD on aquatic vertebrates despite excessive discharge into watercourses. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the endocrine modulatory potential of neutralized AMD, using molecular biomarkers in the teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus in exposure studies. Surface water was collected from six locations downstream of a high density sludge (HDS) AMD treatment plant and a reference site unimpacted by AMD. The concentrations of 28 elements, including 22 metals, were quantified in the exposure water in order to identify potential links to altered gene expression. Relatively high concentrations of manganese (~ 10mg/l), nickel (~ 0.1mg/l) and cobalt (~ 0.03 mg/l) were detected downstream of the HDS plant. The expression of thyroid receptor-α (trα), trβ, androgen receptor-1 (ar1), ar2, glucocorticoid receptor-1 (gr1), gr2, mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) and aromatase (cyp19a1b) was quantified in juvenile fish after 48 h exposure. Slight but significant changes were observed in the expression of gr1 and mr in fish exposed to water collected directly downstream of the HDS plant, consisting of approximately 95 percent neutralized AMD. The most pronounced alterations in gene expression (i.e. trα, trβ, gr1, gr2, ar1 and mr) was associated with water collected further downstream at a location with no other apparent contamination vectors apart from the neutralized AMD. The altered gene expression associated with the "downstream" locality coincided with higher concentrations of certain metals relative to the locality adjacent to the HDS plant which may indicate a causative link. The current study provides evidence of endocrine disruptive activity associated with neutralized AMD contamination in regard to alterations in the expression of key genes linked to the thyroid, interrenal and gonadal endocrine axes of a teleost fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Christoff Truter
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - Johannes Hendrik va Wyk
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Paul Johan Oberholster
- CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Anna-Maria Botha
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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132
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Holm G, Snape JR, Murray-Smith R, Talbot J, Taylor D, Sörme P. Implementing ecopharmacovigilance in practice: challenges and potential opportunities. Drug Saf 2014; 36:533-46. [PMID: 23620169 PMCID: PMC3691479 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-013-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) is a developing science and it is currently very unclear what it might mean in practice. We have performed a comparison between pharmacovigilance (PV) and EPV and have identified that there are similarities, but also some important differences that must be considered before any practical implementation of EPV. The biggest difference and greatest challenge concerns signal detection in the environment and the difficulty of identifying cause and effect. We reflect on the dramatic vulture decline in Asia, which was caused by the veterinary use of diclofenac, versus the relative difficulty in identifying the specific causes of intersex fish in European rivers. We explore what EPV might mean in practice and have identified that there are some practical measures that can be taken to assess environmental risks across product life cycle, particularly after launch of a new drug, to ensure that our risk assessments and scientific understanding of pharmaceuticals in the environment remain scientifically and ecologically relevant. These include:Tracking environmental risks after launch of the product, via literature monitoring for emerging data on exposure and effects Using Environmental Risk Management Plans (ERMPs) as a centralized resource to assess and manage the risks of a drug throughout its life cycle Further research, testing or monitoring in the environment when a risk is identified Keeping a global EPV perspective Increasing transparency and availability of environmental data for medicinal products. These measures will help to ensure that any significant environmental issues associated with pharmaceuticals in the environment (PIE) are identified in a timely way, and can be managed appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Holm
- AstraZeneca, Safety Health and Environment, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden.
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133
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Jin X, Wang Y, Jin W, Rao K, Giesy JP, Hollert H, Richardson KL, Wang Z. Ecological risk of nonylphenol in China surface waters based on reproductive fitness. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1256-1262. [PMID: 24341862 DOI: 10.1021/es403781z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been recognized that ecological risk assessment based on traditional endpoints of toxicity are unable to provide adequate protection because some chemicals may affect reproductive fitness of aquatic organisms at much lower concentrations. In this paper, predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for 4-nonylphenol (NP) were derived based either on endpoints of survival, development, and growth or on some nonlethal biomarkers of reproduction, biochemical and molecular biology data. The PNECs derived from reproductive lesion ranged from 0.12 to 0.60 μg NP L(-1), which was significantly lower than those derived from other endpoints. An assessment of ecological risks posed by NP to aquatic organisms in surface waters of China was conducted based on concentration levels of NP in 16 surface waters of 4 major river basins and PNECs derived from reproductive fitness by a tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA). The results showed that 14.2% and 76.5% of surface waters in China may have ecological risks resulting from reproductive fitness if the thresholds of protection for aquatic organisms were set up as 5% (HC5) and 1% (HC1), respectively. The risks were significantly greatest in the Yangtze River Basin than in other major river basins. In comparison with the risks assessed based on traditional endpoints, such as lethality, for those chemicals causing adverse effects on reproduction due to modulation of endocrine function, to be protective of ecosystem structure and function, lesser PNECs, based on sublethal effects of reproduction, were appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jin
- Department of Analytical Technique, China National Environmental Monitoring Center , Beijing 100012, China
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134
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Jin X, Wang Y, Giesy JP, Richardson KL, Wang Z. Development of aquatic life criteria in China: viewpoint on the challenge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:61-66. [PMID: 23546856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
While more developed countries have a well-established systems to develop water quality criteria (WQC), little research has been done on the adequacy of the current WQC to protect endemic species of China. In order to maintain the health of aquatic ecosystems in China, a series of projects to establish national WQC based on regional characteristics has recently been initiated. However, the establishment of a completely novel methodology would be costly and time consuming. Also, due to the similarities in physiologies and natural histories of classes of aquatic organisms, there is no reason to believe that WQC would not be sufficient to protect unique species in China. This review was undertaken to identify key outstanding issues regarding establishment of aquatic life criteria (ALC) to be applied in China, including prioritization of chemicals, test species, mode of action, field/semi-field data, and methods of aggregating the information and calculating the ALC. This was used to identify the principle issues that need to be addressed in order to better understand the methods for development of criteria for the protection of aquatic life and provide a reference to China and other developing countries committed to the establishment of their own WQC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jin
- Department of Analytical Technique, China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China
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135
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Hebert OL, Lavin LE, Marks JM, Dzieweczynski TL. The effects of 17α-ethinyloestradiol on boldness and its relationship to decision making in male Siamese fighting fish. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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136
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Zhang Y, Yuan C, Hu G, Li M, Zheng Y, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Z. Characterization of four nr5a genes and gene expression profiling for testicular steroidogenesis-related genes and their regulatory factors in response to bisphenol A in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 194:31-44. [PMID: 24012916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) widely used in the manufacture of numerous products is ubiquitous in aquatic environment. To explore the mechanisms of BPA-mediated actions, male rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus were exposed to BPA at concentrations of 5, 15, and 50 μg/L for 14 and 35 days in the present study. Four subtypes of nr5a gene encoding important transcription factors for steroidogenesis were characterized, and tissue distribution analysis demonstrated distinct expression profiling of the four genes in G. rarus. BPA at environmentally relevant concentration (5 μg/L) caused increase of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of male fish. In response to BPA, no obvious changes on the testis development were observed. Modulation of vtg mRNA expression by BPA suggests estrogenic and/or anti-estrogenic effects of BPA were dependent on exposed duration (14 or 35 days). Gene expression profiling for testicular steroidogenesis-related genes, sexual steroid receptors, gonadotropin receptors, and transcription factors indicates differential regulation was dependent on exposure duration and dose of BPA. The correlation analysis at mRNA level demonstrates that the BPA-mediated actions on testicular steroidogenesis might involve sex steroid hormone receptor signaling, gonadotropin/gonadotropin receptor pathway, and transcription factors such as nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A (Nr5a), fork head box protein L2 (Foxl2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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137
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Wang R, Liu J, Yang X, Lin C, Huang B, Jin W, Pan X. Biological response of high-back crucian carp (Carassius auratus) during different life stages to wastewater treatment plant effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8612-8620. [PMID: 23695857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs) on fish health. A study of chronic exposure to WwTPs effluent for 10 months was undertaken in high-back crucian carp (Carassius auratus) during different life stages, covering early-life-stage (ELS), prespawning period, and postspawning period. Condition factor (CF), gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) levels were employed as indicators to assess biological effects of effluent on this gynogenesis species. Meanwhile, some high-back crucian carp were caged in Demonstration Base of Biological Purification for Filter-feeding Fish (hereinafter, Demonstration Base), as WwTPs effluent exposure controls. In the meantime, a depuration study was carried out to determine whether or not the estrogenic effects caused by effluent exposure could be reduced after moving fish into EDCs-free water. CF, HSI, GSI, and plasma Vtg levels of high-back crucian carp caged in Demonstration Base were generally in accordance with seasonal change. Effluent exposure inhibited gonadal growth, reducing GSI in ELS while increasing it around spawning, sharpened liver burdens, increasing HSI, and induced abnormal Vtg expression in juvenile high-back crucian carp, augmenting Vtg concentrations in plasma. Around spawning period, Vtg in high-back crucian carp were mainly induced by endogenous estrogens, and EDCs in effluent had less influence on them. Staying in EDCs-free water for 30 days made high-back crucian carp recover from effects of previous effluent exposure, relieving inhibition of gonadal development and hypertrophy of liver as well as reducing Vtg induced by EDCs in effluent. The results revealed that high-back crucian carp in ELS are more sensitive to WwTPs effluent exposure. Additionally, the depuration study showed a clearance of the estrogenic effects caused by effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renmin Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
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138
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Molecular analysis of endocrine disruption in hornyhead turbot at wastewater outfalls in southern california using a second generation multi-species microarray. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75553. [PMID: 24086568 PMCID: PMC3783431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentinel fish hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthysverticalis) captured near wastewater outfalls are used for monitoring exposure to industrial and agricultural chemicals of ~ 20 million people living in coastal Southern California. Although analyses of hormones in blood and organ morphology and histology are useful for assessing contaminant exposure, there is a need for quantitative and sensitive molecular measurements, since contaminants of emerging concern are known to produce subtle effects. We developed a second generation multi-species microarray with expanded content and sensitivity to investigate endocrine disruption in turbot captured near wastewater outfalls in San Diego, Orange County and Los Angeles California. Analysis of expression of genes involved in hormone [e.g., estrogen, androgen, thyroid] responses and xenobiotic metabolism in turbot livers was correlated with a series of phenotypic end points. Molecular analyses of turbot livers uncovered altered expression of vitellogenin and zona pellucida protein, indicating exposure to one or more estrogenic chemicals, as well as, alterations in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A, CYP3A and glutathione S-transferase-α indicating induction of the detoxification response. Molecular responses indicative of exposure to endocrine disruptors were observed in field-caught hornyhead turbot captured in Southern California demonstrating the utility of molecular methods for monitoring environmental chemicals in wastewater outfalls. Moreover, this approach can be adapted to monitor other sites for contaminants of emerging concern in other fish species for which there are few available gene sequences.
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139
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Vidal-Dorsch DE, Bay SM, Ribecco C, Sprague LJ, Angert M, Ludka C, Ricciardelli E, Carnevali O, Greenstein DJ, Schlenk D, Kelley KM, Reyes JA, Snyder S, Vanderford B, Wiborg LC, Petschauer D, Sasik R, Baker M, Hardiman G. Genomic and phenotypic response of hornyhead turbot exposed to municipal wastewater effluents. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 140-141:174-184. [PMID: 23796538 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory tests with marine flatfish were conducted to investigate associations among gene expression, higher biological responses and wastewater effluent exposure. In the present study, male hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) were exposed to environmentally realistic (0.5%) and higher (5%) concentrations of chemically enhanced advanced-primary (PL) and full-secondary treated (HTP) effluents from two southern California wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Hepatic gene expression was examined using a custom low-density microarray. Alterations in gene expression (vs. controls) were observed in fish exposed to both effluent types. Fish exposed to 0.5% PL effluent showed changes in genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, steroids, and lipids, among other processes. Fish exposed to 5% PL effluent showed expression changes in genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, xenobiotic metabolism, and steroid synthesis, among others. Exposure to 5% HTP effluent changed the expression of genes involved in lipid, glutathione and xenobiotic metabolism, as well as immune responses. Although no concentration-dependent patterns of response to effluent exposure were found, significant Spearman correlations were observed between the expression of 22 genes and molecular and/or higher biological responses. These results indicate that microarray gene expression data correspond to higher biological responses and should be incorporated in studies assessing fish health after exposure to complex environmental mixtures.
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140
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Wheeler JR, Panter GH, Weltje L, Thorpe KL. Test concentration setting for fish in vivo endocrine screening assays. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:1067-1076. [PMID: 23481302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fish in vivo screening methods to detect endocrine active substances, specifically interacting with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, have been developed by both the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA). In application of these methods, i.e. regulatory testing, this paper provides a proposal on the setting of test concentrations using all available acute and chronic data and also discusses the importance of avoiding the confounding effects of systemic toxicity on endocrine endpoints. This guidance is aimed at reducing the number of false positives and subsequently the number of inappropriate definitive vertebrate studies potentially triggered by effects consequent to systemic, rather than endocrine, toxicity. At the same time it provides a pragmatic approach that maximizes the probability of detecting an effect, if it exists, thus limiting the potential for false negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Wheeler
- Syngenta Environmental Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom.
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141
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Koenig S, Porte C, Solé M, Sturve J. Biliary PAH and alkylphenol metabolites, biomarker enzyme activities, and gene expression levels in the deep-sea fish Alepocephalus rostratus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:2854-2861. [PMID: 23398398 DOI: 10.1021/es304345s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and alkylphenol (AP) metabolites, hepatic gene expression, and corresponding enzyme activities were determined in the deep-sea fish Alepocephalus rostratus from two sites within the Mediterranean. Biliary metabolites included the hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, 9-fluorenol, 9-phenanthrol, and 1-pyrenol and the APs 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP). Five biomarker genes, namely, cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), vitellogenin (Vtg), catalase (CAT), Cu/Zn-superoxide-dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR), were quantified using qRT-PCR. Moreover, corresponding enzyme activities (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), CAT, SOD, and GR) were also determined. The ΣOH-PAHs detected ranged from 21.1 to 300.3 ng/g bile and were mainly composed of 1-naphthol. Both NP and OP metabolites were detected in all samples with concentrations ranging from 17.4 to 107.2 ng/g bile and 4.9 to 17.3 ng/g bile, respectively, and levels were significantly higher in samples from the western Mediterranean (WM) compared to those from the Catalan slope (CS). Accordingly, gene expression was significantly induced in male fish from the WM; however, these results were not reflected in enzyme activity levels. In particular, males caught at 2000 m in the WM exhibited 35-times higher Vtg levels compared to those from the CS, suggesting that endocrine-disrupting effects may potentially be occurring in such remote environments as the deep-sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Koenig
- Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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142
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Breen M, Villeneuve DL, Ankley GT, Bencic DC, Breen MS, Watanabe KH, Lloyd AL, Conolly RB. Developing Predictive Approaches to Characterize Adaptive Responses of the Reproductive Endocrine Axis to Aromatase Inhibition: II. Computational Modeling. Toxicol Sci 2013; 133:234-47. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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143
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Forsgren KL, Bay SM, Vidal-Dorsch DE, Deng X, Lu G, Armstrong J, Gully JR, Schlenk D. Annual and seasonal evaluation of reproductive status in hornyhead turbot at municipal wastewater outfalls in the Southern California Bight. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2701-2710. [PMID: 22987602 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Treated wastewater effluent containing endocrine-disrupting chemicals is discharged into the coastal waters of the Southern California Bight (SCB) daily. The present study investigated changes in indicators of reproductive health and environmental estrogen exposure in hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) near wastewater outfalls. Fish were collected from discharge areas, farfield stations, and a reference location in the SCB to examine spatial and temporal patterns. Fish from the Orange County outfall farfield site were younger and less sexually mature than fish from other sites. The sex ratio was skewed in some fish from outfall sites as well as from the Dana Point reference site. However, no consistent pattern in sex ratio was present over time. Low-level induction of vitellogenin was frequently observed in male fish from all sites, suggesting widespread exposure to estrogenic compounds, but did not appear to impact reproductive function as there was no incidence of gonad abnormalities (ova-testis). Analysis of historical hornyhead turbot trawl data indicated that populations are either increasing or stable in the SCB; thus, environmental estrogen exposure was not adversely impacting fish abundance. Additional research is needed to determine the cause of the estrogenic response in hornyhead turbot and whether the source of the estrogenic compounds is a consequence of historical contamination or of ongoing sources or representative of baseline characteristic of this species.
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144
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Mihaich E, Rhodes J, Wolf J, van der Hoeven N, Dietrich D, Hall AT, Caspers N, Ortego L, Staples C, Dimond S, Hentges S. Adult fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, partial life-cycle reproductive and gonadal histopathology study with bisphenol A. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2525-2535. [PMID: 22865792 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an intermediate used to produce epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Although BPA degrades rapidly in the environment with aquatic half-lives from 0.5 to 6 d, it can be found in aquatic systems because of widespread use. To evaluate potential effects from chronic exposure, fathead minnows were exposed for 164 d to nominal concentrations of 1, 16, 64, 160, and 640 µg/L BPA. Population-level endpoints of survival, growth, and reproduction were assessed with supplemental endpoints (e.g., vitellogenin, gonad histology), including gonad cell type assessment and quantification. No statistically significant changes in growth, gonad weight, gonadosomatic index, or reproduction variables (e.g., number of eggs and spawns, hatchability) were observed; however, there was a significant impact on male survival at 640 µg/L. Vitellogenin increased in both sexes at 64 µg/L or higher. Gonad cell type frequencies were significantly different from controls at 160 µg/L or higher in males with a slight decrease in spermatocytes compared with less mature cell types, and at 640 µg/L in females with a slight decrease in early vitellogenic cells compared with less mature cells. The decrease in spermatocytes did not correspond to a decrease in the most mature sex cell type (spermatozoa) and did not impair male fertility, as hatchability was not impacted. Overall, marginal shifts in gametogenic cell maturation were not associated with any statistically significant effects on population-relevant reproductive endpoints (growth, fecundity, and hatchability) at any concentration tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Mihaich
- ER(2) for SABIC Innovative Plastics, Durham, NC, USA.
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145
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Yan Z, Lu G, Liu J, Jin S. An integrated assessment of estrogenic contamination and feminization risk in fish in Taihu Lake, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:334-340. [PMID: 22906715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An integrated approach, combining biological and chemical methods, was used to assess potential exposure to exogenous estrogens and their possible interference with the endocrine system of male goldfish (Carassius auratus) in Taihu Lake. A suite of biomarkers in caged fish after in situ exposure for 28 days, coupled with six selected exogenous estrogens in water, were determined at eight biomonitoring stations. The compounds estrone, 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol-A and diethylstilbestrol were detected in most of the samples and the concentrations of total estradiol equivalent (EEQ) ranged between 5.69 and 17.8 ng/L. E2 and EE2 were thought to be the major causal agents responsible for the estrogenic activities. Elevated serum vitellogenin and E2, gonadal DNA damage and reduced gonadosomatic index were observed in fish collected from most stations. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index showed good agreement with the observed total EEQ levels in water, and feminization risk in fish may be present in northern Taihu Lake, especially in Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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146
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Burki R, Krasnov A, Bettge K, Rexroad CE, Afanasyev S, Antikainen M, Burkhardt-Holm P, Wahli T, Segner H. Pathogenic infection confounds induction of the estrogenic biomarker vitellogenin in rainbow trout. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2318-2323. [PMID: 22847860 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To examine the behavior of the estrogenic biomarker vitellogenin (VTG) under the combined impact of estrogens and pathogens, parasite-infected or noninfected rainbow trout were exposed to two doses of 17β-estradiol (E2). Infected and E2-exposed fish showed significantly lower hepatic VTG mRNA levels than healthy fish. Transcriptome data suggest that this was due to energetic constraints. Reduced responsiveness of the VTG biomarker in parasitized fish might obscure detection of low-level field exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Burki
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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147
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Bars R, Fegert I, Gross M, Lewis D, Weltje L, Weyers A, Wheeler JR, Galay-Burgos M. Risk assessment of endocrine active chemicals: Identifying chemicals of regulatory concern. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 64:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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148
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Bartell SE, Schoenfuss HL. Affinity and matrix effects in measuring fish plasma vitellogenin using immunosorbent assays: considerations for aquatic toxicologists. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2012; 2012:942804. [PMID: 23762638 PMCID: PMC3671736 DOI: 10.5402/2012/942804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are important tools in aquatic toxicology and have become crucial in assessing exposure concentrations in the aquatic environment and acute physiological responses in exposed organisms. These assays utilize the inherent properties of antibodies to recognize and selectively bind a target molecule, while largely ignoring other molecules to provide semiquantitative values. A variety of methodologies to measure plasma vitellogenin using ELISAs have generated widely divergent data. Limitations of the ELISA method are known in the wider immunology field, though aquatic toxicologists may be less familiar with these limitations. We evaluated several mechanisms contributing to the divergent vitellogenin data in the literature. Antibody affinities and the matrix in which standard curves are constructed are possible error generators. These errors can be amplified by large sample dilutions necessary to fall within the standard curve. It is important for the aquatic toxicology research community to realize the limitations and understand the pitfalls of absolute plasma vitellogenin data in their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Bartell
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, WSB-273, 270 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, USA ; Department of Biology, Normandale Community College, Bloomington, MN 55431, USA
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149
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Qin F, Liu S, Wu T, Li M, Xu P, Zhang X, Wang X, Hu G, Yuan C, Wang Z. Molecular characterization of estrogen receptor genes in loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus and their expression upon 17α-ethinylestradiol exposure in juveniles. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 178:194-205. [PMID: 22705038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The full-length cDNAs for estrogen receptor 1 (esr1), esr2a and esr2b were isolated and characterized from the loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus, Cobitidae, cypriniformes). P. dabryanus Esr1, Esr2a and Esr2b share high amino acids identities with their counterparts of cyprinid species. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the tissue distribution of esr mRNAs in one-year-old P. dabryanus. The mRNA expression of esr1 in female liver was extremely higher than that in other tissues. esr2a mRNA expression in female intestine and in male muscle was higher than that in other tissues. esr2b mRNA expression was the highest in both male and female intestine. Two-month-old P. dabryanus were exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) for 3weeks and the changes of esr mRNA expression in brain, gonad and liver were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Results showed that EE2 at 1, 5 and 25 ng/L significantly suppressed testicular esr1 mRNA expression in male. The ovarian esr2a mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated at 1 ng/L EE2. In female brain, esr1 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated at 5 ng/L EE2. Both in males and females, EE2 exposure increased the hepatic esr1 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. The present study suggests that different esrs in different tissues have differential responsiveness to EE2 and the hepatic esr1 is a sensitive biomarker to EE2 at environmental concentrations in P. dabryanus juveniles. So, the loach P. dabryanus, a typical demersal fish, is a promising ecological model organism to detect estrogenic chemicals in the sediment of aquatic environment by using molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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150
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Madureira TV, Rocha MJ, Cruzeiro C, Rodrigues I, Monteiro RAF, Rocha E. The toxicity potential of pharmaceuticals found in the Douro River estuary (Portugal): evaluation of impacts on fish liver, by histopathology, stereology, vitellogenin and CYP1A immunohistochemistry, after sub-acute exposures of the zebrafish model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:34-45. [PMID: 22445869 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative approaches were tested to assess zebrafish liver effects after sub-acute exposures of certain pharmaceuticals. Carbamazepine, fenofibric acid, propranolol, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were tested individually and in mixtures, including low environmental levels. Overall, data showed sex specific reactions in liver, with the major alterations being observed in males. Males treated with propranolol, fenofibric acid and with mixtures, showed an increase of vitellogenin immunostaining, compared with the control. Males also evidenced a tendency for an increased hepatic mass, after individual and mixture exposures. The volume-weighted nuclear volume of hepatocytes was high in males after exposures to either mixture, which together with the greater cytoplasmic eosinophilia and changes in cytochrome P450 1A immunoreactivity, point to an increase in metabolic/detoxification activity. These investigations revealed distinct impacts depending on the exposure type, and strengthened the importance of studying non-steroidal compounds in mixtures, including environmental levels and both sexes.
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