101
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Zhou GQ, Han F, Shi ZL, Yu L, Li XF, Yu C, Shen CL, Wan DW, Zhu XG, Li R, He SB. miR-133a-3p Targets SUMO-Specific Protease 1 to Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progress in Colorectal Cancer. Oncol Res 2017; 26:795-800. [PMID: 28748780 PMCID: PMC7844762 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15004613574679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) expression has been reported in several kinds of cancer, including human colorectal and prostate cancers, proposing SENP1 as an oncogene with a critical role in cancer progression. miR-133a-3p has been reported as a tumor suppressor in several malignant neoplasias. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its role in colorectal cancer remain largely unknown. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between miR-133a-3p and SENP1 in colorectal cancer cells. We found that miR-133a-3p expression was downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues. In silico analyses indicated that SENP1 is one of the target genes of miR-133a-3p. Overexpression of miR-133a-3p mimics was able to inhibit cell growth with G1 arrest of colorectal cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-133a-3p antisense promoted cell growth of colorectal cancer cells. The luciferase reporter experiments showed that miR-133a-3p regulated the expression of SENP1 by combining with its 3′-UTR and resulted in downregulation of SENP1 and upregulation of CDK inhibitors such as p16, p19, p21, and p27. These results suggest that the miR-133a-3p–SENP1 axis might play a role in cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fu Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Long Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Wei Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Guo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Song-Bing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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102
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Tay JW, James I, Hughes QW, Tiao JY, Baker RI. Identification of reference miRNAs in plasma useful for the study of oestrogen-responsive miRNAs associated with acquired Protein S deficiency in pregnancy. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:312. [PMID: 28743297 PMCID: PMC5526281 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicate that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are useful independent non-invasive biomarkers, with unique miRNA signatures defined for various pathophysiological conditions. However, there are no established universal housekeeping miRNAs for the normalisation of miRNAs in body fluids. We have previously identified an oestrogen-responsive miRNA, miR-494, in regulating the anticoagulant, Protein S, in HuH-7 liver cells. Moreover, increased thrombotic risk associated with elevated circulating oestrogen levels is frequently observed in pregnant women and oral contraceptive users. In order to identify other oestrogen-responsive miRNAs, including miR-494, that may be indicative of increased thrombotic risk in plasma, we used nanoString analysis to identify robust and stable endogenous reference miRNAs for the study of oestrogen-responsive miRNAs in plasma. Results We compared the plasma miRNA expression profile of individuals with: (1) Low circulating oestrogens (healthy men and non-pregnant women not taking oral contraceptives), (2) High circulating synthetic oestrogens, (women taking oral contraceptives) and (3) High circulating natural oestrogens (pregnant females >14 weeks gestation). From the nanoString analyses, 11 candidate reference miRNAs which exhibited high counts and not significantly differentially expressed between groups were selected for validation using realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and digital droplet PCR (DDPCR) in pooled plasma samples, and the stability of their expression evaluated using NormFinder and BestKeeper algorithms. Four miRNAs (miR-25-5p, miR-188-5p, miR-222-3p and miR-520f) demonstrated detectable stable expression between groups and were further analysed by RT-qPCR in individual plasma samples, where miR-188-5p and miR-222-3p expression were identified as a stable pair of reference genes. The miRNA reference panel consisting of synthetic spike-ins cel-miR-39 and ath-miR159a, and reference miRNAs, miR-188-5p and miR-222-3p was useful in evaluating fold-change of the pregnancy-associated miRNA, miR-141-3p, between groups. Conclusion The miRNA reference panel will be useful for normalising qPCR data comparing miRNA expression between men and women, non-pregnant and pregnant females, and the potential effects of endogenous and synthetic oestrogens on plasma miRNA expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2636-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Tay
- Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia. .,Perth Blood Institute, Nedlands, Australia.
| | - I James
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Q W Hughes
- Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,Perth Blood Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - J Y Tiao
- Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,Perth Blood Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - R I Baker
- Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,Perth Blood Institute, Nedlands, Australia
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103
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Non-coding RNAs Enabling Prognostic Stratification and Prediction of Therapeutic Response in Colorectal Cancer Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 937:183-204. [PMID: 27573901 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease and current treatment options for patients are associated with a wide range of outcomes and tumor responses. Although the traditional TNM staging system continues to serve as a crucial tool for estimating CRC prognosis and for stratification of treatment choices and long-term survival, it remains limited as it relies on macroscopic features and cases of surgical resection, fails to incorporate new molecular data and information, and cannot perfectly predict the variety of outcomes and responses to treatment associated with tumors of the same stage. Although additional histopathologic features have recently been applied in order to better classify individual tumors, the future might incorporate the use of novel molecular and genetic markers in order to maximize therapeutic outcome and to provide accurate prognosis. Such novel biomarkers, in addition to individual patient tumor phenotyping and other validated genetic markers, could facilitate the prediction of risk of progression in CRC patients and help assess overall survival. Recent findings point to the emerging role of non-protein-coding regions of the genome in their contribution to the progression of cancer and tumor formation. Two major subclasses of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are often dysregulated in CRC and have demonstrated their diagnostic and prognostic potential as biomarkers. These ncRNAs are promising molecular classifiers and could assist in the stratification of patients into appropriate risk groups to guide therapeutic decisions and their expression patterns could help determine prognosis and predict therapeutic options in CRC.
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104
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Wang D, Liu J, Huo T, Tian Y, Zhao L. The role of microRNAs in colorectal liver metastasis: Important participants and potential clinical significances. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28651498 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317709640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and liver metastasis is the leading direct cause of cancer-related deaths in colorectal cancer. MicroRNA is involved in tumor metastasis in many aspects; mounting studies have shown that microRNAs play important roles in colorectal liver metastasis. Although lots of reviews about the association between microRNAs and colorectal cancer metastasis have been published, the reviews specifically focusing on microRNAs and colorectal liver metastasis are still lacking in the literature. To address this issue, here, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of microRNAs in colorectal liver metastasis and explore their potential clinical applications in this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- 1 School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,2 Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,3 Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- 1 School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,2 Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,3 Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Huo
- 3 Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,4 The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaowen Tian
- 1 School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,2 Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,3 Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- 1 School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,2 Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,3 Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,4 The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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105
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Danese E, Montagnana M. Epigenetics of colorectal cancer: emerging circulating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:279. [PMID: 28758105 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.04.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in western countries. Despite the high incidence, treatment options for advanced CRC remain limited and unsuccessful, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, novel accurate diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are clearly and urgently needed to detect advanced colon polyps and early stage CRC and to identify the most effective treatments for specific CRC patients. CRC is known to develop from early premalignant lesions to full blown cancer via a multi-step process involving a series of genetic mutations that accumulate over time. Recent improvement of our understanding of CRC biology and advances in genomic technologies has led to the identification of a variety of epigenetic alterations strongly involved in cancer initiation and progression. Among the epigenetic marks implicated in CRC the most widely studied are the global DNA hypomethylation, the promoter hypermethylation and the miRNAs dysregulations. Many evidence exist that such tumour associated alterations may serve as new potential biomarkers. Moreover, due the non-invasive, objective, and potential reproducible assessment, circulating epigenetic biomarkers have reached increasing attentions in the last few years. In this review, we attempt to analyze the existing most recent literature on the role of circulating DNA methylations and miRNAs alterations in CRC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Danese
- Clinical Biochemistry Section, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Montagnana
- Clinical Biochemistry Section, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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106
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Koutsaki M, Libra M, Spandidos DA, Zaravinos A. The miR-200 family in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66629-66640. [PMID: 29029543 PMCID: PMC5630443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Its insidious nature, manifesting with little to no symptoms until the disease progresses to metastasis, along with a wide diversity of histological subtypes and corresponding clinical behavior, poses significant therapeutic challenges. The genetic profiling of this aggressive tumor and its subtypes has led to the identification of various molecular markers of prognosis. Among these, the miR-200 family of miRNAs appears to play an important role. The deregulated expression of the miR-200 family members has been detected in a variety of OC studies. The present review examines the potential usefulness of the miR-200 family members as prognostic indicators in ovarian cancer and their impact across different OC publications, with a particular focus on prognostic features, such as disease stage, tumor histology, survival and response to chemotherapy. We present the potential usefulness of the miR-200 family genes as prognostic indicators in OC and highlight the tendency that miR-200 overexpression corresponds with an advanced cancer stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koutsaki
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
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107
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Abstract
The accuracy and efficiency of tumor treatment depends mainly on early and precise diagnosis. Although histopathology is always the gold standard for cancer diagnosis, noninvasive biomarkers represent an opportunity for early detection and molecular staging of cancer. Besides the classical tumor markers, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) emerge to be a novel category of biomarker for cancer diagnosis since the dysregulation of ncRNAs is closely associated with the development and progression of human cancers such as liver, lung, breast, gastric, and other kinds of cancers. In this chapter, we will summarize the different types of ncRNAs in the diagnosis of major human cancers. In addition, we will introduce the recent advances in the detection and applications of circulating serum or plasma ncRNAs and non-blood fluid ncRNAs because the noninvasive body fluid-based assays are easy to examine for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
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108
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Ma F, Liu M, Tang B, Zhang CY. Sensitive Quantification of MicroRNAs by Isothermal Helicase-Dependent Amplification. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6182-6187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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109
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He Y, Wang G, Zhang L, Zhai C, Zhang J, Zhao X, Jiang X, Zhao Z. Biological effects and clinical characteristics of microRNA-106a in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:830-836. [PMID: 28693239 PMCID: PMC5494767 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs serve important roles in various diseases, particularly cancer. microRNA-106a (miR-106a) exhibits abnormal expression and oncogenic activity in carcinogenesis. The clinical significance of the abnormal expression of miR-106a in colorectal cancer is poorly understood. In the present study, miR-106a expression from colorectal cancer tissues was quantified using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The overexpression or knockdown of miR-106a was performed by transfection with microRNA mimic or inhibitor in human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells. The overexpression of miR-106a promoted viability and inhibited apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The association between miR-106a expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed, and it was identified that miR-106a exhibited significantly increased expression in adenocarcinoma tissues compared with in mucinous carcinoma tissues, and the expression of miR-106a was identified to be associated with the depth of invasion and differentiation. The expression of miR-106a in plasma was also determined and it was identified that increased expression of miR-106a, as a characteristic of patients with colorectal cancer, may be distinguished from that of other patients by digitization of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves. These data suggested that miR-106a is a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-106a-promoted viability and inhibition of apoptosis requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Congjie Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
| | - Zengren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, P.R. China
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110
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Moridikia A, Mirzaei H, Sahebkar A, Salimian J. MicroRNAs: Potential candidates for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:901-913. [PMID: 28092102 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known as the third common cancer worldwide and an important public health problem in different populations. Several genetics and environmental risk factors are involved in the development and progression of CRC including chromosomal abnormalities, epigenetic alterations, and unhealthy lifestyle. Identification of risk factors and biomarkers could lead to a better understanding of molecular pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulatory molecules which could affect a variety of cellular and molecular targets in CRC. A large number of studies have indicated deregulations of some known tissue-specific miRNAs, for example, miR-21, miR-9, miR-155, miR-17, miR-19, let-7, and miR-24 as well as circulating miRNAs, for example, miR-181b, miR-21, miR-183, let-7g, miR-17, and miR-126, in patients with CRC. In the current review, we focus on the findings of preclinical and clinical studies performed on tissue-specific and circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the detection of patients at various stages of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Moridikia
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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111
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Hur K, Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Ide S, Imaoka H, Boland CR, Goel A. Circulating microRNA-203 predicts prognosis and metastasis in human colorectal cancer. Gut 2017; 66:654-665. [PMID: 26701878 PMCID: PMC4919275 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Distant metastasis is a major cause of deaths in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), which is partly due to lack of robust metastasis-predictive biomarkers. In spite of the important function of microRNA (miR)-203 in cancer metastasis, its clinical significance in CRC metastasis remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the potential role of serum miR-203 as a non-invasive biomarker for CRC metastasis. METHODS MiR-203 expression was quantified by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR in 58 pairs of primary CRC (pCRC) and corresponding matched liver metastasis (LM), as well as 186 serum and 154 matched tissue specimens from patients with CRC in cohort 1. Next, we performed validation of miR-203 levels in serum from 144 patients with CRC in an independent cohort (cohort 2). Mouse models of CRC-associated metastases were established to identify the source of circulating miR-203. Expression patterns of miR-203 in tissues were determined by in situ hybridisation. RESULTS MiR-203 expression was significantly upregulated in LM compared with matched pCRC tissues. Serum miR-203 levels were significantly upregulated in a stage-dependent manner, and high miR-203 expression was associated with poor survival in patients with CRC in both patient cohorts. Increased miR-203 levels in serum indicated high risk for poor prognosis (HR=2.1), as well as metastasis to lymph nodes (OR=2.5), liver (OR=6.2), peritoneum (OR=7.2) and distant organs (OR=4.4). Serum miR-203 levels were significantly higher in animals with liver or systemic metastasis compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS High levels of serum miR-203 associate with poor survival and metastasis, suggesting it to be a promising non-invasive prognostic and metastasis-predictive biomarker in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Hur
- Center for Gastrointestinal Cancer Research; Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Center for Gastrointestinal Cancer Research; Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Center for Gastrointestinal Cancer Research; Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shozo Ide
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroki Imaoka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - C. Richard Boland
- Center for Gastrointestinal Cancer Research; Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Cancer Research; Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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112
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Noncoding RNAs in the development, diagnosis, and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Transl Res 2017; 181:108-120. [PMID: 27810413 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
More than 90% of the human genome is actively transcribed, but less than 2% of the total genome encodes protein-coding RNA, and thus, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is a major component of the human transcriptome. Recently, ncRNA was demonstrated to play important roles in multiple biological processes by directly or indirectly interfering with gene expression, and the dysregulation of ncRNA is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarize the function and mechanism of miRNA, long intergenic ncRNA, and some other types of ncRNAs, such as small nucleolar RNA, circular ncRNA, pseudogene RNA, and even protein-coding mRNA, in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We also presented their clinical application in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. The summary of the current state of ncRNA in CRC will contribute to our understanding of the complex processes of CRC initiation and development and will help in the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC diagnosis and treatment.
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113
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Prognostic Role of the MicroRNA-200 Family in Various Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1928021. [PMID: 28321402 PMCID: PMC5340960 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1928021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims. The miRNA-200 (miR-200) family may act as key inhibitors of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, the potential prognostic value of miR-200s in various human malignancies remains controversial. This meta-analysis analyzed the associations between miR-200 levels and survival outcomes in a variety of tumors. Methods. Eligible published studies were identified by searching the Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, and Google scholar databases. Patient clinical data were pooled, and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to calculate the strength of this association. Results. The pooled HRs suggested that high tissue expression of miR-200 family members was associated with better survival (overall survival [OS]: HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.91; progression-free survival [PFS]: HR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.52–0.76) in thirty-four eligible articles. In contrast, higher expression of circulating miR-200 members was significantly associated with poor clinical outcome (OS, HR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.15–2.46; PFS, HR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.68–4.07). Conclusion. The results from this meta-analysis suggest that miR-200 family members are potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with various carcinomas. To apply these findings in the clinic, large prospective studies are needed to validate the prognostic values of miR-200s in individual cancer types.
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114
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Ding L, Yu LL, Han N, Zhang BT. miR-141 promotes colon cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting MAP2K4. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1665-1671. [PMID: 28454307 PMCID: PMC5403415 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) can function as tumor-suppressor or oncogenic genes. Upregulation of miRNA-141 has been frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples. The experimentally observed targets of miR-141 include the tumor-suppressor gene mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MAP2K4). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-141 in the proliferation of colonic cancer. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression levels of miR-141 and MAP2K4 in colonic adenocarcinoma (CAC) and adjacent non-cancerous (NC) tissue samples, as well as in human CAC cell lines (HT29, T94 and LS174). MTT assay was used to investigate the proliferation and apoptosis of these three cell lines. The expression levels of miR-141 were significantly upregulated in clinical samples of CAC, compared with adjacent NC tissues. By contrast, MAP2K4 was downregulated in CAC. The in vitro assays demonstrated that overexpression of miR-141 resulted in cell proliferation of CAC by inhibiting MAP2K4 activity. Our study suggests that targeting the miR-141-MAP2K4 signaling pathway may represent a novel approach for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Bu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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115
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Liu C, Liu R, Zhang D, Deng Q, Liu B, Chao HP, Rycaj K, Takata Y, Lin K, Lu Y, Zhong Y, Krolewski J, Shen J, Tang DG. MicroRNA-141 suppresses prostate cancer stem cells and metastasis by targeting a cohort of pro-metastasis genes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14270. [PMID: 28112170 PMCID: PMC5264244 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating tumour development, progression and metastasis. Here we show that one of the miR-200 family members, miR-141, is under-expressed in several prostate cancer (PCa) stem/progenitor cell populations in both xenograft and primary patient tumours. Enforced expression of miR-141 in CD44+ and bulk PCa cells inhibits cancer stem cell properties including holoclone and sphere formation, as well as invasion, and suppresses tumour regeneration and metastasis. Moreover, miR-141 expression enforces a strong epithelial phenotype with a partial loss of mesenchymal phenotype. Whole-genome RNA sequencing uncovers novel miR-141-regulated molecular targets in PCa cells including the Rho GTPase family members (for example, CDC42, CDC42EP3, RAC1 and ARPC5) and stem cell molecules CD44 and EZH2, all of which are validated as direct and functionally relevant targets of miR-141. Our results suggest that miR-141 employs multiple mechanisms to obstruct tumour growth and metastasis. MicroRNAs have important roles in regulating tumor development, progression and metastasis. Here, the authors demonstrate the tumor-suppressive functions of miRNA141 in prostate cancer stem cells mediated by directly targeting CD44, Rho GTPase protein family members, and EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA.,Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA.,Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Carlton and Elm Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Dingxiao Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Carlton and Elm Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Qu Deng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Carlton and Elm Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.,Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Program in Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bigang Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA
| | - Hsueh-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA.,Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Program in Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Carlton and Elm Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Yoko Takata
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA
| | - John Krolewski
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Texas 78957, USA.,Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Carlton and Elm Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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116
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Zendjabil M, Favard S, Tse C, Abbou O, Hainque B. [The microRNAs as biomarkers: What prospects?]. C R Biol 2017; 340:114-131. [PMID: 28081967 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are nucleic acids of about twenty nucleotides that regulate about a third of the genome at the post-transcriptional level. Thanks to their different forms of transport, microRNAs are stable and can be detected in biological fluids such as blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or saliva. In addition, the profile of circulating microRNAs is a specific part of the cells in which it is secreted and is modified according to the physiological or pathological conditions of these cells. MicroRNAs therefore appear as biomarkers of interest for many diseases. However, these applications face several challenges because there are currently considerable differences between the sample processing procedures, assay methods, and especially the result standardization strategies. This literature review aims to take stock of the current use of microRNAs as biomarkers mainly in biological fluids and address the perspectives that emerge from the fact that their vesicular circulating forms could be used to assess the state of the cells and the tissues that produce them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Zendjabil
- Service de biochimie, établissement hospitalier universitaire (EHU) d'Oran, 1(er)-Novembre-1954, BP 4166 Ibn Rochd, Oran, Algérie.
| | - Séverine Favard
- Service de biochimie métabolique, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles-Foix, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Tse
- Service de biochimie métabolique, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles-Foix, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Omar Abbou
- Service de biochimie, établissement hospitalier universitaire (EHU) d'Oran, 1(er)-Novembre-1954, BP 4166 Ibn Rochd, Oran, Algérie
| | - Bernard Hainque
- Service de biochimie métabolique, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles-Foix, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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117
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Senfter D, Madlener S, Krupitza G, Mader RM. The microRNA-200 family: still much to discover. Biomol Concepts 2016; 7:311-319. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the last decade, microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) became of great interest in cancer research due to their multifunctional and active regulation in a variety of vital cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the miR-200 family, which is composed of five members (miR-141, miR-200a/200b/200c and miR-429). Although being among the best investigated miRNAs in the field, there are still many open issues. Here, we describe the potential role of miR-200 as prognostic and/or predictive biomarker, its influence on motility and cell migration as well as its role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis formation in different tumour types. Recent studies also demonstrated the influence of miR-200 on drug resistance and described a correlation between miR-200 expression levels and overall survival of patients. Despite intense research in this field, the full role of the miR-200 family in cancer progression and metastasis is not completely understood and seems to differ between different tumour types and different cellular backgrounds. To elucidate these differences further, a finer characterisation of the role of the individual miRNA-200 family members is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Senfter
- 1Department of Paediatrics, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- 1Department of Paediatrics, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- 2Institute of Clinical Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert M. Mader
- 3Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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118
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Marotta V, Sciammarella C, Colao A, Faggiano A. Application of molecular biology of differentiated thyroid cancer for clinical prognostication. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R499-R515. [PMID: 27578827 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer outcome results from the interplay between genetics and environment, researchers are making a great effort for applying molecular biology in the prognostication of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Nevertheless, role of molecular characterisation in the prognostic setting of DTC is still nebulous. Among the most common and well-characterised genetic alterations related to DTC, including mutations of BRAF and RAS and RET rearrangements, BRAFV600E is the only mutation showing unequivocal association with clinical outcome. Unfortunately, its accuracy is strongly limited by low specificity. Recently, the introduction of next-generation sequencing techniques led to the identification of TERT promoter and TP53 mutations in DTC. These genetic abnormalities may identify a small subgroup of tumours with highly aggressive behaviour, thus improving specificity of molecular prognostication. Although knowledge of prognostic significance of TP53 mutations is still anecdotal, mutations of the TERT promoter have showed clear association with clinical outcome. Nevertheless, this genetic marker needs to be analysed according to a multigenetic model, as its prognostic effect becomes negligible when present in isolation. Given that any genetic alteration has demonstrated, taken alone, enough specificity, the co-occurrence of driving mutations is emerging as an independent genetic signature of aggressiveness, with possible future application in clinical practice. DTC prognostication may be empowered in the near future by non-tissue molecular prognosticators, including circulating BRAFV600E and miRNAs. Although promising, use of these markers needs to be refined by the technical sight, and the actual prognostic value is still yet to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery UnitIstituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori-IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
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119
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Bellissimo T, Russo E, Ganci F, Vico C, Sacconi A, Longo F, Vitolo D, Anile M, Disio D, Marino M, Blandino G, Venuta F, Fazi F. Circulating miR-21-5p and miR-148a-3p as emerging non-invasive biomarkers in thymic epithelial tumors. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:79-82. [PMID: 26575977 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1108493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells give rise to both thymoma and thymic carcinoma. A crucial advance in thymic epithelial tumors (TET) management may derive from the identification of novel molecular biomarkers able to improve diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning.In a previous study, we identified microRNAs that were differentially expressed in tumor vs normal thymic tissues. Among the microRNAs resulted up-regulated in TET tissues, we evaluated miR-21-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-34b-5p, miR-34c-5p, miR-455-5p as blood plasma circulating non-invasive biomarkers for TET management.We firstly report that the expression levels of specific onco-miRNAs, that we found upregulated in the blood plasma collected from TET patients at surgery, resulted significantly reduced in follow-up samples.This pilot study suggests that circulating miR-21-5p and miR-148a-3p could represent novel non-invasive biomarkers to evaluate the efficacy of therapy and the prognosis of TET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bellissimo
- a Department of Anatomical, Histological , Forensic and orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuele Russo
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery , Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy and Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci
| | - Federica Ganci
- c Translational Oncogenomics Unit, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Carmen Vico
- a Department of Anatomical, Histological , Forensic and orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- c Translational Oncogenomics Unit, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Flavia Longo
- d Department of Radiological , Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences - Oncology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Domenico Vitolo
- e Department of Radiological , Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences - Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Anile
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery , Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy and Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci
| | - Daniele Disio
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery , Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy and Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci
| | - Mirella Marino
- f Department of Pathology , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- c Translational Oncogenomics Unit, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Federico Venuta
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery , Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy and Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci
| | - Francesco Fazi
- a Department of Anatomical, Histological , Forensic and orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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120
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Kou CH, Zhou T, Han XL, Zhuang HJ, Qian HX. Downregulation of mir-23b in plasma is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4838-4844. [PMID: 28101227 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that act as regulators of gene expression. Circulating blood miRNAs have potential as cancer biomarkers. The main objective of the present study was to assess the effect of miRNA-23b (miR-23b) expression in plasma on the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure miR-23b expression levels, and methylation-specific PCR was used to test the promoter methylation status. Subsequently, the expression level of miR-23b in plasma samples was compared between CRC patients and healthy control individuals. The miR-23b expression levels were significantly lower in CRC cells and primary CRC tissues than in nonmalignant colorectal tissues (P<0.001). It was also shown that miR-23b expression is downregulated by promoter methylation and can be restored by demethylation agent treatment. miR-23b was significantly decreased in plasma samples from CRC patients compared with the healthy control individuals (P<0.001). The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.842 (sensitivity, 84.38%; specificity, 77.08%; 95% confidence interval, 0.763-0.922). Low plasma miR-23b expression was significantly associated with clinical stage, tumor depth, distant metastasis and tumor recurrence. CRC patients with low miR-23b expression in plasma exhibited a shorter recurrence-free survival time and poorer overall survival rate. The present results suggested that the downregulation of miR-23b in the plasma has the potential to be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Kou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Lin Han
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Zhuang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xin Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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121
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Maierthaler M, Benner A, Hoffmeister M, Surowy H, Jansen L, Knebel P, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Burwinkel B. Plasma miR-122 and miR-200 family are prognostic markers in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:176-187. [PMID: 27632639 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as minimally invasive prognostic markers for various types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the levels of circulating miRNAs that might serve as markers for CRC prognosis and survival. We included plasma samples of 543 CRC patients with stage I-IV disease from a population-based study carried out in Germany. After comprehensive evaluation of current literature, 95 miRNAs were selected and measured with Custom TaqMan® Array MicroRNA Cards. Plasma samples of non-metastatic and metastatic colon cancer patients, each group consisting of ten patients with 'good' and ten patients with 'bad' prognosis were screened. Identified candidate miRNAs were further validated by RT-qPCR in the whole study cohort. The association of the miRNA levels with patients' survival and the prognostic subtypes was analyzed with uni- and multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Increased miR-122 levels were associated with a 'bad' prognostic subtype in metastatic CRC (Odds ratio: 1.563, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.038-2.347) and a shorter relapse-free survival and overall survival for non-metastatic (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.370, 95% CI: 1.028-1.825; HR: 1.353, 95% CI: 1.002-1.828) and metastatic (HR: 1.264, 95% CI: 1.050-1.520; HR: 1.292, 95% CI: 1.078-1.548) CRC patients. Additionally, several members of the miR-200 family showed associations with patients' prognosis and correlations to clinicopathological characteristics. The here identified miRNA markers, miR-122 and the miR-200 family members, could be of use in the development of a multi-marker blood test for CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Maierthaler
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phillip Knebel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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122
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Park JH, Theodoratou E, Calin GA, Shin JI. From cell biology to immunology: Controlling metastatic progression of cancer via microRNA regulatory networks. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1230579. [PMID: 27999740 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1230579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the study of microRNAs has expanded our knowledge of the fundamental processes of cancer biology and the underlying mechanisms behind tumor metastasis. Extensive research in the fields of microRNA and its novel mechanisms of actions against various cancers has more recently led to the trial of a first cancer-targeted microRNA drug, MRX34. Yet, these microRNAs are mostly being studied and clinically trialed solely based on the understanding of their cell biologic effects, thus, neglecting the important immunologic effects that are sometimes opposite of the cell biologic effects. Here, we summarize both the cell biologic and immunologic effects of various microRNAs and discuss the importance of considering both effects before using them in clinical settings. We stress the importance of understanding the miRNA's effect on cancer metastasis from a "systems" perspective before developing a miRNA-targeted therapeutic in treating cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyon Park
- Yonsei University, College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Usher Institute of Population Health and Informatics, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - George A Calin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Children's Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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123
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Circulating MicroRNAs: A Next-Generation Clinical Biomarker for Digestive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091459. [PMID: 27598137 PMCID: PMC5037738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play important roles in various physiological and developmental processes such as oncogenic or tumor suppressive regulators. Specific miRNA expression signatures have been identified in a number of human cancers. Cell-free miRNAs have recently been stably detected in plasma and serum (circulating miRNAs), and their presence in blood has attracted the attention of researchers due to their potential as non-invasive biomarkers. Circulating miRNAs have emerged as tumor-associated biomarkers that reflect not only the existence of early-stage tumors, but also the dynamics and status of advanced stage tumors, tumor recurrence, and drug sensitivities. This methodology for liquid biopsy may provide non-invasive and reproductive biomarkers and individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. We herein review the current phase of biological and clinical research on the circulating miRNAs of solid cancers, particularly digestive tract cancers, and discuss future perspectives. The present review may be beneficial for future research on miRNAs used to detect various cancers.
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124
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Non-coding RNA as mediators in microenvironment–breast cancer cell communication. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:289-95. [PMID: 26582656 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has a critical role in the survival and decision of the cancer cells. These include support by enhanced angiogenesis, and metastasis or adaptation of dormancy. This article discusses methods by which the microenvironment sustains the tumor. This process is important as it will identify avenues of drug targets. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are evolving as key mediators in the interaction between the cancer cells and the microenvironment. Thus, the question is how to develop methods to effectively block the effects of the ncRNA and/or to introduce them to prevent metastasis, dormancy or to reverse dormancy. We focused on the advantages of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for RNA delivery. MSCs can be available as "off-the-shelf" cells. Thus far, MSCs are shown to be safe when transplanted across allogeneic barriers. We discussed the various methods by which MSCs can interact with cancer cells to deliver ncRNA or antagomirs. We also include the advances and possible confounds of using these methods. Overall, this review article provides a potential method by which MSCs can be used for effective delivery of nucleic acid to treat cancer.
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125
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Recent progress toward the use of circulating microRNAs as clinical biomarkers. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2959-2978. [PMID: 27585665 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be critical mediators of many cellular and developmental processes and have been implicated in different human diseases. Since the observation of extracellular miRNAs present in various biofluids, much attention and excitement have been garnered toward understanding the functional roles of these circulating extracellular miRNAs and establishing their potential use as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we will review the current state of miRNA biomarkers for many human diseases, including their emerging use in toxicological applications, and discuss the current challenges in the field, with an emphasis on technical issues that often hinder discovery-based miRNA biomarker studies.
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126
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Huang M, Wu L, Qin Y, Li Z, Luo S, Qin H, Yang Y, Chen J. Anti-proliferative role and prognostic implication of miR-141 in gastric cancer. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3549-3557. [PMID: 27648145 PMCID: PMC5009407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a prevalent disease causing a high annual death rate worldwide. Recent studies suggest the pivotal regulatory role of microRNAs in gastric cancer and the aberrant expression of microRNA-141 (miR-141) in gastric cancer cells. This study aims to explore the role and possible mechanism of miR-141 in gastric cancer prognosis and cell proliferation. A total of 30 gastric cancer patients were recruited for miR-141 level detection and a follow up of 115 weeks. Human adenocarcinoma cell line AGS was transfected with miR-141 mimic or inhibitor for cell viability, colony formation and cell cycle assays. A gastric cancer mouse model was constructed by implantation of transfected AGS cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was overexpressed in AGS cells to investigate miR-141 mechanism. Results showed that miR-141 was significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer tissue (P < 0.001). The patients with lower miR-141 levels exhibited poorer prognosis. miR-141 inhibited AGS cell viability (P < 0.01), colony formation (P < 0.01) and cell cycle (P < 0.05), and the mice implanted with miR-141 mimic cells showed an obvious smaller tumor size (P < 0.01), suggesting the anti-proliferative role of miR-141. Both the phosphorylated and total IGF1R protein levels were inhibited by miR-141, while IGF1R overexpression reversed the effects of miR-141 in AGS cell proliferation. These results indicate the potential roles of miR-141 as a prognostic factor and as a therapeutic alternative for gastric cancer. Its mechanism may be associated with IGF1R, and further research is necessary for more detail information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liucheng Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuzhou Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiquan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiansi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs, which play a vital role in tumour formation, development, metastasis and recurrence by inducing DNA methylation, changing tumor microenvironment and regulating signal pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K), K-RAS, epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and so on. Recent studies have found that the expression of many miRNAs is dyregulated in colorectal cancer, and they participate in and control the formation and development of colorectal cancer. Thus, understanding the roles and mechanisms of action of miRNAs in colorectal cancer can provide a new avenue for its early diagnosis, clinical staging, treatment and prognosis evaluation.
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128
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Castagnino N, Maffei M, Tortolina L, Zoppoli G, Piras D, Nencioni A, Moran E, Ballestrero A, Patrone F, Parodi S. Systems medicine in colorectal cancer: from a mathematical model toward a new type of clinical trial. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:314-36. [PMID: 27240214 PMCID: PMC6680205 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment guidelines are primarily based on clinical features, such as cancer stage and grade. However, outcomes may be improved using molecular treatment guidelines. Potentially useful biomarkers include driver mutations and somatically inherited alterations, signaling proteins (their expression levels and (post) translational modifications), mRNAs, micro-RNAs and long noncoding RNAs. Moving to an integrated system is potentially very relevant. To implement such an integrated system: we focus on an important region of the signaling network, immediately above the G1-S restriction point, and discuss the reconstruction of a Molecular Interaction Map and interrogating it with a dynamic mathematical model. Extensive model pretraining achieved satisfactory, validated, performance. The model helps to propose future target combination priorities, and restricts drastically the number of drugs to be finally tested at a cellular, in vivo, and clinical-trial level. Our model allows for the inclusion of the unique molecular profiles of each individual patient's tumor. While existing clinical guidelines are well established, dynamic modeling may be used for future targeted combination therapies, which may progressively become part of clinical practice within the near future. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:314-336. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1342 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Castagnino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Maffei
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tortolina
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Piras
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eva Moran
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Patrone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvio Parodi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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The Preoperative Peripheral Blood Monocyte Count Is Associated with Liver Metastasis and Overall Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157486. [PMID: 27355390 PMCID: PMC4927165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in males and the second most common in females worldwide. Distant metastases have a strong negative impact on the prognosis of CRC patients. The most common site of CRC metastases is the liver. Both disease progression and metastasis have been related to the patient’s peripheral blood monocyte count. We therefore performed a case-control study to assess the relationship between the preoperative peripheral blood monocyte count and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Methods Clinical data from 117 patients with colon cancer and 93 with rectal cancer who were admitted to the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital (Beijing, China) between December 2003 and May 2015 were analysed retrospectively, with the permission of both the patients and the hospital. Results Preoperative peripheral blood monocyte counts, the T and N classifications of the primary tumour and its primary site differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.002, P < 0.001), whereas there were no differences in the sex, age, degree of tumour differentiation or largest tumour diameter. Lymph node metastasis and a high preoperative peripheral blood monocyte count were independent risk factors for liver metastasis (OR: 2.178, 95%CI: 1.148~4.134, P = 0.017; OR: 12.422, 95%CI: 5.076~30.398, P < 0.001), although the risk was lower in patients with rectal versus colon cancer (OR: 0.078, 95%CI: 0.020~0.309, P < 0.001). Primary tumour site (P<0.001), degree of tumour differentiation (P = 0.009), T, N and M classifications, TNM staging and preoperative monocyte counts (P<0.001) were associated with the 5-year overall survival (OS) of CRC patients. A preoperative peripheral blood monocyte count > 0.505 × 109 cells/L, high T classification and liver metastasis were independent risk factors for 5-year OS (RR: 2.737, 95% CI: 1.573~ 4.764, P <0.001; RR: 2.687, 95%CI: 1.498~4.820, P = 0.001; RR: 4.928, 95%CI: 2.871~8.457, P < 0.001). Conclusions The demonstrated association between preoperative peripheral blood monocyte count and liver metastasis in patients with CRC recommends the former as a useful predictor of postoperative prognosis in CRC patients.
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Schou JV, Johansen JS, Nielsen D, Rossi S. Circulating microRNAs as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2016; 2:ncrna2020005. [PMID: 29657263 PMCID: PMC5831904 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna2020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are suggested as promising cancer biomarkers. They are stable and extractable from a variety of clinical tissue specimens (fresh frozen or formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue) and a variety of body fluids (e.g., blood, urine, saliva). However, there are several challenges that need to be solved, considering their potential as biomarkers in cancer, such as lack of consistency between biomarker panels in independent studies due to lack of standardized sample handling and processing, use of inconsistent normalization approaches, and differences in patients populations. Focusing on colorectal cancer (CRC), divergent results regarding circulating miRNAs as prognostic or predictive biomarkers are reported in the literature. In the present review, we summarize the current data on circulating miRNAs as prognostic/predictive biomarkers in patients with localized and metastatic CRC (mCRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Vasehus Schou
- Department of Oncology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Julia Sidenius Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Simona Rossi
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Via Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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131
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Lopatina T, Gai C, Deregibus MC, Kholia S, Camussi G. Cross Talk between Cancer and Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Nucleic Acids. Front Oncol 2016; 6:125. [PMID: 27242964 PMCID: PMC4876347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be a novel complex mechanism of cell communication within the tumor microenvironment. EVs may act as vehicles for transcription factors and nucleic acids inducing epigenetic changes in recipient cells. Since tumor EVs may be present in patient biological fluids, it is important to investigate their function and molecular mechanisms of action. It has been shown that tumor cells release EVs, which are capable of regulating cell apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as to suppress activity of immune cells, to enhance angiogenesis, and to prepare a favorable microenvironment for metastasis. On the other hand, EVs derived from stromal cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), may influence the phenotype of tumor cells through reciprocal cross talk greatly influenced by the transcription factors and nucleic acids they carry. In particular, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long ncRNAs, have recently been identified as the main candidates for the phenotypic changes induced in the recipient cells by EVs. ncRNAs, which are important regulators of mRNA and protein expression, can function either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes, depending on their targets. Herein, we have attempted to revise actual evidence reported in the literature on the role of EVs in tumor biology with particular regard to the cross talk of ncRNAs between cancer cells and MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Lopatina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Chiara Gai
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Sharad Kholia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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132
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Ferracin M, Lupini L, Salamon I, Saccenti E, Zanzi MV, Rocchi A, Da Ros L, Zagatti B, Musa G, Bassi C, Mangolini A, Cavallesco G, Frassoldati A, Volpato S, Carcoforo P, Hollingsworth AB, Negrini M. Absolute quantification of cell-free microRNAs in cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14545-55. [PMID: 26036630 PMCID: PMC4546486 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis to use microRNAs (miRNAs) circulating in the blood as cancer biomarkers was formulated some years ago based on promising initial results. After some exciting discoveries, however, it became evident that the accurate quantification of cell-free miRNAs was more challenging than expected. Difficulties were linked to the strong impact that many, if not all, pre- and post- analytical variables have on the final results. In this study, we used currently available high-throughput technologies to identify miRNAs present in plasma and serum of patients with breast, colorectal, lung, thyroid and melanoma tumors, and healthy controls. Then, we assessed the absolute level of nine different miRNAs (miR-320a, miR-21-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-3156-5p, miR-2110, miR-125a-5p, miR-425-5p, miR-766-3p) in 207 samples from healthy controls and cancer patients using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technology. We identified miRNAs specifically modulated in one or more cancer types, according to tissue source. The significant reduction of miR-181a-5p levels in breast cancer patients serum was further validated using two independent cohorts, one from Italy (n = 70) and one from US (n = 90), with AUC 0.66 and 0.73 respectively. This study finally powers the use of cell-free miRNAs as cancer biomarkers and propose miR-181a-5p as a diagnostic breast cancer biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Lupini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Salamon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Saccenti
- Section of Hematology, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Rocchi
- Clinical Oncology Unit, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Da Ros
- Clinical Oncology Unit, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Zagatti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gentian Musa
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mangolini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cavallesco
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Section of General and Thoracic Surgery, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Carcoforo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Breast Unit, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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133
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Targeting oncomiRNAs and mimicking tumor suppressor miRNAs: Νew trends in the development of miRNA therapeutic strategies in oncology (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:5-32. [PMID: 27175518 PMCID: PMC4902075 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) therapeutics in cancer are based on targeting or mimicking miRNAs involved in cancer onset, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Several studies conclusively have demonstrated that miRNAs are deeply involved in tumor onset and progression, either behaving as tumor-promoting miRNAs (oncomiRNAs and metastamiRNAs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs. This review focuses on the most promising examples potentially leading to the development of anticancer, miRNA-based therapeutic protocols. The inhibition of miRNA activity can be readily achieved by the use of miRNA inhibitors and oligomers, including RNA, DNA and DNA analogues (miRNA antisense therapy), small molecule inhibitors, miRNA sponges or through miRNA masking. On the contrary, the enhancement of miRNA function (miRNA replacement therapy) can be achieved by the use of modified miRNA mimetics, such as plasmid or lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA sequences. Combination strategies have been recently developed based on the observation that i) the combined administration of different antagomiR molecules induces greater antitumor effects and ii) some anti-miR molecules can sensitize drug-resistant tumor cell lines to therapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss two additional issues: i) the combination of miRNA replacement therapy with drug administration and ii) the combination of antagomiR and miRNA replacement therapy. One of the solid results emerging from different independent studies is that miRNA replacement therapy can enhance the antitumor effects of the antitumor drugs. The second important conclusion of the reviewed studies is that the combination of anti-miRNA and miRNA replacement strategies may lead to excellent results, in terms of antitumor effects.
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134
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Larrea E, Sole C, Manterola L, Goicoechea I, Armesto M, Arestin M, Caffarel MM, Araujo AM, Araiz M, Fernandez-Mercado M, Lawrie CH. New Concepts in Cancer Biomarkers: Circulating miRNAs in Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050627. [PMID: 27128908 PMCID: PMC4881453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective and efficient management of cancer patients relies upon early diagnosis and/or the monitoring of treatment, something that is often difficult to achieve using standard tissue biopsy techniques. Biological fluids such as blood hold great possibilities as a source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers that can act as surrogate markers to biopsy-based sampling. The non-invasive nature of these “liquid biopsies” ultimately means that cancer detection may be earlier and that the ability to monitor disease progression and/or treatment response represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer patients. Below, we review one of the most promising classes of circulating cancer biomarkers: microRNAs (miRNAs). In particular, we will consider their history, the controversy surrounding their origin and biology, and, most importantly, the hurdles that remain to be overcome if they are really to become part of future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Larrea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Carla Sole
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Lorea Manterola
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ibai Goicoechea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Armesto
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Arestin
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María M Caffarel
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Araiz
- Hematology Department, Donostia Hospital, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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135
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He P, Zhang Z, Huang G, Wang H, Xu D, Liao W, Kang Y. miR-141 modulates osteoblastic cell proliferation by regulating the target gene of lncRNA H19 and lncRNA H19-derived miR-675. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1780-8. [PMID: 27186302 PMCID: PMC4859907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has reported the significant roles of lncRNA or miRNAs in the biology of various diseases. This study was aimed to elucidate the potential roles of miR-141 and lncRNA H19 and H19-derived miR-675 in regulating osteoblasts proliferation and apoptosis and to explore its potential mechanism. miR-141 mimic or miR-141 inhibitor or siRNA-H19 or miR-675 inhibitor was transfected into human hFOB1.19 cells. The effects or miR-141 expression on H19 or miR-675 expression, on osteoblasts proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed. Moreover, effects of H19 and miR-675 expression on cell proliferation were also analyzed. The results showed that miR-141 was down-regulated in both hFOB1.19 cells and osteosarcoma tissues. The overexpressed miR-141 suppressed H19 and miR-675 expression in hFOB1.19 cells. Besides, miR-141 suppression significantly increased cell viability but this effect was blocked by silencing H19 or miR-675 inhibitor, which is similar to the effects on VEGF and IGF2 expression. Furthermore, miR-141 overexpression induced osteoblasts apoptosis, but decreased the levels of caspase-3 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Taken together, our study revealed that tumor-suppressor miR-141 overexpression suppressed osteoblasts proliferation but induced apoptosis through down-regulating H19 or miR-675 in osteosarcoma. This study may provide theoretical basis for illustrating the interaction between lncRNA and miRNAs in osteosarcoma and for the therapeutic target of miR-141 in osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiheng He
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangxin Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weiming Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
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136
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WANG FANG, LI LIN, CHEN ZHUO, ZHU MINGZHI, GU YUANTING. MicroRNA-214 acts as a potential oncogene in breast cancer by targeting the PTEN-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1421-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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137
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Wang Z, Lei H, Sun Q. MicroRNA-141 and its associated gene FUS modulate proliferation, migration and cisplatin chemosensitivity in neuroblastoma cell lines. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2943-51. [PMID: 26936280 PMCID: PMC4811401 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a novel signaling pathway of microRNA-141 (miR-141)/fused in sarcoma (FUS) was investigated in neuroblastoma (NB). Gene expression of miR-141 was evaluated in 6 NB cell lines. IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cells were transduced with the miR-141 mimic lentivirus. The effects of miR-141 upregulation on cell proliferation, cell division, migration, chemosensitivity and in vivo explants were evaluated by MTT, cell cycle, wound-healing, cisplatin sensitivity and in vivo tumor growth assays, respectively. The correlation between miR-141 and the FUS gene was evaluated by luciferase assay and qRT-PCR. FUS was also downregulated in IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cells to evaluate its impact on NB regulation. miR-141 was downregulated in both MYCN- and non-MYCN-amplified NB cell lines. In the IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cells, lentivirus-induced miR-141 upregulation inhibited cancer proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration and increased cisplatin chemosensitivity in vitro. In addition, miR-141 upregulation reduced the in vivo growth of IMR-32 tumor explants. FUS was found to be inversely regulated by miR-141 in NB. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced FUS downregulation had similar tumor-suppressive effects as miR-141 upregulation on NB cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration and cisplatin chemosensitivity. Our data indicate that miR-141 and the FUS gene, which are inversely correlated, play significant functional roles in regulating human NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- Emergency Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Lei
- Emergency Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276001, P.R. China
| | - Quanyu Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276001, P.R. China
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138
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Cekaite L, Eide PW, Lind GE, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA. MicroRNAs as growth regulators, their function and biomarker status in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6476-505. [PMID: 26623728 PMCID: PMC4872728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is in part regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC); their role as growth regulators, the mechanisms that regulate the miRNAs themselves and the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers. Although thousands of tissue samples and bodily fluids from CRC patients have been investigated for biomarker potential of miRNAs (>160 papers presented in a comprehensive tables), none single miRNA nor miRNA expression signatures are in clinical use for this disease. More than 500 miRNA-target pairs have been identified in CRC and we discuss how these regulatory nodes interconnect and affect signaling pathways in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cekaite
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter W. Eide
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro E. Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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139
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Reproducible and Reliable Real-time PCR Assay to Measure Mature Form of miR-141. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:138-43. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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140
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Profiling cell-free and circulating miRNA: a clinical diagnostic tool for different cancers. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:5705-14. [PMID: 26831657 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer management depends on early diagnosis and treatment. There are several microRNAs (miRNAs) which are used for detection of various cancers. Cell-free and circulating miRNAs originate from plasma, either from blood cells or endothelial cells. Cell-free and circulating miRNAs are very much important in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer therapy. Admittedly, biological knowledge of extracellular miRNAs is still at its preliminary level. Recent discoveries of novel cell-free and circulating miRNAs from the body fluids are now being considered as important biomarkers that may help us in the early diagnosis of any cancer. In the present review, we highlight the biogenesis of miRNAs and their current extracellular pattern, the discovery of circulating miRNA, significant advantages, and different profiling techniques. Finally, we discuss the different circulating miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-20a, miR-155, miR‑221, miR-210, miR-218, miR-200-family, miR-141, miR-122, miR-486-5p, miR‑423-5p, miR-29a, and miR-500 for clinical diagnosis of various cancers. The present review may be beneficial for future researches concerned with miRNAs which are used for detection of various cancers.
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141
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The microRNA-200 family: small molecules with novel roles in cancer development, progression and therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6472-98. [PMID: 25762624 PMCID: PMC4466628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression post-transcriptionally via base pairing between the 5′ seed region of a miRNA and the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of a messenger RNA (mRNA). Recent evidence has supported the critical role that miRNAs play in many diseases including cancer. The miR-200 family consisting of 5 members (miR-200a, -200b, -200c, -141, -429) is an emerging miRNA family that has been shown to play crucial roles in cancer initiation and metastasis, and potentially be important for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. While miR-200s were found to be critically involved in the metastatic colonization to the lungs in mouse mammary xenograft tumor models, a large number of studies demonstrated their strong suppressive effects on cell transformation, cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis. This review aims to discuss research findings about the role of the miR-200 family in cancer initiation, each step of cancer metastatic cascade, cancer diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive summary of currently validated miR-200 targets is also presented. It is concluded that miR-200 family may serve as novel targets for the therapy of multiple types of cancer.
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142
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Tóth K, Barták BK, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids as biomarkers in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:239-52. [PMID: 26652067 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1132164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Screening methods for the most frequent diagnosed malignant tumor, colorectal cancer (CRC), have limitations. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis came into focus as a potential screening test for CRC. Detection of epigenetic and genetic alterations of cfDNA as DNA methylation or DNA mutations and related ribonucleic acids may improve cancer detection based on unique, CRC-specific patterns. In this review the authors summarize the CRC-specific nucleic acid biomarkers measured in peripheral blood and their potential as screening markers. Detection of DNA mutation has inadequate sensitivity; however, methylated DNA can be established with higher sensitivity from CRC plasma samples. The ribonucleic acid based miRNA studies represented higher sensitivity for CRC as compared with mRNA studies. Recently, isolation of cfDNA has become automated, highly reproducible and a high throughput method. With automated possible diagnostic tools, a new approach may be available for CRC screening as liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Tóth
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,b Molecular Medicine Research Unit , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,b Molecular Medicine Research Unit , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
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143
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Yörüker EE, Holdenrieder S, Gezer U. Blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:26-32. [PMID: 26797671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated morbidity and mortality is increasing, in part due to a lack of early detection. Direct structural examination techniques, such as colonoscopy, are invasive and can therefore affect the willingness of patients to participate in screening. Recently, the use of "liquid biopsy" has gained considerable attention as a novel source of biomarkers. Blood-based biomarkers could prove to be practical tools for CRC detection, as the monitoring of biomarkers in biological fluids offers many advantages, including minimal invasiveness and easy accessibility. Biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity can enable the detection of CRC at an early stage, thereby improving prognosis, prediction of treatment response, and recurrence risk. In this review, we summarize that the biomarkers currently thought to have potential for the early detection and monitoring of CRC, including circulating tumor cells, DNA, RNA and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru E Yörüker
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ugur Gezer
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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144
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Ghanbari R, Mosakhani N, Sarhadi VK, Armengol G, Nouraee N, Mohammadkhani A, Khorrami S, Arefian E, Paryan M, Malekzadeh R, Knuutila S. Simultaneous Underexpression of let-7a-5p and let-7f-5p microRNAs in Plasma and Stool Samples from Early Stage Colorectal Carcinoma. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 7:39-48. [PMID: 26793011 PMCID: PMC4711391 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s25252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Early detection of CRC can improve patient survival rates; thus, the identification of noninvasive diagnostic markers is urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have extensive potential to diagnose several diseases, including cancer. In this study, we compared the expression pattern of miRNAs from plasma and stool samples of patients with early stages of CRC (I, II) with that of healthy subjects. We performed miRNA profiling using microarrays on plasma and stool samples of eight patients with CRC and four healthy subjects. Seven miRNAs were found to be underexpressed in both plasma and stool samples of patients with CRC versus healthy subjects. Then, we aimed to verify two out of these seven differentially expressed miRNAs (let-7a-5p and let-7f-5p) by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on a larger set of plasma and stool samples of 51 patients with CRC and 26 healthy subjects. We confirmed the results of microarray analysis since their expression was significantly lower in stool and plasma samples of patients with CRC. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that fecal let-7f expression levels have significant sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between patients with CRC and healthy subjects. In conclusion, if the results are confirmed in larger series of patients, underexpressed let-7a-5p and let-7f-5p miRNAs in both plasma and stool samples of patients with CRC may serve potentially as noninvasive molecular biomarkers for the early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanbari
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mosakhani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virinder K Sarhadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nazila Nouraee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohammadkhani
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Khorrami
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Research and Development Department, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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145
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Akhtar MM, Micolucci L, Islam MS, Olivieri F, Procopio AD. Bioinformatic tools for microRNA dissection. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:24-44. [PMID: 26578605 PMCID: PMC4705652 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important elements of gene regulatory networks. MiRNAs are endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNAs (~22-nt long) that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Through pairing with mRNA, miRNAs can down-regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation or stimulating mRNA degradation. In some cases they can also up-regulate the expression of a target gene. MiRNAs influence a variety of cellular pathways that range from development to carcinogenesis. The involvement of miRNAs in several human diseases, particularly cancer, makes them potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Recent technological advances, especially high-throughput sequencing, have led to an exponential growth in the generation of miRNA-related data. A number of bioinformatic tools and databases have been devised to manage this growing body of data. We analyze 129 miRNA tools that are being used in diverse areas of miRNA research, to assist investigators in choosing the most appropriate tools for their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most Mauluda Akhtar
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy Computational Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy
| | - Luigina Micolucci
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy Computational Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapies, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona 60121, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapies, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona 60121, Italy
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146
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Circulating cell-free microRNAs as biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Surg Today 2016; 46:13-24. [PMID: 25712224 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators. Their discovery has provided new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The expression of both oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs can be aberrantly either up- or down-regulated in cancer cells. These miRNAs target mRNAs of genes that either promote or inhibit tumor growth, and are one of several epigenetic factors that control the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and other cancers. Investigations of miRNAs as CRC biomarkers have employed the expression profiling of traditional tissue samples and, more recently, non-invasive samples, such as feces and body fluids, have been analyzed. MiRNAs may also be able to predict responses to chemo- and radiotherapy, and may be manipulated to modify CRC characteristics. We herein discuss the use of circulating miRNAs as possible non-invasive biomarkers of early CRC onset, relapse, or response to treatment. We also discuss the obstacles that currently limit the routine use of epigenetic biomarkers in clinical settings.
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147
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Circulating Non-coding RNA as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 937:171-81. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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148
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Köhler J, Schuler M, Gauler TC, Nöpel-Dünnebacke S, Ahrens M, Hoffmann AC, Kasper S, Nensa F, Gomez B, Hahnemann M, Breitenbuecher F, Cheufou D, Özkan F, Darwiche K, Hoiczyk M, Reis H, Welter S, Eberhardt WEE, Eisenacher M, Teschler H, Stamatis G, Schmiegel W, Hahn SA, Baraniskin A. Circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in lung cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:795-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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149
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Khoury S, Tran N. Circulating microRNAs: potential biomarkers for common malignancies. Biomark Med 2015; 9:131-51. [PMID: 25689901 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are approximately 22 nucleotide sequences in length and have been predicted to control expression of up to 30-60% of all protein-coding genes in mammals. Considering this wide involvement in gene control, aberrant miRNA expression has a strong association with the presence and progression of a disease, hence generating much anticipation in using miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers. The majority of these miRNAs are intracellular, but recently they have been discovered in bodily fluids. This review will provide an insight into these circulatory miRNA molecules and discuss their potential as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Khoury
- School of Medical & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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150
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Yuan D, Li K, Zhu K, Yan R, Dang C. Plasma miR-183 predicts recurrence and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:268-75. [PMID: 25629978 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2014.1002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The prognosis for this cancer is poor, and the development of novel biomarkers, particularly non-invasive surrogate biomarkers, is urgently needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are stably detectable in the blood and can serve as useful biomarkers for various types of cancer. In this study, the miR-183 expression levels were found to be significantly overexpressed in plasma samples from CRC patients compared with controls, and the postoperative plasma miR-183 levels were significantly reduced compared with the preoperative levels. The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve obtained for miR-183 was 0.829, which was higher than those for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). High plasma miR-183 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, higher pTNM stage (III-IV), and tumor recurrence. CRC patients with elevated miR-183 expression in plasma displayed shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and lower overall survival (OS). More importantly, plasma miR-183 was independently correlated with tumor recurrence and a lower OS. Collectively, our results suggested that the elevated miR-183 in the plasma could be a promising biomarker for predicting the risk of tumor recurrence and poor survival in CRC patients.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under curve
- CA19–9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CI, confidence interval
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DFS, disease-free survival
- HR, hazard ratio
- MiR-183
- MiRNAs, microRNAs
- MicroRNA
- OS, overall survival
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- biomarker
- colorectal cancer
- pTNM, pathological tumor-node-metastasis
- plasma
- prognosis
- recurrence
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yuan
- a Department of Surgical Oncology ; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , China
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