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Rahman MM, Islam F, -Or-Rashid MH, Mamun AA, Rahaman MS, Islam MM, Meem AFK, Sutradhar PR, Mitra S, Mimi AA, Emran TB, Fatimawali, Idroes R, Tallei TE, Ahmed M, Cavalu S. The Gut Microbiota (Microbiome) in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Therapeutic Regulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:903570. [PMID: 35795187 PMCID: PMC9251340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.903570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. Recent studies revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the host body. CVDs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and patients favor death over chronic kidney disease. For the function of gut microbiota in the host, molecules have to penetrate the intestinal epithelium or the surface cells of the host. Gut microbiota can utilize trimethylamine, N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and primary and secondary bile acid pathways. By affecting these living cells, the gut microbiota can cause heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease. Previous studies of the gut microbiota and its relation to stroke pathogenesis and its consequences can provide new therapeutic prospects. This review highlights the interplay between the microbiota and its metabolites and addresses related interventions for the treatment of CVDs.
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102
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Qin Y, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Ning X, Sun S. The Specific Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Kidney Diseases—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908219. [PMID: 35784273 PMCID: PMC9248803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney diseases (DKD). However, the key microbial taxa closely related to DKD have not been determined. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Chinese Biomedical Databases, China National Knowledge Internet, and Embase were searched for case-control or cross-sectional studies comparing the gut microbiota of patients with DKD and healthy controls (HC) from inception to February 8, 2022, and random/fixed-effects meta-analysis on the standardized mean difference (SMD) were performed for alpha diversity indexes between DKD and HC, and beta diversity indexes and the relative abundance of gut microbiota were extracted and summarized qualitatively. Results A total of 16 studies (578 patients with DKD and 444 HC) were included. Compared to HC, the bacterial richness of patients with DKD was significantly decreased, and the diversity indexes were decreased but not statistically, companying with a distinct beta diversity. The relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, family Coriobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Veillonellaceae, genus Enterococcus, Citrobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Akkermansia, Sutterella, and Acinetobacter, and species E. coli were enriched while that of phylum Firmicutes, family Lachnospiraceae, genus Roseburia, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium were depleted in patients with DKD. Conclusions The gut microbiota of patients with DKD may possess specific features characterized by expansion of genus Escherichia, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella, and depletion of Roseburia, which may contribute most to the alterations of their corresponding family and phylum taxa, as well as the bacterial diversity and composition. These microbial taxa may be closely related to DKD and serve as promising targets for the management of DKD. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021289863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunlong Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zixian Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatric, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Shiren Sun,
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103
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Liu X, Qiu B, Liu W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li X, Li L, Zhang D. The Preventive Effects of Fermented and Germinated Foxtail Millet Whole Grain on Kidney Damage in a Diabetic Mouse Model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940404. [PMID: 35782913 PMCID: PMC9243661 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important complication of diabetes. The prevention of DKD can effectively reduce the mortality rate of diabetic patients and improve their quality of life. The present study examined the effects of fermented and germinated foxtail millet whole grain (FG-FM) on kidney lesions in a diabetic mouse model (Db/Db mice). The results proved that the FG-FM consumption significantly alleviated the kidney tissue damage in the diabetic mouse model. The transcriptome analysis of kidney tissues demonstrated that the overactivation of signaling pathways related to inflammation and immunity in the diabetic mouse model was significantly inhibited with the FG-FM intake. Moreover, the consumption of the FG-FM diet effectively elevated the bacterial diversity, increased the relative abundance of probiotics and decreased the relative abundance of previously reported DKD-related bacteria in the gut microbiota of diabetic mice. Our study confirmed foxtail millet as a potential source of functional food for the non-pharmacological intervention of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lingfei Li
| | - Di Zhang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Di Zhang
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104
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Portincasa P, Celano G, Serale N, Vitellio P, Calabrese FM, Chira A, David L, Dumitrascu DL, De Angelis M. Clinical and Metabolomic Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici in Fructose Intolerant Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122488. [PMID: 35745219 PMCID: PMC9231202 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose intolerance (FI) is a widespread non-genetic condition in which the incomplete absorption of fructose leads to gastro-intestinal disorders. The crucial role of microbial dysbiosis on the onset of these intolerance symptoms together with their persistence under free fructose diets are driving the scientific community towards the use of probiotics as a novel therapeutic approach. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of FI in a cohort composed of Romanian adults with Functional Grastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) and the effectiveness of treatment based on the probiotic formulation EQBIOTA® (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CECT 7484 and 7485 and Pediococcus acidilactici CECT 7483). We evaluated the impact of a 30-day treatment both on FI subjects and healthy volunteers. The gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal volatile metabolome were evaluated. A statistically significant improvement of symptoms (i.e., bloating, and abdominal pain) was reported in FI patient after treatment. On the other hand, at the baseline, the content of volatile metabolites was heterogeneously distributed between the two study arms, whereas the treatment led differences to decrease. From our analysis, how some metabolomics compounds were correlated with the improvement and worsening of clinical symptoms clearly emerged. Preliminary observations suggested how the improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms could be induced by the increase of anti-inflammatory and protective substrates. A deeper investigation in a larger patient cohort subjected to a prolonged treatment would allow a more comprehensive evaluation of the probiotic treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (D.L.D.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università Degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (N.S.); (P.V.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Nadia Serale
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università Degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (N.S.); (P.V.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Paola Vitellio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università Degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (N.S.); (P.V.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università Degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (N.S.); (P.V.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Alexandra Chira
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Farmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Liliana David
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Farmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Dan L. Dumitrascu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Farmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (D.L.D.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università Degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (N.S.); (P.V.); (F.M.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (D.L.D.); (M.D.A.)
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105
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Tuttle KR, Agarwal R, Alpers CE, Bakris GL, Brosius FC, Kolkhof P, Uribarri J. Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Diabetic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:248-260. [PMID: 35661785 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease has a high global disease burden and substantially increases risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events. Despite treatment, there is substantial residual risk of disease progression with existing therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the molecular mechanisms driving diabetic kidney disease to help identify new therapies that slow progression and reduce associated risks. Diabetic kidney disease is initiated by diabetes-related disturbances in glucose metabolism, which then trigger other metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic processes that contribute to disease progression. This review summarizes existing evidence on the molecular drivers of diabetic kidney disease onset and progression, focusing on inflammatory and fibrotic mediators-factors that are largely unaddressed as primary treatment targets and for which there is increasing evidence supporting key roles in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. Results from recent clinical trials highlight promising new drug therapies, as well as a role for dietary strategies, in treating diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Tuttle
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington, USA; Institute of Translational Health Sciences, Kidney Research Institute, and Nephrology Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Rajiv Agarwal
- Nephrology Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Nephrology Division, VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - George L Bakris
- American Heart Association Comprehensive Hypertension Center at the University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Frank C Brosius
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Kolkhof
- Cardiovascular Precision Medicines, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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106
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Tawfick MM, Xie H, Zhao C, Shao P, Farag MA. Inulin fructans in diet: Role in gut homeostasis, immunity, health outcomes and potential therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:948-961. [PMID: 35381290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inulin consumption in both humans and animal models is recognized for its prebiotic action with the most consistent change that lies in enhancing the growth and functionality of Bifidobacterium bacteria, as well as its effect on host gene expression and metabolism. Further, inulin-type fructans are utilized in the colon by bacterial fermentation to yield short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which play important role in its biological effects both locally inside the gut and in systemic actions. The gut symbiosis sustained by inulin supplementation among other dietary fibers exerts preventive and/or therapeutic options for many metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiometabolic diseases, kidney diseases and hyperuricemia. Although, gastrointestinal negative effects due to inulin consumption were reported, such as gastrointestinal symptoms in humans and exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. This comprehensive review aims to present the whole story of how inulin functions as a prebiotic at cellular levels and the interplay between physiological, functional and immunological responses inside the animal or human gut as influenced by inulin in diets, in context to its structural composition. Such review is of importance to identify management and feed strategies to optimize gut health, for instance, consumption of the tolerated doses to healthy adults of 10 g/day of native inulin or 5 g/day of naturally inulin-rich chicory extract. In addition, inulin-drug interactions should be further clarified particularly if used as a supplement for the treatment of degenerative diseases (e.g., diabetes) over a long period. The combined effect of probiotics and inulin appears more effective, and more research on this synergy is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Tawfick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt.
| | - Hualing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ping Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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107
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Effects of probiotics on immunity and iron homeostasis: A mini-review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:24-27. [PMID: 35623819 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency remains a major problem in both developed and developing countries. Iron supplementation has been used as a standard intervention for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). There are many factors affecting the efficacy, including stunting, infections or inflammations, and genetics. Recently, some studies have been conducted to further investigate the effects of probiotics on immunity and iron homeostasis. This mini review discusses about some important factors that can improve the management of IDA.
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108
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Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanism and Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116047. [PMID: 35682722 PMCID: PMC9181340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting, known to develop in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a deleterious consequence of numerous complications associated with deteriorated renal function. Muscle wasting in CKD mainly involves dysregulated muscle protein metabolism and impaired muscle cell regeneration. In this narrative review, we discuss the cardinal role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 and myostatin signaling pathways, which have been extensively investigated using animal and human studies, as well as the emerging concepts in microRNA- and gut microbiota-mediated regulation of muscle mass and myogenesis. To ameliorate muscle loss, therapeutic strategies, including nutritional support, exercise programs, pharmacological interventions, and physical modalities, are being increasingly developed based on advances in understanding its underlying pathophysiology.
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109
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Widiasih E, Subagio HW, Lestariningsih L. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in Malnutrition Mechanism in CKD-5 HD Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with terminal stage chronic kidney disease who have undergone hemodialysis (PGK-5 HD) have a high risk of developing malnutrition, which is characterized by wasting protein-energy and micronutrient deficiencies. Studies show a high prevalence of malnutrition in CKD-5 HD patients. The pathogenic mechanisms of malnutrition in CKD-5 HD are complex and involve the interaction of several pathophysiological changes including decreased appetite and nutrient intake, hormonal disturbances, metabolic imbalances, inflammation, increased catabolism, and abnormalities associated with dialysis action. A clear understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of malnutrition in CKD-5 HD is required to develop strategies and interventions that are appropriate, effective, and reduce negative clinical outcomes. This article is a review of the pathophysiological mechanisms of malnutrition in CKD-5 HD patients caused by chronic inflammation due to intestinal dysbiosis.
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110
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Zhang B, Wan Y, Zhou X, Zhang H, Zhao H, Ma L, Dong X, Yan M, Zhao T, Li P. Characteristics of Serum Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872988. [PMID: 35548353 PMCID: PMC9084235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of circulating metabolites and disorders of the gut microbiota are involved in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, there is limited research on the relationship between serum metabolites and gut microbiota, and their involvement in DKD. In this study, using an experimental DKD rat model induced by combining streptozotocin injection and unilateral nephrectomy, we employed untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the relationship between the metabolic profile and the structure and function of gut microbiota. Striking alterations took place in 140 serum metabolites, as well as in the composition and function of rat gut microbiota. These changes were mainly associated with carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. In these pathways, isomaltose, D-mannose, galactonic acid, citramalic acid, and prostaglandin B2 were significantly upregulated. 3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)indole, 3-methylindole, and indoleacrylic acid were downregulated and were the critical metabolites in the DKD model. Furthermore, the levels of these three indoles were restored after treatment with the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Tangshen Formula. At the genera level, g_Eubacterium_nodatum_group, g_Lactobacillus, and g_Faecalibaculum were most involved in metabolic disorders in the progression of DKD. Notably, the circulating lipid metabolites had a strong relationship with DKD-related parameters and were especially negatively related to the mesangial matrix area. Serum lipid indices (TG and TC) and UACR were directly associated with certain microbial genera. In conclusion, the present research verified the anomalous circulating metabolites and gut microbiota in DKD progression. We also identified the potential metabolic and microbial targets for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhou Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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111
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Sumida K, Han Z, Chiu CY, Mims TS, Bajwa A, Demmer RT, Datta S, Kovesdy CP, Pierre JF. Circulating Microbiota in Cardiometabolic Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:892232. [PMID: 35592652 PMCID: PMC9110890 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.892232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of microbiota research has significantly advanced our understanding of the complex interactions between gut microbiota and cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal system regulation. Low-grade chronic inflammation has long been implicated as one of the key mechanisms underlying cardiometabolic disease risk and progression, even before the insights provided by gut microbiota research in the past decade. Microbial translocation into the bloodstream can occur via different routes, including through the oral and/or intestinal mucosa, and may contribute to chronic inflammation in cardiometabolic disease. Among several gut-derived products identifiable in the systemic circulation, bacterial endotoxins and metabolites have been extensively studied, however recent advances in microbial DNA sequencing have further allowed us to identify highly diverse communities of microorganisms in the bloodstream from an -omics standpoint, which is termed "circulating microbiota." While detecting microorganisms in the bloodstream was historically considered as an indication of infection, evidence on the circulating microbiota is continually accumulating in various patient populations without clinical signs of infection and even in otherwise healthy individuals. Moreover, both quantitative and compositional alterations of the circulating microbiota have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions, potentially through their immunostimulatory, atherogenic, and cardiotoxic properties. In this mini review, we aim to provide recent evidence on the characteristics and roles of circulating microbiota in several cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease, with highlights of our emerging findings on circulating microbiota in patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Keiichi Sumida,
| | - Zhongji Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chi-Yang Chiu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Tahliyah S. Mims
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Nephrology Section, Memphis Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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112
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Yu Z, Zhao J, Qin Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sun S. Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics Improve Uremic, Inflammatory, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in End-Stage Renal Disease With Dialysis: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:850425. [PMID: 35445065 PMCID: PMC9015659 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.850425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are three different supplements to treat end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients by targeting gut bacteria. The comprehensive comparison of the effectiveness of different supplements are lacking. Objectives The purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to assess and rank the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on inflammatory factors, uremic toxins, and gastrointestinal symptoms (GI symptoms) in ESRD patients undergoing dialysis. Methods Randomized clinical trials were searched from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials databases, from their inception until 4 September 2021. Random-effect model were used to obtain all estimated outcomes in network meta-analysis (NMA). Effect estimates were presented as mean differences (Mean ± SD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The comprehensive effects of all treatments were ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. Results Twenty-five studies involved 1,106 participants were included. Prebiotics were superior in decreasing Interleukin-6 (IL-6; SMD –0.74, 95% CI [–1.32, –0.16]) and tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; SMD –0.59, 95% CI [–1.09, –0.08]), synbiotics were more effective in declining C-reactive protein (CRP; SMD –0.69, 95% CI [–1.14, –0.24]) and endotoxin (SMD –0.83, 95% CI [–1.38, –0.27]). Regarding uremic toxins, prebiotics ranked highest in reducing indoxyl sulfate (IS; SMD –0.43, 95% CI [–0.81, –0.05]), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; SMD –0.42, 95% CI [–0.78, –0.06]), and malondialdehyde (MDA; SMD –1.88, 95% CI [–3.02, –0.75]). Probiotics were rated as best in alleviating GI symptoms (SMD: –0.52, 95% CI [–0.93, –0.1]). Conclusion Our research indicated prebiotics were more effective in declining IL-6, TNF-α, IS, MDA, and BUN, synbiotics lowering CRP and endotoxin significantly, and probiotics were beneficial for alleviating GI symptoms, which may contribute to better clinical decisions. This study was registered in PROSPERO (Number: CRD42021277056). Systematic Review Registration [http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42021277056].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunlong Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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113
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Zhao M, Wei H, Li C, Zhan R, Liu C, Gao J, Yi Y, Cui X, Shan W, Ji L, Pan B, Cheng S, Song M, Sun H, Jiang H, Cai J, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Meng X, Dong E, Wang DW, Zheng L. Gut microbiota production of trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid reduces fatty acid oxidation and accelerates cardiac hypertrophy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1757. [PMID: 35365608 PMCID: PMC8976029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies found intestinal microbiota alterations which are thought to affect the development of various diseases through the production of gut-derived metabolites. However, the specific metabolites and their pathophysiological contribution to cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure progression still remain unclear. N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA), derived from trimethyllysine through the gut microbiota, was elevated with gradually increased risk of cardiac mortality and transplantation in a prospective heart failure cohort (n = 1647). TMAVA treatment aggravated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice. Decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the diseased heart and contributes to impaired myocardial energetics and contractile dysfunction. Proteomics uncovered that TMAVA disturbed cardiac energy metabolism, leading to inhibition of FAO and myocardial lipid accumulation. TMAVA treatment altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, respiration and FAO and inhibited carnitine metabolism. Mice with γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) deficiency displayed a similar cardiac hypertrophy phenotype, indicating that TMAVA functions through BBOX. Finally, exogenous carnitine supplementation reversed TMAVA induced cardiac hypertrophy. These data suggest that the gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent FAO. Intestinal microbiota alterations may affect heart function through the production of gut-derived metabolites. Here the authors found that gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changjie Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaodong Yi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Shan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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114
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Lei J, Xie Y, Sheng J, Song J. Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in acute kidney injury: novel insights into mechanisms and promising therapeutic strategies. Ren Fail 2022; 44:571-580. [PMID: 35350960 PMCID: PMC8967199 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2056054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the clinical impact of intestinal microbiota–kidney interaction has been emerging. Experimental evidence highlighted a bidirectional evolutionary correlation between intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases. Nonetheless, acute kidney injury (AKI) is still a global public health concern associated with high morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and limited efficient therapy. Several studies on the intestinal microbiome have improved the knowledge and treatment of AKI. Therefore, the present review outlines the concept of the gut–kidney axis and data about intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in AKI to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of the intestinal microbiome on the modification of kidney function and response to kidney injury. We also introduced the future directions and research areas, emphasizing the intervention approaches and recent research advances of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis during AKI, thereby providing a new perspective for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lei
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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115
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Araki R, Iwanaga K, Ueda K, Shima A, Ishihara G, Aizu M, Fukayama T, Isaka M. Comparison of Intestinal Microbiota Between Healthy and MMVD Chihuahuas Using 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846492. [PMID: 35433906 PMCID: PMC9007596 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cause of congestive heart failure in dogs, and although complications of MMVD to the lungs and kidneys have been identified, complications to the gut are less well understood. The intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the gut, and although the association between heart disease and the intestinal microbiota has been shown in human medicine, it is unknown in dogs. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between MMVD and gut microbiota. A total of 69 healthy Chihuahuas and Chihuahuas with MMVD were evaluated for cardiac health by echocardiography and chest radiography and grouped according to ACVIM guidelines. Fecal samples were collected from all cases and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to reveal the intestinal microbiota. There were significant differences in LA/Ao, LVIDd, E vel, VHS, and VLAS with the severity of ACVIM. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota among the groups. The present study did not identify the effects of MMVD on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Araki
- Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Koji Iwanaga
- Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ueda
- Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mitsuhiro Isaka
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116
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Wang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Dong X, Wang Y, Yang X, Tian H, Li T. Protective Effect of Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) on High-Fructose and High-Salt Diet-Induced Hypertension: Relevant to Improvement of Renal and Intestinal Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3730-3744. [PMID: 35315647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension has become a leading cardiovascular risk factor worldwide. In this study, we explored the salutary effects and relevant mechanisms of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), an herbal plant with culinary and medicinal values, on high-fructose and high-salt diet (HFSD)-induced hypertension in SD rats. Our results showed that oral administration of coriander (1.0 or 2.0 g/kg·bw) effectively attenuated HFSD-induced elevation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Coriander also increased the serum levels of vasodilator factors (PGI2, NO, and eNOS), decreased Na+ retention and serum uric acid (UA) level, and ameliorated glucolipid profiles. qPCR results revealed that coriander downregulated the mRNA expression of NHE3, a Na+/H+ exchanger responsible for Na+ absorption, in kidney and small intestine. 16S rDNA sequencing showed that coriander altered the gut microbiota composition with the beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and Oscillibacter significantly enriched. Correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of Bifidobacterium was evidently correlated with levels of NHE3, NO, eNOS, and UA. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that coriander contained a variety of flavonoids including rutin and quercetin. Conclusively, long-term consumption of coriander may ameliorate HFSD-induced hypertension by mitigating HFSD-caused abnormal changes in vascular endothelial function, renal and intestinal sodium absorption, glucolipid homeostasis, and gut microbiota in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyue Dong
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Honglei Tian
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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117
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Ray N, Jeong H, Kwon D, Kim J, Moon Y. Antibiotic Exposure Aggravates Bacteroides-Linked Uremic Toxicity in the Gut-Kidney Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:737536. [PMID: 35401522 PMCID: PMC8988921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.737536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence has implicated a potent link between antibiotic exposure and susceptibility to various diseases. Clinically, antibiotic treatment during platinum chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis in patients with malignancy. In the present study, mucosal antibiotic exposure was assessed for its impact on renal distress as a sequela of platinum-based chemotherapy. Clinical transcriptome dataset-based evaluations demonstrated that levels of dysbiosis-responsive genes were elevated during renal distress, indicating pathological communications between gut and kidney. Experimentally, mucosal exposure to streptomycin aggravated platinum-induced renal tubular lesions in a mouse model. Moreover, antibiotic-induced dysbiosis increased susceptibility to gut mucosal inflammation, epithelial disruption, and bacterial exposure in response to cisplatin treatment. Further investigation of the luminal microbes indicated that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis promoted the dominance of Bacteroides species. Moreover, the functional assessment of dysbiotic microbiota predicted tryptophan metabolic pathways. In particular, dysbiosis-responsive Bacteroides acidifaciens was associated with the production of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate and renal injuries. The results of this study including bacterial community-based evaluations provide new predictive insights into the interorgan communications and interventions against dysbiosis-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Ray
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hoyoung Jeong
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Genomic Data Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dasom Kwon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Genomic Data Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yuseok Moon,
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118
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Chan KW, Chow TY, Yu KY, Feng Y, Lao L, Bian Z, Wong VT, Tang SCW. Effectiveness of Integrative Chinese-Western Medicine for Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:371-388. [PMID: 35168474 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2250015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are pandemic, requiring more therapeutic options. This retrospective cohort evaluated the effectiveness, safety profile and prescription pattern of a pilot integrative medicine service program in Hong Kong. Data from 38 patients with diabetes and CKD enrolled to receive 48-week individualized add-on Chinese medicine (CM) were retrieved from the electronically linked hospital database. A 1:1 cohort was generated with patients from the same source and matched by propensity score. The primary outcomes are the change of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) analyzed by analysis of covariance and mixed regression model adjusted for baseline eGFR, age, gender, duration of diabetes history, history of hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, and the use of insulin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker. The rate of adverse events and the change of key biochemical parameters were analyzed. After a median of 51 weeks, patients who received add-on CM had stabilized eGFR (difference in treatment period: 0.74 ml/min/1.73m2, 95% CI: -1.01 to 2.50) and UACR (proportional difference in treatment period: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.34). Add-on CM was associated with significantly preserved eGFR (Inter-group difference: 3.19 ml/min/1.73m2, 95%CI: 0.32 to 6.06, [Formula: see text] 0.030) compared to standard care. The intergroup ratio of UACR was comparable (0.70, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.08, [Formula: see text] 0.104). The result is robust in sensitivity analysis with different statistical methods, and there was no interaction with CKD stage and UACR. The rate of serious adverse events (8.1% vs. 18.9%, [Formula: see text] 0.174), moderate to severe hyperkalemia (8.1% vs. 2.7%, [Formula: see text] 0.304) and hypoglycemia (13.5% vs. 5.4%, [Formula: see text] 0.223), and the levels of key biochemical parameters were comparable between groups. The top seven most used CMs contained two classical formulations, namely Liu-wei-di-huang-wan and Si-jun-zi-tang. Individualized add-on CM was associated with significant kidney function preservation and was well tolerated. Further randomized controlled trials using CM prescriptions based on Liu-wei-di-huang-wan and Si-jun-zi-tang are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Wa Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tak Yee Chow
- Hong Kong Association for Integration of Chinese-Western Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kam Yan Yu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Virginia University of Integrative Medicine, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Taam Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Association for Integration of Chinese-Western Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Sydney Chi-Wai Tang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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119
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Ranganathan N, Anteyi E. The Role of Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiome Modulation in Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030183. [PMID: 35324680 PMCID: PMC8955792 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the fundamental approaches to promoting and preventing all kinds of diseases, especially kidney diseases. Dietary fiber forms a significant aspect of renal nutrition in treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary fiber intake influences the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiome with proven roles in reducing uremic toxin production, preserving kidney function, and retarding the progression of CKD through mechanisms of regulating metabolic, immunological, and inflammatory processes. Understanding dietary fiber’s pathogenesis and mechanistic action in modulating host and microbiome interactions provides a potential adjunct therapeutic target for preventing, controlling, and treating CKD patients. In this regard, a recommendation of adequate and appropriate dietary fiber intake to restore beneficial gut microbiota composition would reduce the risks and complications associated with CKD. This mini review summarizes current evidence of the role of dietary fiber intake in modulating the gut microbiome to improve kidney health.
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120
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Wehedy E, Shatat IF, Al Khodor S. The Human Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:790783. [PMID: 35111779 PMCID: PMC8801809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.790783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Current treatments for CKD include therapeutics to target factors that contribute to CKD progression, including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, and drugs to control blood pressure and proteinuria control. Recently, associations between chronic disease processes and the human microbiota and its metabolites have been demonstrated. Dysbiosis—a change in the microbial diversity—has been observed in patients with CKD. The relationship between CKD and dysbiosis is bidirectional; gut-derived metabolites and toxins affect the progression of CKD, and the uremic milieu affects the microbiota. The accumulation of microbial metabolites and toxins is linked to the loss of kidney functions and increased mortality risk, yet renoprotective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids help restore kidney functions and increase the survival rate in CKD patients. Specific dietary interventions to alter the gut microbiome could improve clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. Low-protein and high-fiber diets increase the abundance of bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory bacteria. Fluctuations in the urinary microbiome are linked to increased susceptibility to infection and antibiotic resistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of the gut, urinary and blood microbiome in CKD pathophysiology and assess the feasibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic tool for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Wehedy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Souhaila Al Khodor
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121
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Wu S, Wang M, Zhang M, He JQ. Metabolomics and microbiomes for discovering biomarkers of antituberculosis drugs-induced hepatotoxicity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 716:109118. [PMID: 34999018 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) was related to metabolic and microbial dysregulation, but only limited data was available about the metabolomes and microbiomes in ATDH. We aimed at detecting the metabolic and microbial signatures of ATDH. Urine samples were obtained from ATDH (n = 33) and non-ATDH control (n = 41) and analyzed by untargeted gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). Metabolites were analyzed by orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and pathway analysis. Eight ATDH and eight non-ATDH control were evaluated by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) database were used for function prediction. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was applied to detect the differential microbiotas between the two groups. The differential microbiotas were further validated by correlation analysis with differential metabolites. OPLS-DA analysis suggested 11 metabolites that differed ATDH from non-ATDH control. Pathway analysis demonstrated that metabolism of arginine and proline, metabolism of d-arginine and d-ornithine, glutathione glycine metabolism, galactose metabolism, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism were related to ATDH. LEfSe suggested significant differences in microbiotas between the two groups. The o_ Bacteroidales, f_Prevotellaceae, and g_Prevotella were significantly increased in ATDH. In contrast, the f_Chitinophagaceae, c_Gammaproteobacteria, and p_Proteobacteria were significantly increased in non-ATDH group. The biological functions of the sequenced microbiota in this study were related to amino acid transport and metabolism and defense mechanisms. Finally, we detected strong association between urine metabolites and specific urine bacteria (|r| > 0.8). d-glucoheptose showed a strong relationship to Symbiobacterium. Creatine (r = -0.901; P < 0.001) and diglycerol were strongly associated with Alishewanella. Metabolomics and microbiomes indicate ATDH characterized by metabolic and microbial profiles may differ from non-ATDH control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minggui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Curcumin Supplementation (Meriva ®) Modulates Inflammation, Lipid Peroxidation and Gut Microbiota Composition in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010231. [PMID: 35011106 PMCID: PMC8747135 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) subjects suffer from high risk of cardiovascular mortality, and any intervention preventing the progression of CKD may have an enormous impact on public health. In the last decade, there has been growing awareness that the gut microbiota (GM) can play a pivotal role in controlling the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory state and CKD progression. To ameliorate the quality of life in CKD subjects, the use of dietary supplements has increased over time. Among those, curcumin has demonstrated significant in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. In this pilot study, 24 CKD patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. CKD patients followed nutritional counselling and were supplemented with curcumin (Meriva®) for six months. Different parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 3-6 months: uremic toxins, metagenomic of GM, and nutritional, inflammatory, and oxidative status. Curcumin significantly reduced plasma pro-inflammatory mediators (CCL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4) and lipid peroxidation. Regarding GM, after 6 months of curcumin supplementation, Escherichia-Shigella was significantly lower, while Lachnoclostridium was significant higher. Notably, at family level, Lactobacillaceae spp. were found significantly higher in the last 3 months of supplementation. No adverse events were observed in the supplemented group, confirming the good safety profile of curcumin phytosome after long-term administration.
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Hassan MS, Ahmed YS, Sarhaan EI, Mehanna NS, Madbouli NN, Abdelgawad MA. Effect of dietary synbiotic supplementation on serum indoxyl sulfate in prevalent hemodialysis patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-021-00096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is produced by action of the intestinal flora on tryptophan in protein diet, and it is normally excreted by the kidney. IS is a protein-bound uremic toxin, and it is difficult to be removed by conventional hemodialysis (HD) methods; so, it accumulates in HD patients and may contribute to major cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Aim
To study the effect of dietary synbiotic (prebiotic and probiotic) supplementation on IS level in prevalent HD patients.
Patients and methods
This single-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 80 prevalent HD patients (between January 2017 and March 2017) in Ain Shams University Hospital. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 was given synbiotic (SYN) and group 2 was given placebo for 6 weeks. Blood levels of IS, CRP, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks.
Results
There was a significant reduction in serum IS level in groups 1 and 2 in comparison to their baselines (P value = 0.000 and 0.019 respectively); however, the change in IS level in group 1 after SYN supplementation (64% with IR 72.38–33.33) was more than that shown in group 2 (did not receive SYN) (18.47% with IR 26.75–26.75) with a highly significant P value, 0.000. Also, there were significant reductions in the levels of creatinine, BUN, phosphorus (P values < 0.001), and CRP (P values 0.002) in group 1 respectively with no similar changes noticed in group 2.
Conclusion
SYN supplementation in HD patients can reduce serum levels of IS and other uremic toxins like BUN and creatinine. Also, it may help to reduce serum phosphorus and CRP levels.
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Li Y, Quan J. Association of Lipopolysaccharide-Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Microalbuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3143-3152. [PMID: 36262806 PMCID: PMC9575588 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s377776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal flora imbalance has been implicated in the activation of innate immunity in the kidneys. However, little is known about the potential links between lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-toll-like. receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling activated by intestinal barrier dysfunction and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS 61 patients with T2DM were stratified based on the absence (n=32) or presence (n=29) of microalbuminuria. There were also 28 control subjects. Urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), serum levels of LPS, D-lactic acid (DLA), diamine oxidase (DAO), fasting blood glucose (FBG), interleukin-6 (IL-6), glycosylated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and TLR4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured. RESULTS hs-CRP, IL-6, LPS, DLA, DAO, and TLR4 were markedly increased in subjects with T2DM compared to the controls (P < 0.05 for all). Moreover, LPS was positively correlated with FBG, HbA1c, hs-CRP, IL-6, UAER, DLA, DAO, and TLR4 (P < 0.05 for all). In addition, TLR4 was positively correlated with UAER, hs-CRP, FBG, DLA, HbA1c, and LPS (P < 0.05 for all). In regression analyses, TLR4, LPS, HbA1c, and hs-CRP were independently associated with UAER (P < 0.05 for all), while FBG, LPS, TLR4, and hs-CRP (P < 0.05 for all) were found to be risk factors for microalbuminuria in T2DM. CONCLUSION Intestinal integrity is compromised in subjects with T2DM, and the activation of LPS-TLR4 signaling might play an important role in the development of microalbuminuria in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jinxing Quan, Tel +18109440427, Email
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Frazier R, Cai X, Lee J, Bundy JD, Jovanovich A, Chen J, Deo R, Lash JP, Anderson AH, Go AS, Feldman HI, Shafi T, Rhee EP, Miyazaki M, Chonchol M, Isakova T. Deoxycholic Acid and Risks of Cardiovascular Events, ESKD, and Mortality in CKD: The CRIC Study. Kidney Med 2022; 4:100387. [PMID: 35072049 PMCID: PMC8767130 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Elevated levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) are associated with adverse outcomes and may contribute to vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of DCA were associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, CKD progression, and death in patients with CKD. Study Design Prospective observational cohort study. Setting & Participants We included 3,147 Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study participants who had fasting DCA levels. The average age was 59 ± 11 years, 45.3% were women, 40.6% were African American, and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 42.5 ± 16.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. Predictor Fasting DCA levels in Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study participants. Outcomes Risks of atherosclerotic and heart failure events, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and all-cause mortality. Analytical Approach We used Tobit regression to identify predictors of DCA levels. We used Cox regression to examine the association between fasting DCA levels and clinical outcomes. Results The strongest predictors of elevated DCA levels in adjusted models were increased age and nonuse of statins. The associations between log-transformed DCA levels and clinical outcomes were nonlinear. After adjustment, DCA levels above the median were independently associated with higher risks of ESKD (HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.51-4.74) and all-cause mortality (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.25-3.64). DCA levels above the median were not associated with atherosclerotic and heart failure events, and DCA levels below the median were not associated with clinical outcomes. Limitations We were unable to measure DCA longitudinally or in urinary or fecal samples, and we were unable to measure other bile acids. We also could not measure many factors that affect DCA levels. Conclusions In 3,147 participants with CKD stages 2-4, DCA levels above the median were independently associated with ESKD and all-cause mortality.
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Shang J, Cui W, Guo R, Zhang Y, Wang P, Yu W, Zheng X, Wang T, Dong Y, Zhao J, Ding S, Xiao J, Ren Z, Zhao Z. The harmful intestinal microbial community accumulates during DKD exacerbation and microbiome-metabolome combined validation in a mouse model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:964389. [PMID: 36601003 PMCID: PMC9806430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.964389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most prevalent complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. We aim to build a diagnostic model to aid clinical practice and uncover a crucial harmful microbial community that contributes to DKD pathogenesis and exacerbation. DESIGN A total of 528 fecal samples from 180 DKD patients and 348 non-DKD populations (138 DM and 210 healthy volunteers) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were recruited and randomly divided into a discovery phase and a validation phase. The gut microbial composition was compared using 16S rRNA sequencing. Then, the 180 DKD patients were stratified into four groups based on clinical stages and underwent gut microbiota analysis. We established DKD mouse models and a healthy fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) model to validate the effects of gut microbiota on DKD and select the potential harmful microbial community. Untargeted metabolome-microbiome combined analysis of mouse models helps decipher the pathogenetic mechanism from a metabolic perspective. RESULTS The diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly decreased in DKD patients when compared with that of the non-DKD population and was increased in the patients with more advanced DKD stages. The DKD severity in mice was relieved after healthy gut microbiota reconstruction. The common harmful microbial community was accumulated in the subjects with more severe DKD phenotypes (i.e., DKD and DKD5 patients and DKD mice). The harmful microbial community was positively associated with the serum injurious metabolites (e.g., cholic acid and hippuric acid). CONCLUSION The fecal microbial community was altered markedly in DKD. Combining the fecal analysis of both human and animal models selected the accumulated harmful pathogens. Partially recovering healthy gut microbiota can relieve DKD phenotypes via influencing pathogens' effect on DKD mice's metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory Animal Platform of Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yijun Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suying Ding
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory Animal Platform of Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zeng L, Chen G, Zhang L, Liu M, Sheng H, Hu X, Su J, Zhang D, Lu F, Liu X, Zhang L. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Related Serum Metabolites in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:757508. [PMID: 34899312 PMCID: PMC8652004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.757508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with the progression of renal fibrosis. As gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to renal damage and fibrosis, we investigated the role of gut microbiota and microbiota-related serum metabolites in DKD progression in this study. Methods: Fecal and serum samples obtained from predialysis DKD patients from January 2017 to December 2019 were detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Forty-one predialysis patients were divided into two groups according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): the DKD non-ESRD group (eGFR ≥ 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) (n = 22), and the DKD ESRD group (eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) (n = 19). The metabolic pathways related to differential serum metabolites were obtained by the KEGG pathway analysis. Differences between the two groups relative to gut microbiota profiles and serum metabolites were investigated, and associations between gut microbiota and metabolite concentrations were assessed. Correlations between clinical indicators and both microbiota-related metabolites and gut microbiota were calculated by Spearman rank correlation coefficient and visualized by heatmap. Results: Eleven different intestinal floras and 239 different serum metabolites were identified between the two groups. Of 239 serum metabolites, 192 related to the 11 different intestinal flora were mainly enriched in six metabolic pathways, among which, phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolic pathways were most associated with DKD progression. Four microbiota-related metabolites in the phenylalanine metabolic pathway [hippuric acid (HA), L-(−)-3-phenylactic acid, trans-3-hydroxy-cinnamate, and dihydro-3-coumaric acid] and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) in the tryptophan metabolic pathway positively correlated with DKD progression, whereas L-tryptophan in the tryptophan metabolic pathway had a negative correlation. Intestinal flora g_Abiotrophia and g_norank_f_Peptococcaceae were positively correlated with the increase in renal function indicators and serum metabolite HA. G_Lachnospiraceae_NC2004_Group was negatively correlated with the increase in renal function indicators and serum metabolites [L-(−)-3-phenyllactic acid and IAA]. Conclusions: This study highlights the interaction among gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and clinical indicators in predialysis DKD patients, and provides new insights into the role of gut microbiota and microbiota-related serum metabolites that were enriched in the phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolic pathways, which correlated with the progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zeng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - La Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongqin Sheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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The Beneficial Effects of Probiotics via Autophagy: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2931580. [PMID: 34901266 PMCID: PMC8664546 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2931580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms increasingly used to treat or modulate different diseases or disorders because of their benefits and also low adverse reaction, and their positive and protective effects on various cells and tissues have been reported. The mechanisms by which probiotics exert their beneficial effects in different cells and tissues were investigated, and autophagy is one of the main mechanisms to induce their positive effects. Autophagy is a conserved process that occurs in all eukaryotic cells and plays an essential role in homeostasis and cell survival by degrading damaged and dysfunctional intracellular organelles. On the other hand, the role of autophagy is diverse in different tissues and situations, and cell death derived from autophagy has been observed in some cells. This search was done in PubMed, WOS, and Scopus using the keywords probiotic, microbiota, and autophagy. The search strategy was focused on the in vitro and animal model studies, and the included filters were English language publications and full-text articles (by June 2020). Studies that investigated other underlying mechanisms except autophagy were excluded. Among more than 105 papers, 24 studies were considered eligible for more evaluation. The obtained results indicated that most studies were performed on intestinal cell lines or tissue compared with other types of cell lines and tissue. This review article discusses our current understanding of the probiotic effects through autophagy in different cell lines and tissues that would be a useful guide to daily and clinical usage of these living microorganisms, but despite promising results of this systematic review, further studies need to assess this issue. This systematic review has demonstrated that autophagy is an effective mechanism in inducing beneficial effects of probiotics in different tissues.
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Yu S, Li C, Ji G, Zhang L. The Contribution of Dietary Fructose to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:783393. [PMID: 34867414 PMCID: PMC8637741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.783393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose, especially industrial fructose (sucrose and high fructose corn syrup) is commonly used in all kinds of beverages and processed foods. Liver is the primary organ for fructose metabolism, recent studies suggest that excessive fructose intake is a driving force in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dietary fructose metabolism begins at the intestine, along with its metabolites, may influence gut barrier and microbiota community, and contribute to increased nutrient absorption and lipogenic substrates overflow to the liver. Overwhelming fructose and the gut microbiota-derived fructose metabolites (e.g., acetate, butyric acid, butyrate and propionate) trigger the de novo lipogenesis in the liver, and result in lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis. Fructose also reprograms the metabolic phenotype of liver cells (hepatocytes, macrophages, NK cells, etc.), and induces the occurrence of inflammation in the liver. Besides, there is endogenous fructose production that expands the fructose pool. Considering the close association of fructose metabolism and NAFLD, the drug development that focuses on blocking the absorption and metabolism of fructose might be promising strategies for NAFLD. Here we provide a systematic discussion of the underlying mechanisms of dietary fructose in contributing to the development and progression of NAFLD, and suggest the possible targets to prevent the pathogenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Almesned MA, Prins FM, Lipšic E, Connelly MA, Garcia E, Dullaart RPF, Groot HE, van der Harst P. Temporal Course of Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235677. [PMID: 34884379 PMCID: PMC8658331 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) at admission has a prognostic value in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. However, its sequential changes and relationship with long-term infarct-related outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain elusive. We delineated the temporal course of TMAO and its relationship with infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) post-PCI, adjusting for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We measured TMAO levels at admission, 24 h and 4 months post-PCI in 379 STEMI patients. Infarct size and LVEF were determined by cardiac magnetic resonance 4 months after PCI. TMAO levels decreased from admission (4.13 ± 4.37 μM) to 24 h (3.41 ± 5.84 μM, p = 0.001) and increased from 24 h to 4 months (3.70 ± 3.86 μM, p = 0.026). Higher TMAO values at 24 h were correlated to smaller infarct sizes (rho = −0.16, p = 0.024). Larger declines between admission and 4 months suggestively correlated with smaller infarct size, and larger TMAO increases between 24 h and 4 months were associated with larger infarct size (rho = −0.19, p = 0.008 and rho = −0.18, p = 0.019, respectively). Upon eGFR stratification using 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 as a cut-off, significant associations between TMAO and infarct size were only noted in subjects with impaired renal function. In conclusion, TMAO levels in post-PCI STEMI patients are prone to fluctuations, and these fluctuations could be prognostic for infarct size, particularly in patients with impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Almesned
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.A.A.); (F.M.P.); (E.L.); (H.E.G.)
| | - Femke M. Prins
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.A.A.); (F.M.P.); (E.L.); (H.E.G.)
| | - Erik Lipšic
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.A.A.); (F.M.P.); (E.L.); (H.E.G.)
| | - Margery A. Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (M.A.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Erwin Garcia
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (M.A.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Hilde E. Groot
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.A.A.); (F.M.P.); (E.L.); (H.E.G.)
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.A.A.); (F.M.P.); (E.L.); (H.E.G.)
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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131
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Dong Y, Silver SM, Sterns RH. Estimating urine volume from the urine creatinine concentration. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 38:811-818. [PMID: 34850163 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spot determinations of the urine creatinine concentration are widely used as a substitute for 24-hour urine collections. Expressed as the amount excreted per gram of creatinine, urine concentrations in a single-voided sample are often used to estimate 24-hour excretion rates of protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, urea, and uric acid. These estimates are predicated on the assumption that daily creatinine excretion equals 1 gm (and that a urine creatinine concentration of 100 mg/dl reflects a 1 Liter 24-hour urine volume). Such estimates are invalid if the serum creatinine concentration is rising or falling. In addition, because creatinine excretion is determined by muscle mass, the assumption that 24-hour urine creatinine excretion equals 1 gm yields a misleading estimate at the extremes of age and body size. In this review we evaluate seven equations for the accuracy of their estimates of urine volume based on urine creatinine concentrations in actual and idealized patients. None of the equations work well in patients who are morbidly obese or in patients with markedly decreased muscle mass. In other patients, estimates based on a reformulation of the Cockroft-Gault equation are reasonably accurate. A recent study based on this relationship found a high strength of correlation between estimated and measured urine output with chronic kidney disease (CKD) studied in the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) trial and for the patients studied in the CKD Optimal Management with Binders and NictomidE (COMBINE) trial. However, the equation systematically underestimated urine output in the AASK trial. Hence, an intercept was added to account for the bias in estimated output. A more rigorous equation, derived from an ambulatory Swiss population, that includes body mass index and models the non-linear accelerated decline in creatinine excretion with age, could potentially be more accurate in overweight and elderly patients. In addition to extremes of body weight and muscle mass, decreased dietary intake or reduced hepatic synthesis of creatine, a precursor of creatinine, or ingestion of creatine supplements will also result in inaccurate estimates. These limitations must be appreciated to rationally use predictive equations to estimate urine volume. If the baseline urine creatinine concentration is determined in a sample of known volume, subsequent urine creatinine concentrations will reveal actual urine output as well as the change in urine output. Given the constraints of the various estimating equations, a single baseline timed collection may be more useful strategy for monitoring urine volume than entering anthropomorphic data into a calculator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Dong
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Richard H Sterns
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA.,University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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132
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Steenbeke M, Valkenburg S, Gryp T, Van Biesen W, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM, Glorieux G. Gut Microbiota and Their Derived Metabolites, a Search for Potential Targets to Limit Accumulation of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110809. [PMID: 34822593 PMCID: PMC8625482 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by gut dysbiosis with a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Levels of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of albumin increase with CKD, both risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The relationship between fecal metabolites and plasma concentrations of PBUTs in different stages of CKD (n = 103) was explored. Estimated GFR tends to correlate with fecal butyric acid (BA) concentrations (rs = 0.212; p = 0.032), which, in its turn, correlates with the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Specific SCFAs correlate with concentrations of PBUT precursors in feces. Fecal levels of p-cresol correlate with its derived plasma UTs (p-cresyl sulfate: rs = 0.342, p < 0.001; p-cresyl glucuronide: rs = 0.268, p = 0.006), whereas an association was found between fecal and plasma levels of indole acetic acid (rs = 0.306; p = 0.002). Finally, the albumin symmetry factor correlates positively with eGFR (rs = 0.274; p = 0.005). The decreased abundance of SCFA-producing gut bacteria in parallel with the fecal concentration of BA and indole could compromise the intestinal barrier function in CKD. It is currently not known if this contributes to increased plasma levels of PBUTs, potentially playing a role in the PTMs of albumin. Further evaluation of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs as potential targets to restore both gut dysbiosis and uremia is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Steenbeke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Valkenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Gryp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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133
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Intestinal Microbiota as a Contributor to Chronic Inflammation and Its Potential Modifications. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113839. [PMID: 34836095 PMCID: PMC8618457 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a crucial factor in maintaining homeostasis. The presence of commensal microorganisms leads to the stimulation of the immune system and its maturation. In turn, dysbiosis with an impaired intestinal barrier leads to accelerated contact of microbiota with the host’s immune cells. Microbial structural parts, i.e., pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as flagellin (FLG), peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induce inflammation via activation of pattern recognition receptors. Microbial metabolites can also develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is the cause of many metabolic diseases. This article aims to systematize information on the influence of microbiota on chronic inflammation and the benefits of microbiota modification through dietary changes, prebiotics, and probiotic intake. Scientific research indicates that the modification of the microbiota in various disease states can reduce inflammation and improve the metabolic profile. However, since there is no pattern for a healthy microbiota, there is no optimal way to modify it. The methods of influencing microbiota should be adapted to the type of dysbiosis. Although there are studies on the microbiota and its effects on inflammation, this subject is still relatively unknown, and more research is needed in this area.
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134
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Melekoglu E, Samur FG. Dietary strategies for gut-derived protein-bound uremic toxins and cardio-metabolic risk factors in chronic kidney disease: A focus on dietary fibers. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-15. [PMID: 34704501 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1996331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with altered composition and function of gut microbiota. The cause of gut dysbiosis in CKD is multifactorial and encompasses the following: uremic state, metabolic acidosis, slow colonic transit, dietary restrictions of plant-based fiber-rich foods, and pharmacological therapies. Dietary restriction of potassium-rich fruits and vegetables, which are common sources of fermentable dietary fibers, inhibits the conversion of dietary fibers to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are the primary nutrient source for the symbiotic gut microbiota. Reduced consumption of fermentable dietary fibers limits the population of SCFA-forming bacteria and causes dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Gut dysbiosis induces colonic fermentation of protein and formation of gut-derived uremic toxins. In this review, we discuss the roles and benefits of dietary fiber on gut-derived protein-bound uremic toxins and plant-based dietary patterns that could be recommended to decrease uremic toxin formation in CKD patients. Recent studies have indicated that dietary fiber supplementation may be useful to decrease gut-derived uremic toxin formation and slow CKD progression. However, research on associations between adherence of healthy dietary patterns and gut-derived uremic toxins formation in patients with CKD is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Melekoglu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - F Gulhan Samur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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135
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Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Wojnicka J, Korona-Głowniak I, Grywalska E, Błażewicz A, Załuska W. A Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Gut Microbiota in Immunological and Nutritional Aspects. Nutrients 2021; 13:3637. [PMID: 34684638 PMCID: PMC8540836 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is generally progressive and irreversible, structural or functional renal impairment for 3 or more months affecting multiple metabolic pathways. Recently, the composition, dynamics, and stability of a patient's microbiota has been noted to play a significant role during disease onset or progression. Increasing urea concentration during CKD can lead to an acceleration of the process of kidney injury leading to alterations in the intestinal microbiota that can increase the production of gut-derived toxins and alter the intestinal epithelial barrier. A detailed analysis of the relationship between the role of intestinal microbiota and the development of inflammation within the symbiotic and dysbiotic intestinal microbiota showed significant changes in kidney dysfunction. Several recent studies have determined that dietary factors can significantly influence the activation of immune cells and their mediators. Moreover, dietary changes can profoundly affect the balance of gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to present the importance and factors influencing the differentiation of the human microbiota in the progression of kidney diseases, such as CKD, IgA nephropathy, idiopatic nephropathy, and diabetic kidney disease, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. Moreover, the effects of nutrients, bioactive compounds on the immune system in development of chronic kidney disease were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Julia Wojnicka
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Wojciech Załuska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
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136
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Zhu H, Cao C, Wu Z, Zhang H, Sun Z, Wang M, Xu H, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Pei G, Yang Q, Zhu F, Yang J, Deng X, Hong Y, Li Y, Sun J, Zhu F, Shi M, Qian K, Ye T, Zuo X, Zhao F, Guo J, Xu G, Yao Y, Zeng R. The probiotic L. casei Zhang slows the progression of acute and chronic kidney disease. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1926-1942.e8. [PMID: 34270930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unclear. Here, we show that oral administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang (L. casei Zhang) corrected bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced gut microbial dysbiosis, alleviated kidney injury, and delayed its progression to CKD in mice. L. casei Zhang elevated the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and nicotinamide in the serum and kidney, resulting in reduced renal inflammation and damage to renal tubular epithelial cells. We also performed a 1-year phase 1 placebo-controlled study of oral L. casei Zhang use (Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR-INR-17013952), which was well tolerated and slowed the decline of kidney function in individuals with stage 3-5 CKD. These results show that oral administration of L. casei Zhang, by altering SCFAs and nicotinamide metabolism, is a potential therapy to mitigate kidney injury and slow the progression of renal decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chujin Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhongcai Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huzi Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guangchang Pei
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fengming Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yinzheng Li
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengxia Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuezhi Zuo
- Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fenfei Zhao
- Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430000, China; Wuhan Biobank, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430000, China; Wuhan Biobank, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Li M, Wei Y, Cai M, Gu R, Pan X, Du J. Perilla peptides delay the progression of kidney disease by improving kidney apoptotic injury and oxidative stress and maintaining intestinal barrier function. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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138
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Bin-Jumah MN, Gilani SJ, Hosawi S, Al-Abbasi FA, Zeyadi M, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Nadeem MS, Kazmi I. Pathobiological Relationship of Excessive Dietary Intake of Choline/L-Carnitine: A TMAO Precursor-Associated Aggravation in Heart Failure in Sarcopenic Patients. Nutrients 2021; 13:3453. [PMID: 34684454 PMCID: PMC8540684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microecological environment of the gastrointestinal tract is altered if there is an imbalance between the gut microbiota phylases, resulting in a variety of diseases. Moreover, progressive age not only slows down physical activity but also reduces the fat metabolism pathway, which may lead to a reduction in the variety of bacterial strains and bacteroidetes' abundance, promoting firmicutes and proteobacteria growth. As a result, dysbiosis reduces physiological adaptability, boosts inflammatory markers, generates ROS, and induces the destruction of free radical macromolecules, leading to sarcopenia in older patients. Research conducted at various levels indicates that the microbiota of the gut is involved in pathogenesis and can be considered as the causative agent of several cardiovascular diseases. Local and systematic inflammatory reactions are caused in patients with heart failure, as ischemia and edema are caused by splanchnic hypoperfusion and enable both bacterial metabolites and bacteria translocation to enter from an intestinal barrier, which is already weakened, to the blood circulation. Multiple diseases, such as HF, include healthy microbe-derived metabolites. These key findings demonstrate that the gut microbiota modulates the host's metabolism, either specifically or indirectly, by generating multiple metabolites. Currently, the real procedures that are an analogy to the symptoms in cardiac pathologies, such as cardiac mass dysfunctions and modifications, are investigated at a minimum level in older patients. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the existing knowledge about a particular diet, including trimethylamine, which usually seems to be effective for the improvement of cardiac and skeletal muscle, such as choline and L-carnitine, which may aggravate the HF process in sarcopenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
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Chrzastek K, Leng J, Zakaria MK, Bialy D, La Ragione R, Shelton H. Low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection retards colon microbiota diversification in two different chicken lines. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:64. [PMID: 34583770 PMCID: PMC8479891 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A commensal microbiota regulates and is in turn regulated by viruses during host infection which can influence virus infectivity. In this study, analysis of colon microbiota population changes following a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (AIV) of the H9N2 subtype infection of two different chicken breeds was conducted. METHODS Colon samples were taken from control and infected groups at various timepoints post infection. 16S rRNA sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform was performed on the samples and the data mapped to operational taxonomic units of bacterial using a QIIME based pipeline. Microbial community structure was then analysed in each sample by number of observed species and phylogenetic diversity of the population. RESULTS We found reduced microbiota alpha diversity in the acute period of AIV infection (day 2-3) in both Rhode Island Red and VALO chicken lines. From day 4 post infection a gradual increase in diversity of the colon microbiota was observed, but the diversity did not reach the same level as in uninfected chickens by day 10 post infection, suggesting that AIV infection retards the natural accumulation of colon microbiota diversity, which may further influence chicken health following recovery from infection. Beta diversity analysis indicated a bacterial species diversity difference between the chicken lines during and following acute influenza infection but at phylum and bacterial order level the colon microbiota dysbiosis was similar in the two different chicken breeds. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that H9N2 influenza A virus impacts the chicken colon microbiota in a predictable way that could be targeted via intervention to protect or mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joy Leng
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Mohammad Khalid Zakaria
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dagmara Bialy
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK.
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Bungau SG, Behl T, Singh A, Sehgal A, Singh S, Chigurupati S, Vijayabalan S, Das S, Palanimuthu VR. Targeting Probiotics in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103376. [PMID: 34684377 PMCID: PMC8539185 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive inflammatory disorder characterized by swollen joints, discomfort, tightness, bone degeneration and frailty. Genetic, agamogenetic and sex-specific variables, Prevotella, diet, oral health and gut microbiota imbalance are all likely causes of the onset or development of RA, perhaps the specific pathways remain unknown. Lactobacillus spp. probiotics are often utilized as relief or dietary supplements to treat bowel diseases, build a strong immune system and sustain the immune system. At present, the action mechanism of Lactobacillus spp. towards RA remains unknown. Therefore, researchers conclude the latest analysis to effectively comprehend the ultimate pathogenicity of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as the functions of probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus acidophilus, in the treatment of RA in therapeutic and diagnostic reports. RA is a chronic inflammation immunological illness wherein the gut microbiota is affected. Probiotics are organisms that can regulate gut microbiota, which may assist to relieve RA manifestations. Over the last two decades, there has been a surge in the use of probiotics. However, just a few research have considered the effect of probiotic administration on the treatment and prevention of arthritis. Randomized regulated experimental trials have shown that particular probiotics supplement has anti-inflammatory benefits, helps people with RA enhance daily activities and alleviates symptoms. As a result, utilizing probiotic microorganisms as therapeutics could be a potential possibility for arthritis treatment. This review highlights the known data on the therapeutic and preventative effects of probiotics in RA, as well as their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral Scool of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.G.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Anuja Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shantini Vijayabalan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Suprava Das
- Deprtment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Malaysia;
| | - Vasanth Raj Palanimuthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, Tamilnadu, India;
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141
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Roviello G, Iannone LF, Bersanelli M, Mini E, Catalano M. The gut microbiome and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107973. [PMID: 34453999 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been deeply changed by immunotherapy, achieving unprecedented improvement in overall and progression-free survival in several advanced and metastatic cancers. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) and programmed death/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) are being tested and approved for different tumors, ranging from melanoma to lung carcinoma. However, only a subgroup of patients can reach treatment benefits and long-term responses, and reliable biomarkers that can accurately predict clinical responses to immunotherapy are still unidentified. In the last decade, accumulating evidence seems to suggest the gut microbiota as one of the modulators that can alter the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy drugs (as well as chemotherapeutics), mainly acting through the local and systemic immune system. Herein, we reviewed the highly dynamic and complex microbiome-immune system interface, its bidirectional relationship with cancer immunotherapies, and explored the future possibilities and risks in manipulating the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Melissa Bersanelli
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma and Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Karaduta O, Glazko G, Dvanajscak Z, Arthur J, Mackintosh S, Orr L, Rahmatallah Y, Yeruva L, Tackett A, Zybailov B. Resistant starch slows the progression of CKD in the 5/6 nephrectomy mouse model. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14610. [PMID: 33038060 PMCID: PMC7547583 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistant Starch (RS) improves CKD outcomes. In this report, we study how RS modulates host‐microbiome interactions in CKD by measuring changes in the abundance of proteins and bacteria in the gut. In addition, we demonstrate RS‐mediated reduction in CKD‐induced kidney damage. Methods Eight mice underwent 5/6 nephrectomy to induce CKD and eight served as healthy controls. CKD and Healthy (H) groups were further split into those receiving RS (CKDRS, n = 4; HRS, n = 4) and those on normal diet (CKD, n = 4, H, n = 4). Kidney injury was evaluated by measuring BUN/creatinine and by histopathological evaluation. Cecal contents were analyzed using mass spectrometry‐based metaproteomics and de novo sequencing using PEAKS. All the data were analyzed using R/Bioconductor packages. Results The 5/6 nephrectomy compromised kidney function as seen by an increase in BUN/creatinine compared to healthy groups. Histopathology of kidney sections showed reduced tubulointerstitial injury in the CKDRS versus CKD group; while no significant difference in BUN/creatinine was observed between the two CKD groups. Identified proteins point toward a higher population of butyrate‐producing bacteria, reduced abundance of mucin‐degrading bacteria in the RS fed groups, and to the downregulation of indole metabolism in CKD groups. Conclusion RS slows the progression of chronic kidney disease. Resistant starch supplementation leads to active bacterial proliferation and the reduction of harmful bacterial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Karaduta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Galina Glazko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - John Arthur
- Division of Nephrology, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Samuel Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Proteomics Core Facility, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lisa Orr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alan Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Proteomics Core Facility, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Boris Zybailov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
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143
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Abstract
Coexisting dysfunction of heart and kidney, the cardiorenal syndrome, is a common condition and is associated with worsening of outcomes and complexities of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic approaches. The knowledge of the physiology of heart and kidney and their interaction with each other and with other organ systems has progressed significantly in recent years, resulting in a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome. A robust knowledge of the pathophysiology and of the latest practical advancements about cardiorenal syndrome is necessary for cardiologists, nephrologists, and other practitioners who provide medical care to the patients with heart and kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parta Hatamizadeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension & Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, CG-98, PO Box 100224, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperammonemia occurs in cats with hepatobiliary and nutritional (cobalamin and arginine deficiency) disorders, and has also been documented in four cats with renal azotemia. We hypothesized that in cats with renal azotemia, fasting hyperammonemia would correlate with indices of worsening kidney function, and would be independent of cobalamin, potassium, systemic inflammation or urinary tract infection (UTI) with urease-producing bacteria. METHODS A fasted blood sample was prospectively collected for ammonia and cobalamin analysis from 18 client-owned cats with renal azotemia (creatinine [Cr] ⩾1.6 mg/dl, urine specific gravity <1.030 or documentation of historical chronic kidney disease [CKD]). Correlations between blood ammonia and selected biochemical parameters were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS Seven castrated males and 11 spayed females with a median age of 12 years (range 4-19 years) were enrolled. Ten of 18 (56%) cats presented for acute kidney injury (AKI) or acute on chronic kidney disease (AoCKD), and 8/18 (44%) presented for progressive CKD. The median Cr was 5.9 mg/dl (range 1.9-24.7 mg/dl). Hyperammonemia was documented in 4/18 (22%) cats, with a median of 95 µmol/dl (range 85-98 µmol/dl), and all four of these cats were classified as AKI/AoCKD. Blood ammonia concentrations had a significant moderate positive correlation between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (r = 0.645, P = 0.003), Cr (r = 0.578, P = 0.012) and serum phosphorus (r = 0.714, P = 0.0009) but not with cobalamin, potassium or white blood cell count. No cats had UTIs with urease-producing bacteria. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A correlation exists between blood ammonia and BUN, Cr and phosphorus in cats with renal azotemia. Future studies are warranted in a larger population of cats to determine the true prevalence, etiology and potential therapeutic effect of medical management of hyperammonemia on long-term prognosis in cats with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Carvalho
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Denise Kelley
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Friendship Hospital for Animals, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary Anna Labato
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia RL Webster
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, MA, USA
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145
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Hsu CN, Yang HW, Hou CY, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Tain YL. Melatonin Prevents Chronic Kidney Disease-Induced Hypertension in Young Rat Treated with Adenine: Implications of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1211. [PMID: 34439458 PMCID: PMC8388963 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a signaling hormone with pleiotropic biofunctions, has shown health benefits. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are uremic toxins involved in the development of hypertension. TMAO originates from trimethylamine (TMA), a gut microbial product. ADMA is an endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. We examined whether melatonin therapy could prevent hypertension and kidney disease by mediating gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the NO pathway using an adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) young rat model. Six-week-old young Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes were fed a regular diet (C group), a diet supplemented with 0.5% adenine (CKD group), or adenine plus 0.01% melatonin in their drinking water (CKD + M group) for three weeks (N = 8/group). Adenine-fed rats developed renal dysfunction, hypertension, renal hypertrophy and increased uremic toxin levels of TMAO and ADMA. Melatonin therapy prevented hypertension in both sexes and attenuated kidney injury in males. Melatonin reversed the changes to the plasma TMAO-to-TMA ratio induced by CKD in both sexes. Besides, the protective effects of melatonin were associated with restoration of gut microbiota alterations, including increased α-diversity, and enhancement of the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Roseburia in male rats. Melatonin therapy also partially prevented the increases in ADMA in male CKD rats. Melatonin sex-specifically protected young rats against hypertension and kidney injury induced by CKD. The results of this study contribute toward a greater understanding of the interaction between melatonin, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and the NO pathway that is behind CKD, which will help to prevent CKD-related disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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146
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Noce A, Marrone G, Wilson Jones G, Di Lauro M, Pietroboni Zaitseva A, Ramadori L, Celotto R, Mitterhofer AP, Di Daniele N. Nutritional Approaches for the Management of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:2534. [PMID: 34444694 PMCID: PMC8401674 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis is a severe complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is associated with nefarious impairments such as bone demineralization, muscle wasting, and hormonal alterations, for example, insulin resistance. Whilst it is possible to control this condition with alkali treatment, consisting in the oral administration of sodium citrate or sodium bicarbonate, this type of intervention is not free from side effects. On the contrary, opting for the implementation of a targeted dietetic-nutritional treatment for the control of CKD metabolic acidosis also comes with a range of additional benefits such as lipid profile control, increased vitamins, and antioxidants intake. In our review, we evaluated the main dietary-nutritional regimens useful to counteract metabolic acidosis, such as the Mediterranean diet, the alkaline diet, the low-protein diet, and the vegan low-protein diet, analyzing the potentialities and limits of every dietary-nutritional treatment. Literature data suggest that the Mediterranean and alkaline diets represent a valid nutritional approach in the prevention and correction of metabolic acidosis in CKD early stages, while the low-protein diet and the vegan low-protein diet are more effective in CKD advanced stages. In conclusion, we propose that tailored nutritional approaches should represent a valid therapeutic alternative to counteract metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (A.P.Z.); (L.R.); (A.P.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (A.P.Z.); (L.R.); (A.P.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Georgia Wilson Jones
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases—Nephrology and Dialysis Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (A.P.Z.); (L.R.); (A.P.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (A.P.Z.); (L.R.); (A.P.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Linda Ramadori
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (A.P.Z.); (L.R.); (A.P.M.); (N.D.D.)
- School of Specialization in Geriatrics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Celotto
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Paola Mitterhofer
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (A.P.Z.); (L.R.); (A.P.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (A.P.Z.); (L.R.); (A.P.M.); (N.D.D.)
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147
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Han N, Pan Z, Liu G, Yang R, Yujing B. Hypoxia: The "Invisible Pusher" of Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690600. [PMID: 34367091 PMCID: PMC8339470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is important to the human body. Cell survival and operations depend on oxygen. When the body becomes hypoxic, it affects the organs, tissues and cells and can cause irreversible damage. Hypoxia can occur under various conditions, including external environmental hypoxia and internal hypoxia. The gut microbiota plays different roles under hypoxic conditions, and its products and metabolites interact with susceptible tissues. This review was conducted to elucidate the complex relationship between hypoxia and the gut microbiota under different conditions. We describe the changes of intestinal microbiota under different hypoxic conditions: external environment and internal environment. For external environment, altitude was the mayor cause induced hypoxia. With the increase of altitude, hypoxia will become more serious, and meanwhile gut microbiota also changed obviously. Body internal environment also became hypoxia because of some diseases (such as cancer, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, even COVID-19). In addition to the disease itself, this hypoxia can also lead to changes of gut microbiota. The relationship between hypoxia and the gut microbiota are discussed under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bi Yujing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Szabó J, Maróti G, Solymosi N, Andrásofszky E, Tuboly T, Bersényi A, Bruckner G, Hullár I. Fructose, glucose and fat interrelationships with metabolic pathway regulation and effects on the gut microbiota. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:134-156. [PMID: 34224398 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this 30-day feeding study was to elucidate the changes, correlations, and mechanisms caused by the replacement of the starch content of the AIN-93G diet (St) with glucose (G), fructose (F) or lard (L) in body and organ weights, metabolic changes and caecal microbiota composition in rats (Wistar, SPF). The body weight gain of rats on the F diet was 12% less (P = 0.12) than in the St group. Rats on the L diet consumed 18.6% less feed, 31% more energy and gained 58.4% more than the animals on the St diet, indicating that, in addition to higher energy intake, better feed utilisation is a key factor in the obesogenic effect of diets of high nutrient and energy density. The G, F and L diets significantly increased the lipid content of the liver (St: 7.01 ± 1.48; G: 14.53 ± 8.77; F: 16.73 ± 8.77; L: 19.86 ± 4.92% of DM), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the liver is not a fructose-specific process. Relative to the St control, specific glucose effects were the decreasing serum glucagon (-41%) concentrations and glucagon/leptin ratio and the increasing serum leptin concentrations (+26%); specific fructose effects were the increased weights of the kidney, spleen, epididymal fat and the decreased weight of retroperitoneal fat and the lower immune response, as well as the increased insulin (+26%), glucagon (+26%) and decreased leptin (-25%) levels. This suggests a mild insulin resistance and catabolic metabolism in F rats. Specific lard effects were the decreased insulin (-9.14%) and increased glucagon (+40.44%) and leptin (+44.92%) levels. Relative to St, all diets increased the operational taxonomic units of the phylum Bacteroidetes. G and L decreased, while F increased the proportion of Firmicutes. F and L diets decreased the proportions of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Correlation and centrality analyses were conducted to ascertain the positive and negative correlations and relative weights of the 32 parameters studied in the metabolic network. These correlations and the underlying potential mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Szabó
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- 2Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- 3Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Andrásofszky
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tuboly
- 4Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bersényi
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Geza Bruckner
- 5Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - István Hullár
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
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Jones-Freeman B, Chonwerawong M, Marcelino VR, Deshpande AV, Forster SC, Starkey MR. The microbiome and host mucosal interactions in urinary tract diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:779-792. [PMID: 33542492 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The urinary tract consists of the bladder, ureters, and kidneys, and is an essential organ system for filtration and excretion of waste products and maintaining systemic homeostasis. In this capacity, the urinary tract is impacted by its interactions with other mucosal sites, including the genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems. Each of these sites harbors diverse ecosystems of microbes termed the microbiota, that regulates complex interactions with the local and systemic immune system. It remains unclear whether changes in the microbiota and associated metabolites may be a consequence or a driver of urinary tract diseases. Here, we review the current literature, investigating the impact of the microbiota on the urinary tract in homeostasis and disease including urinary stones, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and urinary tract infection. We propose new avenues for exploration of the urinary microbiome using emerging technology and discuss the potential of microbiome-based medicine for urinary tract conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Marcelino
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Aniruddh V Deshpande
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Urology and Surgery, John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Urology Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel C Forster
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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Ohkuma T, Iwase M, Fujii H, Ide H, Komorita Y, Yoshinari M, Oku Y, Higashi T, Oshiro A, Nakamura U, Kitazono T. Constipation and diabetic kidney disease: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:1247-1254. [PMID: 34173920 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation was shown to be associated with higher risk of end-stage kidney disease or incident chronic kidney disease, although evidence in diabetic patients is lacking. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between constipation and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS In total, 4826 Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes were classified according to presence or absence of constipation (defecation frequency < 3 times/week and/or taking laxative medication). DKD was defined as presence of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2), and/or albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g). Odds ratios for the presence of DKD were computed by a logistic regression model. RESULTS Compared with participants without constipation, the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio for presence of DKD was 1.58 (95% confidence interval 1.38-1.82) for those with constipation. This association persisted following adjustment for potential confounding factors. Decreased defecation frequency and laxative use were also significantly associated with higher prevalence of DKD. Overall, these findings were identical even when decreased eGFR and albuminuria were separately analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Constipation was associated with higher likelihood of DKD in patients with diabetes, suggesting the importance of clinical assessment of constipation to identify patients at high risk of progression of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Masanori Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Diabetes Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ide
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Diabetes Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Komorita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masahito Yoshinari
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Oral Health Science, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yutaro Oku
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Higashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ayaka Oshiro
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Diabetes Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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