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Teratani T, Tomita K, Toma-Fukai S, Nakamura Y, Itoh T, Shimizu H, Shiraishi Y, Sugihara N, Higashiyama M, Shimizu T, Inoue I, Takenaka Y, Hokari R, Adachi T, Shimizu T, Miura S, Kanai T. Redox-dependent PPARγ/Tnpo1 complex formation enhances PPARγ nuclear localization and signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:45-56. [PMID: 32553752 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases including fatty liver. Although nuclear translocation of PPARγ plays an important role in PPARγ signaling, details of the translocation mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here we demonstrate that PPARγ2 translocates to the nucleus and activates signal transduction through H2O2-dependent formation of a PPARγ2 and transportin (Tnpo)1 complex via redox-sensitive disulfide bonds between cysteine (Cys)176 and Cys180 of the former and Cys512 of the latter. Using hepatocyte cultures and mouse models, we show that cytosolic H2O2/Tnpo1-dependent nuclear translocation enhances the amount of DNA-bound PPARγ and downstream signaling, leading to triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes and liver. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanism underlying the nuclear translocation of PPARγ, and suggest that the PPARγ and Tnpo1 complex and surrounding redox environment are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of PPARγ-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Toma-Fukai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Complex Molecular Systems Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hikaru Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasunaga Shiraishi
- Division of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Nao Sugihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Masaaki Higashiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ikuo Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takenaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, 350-0495, Japan; Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-25-16 Nezu, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Soichiro Miura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 1-24-1 Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabrés M, Abbate M, Montemayor S, Mascaró CM, Casares M, Tejada S, Abete I, Zulet MA, Tur JA, Martínez JA, Sureda A. Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E759. [PMID: 32824349 PMCID: PMC7463614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat accumulation, especially triglycerides, in hepatocytes. If the pathology is not properly treated, it can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and continue to fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current research was to identify the plasma biomarkers of liver damage, oxidative stress and inflammation that facilitate the early diagnosis of the disease and control its progression. METHODS Antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the plasma of patients diagnosed with NAFLD (n = 100 adults; 40-60 years old) living in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Patients were classified according to the intrahepatic fat content (IFC) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Circulating glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in patients with an IFC ≥ 2 of NAFLD in comparison to patients with an IFC of 0 and 1. The plasma levels of catalase, irisin, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and cytokeratin 18 were higher in stage ≥2 subjects, whereas the resolvin D1 levels were lower. No differences were observed in xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, protein carbonyl and fibroblast growth factor 21 depending on liver status. CONCLUSION The current available data show that the severity of NAFLD is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and proinflammatory status. It may be also useful as diagnostic purpose in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuela Abbate
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shen M, Jia P, Ji S, Wang T. Resveratrol Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Hepatic Steatosis and Injury in Mice Challenged with Tunicamycin. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000105. [PMID: 32529694 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is widely recognized as a critical factor linked to lipid metabolic disorders in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, its pathogenesis remains elusive, and therapeutic options are limited. This study investigates the potential of resveratrol (RSV) to alleviate hepatic steatosis and injury in a tunicamycin (TM)-induced murine ER stress model and provides detailed evidence. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were orally administered either RSV or vehicle for 2 weeks before the TM challenge. Results indicated that TM induced ER morphological damage and severe unfolded protein reaction (UPR), accompanied by increases in lipid accumulation, oxidative damage, and inflammatory response. Administering RSV decreased the expression of ER stress markers, partially normalized the active levels of UPR sensors, and facilitated sirtuin 1 activity in the liver under ER stress. Notably, the TM-induced hepatic steatosis was also alleviated by RSV, possibly by regulating the expression pattern of genes involving lipid oxidation and delivery. Consistently, RSV attenuated the TM-induced increases in lipid peroxidation, hepatocyte apoptosis, and the overactivation of inflammatory signals. CONCLUSION RSV may have an auxiliary therapeutic potential to prevent the development of steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis in the liver by alleviating severe ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Peilu Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
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Hu N, Liu J, Xue X, Li Y. The effect of emodin on liver disease -- comprehensive advances in molecular mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173269. [PMID: 32553811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury could be caused by a variety of causes, including alcohol, drug poisoning, autoimmune overreaction, etc. In the period of liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) will be activated and produce excessive extracellular matrix (ECM). If injury cannot be suppressed, liver injury will develop into fibrosis, even cirrhosis and liver cancer. It is reported that some monomer components extracted from traditional Chinese medicine have better effects on protecting liver. Emodin, an anthraquinone compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine RHEI RADIX ET RHIZOMA, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, liver protection and anti-cancer effects, and can prevent liver injury induced by a variety of factors. By searching literatures related to the liver protection of emodin in PUBMED, SINOMED, EBM and CNKI databases, it was found that emodin could inhibit the production and promote the secretion of bile acids, and have a protective effect on intrahepatic cholestasis. Also, emodin reduce collagen synthesis and anti-hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative stress, TGF-β/Smad pathway and HSCs proliferation, and promoting apoptosis of HSCs. Emodin can also regulate lipid metabolism and regulate the synthesis and oxidation of lipids and cholesterol to protect the nonalcoholic fatty liver. Besides, emodin can induce the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by acting on the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, thus inhibiting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, emodin can modulate immunity and improve immune rejection in liver transplantation animals. In conclusion, emodin has a good effect on liver protection, but further experimental data are needed to verify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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105
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Molecular mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and potential treatment strategies. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104984. [PMID: 32502637 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population is estimated at 25 %, and there is currently no effective treatment of NAFLD. Although insulin resistance (IR) is not the only factor causing the pathogenesis of NAFLD, hepatic IR has a cause-effective relationship with NAFLD. Improving hepatic IR is a potential therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of hepatic IR in the development of NAFLD. Available data on potential drugs including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ/α/δ) agonists, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, etc. are carefully discussed.
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Tsai CC, Chen YJ, Yu HR, Huang LT, Tain YL, Lin IC, Sheen JM, Wang PW, Tiao MM. Long term N-acetylcysteine administration rescues liver steatosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress with unfolded protein response in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:105. [PMID: 32450865 PMCID: PMC7249367 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fat accumulation in the liver contributes to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant, acting both directly and indirectly via upregulation of cellular antioxidants. We examined the mechanisms of liver steatosis after 12 months high fat (HF) diet and tested the ability of NAC to rescue liver steatosis. Methods Seven-week-old C57BL/6 (B6) male mice were administered HF diet for 12 months (HF group). Two other groups received HF diet for 12 months accompanied by NAC for 12 months (HFD + NAC(1–12)) or 6 months (HFD + NAC(1–6)). The control group was fed regular diet for 12 months (CD group). Results Liver steatosis was more pronounced in the HF group than in the CD group after 12 month feeding. NAC intake for 6 or 12 months decreased liver steatosis in comparison with HF diet (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NAC treatment also reduced cellular apoptosis and caspase-3 expression. In the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, the expression of ECHS1, HSP60, and HSP70 was decreased in the HFD group (p < 0.05) and rescued by NAC therapy. With regards to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Phospho-PERK (p-PERK) and ATF4 expression was decreased in the HF group, and only the HFD + NAC(1–12), but not HFD + NAC(1–6) group, showed significant improvement. Conclusion HF diet for 12 months induces significant liver steatosis via altered ER stress and UPR pathway activity, as well as liver apoptosis. NAC treatment rescues the liver steatosis and apoptosis induced by HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Chen Z, Tian R, She Z, Cai J, Li H. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:116-141. [PMID: 32156524 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with the presence of oxidative stress. Disturbances in lipid metabolism lead to hepatic lipid accumulation, which affects different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and NADPH oxidase. Mitochondrial function adapts to NAFLD mainly through the downregulation of the electron transport chain (ETC) and the preserved or enhanced capacity of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, which stimulates ROS overproduction within different ETC components upstream of cytochrome c oxidase. However, non-ETC sources of ROS, in particular, fatty acid β-oxidation, appear to produce more ROS in hepatic metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase alterations are also associated with NAFLD, but the degree of their contribution to oxidative stress in NAFLD remains unclear. Increased ROS generation induces changes in insulin sensitivity and in the expression and activity of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, the interaction between redox signaling and innate immune signaling forms a complex network that regulates inflammatory responses. Based on the mechanistic view described above, this review summarizes the mechanisms that may account for the excessive production of ROS, the potential mechanistic roles of ROS that drive NAFLD progression, and therapeutic interventions that are related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhigang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Sohouli M, Fatahi S. Associations between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Adults: A Case-Control Study. NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/nfsr.7.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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109
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Yan K, Wang X, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Liu M, Zhu H, Gong F. Safflower Yellow and Its Main Component HSYA Alleviate Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: Possible Involvement of the Increased Antioxidant Enzymes in Liver and Adipose Tissue. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:482. [PMID: 32372961 PMCID: PMC7186386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated disorders. Safflower yellow (SY) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the natural compounds isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L., has been found to possess antioxidative and anti-obesity properties. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether SY and its main component HSYA alleviate obesity by the antioxidant effects. Methods Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were treated with 200 mg/kg/d SY or HSYA for 10 weeks. Body weight, fat mass, serum biochemical parameters and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. The expression of antioxidant enzymes in liver and adipose tissue were measured. In vitro, H2O2-induced oxidative stress HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with SY and HSYA to investigate the direct effects of SY and HSYA on the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Results SY and HSYA significantly decreased the body weight gain of DIO mice, and decreased fat mass to 57.8% and 61.6% of the control mice, respectively (P < 0.05). The parameters of glucose metabolism and liver function were improved after SY and HSYA treatment. The hepatic SOD activities and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in liver and adipose tissue of SY and HSYA treated mice were increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the administration of SY and HSYA on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress HepG2 cells and adipocytes also increased the expression of the antioxidant factor and antioxidant enzymes to 1.2~3.3 folds of the control cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion SY and its main component HSYA could significantly decrease the fat mass, and improve glucose metabolism and liver function in diet-induced obese mice. The beneficial effects of SY and HSYA on obesity and metabolism may be associated with the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes in liver and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yang Y, Zhao Y, Li W, Wu Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu T, Ye T, Xie Y, Cheng Z, He J, Bai P, Zhang Y, Ouyang L. Emerging targets and potential therapeutic agents in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 197:112311. [PMID: 32339855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, which is characterized by liver fat accumulation unrelated to excessive drinking. Indeed, it attracts growing attention and becomes a global health problem. Due to the complexity of the NAFLD pathogenic mechanism, no related drugs were approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) till now. However, it is encouraging that a series of candidate drugs have entered the clinical trial stage with expectation to treat NAFLD. In this review, we summarized the main pathways and pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD, as well as introduced the main potential therapeutic targets and the corresponding compounds involved in metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, we also discuss the progress of these compounds, such as drug design and optimization, the choice of pharmacological properties and druglikeness, and the analysis of structure-activity relationship. This review offers a medium on future drug design and development, to be beneficial to relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuyao Wu
- West China School of Public Health/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD as a driver of chronic kidney disease. J Hepatol 2020; 72:785-801. [PMID: 32059982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are worldwide public health problems, affecting up to 25-30% (NAFLD), and up to 10-15% (CKD) of the general population. Recently, it has also been established that there is a strong association between NAFLD and CKD, regardless of the presence of potential confounding diseases such as obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Since NAFLD and CKD are both common diseases that often occur alongside other metabolic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome, elucidating the relative impact of NAFLD on the risk of incident CKD presents a substantial challenge for investigators working in this research field. A growing body of epidemiological evidence suggests that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for CKD and recent evidence also suggests that associated factors such as metabolic syndrome, dysbiosis, unhealthy diets, platelet activation and processes associated with ageing could also contribute mechanisms linking NAFLD and CKD. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature on: a) the evidence for an association and causal link between NAFLD and CKD and b) the underlying mechanisms by which NAFLD (and factors strongly linked with NAFLD) may increase the risk of developing CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Wu K, Zhao T, Hogstrand C, Xu YC, Ling SC, Chen GH, Luo Z. FXR-mediated inhibition of autophagy contributes to FA-induced TG accumulation and accordingly reduces FA-induced lipotoxicity. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:47. [PMID: 32192487 PMCID: PMC7082988 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive dietary fat intake induces lipid deposition and contributes to the progress of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. METHODS Yellow catfish were given two experimental diets with dietary lipid levels of 11.3 and 15.4%, respectively, for 56 days, and the contents of triglyceride (TG), nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and bile acid (BA), RNA-seq, enzymatic activities and mRNA expression were deteremined in the liver tissues. Hepatocytes from yellow catfish liver tissues were isolated and cultured. Fatty acids (FA) (palmitic acid: OA, oleic acid =1:1), pathway inhibitors (MA, autophagy inhibitor; guggulsterone, FXR inhibitor) and agonist (rapamyicn, autophagy agonist; GW4064, FXR agonist) were used to incubate the cells. TG and NEFA contents, ultrastructural observation, autophagic vesicles and intracellular LD,apoptosis,western blot and Co-IP, and Immunofluorescence analysis, enzymatic activities and Q-PCR were decided. RESULTS Using RNA sequencing, we found that high fat diets induced changes in expression of many genes associated with the pathways of lipid metabolism and autophagy. The mRNA profiles of the differentially expressed genes (DEG) indicated that high dietary fat-induced lipid deposition was predominantly influenced by the inhibition of autophagy. Using primary hepatocytes, we found that fatty acids (FA) suppressed autophagy, which in turn reduced cellular free FA level by decreasing triglyceride (TG) breakdown. Moreover, our study indicated that farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) axis was the pivotal physiological switch regulating FA-induced changes of autophagy and lipid metabolism, which represented cellular defenses against FA-induced lipotoxicity. CONCLUSION This discovery may provide new targets for treating pathological changes involved in the dysfunction of autophagy and metabolism, including NAFLD. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Ling
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Ding HR, Tang ZT, Tang N, Zhu ZY, Liu HY, Pan CY, Hu AY, Lin YZ, Gou P, Yuan XW, Cai JH, Dong CL, Wang JL, Ren HZ. Protective Properties of FOXO1 Inhibition in a Murine Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Are Associated With Attenuation of ER Stress and Necroptosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:177. [PMID: 32218743 PMCID: PMC7078343 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is currently unclear, however, lipid accumulation leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress appears to be pivotal in the process. At present, FOXO1 is known to be involved in NAFLD progression. The relationship between necroptosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has been of great research interest more recently. However, whether FOXO1 regulates ER stress and necroptosis in mice fed with a high fat diet is not clear. Therefore, in this study we analyzed the relationship between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, ER stress, and necroptosis. Main Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with an HFD for 14 weeks to induce non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. ER stress and activation of necroptosis in AML12 cells were evaluated after inhibition of FOXO1 in AML12 cells. In addition, mice were fed with AS1842856 for 14 weeks. Liver function and lipid accumulation were measured, and further, ER stress and necroptosis were evaluated by Western Blot and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Key Findings Mice fed with a high fat diet showed high levels of FOXO1, accompanying activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and necroptosis. Further, sustained PA stimulation caused ER stress and necroptosis in AML12 cells. At the same time, protein levels of FOXO1 increased significantly. Inhibition of FOXO1 with AS1842856 alleviated ER stress and necroptosis. Additionally, treatment of mice with a FOXO1 inhibitor ameliorated liver function after they were fed with a high fat diet, displaying better liver condition and lighter necroptosis. Significance Inhibition of FOXO1 attenuates ER stress and necroptosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Ting Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Han-Yi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Yan Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - An-Yin Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Zhen Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Gou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian-Wen Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Hui Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Long Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Zhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Xiong Y, Yin Q, Li J, He S. Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Are Involved in the Protective Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid Against Heat Damage in Chicken Testes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030384. [PMID: 32120945 PMCID: PMC7142828 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In male animals, heat stress causes injury to the testes, resulting in an increase in the number of deformed sperm, a reduction in testosterone production, and consequently, reduced reproductive performance. As an important antioxidant, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has been reported to have a protective effect against testicular injury caused by various pathological factors. However, few studies have focused on the role of ALA in heat-induced testicular lesions. In this study, the effects of ALA on histopathological parameters, the activity of key antioxidant enzymes involved in oxidative stress, biomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in the testicular tissue, and testosterone levels in serum were evaluated in heat-stressed chickens. The results showed that ALA significantly alleviated heat stress-induced adverse effects by affecting the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptotic modulators, and the protein levels of steroidogenic genes in the testes of chickens exposed to heat stress. These results suggest that in chickens, ALA may be beneficial for ameliorating decreased reproductive performance caused by heat stress and this study provides the basis for the design of novel therapies for heat-induced testicular damage. Abstract Heat stress (HS) causes testicular injury, resulting in decreased fertility. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a well-known antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ALA on HS-induced testicular damage in chickens. Histological changes; biomarkers of oxidative stress, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA); markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP); apoptosis-related modulators, including Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3, in testicular tissue and serum testosterone levels were evaluated in chickens under heat stress. Heat stress induces spermatogenic cell abnormalities in chicken testes. Compared to the HS group, the histomorphological abnormalities in testicular tissue were visibly ameliorated, with significant increases in the enzyme activities of GPx, SOD, and CAT, increased serum testosterone concentration, and decreased MDA levels in the ALA + HS group. Consistent with these results, compared with the HS group, the protein levels of GRP78, CHOP, caspase 3, and Bax were significantly decreased, whereas Bcl-2, StAR, and 3β-HSD protein levels were increased in the ALA + HS group. Collectively, these findings suggest that ALA significantly ameliorates the heat-induced histomorphological abnormalities in the testes and decreased testosterone production by potentiating the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes (GPx, SOD, and CAT), inhibiting ER stress-related apoptotic pathways (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3), and increasing steroidogenic gene (StAR and 3β-HSD) expression in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of the Quality and Safety Control for Pork of the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Qirun Yin
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of the Quality and Safety Control for Pork of the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of the Quality and Safety Control for Pork of the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Shaojun He
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (Y.X.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of the Quality and Safety Control for Pork of the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-550-6732-040; Fax: +86-550-6732-040
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Dai G, Tan Y, Liu J, Yuan B, Song Q, Liu J, He S. The significance of IL-28B and CK-18 M30 levels in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in SD rats. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152901. [PMID: 32143904 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of IL-28B and CK-18 M30 in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats. METHODS The rat NASH model was constructed by high-fat diet feeding and confirmed by liver tissue pathology analysis. The CK-18 M30, IL-28B, liver function and blood lipid were detected. The pathology of liver tissues was observed by H&E staining. The ROC curves of liver pathological scores, IL-28B, and CK-18 M30 were plotted and the sensitivity/specificity of each index was calculated. RESULTS The liver tissue pathology at the end of the 12th week met NASH diagnostic criteria. The liver pathological scores of NASH model were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the body weight of rats in the NASH group was lower (P < 0.05) and the liver index was higher (P < 0.05). Moreover, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and CK-18 M30 in the NASH group were higher (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with liver pathological scores (P < 0.05), but IL-28B in serum and liver tissue was lower (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with liver pathological scores (P < 0.05). According to the ROC curves, the sensitivity/specificity of each index was shown as following: liver pathological scores (1.000/1.000), IL-28B of liver tissue (1.000/0.857), serum CK-18 M30 plus IL-28B (0.857/1.000), serum IL-28B (0.857/0.857) and serum CK-18 M30 (1.000/0.857). CONCLUSIONS IL-28B level is related to the pathological changes of livers in SD rats during the development of NASH. The combination of serum CK-18 M30 level and serum IL-28B level may be a promising non-invasive detection method for the diagnosis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Jiaotong University First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, 716000, PR China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, 716000, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, 716000, PR China
| | - Beibei Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, 716000, PR China
| | - Qinglian Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, 716000, PR China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Jiaotong University First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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Suppression of IRE1 α Attenuated the Fatty Degeneration in Parenteral Nutrition-Related Liver Disease (PNALD) Cell Model. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:7517540. [PMID: 32089676 PMCID: PMC7023833 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7517540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To model the parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) in rat normal hepatocytes BRL and investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress- (ERS-) related IRE1α signal in the process of PNALD. Methods The BRL cells were treated with different concentrations of soybean oil emulsion (SO) to induce hepatocyte fatty degeneration. The PNALD cell disease model was further confirmed by analysis of Oil Red O staining and biochemical parameters. Next, the IRE1α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. Results The results of Oil Red O staining indicated that the PNALD was successfully established in BRL cells and the CCK-8 data indicated which 0.6% that SO was further applied to the experiment owing to its better induction of PNALD and less toxicity to the cells. Besides, the value of biochemical parameters (TBIL, DBIL, ALT, and AST) was also elevated in the SO group compared with the NG group. After knockdown of IRE1α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. Conclusion IRE1α was induced in PNALD cell model and suppression of IRE1α resulted in reduced steatosis in this cell disease model. Taken together, our data suggested that the IRE1α pathway may be involved in the development of PNALD.α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD.
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Lee DH, Park SH, Huh YH, Jung Kim M, Seo HD, Ha TY, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Jung CH. Iridoids of Valeriana fauriei contribute to alleviating hepatic steatosis in obese mice by lipophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109950. [PMID: 32058217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common risk factor for metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of future cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. Recently, autophagy has been proposed as a means to prevent NAFLD. We investigated whether substances with autophagy-inducing activity alleviate NAFLD. The Valeriana fauriei (V. fauriei) was selected as a potential autophagy inducer among various natural materials using a Cyto-ID autophagy detection kit. V. fauriei 70 % ethanol extract (VFE) increased LC3II levels in the presence of the lysosomal inhibitor and reduced the GFP/mCherry puncta ratio, suggesting that VFE enhanced autophagy. VFE reduced oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid accumulation and increased the number of autophagosome in hepatocytes. Autophagy induction by VFE is due to inhibition of mTORC1 activity. VFE supplementation reduced fatty liver by downregulating lipogenesis-related genes and increased the autophagy, as revealed by TEM and IHC analysis in the fatty liver. We identified iridoids as main compounds of VFE; didrovaltrate (DI), valeriotriate B (VAL B), valeriotetrate C (VAL C), valtrate (VAL), and valechlorine (VC) were shown to enhance autophagy. These compounds also reduced OA-induced lipid accumulation in an Atg5-dependent manner. Taken together, VFE and its iridoids might be effective in alleviating fatty liver by acting as autophagy enhancers to break down LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Yang W, Liu R, Xia C, Chen Y, Dong Z, Huang B, Li R, Li M, Xu C. Effects of different fatty acids on BRL3A rat liver cell damage. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6246-6256. [PMID: 32012270 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of fatty acids on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and lipid damage. We treated BRL3A rat liver cells with, linoleic (LA), linolenic, oleic (OA), palmitic (PA), palmitoleic (POA), or stearic (SA) acid for 12 hr. The characteristics of cell lipid deposition, oxidative stress indexes, ER stress markers, nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), lipid synthesis and transport regulators, and cholesterol metabolism regulators were analyzed. Endoplasmic chaperones like glucose-regulated protein 78, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein, NF-κB p65, hydrogen peroxide, and malonaldehyde in PA- and SA-treated cells were significantly higher than in other treated cells. Deposition of fatty acids especially LA and POA were significantly increased than in other treated cells. De novo lipogenesis regulators sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1) expression were significantly increased in all fatty acid stimulation groups, and PA- and SA-treated cells showed lower p-ACC1 expression and higher scd1 expression than other fatty acid groups. Very low-density lipoprotein synthesis and apolipoprotein B100 expression in free fatty acids treated cells were significantly lower than control. PA, SA, OA, and POA had shown significantly increased cholesterol synthesis than other treated cells. PA and SA showed the lower synthesis of cytochrome P7A1 and total bile acids than other fatty acids treated cells. Excess of saturated fatty acids led to severe ER and oxidative stress. Excess unsaturated fatty acids led to increased lipid deposition in cultured hepatocytes. A balanced fatty acid intake is needed to maintain lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Runqi Liu
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cheng Xia
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Baoyin Huang
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ruirui Li
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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119
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Wang W, Wang C, Xu H, Gao Y. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Liver Disease and Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:921-934. [PMID: 32140062 PMCID: PMC7053332 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.42300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the key enzyme responsible for metabolism of the alcohol metabolite acetaldehyde in the liver. In addition to conversion of the acetaldehyde molecule, ALDH is also involved in other cellular functions. Recently, many studies have investigated the involvement of ALDH expression in viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. Notably, ALDH2 expression has been linked with liver cancer risk, as well as pathogenesis and prognosis, and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Of note, approximately 8% of the world's population, and approximately 30-40% of the population in East Asia carry an inactive ALDH2 gene. This review summarizes new progress in understanding tissue-specific acetaldehyde metabolism by ALDH2 as well as the association of ALDH2 gene polymorphisms with liver disease and cancer. New research directions emerging in the field are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Hongxin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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120
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Oliveira LS, Caetano B, Miranda RA, Souza AFP, Cordeiro A, Woyames J, Andrade CBV, Atella GC, Takiya CM, Fortunato RS, Trevenzoli IH, Souza LL, Pazos-Moura CC. Differentiated Hepatic Response to Fructose Intake during Adolescence Reveals the Increased Susceptibility to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease of Maternal High-Fat Diet Male Rat Offspring. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900838. [PMID: 31916388 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among adolescents has been related to fructose intake. Additionally, maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) increases the offspring susceptibility to NAFLD at adulthood. Here, it is hypothesized that mHFD may exacerbate the fructose impact in adolescent male rat offspring, by changing the response of contributing mechanisms to liver injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Female Wistar rats receive standard (mSTD: 9% fat) or high-fat diet (mHFD: 29% fat) prior mating throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring receive standard chow and, from the 25th to 45th day, receive water or fructose-drinking water (15%). At 46 days old, fructose groups show increased adiposity, increased serum and hepatic triglycerides, regardless of maternal diet. Fructose aggravates the hepatic imbalance of redox state already exhibited by mHFD offspring. The hepatic activation of cellular repair pathways by fructose, such as unfolded protein response and macroautophagy, is disrupted only in mHFD offspring. Fructose does not change the liver morphology of mSTD offspring. However, it intensifies the liver injury already present in mHFD offspring. CONCLUSION Fructose intake during adolescence accelerates the emergence of NAFLD observed previously at the adult life of mHFD offspring, and reveals a differentiated hepatic response to metabolic insult, depending on the maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine S Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caetano
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosiane A Miranda
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline F P Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Cordeiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Woyames
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cherley B V Andrade
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina M Takiya
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis H Trevenzoli
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana L Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and comprises one of the largest health threats of the twenty-first century. In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge of NAFLD and underline the striking similarities with atherosclerosis. We first describe current epidemiological data showing the staggering increase of NAFLD numbers and its related clinical and economic costs. We then provide an overview of pathophysiological hepatic processes in NAFLD and highlight the systemic aspects of NAFLD that point toward metabolic crosstalk between organs as an important cause of metabolic disease. Finally, we end by highlighting the currently investigated therapeutic approaches for NAFLD, which also show strong similarities with a range of treatment options for atherosclerosis.
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Tong H, Zhang X, Tan L, Jin R, Huang S, Li X. Multitarget and promising role of dihydromyricetin in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 870:172888. [PMID: 31866404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DMY or DHM), also known as ampelopsin, is the main natural flavonol compound extracted from the plant Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand. -Mazz) W.T. Wang. In recent years, accumulating studies have been conducted to explore the extensive biological functions of DMY, including antitumor, anti-inflammation, organ-protective, and metabolic regulation effects. DMY acts as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent in treating multiple diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and osteoporosis. This review article summarizes the preventive and therapeutic potential of DMY in multiple metabolic diseases and the main signaling pathways in which DMY participates to offer a comprehensive understanding and guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, China.
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang, No. 4 Hudi Street, Yichang, Hubei Province, 443000, China.
| | - Lingfang Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, China.
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, China.
| | - Shilong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, China.
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Plant Sterol Ester of α-Linolenic Acid Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Rescuing the Adaption to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Enhancing Mitochondrial Biogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8294141. [PMID: 33273997 PMCID: PMC7695996 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8294141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more common in the world and is presenting a great challenge concerning prevention and treatment. Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid (PS-ALA) has a potential benefit to NAFLD. To examine the effect of PS-ALA on NAFLD, C57BL/6J mice were given a control diet, high fat and high cholesterol diet (HFD), and HFD plus 2% PS, 1.3% ALA, or 3.3% PS-ALA for 16 weeks. Our results showed that PS-ALA treatment suppressed hepatic steatosis, ameliorated lipid disorder, attenuated inflammatory response, and inhibited oxidative stress. In the molecular level, PS-ALA downregulated high transcriptional and translational levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (Grp78 and Chop) leading to decreased protein expression of transcription factor and key enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis (Srebp-1c and Fas) and cholesterol synthesis (Srebp-2 and Hmgcr). In parallel, PS-ALA blocked Nlrp3 activation and reduced release of IL-1β and IL-18 via inhibiting ER stress-induced sensitization of unfolded protein response sensors (Ire1α and Xbp1s). Finally, PS-ALA improved HFD-induced mitochondrial damage and fatty acid accumulation as exhibited by higher protein and mRNA expression of key genes administering mitochondrial biogenesis (Pgc-1α, Nrf1, and Tfam) and fatty acid β-oxidation (Pparα and Cpt1a). In conclusion, our study originally demonstrated that PS-ALA rescued ER stress, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and thus ameliorated NAFLD.
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Levchenko SM, Kuzmin AN, Pliss A, Ohulchanskyy TY, Prasad PN, Qu J. Cellular transformations in near-infrared light-induced apoptosis in cancer cells revealed by label-free CARS imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900179. [PMID: 31339662 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves light to activate cellular signaling pathways leading to cell proliferation or death. In this work, fluorescence and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) imaging techniques were applied to assess apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) induced by near infrared (NIR) laser light (808 nm). Using the Caspase 3/7 fluorescent probe to identify apoptotic cells, we found that the pro-apoptotic effect is significantly dependent of irradiation dose. The highest apoptosis rate was noted for the lower irradiation doses, that is, 0.3 J/cm2 (~58%) and 3 J/cm2 (~28%). The impact of light doses on proteins/lipids intracellular metabolism and distribution was evaluated using CARS imaging, which revealed apoptosis-associated reorganization of nuclear proteins and cytoplasmic lipids after irradiation with 0.3 J/cm2 . Doses of NIR light causing apoptosis (0.3, 3 and 30 J/cm2 ) induced a gradual increase in the nuclear protein level over time, in contrast to proteins in cells non-irradiated and irradiated with 10 J/cm2 . Furthermore, irradiation of the cells with the 0.3 J/cm2 dose resulted in lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation, which was apparently caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We suggest that PBM induced apoptosis could be caused by the ability of NIR light to trigger excessive LDs formation which, in turn, induces cellular cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana M Levchenko
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Andrey N Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
- Advanced Cytometry Instrumentation Systems, LLC, Buffalo, New York
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
- Advanced Cytometry Instrumentation Systems, LLC, Buffalo, New York
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Petito-da-Silva TI, Souza-Mello V, Barbosa-da-Silva S. Empaglifozin mitigates NAFLD in high-fat-fed mice by alleviating insulin resistance, lipogenesis and ER stress. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110539. [PMID: 31419466 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the pleiotropic effects of empagliflozin in the liver through lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. METHODS Male C57Bl/6 mice, 3 months of age, received a control diet (C, 10% lipids, n = 20) or high-fat diet (HF, 50% lipids, n = 20) for 10 weeks, after that, the groups were subdivided to receive empagliflozin, during 5 weeks at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day added to the diets, totalizing four groups: C, C-EMPA, HF, and HF-EMPA. We performed biochemical analyzes, oral glucose tolerance test, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), indirect calorimetry, liver stereology, western blotting, RT-qPCR for genes related to beta-oxidation, lipogenesis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. RESULTS After the treatment with empagliflozin, there was a 4% increase in energy expenditure, a 5% reduction in body mass, improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. The expression of Ppar alpha was greater in the HF-EMPA group with a concomitant reduction in the expression of the lipogenic genes Fas, Srebp1c and Ppar gamma, according to protein expression. In addition, HF-EMPA showed a reduction in the genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress Chop, Atf4, and Gadd45. CONCLUSION Empagliflozin mitigates the development of NAFLD, confirmed through reduced expression of the genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, empagliflozin may be an important tool to treat the progression of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Ingrid Petito-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Duvigneau JC, Luís A, Gorman AM, Samali A, Kaltenecker D, Moriggl R, Kozlov AV. Crosstalk between inflammatory mediators and endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver diseases. Cytokine 2019; 124:154577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Physical exercise and liver "fitness": Role of mitochondrial function and epigenetics-related mechanisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2019; 32:1-14. [PMID: 32029220 PMCID: PMC6931125 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern lifestyles, especially high-caloric intake and physical inactivity, contribute to the increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which becomes a significant health problem worldwide. Lifestyle changes, however, affect not only parental generation, but also their offspring, reinforcing the need for efficient preventive approaches to deal with this disease. This transgenerational influence of phenotypes dependent on parents (particularly maternal) behaviours may open additional research avenues. Despite persistent attempts to design an effective pharmacological therapy against NAFLD, physical activity, as a non-pharmacological approach, emerges as an exciting strategy. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we briefly review the effect of physical exercise on liver mitochondria adaptations in NAFLD, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial metabolism and transgenerational and epigenetic mechanisms in liver diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A deeper look into cellular mechanisms sheds a light on possible effects of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD through modulation of function and structure of particular organelles, namely mitochondria. Additionally, despite of increasing evidence regarding the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of different diseases, the role of microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modification in NAFLD pathogenesis still needs to be elucidated.
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Tian X, Yan F, Zheng J, Cui X, Feng L, Li S, Jin L, James TD, Ma X. Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Carboxylesterase 2 Detection in Drug-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15840-15845. [PMID: 31713417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase 2 (CES2), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) located phase I enzyme, plays a vital role in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous substances, and is regarded as an important target for the design of prodrugs. Unfortunately, superior highly selective ER targeting fluorescent probes for monitoring of CES2 are not currently available. Herein, we report an ER targeting CES2 selective and sensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe ERNB based on the ER localizing group p-toluenesulfonamide. ERNB possessed high specificity, sensitivity, and exhibited excellent subcellular localization when compared to commercial ER tracker, and was used to image CES2 in the ER of living cells. Additionally, using ERNB we evaluated the CES2 regulation under d,l-dithiothreitol and tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Furthermore, we determined the down regulation of CES2 activity and expression in the acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury model. On the basis of these results, we conclude that ERNB is a promising tool for highlighting the role of CES2 in the ER and in exploring the role of CES2 in the development of diseases associated with ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangge Tian
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Fei Yan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221004 , China
| | - Jingyuan Zheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Lei Feng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Sheng Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Lingling Jin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221004 , China
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Park S, Cho SM, Jin BR, Yang HJ, Yi QJ. Mixture of blackberry leaf and fruit extracts alleviates non-alcoholic steatosis, enhances intestinal integrity, and increases Lactobacillus and Akkermansia in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1629-1641. [PMID: 31752528 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219889319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that a mixture of blackberry fruit and leaf extracts may alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Rats with diet-induced NAFLD were used to test the hypothesis and explore possible mechanisms. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were orally administered diets 51% of energy from fat and 450 mg dextrin/kg bw (NAFLD-control), 50% ethanol blackberry leaf extract (450 mg/kg bw; BL), 50% ethanol blackberry fruit extract (450 mg/kg bw; BF), the mixture of blackberry leaf and fruit extracts (2:1; 150 mg/kg bw; BLF), and milk thistle extracts (150 mg/kg bw; positive-control) for 12 weeks. Normal-control rats were fed low-fat diets with 450 mg dextrin/kg bw (20 En% fat diet) Body weight, visceral fat mass, liver triglycerides, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid, and insulin resistance were all elevated in rats in the NAFLD-control group compared to the normal-controls. Rats in the NAFLD-control group exhibited liver damage accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation compared to the rats in the normal-control group. BL and BLF protected the NAFLD rats against the triglyceride and lipid peroxide accumulation, improved insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia, and increased the antioxidant enzymes, SOD, and GSH-Px, to levels similar to the normal-control group. Further, BL and BLF ameliorated inflammation and hepatocyte damage compared to the NAFLD-controls, and they suppressed mRNA expressions of genes involved in triglyceride synthesis (FAS and SREBP-1c). BLF also modulated the gut microbiota by elevating Lactobacillus and Akkermansia in the feces from the cecum compared to the NAFLD-control group. The integrity of intestinal tissues was improved, and the number of goblet cells was elevated by BLF. In conclusion, BL and BLF prevented high-fat diet-induced liver damage by protecting against oxidation and inflammation-induced injury. BLF (human equivalent 1.3 g/day) might, therefore, be used as a therapeutic agent for NAFLD. Impact statement NAFLD is a diet-related metabolic disease with no good drug treatments. Therefore, dietary interventions are needed to alleviate NAFLD. This paper demonstrated that feeding a blackberry leaf and fruit mixture extract can alleviate diet-induced NAFLD in rats. Specifically, the blackberry extract, rich in flavonoids and anthocyanins decreased hepatic triglycerides and lipid peroxides, increased genes related to beta oxidation, decreased those involved fatty acid biosynthesis, alleviated oxidative stress, and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The blackberry extract also alleviated gut dysbiosis that was associated with NAFLD by increasing the amount of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia in the feces. This research demonstrated that the extract of a common and inexpensive fruit can help alleviate NAFLD and associated intestinal dysbiosis at a dose equivalent to 1.3 g/day in humans. If this work can be duplicated in humans, it would provide a safe and inexpensive intervention to help alleviate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Song Mi Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Jin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo 55365, Korea
| | - Qiu Jing Yi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
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Liu Y, Wang M, Xu W, Zhang H, Qian W, Li X, Cheng X. Active vitamin D supplementation alleviates initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by repressing the p53 pathway. Life Sci 2019; 241:117086. [PMID: 31756344 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent studies have found vitamin D deficiency promotes fat deposition into the hepatocytes, thus contributing to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of vitamin D on NAFLD with the involvement of the p53 pathway. METHODS Initially, an in vivo high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mouse model was established. Then the HFD-induced NAFLD mice were treated with vitamin D. Next, the serum levels of TNF-α, GSH-px and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed using ELISA and ROS content was evaluated by flow cytometry, followed by the measurement of expression of Duox1, Duox2, SOD1, SOD2, PRDX1 I, ACC, SREBP1c, MTTP, PPARα, p53, p21 and p16 using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Positive expression of FAS and FASL proteins was measured using immunohistochemistry. TUNEL and Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining were subsequently conducted to assess the senescence and apoptosis of hepatocytes. RESULTS HFD-induced mice treated with vitamin D presented with significantly increased GSH-px levels, as well as protein expression of SOD1, SOD2, PRDX1, MTTP and PPARα, but decreased MDA and ROS levels, expression of Duox1, Duox2, ACC, SREBP1c, p53, p21 and p16, positive expression of FAS and FASL proteins as well as impaired senescence and apoptosis of hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Active vitamin D supplementation could potentially impede hepatocyte senescence and apoptosis via suppression of the p53 pathway, thus preventing the progression of NAFLD. Our study provides available evidence on the potential clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, PR China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an 223400, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Applied Technology College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215325, PR China
| | - Hongman Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, PR China
| | - Weihe Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, PR China.
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
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Klieser E, Mayr C, Kiesslich T, Wissniowski T, Fazio PD, Neureiter D, Ocker M. The Crosstalk of miRNA and Oxidative Stress in the Liver: From Physiology to Pathology and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215266. [PMID: 31652839 PMCID: PMC6862076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central metabolic organ of mammals. In humans, most diseases of the liver are primarily caused by an unhealthy lifestyle-high fat diet, drug and alcohol consumption- or due to infections and exposure to toxic substances like aflatoxin or other environmental factors. All these noxae cause changes in the metabolism of functional cells in the liver. In this literature review we focus on the changes at the miRNA level, the formation and impact of reactive oxygen species and the crosstalk between those factors. Both, miRNAs and oxidative stress are involved in the multifactorial development and progression of acute and chronic liver diseases, as well as in viral hepatitis and carcinogenesis, by influencing numerous signaling and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, expression patterns of miRNAs and antioxidants can be used for biomonitoring the course of disease and show potential to serve as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Klieser
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Christian Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Till Wissniowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Matthias Ocker
- Translational Medicine Oncology, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Gastroenterology CBF, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
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Abo El-khair SM, Ghoneim FM, Shabaan DA, Elsamanoudy AZ. Molecular and ultrastructure study of endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatic steatosis: role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and inflammatory mediators. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:49-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tan Y, Jin Y, Wang Q, Huang J, Wu X, Ren Z. Perilipin 5 Protects against Cellular Oxidative Stress by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function in HepG2 Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101241. [PMID: 31614673 PMCID: PMC6830103 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as potent oxidants in cells, have been shown to promote the development of NAFLD. Previous studies reported that for ROS-induced cellular oxidative stress, promoting lipid droplet (LD) accumulation is associated with the cellular antioxidation process. However, the regulatory role of LDs in relieving cellular oxidative stress is poorly understood. Here, we showed that Perilipin 5 (PLIN5), a key LD protein related to mitochondria-LD contact, reduced ROS levels and improved mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells. Both mRNA and protein levels of PLIN5 were significantly increased in cells with hydrogen peroxide or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment (p < 0.05). Additionally, the overexpression of PLIN5 promoted LD formation and mitochondria-LD contact, reduced cellular ROS levels and up-regulated mitochondrial function-related genes such as COX and CS. Knockdown PLIN5, meanwhile, showed opposite effects. Furthermore, we identified that cellular oxidative stress up-regulated PLIN5 expression via the JNK-p38-ATF pathway. This study shows that the up-regulation of PLIN5 is a kind of survival strategy for cells in response to stress. PLIN5 can be a potential therapeutic target in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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Wu X, Xu N, Li M, Huang Q, Wu J, Gan Y, Chen L, Luo H, Li Y, Huang X, Su Z, Liu Y. Protective Effect of Patchouli Alcohol Against High-Fat Diet Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Regulating VLDL Metabolism in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1134. [PMID: 31632274 PMCID: PMC6779828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic hepatic disorder worldwide. The earliest stage of NAFLD is simple steatosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. Inhibition of steatosis is a potential treatment for NAFLD. Patchouli alcohol (PA) is an active component of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Labiatae), which is a medicinal food in Asia countries and proved to possess hepatoprotective effect. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of PA against high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats. In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a HFD for 4 weeks to induce NAFLD. Oral administration with PA significantly reduced pathological severity of steatosis in HFD-fed rats. It was associated with suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and regulating very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism. Our data showed that PA treatment effectively attenuated ER stress by inhibiting the activation of protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Moreover, PA decreased hepatic VLDL uptake by suppressing very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) expression. It also restored VLDL synthesis and export by increasing apolipoprotein B100 (apoB 100) secretion and microsomal triglyceride-transfer protein (MTP) activity. Taken together, PA exerted a protective effect on the treatment of NAFLD in HFD-fed rats and may be potential therapeutic agent acting on hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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An JP, Choi JH, Huh J, Lee HJ, Han S, Noh JR, Kim YH, Lee CH, Oh WK. Anti-hepatic steatosis activity of Sicyos angulatus extract in high-fat diet-fed mice and chemical profiling study using UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS spectrometry. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 63:152999. [PMID: 31280138 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Recently, the inhibitory effects of flavone glycosides isolated from Sicyos angulatus extract on hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro were demonstrated. However, the effects of S. angulatus extract and its major flavonoid glycoside on in vivo hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet have not yet been established. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of S. angulatus extract and its major flavonoid glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, on hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed mice, which serves as a model of NAFLD. In addition, attempts have been made to chemically profile the metabolites involved in the activity of the S. angulatus extract. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were divided into vehicle, total extract of S. angulatus (SA; 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and major active component (20 mg/kg) groups. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without S. angulatus extract or its major single compound for 10 weeks. Chemical identification was carried out using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS) and then quantified by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS Administration of S. angulatus extract significantly lowered plasma ALT and AST levels in HFD-fed mice compared to those of the vehicle group. The hepatic lipid content, as evidenced by oil-red O staining and quantification, was significantly lower in the S. angulatus-administered group, and the effect was dose dependent. These beneficial effects of S. angulatus extract were related to the decreased expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid (ACC1, FAS and SCD1) and triglyceride (DGAT) synthesis. The expression levels of two key transcription factors regulating lipogenesis, SREBP-1c and PPARγ, were significantly suppressed in the liver by administration of S. angulatus extract with HFD. Treatment of the HFD-fed mice with the major compound isolated from S. angulatus extract resulted in improved liver function along with an anti-steatotic effect similar to the results seen with S. angulatus extract. For the standardization of the S. angulatus extract, 23 compounds were identified based on MS/MS fragmentation and UV spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of the major compound showed that the major component was present in 15.35 ± 0.01 mg/g of total extract. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that S. angulatus extract and its major component have the potential to improve liver function and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Pyo An
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmoo Huh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Sangouni AA, Ghavamzadeh S. A review of synbiotic efficacy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a therapeutic approach. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2917-2922. [PMID: 31425956 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to recent epidemiological studies, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the worldwide. Pathophysiological pathways and mechanisms involved in NAFLD are not fully clear, but Inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, obesity and dyslipidemia are among the main causes of NAFLD. There is still no standard drug for the treatment of NAFLD. Diet modification, weight loss and physical activity are considered as the main treatment line for this disease. It has been shown that gut microbiota imbalance is associated with the main factors causing of NAFLD. Synbiotics, which have positive effects on the balance of gut microbiota, are a combination of prebiotics and probiotics. It is believed that the consumption of synbiotics can help to treatment of NAFLD through effect on gut microbiota and subsequently improving the risk factors of this disease. The purpose of this review is to investigate the effects of synbiotics on the main causes of NAFLD based on existing evidence, especially the clinical effects of synbiotics supplementation in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Sangouni
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Human Nutrition, Medicine Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavamzadeh
- Department of Human Nutrition, Medicine Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Food and Beverage Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Rao Y, Lu YT, Li C, Song QQ, Xu YH, Xu Z, Hu YT, Yu H, Gao L, Gu LQ, Ye JM, Huang ZS. Bouchardatine analogue alleviates non-alcoholic hepatic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in high-fat fed mice by inhibiting ATP synthase activity. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2877-2893. [PMID: 31113010 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-alcoholic hepatic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome in the liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents its advanced stage. R17 derived from bouchardatine, shows benefits in the metabolic syndrome, but has not been tested in the liver. The present study examined the pharmacological effects of R17 in a model of NAFLD/NASH and its mode of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of R17 were examined in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet to induce the pathological characteristics of NAFLD/NASH and in cultures of HuH7 cells. We used histological and immunohistochemical techniques along with western blotting and siRNA. Generation of ROS and apoptosis were measured. KEY RESULTS Administration of R17 (20 mg·kg-1 , i.p. every other day) for 5 weeks reversed HF-induced hepatic triglyceride content, inflammation (inflammatory cytokines and macrophage numbers), injury (hepatocyte ballooning and apoptosis, plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), and fibrogenesis (collagen deposition and mRNA expression of fibrosis markers). In cultured cells, R17 reduced cell steatosis from both lipogenesis and fatty acid influx. The attenuated inflammation and cell injury were associated with inhibition of both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress. Notably, R17 activated the liver kinase B1-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway by inhibiting activity of ATP synthase, rather than direct stimulation of AMPK. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS R17 has therapeutic potential for NAFLD/NASH. Its mode of action involves the elimination of ER and oxidative stresses, possibly via activating the LKB1-AMPK axis by inhibiting the activity of ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Qin Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Hao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Quan Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Lee Y, Hu S, Park YK, Lee JY. Health Benefits of Carotenoids: A Role of Carotenoids in the Prevention of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:103-113. [PMID: 31328113 PMCID: PMC6615349 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases with a prevalence of ~25% worldwide. NAFLD includes simple hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, which can further progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, effective strategies for the prevention of NAFLD are needed. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complicated due to diverse injury insults, such as fat accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, and apoptosis, which may act synergistically. Studies have shown that carotenoids, a natural group of isoprenoid pigments, prevent the development of NAFLD by exerting antioxidant, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and insulin-sensitizing properties. This review summarizes the protective action of carotenoids, with primary focuses on astaxanthin, lycopene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, fucoxanthin, and crocetin, against the development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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139
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Platko K, Lebeau PF, Byun JH, Poon SV, Day EA, MacDonald ME, Holzapfel N, Mejia-Benitez A, Maclean KN, Krepinsky JC, Austin RC. GDF10 blocks hepatic PPARγ activation to protect against diet-induced liver injury. Mol Metab 2019; 27:62-74. [PMID: 31288993 PMCID: PMC6717799 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth differentiation factors (GDFs) and bone-morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily and are known to play a central role in the growth and differentiation of developing tissues. Accumulating evidence, however, demonstrates that many of these factors, such as BMP-2 and -4, as well as GDF15, also regulate lipid metabolism. GDF10 is a divergent member of the TGFβ superfamily with a unique structure and is abundantly expressed in brain and adipose tissue; it is also secreted by the latter into the circulation. Although previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of GDF10 reduces adiposity in mice, the role of circulating GDF10 on other tissues known to regulate lipid, like the liver, has not yet been examined. METHODS Accordingly, GDF10-/- mice and age-matched GDF10+/+ control mice were fed either normal control diet (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and examined for changes in liver lipid homeostasis. Additional studies were also carried out in primary and immortalized human hepatocytes treated with recombinant human (rh)GDF10. RESULTS Here, we show that circulating GDF10 levels are increased in conditions of diet-induced hepatic steatosis and, in turn, that secreted GDF10 can prevent excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. We also report that GDF10-/- mice develop an obese phenotype as well as increased liver triglyceride accumulation when fed a NCD. Furthermore, HFD-fed GDF10-/- mice develop increased steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, fibrosis, and injury of the liver compared to HFD-fed GDF10+/+ mice. To explain these observations, studies in cultured hepatocytes led to the observation that GDF10 attenuates nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity; a transcription factor known to induce de novo lipogenesis. CONCLUSION Our work delineates a hepatoprotective role of GDF10 as an adipokine capable of regulating hepatic lipid levels by blocking de novo lipogenesis to protect against ER stress and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Paul F Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Samantha V Poon
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Emily A Day
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Holzapfel
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Aurora Mejia-Benitez
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Kenneth N Maclean
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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Yi H, Xu D, Wu X, Xu F, Lin L, Zhou H. Isosteviol Protects Free Fatty Acid- and High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Injury via Modulating PKC-β/p66Shc/ROS and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1949-1968. [PMID: 30484323 PMCID: PMC6486675 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases. However, there are no approved pharmacotherapies for the treatment of NAFLD other than managing life style and controlling diets. Extensive studies have demonstrated that multiple mechanisms are involved in free fatty acid (FFA)- and high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic injury, including mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and lysosome dysfunction. A previous study reported that Isosteviol (ISV), a derivative of stevioside, prevents HFD-induced hepatic injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Results: In this study, we examined the potential cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying ISV-mediated protective effect against FFA-/HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by using both in vitro primary rat hepatocytes and the in vivo rat NAFLD model. The results indicated that ISV inhibits FFA-/HFD-induced hepatic injury via reducing oxidative and ER stress. Specifically, ISV inhibited the expression, activation, and mitochondrial translocation of Src-homology-2-domain-containing transforming protein 1 (p66Shc), an adapter protein that mediates oxidative stress-induced injury and is a substrate of protein kinase C-β (PKC-β), via inhibition of PKC-β activity. However, ISV had no effect on the expression and activity of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, isomerase and phosphorylase of p66Shc. In addition, ISV also inhibited FFA-induced ER stress and decreased ER-mitochondrial interaction. Innovation and Conclusion: We first identified that ISV prevents FFA-/HFD-induced hepatic injury through modulating PKC-β/p66Shc/oxidative and ER stress pathways. ISV represents a promising therapeutic agent for NAFLD in the future. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 30, 1949-1968.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yi
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyi Xu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Xu
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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141
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The Combination of Mulberry Extracts and Silk Amino Acids Alleviated High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis by Improving Hepatic Insulin Signaling and Normalizing Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8063121. [PMID: 31275421 PMCID: PMC6582910 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8063121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry water extracts (MB) and silk amino acids (SA) are reported to improve oxidative stress and inflammation, respectively. We hypothesized whether the mixture of mulberry water extracts and silk amino acids can alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high fat diets. Male Sprague Dawley rats were orally provided with high fat diets containing different ratios of MB and SA (1:3, MS1:3, or 1:5, MS1:5) or cellulose (the disease-control) for 12 weeks. Rats had 200 or 600 mg/kg bw of MS1:3 and MS1:5 (MS1:3-L, MS1:3-H; MS1:5-L, and MS1:5-H). Rats in the normal-control group were fed the 20% fat diet with cellulose. Disease-control rats exhibited much greater triglyceride (TG) deposition in the liver than the normal-control rats along with increased body weight gain, visceral fat mass, serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), and insulin resistance. Disease-control rats also had liver damage with increased oxidative stress and inflammation compared to the normal-control rats. MS1:3-H and MS1:5-H were found to have greater hepatic glycogen accumulation and decreased hepatic TG, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, with MS1:5-H being similar to the normal-control. MS1:3-H alleviated oxidative stress with lower hepatic lipid peroxide compared to MS1:5-H whereas MS1:5-H ameliorated inflammation and hepatocyte damage better than MS1:3-H. Both MS1:3-H and MS1:5-H potentiated hepatic insulin signaling (pAkt⟶pACC) and reduced the mRNA expression of TG synthesis genes mRNA (FAS and SREBP-1c). In the gut microbiome MS1:3-H elevated the ratio of Bacteroidales to Clostridiales in the cecum better than MS1:5-H but MS1:5-H reduced the proinflammatory Turicibacterales. In conclusion, both MS1:3-H and MS1:5-H prevented liver damage induced by high fat diets, mainly by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, respectively. MS1:3 and MS1:5 might be used as therapeutic agent for NAFLD.
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142
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Hong T, Ge Z, Zhang B, Meng R, Zhu D, Bi Y. Erythropoietin suppresses hepatic steatosis and obesity by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and upregulating fibroblast growth factor 21. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:469-478. [PMID: 31173165 PMCID: PMC6605699 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), known primarily for its role in erythropoiesis, was recently reported to play a beneficial role in regulating lipid metabolism; however, the underlying mechanism through which EPO decreases hepatic lipid accumulation requires further investigation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may contribute to the progression of hepatic steatosis. The present study investigated the effects of EPO on regulating ER stress in fatty liver. It was demonstrated that EPO inhibited hepatic ER stress and steatosis in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, these beneficial effects were abrogated in liver-specific sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-knockout mice compared with wild-type littermates. In addition, in palmitate-treated hepatocytes, small interfering RNA-mediated SIRT1 silencing suppressed the effects of EPO on lipid-induced ER stress. Additionally, EPO stimulated hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression and secretion in a SIRT1-dependent manner in mice. Furthermore, the sensitivity of hepatocytes from obese mice to FGF21 was restored following treatment with EPO. Collectively, the results of the present study revealed a new mechanism underlying the regulation of hepatic ER stress and FGF21 expression induced by EPO; thus, EPO may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of fatty liver and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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143
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Montgomery MK, De Nardo W, Watt MJ. Impact of Lipotoxicity on Tissue "Cross Talk" and Metabolic Regulation. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:134-149. [PMID: 30724128 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated comorbidities include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are associated with accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissues, which can impact many intracellular cellular signaling pathways and functions that have been broadly defined as "lipotoxic." This review moves beyond understanding intracellular lipotoxic outcomes and outlines the consequences of lipotoxicity on protein secretion and inter-tissue "cross talk," and the impact this exerts on systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William De Nardo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
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144
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Huang Y, Wan T, Pang N, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Li B, Gu Y, Huang Y, Ye X, Lian H, Zhang Z, Yang L. Cannabidiol protects livers against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high‐fat high cholesterol diet via regulating NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21224-21234. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Nutrition Huizhou First People's Hospital Huizhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Nengzhi Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Xuye Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Bangyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodie Ye
- Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
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Boeckmans J, Buyl K, Natale A, Vandenbempt V, Branson S, De Boe V, Rogiers V, De Kock J, Rodrigues RM, Vanhaecke T. Elafibranor restricts lipogenic and inflammatory responses in a human skin stem cell-derived model of NASH. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:377-389. [PMID: 31028903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatocellular steatosis with concomitant hepatic inflammation. Despite its pandemic proportions, no anti-NASH drugs have been approved yet. This is partially because drug development is decelerated due to the lack of adequate tools to assess the efficacy of potential new drug candidates. The present study describes the development and application of a new preclinical model for NASH using hepatic cells generated from human skin-derived precursors. Exposure of these cells to lipogenic (insulin, glucose, fatty acids) and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β) resulted in a characteristic NASH response, as indicated by intracellular lipid accumulation, modulation of NASH-specific gene expression, increased caspase-3/7 activity and the expression and/or secretion of inflammatory markers, including CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CXCL5, CXCL8, IL1a, IL6 and IL11. The human relevance of the proposed NASH model was verified by transcriptomics analyses that revealed commonly modulated genes and the identification of the same gene classes between the in vitro system and patients suffering from NASH. The application potential of this in vitro model was demonstrated by testing elafibranor, a promising anti-NASH compound currently under clinical phase III trial evaluation. Elafibranor attenuated in vitro key features of NASH, and dramatically lowered lipid load as well as the expression and secretion of inflammatory chemokines, which in vivo are responsible for the recruitment of immune cells. This reduction in inflammatory response was NFκB-mediated. In summary, this human-relevant, in vitro system proved to be a sensitive testing tool for the investigation of novel anti-NASH compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Boeckmans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology & Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien Buyl
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology & Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Natale
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology & Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valerie Vandenbempt
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology & Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Branson
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology & Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle De Boe
- Department of Urology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology & Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology & Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology & Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology & Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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146
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Gjorgjieva M, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Hepatic stress associated with pathologies characterized by disturbed glucose production. Cell Stress 2019; 3:86-99. [PMID: 31225503 PMCID: PMC6551742 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an organ with many facets, including a role in energy production and metabolic balance, detoxification and extraordinary capacity of regeneration. Hepatic glucose production plays a crucial role in the maintenance of normal glucose levels in the organism i.e. between 0.7 to 1.1 g/l. The loss of this function leads to a rare genetic metabolic disease named glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI), characterized by severe hypoglycemia during short fasts. On the contrary, type 2 diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, partly due to an overproduction of glucose by the liver. Indeed, diabetes is characterized by increased uptake/production of glucose by hepatocytes, leading to the activation of de novo lipogenesis and the development of a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In GSDI, the accumulation of glucose-6 phosphate, which cannot be hydrolyzed into glucose, leads to an increase of glycogen stores and the development of hepatic steatosis. Thus, in these pathologies, hepatocytes are subjected to cellular stress mainly induced by glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. In this review, we have compared hepatic cellular stress induced in type 2 diabetes and GSDI, especially oxidative stress, autophagy deregulation, and ER-stress. In addition, both GSDI and diabetic patients are prone to the development of hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) that occur on a fatty liver in the absence of cirrhosis. These HCA can further acquire malignant traits and transform into hepatocellular carcinoma. This process of tumorigenesis highlights the importance of an optimal metabolic control in both GSDI and diabetic patients in order to prevent, or at least to restrain, tumorigenic activity during disturbed glucose metabolism pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008 France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008 France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008 France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
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147
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Lei P, Tian S, Teng C, Huang L, Liu X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li B, Shan Y. Sulforaphane Improves Lipid Metabolism by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function and Biogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800795. [PMID: 30578708 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Sulforaphane (SFN) is reported to reduce the accumulation of lipids. However, the underling mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the potential of SFN to improve lipid metabolism is investigated through altering mitochondrial function and biogenesis-related mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The abnormal lipid metabolism model was established both in HHL-5 cells and in rats by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. The current findings suggest that SFN alleviates the swelling of mitochondria and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis. The reduced expression of NRF1 and TFAM, were reversed by SFN. SFN increases the levels of antioxidant compounds via nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) activation. Furthermore, SFN improves multiple mitochondrial bioactivities, such as mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP, and the electron transfer chain based on PGC-1α pathway. SFN also activates lipolysis by transcriptionally upregulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). CONCLUSIONS SFN enhances utilization of lipids via both the PGC- 1α-dependent promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf2 dependent improvement of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Sicong Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Teng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Baolong Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Shan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
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148
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Luo L, Fang K, Dan X, Gu M. Crocin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through activation of AMPK signaling in db/db mice. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:11. [PMID: 30621686 PMCID: PMC6325828 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders worldwide. Crocin is a carotenoid compound possessing various pharmacological activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect on fatty liver under diabetic and obese condition and to examine the possible role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Methods db/db mice were administrated with crocin and injected with LV-shAMPK or its negative control lentivirus. Metabolic dysfunction, lipogenesis and fatty acid-oxidation in liver were evaluated. Results In db/db mice, we found that oral administration of crocin significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and downregulated the phosphorylation of mTOR in liver. Crocin reduced liver weight, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and liver triglyceride content, and attenuated morphological injury of liver in db/db mice. Crocin inhibited the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-associated genes, including sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, and increased the mRNA expression of genes involved in the regulation of β-oxidation of fatty acids, including PPARα, acyl-CoA oxidase 1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2. Moreover, treatment of crocin resulted in a amelioration of general metabolic disorder, as evidenced by decreased fasting blood glucose, reduced serum levels of insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid, and improved glucose intolerance. Crocin-induced protective effects against fatty liver and metabolic disorder were significantly blocked by lentivirus-mediated downregulation of AMPK. Conclusions The results suggest that crocin can inhibit lipogenesis and promote β-oxidation of fatty acids through activation of AMPK, leading to improvement of fatty liver and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, crocin may be a potential promising option for the clinical treatment for NAFLD and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kai Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dan
- Hubei Institute For Drug Control, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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149
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Melnikov F, Botta D, White CC, Schmuck SC, Winfough M, Schaupp CM, Gallagher EP, Brooks BW, Williams ES, Coish P, Anastas PT, Voutchkova-Kostal A, Kostal J, Kavanagh TJ. Kinetics of Glutathione Depletion and Antioxidant Gene Expression as Indicators of Chemical Modes of Action Assessed in Vitro in Mouse Hepatocytes with Enhanced Glutathione Synthesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:421-436. [PMID: 30547568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a vertically integrated in vitro - in silico study that aims to elucidate the molecular initiating events involved in the induction of oxidative stress (OS) by seven diverse chemicals (cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, hydroquinone, t-butyl hydroquinone, bisphenol A, Dinoseb, and perfluorooctanoic acid). To that end, we probe the relationship between chemical properties, cell viability, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and antioxidant gene expression. Concentration-dependent effects on cell viability were assessed by MTT assay in two Hepa-1 derived mouse liver cell lines: a control plasmid vector transfected cell line (Hepa-V), and a cell line with increased glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity and GSH content (CR17). Changes to intracellular GSH content and mRNA expression levels for the Nrf2-driven antioxidant genes Gclc, Gclm, heme oxygenase-1 ( Hmox1), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 ( Nqo1) were monitored after sublethal exposure to the chemicals. In silico models of covalent and redox reactivity were used to rationalize differences in activity of quinones and peroxides. Our findings show CR17 cells were generally more resistant to chemical toxicity and showed markedly attenuated induction of OS biomarkers; however, differences in viability effects between the two cell lines were not the same for all chemicals. The results highlight the vital role of GSH in protecting against oxidative stress-inducing chemicals as well as the importance of probing molecular initiating events in order to identify chemicals with lower potential to cause oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fjodor Melnikov
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Dianne Botta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Collin C White
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Stefanie C Schmuck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Matthew Winfough
- Department of Chemistry , George Washington University , Washington , D.C. 20052 , United States
| | - Christopher M Schaupp
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Evan P Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Edward Spencer Williams
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Philip Coish
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Paul T Anastas
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States.,School of Public Health , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | | | - Jakub Kostal
- Department of Chemistry , George Washington University , Washington , D.C. 20052 , United States
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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150
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D'Adamo E, Castorani V, Nobili V. The Liver in Children With Metabolic Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:514. [PMID: 31428049 PMCID: PMC6687849 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as an emerging health risk in obese children and adolescents. NAFLD represents a wide spectrum of liver conditions, ranging from asymptomatic steatosis to steatohepatitis. The growing prevalence of fatty liver disease in children is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and several lines of evidence have reported that children with NAFLD present one or more features of MetS. The pathogenetic mechanisms explaining the interrelationships between fatty liver disease and MetS are not clearly understood. Altough central obesity and insulin resistance seem to represent the core of the pathophysiology in both diseases, genetic susceptibility and enviromental triggers are emerging as crucial components promoting the development of NAFLD and MetS in children. In the present review we have identified and summarizied studies discussing current pathogenetic data of the association between NAFLD and MetS in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebe D'Adamo
- Department of Neonatology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ebe D'Adamo
| | | | - Valerio Nobili
- Department of Pediatrics, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, IRCCS “Bambino Gesù” Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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