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Li H, Wu R, Yu H, Zheng Q, Chen Y. Bioactive Herbal Extracts of Traditional Chinese Medicine Applied with the Biomaterials: For the Current Applications and Advances in the Musculoskeletal System. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:778041. [PMID: 34776987 PMCID: PMC8581265 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated superior therapeutic effect for musculoskeletal diseases for thousands of years. Recently, the herbal extracts of TCM have received rapid advances in musculoskeletal tissue engineering (MTE). A literature review collecting both English and Chinese references on bioactive herbal extracts of TCM in biomaterial-based approaches was performed. This review provides an up-to-date overview of application of TCMs in the field of MTE, involving regulation of multiple signaling pathways in osteogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, and chondrogenesis. Meanwhile, we highlight the potential advantages of TCM, opening the possibility of its extensive application in MTE. Overall, the superiority of traditional Chinese medicine turns it into an attractive candidate for coupling with advanced additive manufacturing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Rongjie Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiujian Zheng, ; Yuanfeng Chen,
| | - Yuanfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Research Department of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiujian Zheng, ; Yuanfeng Chen,
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102
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Cong L, Ren Y, Hou T, Han X, Dong Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Liu R, Xu S, Wang L, Du Y, Qiu C. Use of Cardiovascular Drugs for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among Rural-Dwelling Older Chinese Adults. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:608136. [PMID: 33424613 PMCID: PMC7793651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors and related disorders are common among older adults, and use of various classes of cardiovascular (CV) drugs could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, data are sparse with regard to the use of CV drugs among rural-dwelling older adults in China. Therefore, this population-based study aimed to describe use of CV drugs among older adults living in the rural communities in China, while taking into account the use of CV drugs for primary and secondary prevention of CVDs. This study included 5,246 participants (age ≥65 years; 57.17% women; 40.68% illiteracy) in the baseline examination of the MIND-China study. In March-September 2018, data on health-related factors, CVDs (ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke), and CV drug use were collected via face-to-face survey, clinical examination, and laboratory tests. We classified CV drugs according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system for western medications and specific cardiovascular effects for the products of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). We conducted descriptive analysis. The overall prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors ranged from 14.30% in diabetes and 23.81% in dyslipidemia to 66.70% in hypertension, and CVDs affected 35.07% of all participants (36.28% in women vs. 33.47% in men, p = 0.035). In the total sample, calcium channel blockers (C08) were most commonly used (10.39%), followed by TCM products (7.64%), hypoglycemic agents (A10, 4.73%), renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-acting agents (C09, 4.61%), and lipid-lowering agents (C10, 4.17%). The proportions of CV drugs for primary prevention (i.e., use of CV drugs among people without CVD) were 3.14% for antithrombotic agents (mainly aspirin), 1.38% for lipid-lowering agents, and 3.11% for RAS-acting agents; the corresponding figures for secondary prevention (i.e., use of CV drugs among people with CVD) were 13.97%, 9.35%, and 7.39%. In conclusion, despite highly prevalent cardiovascular risk factors and CVDs, a fairly low proportion of the rural-dwelling older adults take CV medications for primary and secondary prevention. Notably, TCM products are among the most commonly used CV drugs. These results call for additional efforts to promote implementation of the evidence-based recommendations for prevention of CVDs in the primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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103
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Protocatechuic acid attenuates brain edema and blood-brain barrier disruption after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice by promoting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Neuroreport 2020; 31:1274-1282. [PMID: 33165199 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) plays a key role in the recovery process. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) has been proved possessing neuroprotection in ICH. Here we tried to explore its value in brain edema after ICH and reveal underlying mechanisms. ICH model was created in C57 mice using collagenase IV. PCA was injected intraperitoneally at 30 mg/kg every 24 h in PCA group. On day 3 after ICH, the water content of hemorrhagic ipsilateral hemisphere in PCA group was significantly reduced compared with vehicle group. AQP4, the main water channel, was remarkably decreased in PCA group. Additionally, ZO-1 and occludin expression were increased in PCA group. The bEnd.3 cells were cultured to understand the effect of PCA on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Compare to hemin treated group, plus PCA enhanced the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Furtherly, the overexpression of HO-1, ZO-1, occludin, in the PCA treatment group was inhibited after knockdown of Nrf2. Taken together, our results proved PCA alleviated brain edema and BBB disruption in ICH by promoting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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104
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Li R, Cui Y, Zheng X, Qin X, Cao J, Li Z. Characterization of chemical components in the Guanxinning injection by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4662. [PMID: 33166042 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Guanxinning injection (GXNI) is widely used in the treatments of cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, sequela, coronary disease, stenocardia, arrhythmia, and so on. For the herbal injections, more components should be characterized and quantified as much as possible to guarantee the drug safety. However, large numbers of the chemical constituents in the GXNI still remain unknown. In this study, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q Orbitrap HRMS), in combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), was used to identify the components in GXNI, which led to the identification of 194 compounds. With the aid of solvent partition, more phthalides, diterpenoid quinines, and salvianolic acids were tentatively identified, and minor compounds with the other structural types were also detected. The structural diversity of phthalides and diterpenoid quinones were revealed by the structural network, and six phthalides and 13 diterpenoid quinones were further detected in GXNI with the help of the characteristic fragmentation pattern and structural network. In addition, NMR also revealed the presence of a series of primary metabolites in the GXNI, which could be used as a complimentary approach for the rapid identification of the chemical components in the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). However, the unknown NMR signals of GXNI needed to be further identified to guarantee the drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yifan Cui
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaofen Zheng
- Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Ltd., Yuncheng, 044600, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jianjun Cao
- Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Ltd., Yuncheng, 044600, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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105
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Sun Y, Yuan M, Liu X, Su M, Wang L, Zeng Y, Zang H, Nie L. Comparative analysis of rapid quality evaluation of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) with Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer and portable near-infrared spectrometer. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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106
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Hou Z, Li Y, Su F, Chen J, Zhang X, Xu L, Yang D, Liang Z. Application of 1H-NMR combined with qRT-PCR technology in the exploration of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in hair roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Salvia castanea f. tomentosa Stib. PLANTA 2020; 253:2. [PMID: 33247370 PMCID: PMC7695671 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Methyl jasmonate promotes the synthesis of rosmarinic acid in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Salvia castanea f. tomentosa Stib, and it promotes the latter more strongly. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) is a traditional Chinese medicinal material, its water-soluble phenolic acid component rosmarinic acid has very important medicinal value. Salvia castanea f. tomentosa Stib (SCT) mainly distributed in Nyingchi, Tibet. Its pharmacological effects are similar to SMB, but its rosmarinic acid is significantly higher than the former. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) as an inducer can induce the synthesis of phenolic acids in SMB and SCT. However, the role of MJ on rosmarinic acid in SMB is controversial. Therefore, this study used SMB and SCT hair root as an experimental material and MJ as a variable. On one hand, exploring the controversial reports in SMB; on the other hand, comparing the differences in the mechanism of action of MJ on the phenolic acids in SMB and SCT. The content of related metabolites and the expression of key genes in the synthesis pathway of rosmarinic acid was analyzed by 1H-NMR combined with qRT-PCR technology. Our research has reached the following conclusions: first of all, MJ promotes the accumulation of rosmarinic acid and related phenolic acids in the metabolic pathways of SMB and SCT. After MJ treatment, the content of related components and gene expression are increased. Second, compared to SMB, SCT has a stronger response to MJ. It is speculated that the different responses of secondary metabolism-related genes to MJ may lead to different metabolic responses of salvianolic acid between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoni Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Feng Su
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chao Wang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jipeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chao Wang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ling Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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107
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Zhou J, Jiang YY, Wang XX, Wang HP, Chen H, Wu YC, Wang L, Pu X, Yue GZ, Zhang L. Tanshinone IIA suppresses ovarian cancer growth through inhibiting malignant properties and angiogenesis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1295. [PMID: 33209875 PMCID: PMC7661888 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background In Chinese herbal medicine, Tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA) is one of the main compounds extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Tan-IIA has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of various tumors. However, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of the antitumor effect of Tan-IIA have yet to be fully illuminated. Methods A2780 and ID-8 were treated with 0, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, or 9.6 µg/mL Tan-IIA for 24 hours. Cell counting Kit-8 assay and EdU staining were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and flow cytometry were performed to analyze apoptosis. Western blot was carried out to determine the protein levels. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. The levels of mRNA expression were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The anti-tumor effect of Tan-IIA was observed in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Results Tan-IIA inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing G2/M phase arrest. It also down-regulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and up-regulated Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in ovarian cancer cells to induce apoptosis, and suppressed cell migration by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. Tan-IIA significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) mRNA expression in ovarian cancer cells. In vivo, Tan-IIA significantly inhibited tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and promoting anti-angiogenesis. Conclusions The results of this study shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms for the antitumor effect of Tan-IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Jiang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yi-Chao Wu
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiang Pu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Gui-Zhou Yue
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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108
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Guo R, Li L, Su J, Li S, Duncan SE, Liu Z, Fan G. Pharmacological Activity and Mechanism of Tanshinone IIA in Related Diseases. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4735-4748. [PMID: 33192051 PMCID: PMC7653026 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s266911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza: (Danshen) is a significant (traditional Chinese medication) natural remedy, enhancing blood circulation and clear blood stasis. In this view, it is widely used against several heart diseases, eg, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and congenital heart defects. Tanshinone IIA (tan-IIA) is the main fat-soluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Modern pharmacological study shows that tan-IIA has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Tan-IIA induces remarkable cardioprotective effects via enhancing angiogenesis which may serve as an effective treatment against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There is also evidence that tan-IIA has extensive immunomodulatory effects and plays a significant role in the development and function of immune cells. Tan-IIA reduces the production of inflammatory mediators and restores abnormal signaling pathways via regulating the function and activation of immune cells. It can also regulate signal transduction pathways, ie, TLR/NF-κB pathway and MAPKs/NF-κB pathway, thereby tan-IIA has an anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antithrombotic and neuroprotective role. It plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders (ie, atherosclerosis, hypertension) and Alzheimer’s disease. It has also been revealed that tan-IIA has an anti-tumor role by killing various tumor cells, inducing differentiation and apoptosis, and has potential activity against carcinoma progression. In the review of this fact, the tan-IIA role in different diseases and its mechanism have been summarized while its clinical applications are also explored to provide a new perspective of Salvia miltiorrhiza. An extensive study on the mechanism of action of tan-IIA is of great significance for the effective use of Chinese herbal medicine and the promotion of its status and influence on the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sophia Esi Duncan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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109
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Song Z, Lin C, Xing P, Fen Y, Jin H, Zhou C, Gu YQ, Wang J, Li X. A high-quality reference genome sequence of Salvia miltiorrhiza provides insights into tanshinone synthesis in its red rhizomes. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20041. [PMID: 33217202 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, also known as red sage or Danshen, is an important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used for thousands of years to treat cardiovascular and other diseases. It is also considered an important model TCM plant. Here, a high-quality reference genome of S. miltiorrhiza was generated by combining PacBio long-read sequencing and chromatin interaction mapping (Hi-C) technologies, resulting in the chromosome-scale assembly of a 594.75-Mb genome sequence with a contig N50 of 2.70 Mb. This assembly shows the highest level of continuity for a Danshen genome generated thus far. The S. miltiorrhiza genome contained 32,483 protein-coding genes, with a repetitive DNA content of approximately 64.84%. The high percentage of young LTRs suggests that multiple TE transposition bursts occurred recently in S. miltiorrhiza. Genes unique to secondary metabolism pathways were expanded in the S. miltiorrhiza genome. A new CYP450 gene cluster was identified in the phloem of red roots where active components were synthesized. This reference genome sequence will facilitate future studies aimed at the elucidation of the secondary metabolism synthesis pathway and the genetic improvement of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiao Song
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
| | - Caicai Lin
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
| | - Piyi Xing
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fen
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
| | - Changhao Zhou
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
| | - Yong Q Gu
- Crop Improvement & Genetics Research, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
| | - Xingfeng Li
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271028, China
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110
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Gao C, Wu C, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Wu M, Chen R, Zhao Y, Li Z. Characterization of Chloroplast Genomes From Two Salvia Medicinal Plants and Gene Transfer Among Their Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genomes. Front Genet 2020; 11:574962. [PMID: 33193683 PMCID: PMC7642825 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.574962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia species have been widely used as medicinal plants and have played an important role in the treatment and recovery of individuals with COVID-19. In this study, we reported two newly identified whole chloroplast genome sequences of Salvia medicinal plants (Salvia yangii and Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba) and compared them with those of seven other reported Salvia chloroplast genomes. These were proven to be highly similar in terms of overall size, genome structure, gene content, and gene order. We identified 10 mutation hot spots (trnK-rps16, atpH-atpI, psaA-ycf3, ndhC-trnV, ndhF, rpl32-trnL, ndhG-ndhI, rps15-ycf1, ycf1a, and ycf1b) as candidate DNA barcodes for Salvia. Additionally, we observed the transfer of nine large-sized chloroplast genome fragments, with a total size of 49,895 bp (accounting for 32.97% of the chloroplast genome), into the mitochondrial genome as they shared >97% sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analyses of the whole chloroplast genome provided a high resolution of Salvia. This study will pave the way for the identification and breeding of Salvia medicinal plants and further phylogenetic evolutionary research on them as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Gao
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiqiang Li
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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111
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Hu Y, Wang X, Li Q, Pan Y, Xu L. Salvianolic acid B alleviates myocardial ischemic injury by promoting mitophagy and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5199-5208. [PMID: 33174042 PMCID: PMC7646978 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the main water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Sal B could exert significant anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protective effects; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate the association between myocardial ischemia and inflammation, and to develop effective protective drugs, a rat model of myocardial ischemia was induced using isoproterenol (ISO) and an inflammation model in H9C2 cells was induced with lipopolysaccharide + adenosine triphosphate. Both of these models were treated with different concentrations of Sal B (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg in vivo; 1, 5 and 25 µM in vitro). In vivo, the serum levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and IL-1β, the cardiac function and the mRNA expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components were evaluated using ELISAs, an electrocardiogram, hematoxylin and eosin staining and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. The results demonstrated that treatment with Sal B markedly alleviated the acute myocardial ischemic injury induced by hypodermic injection of ISO in rats. In vitro, the results of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, JC-1 staining, western blotting and TUNEL assays showed that Sal B treatment significantly inhibited intracellular ROS production, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, regulated the expression of mitophagy-related proteins, inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibited apoptosis in H9C2 cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that Sal B exerted protective effects against myocardial ischemic injury by promoting mitophagy and maintaining mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Qingju Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yunzheng Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Siddiqui AJ, Danciu C, Ashraf SA, Moin A, Singh R, Alreshidi M, Patel M, Jahan S, Kumar S, Alkhinjar MIM, Badraoui R, Snoussi M, Adnan M. Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091244. [PMID: 32967179 PMCID: PMC7570315 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is in focus over all known human diseases, because it is destroying the world economy and social life, with increased mortality rate each day. To date, there is no specific medicine or vaccine available against this pandemic disease. However, the presence of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules with antiviral properties might also be a successful strategy in order to develop therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this review will summarize the available literature and other information/data sources related to antiviral medicinal plants, with possible ethnobotanical evidence in correlation with coronaviruses. The identification of novel antiviral compounds is of critical significance, and medicinal plant based natural compounds are a good source for such discoveries. In depth search and analysis revealed several medicinal plants with excellent efficacy against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, which are well-known to act on ACE-2 receptor, 3CLpro and other viral protein targets. In this review, we have consolidated the data of several medicinal plants and their natural bioactive metabolites, which have promising antiviral activities against coronaviruses with detailed modes of action/mechanism. It is concluded that this review will be useful for researchers worldwide and highly recommended for the development of naturally safe and effective therapeutic drugs/agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be used in therapeutic protocols alone or in combination with chemically synthetized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (C.D.); Tel.: +40-744-648-855 (C.D.)
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (C.D.); Tel.: +40-744-648-855 (C.D.)
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India;
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India;
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah 15341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India;
| | - Mulfi I. M. Alkhinjar
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine College of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta-Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine College of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
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Overview of Salvia miltiorrhiza as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Various Diseases: An Update on Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090857. [PMID: 32933217 PMCID: PMC7555792 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza) is a medicinal herb that has been used for the treatment for various diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in East Asia including Korea. Considering its extensive usage as a therapeutic agent for multiple diseases, there is a need to review previous research regarding its therapeutic benefits and their mechanisms. Therefore, we searched PubMed and PubMed Central for articles reporting its therapeutic effects on certain disease groups including cancers, cardiovascular, liver, and nervous system diseases. This review provides an overview of therapeutic benefits and targets of S. miltiorrhiza, including inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The findings on multi-functional properties of S. miltiorrhiza discussed in this article support the efficacy of S. miltiorrhiza extract on various diseases, but also call for further research on the multiple mechanisms that mediate its therapeutic effects.
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Wu YH, Wu YR, Li B, Yan ZY. Cryptotanshinone: A review of its pharmacology activities and molecular mechanisms. Fitoterapia 2020; 145:104633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rui M, Pang H, Ji W, Wang S, Yu X, Wang L, Feng C. Development of simultaneous interaction prediction approach (SiPA) for the expansion of interaction network of traditional Chinese medicine. Chin Med 2020; 15:90. [PMID: 32863859 PMCID: PMC7448979 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the lack of enough interaction data among compositions, targets and diseases, it is difficult to construct a complete network of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that comprehensively reflects active compositions and their synergistic network in terms of specific diseases. Therefore, mapping of the full spectrum of interaction between compounds and their targets is of central importance when we use network pharmacology approach to explore the therapeutic potential of the TCM. Methods To address this challenge, we developed a large-scale simultaneous interaction prediction approach (SiPA) integrated one interaction network based simple inference model (SIM), focusing on ‘logical relevance’ between compounds, proteins or diseases, and another compound-target correlation space based interaction prediction model (CTCS-IPM) that was built on the basis of the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to estimate the position of compounds (or targets) in compound-protein correlated space. Then SiPA was applied to discover reliable multiple interactions for interaction network expansion of a TCM, compound Salvia miltiorrhiza. By means of network analysis, potential active compounds and their related network synergy underlying cardiovascular diseases were evaluated between expanded and original interaction networks. Part of new interactions were validated with existing experimental evidence and molecular docking. Results As evaluated with known test dataset, the established combination approach was proved to make highly accurate prediction, showing a well prediction performance for the SIM and a high recall rate of 85.2% for the CTCS-IPM. Then 710 pairs of new compound-target interactions, 24 pairs of new compound-cardiovascular disease interactions and 294 pairs of new cardiovascular disease-protein interactions were predicted for compound Salvia miltiorrhiza. Results of network analysis suggested the network expansion could dramatically improve the completeness and effectiveness of the network. Validation results of literature and molecular docking manifested that inferred interactions had good reliability. Conclusions We provided a practical and efficient way for large-scale inference of multiple interactions of TCM ingredients, which was not limited by the lack of negative samples, sample size and target 3D structures. SiPA could help researchers more accurately prioritize the effective compounds and more completely explore network synergy of TCM for treating specific diseases, indicating a potential way for effectively identifying candidate compound (or target) in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Rui
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Lilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
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Tan S, Hou X, Mei L. Dihydrotanshinone I inhibits human glioma cell proliferation via the activation of ferroptosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:122. [PMID: 32863935 PMCID: PMC7448571 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dihydrotanshinone I (DHI) on the survival of human glioma cells and the expression levels of ferroptosis-associated proteins. Human U251 and U87 glioma cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of DHI and/or the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to determine the cell survival rate. The cells were further analyzed to determine their 5-, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios. Western blotting was used to detect ferroptosis-associated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL-4). Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were also observed using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester staining and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The results revealed that DHI inhibited the proliferation of human glioma cells. Following treatment of the U251 and U87 cells with DHI, changes in the expression levels of ferroptosis-associated proteins were observed; the expression level of GPX4 decreased and that of ACSL-4 increased. DHI also increased the levels of LDH and MDA in the human glioma cells and reduced the GSH/GSSG ratio. The DHI-treated cells also exhibited a marked reduction in MMP. Furthermore, ferrostatin-1 blocked the DHI-induced effects in human glioma cells. From these results, it may be concluded that DHI inhibits the proliferation of human glioma cells via the induction of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shougang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Wang X, Guo D, Li W, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Li C, Qiu Q, Wang Y. Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) restricts MD2/TLR4-MyD88 complex formation and signalling in acute myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10677-10692. [PMID: 32757377 PMCID: PMC7521313 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a major public health burden. Inflammation has been shown to be a critical factor in the progression of HF, regardless of the aetiology. Disappointingly, the majority of clinical trials targeting aspects of inflammation in patients with HF have been largely negative. Many clinical researches demonstrate that danshen has a good efficacy on HF, and however, whether danshen exerts anti‐inflammatory effects against HF remains unclear. In our study, the employment of a water extracted and alcohol precipitated of danshen extract attenuated cardiac dysfunction and inflammation response in acute myocardial infarction‐induced HF rats. Transcriptome technique and validation results revealed that TLR4 signalling pathway was involved in the anti‐inflammation effects of danshen. In vitro, danshen reduced the release of inflammatory mediators in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Besides, the LPS‐stimulated macrophage conditioned media was applied to induce cardiac H9C2 cells injury, which could be attenuated by danshen. Furtherly, knock‐down and overexpression of TLR4 were utilized to confirm that danshen ameliorated inflammatory injury via MyD88‐dependent TLR4‐TRAF6‐NF‐κB signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, by utilizing co‐immunoprecipitation, danshen was proved to suppress MD2/TLR4 complex formation and MyD88 recruitment. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that danshen ameliorates inflammatory injury by controlling MD2/TLR4‐MyD88 complex formation and TLR4‐TRAF6‐NF‐κB signalling pathway in acute myocardial infarction‐induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqing Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ceccherini E, Cecchettini A, Morales MA, Rocchiccioli S. The Potentiality of Herbal Remedies in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From In Vitro to Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:813. [PMID: 32587513 PMCID: PMC7298067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a complex pathological condition, characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the biliary epithelium. Without proper clinical management, progressive bile ducts and liver damage lead to cirrhosis and, ultimately, to liver failure. The known limited role of current drugs for treating this cholangiopathy has driven researchers to assess alternative therapeutic options. Some herbal remedies and their phytochemicals have shown anti-fibrotic properties in different experimental models of hepatic diseases and, occasionally, in clinical trials in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients; however their mechanism of action is not completely understood. This review briefly examines relevant studies focusing on the potential anti-fibrotic properties of Silybum marianum, Curcuma longa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and quercetin. Each natural product is individually reviewed and the possible mechanisms of action discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ceccherini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Cecchettini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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Liu Y, Xue Q, Li A, Li K, Qin X. Mechanisms exploration of herbal pair of HuangQi-DanShen on cerebral ischemia based on metabonomics and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112688. [PMID: 32101772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herbal pair of HuangQi-DanShen (HD) is frequently used for treating brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia (CI) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). AIM OF THE STUDY The present work was designed to reveal the active mechanism of HD against CI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our work, an integrated approach combined 1H-NMR based metabonomics and network pharmacology was applied to decipher the protection of HD against MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion)-induced CI rats. Meanwhile, the indicator of neurological deficit and TTC staining were used to estimate the efficacy of HD. RESULTS The results of neurological deficit test and TTC staining suggested HD could improve the brain injury in CI rats. The metabonomic result indicated that HD could significantly ameliorate 8 serum metabolites in CI rats, which were linked 71 corresponding targeted proteins obtained by Metscape. In addition, 84 targets related HD against CI were obtained by network pharmacology. At last, 5 important targets were screened as hopeful targets for the treatment of CI through integrating them. CONCLUSION The integrated method coupled 1H-NMR based metabonomics with network pharmacology provided the insights into the mechanisms of TCM in treating CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- YueTao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - QianQian Xue
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - AiPing Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - XueMei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
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Zhou YS, Mao S, Guo LH, Gao XY, Zou X, Zhang MZ. Effect of Tongguan Capsules () on Restenosis after Coronary Stent Implantation: Study Protocol for A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:16-23. [PMID: 32335860 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-2722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) had become widely employed therapeutic procedure for coronary artery disease, stent restenosis limited the benefits of this revascularization and the question how to prevent such events remained unresolved. While numerous empirical observations suggested Tongguan Capsules (), a patented Chinese Medicine, could decrease frequency and duration of angina pectoris attacks, evidence supporting its efficacy on restenosis remained inadequate. OBJECTIVE This trial was designed to determine whether Tongguan Capsules would reduce restenosis rate in patients after successful stent implantation. METHODS Approximately 400 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary stent deployment were enrolled and randomized to control group or Tongguan Capsules (4.5 g/d) for 3 months. All patients received standard anti-platelet, anti-coagulation and lipid-decreasing treatments, concurrently. The primary clinical endpoint was the 12-month incidence of the major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and recurrence of symptoms requiring additional revascularization). The angiographic end point was restenosis rate at 6 months. CONCLUSION This study would provide important evidence for the use of Tongguan Capsules in patients after stent implantation in combination with routine therapies, which may significantly reduce incidence of the restenosis so as to potentially improve the clinical outcomes. (registration number: ChiCTR-TRC- ChiCTR-IIR-17011407).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shen Zhou
- Key Discipline of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Doctoral Candidate of Guanzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuai Mao
- Key Discipline of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li-Heng Guo
- Key Discipline of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiong-Yi Gao
- Key Discipline of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xu Zou
- Key Discipline of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Min-Zhou Zhang
- Key Discipline of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China. .,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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121
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Ye T, Xiong D, Chen L, Li Y, Gong S, Zhang L, Li B, Pan J, Qian J, Qu H. Effect of Danshen on TLR2-triggered inflammation in macrophages. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 70:153228. [PMID: 32361291 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) is a valued herbal plant widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries. In modern medicine, innate immunity-induced inflammation is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanism of Danshen. PURPOSE To evaluate the molecular mechanisms of Danshen on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-triggered inflammation in macrophages and identify its bioactive components. METHODS Pam3CSK4-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were treated with Danshen water extract (DSE), and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) were measured by both real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based bioinformatics analyses were applied to reveal the novel molecular mechanisms of DSE, followed by western blotting for verification. Additionally, HPLC-UV analysis along with bioassays was performed to identify the bioactive ingredients of DSE. RESULTS The results of RT-qPCR and ELISA showed that DSE significantly inhibited proinflammatory cytokine expression in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome analyses revealed that a wider panel of inflammatory cytokines responded to the regulatory effect of DSE, and that the TNF signaling pathway might have played a vital role. Western blotting data confirmed the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) and Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) related singling pathway. Among the seven components identified in DSE, Danshensu (DSS) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PA) were confirmed as bioactive ones with anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION DSE showed a promising effect against TLR2-triggered inflammation associated with the inhibition of the TNF cascade down-streamed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, in which IL-6 acts as the key effective molecule, and ERK and JNK phosphorylation was inhibited. Notably, DSS and PA were considered bioactive components with anti-inflammatory bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Libing Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luquan Zhang
- Guizhou Baite Pharmaceutical co., Ltd., Guizhou, China
| | - Bailing Li
- Guizhou Baite Pharmaceutical co., Ltd., Guizhou, China
| | - Jianyang Pan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Guo Y, Chen B, Pei X, Zhang D. Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrine: An Emerging Role for Management of Breast Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:25-36. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200110143706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrine (RST), known as FangJi (Pinyin name) in Chinese, is the
dried root of Stephania tetrandra S.Moore, and has been prescribed in combination with other herbs to treat cardiovascular
diseases and breast cancer in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical trials.
Objective:
The aim of the review is to provide a comprehensive evaluation about the application of RST in breast
cancer management in TCM clinical trials, its ingredients, and its action on preventing the development of breast
cancer in vitro and in vivo studies.
Methods:
Literature sources used were Pubmed, CNKI.net, Cqvip.com, and the Web of Science. For the inquiry,
keywords such as Fangji, breast cancer, clinical trials, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrine, tetrandrine, and fangchinoline
were used in various combinations. About 150 research papers and reviews were consulted.
Results:
In TCM, RST exhibited the anti-tumor ability through its action on the bladder and lungs through dispersing
phlegm and blood stasis. 10 clinical trials were identified which used RST in combination with other
herbs to treat breast cancer. On average, the trials were characterized by high efficacy (>85%) and low toxicity.
However, most of the clinical trials are characterized as small patient samples, poor design, and different combinations
of herbs in prescriptions. To date, more and more compounds have been isolated from this plant. RST
exhibited anti-tumor activities by targeting reversing multidrug resistance, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing
apoptosis, preventing tumor angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and enhancing the sensitization and
attenuating the toxicity of radiotherapy.
Conclusion:
The successful applications of RST in TCM clinical trials and preclinical experiments to beating
breast cancer will provide potent lead compounds in the identification of novel anti-cancer drugs, which further
contributes to the scientific exploration of functions of RST in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Guo
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohua Pei
- The Fangshan Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Hsieh SK, Lin NH, Chen YJ, Lee MR, Chen WY, Tzen JT. Therapeutic Effects of Lithospermate B Complexed with Mg 2+ or Zn 2+ on Metabolic Syndrome Induced in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040983. [PMID: 32098371 PMCID: PMC7070705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive food consumption and insufficient exercise lead to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in modern life, which consequently increases the risk of many chronic diseases. Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) from Danshen has been demonstrated to improve metabolic changes in high-fat diet–fed rats with metabolic syndrome. In this study, Mg2+ in MLB was successfully replaced with Zn2+ to form zinc lithospermate B (ZLB) complex. MLB (10 mg/kg /day) and ZLB of various concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day) were prepared and examined for their therapeutic effects on metabolic syndrome induced in rats fed with a high-fat diet. The results showed that both MLB and ZLB were able to recover or alleviate the abnormal physiological states of high-fat diet–fed rats including weight gain, epididymal fat accumulation, fatty liver, retarded blood lipid and glucose metabolism putatively caused by insulin resistance, and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokine, leptin, and oxidative stress. In an overall view of the animal study, the effectiveness of ZLB supplementation seemed to be better than that of MLB supplementation for the recovery of high-fat-fed rats from metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kuo Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-K.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Nan-Hei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-K.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-Y.C.); (J.T.C.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840328 (ext. 776) (J.T.C.T.); Fax: +886-4-22853527 (J.T.C.T.)
| | - Jason T.C. Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-K.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: (W.-Y.C.); (J.T.C.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840328 (ext. 776) (J.T.C.T.); Fax: +886-4-22853527 (J.T.C.T.)
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Singh L, Joshi T, Tewari D, Echeverría J, Mocan A, Sah AN, Parvanov E, Tzvetkov NT, Ma ZF, Lee YY, Poznański P, Huminiecki L, Sacharczuk M, Jóźwik A, Horbańczuk JO, Feder-Kubis J, Atanasov AG. Ethnopharmacological Applications Targeting Alcohol Abuse: Overview and Outlook. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1593. [PMID: 32116660 PMCID: PMC7034411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is the cause of several diseases and thus is of a major concern for society. Worldwide alcohol consumption has increased by many folds over the past decades. This urgently calls for intervention and relapse counteract measures. Modern pharmacological solutions induce complete alcohol self-restraint and prevent relapse, but they have many side effects. Natural products are most promising as they cause fewer adverse effects. Here we discuss in detail the medicinal plants used in various traditional/folklore medicine systems for targeting alcohol abuse. We also comprehensively describe preclinical and clinical studies done on some of these plants along with the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Singh
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation & Management, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development, Almora, India
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Emil Parvanov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Division BIOCEV, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department Global R&D, NTZ Lab Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Piotr Poznański
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Lukasz Huminiecki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kumar VB, Lin SH, Mahalakshmi B, Lo YS, Lin CC, Chuang YC, Hsieh MJ, Chen MK. Sodium Danshensu Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Modulating p38 Signaling Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568436. [PMID: 33101201 PMCID: PMC7554528 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.568436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that comprises about 90% of all oral cancer cases is associated with poor prognosis due to its highly metastatic nature. The majority of OSCC treatment options are related detrimental side-effects. Hypothesis/Purpose: The present study aimed at deciphering the effects of a bioactive phytochemical, sodium danshensu, on human oral cancer cell metastasis. Methods and Results: The treatment of FaDu and Ca9-22 cells with different doses of sodium danshensu (25, 50, and 100 μM) caused a significant reduction in cellular motility, migration, and invasion, as compared to the untreated cells. This effect was associated with a reduced expression of MMP-2, vimentin and N-cadherin, together with an enhanced expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1. Further investigation on the molecular mechanism revealed that treatment with sodium danshensu caused significant reduction in p38 phosphorylation; however, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 significantly decreased only in FaDu cells, whereas p-JNK1/2 did not show any alteration. A combination of p38 and JNK1/2 inhibitors with sodium danshensu also reduced the migration in the FaDu and Ca9-22 cell lines. Conclusion: Collectively, the present study findings reveal that sodium danshensu execute anti-metastatic effect by suppressing p38 phosphorylation in human oral cancer. The study identifies sodium danshensu as a potential natural anticancer agent that can be used therapeutically to manage highly metastatic OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Bharath Kumar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - B. Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ming-Ju Hsieh
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Mu-Kuan Chen
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Zhou F, Teng L, Liu Y, Ma Y, Chen W, Bi L. Elaboration of the Comprehensive Metabolic Profile of Salvianolic Acid A in Vivo and in Vitro Using UFLC-Q/TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12199-12207. [PMID: 31595753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) has a wide range of pharmacological activities. To date, there have been no systematic and detailed metabolite research data of Sal A after oral administration in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a rapid and systematic method based on ultrafast liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed to detect metabolites of Sal A in vitro (human liver microsome, human intestinal microbiota, artificial gastric, and intestinal juice) and in vivo (urine, plasma, feces, and various organs collected after oral administration of Sal A to normal rats and pseudo-germ-free rats). A total of 26 metabolites of Sal A were characterized. These metabolites were formed through extensive metabolic reactions, such as hydroxylation, hydrogenation, and glucuronidation reactions. This study provides novel possibility for exploring the potential biological mechanism of Sal A, and aids the promotion of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiong Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , 157 Daming Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210012 , China
- School of Preclinical Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , 138 Xianlin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Linxin Teng
- School of Preclinical Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , 138 Xianlin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Preclinical Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , 138 Xianlin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- School of Preclinical Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , 138 Xianlin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Weiping Chen
- School of Preclinical Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , 138 Xianlin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Lei Bi
- School of Preclinical Medicine , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , 138 Xianlin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
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Investigating the effects and possible mechanisms of danshen- honghua herb pair on acute myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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128
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Salehi B, Ata A, V. Anil Kumar N, Sharopov F, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ruiz-Ortega A, Abdulmajid Ayatollahi S, Valere Tsouh Fokou P, Kobarfard F, Amiruddin Zakaria Z, Iriti M, Taheri Y, Martorell M, Sureda A, N. Setzer W, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Capasso R, Adrian Ostrander E, -ur-Rahman A, Iqbal Choudhary M, C. Cho W, Sharifi-Rad J. Antidiabetic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Active Components. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E551. [PMID: 31575072 PMCID: PMC6843349 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. Examples of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential are described, with focuses on preclinical and clinical studies. The beneficial potential of each plant matrix is given by the combined and concerted action of their profile of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran;
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada;
| | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan;
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Ana Ruiz-Ortega
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Autopista Concepción—Talcahuano, Concepción 7100, Chile;
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon;
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, and CIBEROBN—Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CB12/03/30038, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Elise Adrian Ostrander
- Medical Illustration, Kendall College of Art and Design, Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Atta -ur-Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 7861756447, Iran
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Yan L, Zhao R, An J, Liu C, Yang H. Danshen extract (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) attenuate spinal cord injury in a rat model: A metabolomic approach for the mechanism study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152966. [PMID: 31132751 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder caused by trauma. To date, SCI treatment is still a significant challenge in clinic and research around the world. Danshen (dried roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza), a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb, has been attracting attention in SCI treatment. PURPOSE Aim of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of danshen extract in a SCI rat model, as well as investigate possible mechanism of action and potential biomarkers. METHODS Here, a rat SCI model was established with weight-drop method, and danshen extract was administered by oral gavage (12.5 g/kg). Recovery of motor function and histomorphological changes were evaluated by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score and hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. In addition, neurofilament 200 (NF-H), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD11b expressions were assayed by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Furthermore, a metabolomics analysis based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach was conducted. RESULTS The results demonstrated that danshen extract could significantly ameliorated histopathology changes and improved recovery of motor function after SCI. Moreover, NF-H, BDNF and CD11b expression were progressively increased until 4 weeks post-injury after administrated danshen extract. Furthermore, a good separation was observed among different groups using OPLS-DA. Trajectory analysis showed the gradual shift from position of model group toward normal group with increasing time after administration of danshen extract. Meanwhile, 51 significantly altered metabolites were identified, while metabolic pathway analysis suggested that 6 metabolic pathways were disturbed by the altered metabolites. CONCLUSION In summary, this study provides an overview of neuroprotective effects and investigates possible mechanism of danshen extract in SCI treatment. However, further research is needed to uncover its regulatory mechanisms more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China; College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Xifang Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Orthopaedic, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China; College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ciucui Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
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Peng W, Ming QL, Zhai X, Zhang Q, Rahman K, Wu SJ, Qin LP, Han T. Polysaccharide Fraction Extracted from Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma atroviride D16 Has an Influence on the Proteomics Profile of the Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Roots. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E415. [PMID: 31455038 PMCID: PMC6769542 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma atroviride develops a symbiont relationship with Salvia miltiorrhiza and this association involves a number of signaling pathways and proteomic responses between both partners. In our previous study, we have reported that polysaccharide fraction (PSF) of T. atroviride could promote tanshinones accumulation in S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Consequently, the present data elucidates the broad proteomics changes under treatment of PSF. Furthermore, we reported several previously undescribed and unexpected responses, containing gene expression patterns consistent with biochemical stresses and metabolic patterns inside the host. In summary, the PSF-induced tanshinones accumulation in S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots may be closely related to Ca2+ triggering, peroxide reaction, protein phosphorylation, and jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction, leading to an increase in leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein synthesis. This results in the changes in basic metabolic flux of sugars, amino acids, and protein synthesis, along with signal defense reactions. The results reported here increase our understanding of the interaction between T.atroviride and S.miltiorrhiza and specifically confirm the proteomic responses underlying the activities of PSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qian-Liang Ming
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Si-Jia Wu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Meng X, Zhou X, Wang T, Li F, Li H, Li J, Wang R, Wei S, Zhang Y, Cai H, Dai C, Zhao Y. Microcalorimetric study on the activation effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae combined with Radix puerariae on mice splenic lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY 2019; 137:841-848. [DOI: 10.1007/s10973-018-7949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
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132
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Liu M, Ma Y, Du Q, Hou X, Wang M, Lu S. Functional Analysis of Polyprenyl Diphosphate Synthase Genes Involved in Plastoquinone and Ubiquinone Biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:893. [PMID: 31354766 PMCID: PMC6629958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyprenyl diphosphate synthase (PPS) plays important roles in the biosynthesis of functionally important plastoquinone (PQ) and ubiquinone (UQ). However, only few plant PPS genes have been functionally characterized. Through genome-wide analysis, two PPS genes, termed SmPPS1 and SmPPS2, were identified from Salvia miltiorrhiza, an economically significant Traditional Chinese Medicine material and an emerging model medicinal plant. SmPPS1 and SmPPS2 belonged to different phylogenetic subgroups of plant trans-long-chain prenyltransferases and exhibited differential tissue expression and light-induced expression patterns. Computational prediction and transient expression assays showed that SmPPS1 was localized in the chloroplasts, whereas SmPPS2 was mainly localized in the mitochondria. SmPPS2, but not SmPPS1, could functionally complement the coq1 mutation in yeast cells and catalyzed the production of UQ-9 and UQ-10. Consistently, both UQ-9 and UQ-10 were detected in S. miltiorrhiza plants. Overexpression of SmPPS2 caused significant UQ accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza transgenics, whereas down-regulation resulted in decreased UQ content. Differently, SmPPS1 overexpression significantly elevated PQ-9 content in S. miltiorrhiza. Transgenic lines showing a down-regulation of SmPPS1 expression exhibited decreased PQ-9 level, abnormal chloroplast and trichome development, and varied leaf bleaching phenotypes. These results suggest that SmPPS1 is involved in PQ-9 biosynthesis, whereas SmPPS2 is involved in UQ-9 and UQ-10 biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yimian Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Du
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China
| | - Xuemin Hou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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133
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Feng Y, Chen Y, Yang B, Lan Q, Wang T, Cui G, Ren Z, Choi IC, Leung GPH, Yan F, Chen D, Yu HH, Lee SMY. Hepatoprotective Effect of Jianpi Huoxue Formula on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet in Rat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7465272. [PMID: 31355279 PMCID: PMC6634080 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7465272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In parallel with the prevalence metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in most countries. It features a constellation of simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. There are no approved drugs for effective management of NAFLD and NASH. Jianpi Huoxue formula (JPHX) mainly consists of Atractylodes macrocephal (Baizhu), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), Rasux Paeonia Alba (Baishao), Rhizoma Alismatis (Zexie), and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis (Wuweizi), which may have beneficial effects on NAFLD. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of JPHX on NAFLD. A NAFLD model was induced by methionine-choline-deficient food (MCD) in Wistar rats and orally administered with simultaneous JPHX, once a day for 8 weeks. Hepatocellular injury, lipid profile, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis were evaluated. The results showed that JPHX significantly decreased the abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels compared with the MCD model (P<0.05). Furthermore, JPHX protected MCD diet-fed rats from accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Histological examination demonstrated that JPHX noticeably normalized the NAFLD activity score (NAS). Moreover, JPHX ameliorated liver inflammation by decreasing TNF-α levels and reduced collagen and matrix metalloproteinases in MCD diet-fed rats. In addition, JPHX prevented rats from MCD-induced cellular apoptosis, as suggested by TUNEL staining, and suppressed the activation of caspase 3 and 7 proteins. JPHX also inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK. In conclusion, JPHX exhibited a hepatoprotective effect against NAFLD in an MCD experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Binrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qingping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guozhen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhitao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - I. Cheong Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau
| | | | - Fenggen Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dacan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hon Ho Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau
| | - Simon Ming Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
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134
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Meng X, Jiang J, Pan H, Wu S, Wang S, Lou Y, Fan G. Preclinical Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Sodium Danshensu, One of the Main Water-Soluble Ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza, in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:554. [PMID: 31231211 PMCID: PMC6558371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of sodium danshensu (Sodium DL-β-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate), one of the main water-soluble active constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza, were evaluated in rats. Pharmacokinetic study was evaluated in doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg after intravenous administration of sodium danshensu. Bioavailability study was evaluated by comparing between 30 mg/kg (I.V.) and 180 mg/kg (P.O.) of sodium danshensu. Tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion were evaluated at 30 mg/kg (I.V.) of sodium danshensu. Following intravenous administration, sodium danshensu exhibited linear pharmacokinetics in the dose range of 15–60 mg/kg. Sodium danshensu appeared to be poorly absorbed after oral administration, with an absolute bioavailability of 13.72%. The primary distribution tissue was kidney, but it was also distributed to lung, stomach, muscle, uterus, heart, etc. Within 96 h after intravenous administration, 46.99% was excreted via urine and 1.16% was excreted via feces as the parent drug. Biliary excretion of sodium danshensu was about 0.83% for 24 h. Metabolites in urine were identified as methylation, sulfation, both methylation and sulfation, and acetylation of danshensu. Sodium danshensu can be developed as an injection because of its poor oral bioavailability. In conclusion, sodium danshensu is widely distributed, mainly phase II metabolized and excreted primarily in urine as an unchanged drug in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyuan Wu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuowen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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135
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Chen X, Yu J, Zhong B, Lu J, Lu JJ, Li S, Lu Y. Pharmacological activities of dihydrotanshinone I, a natural product from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104254. [PMID: 31054311 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), a famous traditional Chinese herb, has been used clinically for the treatment of various diseases for centuries. Document data showed that tanshinones, a class of lipophilic abietane diterpenes rich in this herb, possess multiple biological effects in vitro and in vivo models. Among which, 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I (DHT) has received much attention in recent years. In this systematical review, we carefully selected, analyzed, and summarized high-quality publications related to pharmacological effects and the underlying mechanisms of DHT. DHT has anti-cancer, cardiovascular protective, anti-inflammation, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and other effects. Furthermore, several molecules such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), human antigen R (HuR), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), etc. have been identified as the potential targets for DHT. The diverse pharmacological activities of DHT provide scientific evidence for the local and traditional uses of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. We concluded that DHT might serve as a lead compound for drug discovery in related diseases while further in-depth investigations are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Bingling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shaojing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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136
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Jia Q, Zhu R, Tian Y, Chen B, Li R, Li L, Wang L, Che Y, Zhao D, Mo F, Gao S, Zhang D. Salvia miltiorrhiza in diabetes: A review of its pharmacology, phytochemistry, and safety. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152871. [PMID: 30851580 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), one of the frequently used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has now attracted rising interests for a possible alternative in the management of diabetes. This review is aimed to providing a comprehensive perspective of SM in phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities against diabetes and its complications, and safety. METHODS A comprehensive search of published literatures was conducted to locate original publications pertaining to SM and diabetes till the end of 2017 using PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Web of Science database. The main inquiry was used for the presence of the following keywords in various combinations in the titles and abstracts: Salvia miltiorrhiza, diabetes, obesity, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. About 200 research papers and reviews were consulted. RESULTS SM exhibited anti-diabetic activities by treating macro- and micro-vascular diseases in preclinical experiments and clinical trials through an improvement of redox homeostasis and inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation via the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin, TSP-1/TGF-β1/STAT3, JNK/PI3K/Akt, kinin B2 receptor-Akt-GSK-3β, AMPKβ/PGC-1α/Sirt3, Akt/AMPK, TXNIP/NLRP3, TGF-β1/NF-κB, mineralocorticoid receptor/Na+/K+-ATPase, AGEs/RAGE, Nrf2/Keap1, CaMKKβ/AMPK, AMPK/ACC, IRS-1/PI3K signaling pathways, and modulation of K+-Ca2+ channels, as well as influence of VEGF, NOS, AGEs, PPAR expression and hIAPP aggregation. The antidiabetic effects of this herb may be related to its TCM characters of improving blood circulation and reliving blood stasis. The main ingredients of SM included salvianolic acids and diterpenoid tanshinones, which have been well studied in the diabetic animals. Acute and subacute toxicity studies supported the notion that SM is well tolerated. CONCLUSION SM may offer a new strategy for prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications that stimulates extensive research into identifying potential anti-diabetic compounds and fractions as well as exploring the underlying mechanisms of this herb. Further scientific evidences are still required from well-designed preclinical experiments and clinical trials on its anti-diabetic effects and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Jia
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yimiao Tian
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yiwen Che
- The Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Guo MZ, Wang TY, Yang J, Chang H, Ji S, Tang DQ. Interaction of clopidogrel and fufang danshen dripping pills assay in coronary heart disease based on non-target metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:189-196. [PMID: 30703494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clopidogrel is the recommended treatment by current clinical practice guidelines to prevent adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), but this treatment regimen still fails and 5-40% patients display inadequate antiplatelet responses. Fufang Danshen Dripping Pill (FDDP), a Chinese patient drug, was used as the combination with clopidogrel to improve the therapeutic effect. However, the mechanism of the interaction between clopidogrel and FDDP has not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have used non-targeted metabolism method based on GC-MS and LC-MS for the investigation of drug interactions between clopidogrel and FDDP. 63 patients were divided into four groups with different dosage regimen and the serum samples were collected for the analysis. RESULTS We have found 5 and 55 differential metabolites between health volunteer group and CHD patients group, respectively. The contents of these differential metabolites had diverse changes in clopidogrel group, FDDP group, and drug combination group, indicating that the clopidogrel and FDDP combination can adjust the glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, and phospholipid metabolism, sequentially made the content of downstream related metabolites towards to the health volunteer group. CONCLUSION This work has explained the mechanism of the interaction between clopidogrel and FDDP from the point of view of metabolic product change, and revealed the potential metabolic pathways it affects, which provided the new ideas for clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Zhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yanzhou Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Yanzhou, Shandong, China.
| | - Hong Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang N, Li P, Hu X, Yang K, Peng Y, Zhu Q, Zhang R, Gao Z, Xu H, Liu B, Chen J, Zhou X. Herb Target Prediction Based on Representation Learning of Symptom related Heterogeneous Network. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:282-290. [PMID: 30867892 PMCID: PMC6396098 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has received increasing attention as a complementary approach or alternative to modern medicine. However, experimental methods for identifying novel targets of TCM herbs heavily relied on the current available herb-compound-target relationships. In this work, we present an Herb-Target Interaction Network (HTINet) approach, a novel network integration pipeline for herb-target prediction mainly relying on the symptom related associations. HTINet focuses on capturing the low-dimensional feature vectors for both herbs and proteins by network embedding, which incorporate the topological properties of nodes across multi-layered heterogeneous network, and then performs supervised learning based on these low-dimensional feature representations. HTINet obtains performance improvement over a well-established random walk based herb-target prediction method. Furthermore, we have manually validated several predicted herb-target interactions from independent literatures. These results indicate that HTINet can be used to integrate heterogeneous information to predict novel herb-target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Computer and Information Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Arts and Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- School of Computer and Information Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kuo Yang
- School of Computer and Information Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yonghong Peng
- Faculty of Computer Science, University of Sunderland, St Peters Campus, Sunderland SR6 0DD, UK
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Medical Intelligence Institute, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Runshun Zhang
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoyan Liu
- Data Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuezhong Zhou
- School of Computer and Information Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.,Data Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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139
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Gao K, Chen JX, Jia CX, Wang JP, Zhang FL, Pang XH, Wang WL, Xu PX. Study on the mechanism of qingre huoxue prescription in the intervention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction based on network pharmacology. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_15_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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140
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Wang C, Luo H, Xu Y, Tao L, Chang C, Shen X. Salvianolic Acid B-Alleviated Angiotensin II Induces Cardiac Fibrosis by Suppressing NF-κB Pathway In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7654-7664. [PMID: 30365482 PMCID: PMC6215385 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is the representative component of phenolic acids derived from the roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (Labiatae), which has been used widely in Asian countries for clinical therapy of various cardiovascular dysfunction-related diseases. However, cardiac protection effects and the underlying mechanism for clinical application are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the potential anti-myocardial fibrosis effect and mechanism of SalB on Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac fibrosis in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS The proliferation and migration capacity of cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) were measured by MTT assay and scratch analysis, respectively. The colorimetric assay determined the hydroxyproline content in medium. Western blotting detected the protein expressions of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway-associated proteins, fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (Coll I), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The expression of α-SMA protein was observed by immunofluorescence staining. qRT-PCR detected the mRNA expression of NF-κB. RESULTS SalB attenuated Ang II-induced the proliferation and the migration ability of CFBs. Ang II-induced the extracellular matrix protein Coll I, FN, and α-SMA, the pro-fibrotic cytokine CTGF protein expression was inhibited, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit was reduced by SalB. Western blotting and qRT-PCR confirmed that SalB blocked the activation of NF-κB induced by Ang II. PDTC (the NF-κB inhibitor) also inhibited proliferation of CFBs and reduced α-SMA and Coll I expression induced by Ang II. CONCLUSIONS SalB can alleviate Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis via suppressing the NF-κB pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yini Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Churui Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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Liu H, Zhu R, Wang L, Liu C, Ma R, Qi B, Chen B, Li L, Guo Y, Shi S, Jia Q, Niu J, Zhao D, Mo F, Gao S, Zhang D. Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae
improves bone microstructure and strength through Wnt/β-catenin and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand/cathepsin K signaling in ovariectomized rats. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2487-2500. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Diabetes Research Center; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Lili Wang
- Diabetes Research Center; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- Chinese Materia Medica School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Materia Medica School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Diabetes Research Center; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- Guang'anmen Hospital; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Bowen Qi
- Chinese Materia Medica School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Lin Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Yubo Guo
- Diabetes Research Center; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Shepo Shi
- Chinese Materia Medica School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
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142
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Transcriptome Analyses from Mutant Salvia miltiorrhiza Reveals Important Roles for SmGASA4 during Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072088. [PMID: 30021961 PMCID: PMC6073587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) is an important Chinese herb that is derived from the perennial plant of Lamiaceae, which has been used to treat neurasthenic insomnia and cardiovascular disease. We produced a mutant S. miltiorrhiza (MT), from breeding experiments, that possessed a large taproot, reduced lateral roots, and defective flowering. We performed transcriptome profiling of wild type (WT) and MT S. miltiorrhiza using second-generation Illumina sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that could account for these phenotypical differences. Of the DEGs identified, we investigated the role of SmGASA4, the expression of which was down-regulated in MT plants. SmGASA4 was introduced into Arobidopsis and S. militiorrhiza under the control of a CaMV35S promoter to verify its influence on abiotic stress and S. miltiorrhiza secondary metabolism biosynthesis. SmGASA4 was found to promote flower and root development in Arobidopsis. SmGASA4 was also found to be positively regulated by Gibberellin (GA) and significantly enhanced plant resistance to salt, drought, and paclobutrazol (PBZ) stress. SmGASA4 also led to the up-regulation of the genes involved in salvianolic acid biosynthesis, but inhibited the expression of the genes involved in tanshinone biosynthesis. Taken together, our results reveal SmGASA4 as a promising candidate gene to promote S. miltiorrhiza development.
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Deng Y, Li C, Li H, Lu S. Identification and Characterization of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Enzyme Genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza (Lamiaceae). Molecules 2018; 23:E1467. [PMID: 29914175 PMCID: PMC6099592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of important secondary metabolites with a broad spectrum of pharmacological functions. Salviamiltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with a broad diversity of flavonoids. However, flavonoid biosynthetic enzyme genes have not been systematically and comprehensively analyzed in S.miltiorrhiza. Through genome-wide prediction and molecular cloning, twenty six flavonoid biosynthesis-related gene candidates were identified, of which twenty are novel. They belong to nine families potentially encoding chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavone synthase (FNS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H), flavonol synthase (FLS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), respectively. Analysis of intron/exon structures, features of deduced proteins and phylogenetic relationships revealed the conservation and divergence of S.miltiorrhiza flavonoid biosynthesis-related proteins and their homologs from other plant species. These genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns and differentially responded to MeJA treatment. Through comprehensive and systematic analysis, fourteen genes most likely to encode flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes were identified. The results provide valuable information for understanding the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Caili Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Heqin Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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144
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Liu X, Gao ZG, Wu Y, Stevens RC, Jacobson KA, Zhao S. Salvianolic acids from antithrombotic Traditional Chinese Medicine Danshen are antagonists of human P2Y 1 and P2Y 12 receptors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8084. [PMID: 29795391 PMCID: PMC5967328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many hemorheologic Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) that are widely-used clinically lack molecular mechanisms of action. We hypothesized that some of the active components of hemorheologic TCMs may function through targeting prothrombotic P2Y1 and/or P2Y12 receptors. The interactions between 253 antithrombotic compounds from TCM and these two G protein-coupled P2Y receptors were evaluated using virtual screening. Eleven highly ranked hits were further tested in radioligand binding and functional assays. Among these compounds, salvianolic acid A and C antagonized the activity of both P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors in the low µM range, while salvianolic acid B antagonized the P2Y12 receptor. These three salvianolic acids are the major active components of the broadly-used hemorheologic TCM Danshen (Salvia militorrhiza), the antithrombotic molecular mechanisms of which were largely unknown. Thus, the combination of virtual screening and experimental validation identified potential mechanisms of action of multicomponent drugs that are already employed clinically.
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MESH Headings
- Alkenes/chemistry
- Alkenes/isolation & purification
- Alkenes/pharmacology
- Benzofurans/chemistry
- Benzofurans/isolation & purification
- Benzofurans/pharmacology
- Caffeic Acids/chemistry
- Caffeic Acids/isolation & purification
- Caffeic Acids/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Fibrinolytic Agents/chemistry
- Fibrinolytic Agents/isolation & purification
- Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology
- Humans
- Lactates/chemistry
- Lactates/isolation & purification
- Lactates/pharmacology
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Structure
- Polyphenols/chemistry
- Polyphenols/isolation & purification
- Polyphenols/pharmacology
- Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists/chemistry
- Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists/isolation & purification
- Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1/chemistry
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1/drug effects
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12/chemistry
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12/drug effects
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12/metabolism
- Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 20031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | | | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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145
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Panwar P, Law S, Jamroz A, Azizi P, Zhang D, Ciufolini M, Brömme D. Tanshinones that selectively block the collagenase activity of cathepsin K provide a novel class of ectosteric antiresorptive agents for bone. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:902-923. [PMID: 29278432 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Attempts to generate active site-directed cathepsin K (CatK) inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis have failed because of side effects. We have previously shown that an ectosteric tanshinone CatK inhibitor isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza blocked, selectively, the collagenase activity of CatK, without affecting the active site and demonstrated its bone-preserving activity in vivo. Here, we have characterize the antiresorptive potential of other tanshinones, which may provide a scaffold for side effect-free CatK inhibitors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Thirty-one tanshinones were tested for their activity against CatK in enzymic and cell-based assays. The inhibitory potency against triple helical and fibrillar collagen degradation was determined in enzymic assays, by scanning electron microscopy and mechanical strength measurements. Human osteoclast assays were used to determine the effects of the inhibitors on bone resorption, its reversibility and osteoclastogenesis. Binding sites were characterized by molecular docking. KEY RESULTS Twelve compounds showed highly effective anti-collagenase activity and protected collagen against destruction and mechanical instability without inhibiting the hydrolysis of non-collagenous substrates. Six compounds were highly effective in osteoclast bone resorption assays with IC50 values of <500 nM. None of these tanshinones had effects on cell viability, reversibility of bone resorption inhibition and osteoclastogenesis. The core pharmacophore of the tanshinones appears to be the three-ring system with either a para- or ortho-quinone entity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study identified several potent ectosteric antiresorptive CatK inhibitors from the medicinal plant, S. miltiorrhiza, which may avoid side effects seen with active site-directed inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Panwar
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Jamroz
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pouya Azizi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Diabetes Research Centre, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Marco Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Panwar P, Xue L, Søe K, Srivastava K, Law S, Delaisse JM, Brömme D. An Ectosteric Inhibitor of Cathepsin K Inhibits Bone Resorption in Ovariectomized Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2415-2430. [PMID: 28745432 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potent cathepsin K (CatK) inhibitor, Tanshinone IIA sulfonic sodium (T06), was tested for its in vitro and in vivo antiresorptive activities. T06 binds in an ectosteric site of CatK remote from its active site and selectively inhibits collagen degradation with an IC50 value of 2.7 ± 0.2 μM (CatK:T06 molar ratio of 1:5). However, it does not suppress fluorogenic peptide cleavage and gelatinolysis at a 2500-fold molar excess. Contrary to active site-directed CatK inhibitors, such as odanacatib, T06 suppresses bone resorption in both human and mouse osteoclasts equally well (IC50 value for human and mouse osteoclasts: 237 ± 60 nM and 245 ± 55 nM, respectively) and its antiresorptive activity is fully reversible in both cell types. Moreover, T06 affects neither the metabolic activity of osteoclasts nor osteoclastogenesis. In in vivo studies, 40 mg T06/kg/d given to 12-week-old ovariectomized (OVX) mice for 3 months reduced plasma CTx-1 by 20% and increased osteoblast numbers and plasma P1NP by ∼28% when compared with the OVX control. μCT analysis of T06-treated OVX mice showed a 35% increase in bone mineral density and other femoral trabecular bone parameters when compared with OVX animals. T06 did not alter the number of osteoclasts, had no estrogenic effect on the uterus, did not change plasma estradiol levels, and did not inhibit fibroblast-mediated TGF-ß1 processing or degradation and cognitive functions in OVX mice. This study indicates that the ectosteric inhibitor, T06, is a selective antiresorptive CatK inhibitor that may overcome the shortcomings of side effect-prone active site-directed drugs, which all failed in clinical trials. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Panwar
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liming Xue
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Kamini Srivastava
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon Law
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Delaisse
- Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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