101
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Shibuya M, Tamiya S, Kawai A, Yoshioka Y. Nasal-subcutaneous prime-boost regimen for inactivated whole-virus influenza vaccine efficiently protects mice against both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 554:166-172. [PMID: 33798943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although influenza vaccines are effective for reducing viral transmission and the severity of clinical symptoms, influenza viruses still induce considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Seasonal influenza viruses infect the upper respiratory tract initially but then often induce severe pulmonary complications in the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, influenza vaccines that prevent viral infection at both the upper and lower respiratory tracts are highly anticipated. Here, we examined whether using different vaccination routes for priming and boosting achieved protection in both regions of the respiratory tract. To this end, we used inactivated whole-virion influenza vaccines to immunize mice either subcutaneously or intranasally for both priming and boosting. Regardless of the route used for boosting, the levels of virus-specific IgG in plasma were higher in mice primed subcutaneously than those in control mice, which received PBS only. In addition, intranasal priming followed by subcutaneous boosting induced higher levels of virus-specific IgG in plasma than those in control mice. The levels of virus-specific nasal IgA were higher in mice that were primed intranasally than in control mice or in mice primed subcutaneously. Furthermore, intranasal priming but not subcutaneous priming provided protection against viral challenge in the upper respiratory tract. In addition, when coupled with subcutaneous boosting, both subcutaneous and intranasal priming protected against viral challenge in the lower respiratory tract. These results indicate that intranasal priming followed by subcutaneous boosting induces both virus-specific IgG in plasma and IgA in nasal washes and protects against virus challenge in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Our results will help to develop novel vaccines against influenza viruses and other respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meito Shibuya
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tamiya
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawai
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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102
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Chand DJ, Magiri RB, Wilson HL, Mutwiri GK. Polyphosphazenes as Adjuvants for Animal Vaccines and Other Medical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:625482. [PMID: 33763409 PMCID: PMC7982900 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.625482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes are a class of experimental adjuvants that have shown great versatility as vaccine adjuvants in many animal species ranging from laboratory rodents to large animal species. Their adjuvant activity has shown promising results with numerous viral and bacterial antigens, as well as with crude and purified antigens. Vaccines adjuvanted with polyphosphazenes can be delivered via systemic and mucosal administration including respiratory, oral, rectal, and intravaginal routes. Polyphosphazenes can be used in combination with other adjuvants, further enhancing immune responses to antigens. The mechanisms of action of polyphosphazenes have not fully been defined, but several systematic studies have suggested that they act primarily by activating innate immunity. In the present review, we will highlight progress in the development of polyphosphazenes as adjuvants in animals and their other medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Chand
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Royford B Magiri
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Nausori, Fiji
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - George K Mutwiri
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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103
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Ratnapriya S, Perez-Greene E, Schifanella L, Herschhorn A. Adjuvant-mediated enhancement of the immune response to HIV vaccines. FEBS J 2021; 289:3317-3334. [PMID: 33705608 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition will likely require an effective vaccine that elicits antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs), which are the sole target of neutralizing antibodies and a main focus of vaccine development. Adjuvants have been widely used to augment the magnitude and longevity of the adaptive immune responses to immunizations with HIV-1 Envs and to guide the development of specific immune responses. Here, we review the adjuvants that have been used in combination with HIV-1 Envs in several preclinical and human clinical trials in recent years. We summarize the interactions between the HIV-1 Envs and adjuvants, and highlight the routes of vaccine administration for various formulations. We then discuss the use of combinations of different adjuvants, the potential effect of adjuvants on the elicitation of antibodies enriched in somatic hypermutation and containing long complementarity-determining region 3 of the antibody heavy chain, and the elicitation of non-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ratnapriya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eva Perez-Greene
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,The College of Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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104
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Kim J, Eygeris Y, Gupta M, Sahay G. Self-assembled mRNA vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:83-112. [PMID: 33400957 PMCID: PMC7837307 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have evolved from being a mere curiosity to emerging as COVID-19 vaccine front-runners. Recent advancements in the field of RNA technology, vaccinology, and nanotechnology have generated interest in delivering safe and effective mRNA therapeutics. In this review, we discuss design and self-assembly of mRNA vaccines. Self-assembly, a spontaneous organization of individual molecules, allows for design of nanoparticles with customizable properties. We highlight the materials commonly utilized to deliver mRNA, their physicochemical characteristics, and other relevant considerations, such as mRNA optimization, routes of administration, cellular fate, and immune activation, that are important for successful mRNA vaccination. We also examine the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines currently in clinical trials. mRNA vaccines are ready for the clinic, showing tremendous promise in the COVID-19 vaccine race, and have pushed the boundaries of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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105
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Pollet J, Chen WH, Strych U. Recombinant protein vaccines, a proven approach against coronavirus pandemics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:71-82. [PMID: 33421475 PMCID: PMC7788321 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the COVID-19 pandemic now ongoing for close to a year, people all over the world are still waiting for a vaccine to become available. The initial focus of accelerated global research and development efforts to bring a vaccine to market as soon as possible was on novel platform technologies that promised speed but had limited history in the clinic. In contrast, recombinant protein vaccines, with numerous examples in the clinic for many years, missed out on the early wave of investments from government and industry. Emerging data are now surfacing suggesting that recombinant protein vaccines indeed might offer an advantage or complement to the nucleic acid or viral vector vaccines that will likely reach the clinic faster. Here, we summarize the current public information on the nature and on the development status of recombinant subunit antigens and adjuvants targeting SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Pollet
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Houston, TX, United States of America.
| | - Wen-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Houston, TX, United States of America
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106
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Pushparajah D, Jimenez S, Wong S, Alattas H, Nafissi N, Slavcev RA. Advances in gene-based vaccine platforms to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:113-141. [PMID: 33422546 PMCID: PMC7789827 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The novel betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has spread across the globe at an unprecedented rate since its first emergence in Wuhan City, China in December 2019. Scientific communities around the world have been rigorously working to develop a potent vaccine to combat COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), employing conventional and novel vaccine strategies. Gene-based vaccine platforms based on viral vectors, DNA, and RNA, have shown promising results encompassing both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in previous studies, supporting their implementation for COVID-19 vaccine development. In fact, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently authorized the emergency use of two RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. We review current gene-based vaccine candidates proceeding through clinical trials, including their antigenic targets, delivery vehicles, and route of administration. Important features of previous gene-based vaccine developments against other infectious diseases are discussed in guiding the design and development of effective vaccines against COVID-19 and future derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Pushparajah
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Salma Jimenez
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener N2G 1C5, Canada; Theraphage, 151 Charles St W Suite # 199, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1H6, Canada
| | - Shirley Wong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Hibah Alattas
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Nafissi
- Mediphage Bioceuticals, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1300, Toronto, ON, M5G 0B7, Canada
| | - Roderick A Slavcev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener N2G 1C5, Canada; Mediphage Bioceuticals, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1300, Toronto, ON, M5G 0B7, Canada; Theraphage, 151 Charles St W Suite # 199, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1H6, Canada.
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107
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Singh R, Kang A, Luo X, Jeyanathan M, Gillgrass A, Afkhami S, Xing Z. COVID-19: Current knowledge in clinical features, immunological responses, and vaccine development. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21409. [PMID: 33577115 PMCID: PMC7898934 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002662r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded to be the most challenging global health crisis in a century. In 11 months since its first emergence, according to WHO, the causative infectious agent SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 100 million people and claimed more than 2.15 million lives worldwide. Moreover, the world has raced to understand the virus and natural immunity and to develop vaccines. Thus, within a short 11 months a number of highly promising COVID-19 vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed and are now being deployed via emergency use authorization for immunization. Although a considerable number of review contributions are being published, all of them attempt to capture only a specific aspect of COVID-19 or its therapeutic approaches based on ever-expanding information. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview to conceptually thread together the latest information on global epidemiology and mitigation strategies, clinical features, viral pathogenesis and immune responses, and the current state of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Singh
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Alisha Kang
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Xiangqian Luo
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Department of Pediatric OtolaryngologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Amy Gillgrass
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
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108
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Chaudhari R, Tandel N, Sahu K, Negi S, Bashir H, Rupareliya A, Mishra RPN, Dalai SK, Tyagi RK. Transdermal Immunization of Elastic Liposome-Laden Recombinant Chimeric Fusion Protein of P. falciparum ( PfMSP-Fu 24) Mounts Protective Immune Response. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:406. [PMID: 33562617 PMCID: PMC7914931 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal immunization exhibits poor immunogenic responses due to poor permeability of antigens through the skin. Elastic liposomes, the ultradeformable nanoscale lipid vesicles, overcome the permeability issues and prove a versatile nanocarrier for transcutaneous delivery of protein, peptide, and nucleic acid antigens. Elastic liposome-mediated subcutaneous delivery of chimeric fusion protein (PfMSP-Fu24) of Plasmodium falciparum exhibited improved immunogenic responses. Elastic liposomes-mediated immunization of PfMSP-Fu24 conferred immunity to the asexual blood-stage infection. Present study is an attempt to compare the protective immune response mounted by the PfMSP-Fu24 upon administered through transdermal and intramuscular routes. Humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) response elicited by topical and intramuscularly administered PfMSP-Fu24-laden elastic liposomes (EL-PfMSP-Fu24) were compared and normalized with the vehicle control. Sizeable immune responses were seen with the transcutaneously immunized EL-PfMSP-Fu24 and compared with those elicited with intramuscularly administered antigen. Our results show significant IgG isotype subclass (IgG1and IgG3) response of specific antibody levels as well as cell-mediated immunity (CMI) activating factor (IFN-γ), a crucial player in conferring resistance to blood-stage malaria in mice receiving EL-PfMSP-Fu24 through transdermal route as compared to the intramuscularly administered formulation. Heightened immune response obtained by the vaccination of EL-PfMSP-Fu24 was complemented by the quantification of the transcript (mRNA) levels cell-mediated (IFN-γ, IL-4), and regulatory immune response (IL-10) in the lymph nodes and spleen. Collectively, elastic liposomes prove their immune-adjuvant property as they evoke sizeable and perdurable immune response against PfMSP-Fu24 and justify its potential for the improved vaccine delivery to inducing both humoral and CM immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chaudhari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (R.C.); (N.T.); (A.R.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (R.C.); (N.T.); (A.R.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Kiran Sahu
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab., CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India; (K.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Sushmita Negi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab., CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India; (K.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Hilal Bashir
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India;
| | - Arzu Rupareliya
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (R.C.); (N.T.); (A.R.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Ravi PN Mishra
- BERPDC Department, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India;
| | - Sarat K. Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (R.C.); (N.T.); (A.R.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab., CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India; (K.S.); (S.N.)
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109
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Strizova Z, Smetanova J, Bartunkova J, Milota T. Principles and Challenges in anti-COVID-19 Vaccine Development. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:339-349. [PMID: 33524979 PMCID: PMC7900461 DOI: 10.1159/000514225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients keeps rising in most of the European countries despite the pandemic precaution measures. The current antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches are only supportive, have limited efficacy, and the prevention in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus is the best hope for public health. It is presumed that an effective vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection could mobilize the innate and adaptive immune responses and provide a protection against severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. As the race for the effective and safe vaccine has begun, different strategies were introduced. To date, viral vector-based vaccines, genetic vaccines, attenuated vaccines, and protein-based vaccines are the major vaccine types tested in the clinical trials. Over 80 clinical trials have been initiated; however, only 18 vaccines have reached the clinical phase II/III or III, and 4 vaccine candidates are under consideration or have been approved for the use so far. In addition, the protective effect of the off-target vaccines, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and measles vaccine, is being explored in randomized prospective clinical trials with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. In this review, we discuss the most promising anti-COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials and different vaccination strategies in order to provide more clarity into the ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka Smetanova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Milota
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia,
- Department of Paediatric and Adult Rheumatology, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia,
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110
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Hossain MK, Ahmed T, Bhusal P, Subedi RK, Salahshoori I, Soltani M, Hassanzadeganroudsari M. Microneedle Systems for Vaccine Delivery: the story so far. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 19:1153-1166. [PMID: 33427523 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1874928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine delivery via a microneedle (MN) system has been identified as a potential alternative to conventional vaccine delivery. MN can be self-administered, is pain-free and is capable of producing superior immunogenicity. Over the last few decades, significant research has been carried out in this area, and this review aims to provide a comprehensive picture on the progress of this delivery platform. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the potential role of skin as a vaccine delivery route using a microneedle system, examines recent advancements in microneedle fabrication techniques, and provides an update on potential preclinical and clinical studies on vaccine delivery through microneedle systems against various infectious diseases. Articles for the review study were searched electronically in PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using specific keywords to cover the scope of the article. The advanced search strategy was employed to identify the most relevant articles. EXPERT OPINION A significant number of MN mediated vaccine candidates have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical trials. The recent emergence of cleanroom free, 3D or additive manufacturing of MN systems and stability, together with the dose-sparing capacity of the Nanopatch® system, have made this platform, commercially, highly lucrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamal Hossain
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Taksim Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prabhat Bhusal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago , Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Iman Salahshoori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Hassanzadeganroudsari
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
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111
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Bruxelle JF, Trattnig N, Mureithi MW, Landais E, Pantophlet R. HIV-1 Entry and Prospects for Protecting against Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020228. [PMID: 33499233 PMCID: PMC7911371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) establishes a latent viral reservoir soon after infection, which poses a major challenge for drug treatment and curative strategies. Many efforts are therefore focused on blocking infection. To this end, both viral and host factors relevant to the onset of infection need to be considered. Given that HIV-1 is most often transmitted mucosally, strategies designed to protect against infection need to be effective at mucosal portals of entry. These strategies need to contend also with cell-free and cell-associated transmitted/founder (T/F) virus forms; both can initiate and establish infection. This review will discuss how insight from the current model of HIV-1 mucosal transmission and cell entry has highlighted challenges in developing effective strategies to prevent infection. First, we examine key viral and host factors that play a role in transmission and infection. We then discuss preventive strategies based on antibody-mediated protection, with emphasis on targeting T/F viruses and mucosal immunity. Lastly, we review treatment strategies targeting viral entry, with focus on the most clinically advanced entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.-F.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marianne W. Mureithi
- KAVI—Institute of Clinical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, Nairobi 19676–00202, Kenya;
| | - Elise Landais
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.-F.B.); (R.P.)
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112
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Lymphoid follicle antigen (Ag) delivery and enhanced rodent humoral immune responses mediated by Ag-containing PEGylated liposomes. Vaccine 2021; 39:1131-1139. [PMID: 33478792 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antigen (Ag) delivery to lymphoid follicles is important in achieving adaptive immunity. We recently developed a novel two-step Ag delivery system that efficiently induces cellular immune responses to Ags in mice by using priming intravenous (i.v.) injections of empty PEGylated liposomes (PEG-Lip) followed 3 days later by Ag-entrapped PEG-Lip (Ag-PEG-lip). In this study, we looked for humoral immune responses in rats and mice with IgG production specific to the encapsulated Ags. We observed that initial i.v. injections of empty PEG-Lip triggered accumulation of subsequent doses ovalbumin-PEG-Lip (OVA-PEG-lip) in splenic follicles and enhanced IgG production against OVA in both rats and mice. Anti-OVA IgG production was diminished by inhibition of splenic follicular accumulation of OVA-PEG-Lip by fingolimod (FTY720), which inhibits lymphocyte egress from lymphoid tissues. Thisindicates that the follicular accumulation of Ags that we observed is an indispensable and unique step in the production of anti-OVA IgG. Interestingly, in BALB/c nude mice, which are T cell deficient, a high follicular accumulation of OVA-PEG-Lip was observed, but anti-OVA IgG production was not observed. This suggests that T cells are also indispensable for the induction of cellular immune responses by our two-step immunization procedure. Our unique Ag delivery platform, which efficiently delivers Ags to splenic follicles, may be a useful technique for the enhancement of cellular immunity, as well as humoral immunity. Further experimental evaluation should be undertaken in relevant animal models in order for efficacy, safety and immunological correlates to be determined.
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113
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Yang J, Zhao C, Lim J, Zhao L, Tourneau RL, Zhang Q, Dobson D, Joshi S, Pang J, Zhang X, Pal S, Andreou C, Zhang H, Kircher MF, Schmitthenner H. Structurally symmetric near-infrared fluorophore IRDye78-protein complex enables multimodal cancer imaging. Theranostics 2021; 11:2534-2549. [PMID: 33456558 PMCID: PMC7806473 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Most contemporary cancer therapeutic paradigms involve initial imaging as a treatment roadmap, followed by the active engagement of surgical operations. Current approved intraoperative contrast agents exemplified by indocyanine green (ICG) have a few drawbacks including the inability of pre-surgical localization. Alternative near-infrared (NIR) dyes including IRDye800cw are being explored in advanced clinical trials but often encounter low chemical yields and complex purifications owing to the asymmetric synthesis. A single contrast agent with ease of synthesis that works in multiple cancer types and simultaneously allows presurgical imaging, intraoperative deep-tissue three-dimensional visualization, and high-speed microscopic visualization of tumor margins via spatiotemporally complementary modalities would be beneficial. Methods: Due to the lack of commercial availability and the absence of detailed synthesis and characterization, we proposed a facile and scalable synthesis pathway for the symmetric NIR water-soluble heptamethine sulfoindocyanine IRDye78. The synthesis can be accomplished in four steps from commercially-available building blocks. Its symmetric resonant structure avoided asymmetric synthesis problems while still preserving the benefits of analogous IRDye800cw with commensurable optical properties. Next, we introduced a low-molecular-weight protein alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) as the carrier that effectively modulates the hepatic clearance of IRDye78 into the preferred renal excretion pathway. We further implemented 89Zr radiolabeling onto the protein scaffold for positron emission tomography (PET). The multimodal imaging capability of the fluorophore-protein complex was validated in breast cancer and glioblastoma. Results: The scalable synthesis resulted in high chemical yields, typically 95% yield in the final step of the chloro dye. Chemical structures of intermediates and the final fluorophore were confirmed. Asymmetric IRDye78 exhibited comparable optical features as symmetric IRDye800cw. Its well-balanced quantum yield affords concurrent dual fluorescence and optoacoustic contrast without self-quenching nor concentration-dependent absorption. The NHS ester functionality modulates efficient covalent coupling to reactive side-chain amines to the protein carrier, along with desferrioxamine (DFO) for stable radiolabeling of 89Zr. The fluorophore-protein complex advantageously shifted the biodistribution and can be effectively cleared through the urinary pathway. The agent accumulates in tumors and enables triple-modal visualization in mouse xenograft models of both breast and brain cancers. Conclusion: This study described in detail a generalized strategic modulation of clearance routes towards the favorable renal clearance, via the introduction of α-LA. IRDye78 as a feasible alternative of IRDye800cw currently in clinical phases was proposed with a facile synthesis and fully characterized for the first time. This fluorophore-protein complex with stable radiolabeling should have great potential for clinical translation where it could enable an elegant workflow from preoperative planning to intraoperative deep tissue and high-resolution image-guided resection.
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114
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Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Respiratory viral infections in the elderly. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 15:1753466621995050. [PMID: 33749408 PMCID: PMC7989115 DOI: 10.1177/1753466621995050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the global over 60-year-old population predicted to more than double over the next 35 years, caring for this aging population has become a major global healthcare challenge. In 2016 there were over 1 million deaths in >70 year olds due to lower respiratory tract infections; 13-31% of these have been reported to be caused by viruses. Since then, there has been a global COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused over 2.3 million deaths so far; increased age has been shown to be the biggest risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Thus, the burden of respiratory viral infections in the elderly is becoming an increasing unmet clinical need. Particular challenges are faced due to the interplay of a variety of factors including complex multimorbidities, decreased physiological reserve and an aging immune system. Moreover, their atypical presentation of symptoms may lead to delayed necessary care, prescription of additional drugs and prolonged hospital stay. This leads to morbidity and mortality and further nosocomial spread. Clinicians currently have limited access to sensitive detection methods. Furthermore, a lack of effective antiviral treatments means there is little incentive to diagnose and record specific non-COVID-19 viral infections. To meet this unmet clinical need, it is first essential to fully understand the burden of respiratory viruses in the elderly. Doing this through prospective screening research studies for all respiratory viruses will help guide preventative policies and clinical trials for emerging therapeutics. The implementation of multiplex point-of-care diagnostics as a mainstay in all healthcare settings will be essential to understand the burden of respiratory viruses, diagnose patients and monitor outbreaks. The further development of novel targeted vaccinations as well as anti-viral therapeutics and new ways to augment the aging immune system is now also essential.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Watson
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton University, Mailpoint 810, Level F, South Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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115
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A single dose of recombinant VSV-∆G-spike vaccine provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6402. [PMID: 33328475 PMCID: PMC7745033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 imposes an urgent need for rapid development of an efficient and cost-effective vaccine, suitable for mass immunization. Here, we show the development of a replication competent recombinant VSV-∆G-spike vaccine, in which the glycoprotein of VSV is replaced by the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. In-vitro characterization of this vaccine indicates the expression and presentation of the spike protein on the viral membrane with antigenic similarity to SARS-CoV-2. A golden Syrian hamster in-vivo model for COVID-19 is implemented. We show that a single-dose vaccination results in a rapid and potent induction of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, vaccination protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, as demonstrated by the abrogation of body weight loss, and alleviation of the extensive tissue damage and viral loads in lungs and nasal turbinates. Taken together, we suggest the recombinant VSV-∆G-spike as a safe, efficacious and protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Here, the authors generate a replication-competent VSV based vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and show protection in the hamster model with one dose. Analysis of the antibody response in mice shows induction of neutralizing antibodies and suggests a desirable Th1-biased response to the vaccine.
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116
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Teixeira AF, Cavenague MF, Kochi LT, Fernandes LG, Souza GO, de Souza Filho AF, Vasconcellos SA, Heinemann MB, Nascimento ALTO. Immunoprotective Activity Induced by Leptospiral Outer Membrane Proteins in Hamster Model of Acute Leptospirosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568694. [PMID: 33193344 PMCID: PMC7662565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution, affecting both humans and animals. The development of an effective vaccine against leptospirosis has long been pursued but without success. Humans are contaminated after direct contact with the urine of infected animals or indirectly by contaminated water or soil. The vaccines available consist of inactivated whole-bacterial cells, and the active immunoprotective antigen is the lipopolysaccharide moiety, which is also the basis for serovar classification. However, these vaccines are short-lasting, and protection is only against serovars contained in the preparation. The search for prevalent antigens, present in pathogenic species of Leptospira, represents the most cost-effective strategy for prevention of leptospirosis. Thus, the identification of these antigens is a priority. In this study, we examined the immunoprotective effect of eight leptospiral recombinant proteins using hamster as the challenge model. Animals received subcutaneously two doses of vaccine containing 50 μg of each recombinant protein adsorbed on alum adjuvant. Two weeks after the booster, animals were challenged with virulent leptospires and monitored for 21 days. All proteins were able to induce a specific immune response, although significant protective effects on survival rate were observed only for the proteins Lsa14, rLIC13259, and rLIC11711. Of these, only rLIC13259 and rLIC11711 were found to be highly prospective in promoting renal clearance. The sterilizing potential of both proteins will be further investigated to elucidate the immunoprotective mechanisms involved in leptospirosis control. These are the first proteins involved with human complement components with the capacity to protect against virulent challenge and to eliminate the bacteria from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F Teixeira
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F Cavenague
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro T Kochi
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis G Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele O Souza
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio A Vasconcellos
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L T O Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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117
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Brar G, Farhat NA, Sukhina A, Lam AK, Kim YH, Hsu T, Tong L, Lin WW, Ware CF, Blackman MA, Sun R, Wu TT. Deletion of immune evasion genes provides an effective vaccine design for tumor-associated herpesviruses. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:102. [PMID: 33298958 PMCID: PMC7644650 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines based on live attenuated viruses often induce broad, multifaceted immune responses. However, they also usually sacrifice immunogenicity for attenuation. It is particularly difficult to elicit an effective vaccine for herpesviruses due to an armament of immune evasion genes and a latent phase. Here, to overcome the limitation of attenuation, we developed a rational herpesvirus vaccine in which viral immune evasion genes were deleted to enhance immunogenicity while also attaining safety. To test this vaccine strategy, we utilized murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) as a proof-of-concept model for the cancer-associated human γ-herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. We engineered a recombinant MHV-68 virus by targeted inactivation of viral antagonists of type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway and deletion of the latency locus responsible for persistent infection. This recombinant virus is highly attenuated with no measurable capacity for replication, latency, or persistence in immunocompetent hosts. It stimulates robust innate immunity, differentiates virus-specific memory T cells, and elicits neutralizing antibodies. A single vaccination affords durable protection that blocks the establishment of latency following challenge with the wild type MHV-68 for at least six months post-vaccination. These results provide a framework for effective vaccination against cancer-associated herpesviruses through the elimination of latency and key immune evasion mechanisms from the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Brar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nisar A Farhat
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alisa Sukhina
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alex K Lam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yong Hoon Kim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tiffany Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Leming Tong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wai Wai Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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118
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Pereira P, Benninghoff B, Moerman L. Systematic literature review on the safety and immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccines when co-administered with meningococcal vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2861-2872. [PMID: 32298219 PMCID: PMC7746238 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1739485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to review the published evidence on safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of rotavirus vaccines when co-administered with meningococcal vaccines in infants. A systematic literature search was performed in four databases containing peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts. In total, twelve articles were included in the review; 11 provided information on safety and five on the immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccines following co-administration. No paper was found on efficacy. Additional routine vaccines were administered in all studies. The safety analysis was mainly focused on fever, vomiting, diarrhea, intussusception, and changes in eating habits. Overall, safety profiles and immune responses associated with rotavirus vaccination were comparable between infants co-administered with rotavirus and meningococcal vaccines and infants receiving rotavirus vaccines without meningococcal vaccines. Although data are limited, co-administration of rotavirus and meningococcal vaccines does not appear to interfere with the safety or immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccines.
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119
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Chung YH, Beiss V, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 Vaccine Frontrunners and Their Nanotechnology Design. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12522-12537. [PMID: 33034449 PMCID: PMC7553041 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Humanity is experiencing a catastrophic pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally to cause significant morbidity and mortality, and there still remain unknowns about the biology and pathology of the virus. Even with testing, tracing, and social distancing, many countries are struggling to contain SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 will only be suppressible when herd immunity develops, either because of an effective vaccine or if the population has been infected and is resistant to reinfection. There is virtually no chance of a return to pre-COVID-19 societal behavior until there is an effective vaccine. Concerted efforts by physicians, academic laboratories, and companies around the world have improved detection and treatment and made promising early steps, developing many vaccine candidates at a pace that has been unmatched for prior diseases. As of August 11, 2020, 28 of these companies have advanced into clinical trials with Moderna, CanSino, the University of Oxford, BioNTech, Sinovac, Sinopharm, Anhui Zhifei Longcom, Inovio, Novavax, Vaxine, Zydus Cadila, Institute of Medical Biology, and the Gamaleya Research Institute having moved beyond their initial safety and immunogenicity studies. This review analyzes these frontrunners in the vaccine development space and delves into their posted results while highlighting the role of the nanotechnologies applied by all the vaccine developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
| | - Steven N. Fiering
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth
College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United
States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center,
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766,
United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
- Department of Radiology, University of
California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
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120
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Ye T, Zhong Z, García‐Sastre A, Schotsaert M, De Geest BG. Current Status of COVID-19 (Pre)Clinical Vaccine Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18885-18897. [PMID: 32663348 PMCID: PMC7405471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has a tremendous impact on daily life world-wide. Despite the ability to dampen the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the diseases, through restrictive interventions, it is believed that only effective vaccines will provide sufficient control over the disease and revert societal live back to normal. At present, a double-digit number of efforts are devoted to the development of a vaccine against COVID-19. Here, we provide an overview of these (pre)clinical efforts and provide background information on the technologies behind these vaccines. In addition, we discuss potential hurdles that need to be addressed prior to mass scale clinical translation of successful vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Department of PharmaceuticsGhent UniversityBelgium
| | - Zifu Zhong
- Department of PharmaceuticsGhent UniversityBelgium
| | - Adolfo García‐Sastre
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- The Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
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121
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Hsu CW, Chang MH, Chang HW, Wu TY, Chang YC. Parenterally Administered Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Formulated with CCL25/28 Chemokines Induces Systemic and Mucosal Immune Protectivity in Pigs. Viruses 2020; 12:E1122. [PMID: 33023277 PMCID: PMC7600258 DOI: 10.3390/v12101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of a safe, economical, and effective vaccine capable of inducing mucosal immunity is critical for the development of vaccines against enteric viral diseases. In the current study, virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E) structural proteins of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) expressed by the novel polycistronic baculovirus expression vector were generated. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the PEDV VLPs formulated with or without mucosal adjuvants of CCL25 and CCL28 (CCL25/28) were evaluated in post-weaning pigs. While pigs intramuscularly immunized with VLPs alone were capable of eliciting systemic anti-PEDV S-specific IgG and cellular immunity, co-administration of PEDV VLPs with CCL25/28 could further modulate the immune responses by enhancing systemic anti-PEDV S-specific IgG, mucosal IgA, and cellular immunity. Upon challenge with PEDV, both VLP-immunized groups showed milder clinical signs with reduced fecal viral shedding as compared to the control group. Furthermore, pigs immunized with VLPs adjuvanted with CCL25/28 showed superior immune protection against PEDV. Our results suggest that VLPs formulated with CCL25/28 may serve as a potential PEDV vaccine candidate and the same strategy may serve as a platform for the development of other enteric viral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-W.H.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Ming-Hao Chang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-W.H.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Tzong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-W.H.); (H.-W.C.)
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122
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Zeng C, Hou X, Yan J, Zhang C, Li W, Zhao W, Du S, Dong Y. Leveraging mRNA Sequences and Nanoparticles to Deliver SARS-CoV-2 Antigens In Vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020. [PMID: 32875709 DOI: 10.1002/adma.v32.4010.1002/adma.202004452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic worldwide; therefore, an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Recently, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have emerged as a promising platform for vaccination. In this work, the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs are systematically engineered in order to enhance protein production. Through a comprehensive analysis of endogenous gene expression and de novo design of UTRs, the optimal combination of 5' and 3' UTR are identified and termed NASAR, which are 5- to 10-fold more efficient than the tested endogenous UTRs. More importantly, NASAR mRNAs delivered by lipid-derived TT3 nanoparticles trigger a dramatic expression of potential SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The antigen-specific antibodies induced by TT3-nanoparticles and NASAR mRNAs are over two orders of magnitude more than that induced by the FDA-approved lipid nanoparticle material MC3 in vaccinated mice. These NASAR mRNAs merit further development as alternative SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Zeng
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chengxiang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wenqing Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Weiyu Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Zeng C, Hou X, Yan J, Zhang C, Li W, Zhao W, Du S, Dong Y. Leveraging mRNA Sequences and Nanoparticles to Deliver SARS-CoV-2 Antigens In Vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004452. [PMID: 32875709 PMCID: PMC8191860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic worldwide; therefore, an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Recently, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have emerged as a promising platform for vaccination. In this work, the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs are systematically engineered in order to enhance protein production. Through a comprehensive analysis of endogenous gene expression and de novo design of UTRs, the optimal combination of 5' and 3' UTR are identified and termed NASAR, which are 5- to 10-fold more efficient than the tested endogenous UTRs. More importantly, NASAR mRNAs delivered by lipid-derived TT3 nanoparticles trigger a dramatic expression of potential SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The antigen-specific antibodies induced by TT3-nanoparticles and NASAR mRNAs are over two orders of magnitude more than that induced by the FDA-approved lipid nanoparticle material MC3 in vaccinated mice. These NASAR mRNAs merit further development as alternative SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Zeng
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chengxiang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wenqing Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Weiyu Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Shemesh CS, Hsu JC, Hosseini I, Shen BQ, Rotte A, Twomey P, Girish S, Wu B. Personalized Cancer Vaccines: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities. Mol Ther 2020; 29:555-570. [PMID: 33038322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous innovation is underway among a rapidly expanding repertoire of promising personalized immune-based treatments. Therapeutic cancer vaccines (TCVs) are attractive systemic immunotherapies that activate and expand antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Our review highlights key issues impacting TCVs in clinical practice and reports on progress in development. We review the mechanism of action, immune-monitoring, dosing strategies, combinations, obstacles, and regulation of cancer vaccines. Most trials of personalized TCVs are ongoing and represent diverse platforms with predominantly early investigations of mRNA, DNA, or peptide-based targeting strategies against neoantigens in solid tumors, with many in combination immunotherapies. Multiple delivery systems, routes of administration, and dosing strategies are used. Intravenous or intramuscular administration is common, including delivery by lipid nanoparticles. Absorption and biodistribution impact antigen uptake, expression, and presentation, affecting the strength, speed, and duration of immune response. The emerging trials illustrate the complexity of developing this class of innovative immunotherapies. Methodical testing of the multiple potential factors influencing immune responses, as well as refined quantitative methodologies to facilitate optimal dosing strategies, could help resolve uncertainty of therapeutic approaches. To increase the likelihood of success in bringing these medicines to patients, several unique development challenges must be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby S Shemesh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Joy C Hsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Iraj Hosseini
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anand Rotte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Patrick Twomey
- Department of Product Development Safety, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sandhya Girish
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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125
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Tiwari S, Dutt TS, Chen B, Chen M, Kim J, Dai AZ, Lukose R, Shanley C, Fox A, Karger BR, Porcelli SA, Chan J, Podell BK, Obregon-Henao A, Orme IM, Jacobs WR, Henao-Tamayo M. BCG-Prime and boost with Esx-5 secretion system deletion mutant leads to better protection against clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccine 2020; 38:7156-7165. [PMID: 32978002 PMCID: PMC7755135 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although vaccination with BCG prevents disseminated forms of childhood tuberculosis (TB), it does not protect against pulmonary infection or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission. In this study, we generated a complete deletion mutant of the Mtb Esx-5 type VII secretion system (Mtb Δesx-5). Mtb Δesx-5 was highly attenuated and safe in immunocompromised mice. When tested as a vaccine candidate to boost BCG-primed immunity, Mtb Δesx-5 improved protection against highly virulent Mtb strains in the murine and guinea pig models of TB. Enhanced protection provided by heterologous BCG-prime plus Mtb Δesx-5 boost regimen was associated with increased pulmonary influx of central memory T cells (TCM), follicular helper T cells (TFH) and activated monocytes. Conversely, lower numbers of T cells expressing exhaustion markers were observed in vaccinated animals. Our results suggest that boosting BCG-primed immunity with Mtb Δesx-5 is a potential approach to improve protective immunity against Mtb. Further insight into the mechanism of action of this novel prime-boost approach is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
| | - Taru S Dutt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - John Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Annie Zhi Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Regy Lukose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Crystal Shanley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Amy Fox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Burton R Karger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - John Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Brendan K Podell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Andres Obregon-Henao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Ian M Orme
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - William R Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - Marcela Henao-Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
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Ye T, Zhong Z, García‐Sastre A, Schotsaert M, De Geest BG. Current Status of COVID‐19 (Pre)Clinical Vaccine Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics Ghent University Belgium
| | - Zifu Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics Ghent University Belgium
| | - Adolfo García‐Sastre
- Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 USA
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Badgujar KC, Badgujar VC, Badgujar SB. Vaccine development against coronavirus (2003 to present): An overview, recent advances, current scenario, opportunities and challenges. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1361-1376. [PMID: 32755836 PMCID: PMC7371592 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The pandemic COVID-19 occurring due to novel emerging coronavirus-2019 (SARS-CoV-2) is severely affecting the worldwide public health, culture, economy and human social behaviour. Till date, there is no approved medicine/treatment to cure COVID-19, whereas, vaccine development efforts are going on high priority. This review aimed to provide an overview of prior art, recent advances, vaccine designing strategies, current scenario, opportunities and challenges related to development of coronavirus vaccine. METHOD A literature survey was conducted using Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar with the search key as: coronavirus vaccine, SARS vaccine, MERS vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. Articles related to above search query were retrieved, sorted, analyzed and developed into an easy-to-understand review. RESULTS The genome phylogenetic analysis suggested that genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is almost 80% similar to that of SARS-CoV, further both these viruses bind to same host cell receptor ACE-2. Hence it is expected that, previously available literature data about coronavirus vaccine designing may play crucial role in development of rapid vaccine against COVID-19. In view of this, the present review discuss (i) existing information (from 2003 to present) about the type of vaccine, antigen, immunogenic response, animal model, route of administration, adjuvants and current scenario for designing of coronavirus vaccine (ii) potential factors and challenges related to rapid development of COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we discuss possible clues/ target sites for designing of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 virus based on prior-art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtikumar C Badgujar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Near SION Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, 400022, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vivek C Badgujar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Pratap College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Amalner, Dist Jalgaon, 425401, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shamkant B Badgujar
- Scientist, Laboratory of Native Antigens, Research and Development Division, Advy Chemical Private Limited, Thane, 400604, Maharashtra, India.
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Techawiwattanaboon T, Barnier-Quer C, Palaga T, Jacquet A, Collin N, Sangjun N, Komanee P, Patarakul K. A Comparison of Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Administration of LigA Subunit Vaccine Adjuvanted with Neutral Liposomal Formulation Containing Monophosphoryl Lipid A and QS21. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E494. [PMID: 32882903 PMCID: PMC7565420 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis vaccines with higher potency and reduced adverse effects are needed for human use. The carboxyl terminal domain of leptospiral immunoglobulin like protein A (LigAc) is currently the most promising candidate antigen for leptospirosis subunit vaccine. However, LigAc-based vaccines were unable to confer sterilizing immunity against Leptospira infection in animal models. Several factors including antigen properties, adjuvant, delivery system, and administration route need optimization to maximize vaccine efficacy. Our previous report demonstrated protective effects of the recombinant LigAc (rLigAc) formulated with liposome-based adjuvant, called LMQ (neutral liposome combined with monophosphoryl lipid A and Quillaja saponaria fraction 21) in hamsters. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two commonly used administration routes, intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC), on immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rLigAc-LMQ administrated three times at 2-week interval. Two IM vaccinations triggered significantly higher levels of total anti-rLigAc IgG than two SC injections. However, comparable IgG titers and IgG2/IgG1 ratio was observed for both routes after the third immunization. The route of vaccine administration did not influence the survival rate (60%) and renal colonization against lethal Leptospira challenge. Importantly, the kidneys of IM group showed no pathological lesions while the SC group showed mild damage. In conclusion, IM vaccination with rLigAc-LMQ not only elicited faster antibody production but also protected from kidney damage following leptospiral infection better than SC immunization. However, both tested routes did not influence protective efficacy in terms of survival rate and the level of renal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasit Techawiwattanaboon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Christophe Barnier-Quer
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory (VFL), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (C.B.-Q.); (N.C.)
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory (VFL), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (C.B.-Q.); (N.C.)
| | - Noppadon Sangjun
- Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Pat Komanee
- Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Kanitha Patarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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129
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Choi IJ, Na W, Kang A, Ahn MH, Yeom M, Kim HO, Lim JW, Choi SO, Baek SK, Song D, Park JH. Patchless administration of canine influenza vaccine on dog's ear using insertion-responsive microneedles (IRMN) without removal of hair and its in vivo efficacy evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:150-157. [PMID: 32544527 PMCID: PMC7293535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles provide the advantages of convenience and compliance by avoiding the pain and fear of needles that animals often experience. Insertion-responsive microneedles (IRMN) were used for administration to a hairy dog without removing the dog's hair. Canine H3N2 vaccine was administered with IRMN attached to the dog's ears ex vivo and the conventional microneedle system (MN) was administered for 15 min to compare puncture performance and delivery efficiency. The vaccine was also administered to compare antibody formation using IRMN with the use of intramuscular injection. The veterinarian observed the behavior of the dog during the course of the administration and compared the response to IRMN with that of intramuscular administration. The tips of IRMN were separated from the base and delivered into the hairy skin successfully. Puncture performance of IRMN were the same as that of coated microneedles (95%), but delivery efficiency of IRMN were 95% compared to less than 1% for coated microneedles. The H3N2 vaccine inoculated into the dog's ears showed the same antibody formation as the intramuscular injection. The dog appeared to be more comfortable with IRMN administration compared to syringe administration. IRMN are the first microneedle system to deliver a canine vaccine successfully into a hairy dog without removal of the dog's hair. The use of IRMN can provide both convenience and compliance for both the dog and the owner.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Choi
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine, Inc., Seongnam, #605, Building B14 Sagimakgol-ro, 45beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonsung Na
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejongro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Myun-Hwan Ahn
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine, Inc., Seongnam, #605, Building B14 Sagimakgol-ro, 45beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejongro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ouk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-O Choi
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine, Inc., Seongnam, #605, Building B14 Sagimakgol-ro, 45beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Baek
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine, Inc., Seongnam, #605, Building B14 Sagimakgol-ro, 45beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejongro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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130
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Lou G, Anderluzzi G, Schmidt ST, Woods S, Gallorini S, Brazzoli M, Giusti F, Ferlenghi I, Johnson RN, Roberts CW, O'Hagan DT, Baudner BC, Perrie Y. Delivery of self-amplifying mRNA vaccines by cationic lipid nanoparticles: The impact of cationic lipid selection. J Control Release 2020; 325:370-379. [PMID: 32619745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-amplifying RNA (SAM) represents a versatile tool that can be used to develop potent vaccines, potentially able to elicit strong antigen-specific humoral and cellular-mediated immune responses to virtually any infectious disease. To protect the SAM from degradation and achieve efficient delivery, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), particularly those based on ionizable amino-lipids, are commonly adopted. Herein, we compared commonly available cationic lipids, which have been broadly used in clinical investigations, as an alternative to ionizable lipids. To this end, a SAM vaccine encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) was used. The cationic lipids investigated included 3ß-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol (DC-Chol), dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DMTAP), 1,2-stearoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DSTAP) and N-(4-carboxybenzyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2,3-bis(oleoyloxy)propan-1-aminium (DOBAQ). Whilst all cationic LNP (cLNP) formulations promoted high association with cells in vitro, those formulations containing the fusogenic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) in combination with DOTAP or DDA were the most efficient at inducing antigen expression. Therefore, DOTAP and DDA formulations were selected for further in vivo studies and were compared to benchmark ionizable LNPs (iLNPs). Biodistribution studies revealed that DDA-cLNPs remained longer at the injection site compared to DOTAP-cLNPs and iLNPs when administered intramuscularly in mice. Both the cLNP formulations and the iLNPs induced strong humoral and cellular-mediated immune responses in mice that were not significantly different at a 1.5 µg SAM dose. In summary, cLNPs based on DOTAP and DDA are an efficient alternative to iLNPs to deliver SAM vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Anderluzzi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Stuart Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Craig W Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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131
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Oneko M, Cherop YR, Sang T, Gutman JR, Wiegand R, Nyang'au EM, Odila AD, Akach D, Hamel MJ, Samuels AM, Kariuki S, Abebe Y, Nzuu EL, Wijayalath W, James ER, Sim BKL, Billingsley PF, Richie TL, Hoffman SL, Seder RA, Steinhardt LC. Feasibility of direct venous inoculation of the radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum whole sporozoite vaccine in children and infants in Siaya, western Kenya. Vaccine 2020; 38:4592-4600. [PMID: 32444192 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PfSPZ Vaccine, composed of radiation-attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, is administered by direct venous inoculation (DVI) for maximal efficacy against malaria. A critical issue for advancing vaccines that are administered intravenously is the ability to efficiently administer them across multiple age groups. As part of a pediatric safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial in western Kenya, we evaluated the feasibility and tolerability of DVI, including ease of venous access, injection time, and crying during the procedure across age groups. Part 1 was an age de-escalation, dose escalation trial in children aged 13 months-5 years and infants aged 5-12 months; part 2 was a vaccine efficacy trial including only infants, using the most skilled injectors from part 1. Injectors could use a vein viewer, if needed. A total of 1222 injections (target 0.5 mL) were initiated by DVI in 511 participants (36 were 5-9-year-olds, 65 were 13-59-month-olds, and 410 infants). The complete volume was injected in 1185/1222 (97.0%) vaccinations, 1083/1185 (91.4%) achieved with the first DVI. 474/511 (92.8%) participants received only complete injections, 27/511 (5.3%) received at least one partial injection (<0.5 mL), and in 10/511 (2.0%) venous access was not obtained. The rate of complete injections by single DVI for infants improved from 77.1% in part 1 to 92.8% in part 2. No crying occurred in 51/59 (86.4%) vaccinations in 5-9-year-olds, 25/86 (29.1%) vaccinations in 13-59-month-olds and 172/1067 (16.1%) vaccinations in infants. Mean administration time ranged from 2.6 to 4.6 minutes and was longer for younger age groups. These data show that vaccination by DVI was feasible and well tolerated in infants and children in this rural hospital in western Kenya, when performed by skilled injectors. We also report that shipping and storage in liquid nitrogen vapor phase was simple and efficient. (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02687373).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oneko
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - Y R Cherop
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - T Sang
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - J R Gutman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R Wiegand
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E M Nyang'au
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - A D Odila
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - D Akach
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - M J Hamel
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A M Samuels
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Y Abebe
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - E L Nzuu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R A Seder
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L C Steinhardt
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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132
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Edelman R, Deming ME, Toapanta FR, Heuser MD, Chrisley L, Barnes RS, Wasserman SS, Blackwelder WC, Handwerger BS, Pasetti M, Siddiqui KM, Sztein MB. The SENIEUR protocol and the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in healthy elderly persons by age, gender, and vaccine route. Immun Ageing 2020; 17:9. [PMID: 32355503 PMCID: PMC7187507 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced response to hepatitis B vaccines is associated with aging, confounding and comorbid conditions, as well as inadvertent subcutaneous (SC) inoculation. We hypothesized that the antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses (T-CMI) of elderly adults to a vaccine intended for intramuscular (IM) administration would be attenuated when deposited into SC fat, independent of confounding conditions. RESULTS Fifty-two healthy, community dwelling elderly adults (65-82 years), seronegative for HBV, were enrolled in the SENIEUR protocol as a strictly healthy population. These seniors were randomized to receive a licensed alum-adjuvanted recombinant HBV vaccine either SC or IM, with the inoculum site verified by imaging. The response rates, defined as hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb) ≥10 IU/L, were significantly lower in the elderly than in young adults, a group of 12, healthy, 21-34-year-old volunteers. Moreover, elderly participants who received the vaccine IM were significantly more likely to be responders than those immunized SC (54% versus 16%, p = 0.008). The low seroconversion rate in the IM group progressively declined with increasing age, and responders had significantly lower HBsAb titers and limited isotype responses. Moreover, T-CMI (proliferation and cytokine production) were significantly reduced in both percentage of responders and intensity of the response for both Th1 and Th2 subsets in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the blunted immunogenicity of SC inoculation as measured by peak titers and response rates. Further, the qualitative and quantitative deficits in B- and T-CMI responses to primary alum adjuvanted protein antigens persisted even in strictly healthy elderly populations with verified IM placement compared to younger populations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04162223. Registered 14 November 2019. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Edelman
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Meagan E. Deming
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Franklin R. Toapanta
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mark D. Heuser
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Present Adress: Department of Veterans Affairs, Salisbury VA Health Care System, Salisbury, NC USA
| | - Lisa Chrisley
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Robin S. Barnes
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Steven S. Wasserman
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Present Adress: Office of Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - William C. Blackwelder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Barry S. Handwerger
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marcela Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Khan M. Siddiqui
- Imaging Informatics and Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging unit, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System Baltimore, Baltimore, MD USA
- Present Adress: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marcelo B. Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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133
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Zutshi S, Kumar S, Sarode A, Roy S, Sarkar A, Saha B. Leishmania major adenylate kinase immunization offers partial protection to a susceptible host. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12688. [PMID: 31797390 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania major causes mild-to-severe cutaneous lesions resulting in significant disfigurations, if untreated. The drugs are toxic, and drug-resistance parasites are emerging. Therefore, a prophylactic vaccination is an urgent need. As no vaccine is available, we compared the genes expressed by virulent and avirulent parasites. We identify L major adenylate kinase (AdeK) as a probable vaccine candidate after a series of experimentations. We cloned the gene in mammalian pcDNA6/HisA and pet28a+ vector for in vivo expression following immunization and in vitro protein expression for booster, respectively. We observed that immunization of susceptible BALB/c mice with AdeK resulted in significant protection against L major challenge infection. The protection was accompanied by increased IFN-γ producing lymphocytes and reduced IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 secreting central and effector Th2, Th17 and Treg memory cells, respectively. These observations indicate L major AdeK as a potential vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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134
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Zeng C, Hou X, Yan J, Zhang C, Li W, Zhao W, Du S, Dong Y. Leveraging mRNAs sequences to express SARS-CoV-2 antigens in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32511313 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.01.019877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly become a pandemic worldwide; therefore, an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Recently, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have emerged as a promising platform for vaccination. Here, we systematically investigated the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs in order to enhance protein production. Through a comprehensive analysis of endogenous gene expression and de novo design of UTRs, we identified the optimal combination of 5' and 3' UTR, termed as NASAR, which was five to ten-fold more efficient than the tested endogenous UTRs. More importantly, NASAR mRNAs delivered by lipid-derived nanoparticles showed dramatic expression of potential SARS-CoV-2 antigens both in vitro and in vivo. These NASAR mRNAs merit further development as alternative SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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135
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Bhowmick R, Bharti B, Kumar P, Saxena AK, Bharti S. Anterolateral thigh measurements by ultrasound in neonates and young infants to ensure safe intramuscular injections during vaccination in low- and middle-income countries. J Trop Pediatr 2020; 66:114-120. [PMID: 31237946 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of same length needle for intramuscularly administered vaccines had been reported to cause under-and over-penetration among infants due to their different body weights and underlying variations in the fat and muscle thickness. Normative data regarding thigh compartment thickness are, however, lacking among neonates and infants aged ≤12 weeks particularly in low- and middle-incoming countries with high burden of low birth weight/growth restricted infants. METHODS Present study investigated skin to muscle and skin to bone (STBD) distances of anterolateral thigh of babies (n = 300) aged ≤12 weeks (1-80 days) with different weight groups (<3 kg, 3-4 kg and >4 kg) by ultrasonography during their intramuscular vaccinations. RESULTS Overall, mean [standard deviation (SD)] STBD was 17.04 (2.66) mm with range of 10.60-23.30 mm. Stratifying by current body weight, mean (SD) STBD in infants weighing less than 3 kg was 14.39 (1.23) mm. For infants weighing between 3-4 kg and >4 kg, the mean (SD) STBD were 16.69 (1.43) mm and 17.04 (2.66) mm, respectively. Estimated safety (no risk of over-penetration) of 16 mm was observed in 57.33% (172) infants whereas 25 mm needle had 100% over-penetration risk in the study cohort. Current body weight of infants was a significant predictor of safe injection [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.95; 95% CI 0.92-0.97]. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers objective normative measurements of anterolateral thigh for safe intramuscular vaccination in young infants especially for low birth weight and growth restricted infants in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhowmick
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhavneet Bharti
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay K Saxena
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahul Bharti
- Build Healthy India Movement (NGO), Chandigarh, India
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136
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Characteristic of K3 (CpG-ODN) as a Transcutaneous Vaccine Formulation Adjuvant. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030267. [PMID: 32183437 PMCID: PMC7151019 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is easy to use, minimally invasive, and has excellent efficacy in vaccines against infections. We focused on toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands as applicable adjuvants for transcutaneous formulations and characterized immune responses. TCI was performed using poke-and-patch methods, in which puncture holes are formed with a polyglycolic acid microneedle on the back skin of mice. Various TLR ligands were applied to the puncture holes and covered with an ovalbumin-loaded hydrophilic gel patch. During the screening process, K3 (CpG-oligonucleotide) successfully produced more antigen-specific antibodies than other TLR ligands and induced T helper (Th) 1-type polarization. Transcutaneously administered K3 was detected in draining lymph nodes and was found to promote B cell activation and differentiation, suggesting a direct transcutaneous adjuvant activity on B cells. Furthermore, a human safety test of K3-loaded self-dissolving microneedles (sdMN) was performed. Although a local skin reaction was observed at the sdMN application site, there was no systemic side reaction. In summary, we report a K3-induced Th1-type immune response that is a promising adjuvant for transcutaneous vaccine formulations using MN and show that K3-loaded sdMN can be safely applied to human skin.
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137
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Santos FDS, Mazzoli A, Maia AR, Saggese A, Isticato R, Leite F, Iossa S, Ricca E, Baccigalupi L. A probiotic treatment increases the immune response induced by the nasal delivery of spore-adsorbed TTFC. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:42. [PMID: 32075660 PMCID: PMC7029466 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus genus are widely used probiotics known to exert their beneficial effects also through the stimulation of the host immune response. The oral delivery of B. toyonensis spores has been shown to improve the immune response to a parenterally administered viral antigen in mice, suggesting that probiotics may increase the efficiency of systemic vaccines. We used the C fragment of the tetanus toxin (TTFC) as a model antigen to evaluate whether a treatment with B. toyonensis spores affected the immune response to a mucosal antigen. Results Purified TTFC was given to mice by the nasal route either as a free protein or adsorbed to B. subtilis spores, a mucosal vaccine delivery system proved effective with several antigens, including TTFC. Spore adsorption was extremely efficient and TTFC was shown to be exposed on the spore surface. Spore-adsorbed TTFC was more efficient than the free antigen in inducing an immune response and the probiotic treatment improved the response, increasing the production of TTFC-specific secretory immunoglobin A (sIgA) and causing a faster production of serum IgG. The analysis of the induced cytokines indicated that also the cellular immune response was increased by the probiotic treatment. A 16S RNA-based analysis of the gut microbial composition did not show dramatic differences due to the probiotic treatment. However, the abundance of members of the Ruminiclostridium 6 genus was found to correlate with the increased immune response of animals immunized with the spore-adsorbed antigen and treated with the probiotic. Conclusion Our results indicate that B. toyonensis spores significantly contribute to the humoral and cellular responses elicited by a mucosal immunization with spore-adsorbed TTFC, pointing to the probiotic treatment as an alternative to the use of adjuvants for mucosal vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Denis S Santos
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Raquel Maia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anella Saggese
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rachele Isticato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Leite
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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138
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Molina-Franky J, Cuy-Chaparro L, Camargo A, Reyes C, Gómez M, Salamanca DR, Patarroyo MA, Patarroyo ME. Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine development. Malar J 2020; 19:56. [PMID: 32013956 PMCID: PMC6998842 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide strategies between 2010 and 2017 aimed at controlling malarial parasites (mainly Plasmodium falciparum) led to a reduction of just 18% regarding disease incidence rates. Many biologically-derived anti-malarial vaccine candidates have been developed to date; this has involved using many experimental animals, an immense amount of work and the investment of millions of dollars. This review provides an overview of the current state and the main results of clinical trials for sporozoite-targeting vaccines (i.e. the parasite stage infecting the liver) carried out by research groups in areas having variable malaria transmission rates. However, none has led to promising results regarding the effective control of the disease, thereby making it necessary to complement such efforts at finding/introducing new vaccine candidates by adopting a multi-epitope, multi-stage approach, based on minimal subunits of the main sporozoite proteins involved in the invasion of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Molina-Franky
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Cuy-Chaparro
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Anny Camargo
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - César Reyes
- PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Bogotá, Colombia.,3D Structures Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcela Gómez
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David Ricardo Salamanca
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia. .,Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Manuel Elkin Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia. .,Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
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139
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Tomar J, Tonnis WF, Patil HP, de boer AH, Hagedoorn P, Vanbever R, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WL. Pulmonary immunization: deposition site is of minor relevance for influenza vaccination but deep lung deposition is crucial for hepatitis B vaccination. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1231-1240. [PMID: 31867168 PMCID: PMC6900555 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination via the pulmonary route could be an attractive alternative to parenteral administration. Research towards the best site of antigen deposition within the lungs to induce optimal immune responses has conflicting results which might be dependent on the type of vaccine and/or its physical state. Therefore, in this study, we explored whether deep lung deposition is crucial for two different vaccines, i.e., influenza and hepatitis B vaccine. In view of this, influenza subunit vaccine and hepatitis B surface antigen were labeled with a fluorescent dye and then spray-dried. Imaging data showed that after pulmonary administration to mice the powders were deposited in the trachea/central airways when a commercially available insufflator was used while deep lung deposition was achieved when an in-house built aerosol generator was used. Immunogenicity studies revealed that comparable immune responses were induced upon trachea/central airways or deep lung targeting of dry influenza vaccine formulations. However, for hepatitis B vaccine, no immune responses were induced by trachea/central airways deposition whereas they were considerable after deep lung deposition. Thus, we conclude that deep lung targeting is not a critical parameter for the efficacy of pulmonary administered influenza vaccine whereas for hepatitis B vaccine it is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter F. Tonnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Harshad P. Patil
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Anne H. de boer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Hagedoorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Henderik W. Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter L.J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 050 363 2398.
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140
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Kydd JH, Hannant D, Robinson RS, Bryant N, Osterrieder N. Vaccination of foals with a modified live, equid herpesvirus-1 gM deletion mutant (RacHΔgM) confers partial protection against infection. Vaccine 2019; 38:388-398. [PMID: 31629571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory and neurological disease and late gestation abortion in pregnant mares. Current vaccines contain either inactivated or live EHV-1, but fail to provide complete clinical or virological protection, namely prevention of nasopharyngeal shedding and cell-associated viraemia. Thus, the development of novel products, such as modified live virus (MLV) vaccines which stimulate virus-specific, humoral and cell mediated immune responses more effectively remains a priority. Two groups of weaned foals (n = 6 each group) were used in a longitudinal, prospective, experimental study to evaluate immune responses elicited by two vaccinations with a glycoprotein M (gM) deletion mutant of EHV-1 (RacHdeltagM). Following two concurrent intranasal and intramuscular inoculations six weeks apart, vaccinated (8.4 ± 0.2 months old) and control foals (6.2 ± 0.4 months) were challenge infected intranasally with EHV-1 Ab4/8 four weeks after the second vaccination and clinical signs and virological replication measured. Vaccination caused no adverse events, but did stimulate significantly higher complement fixing and virus neutralizing antibodies in serum compared with control foals at either equivalent or pre-vaccination time points. Virus-specific nasopharyngeal antibody levels and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were not significantly different between the groups. Following challenge infection, these immune responses were associated with a reduction in clinical signs and virological replication in the vaccinated foals, including a reduction in duration and magnitude of pyrexia, nasopharyngeal shedding and cell-associated viraemia. We conclude that the RacHΔgM MLV primed EHV-1-specific humoral immune responses in weaned foals. However, complete virological protection by vaccination against EHV-1 requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Kydd
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Hannant
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S Robinson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Bryant
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaus Osterrieder
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Robert von Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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141
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Zoulim F, Fournier C, Habersetzer F, Sprinzl M, Pol S, Coffin CS, Leroy V, Ma M, Wedemeyer H, Lohse AW, Thimme R, Lugardon K, Martin P, Bastien B, Sansas B, Adda N, Halluard C, Bendjama K, Brandely M, Inchauspé G. Safety and immunogenicity of the therapeutic vaccine TG1050 in chronic hepatitis B patients: a phase 1b placebo-controlled trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:388-399. [PMID: 31373537 PMCID: PMC7158919 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1651141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) typically requires life-long administration of drugs. Cohort and pre-clinical studies have established the link between a functional T-cell-mounted immunity and resolution of infection. TG1050 is an adenovirus 5-based vaccine that expresses HBV polymerase and domains of core and surface antigen and has shown immunogenicity and antiviral effects in mice. We performed a phase 1 clinical trial to assess safety and explore immunogenicity and early efficacy of TG1050 in CHB patients. This randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study included two sequential phases: one single dose cohort (SD, n = 12) and one multiple (3) doses cohort (MD, n = 36). Patients, virally suppressed under nucleoside(d)tide analog NUC therapy, were randomized 1:1:1 across 3 dose levels (DL) and assigned to receive 109, 1010, 1011 virus particles (vp) of TG1050 and then randomized within each DL to placebo (3:1 and 9:3 vaccines/placebo in each DL, respectively, for the SD and MD cohorts). Cellular (ELISPOT) and antibody responses (anti-Adenovirus), as well as evolution of circulating HBsAg and HBcrAg, were monitored. All doses were well tolerated in both cohorts, without severe adverse event. TG1050 was capable to induce IFN-γ producing T-cells targeting 1 to 3 encoded antigens, in particular at the 1010vp dose. Overall, minor decreases of HBsAg were observed while a number of vaccinees reached unquantifiable HBcrAg by end of the study. In CHB patients under NUC, TG1050 exhibited a good safety profile and was capable to induce HBV-specific cellular immune response. These data support further clinical evaluation, especially in combination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Zoulim
- Service d'hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Martin Sprinzl
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Service Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Carla S Coffin
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU, Grenoble, France
| | - Mang Ma
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northern Alberta Clinical Trials and Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Uniklinik, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karine Lugardon
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Perrine Martin
- Deptartment Maladies Infectieuses, Transgene SA, Lyon, France
| | - Bérangère Bastien
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Benoit Sansas
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Adda
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Celine Halluard
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Kaïdre Bendjama
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Maud Brandely
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
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142
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Formalin treatment increases the stability and immunogenicity of coxsackievirus B1 VLP vaccine. Antiviral Res 2019; 171:104595. [PMID: 31491431 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type B Coxsackieviruses (CVBs) are a common cause of acute and chronic myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy and aseptic meningitis. However, no CVB-vaccines are available for human use. We have previously produced virus-like particles (VLPs) for CVB3 with a baculovirus-insect cell production system. Here we have explored the potential of a VLP-based vaccine targeting CVB1 and describe the production of CVB1-VLPs with a scalable VLP purification method. The developed purification method consisting of tangential flow filtration and ion exchange chromatography is compatible with industrial scale production. CVB1-VLP vaccine was treated with UV-C or formalin to study whether stability and immunogenicity was affected. Untreated, UV treated and formalin treated VLPs remained morphologically intact for 12 months at 4 °C. Formalin treatment increased, whereas UV treatment decreased the thermostability of the VLP-vaccine. High neutralising and total IgG antibody levels, the latter predominantly of a Th2 type (IgG1) phenotype, were detected in female BALB/c mice immunised with non-adjuvanted, untreated CVB1-VLP vaccine. The immunogenicity of the differently treated CVB1-VLPs (non-adjuvanted) were compared in C57BL/6 J mice and animals vaccinated with formalin treated CVB1-VLPs mounted the strongest neutralising and, CVB1-specific IgG and IgG1 antibody responses. This study demonstrates that formalin treatment increases the stability and immunogenicity of CVB1-VLP vaccine and may offer a universal tool for the stabilisation of VLPs in the production of more efficient vaccines.
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143
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Wafa EI, Geary SM, Ross KA, Goodman JT, Narasimhan B, Salem AK. Single Dose of a Polyanhydride Particle-Based Vaccine Generates Potent Antigen-Specific Antitumor Immune Responses. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:855-863. [PMID: 30361239 PMCID: PMC6806631 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors affect vaccine efficacy. One of the most salient is the frequency and intervals of vaccine administration. In this study, we assessed the vaccine administration modality for a recently reported polyanhydride-based vaccine formulation, shown to generate antitumor activity. Polyanhydride particles encapsulating ovalbumin (OVA) were prepared using a double-emulsion technique and subcutaneously delivered to mice either as a single-dose or as prime-boost vaccine regimens in which two different time intervals between prime and boost were assessed (7 or 21 days). This was followed by measurement of cellular and humoral immune responses, and subsequent challenge of the mice with a lethal dose of E.G7-OVA cells to evaluate tumor protection. Interestingly, a single dose of the polyanhydride particle-based formulation induced sustained OVA-specific cellular immune responses just as effectively as the prime-boost regimens. In addition, mice receiving single-dose vaccine had similar levels of protection against tumor challenge compared with mice administered prime-boosts. In contrast, measurements of OVA-specific IgG antibody titers indicated that a booster dose was required to stimulate strong humoral immune responses, since it was observed that mice administered a prime-boost vaccine had significantly higher OVA-specific IgG1 serum titers than mice administered a single dose. These findings indicate that the requirement for a booster dose using these particles appears unnecessary for the generation of effective cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad I Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (E.I.W., S.M.G., A.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering (K.A.R., J.T.G., B.N.) and Nanovaccine Institute (K.A.R., B.N., A.K.S.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Sean M Geary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (E.I.W., S.M.G., A.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering (K.A.R., J.T.G., B.N.) and Nanovaccine Institute (K.A.R., B.N., A.K.S.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Kathleen A Ross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (E.I.W., S.M.G., A.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering (K.A.R., J.T.G., B.N.) and Nanovaccine Institute (K.A.R., B.N., A.K.S.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jonathan T Goodman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (E.I.W., S.M.G., A.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering (K.A.R., J.T.G., B.N.) and Nanovaccine Institute (K.A.R., B.N., A.K.S.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (E.I.W., S.M.G., A.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering (K.A.R., J.T.G., B.N.) and Nanovaccine Institute (K.A.R., B.N., A.K.S.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (E.I.W., S.M.G., A.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering (K.A.R., J.T.G., B.N.) and Nanovaccine Institute (K.A.R., B.N., A.K.S.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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144
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Ma S, Qiao X, Xu Y, Wang L, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Cui W, Huang X, Wang X, Tang L, Li Y. Screening and Identification of a Chicken Dendritic Cell Binding Peptide by Using a Phage Display Library. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1853. [PMID: 31447851 PMCID: PMC6691127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as antigen-presenting cells, can initiate adaptive immune responses efficiently. Although the DC-targeting strategy has attracted more attention, relevant studies on chicken are rare. Here, specific chicken bone marrow DC-binding peptides were selected using a phage display peptide library and confirmed through ELISA, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy. The peptide candidate SPHLHTSSPWER, named SP, was fused to the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) structural protein and protective antigen VP2. In vitro, the expression of DC markers (CD80, CD83, CD86, DEC205, and MHCII) and some cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCLi1) by VP2-SP-stimulated DCs was significantly higher than that by DCs treated with the VP2-control peptide at 4 h (p < 0.001). In addition, an oral vaccine targeting DCs was generated using chicken-borne Lactobacillus saerimneri M11 (L. sae M11) to deliver VP2 fused with SP. Anti-IBDV mucosal and humoral immune responses were induced efficiently via oral administration, resulting in higher protective efficacy in the VP2-SP group than the VP2 group. Therefore, chicken DC targeting of IBDV protective antigen VP2 delivered by L. sae provides effective immune protection in chicken. Our study may promote research on the DC-targeting strategy to enhance the effectiveness of chicken vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunting Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
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145
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Yong CY, Ong HK, Tang HC, Yeap SK, Omar AR, Ho KL, Tan WS. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: advances in diagnosis and vaccine development. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7151. [PMID: 31341728 PMCID: PMC6640626 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aquaculture of salmonid fishes is a multi-billion dollar industry with production over 3 million tons annually. However, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), which infects and kills salmon and trout, significantly reduces the revenue of the salmon farming industry. Currently, there is no effective treatment for IHNV infected fishes; therefore, early detection and depopulation of the infected fishes remain the most common practices to contain the spread of IHNV. Apart from hygiene practices in aquaculture and isolation of infected fishes, loss of fishes due to IHNV infection can also be significantly reduced through vaccination programs. In the current review, some of the diagnostic methods for IHNV, spanning from clinical diagnosis to cell culture, serological and molecular methods are discussed in detail. In addition, some of the most significant candidate vaccines for IHNV are also extensively discussed, particularly the DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chean Yeah Yong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Kian Ong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Chia Tang
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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146
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Wei X, Ran D, Campeau A, Xiao C, Zhou J, Dehaini D, Jiang Y, Kroll AV, Zhang Q, Gao W, Gonzalez DJ, Fang RH, Zhang L. Multiantigenic Nanotoxoids for Antivirulence Vaccination against Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. NANO LETTERS 2019. [PMID: 31184899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b0184410.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01844.s001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as a major threat to public health worldwide. The high mortality and prevalence, along with the slow pace of new antibiotic discovery, highlight the necessity for new disease management paradigms. Here, we report on the development of a multiantigenic nanotoxoid vaccine based on macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles for eliciting potent immunity against pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The design of this biomimetic nanovaccine leverages the specific role of macrophages in clearing pathogens and their natural affinity for various virulence factors secreted by the bacteria. It is demonstrated that the macrophage nanotoxoid is able to display a wide range of P. aeruginosa antigens, and the safety of the formulation is confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. When used to vaccinate mice via different administration routes, the nanotoxoid is capable of eliciting strong humoral immune responses that translate into enhanced protection against live bacterial infection in a pneumonia model. Overall, the work presented here provides new insights into the design of safe, multiantigenic antivirulence vaccines using biomimetic nanotechnology and the application of these nanovaccines toward the prevention of difficult-to-treat Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wei
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Danni Ran
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Anaamika Campeau
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Crystal Xiao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Diana Dehaini
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Ashley V Kroll
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Qiangzhe Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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147
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Wei X, Ran D, Campeau A, Xiao C, Zhou J, Dehaini D, Jiang Y, Kroll AV, Zhang Q, Gao W, Gonzalez DJ, Fang RH, Zhang L. Multiantigenic Nanotoxoids for Antivirulence Vaccination against Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4760-4769. [PMID: 31184899 PMCID: PMC6711367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as a major threat to public health worldwide. The high mortality and prevalence, along with the slow pace of new antibiotic discovery, highlight the necessity for new disease management paradigms. Here, we report on the development of a multiantigenic nanotoxoid vaccine based on macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles for eliciting potent immunity against pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The design of this biomimetic nanovaccine leverages the specific role of macrophages in clearing pathogens and their natural affinity for various virulence factors secreted by the bacteria. It is demonstrated that the macrophage nanotoxoid is able to display a wide range of P. aeruginosa antigens, and the safety of the formulation is confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. When used to vaccinate mice via different administration routes, the nanotoxoid is capable of eliciting strong humoral immune responses that translate into enhanced protection against live bacterial infection in a pneumonia model. Overall, the work presented here provides new insights into the design of safe, multiantigenic antivirulence vaccines using biomimetic nanotechnology and the application of these nanovaccines toward the prevention of difficult-to-treat Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wei
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Danni Ran
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Anaamika Campeau
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Crystal Xiao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Diana Dehaini
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ashley V. Kroll
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Qiangzhe Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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148
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Garland KM, Sevimli S, Kilchrist KV, Duvall CL, Cook RS, Wilson JT. Microparticle Depots for Controlled and Sustained Release of Endosomolytic Nanoparticles. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:429-442. [PMID: 31719925 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nucleic acids have gained recognition as promising immunomodulatory therapeutics. However, their potential is limited by several drug delivery barriers, and there is a need for technologies that enhance intracellular delivery of nucleic acid drugs. Furthermore, controlled and sustained release is a significant concern, as the kinetics and localization of immunomodulators can influence resultant immune responses. Here, we describe the design and initial evaluation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticle (MP) depots for enhanced retention and sustained release of endosomolytic nanoparticles that enable the cytosolic delivery of nucleic acids. Methods Endosomolytic p[DMAEMA]10kD-bl-[PAA0.3-co-DMAEMA0.3-co-BMA0.4]25kD diblock copolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Polymers were electrostatically complexed with nucleic acids and resultant nanoparticles (NPs) were encapsulated in PLGA MPs. To modulate release kinetics, ammonium bicarbonate was added as a porogen. Release profiles were quantified in vitro and in vivo via quantification of fluorescently-labeled nucleic acid. Bioactivity of released NPs was assessed using small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting luciferase as a representative nucleic acid cargo. MPs were incubated with luciferase-expressing 4T1 (4T1-LUC) breast cancer cells in vitro or administered intratumorally to 4T1-LUC breast tumors, and silencing via RNA interference was quantified via longitudinal luminescence imaging. Results Endosomolytic NPs complexed to siRNA were effectively loaded into PLGA MPs and release kinetics could be modulated in vitro and in vivo via control of MP porosity, with porous MPs exhibiting faster cargo release. In vitro, release of NPs from porous MP depots enabled sustained luciferase knockdown in 4T1 breast cancer cells over a five-day treatment period. Administered intratumorally, MPs prolonged the retention of nucleic acid within the injected tumor, resulting in enhanced and sustained silencing of luciferase relative to a single bolus administration of NPs at an equivalent dose. Conclusion This work highlights the potential of PLGA MP depots as a platform for local release of endosomolytic polymer NPs that enhance the cytosolic delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Garland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sema Sevimli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kameron V Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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149
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Vreman S, McCaffrey J, Popma-de Graaf DJ, Nauwynck H, Savelkoul HFJ, Moore A, Rebel JMJ, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. Toll-like receptor agonists as adjuvants for inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 212:27-37. [PMID: 31213249 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists can effectively stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and are anticipated to be promising adjuvants in combination with inactivated vaccines. In this study, the adjuvant potential of three different TLR-agonists were compared with an oil-in-water (O/W) adjuvant in combination with inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (iPRRSV) applied by different administration routes: intramuscular (i.m.) or into the skin using dissolving microneedle (DMN) patches. Pigs received a prime vaccination followed by a booster vaccination four weeks later. TLR1/2 (Pam3Cys), TLR7/8 (R848) or TLR9 (CpG ODN) agonists were used as adjuvant in combination with iPRRSV strain 07V063. O/W adjuvant (Montanide™) was used as reference control adjuvant and one group received a placebo vaccination containing diluent only. All animals received a homologous challenge with PRRSV three weeks after the booster vaccination. Antibody and IFN-γ production, serum cytokines and viremia were measured at several time-points after vaccination and/or challenge, and lung pathology at necropsy. Our results indicate that a TLR 1/2, 7/8 or 9 agonist as adjuvant with iPRRSV does not induce a detectable PRRSV-specific immune response, independent of the administration route. However, the i.m. TLR9 agonist group showed reduction of viremia upon challenge compared to the non-vaccinated animals, supported by a non-antigen-specific IFN-γ level after booster vaccination and an anamnestic antibody response after challenge. Montanide™-adjuvanted iPRRSV induced antigen-specific immunity after booster combined with reduction of vireamia. Skin application of TLR7/8 agonist, but not the other agonists, induced a local skin reaction. Further research is needed to explore the potential of TLR agonists as adjuvants for inactivated porcine vaccines with a preference for TLR9 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vreman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands; Cell Biology & Immunology group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology & Immunology group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Moore
- School of Pharmacy, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
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150
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Andersson AMC, Buldun CM, Pattinson DJ, Draper SJ, Howarth M. SnoopLigase peptide-peptide conjugation enables modular vaccine assembly. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4625. [PMID: 30874593 PMCID: PMC6420506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For many infectious diseases there is still no vaccine, even though potential protective antigens have been identified. Suitable platforms and conjugation routes are urgently needed to convert the promise of such antigens into broadly protective and scalable vaccines. Here we apply a newly established peptide-peptide ligation approach, SnoopLigase, for specific and irreversible coupling of antigens onto an oligomerization platform. SnoopLigase was engineered from a Streptococcus pneumoniae adhesin and enables isopeptide bond formation between two peptide tags: DogTag and SnoopTagJr. We expressed in bacteria DogTag linked to the self-assembling coiled-coil nanoparticle IMX313. This platform was stable over months at 37 °C when lyophilized, remaining reactive even after boiling. IMX-DogTag was efficiently coupled to two blood-stage malarial proteins (from PfEMP1 or CyRPA), with SnoopTagJr fused at the N- or C-terminus. We also showed SnoopLigase-mediated coupling of a telomerase peptide relevant to cancer immunotherapy. SnoopLigase-mediated nanoassembly enhanced the antibody response to both malaria antigens in a prime-boost model. Including or depleting SnoopLigase from the conjugate had little effect on the antibody response to the malarial antigens. SnoopLigase decoration represents a promising and accessible strategy for modular plug-and-display vaccine assembly, as well as providing opportunities for robust nanoconstruction in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Can M Buldun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Simon J Draper
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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