101
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Ebersole J, Kirakodu S, Chen J, Nagarajan R, Gonzalez OA. Oral Microbiome and Gingival Transcriptome Profiles of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2020; 99:746-757. [PMID: 32075482 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520906138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation evaluated the relationship of the oral microbiome and gingival transcriptome in health and periodontitis in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta). Subgingival plaque samples and gingival biopsies were collected from healthy sites and at sites undergoing ligature-induced periodontitis. Microbial samples were analyzed with 16S amplicon sequencing to identify bacterial profiles in young (3 to 7 y) and adult (12 to 23 y) animals. The gingival transcriptome was determined with a microarray analysis and focused on the expression level of 452 genes that are associated with the development of inflammation and innate and adaptive immune responses. Of the 396 total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified across the samples, 81.8% were detected in the young group and 99.5% in the adult group. Nevertheless, 58 of the OTUs composed 88% of the signal in adults, and 49 OTUs covered 91% of the OTU readouts in the young group. Correlation analyses between the microbiome members and specific gingival genes showed a high number of significant bacteria-gene correlations in the young healthy tissues, which decreased by 75% in diseased tissues. In contrast, these correlations increased by 2.5-fold in diseased versus healthy tissues of adult animals. Complexes of bacteria were delineated that related to specific sets of immune genes, differing in health and disease and in the young versus adult animals. The correlated gene profiles demonstrated selected pathway overrepresentation related to particular bacterial complexes. These results provide novel insights into microbiome changes with disease and the relationship of these changes to specific gene profiles and likely biologic activities occurring in healthy and diseased gingival tissues in this human-like periodontitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Chen
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R Nagarajan
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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102
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Vohra F, Bukhari IA, Sheikh SA, Albaijan R, Naseem M, Hussain M. Effectiveness of scaling and root planing with and without adjunct probiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis among
shamma
users and non‐users: A randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1177-1185. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science College of Dentistry King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishfaq A. Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed A. Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Refal Albaijan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science College of Dentistry King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Community And Preventive Dental sciences Dow International Dental College (DIDC) Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Hussain
- Department of Community Dentistry Karachi Medical and Dental College Karachi Pakistan
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103
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Frey AM, Satur MJ, Phansopa C, Honma K, Urbanowicz PA, Spencer DIR, Pratten J, Bradshaw D, Sharma A, Stafford G. Characterization of Porphyromonas gingivalis sialidase and disruption of its role in host-pathogen interactions. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 165:1181-1197. [PMID: 31517596 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Key to onset and progression of periodontitis is a complex relationship between oral bacteria and the host. The organisms most associated with severe periodontitis are the periodontal pathogens of the red complex: Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis. These organisms express sialidases, which cleave sialic acid from host glycoproteins, and contribute to disease through various mechanisms. Here, we expressed and purified recombinant P. gingivalis sialidase SiaPG (PG_0352) and characterized its activity on a number of substrates, including host sialoglycoproteins and highlighting the inability to cleave diacetylated sialic acids - a phenomenon overcome by the NanS sialate-esterase from T. forsythia. Indeed SiaPG required NanS to maximize sialic acid harvesting from heavily O-acetylated substrates such as bovine salivary mucin, hinting at the possibility of interspecies cooperation in sialic acid release from host sources by these members of the oral microbiota. Activity of SiaPG and P. gingivalis was inhibited using the commercially available chemotherapeutic zanamivir, indicating its potential as a virulence inhibitor, which also inhibited sialic acid release from mucin, and was capable of inhibiting biofilm formation of P. gingivalis on oral glycoprotein sources. Zanamivir also inhibited attachment and invasion of oral epithelial cells by P. gingivalis and other periodontal pathogens, both in monospecies but also in multispecies infection experiments, indicating potential to suppress host-pathogen interactions of a mixed microbial community. This study broadens our understanding of the multifarious roles of bacterial sialidases in virulence, and indicates that their inhibition with chemotherapeutics could be a promising strategy for periodontitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Frey
- University of South Florida, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, 4202 East Fowler Ave, ISA2015, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.,Integrated BioSciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Marianne J Satur
- Integrated BioSciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Chatchawal Phansopa
- Integrated BioSciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Kiyonobu Honma
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Pratten
- Oral Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, St. Georges Avenue, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - David Bradshaw
- Oral Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, St. Georges Avenue, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Graham Stafford
- Integrated BioSciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
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104
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Ebersole JL, Al-Sabbagh M, Dawson DR. Heterogeneity of human serum antibody responses to P. gingivalis in periodontitis: Effects of age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Immunol Lett 2020; 218:11-21. [PMID: 31863783 PMCID: PMC6956649 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging humans display an increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis, although the mechanisms underlying these findings remain poorly understood. This report examined antigenic diversity of P. gingivalis related to disease presence and patient demographics. Serum IgG antibody to P. gingivalis strains ATCC33277, FDC381, W50 (ATCC53978), W83, A7A1-28 (ATCC53977) and A7436 was measured in 426 participants [periodontally healthy (n = 61), gingivitis (N = 66) or various levels of periodontitis (N = 299)]. We hypothesized that antigenic diversity in P. gingivalis could contribute to a lack of "immunity" in the chronic infections of periodontal disease. Across the strains, the antibody levels in the oldest age group were lower than in the youngest groups, and severe periodontitis patients did not show higher antibody with aging. While 80 % of the periodontitis patients in any age group showed an elevated response to at least one of the P. gingivalis strains, the patterns of individual responses in the older group were also substantially different than the other age groups. Significantly greater numbers of older patients showed strain-specific antibody profiles to only 1 strain. The findings support that P. gingivalis may demonstrate antigenic diversity/drift within patients and could be one factor to help explain the inefficiency/ineffectiveness of the adaptive immune response in managing the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas and Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, United States.
| | - M Al-Sabbagh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas and Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - D R Dawson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas and Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, United States
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105
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Colombo APV, Tanner ACR. The Role of Bacterial Biofilms in Dental Caries and Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases: A Historical Perspective. J Dent Res 2020; 98:373-385. [PMID: 30890060 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519830686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last hundred years, groundbreaking research in oral microbiology has provided a broad and deep understanding about the oral microbiome, its interactions with our body, and how the community can affect our health, be protective, or lead to the development of dental diseases. During this exciting journey, hypotheses were proposed, and concepts were established, discarded, and later revisited from updated perspectives. Dental plaque, previously considered a polymicrobial community of unspecific pathogenicity, is recognized as microbial biofilms with healthy, cariogenic, or periodontopathogenic profiles, resulting from specific ecologic determinants and host factors. The "one pathogen, one disease" paradigm of oral infections has been replaced by a holistic concept of a microbial community as the entity of pathogenicity. Cutting-edge technology can now explore large microbial communities related to different clinical conditions, which has led to finding several novel disease-associated species and potential pathobionts and pathobiomes. This vast amount of data generated over time has widened our view of the etiology of caries and periodontal and peri-implant diseases and has promoted updated strategies to treat and prevent the oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P V Colombo
- 1 Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A C R Tanner
- 2 Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,3 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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106
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Chen Q, Wu G, Chen H, Li H, Li S, Zhang C, Pang X, Wang L, Zhao L, Shen J. Quantification of Human Oral and Fecal Streptococcus parasanguinis by Use of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Targeting the groEL Gene. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2910. [PMID: 31921079 PMCID: PMC6933288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two pairs of species-specific PCR primers targeting the housekeeping groEL gene, Spa146f-Spa525r and Spa93f-Spa525r, were designed to quantify human oral and fecal Streptococcus parasanguinis. Blast analysis against reference sequences of NCBI nucleotide collection database and the Chaperonin Sequence Database showed the forward primers Spa146f and Spa93f 100% matched only with S. parasanguinis, and the in silico Simulated PCR algorithm showed both primer pairs hit only S. parasanguinis groEL gene in Chaperonin Sequence Database. The two primer pairs were respectively used to perform PCR with saliva DNA of each of 6 human subjects, and the amplicons of individual PCR reactions were cloned. The phylogenetic analysis showed cloned sequences were all affiliated to S. parasanguinis, which further validates the specificity of two primer pairs, and that individual subjects harbored multiple genotypes of S. parasanguinis in saliva. By spiking S. parasanguinis into human fecal samples, we found the quantification limit of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays for both primer pairs was 5-6 log10 groEL copies/g feces. Human fecal S. parasanguinis amounts quantified with qPCR using each of the two primer pairs correlated well with those determined with metagenomic sequencing. qPCR with either primer pair showed periodontitis patients had significantly lower level of saliva S. parasanguinis than healthy people. In both feces and saliva, the S. parasanguinis abundances quantified with two primer pairs exhibited strong and significant correlation. Our results show that the two S. parasanguinis-specific primer pairs can be used to quantify and profile human saliva and fecal S. parasanguinis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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107
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Panda M, Rai AK, Rahman T, Das A, Das R, Sarma A, Kataki AC, Chattopadhyay I. Alterations of salivary microbial community associated with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:785-805. [PMID: 31832691 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The highest number (35.1% of global incident cases) of new oropharyngeal (OP) and hypopharyngeal (HP) cancer cases was reported in South-Central Asia. The highest incidence of HP cancer in India was reported in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, Aizawl District of Mizoram, and Kamrup Urban District of Assam. HP and OP cancer showed the highest mortality rate, worst prognoses and the highest rate of nodal metastases and distant metastases. Thus, research is required to detect specific biomarkers for early prevention and diagnosis for these cancers. Oral microbiome signatures in saliva are considered as a potential diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer. Bacterial profile alterations in OP and HP cancer have not been reported in India population, to establish the association of oral bacteria in the progression of OP and HP cancer; we studied bacterial communities in saliva of eight OP and seven HP cancer patients as compared to healthy controls using 16S rRNA V3-V4 region sequencing. The higher abundance of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus influenzae and Prevotella copri and lower abundance of Rothia mucilaginosa, Aggregatibacter segnis, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella nanceiensis, Rothia aeria, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Neisseria bacilliformis, Prevotella nigrescens and Selenomonas noxia in saliva of OP and HP cancer patients may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer patients. Streptococcus anginosus may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP cancer patients only. Therefore, evaluation of salivary microbial biomarkers may be informative to understand the pathobiology and carcinogenesis of OP and HP cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Panda
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India
| | - Avdhesh Kumar Rai
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Tashnin Rahman
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Ashok Das
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Rajjyoti Das
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Amal Ch Kataki
- Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A. K. Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781016, India
| | - Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India.
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108
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Sureda A, Daglia M, Argüelles Castilla S, Sanadgol N, Fazel Nabavi S, Khan H, Belwal T, Jeandet P, Marchese A, Pistollato F, Forbes-Hernandez T, Battino M, Berindan-Neagoe I, D'Onofrio G, Nabavi SM. Oral microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: Do all roads lead to Rome? Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104582. [PMID: 31794871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative pathology affecting milions of people worldwide associated with deposition of senile plaques. While the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with the onset and consolidation of late onset AD are heterogeneous and sporadic, growing evidence also suggests a potential link between some infectious diseases caused by oral microbiota and AD. Oral microbiota dysbiosis is purported to contribute either directly to amyloid protein production, or indirectly to neuroinflammation, occurring as a consequence of bacterial invasion. Over the last decade, the development of Human Oral Microbiome database (HOMD) has deepened our understanding of oral microbes and their different roles during the human lifetime. Oral pathogens mostly cause caries, periodontal disease, and edentulism in aged population, and, in particular, alterations of the oral microbiota causing chronic periodontal disease have been associated with the risk of AD. Here we describe how different alterations of the oral microbiota may be linked to AD, highlighting the importance of a good oral hygiene for the prevention of oral microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), and IdisBa, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran; Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex 51687, France
| | | | - Francesca Pistollato
- Centre for Health & Nutrition, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander, Spain
| | - Tamara Forbes-Hernandez
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo - Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo - Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain; Dept of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 34-36 Republicii Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grazia D'Onofrio
- Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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109
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Bassir SH, Chase I, Paster BJ, Gordon LB, Kleinman ME, Kieran MW, Kim DM, Sonis A. Microbiome at sites of gingival recession in children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. J Periodontol 2019. [PMID: 29520806 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disorder with significant oral and dental abnormalities. Clinical symptoms include various features of accelerated aging such as alopecia, loss of subcutaneous fat, bone abnormalities, and premature cardiovascular disease. In addition, children with HGPS have been observed to suffer from generalized gingival recession. Whether periodontal manifestations associated with this syndrome are the results of changes in the oral flora is unknown. The present study aimed to identify the microbial composition of subgingival sites with gingival recession in children with HGPS. METHODS Nine children with HGPS were enrolled in this study. Plaque samples were collected from teeth with gingival recession. DNA samples were analyzed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Microbial profiles from HGPS children were compared with microbial profiles of controls from healthy individuals (n = 9) and patients with periodontal disease (n = 9). RESULTS Comparison of microbial compositions of HGPS samples with periodontal health samples demonstrated significant differences for two bacterial taxa; Porphyromonas catoniae and Prevotella oulora were present in children with HGPS, but not normal controls. There were statistically significant differences of 20 bacterial taxa between HGPS and periodontal disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Typical periodontal pathogens were not present at sites with gingival recession in HGPS children. The microbial compositions of sites of gingival recession and attachment loss in HGPS were generally more similar to those of periodontal health than periodontal disease. Species other than typical periodontal pathogens may be involved in this recession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle Chase
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Leslie B Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monica E Kleinman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David M Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Sonis
- Department of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA
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110
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Holden R, Lewkenbandara R, Pasztor M, Okonkwo EK. Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis complicated by aortic root abscess: a case report. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000051. [PMID: 32974556 PMCID: PMC7472547 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present report describes a case of infective endocarditis complicated with aortic root abscess caused by Cardiobacterium hominis in a 56-year-old man. C. hominis is a microaerophilic, pleomorphic Gram-negative bacillus and member of the Haemophilus species, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, C. hominis, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella kingae (HACEK) group, a group of bacteria known to be a rare cause of endocarditis. With prompt diagnosis and initiation of antimicrobial and surgical management, a successful outcome was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Holden
- Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospital Morecambe Bay NHS Trust (UHMB), Ashton Road, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4RP, UK
- *Correspondence: Robert Holden,
| | - Rashmi Lewkenbandara
- Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospital Morecambe Bay NHS Trust (UHMB), Ashton Road, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4RP, UK
| | - Monika Pasztor
- Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospital Morecambe Bay NHS Trust (UHMB), Ashton Road, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4RP, UK
| | - Ekene Kenneth Okonkwo
- Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospital Morecambe Bay NHS Trust (UHMB), Ashton Road, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4RP, UK
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111
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Ortiz S, Herrman E, Lyashenko C, Purcell A, Raslan K, Khor B, Snow M, Forsyth A, Choi D, Maier T, Machida CA. Sex-specific differences in the salivary microbiome of caries-active children. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1653124. [PMID: 31497256 PMCID: PMC6720314 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1653124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dental caries is a chronic disease affecting young children and has multi-factorial risk factors. The purpose of this work was to identify sex-specific differences in the salivary microbiota within caries-active children. Design: Saliva specimens were collected from 85 children (boys: 41; girls: 44) between the ages of 2-12 years. Salivary microbial DNA was subjected to PCR amplification using V3-V4 16S rDNA-specific primers and next-generation sequencing. Results: Significant sex differences in salivary microbiota were found between caries-active boys versus caries-active girls. Neisseria flavescens, Rothia aeria, and Haemophilus pittmaniae were found at significantly higher levels in caries-active boys. In contrast, Lactococcus lactis, Selenomonas species HOT 126, Actinobaculum species HOT 183, Veillonella parvula, and Alloprevotella species HOT 473 were found at significantly higher levels in caries-active girls. Conclusion: We have found the acid-generating, cariogenic Lactococcus lactis to be much more abundant in caries-active girls than caries-active boys, indicating that this microorganism may play a more significant role in shaping the cariogenic microbiome in girls. In addition, in caries-active girls, Alloprevotella species HOT 473 was the only species that exhibited both significant sex differences (4.4-fold difference; p=0.0003) as well as high abundance in numbers (1.85% of the total microbial population).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ortiz
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
| | - Elisa Herrman
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
| | - Claudia Lyashenko
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
| | - Anne Purcell
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
| | - Kareem Raslan
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
| | - Brandon Khor
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
| | - Michael Snow
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
| | - Anna Forsyth
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
| | - Dongseok Choi
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Kyunghee University, Portland, OR, US
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyunghee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tom Maier
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
| | - Curtis A. Machida
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, US
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112
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Arweiler NB, Marx VK, Laugisch O, Sculean A, Auschill TM. Clinical evaluation of a newly developed chairside test to determine periodontal pathogens. J Periodontol 2019; 91:387-395. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Arweiler
- Department of Periodontology & Peri‐implant Diseases Philipps‐University Marburg Germany
| | - Vanessa K. Marx
- Department of Periodontology & Peri‐implant Diseases Philipps‐University Marburg Germany
| | - Oliver Laugisch
- Department of Periodontology & Peri‐implant Diseases Philipps‐University Marburg Germany
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Thorsten M. Auschill
- Department of Periodontology & Peri‐implant Diseases Philipps‐University Marburg Germany
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113
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Saho H, Takeuchi N, Ekuni D, Morita M. Incidence of the Acute Symptom of Chronic Periodontal Disease in Patients Undergoing Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A 5-Year Study Evaluating Climate Variables. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3070. [PMID: 31450831 PMCID: PMC6747390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although patients under supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) have a stable periodontal condition, the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease occasionally occurs without a clear reason. Therefore, in the present study, to obtain a better understanding of this relationship in patients undergoing SPT, we hypothesized that the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease might be affected by climate factors. We conducted a questionnaire study and carried out oral examinations on patients undergoing SPT who had been diagnosed as having the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease. We collected climate data from the local climate office in Okayama city, Japan. We predicted parameters that affect the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease with unidentified cause and divided patients into high and low groups in terms of climate predictors. Then we defined the cut-off values of parameters showing significant differences in the incidence of the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease. The incidence of the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease with unidentified cause was significantly different when the cases were classified according to the maximum hourly decrease in barometric pressure (1.5 and 1.9 hPa) (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). This suggests that climate variables could be predictors of the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of these factors could help periodontal patients undergoing SPT prepare to avoid the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Saho
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Noriko Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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114
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Liu WJ, Xiao M, Yi J, Li Y, Kudinha T, Xu YC. First case report of bacteremia caused by Solobacterium moorei in China, and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:730. [PMID: 31429713 PMCID: PMC6700775 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solobacterium moorei, the only species in the genus Solobacterium, is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strict anaerobic, short to long bacillus. It has rarely been documented to cause blood stream infections. Here we report the first case of bacteremia caused by S.moorei in China. Case presentation A 61-year-old male presented to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing) with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and several other underlying diseases. He also had persistent coma accompanied by intermittent convulsions, halitosis, and intermittent fever. Blood cultures taken when the patient had a high fever were positive, with the anaerobic bottle yielding an organism identified as S.moorei by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whilst the aerobic bottle grew Streptococcus mitis. After replacement of venous pipeline, and empirical use of vancomycin and meropenem, the patient’s body temperature and white blood cell count returned to normal. Unfortunately, the patient died of severe TTP. Conclusion This is the first case report of S. moorei isolation from blood stream in China. 16S rRNA gene sequencing is the only method that can identify S. moorei. Blood cultures must be taken before administration of antibiotics, and anaerobic culture should be considered for such rare pathogens in patients with oral diseases and immune deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Timothy Kudinha
- Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology LaboratoryServices, ICPMR-Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.
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115
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Inui T, Palmer RJ, Shah N, Li W, Cisar JO, Wu CD. Effect of mechanically stimulated saliva on initial human dental biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11805. [PMID: 31413280 PMCID: PMC6694102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of mechanically stimulated saliva on initial bacterial colonization. Interaction between oral bacteria and both unstimulated and stimulated saliva was examined in vitro by laying labeled bacteria over SDS-PAGE-separated salivary proteins. The effects of chewing on in vivo biofilm, microbial composition, and spatial arrangement were examined in two human volunteers using an intraoral stent containing retrievable enamel chips. In vitro experiments showed that bacterial binding to proteins from stimulated saliva was lower than that to proteins from unstimulated saliva. Lack of binding activity was noted with Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) analyses revealed a consistent chewing-related increase in the binding of Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus gordonii. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated the presence of multi-species colonies and cells bearing different serotypes of the coaggregation-mediating streptococcal cell-surface receptor polysaccharides (RPS). Differences in bacterial colonization were noted between the two volunteers, while the type 4 RPS-reactive serotype was absent in one volunteer. Cells reacting with antibody against Rothia or Haemophilus were prominent in the early biofilm. While analysis of the data obtained demonstrated inter-individual variations in both in vitro and in vivo bacterial binding patterns, stimulating saliva with multiple orosensory stimuli may modulate oral bacterial colonization of tooth surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Inui
- Mars-Wrigley Confectionery, Chicago, IL, 60642, USA.,National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert J Palmer
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nehal Shah
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - John O Cisar
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christine D Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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116
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Genderini FG, Martiny D, Ponthieux F, Argudín MA, Gomez Galdon M, Zaarour A, Garcia C, Libois A, Gérard M, Dauby N. First case of Campylobacter rectus and Solobacterium moorei mixed bacteraemia successfully identified by MALDI TOF-MS. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 31:100587. [PMID: 31372234 PMCID: PMC6658993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter rectus and Solobacterium moorei are anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive rods, respectively, that are occasionally members of the human oral flora. Bacteraemia has rarely been reported. We present the first case of mixed C. rectus–S. moorei bacteraemia in an individual with diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Both bacteria were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Genderini
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Infectious Diseases, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - D Martiny
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitair Laboratorium Brussel, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - F Ponthieux
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitair Laboratorium Brussel, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M A Argudín
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitair Laboratorium Brussel, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Gomez Galdon
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Zaarour
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Garcia
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Libois
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Gérard
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Dauby
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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117
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Lundmark A, Hu YOO, Huss M, Johannsen G, Andersson AF, Yucel-Lindberg T. Identification of Salivary Microbiota and Its Association With Host Inflammatory Mediators in Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:216. [PMID: 31281801 PMCID: PMC6598052 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a microbial-induced chronic inflammatory disease, which may not only result in tooth loss, but can also contribute to the development of various systemic diseases. The transition from healthy to diseased periodontium depends on microbial dysbiosis and impaired host immune response. Although periodontitis is a common disease as well as associated with various systemic inflammatory conditions, the taxonomic profiling of the salivary microbiota in periodontitis and its association with host immune and inflammatory mediators has not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify key pathogens and their potential interaction with the host's inflammatory mediators in saliva samples for periodontitis risk assessment. The microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the levels of inflammatory mediators were performed in saliva samples from patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy control subjects. The salivary microbial community composition differed significantly between patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls. Our analyses identified a number of microbes, including bacteria assigned to Eubacterium saphenum, Tannerella forsythia, Filifactor alocis, Streptococcus mitis/parasanguinis, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella sp., Phocaeicola sp., and Fretibacterium sp. as more abundant in periodontitis, compared to healthy controls. In samples from healthy individuals, we identified Campylobacter concisus, and Veillonella sp. as more abundant. Integrative analysis of the microbiota and inflammatory mediators/cytokines revealed associations that included positive correlations between the pathogens Treponema sp. and Selenomas sp. and the cytokines chitinase 3-like 1, sIL-6Rα, sTNF-R1, and gp130/sIL-6Rβ. In addition, a negative correlation was identified between IL-10 and Filifactor alocis. Our results reveal distinct and disease-specific patterns of salivary microbial composition between patients with periodontitis and healthy controls, as well as significant correlations between microbiota and host-mediated inflammatory cytokines. The positive correlations between the pathogens Treponema sp. and Selenomas sp. and the cytokines chitinase 3-like 1, sIL-6Rα, sTNF-R1, and gp130/sIL-6Rβ might have the future potential to serve as a combined bacteria-host salivary biomarker panel for diagnosis of the chronic infectious disease periodontitis. However, further studies are required to determine the capacity of these microbes and inflammatory mediators as a salivary biomarker panel for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lundmark
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yue O O Hu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Huss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johannsen
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anders F Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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118
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Corrêa JD, Fernandes GR, Calderaro DC, Mendonça SMS, Silva JM, Albiero ML, Cunha FQ, Xiao E, Ferreira GA, Teixeira AL, Mukherjee C, Leys EJ, Silva TA, Graves DT. Oral microbial dysbiosis linked to worsened periodontal condition in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8379. [PMID: 31182740 PMCID: PMC6557833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation. Individuals with RA have a higher risk of periodontitis and periodontitis has been linked to RA through the production of enzymes by periodontal pathogens that citrullinate proteins. This linkage is supported by findings that periodontitis is associated with increased RA severity and treatment of periodontitis can improve the symptoms of RA. The possible mechanism for this association is through dysbiosis of the oral microbiota triggered by RA-induced systemic inflammation. We examined the RA status of subjects by measuring the number of tender and swollen joints, anti-citrullinated protein antibody and rheumatoid factor. Periodontal disease status and salivary cytokine levels were measured, and dental plaque analyzed by 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing. RA patients had a higher bacterial load, a more diverse microbiota, an increase in bacterial species associated with periodontal disease, more clinical attachment loss, and increased production of inflammatory mediators including IL-17, IL-2, TNF, and IFN-γ. Furthermore, changes in the oral microbiota were linked to worse RA conditions. Our study provides new insights into the bi-directional relationship between periodontitis and RA and suggest that monitoring the periodontal health of RA patients is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôice Dias Corrêa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Fernandes
- Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, René Rachou Research Center, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Janine Mayra Silva
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - E Xiao
- Penn Dental School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eugene J Leys
- The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Dana T Graves
- Penn Dental School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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119
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Farina R, Severi M, Carrieri A, Miotto E, Sabbioni S, Trombelli L, Scapoli C. Whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing of the subgingival microbiome of diabetics and non-diabetics with different periodontal conditions. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:13-23. [PMID: 31153098 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to use high-resolution whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing to characterize the subgingival microbiome of patients with/without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and with/without periodontitis. DESIGN Twelve subjects, falling into one of the four study groups based on the presence/absence of poorly controlled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and moderate-severe periodontitis, were selected. For each eligible subject, subgingival plaque samples were collected at 4 sites, all representative of the periodontal condition of the individual (i.e., non-bleeding sulci in subjects without a history of periodontitis, bleeding pockets in patients with moderate-severe periodontitis). The subgingival microbiome was evaluated using high-resolution whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing. RESULTS The results showed that: (i) the presence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or periodontitis were associated with a tendency of the subgingival microbiome to decrease in richness and diversity; (ii) the presence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was not associated with significant differences in the relative abundance of one or more species in patients either with or without periodontitis; (iii) the presence of periodontitis was associated with a significantly higher relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae bacterium oral taxon 439 in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. CONCLUSIONS Whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing of the subgingival microbiome was extremely effective in the detection of low-abundant taxon. Our results point out a significantly higher relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae bacterium oral taxon 439 in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis vs patients without history of periodontitis, which was maintained when the comparison was restricted to type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy; Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mattia Severi
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Carrieri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology - Section of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Miotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology - Section of Pathology and Applied Microbiology,University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology - Section of Pathology and Applied Microbiology,University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy; Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology - Section of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy
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120
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Microbiome Profiles of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Nonhuman Primates across the Life Span. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00067-19. [PMID: 30885927 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00067-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation compared the microbiomes colonizing teeth during the initiation, progression, and resolution of periodontitis in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta) at different ages. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline; 0.5, 1, and 3 months following ligature-induced periodontitis; and following naturally occurring disease resolution at 5 months. Samples were analyzed using 16S amplicon sequencing to identify bacterial profiles across age groups: young (<3 years of age), adolescent (3 to 7 years), adult (12 to 15 years), and aged (17 to 23 years). α-Diversity of the microbiomes was greater in the adult/aged samples than in the young/adolescent samples. β-Diversity of the samples demonstrated clear age group differences, albeit individual variation in microbiomes between animals within the age categories was noted. Phylum distributions differed between the young/adolescent animals and the adult/aged animals at each of the time points, showing an enrichment of the phyla Spirochetes, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes associated with periodontitis. Major differences in the top 50 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were noted in the young and adolescent microbiomes during initiation and progression postligation compared to the adult and aged animals. The proportions of a large number of species in the top 50 OTUs were lower at baseline and in resolved disease microbiomes in the young samples, while profiles in adolescent animals were more consistent with the disease microbiomes. Microbiome profiles for resolution for adults and aged animals appeared more resilient and generally maintained a pattern similar to that of disease. Use of the model can expand our understanding of the crucial interactions of the oral microbiome and host responses in periodontitis.
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121
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Rossoni RD, Ribeiro FDC, dos Santos HFS, dos Santos JD, Oliveira NDS, Dutra MTDS, de Lapena SAB, Junqueira JC. Galleria mellonella as an experimental model to study human oral pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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122
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Palmer RJ, Cotton SL, Kokaras AS, Gardner P, Grisius M, Pelayo E, Warner B, Paster BJ, Alevizos I. Analysis of oral bacterial communities: comparison of HOMI NGS with a tree-based approach implemented in QIIME. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1586413. [PMID: 30988892 PMCID: PMC6450576 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1586413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Molecular taxonomic assignments in oral microbial communities have been made using probe-matching approaches, but never compared to those obtained by more readily accepted tree-based approaches. Objective: To compare community composition profiles obtained from a probe-matching approach (HOMINGS) to those from a closed-ended tree-based approach (QIIME using the eHOMD database). Design: HOMINGS and QIIME were used for parallel analysis of ten mock community samples, and of 119 supragingival plaque samples from ecologically unique sites (sound tooth surfaces in healthy subjects, sound tooth surfaces in patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome, and carious lesions in Sjögren’s Syndrome patients). Linear discriminant analysis Effective Size (LEfSe) was used to identify discriminating taxa among the natural plaque samples. Results: Community composition profiles of all samples were congruent between the two analysis aproaches. Alpha and beta diversity of the natural plaque communities were likewise similar. Communities from pSS patients and those from individuals with normal salivary flow differed in alpha and beta diversity. Both classification approaches yielded differences in composition predicted for samples from these subject cohorts, and discriminating taxa were similar between approaches. Conclusions: A direct comparison demonstrates that HOMINGS is largely equivalent to the tree-based approach as implemented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Palmer
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sean L Cotton
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexis S Kokaras
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Gardner
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Grisius
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Pelayo
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake Warner
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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123
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Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Alpagot T, Zhu Y, Lee SS, Roberts BP, Hung SC, Tang N, Ojcius DM. Chlamydia pneumoniae is present in the dental plaque of periodontitis patients and stimulates an inflammatory response in gingival epithelial cells. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:197-208. [PMID: 30956972 PMCID: PMC6444558 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.04.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is an airborne, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium which causes human respiratory infections and has been associated with atherosclerosis. Because individuals with periodontitis are at greater risk for atherosclerosis as well as respiratory infections, we in-vestigated the role of C. pneumoniae in inflammation and periodontal dis-ease. We found that C. pneumoniae was more frequently found in subgingival dental plaque obtained from periodontally diseased sites of the mouth versus healthy sites. The known periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were also found in the plaque. In addition, C. pneumoniae could efficiently invade human gingival epithelial cells (GECs) in vitro, causing translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus along with increased secretion of mature IL-1β cytokine. Supernatants collected from C. pneumoniae-infected GECs showed increased activation of caspase-1 protein, which was significantly reduced when nlrp3 gene expression was silenced using shRNA lentiviral vectors. Our results demonstrate that C. pneumoniae was found in higher levels in periodontitis patients compared to control pa-tients. Additionally, C. pneumoniae could infect GECs, leading to inflammation caused by activation of NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. We propose that the presence of C. pneumoniae in subgingival dental plaque may contribute to periodontal disease and could be used as a potential risk indicator of perio-dontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamer Alpagot
- Department of Periodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Sonho Sierra Lee
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Program of Doctor of Dental Surgery, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Brian P Roberts
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shu-Chen Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Norina Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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124
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Cui X, Liu J, Xiao W, Chu Y, Ouyang X. Subgingival microbiome in Chinese patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:92-99. [PMID: 30909081 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to profile the subgingival microbiome of Chinese adults with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) using human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM), and to compare the results with matched periodontal healthy controls. DESIGN 15 subjects with GAgP and 15 age- and gender- matched periodontal healthy controls were included. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest pockets of patients with GAgP and matched sites in controls and then analyzed by 16S rRNA-based microarrays. Student's paired t-test was used to compare clinical parameters and mean number of bacterial taxa detected between the two groups. Fisher's exact probability test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum were used to compare bacterial species between all samples. A multiple linear regression model was used for correlations among age, gender and bacterial with clinical parameters. RESULTS From a total sum of 379 strains tested, 171 bacterial strains were detected from subgingival plaques of the GAgP patients, more than the 157 strains detected in control group. Mean number of subgingival bacterial taxa detected in GAgP group was 68 (SD = 21.06) while in control group was 45 (SD = 21.60). 47 bacterial taxa were detected more frequently in GAgP group while 12 taxa were more prevalent in control group. The significantly more prevalent and abundant taxa of bacteria in GAgP group included Filifactor alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromon as endodontalis, Peptostreptococcaceae spp., Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum and Eubacterium saphenum. Meanwhile the more abundant taxa in control group were Streptococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS There are more taxa of bacteria in subgingival plaques of Chinese patients with GAgP than in healthy controls. F. alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., P. gingivalis and T. forsythia are strongly associated with GAgP. High-throughout microbiological results may help dentists have a better understanding of subgingival microbiome of GAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Cui
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenmei Xiao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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125
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Relative reduction of biological and phylogenetic diversity of the oral microbiota of diabetes and pre-diabetes patients. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:215-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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126
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Pyysalo MJ, Mishra PP, Sundström K, Lehtimäki T, Karhunen PJ, Pessi T. Increased tooth brushing frequency is associated with reduced gingival pocket bacterial diversity in patients with intracranial aneurysms. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6316. [PMID: 30701137 PMCID: PMC6348950 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the association of tooth brushing frequency and bacterial communities of gingival crevicular fluid in patients subjected to preoperative dental examination prior to operative treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods Gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken from their deepest gingival pocket from a series of hospitalized neurosurgical patients undergoing preoperative dental screening (n = 60). The patients were asked whether they brushed their teeth two times a day, once a day, or less than every day. Total bacterial DNA was isolated and the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplificated. Sequencing was performed with Illumina’s 16S metagenomic sequencing library preparation protocol and data were analyzed with QIIME (1.9.1) and R statistical software (3.3.2). Results Bacterial diversity (Chao1 index) in the crevicular fluid reduced along with reported tooth brushing frequency (p = 0.0002; R2 = 34%; p (adjusted with age and sex) = 0.09; R2 = 11%) showing that patients who reported brushing their teeth twice a day had the lowest bacterial diversity. According to the differential abundant analysis between the tooth brushing groups, tooth brushing associated with two phyla of fusobacteria [p = 0.0001; p = 0.0007], and one bacteroidetes (p = 0.004) by reducing their amounts. Conclusions Tooth brushing may reduce the gingival bacterial diversity and the abundance of periodontal bacteria maintaining oral health and preventing periodontitis, and thus it is highly recommended for neurosurgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko J Pyysalo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Oral Health Services, City of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Molecule Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Sundström
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka J Karhunen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tanja Pessi
- Department of Molecule Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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127
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Abstract
With the application of increasingly advanced "omics" technologies to the study of our resident oral microbiota, the presence of a defined, health-associated microbial community has been recognized. Within this community, sanguinis-group streptococci, comprising the closely related Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii, together with Streptococcus parasanguinis, often predominate. Their ubiquitous and abundant nature reflects the evolution of these bacteria as highly effective colonizers of the oral cavity. Through interactions with host tissues and other microbes, and the capacity to readily adapt to prevailing environmental conditions, sanguinis-group streptococci are able to shape accretion of the oral plaque biofilm and promote development of a microbial community that exists in harmony with its host. Nonetheless, upon gaining access to the blood stream, those very same colonization capabilities can confer upon sanguinis-group streptococci the ability to promote systemic disease. This article focuses on the role of sanguinis-group streptococci as the commensurate commensals, highlighting those aspects of their biology that enable the coordination of health-associated biofilm development. This includes the molecular mechanisms, both synergistic and antagonistic, that underpin adhesion to substrata, intercellular communication, and polymicrobial community formation. As our knowledge of these processes advances, so will the opportunities to exploit this understanding for future development of novel strategies to control oral and extraoral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
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128
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Composition Analysis and Feature Selection of the Oral Microbiota Associated with Periodontal Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3130607. [PMID: 30581850 PMCID: PMC6276491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3130607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving complex interactions between oral microorganisms and the host immune response. Understanding the structure of the microbiota community associated with periodontitis is essential for improving classifications and diagnoses of various types of periodontal diseases and will facilitate clinical decision-making. In this study, we used a 16S rRNA metagenomics approach to investigate and compare the compositions of the microbiota communities from 76 subgingival plagues samples, including 26 from healthy individuals and 50 from patients with periodontitis. Furthermore, we propose a novel feature selection algorithm for selecting features with more information from many variables with a combination of these features and machine learning methods were used to construct prediction models for predicting the health status of patients with periodontal disease. We identified a total of 12 phyla, 124 genera, and 355 species and observed differences between health- and periodontitis-associated bacterial communities at all phylogenetic levels. We discovered that the genera Porphyromonas, Treponema, Tannerella, Filifactor, and Aggregatibacter were more abundant in patients with periodontal disease, whereas Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Capnocytophaga, Gemella, Campylobacter, and Granulicatella were found at higher levels in healthy controls. Using our feature selection algorithm, random forests performed better in terms of predictive power than other methods and consumed the least amount of computational time.
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129
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Rupf S, Laczny CC, Galata V, Backes C, Keller A, Umanskaya N, Erol A, Tierling S, Lo Porto C, Walter J, Kirsch J, Hannig M, Hannig C. Comparison of initial oral microbiomes of young adults with and without cavitated dentin caries lesions using an in situ biofilm model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14010. [PMID: 30228377 PMCID: PMC6143549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is caused by acids released from bacterial biofilms. However, the in vivo formation of initial biofilms in relation to caries remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to compare the oral microbiome during the initial phase of bacterial colonization for individuals with (CC) and without (NC) cavitated dentin caries lesions. Bovine enamel slabs on acrylic splints were worn by the volunteers (CC: 14, NC: 13) for in situ biofilm formation (2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 1 ml saliva as reference). Sequencing of the V1/V2 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was performed (MiSeq). The relative abundances of individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were compared between samples from the CC group and the NC group. Random forests models were furthermore trained to separate the groups. While the overall heterogeneity did not differ substantially between CC and NC individuals, several individual OTUs were found to have significantly different relative abundances. For the 8 h samples, most of the significant OTUs showed higher relative abundances in the CC group, while the majority of significant OTUs in the saliva samples were more abundant in the NC group. Furthermore, using OTU signatures enabled a separation between both groups, with area-under-the-curve (AUC) values of ~0.8. In summary, the results suggest that initial oral biofilms provide the potential to differentiate between CC and NC individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Cedric C Laczny
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Valentina Galata
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Natalia Umanskaya
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Arzu Erol
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Lo Porto
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jasmin Kirsch
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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130
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Zhang Y, Yu X, Yu E, Wang N, Cai Q, Shuai Q, Yan F, Jiang L, Wang H, Liu J, Chen Y, Li Z, Jiang Q. Changes in gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory factors across the stages of colorectal tumorigenesis: a case-control study. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:92. [PMID: 30157754 PMCID: PMC6114884 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant gastrointestinal tumor. In China, CRC is the 5th most commonly diagnosed cancer. The vast majority of CRC cases are sporadic and evolve with the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. There is mounting evidence indicating that gut microbiota and inflammation play important roles in the development of CRC although study results are not entirely consistent. In the current study, we investigated the changes in the CRC-associated bacteria and plasma inflammatory factors and their relationships based on data from a case-control study of Han Chinese. We included 130 initially diagnosed CRC patients, 88 advanced colorectal adenoma patients (A-CRA), 62 patients with benign intestinal polyps and 130 controls. Results Fecal microbiota composition was obtained using 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing. PCOA analysis showed structural differences in microbiota among the four study groups (P = 0.001, Unweighted Unifrac). Twenty-four CRC-associated bacteria were selected by a two-step statistical method and significant correlations were observed within these microbes. CRC-associated bacteria were found to change with the degree of malignancy. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble tumor necrosis factor II (sTNFR-II) displayed significant differences among the four study groups and increased with adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The correlations of CRP and sTNFR-II with several CRC-associated microbes were also explored. Conclusions CRC-associated species and plasma inflammatory factors tended to change along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Several CRC-associated bacteria were correlated with CRP and sTNFR-II. It is likely that gut microbiome and inflammation gradually form a microenvironment that is associated with CRC development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1232-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,The 92914th Military Hospital of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Enda Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Quancai Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qun Shuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lufang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hexing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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131
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Liu J, Zeng J, Wang X, Zheng M, Luan Q. P53 mediates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1142-1151. [PMID: 29964297 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of PeriodontologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Zeng
- Department of PeriodontologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of PeriodontologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing P.R. China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyPeking University Health Science Center Beijing P.R. China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of PeriodontologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing P.R. China
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132
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Miller DP, Wang Q, Weinberg A, Lamont RJ. Transcriptome analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Acinetobacter baumannii in polymicrobial communities. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:364-377. [PMID: 29939498 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial, opportunistic pathogen that causes several serious conditions including meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and pneumonia. It can be found in the oral biofilm, which may be a reservoir for pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Subgingival colonization by A. baumannii is associated with chronic and aggressive periodontitis as well as refractory periodontal disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen localized to subgingival plaque, is also implicated in several chronic conditions including aspiration pneumonia. Although both bacteria are found together in subgingival plaque and can cause multiple polymicrobial infections, nothing is known about the interactions between these two important human pathogens. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to understand the transcriptional response of both species as they adapt to heterotypic communities. Among the differentially regulated genes were those encoding a number of important virulence factors for both species including adhesion, biofilm formation, and protein secretion. Additionally, the presence of A. baumannii increased the abundance of P. gingivalis in model dual-species communities. Collectively these results suggest that both P. gingivalis and A. baumannii adapt to each other and have synergistic potential for increased pathogenicity. In identifying the mechanisms that promote pathogenicity and refractory disease, novel approaches to mitigate polymicrobial synergistic interactions may be developed to treat or prevent associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Miller
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - A Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - R J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
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133
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Lourenςo TGB, Spencer SJ, Alm EJ, Colombo APV. Defining the gut microbiota in individuals with periodontal diseases: an exploratory study. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1487741. [PMID: 29988721 PMCID: PMC6032013 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1487741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This exploratory study aimed to characterize the gut microbiome of individuals with different periodontal conditions, and correlate it with periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction. Methods: Stool samples were obtained from individuals presenting periodontal health (PH = 7), gingivitis (G = 14) and chronic periodontitis (CP = 23). The intestinal microbiome composition was determined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results: A lower alpha-diversity in the gut microbiome of individuals with CP was observed, although no significant difference among groups was found (p > 0.01). Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Euryarchaeota were increased, whereas Bacteroidetes were decreased in abundance in patients with periodontitis compared to PH. Prevotella (genus), Comamonadaceae (family) and Lactobacillales (order) were detected in higher numbers in G, while Bacteroidales (order) was predominant in PH (p < 0.01). Significant correlations (rho = 0.337-0.468, p < 0.01) were found between OTUs representative of periodontal pathogens and attachment loss. Mogibacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Prevotella were able to discriminate individuals with periodontal diseases from PH (overall accuracy = 84%). Oral taxa were detected in high numbers in all stool samples. Conclusions: Individuals with periodontal diseases present a less diverse gut microbiome consistent with other systemic inflammatory diseases. High numbers of oral taxa related to periodontal destruction and inflammation were detected in the gut microbiome of individuals regardless of periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Gomes Baeta Lourenςo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric John Alm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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134
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Belstrøm D, Grande MA, Sembler-Møller ML, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Holmstrup P. Influence of periodontal treatment on subgingival and salivary microbiotas. J Periodontol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth Institute; Cambridge MA United States
- Department of Oral Medicine; Infection & Immunity; Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA United States
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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135
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Pechal JL, Schmidt CJ, Jordan HR, Benbow ME. A large-scale survey of the postmortem human microbiome, and its potential to provide insight into the living health condition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5724. [PMID: 29636512 PMCID: PMC5893548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome plays many roles in human health, often through the exclusive lens of clinical interest. The inevitable end point for all living hosts, death, has its own altered microbiome configurations. However, little is understood about the ecology and changes of microbial communities after death, or their potential utility for understanding the health condition of the recently living. Here we reveal distinct postmortem microbiomes of human hosts from a large-scale survey of death cases representing a predominantly urban population, and demonstrated these microbiomes reflected antemortem health conditions within 24–48 hours of death. Our results characterized microbial community structure and predicted function from 188 cases representing a cross-section of an industrial-urban population. We found strong niche differentiation of anatomic habitat and microbial community turnover based on topographical distribution. Microbial community stability was documented up to two days after death. Additionally, we observed a positive relationship between cell motility and time since host death. Interestingly, we discovered evidence that microbial biodiversity is a predictor of antemortem host health condition (e.g., heart disease). These findings improve the understanding of postmortem host microbiota dynamics, and provide a robust dataset to test the postmortem microbiome as a tool for assessing health conditions in living populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Pechal
- Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office, Detroit, MI, 48207, USA.,University of Michigan, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Heather R Jordan
- Mississippi State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - M Eric Benbow
- Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Michigan State University, Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Michigan State University, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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136
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Elashiry M, Meghil M, Kalathingal S, Buchanan A, Rajendran M, Elrefai R, Ochieng M, Elawady A, Arce R, Sandhage K, Cutler C. Development of radiopaque, biocompatible, antimicrobial, micro-particle fillers for micro-CT imaging of simulated periodontal pockets. Dent Mater 2018; 34:569-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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137
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Burczynska A, Dziewit L, Decewicz P, Struzycka I, Wroblewska M. Application of Metagenomic Analyses in Dentistry as a Novel Strategy Enabling Complex Insight into Microbial Diversity of the Oral Cavity. Pol J Microbiol 2018; 66:9-15. [PMID: 29359689 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1234988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the oral microbiome in healthy individuals is complex and dynamic, and depends on many factors, such as anatomical location in the oral cavity, diet, oral hygiene habits or host immune responses. It is estimated at present that worldwide about 2 billion people suffer from diseases of the oral cavity, mainly periodontal disease and dental caries. Importantly, the oral microflora involved in local infections may spread and cause systemic, even life-threatening infections. In search for etiological agents of infections in dentistry, traditional approaches are not sufficient, as about 50% of oral bacteria are not cultivable. Instead, metagenomic analyses are particularly useful for studies of the complex oral microbiome - both in healthy individuals, and in patients with oral and dental diseases. In this paper we review the current and future applications of metagenomic studies in evaluation of both the composition of the oral microbiome as well as its potential pathogenic role in infections in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Decewicz
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland; Research and Development for Life Sciences Ltd., Poland
| | - Izabela Struzycka
- Department of Comprehensive Dental Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Wroblewska
- Department of Dental Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Central Clinical Hospital in Warsaw, Poland
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138
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Wu Y, Chi X, Zhang Q, Chen F, Deng X. Characterization of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4458. [PMID: 29576948 PMCID: PMC5858547 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interactions between the gut microbiome and obesity have been extensively studied. Although the oral cavity is the gateway to the gut, and is extensively colonized with microbes, little is known about the oral microbiome in people with obesity. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome in obese and normal weight healthy participants using metagenomic analysis. The subjects were categorized into two groups, obesity and normal weight, based on their BMIs. Methods We characterized the salivary microbiome of 33 adults with obesity and 29 normal weight controls using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq). None of the selected participants had systemic, oral mucosal, or periodontal diseases. Results The salivary microbiome of the obesity group was distinct from that of the normal weight group. The salivary microbiome of periodontally healthy people with obesity had both significantly lower bacterial diversity and richness compared with the controls. The genus Prevotella, Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, Solobacterium, Catonella, and Mogibacterium were significantly more abundant in the obesity group; meanwhile the genus Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Staphylococcus were less abundant in the obesity group. We also performed a functional analysis of the inferred metagenomes, and showed that the salivary community associated with obesity had a stronger signature of immune disease and a decreased functional signature related to environmental adaptation and Xenobiotics biodegradation compared with the normal weight controls. Discussion Our study demonstrates that the microbial diversity and structure of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity are significantly different from those of normal weight controls. These results suggested that changes in the structure and function of salivary microbiome in people with obesity might reflect their susceptibility to oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopei Chi
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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139
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Muro M, Soga Y, Higuchi T, Kataoka K, Ekuni D, Maeda Y, Morita M. Unusual oral mucosal microbiota after hematopoietic cell transplantation with glycopeptide antibiotics: potential association with pathophysiology of oral mucositis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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140
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Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed an increasing interest in studying the human microbiome and its role in health and disease. The focus of those studies was mainly the characterization of changes in the composition of the microbial communities under different conditions. As a result of those studies, we now know that imbalance in the composition of the microbiome, also referred to as microbial dysbiosis, is directly linked to developing certain conditions. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome is a prime example of how this imbalance leads to disease in the case of periodontal disease. However, there is considerable overlap in the phylogenetic profiles of microbial communities associated with active and inactive lesions, suggesting that the difference in periodontal status of those sites may not be explained solely by differences in the subgingival microbial composition. These findings suggest that differences in functional activities may be the essential elements that define the dysbiotic process. Researchers have recently begun to study gene expression of the oral microbiome in situ with the goal of identifying changes in functional activities that could explain the transition from health to disease. These initial results suggest that, rather than a specific composition, a better understanding of oral dysbiosis can be obtained from the study of functional activities of the microbial community. In this review, we give a summary of these initial studies, which have opened a new door to our understanding of the dynamics of the oral community during the dysbiotic process in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Solbiati
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Frias-Lopez
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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141
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Barrett's esophagus is associated with a distinct oral microbiome. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2018; 9:135. [PMID: 29491399 PMCID: PMC5862155 DOI: 10.1038/s41424-018-0005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The esophageal microbiome is composed of predominantly oral flora and is altered in reflux-related conditions including Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Changes to the esophageal microbiome may be reflected in the oral cavity. Assessing the oral microbiome thus represents a potential non-invasive method to identify patients with BE. Methods Patients with and without BE undergoing upper endoscopy were prospectively enrolled. Demographics, clinical data, medications, and dietary intake were assessed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on saliva samples collected prior to endoscopy. Taxonomic differences between groups were assessed via linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Logit models were used to develop microbiome signatures to distinguish BE from non-BE, assessed by area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). Results A total of 49 patients were enrolled (control = 17, BE = 32). There was no significant difference in alpha diversity comparing all BE patients vs. controls. At the phylum level, the oral microbiome in BE patients had significantly increased relative abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.005) and decreased Proteobacteria (p = 0.02). There were numerous taxonomic differences in the oral microbiome between BE and controls. A model including relative abundance of Lautropia, Streptococcus, and a genus in the order Bacteroidales distinguished BE from controls with an AUROC 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85–1.00). The optimal cutoff identified BE patients with 96.9% sensitivity and 88.2% specificity. Conclusions The oral microbiome in BE patients was markedly altered and distinguished BE with relatively high accuracy. The oral microbiome represents a potential screening marker for BE, and validation studies in larger and distinct populations are warranted.
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142
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Guerrero-Preston R, Godoy-Vitorino F, Jedlicka A, Rodríguez-Hilario A, González H, Bondy J, Lawson F, Folawiyo O, Michailidi C, Dziedzic A, Thangavel R, Hadar T, Noordhuis MG, Westra W, Koch W, Sidransky D. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing identifies microbiota associated with oral cancer, human papilloma virus infection and surgical treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51320-51334. [PMID: 27259999 PMCID: PMC5239478 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory events and localized disease, mediated by the microbiome, may be measured in saliva as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnostic and prognostic biomonitors. We used a 16S rRNA V3-V5 marker gene approach to compare the saliva microbiome in DNA isolated from Oropharyngeal (OPSCC), Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC) patients and normal epithelium controls, to characterize the HNSCC saliva microbiota and examine their abundance before and after surgical resection.The analyses identified a predominance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, with less frequent presence of Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria before surgery. At lower taxonomic levels, the most abundant genera were Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus and Veillonella, with lower numbers of Citrobacter and Neisseraceae genus Kingella. HNSCC patients had a significant loss in richness and diversity of microbiota species (p<0.05) compared to the controls. Overall, the Operational Taxonomic Units network shows that the relative abundance of OTU's within genus Streptococcus, Dialister, and Veillonella can be used to discriminate tumor from control samples (p<0.05). Tumor samples lost Neisseria, Aggregatibacter (Proteobacteria), Haemophillus (Firmicutes) and Leptotrichia (Fusobacteria). Paired taxa within family Enterobacteriaceae, together with genus Oribacterium, distinguish OCSCC samples from OPSCC and normal samples (p<0.05). Similarly, only HPV positive samples have an abundance of genus Gemellaceae and Leuconostoc (p<0.05). Longitudinal analyses of samples taken before and after surgery, revealed a reduction in the alpha diversity measure after surgery, together with an increase of this measure in patients that recurred (p<0.05). These results suggest that microbiota may be used as HNSCC diagnostic and prognostic biomonitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Natural Sciences Department, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Anne Jedlicka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arnold Rodríguez-Hilario
- Natural Sciences Department, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Herminio González
- Natural Sciences Department, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jessica Bondy
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fahcina Lawson
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwasina Folawiyo
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina Michailidi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda Dziedzic
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajagowthamee Thangavel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tal Hadar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maartje G Noordhuis
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - William Westra
- Department of Pathology-Surgical Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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143
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Wu YY, Westwater C, Xiao E, Dias Corrêa J, Xiao WM, Graves DT. Establishment of oral bacterial communities in germ-free mice and the influence of recipient age. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:38-46. [PMID: 28776953 PMCID: PMC6525632 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of the oral microbiome is a complex process. We examined how the timing of microbial exposure alters bacterial colonization of the tooth surface. Germ-free mice were conventionalized by exposure to specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice to acquire a commensal microbiome over three distinct 4-week periods, 0-4 weeks of age (Conv0-4w), 4-8 weeks (Conv4-8w), or 8-12 weeks (Conv8-12w). Bacterial DNA was extracted from the tooth surface and analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Total bacteria and inflammatory cytokine expression in gingiva were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. After co-housing with SPF mice, Conv0-4w and Conv4-8w mice had low bacterial diversity, whereas Conv8-12w mice had high bacterial diversity that was similar to that of SPF donor mice, as determined by both operational taxonomic units and the Shannon Index. Cluster analysis with unweighted Unifrac distance also supported these trends. This was surprising as the amount of maturation time, 4 weeks, was equal in all conventionalized mice and tooth eruption was largely completed by 4 weeks. This suggests that host factors that occur after tooth eruption have a significant effect on the microbial tooth colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - E Xiao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J Dias Corrêa
- Dentistry school, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - W M Xiao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - D T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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144
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Abstract
The microbiota of critically ill patients likely undergoes dramatic changes but has not been rigorously studied with a culture-independent high-throughput approach. The aim of this study was to characterize spatial and temporal variation in the microbiota of critically ill patients. Trauma and acute surgery patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were sampled at five body sites (stool, tongue, skin, trachea, urine) every 3 to 4 days. A mean of 10.8 samples was collected from 32 patients with a mean sampling period of 8.8 days. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequences were amplified and sequenced for microbiota analyses. Results were compared to data from unhospitalized adult participants in the American Gut and Human Microbiome Projects. Relative to healthy adults, alpha diversity was decreased in ICU gut and skin samples at all time points. Diversity in tongue swabs decreased over time. Beta diversity measures indicated differences in community membership between critically ill and healthy adults at each body site. Taxonomic alterations in the ICU included depletion of important commensal bacteria such as Faecalibacterium in GI samples and Corynebacterium in skin swabs and enrichment with pathogens such as Enterococcus, Mycoplasma, and Staphylococcus. A high proportion of ICU sample sets contained pathogens present simultaneously at three body sites indicating widespread colonization. In several cases, clinically relevant airway infections were preceded by the appearance of the causative pathogen in tracheal microbiome profiles. These results demonstrate that the microbiome of critically ill patients undergoes a loss of diversity, loss of site specificity, and a shift toward dominant pathogens. These changes may provide opportunities to precisely modulate the microbiome and thereby improve patient outcomes.
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145
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Singh AK, Yadav S, Sharma K, Firdaus Z, Aditi P, Neogi K, Bansal M, Gupta MK, Shanker A, Singh RK, Prakash P. Quantum curcumin mediated inhibition of gingipains and mixed-biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis causing chronic periodontitis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40426-40445. [PMID: 35558224 PMCID: PMC9091477 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a biofilm-associated irreversible inflammation of the periodontal tissues. Reports suggest the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis specific Arg- and Lys-specific proteinases in the orchestration of the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. These proteinases are precisely termed as gingipains R and K. Curcumin is an active polyphenol that is extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. However, the molecule curcumin owing to its high hydropathy index and poor stability has not been able to justify its role as frontline drug modality in the treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases as claimed by several investigators. In the present study, at first, we synthesized and characterized quantum curcumin, and investigated its biocompatibility. This was subsequently followed by the evaluation of the role of quantum curcumin as an antimicrobial, anti-gingipains and antibiofilm agent against Porphyromonas gingivalis and select reference strains. We have successfully synthesized the quantum curcumin utilizing a top-down approach with the average size of 3.5 nm. Apart from its potent antimicrobial as well as antibiofilm properties, it also significantly inhibited the gingipains in a dose-dependent manner. At the minimal concentration of 17.826 μM, inhibition up to 98.7% and 89.4% was noted for gingipain R and K respectively. The data was also supported by the in silico docking experiments which revealed high exothermic enthalpies (−7.01 and −7.02 cal mol−1). Besides, the inhibition constant was found to be 7.24 μM and 7.1 μM against gingipains R and K respectively. The results suggest that quantum curcumin is a potential drug candidate which needs further clinical validation. Periodontitis is a biofilm-associated irreversible inflammation of the periodontal tissues.![]()
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biofilm formation represents a protected mode of growth that renders bacterial cells less susceptible to antimicrobials and to killing by host immune effector mechanisms and so enables the pathogens to survive in hostile environments and also to disperse and colonize new niches. Biofilm disease includes device-related infections, chronic infections in the absence of a foreign body, and even malfunction of medical devices. Areas covered: This review puts forward a new medical entity that represents a major public health issue, which we have named 'biofilm-related disease'. We highlight the characteristics of biofilm disease including its pathogenesis, microbiological features, clinical presentation, and treatment challenges. Expert commentary: The diversity of biofilm-associated infections is increasing over time and its impact may be underestimated. This peculiar form of development endows associated bacteria with a high tolerance to conventional antimicrobial agents. A small percentage of persister cells developing within the biofilm is known to be highly tolerant to antibiotics and has typically been involved in causing relapse of infections. Knowledge of the pivotal role played by biofilm-growing microorganisms in related infections will provide new treatment dynamics for this biofilm-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Del Pozo
- a Infectious Diseases Division , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,b Department of Clinical Microbiology , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,c Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
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147
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Beall CJ, Mokrzan EM, Griffen AL, Leys EJ. Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: The first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 33:105-110. [PMID: 29105370 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel bacterium was isolated from the subgingival plaque of a patient with periodontal disease. Bacterial strain BA112T is a facultative Gram-positive coccus. It metabolizes alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine, leucine, proline, serine and tyrosine, but does not appear to use carbohydrates. Urease, esculin, indole, catalase and nitrate reduction tests were all negative. Major cellular fatty acids were C18:0 , C12:0 , C16:0 , C18:1 w9c and C20:0 . The genome was sequenced and is 2.4 Mbp in length and has 64% GC content. Based on phylogenetics of the 16S rRNA sequence and concatenated alignments of 37 conserved proteins, BA112T belongs to the family Actinomycetaceae but is located on a branch of the tree without currently named members. Based on our phenotypic and phylogenetic studies, we propose that BA112T is the first known representative of a new genus, for which the name Peptidiphaga gingivicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BA112T .
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Beall
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E M Mokrzan
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A L Griffen
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E J Leys
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
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148
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Mombelli A, Almaghlouth A, Cionca N, Cancela J, Courvoisier DS, Giannopoulou C. Microbiologic Response to Periodontal Therapy and Multivariable Prediction of Clinical Outcome. J Periodontol 2017; 88:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mombelli
- Division of Periodontology, University of Geneva School of Dental Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adnan Almaghlouth
- Currently, Department of Dentistry, King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; previously, Division of Periodontology, University of Geneva School of Dental Medicine
| | - Norbert Cionca
- Division of Periodontology, University of Geneva School of Dental Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José Cancela
- Division of Periodontology, University of Geneva School of Dental Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delphine S. Courvoisier
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Giannopoulou
- Division of Periodontology, University of Geneva School of Dental Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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LeBel G, Haas B, Adam AA, Veilleux MP, Lagha AB, Grenier D. Effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark essential oil on the halitosis-associated bacterium Solobacterium moorei and in vitro cytotoxicity. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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150
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Kim AR, Ahn KB, Kim HY, Seo HS, Kum KY, Yun C, Han SH. Streptococcus gordonii lipoproteins induce IL-8 in human periodontal ligament cells. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:218-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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