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Munusamy Ponnan S, Swaminathan S, Tiruvengadam K, K. K. V, Cheedarla N, Nesakumar M, Kathirvel S, Goyal R, Singla N, Mukherjee J, Bergin P, T. Kopycinski J, Gilmour J, Prasad Tripathy S, Luke HE. Induction of circulating T follicular helper cells and regulatory T cells correlating with HIV-1 gp120 variable loop antibodies by a subtype C prophylactic vaccine tested in a Phase I trial in India. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203037. [PMID: 30157242 PMCID: PMC6114930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A Phase I HIV-1 vaccine trial sponsored by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) was conducted in India in 2009 to test a subtype C prophylactic vaccine in a prime-boost regimen comprising of a DNA prime (ADVAX) and MVA (TBC-M4) boost. The trial demonstrated that the regimen was safe and well tolerated and resulted in enhancement of HIV-specific immune responses. Preliminary observations on vaccine-induced immune responses were limited to analysis of neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ ELISPOT response. The present study involves a more detailed analysis of the nature of the vaccine-induced humoral immune response using specimens that were archived from the volunteers at the time of the trial. Interestingly, we found vaccine induced production of V1/V2 and V3 region-specific antibodies in a significant proportion of vaccinees. Variable region antibody levels correlated directly with the frequency of circulating T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and regulatory T cells (Treg). Our findings provide encouraging evidence to demonstrate the immunogenicity of the tested vaccine. Better insights into vaccine-induced immune responses can aid in informing future design of a successfulHIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumya Swaminathan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Kannan Tiruvengadam
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Vidyavijayan K. K.
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Narayana Cheedarla
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Manohar Nesakumar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Sujitha Kathirvel
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Singla
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Philip Bergin
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jill Gilmour
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Srikanth Prasad Tripathy
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Hanna Elizabeth Luke
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
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102
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Powell WE, Hanna SJ, Hocter CN, Robinson E, Davies J, Dunseath GJ, Luzio S, Farewell D, Wen L, Dayan CM, Price DA, Ladell K, Wong FS. Loss of CXCR3 expression on memory B cells in individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1794-1803. [PMID: 29881878 PMCID: PMC6061155 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Islet-specific autoantibodies can predict the development of type 1 diabetes. However, it remains unclear if B cells, per se, contribute to the causal pancreatic immunopathology. We aimed to identify phenotypic signatures of disease progression among naive and memory B cell subsets in the peripheral blood of individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS A total of 69 participants were recruited across two separate cohorts, one for discovery purposes and the other for validation purposes. Each cohort comprised two groups of individuals with type 1 diabetes (one with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and the other with long-standing type 1 diabetes) and one group of age- and sex-matched healthy donors. The phenotypic characteristics of circulating naive and memory B cells were investigated using polychromatic flow cytometry, and serum concentrations of various chemokines and cytokines were measured using immunoassays. RESULTS A disease-linked phenotype was detected in individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes, characterised by reduced C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) expression on switched (CD27+IgD-) and unswitched (CD27intermediateIgD+) memory B cells. These changes were associated with raised serum concentrations of B cell activating factor and of the CXCR3 ligands, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 and CXCL11. A concomitant reduction in CXCR3 expression was also identified on T cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data reveal a statistically robust set of abnormalities that indicate an association between type 1 diabetes and long-term dysregulation of a chemokine ligand/receptor system that controls B cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Powell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Stephanie J Hanna
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Claire N Hocter
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Emma Robinson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Joanne Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | | | - Stephen Luzio
- Diabetes Research Unit Cymru, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Daniel Farewell
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Colin M Dayan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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103
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Nipper AJ, Smithey MJ, Shah RC, Canaday DH, Landay AL. Diminished antibody response to influenza vaccination is characterized by expansion of an age-associated B-cell population with low PAX5. Clin Immunol 2018; 193:80-87. [PMID: 29425852 PMCID: PMC9934856 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals over the age of 65 comprise a substantial portion of the world population and become more susceptible to vaccine-preventable infections with age as vaccination response diminishes. The underlying reason for this impaired vaccine response in older individuals is not entirely clear. We evaluated potential differences in phenotypic and functional responses of B cells from healthy younger (22-45years) and older (64-95years) individuals that may associate with a diminished antibody response to influenza vaccination. We report that age is associated with expansion of atypical memory B cells (CD10-CD20+CD21-CD27-) and an age-associated B cell (ABC, CD21-T-bet+CD11c+) phenotype. Reduced expression of PAX5 was also seen in older individuals. Poor influenza-specific antibody production following vaccination was associated with low PAX5 expression and a distinct composition of the ABC compartment. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the characteristics of the ABC populations of older individuals are associated with antibody production following influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Nipper
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan J. Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Department of Family Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David H. Canaday
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alan L. Landay
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author. Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612, USA., (A.L. Landay)
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104
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Tomlinson JE, Wagner B, Felippe MJB, Van de Walle GR. Multispectral fluorescence-activated cell sorting of B and T cell subpopulations from equine peripheral blood. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 199:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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105
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Allergic patients with and without allergen-specific immunotherapy mount protective immune responses to tick-borne encephalitis vaccination in absence of enhanced side effects or propagation of their Th2 bias. Vaccine 2018; 36:2816-2824. [PMID: 29673942 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases are caused by Th2-driven immune responses and their treatment with specific immunotherapy (SIT) leads to immunomodulation via IL10, TGF-ß and Th1/Tr1 shift. This phase IV, open-label clinical trial investigated whether allergies and SIT treatment influenced immune responses to routine vaccination. METHODS We studied three groups: 49 allergic patients (allergic group), 21 allergic patients receiving maintenance doses of SIT (SIT group), and 49 non-allergic controls. All subjects received tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) booster vaccines and humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated after one week, four weeks and six months. RESULTS The levels and kinetics of neutralizing TBE-specific antibodies, reflecting protection against TBE, were not significantly different in the three groups. The allergic group showed Th2 polarization pre-booster as indicated by increased TBE-specific IgG1 and elevated mitogen-induced IL5 production. Alum-adjuvanted TBE vaccine led to Th2 biased immune responses in the controls, but to no further enhancement of Th2 polarization in the allergic and SIT group. Furthermore, in the SIT group cellular parameters reflected the induction of immunomodulation due to increased Tregs, elevated baseline IL10 and lack of TBE-specific IL5. Importantly, these cellular regulatory responses did not limit the ability to mount sufficient TBE-specific antibodies after the booster. All groups tolerated the vaccine well with no exacerbation of allergic symptoms. CONCLUSION TBE booster vaccinations were immunogenic and safe in both the allergic and SIT group and contributed to balanced immune responses. Our data indicate that all allergic patients, even when undergoing SIT, should be vaccinated without hesitation and at regular intervals according to standard recommendations. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02511535).
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106
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Peripheral B-Cell Subset Distribution in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020589. [PMID: 29462939 PMCID: PMC5855811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: B-cell differentiation and B-cell tolerance checkpoints may be different in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and can help to understand differences between them. Our aim was to define alterations of B-cell subsets in patients with primary APS (pAPS) and to compare them with SLE patients and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Cross-sectional study including three study groups: 37 patients with pAPS, 11 SLE patients, and 21 age- and gender-matched HC. We determined the frequencies of different B-cell subsets in peripheral blood naïve and memory compartments. In addition, we measured serum B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels and circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, by commercial ELISA and CBA, respectively. Results: Patients with pAPS showed a lower percentage of immature and naïve B cells than patients with SLE (p = 0.013 and p = 0.010, respectively) and a higher percentage of non-switched memory B cells than patients with SLE (p = 0.001). No differences either in the percentage of switched memory cells or plasma cells were found among the different groups. Serum BAFF levels were higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls and pAPS patients (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). A significant increase in the serum BAFF levels was also observed in pAPS patients compared to HC (p = 0.047). Circulating IL-6 levels were higher in SLE and pAPS patients than HC (p = 0.036 and p = 0.048, respectively). A positive correlation was found between serum BAFF and IL-6 levels in patients with SLE but not in pAPS (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Our characterization of peripheral blood B-cell phenotypes in pAPS demonstrates different frequencies of circulating B cells at different stages of differentiation. These differences in the naïve B-cell repertoire could explain the higher number and variety of autoantibodies in SLE patients in comparison to pAPS patients, especially in those with obstetric complications.
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107
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Centuori SM, Gomes CJ, Kim SS, Putnam CW, Larsen BT, Garland LL, Mount DW, Martinez JD. Double-negative (CD27 -IgD -) B cells are expanded in NSCLC and inversely correlate with affinity-matured B cell populations. J Transl Med 2018; 16:30. [PMID: 29448960 PMCID: PMC5815250 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of B cells in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with longer survival, however, the role these cells play in the generation and maintenance of anti-tumor immunity is unclear. B cells differentiate into a variety of subsets with differing characteristics and functions. To date, there is limited information on the specific B cell subsets found within NSCLC. To better understand the composition of the B cell populations found in NSCLC we have begun characterizing B cells in lung tumors and have detected a population of B cells that are CD79A+CD27-IgD-. These CD27-IgD- (double-negative) B cells have previously been characterized as unconventional memory B cells and have been detected in some autoimmune diseases and in the elderly population but have not been detected previously in tumor tissue. METHODS A total of 15 fresh untreated NSCLC tumors and 15 matched adjacent lung control tissues were dissociated and analyzed by intracellular flow cytometry to detect the B cell-related markers CD79A, CD27 and IgD. All CD79A+ B cells subsets were classified as either naïve (CD27-IgD+), affinity-matured (CD27+IgD-), early memory/germinal center cells (CD27+IgD+) or double-negative B cells (CD27-IgD-). Association of double-negative B cells with clinical data including gender, age, smoking status, tumor diagnosis and pathologic differentiation status were also examined using the logistic regression analysis for age and student's t-test for all other variables. Associations with other B cell subpopulations were examined using Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS We observed that double-negative B cells were frequently abundant in lung tumors compared to normal adjacent controls (13 out of 15 cases), and in some cases made up a substantial proportion of the total B cell compartment. The presence of double-negative cells was also found to be inversely related to the presence of affinity-matured B cells within the tumor, Spearman's coefficient of - 0.76. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to observe the presence of CD27-IgD- double-negative B cells in human NSCLC and that this population is inversely correlated with traditional affinity-matured B cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Centuori
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Cecil J. Gomes
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Samuel S. Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Charles W. Putnam
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Brandon T. Larsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
| | - Linda L. Garland
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - David W. Mount
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Jesse D. Martinez
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
- Cell & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
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108
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Wohlford EM, Baresel PC, Wilmore JR, Mortelliti AJ, Coleman CB, Rochford R. Changes in Tonsil B Cell Phenotypes and EBV Receptor Expression in Children Under 5-Years-Old. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 94:291-301. [PMID: 28885784 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palatine tonsils are principally B cell organs that are the initial line of defense against many oral pathogens, as well as the site of infection for others. While the size of palatine tonsils changes greatly in the first five years of life, the cellular changes during this period are not well studied. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a common orally transmitted virus that infects tonsillar B cells. Naïve B cells are thought to be the target of primary infection with EBV in vivo, suggesting that they are targeted by the virus. EBV enters B cells through CD21, but studies of older children and adults have not shown differences in surface CD21 between naïve B cells and other tonsil B cell populations. METHODS In this study, we used an 11-color flow cytometry panel to detail the changes in B cell subpopulations in human tonsils over the first five years of life from 33 healthy US children. RESULTS We provide reference ranges for tonsil B cell subpopulations over this age range. We show that the frequency of naïve tonsil B cells decreases over the early years of life, and that naïve B cells expressed higher surface levels of CD21 relative to other tonsil B cell populations. CONCLUSIONS We show that young children have a higher frequency of naïve tonsil B cells, and importantly that these cells express increased surface EBV receptor, suggesting that young children have a larger pool of cells that can be infected by the virus. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Wohlford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Paul C Baresel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Joel R Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Anthony J Mortelliti
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Carrie B Coleman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, Aurora
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, Aurora
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109
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The Deadly Dance of B Cells with Trypanosomatids. Trends Parasitol 2017; 34:155-171. [PMID: 29089182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
B cells are notorious actors for the host's protection against several infectious diseases. So much so that early vaccinology seated its principles upon their long-term protective antibody secretion capabilities. Indeed, there are many examples of acute infectious diseases that are combated by functional humoral responses. However, some chronic infectious diseases actively induce immune deregulations that often lead to defective, if not deleterious, humoral immune responses. In this review we summarize how Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp. directly manipulate B cell responses to induce polyclonal B cell activation, hypergammaglobulinemia, low-specificity antibodies, limited B cell survival, and regulatory B cells, contributing therefore to immunopathology and the establishment of persistent infections.
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110
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Elayeb R, Tamagne M, Pinheiro M, Ripa J, Djoudi R, Bierling P, Pirenne F, Vingert B. Anti-CD20 Antibody Prevents Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization in a Mouse Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3771-3780. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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111
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Muir L, McKay PF, Petrova VN, Klymenko OV, Kratochvil S, Pinder CL, Kellam P, Shattock RJ. Optimisation of ex vivo memory B cell expansion/differentiation for interrogation of rare peripheral memory B cell subset responses. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:97. [PMID: 29588920 PMCID: PMC5843844 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11386.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human memory B cells play a vital role in the long-term protection of the host from pathogenic re-challenge. In recent years the importance of a number of different memory B cell subsets that can be formed in response to vaccination or infection has started to become clear. To study memory B cell responses, cells can be cultured ex vivo, allowing for an increase in cell number and activation of these quiescent cells, providing sufficient quantities of each memory subset to enable full investigation of functionality. However, despite numerous papers being published demonstrating bulk memory B cell culture, we could find no literature on optimised conditions for the study of memory B cell subsets, such as IgM + memory B cells. Methods: Following a literature review, we carried out a large screen of memory B cell expansion conditions to identify the combination that induced the highest levels of memory B cell expansion. We subsequently used a novel Design of Experiments approach to finely tune the optimal memory B cell expansion and differentiation conditions for human memory B cell subsets. Finally, we characterised the resultant memory B cell subpopulations by IgH sequencing and flow cytometry. Results: The application of specific optimised conditions induce multiple rounds of memory B cell proliferation equally across Ig isotypes, differentiation of memory B cells to antibody secreting cells, and importantly do not alter the Ig genotype of the stimulated cells. Conclusions: Overall, our data identify a memory B cell culture system that offers a robust platform for investigating the functionality of rare memory B cell subsets to infection and/or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Muir
- Department of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Oleksiy V Klymenko
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- Department of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Christopher L Pinder
- Department of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul Kellam
- Department of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Kymab Ltd., Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
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112
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Muir L, McKay PF, Petrova VN, Klymenko OV, Kratochvil S, Pinder CL, Kellam P, Shattock RJ. Optimisation of ex vivo memory B cell expansion/differentiation for interrogation of rare peripheral memory B cell subset responses. Wellcome Open Res 2017. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11386.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Human memory B cells play a vital role in the long-term protection of the host from pathogenic re-challenge. In recent years the importance of a number of different memory B cell subsets that can be formed in response to vaccination or infection has started to become clear. To study memory B cell responses, cells can be culturedex vivo,allowing for an increase in cell number and activation of these quiescent cells, providing sufficient quantities of each memory subset to enable full investigation of functionality. However, despite numerous papers being published demonstrating bulk memory B cell culture, we could find no literature on optimised conditions for the study of memory B cell subsets, such as IgM+memory B cells.Methods:Following a literature review, we carried out a large screen of memory B cell expansion conditions to identify the combination that induced the highest levels of memory B cell expansion. We subsequently used a novel Design of Experiments approach to finely tune the optimal memory B cell expansion and differentiation conditions for human memory B cell subsets. Finally, we characterised the resultant memory B cell subpopulations by IgH sequencing and flow cytometry.Results:The application of specific optimised conditions induce multiple rounds of memory B cell proliferation equally across Ig isotypes, differentiation of memory B cells to antibody secreting cells, and importantly do not alter the Ig genotype of the stimulated cells. Conclusions:Overall, our data identify a memory B cell culture system that offers a robust platform for investigating the functionality of rare memory B cell subsets to infection and/or vaccination.
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113
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Mei HE, Hahne S, Redlin A, Hoyer BF, Wu K, Baganz L, Lisney AR, Alexander T, Rudolph B, Dörner T. Plasmablasts With a Mucosal Phenotype Contribute to Plasmacytosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik E. Mei
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahne
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Redlin
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Bimba F. Hoyer
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Kaiyin Wu
- Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Lisa Baganz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Anna R. Lisney
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Thomas Dörner
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Roles of Plasmablasts and B Cells in IgG4-Related Disease: Implications for Therapy and Early Treatment Outcomes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 401:85-92. [PMID: 28091934 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High serum IgG4 concentrations are a striking feature of many patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Blood levels of IgG4 often reach ten, twenty, and even thirty or more times higher than the upper limit of normal. Under the proper clinical circumstances, the finding of an elevated serum IgG4 concentration serves as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of this condition. This serum IgG4 elevation quickly called attention to the possibility of therapies targeting cells of the B lymphocyte lineage. In addition, a greater understanding of the cellular mechanisms that underpin IgG4-RD has identified peripheral blood plasmablasts as a promising biomarker for this disease. The roles of plasmablasts and B cells in IgG4-RD are discussed in this chapter.
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115
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Ahmetspahic D, Schwarte K, Ambrée O, Bürger C, Falcone V, Seiler K, Kooybaran MR, Grosse L, Roos F, Scheffer J, Jörgens S, Koelkebeck K, Dannlowski U, Arolt V, Scheu S, Alferink J. Altered B Cell Homeostasis in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Normalization of CD5 Surface Expression on Regulatory B Cells in Treatment Responders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 13:90-99. [PMID: 28905187 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory activity and cell-mediated immune responses have been widely observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Besides their well-known function as antibody-producers, B cells play a key role in inflammatory responses by secreting pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. However, homeostasis of specific B cell subsets has not been comprehensively investigated in MDD. In this study, we characterized circulating B cells of distinct developmental steps including transitional, naïve-mature, antigen-experienced switched, and non-switched memory cells, plasmablasts and regulatory B cells by multi-parameter flow cytometry. In a 6-weeks follow-up, circulating B cells were monitored in a small group of therapy responders and non-responders. Frequencies of naïve lgD+CD27- B cells, but not lgD+CD27+ memory B cells, were reduced in severely depressed patients as compared to healthy donors (HD) or mildly to moderately depressed patients. Specifically, B cells with immune-regulatory capacities such as CD1d+CD5+ B cells and CD24+CD38hi transitional B cells were reduced in MDD. Also Bm1-Bm5 classification in MDD revealed reduced Bm2' cells comprising germinal center founder cells as well as transitional B cells. We further found that reduced CD5 surface expression on transitional B cells was associated with severe depression and normalized exclusively in clinical responders. This study demonstrates a compromised peripheral B cell compartment in MDD with a reduction in B cells exhibiting a regulatory phenotype. Recovery of CD5 surface expression on transitional B cells in clinical response, a molecule involved in activation and down-regulation of B cell responses, further points towards a B cell-dependent process in the pathogenesis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ahmetspahic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwarte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Ambrée
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Bürger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Vladislava Falcone
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Seiler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Rahbar Kooybaran
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Grosse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fernand Roos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Scheffer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Jörgens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Katja Koelkebeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Alexianer Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Münster, Germany.
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116
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Tanaka T, Zhang W, Sun Y, Shuai Z, Chida A, Kenny TP, Yang GX, Sanz I, Ansai A, Bowlus CL, Ippolito GC, Coppel RL, Okazaki K, He XS, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME. Autoreactive monoclonal antibodies from patients with primary biliary cholangitis recognize environmental xenobiotics. Hepatology 2017; 66:885-895. [PMID: 28470667 PMCID: PMC5570636 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A major problem in autoimmunity has been identification of the earliest events that lead to breach of tolerance. Although there have been major advances in dissecting effector pathways and the multilineage immune responses to mitochondrial self-antigens in primary biliary cholangitis, the critical links between environmental factors and tolerance remain elusive. We hypothesized that environmental xenobiotic modification of the E2 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC-E2) inner lipoyl domain can lead to loss of tolerance to genetically susceptible hosts. Previously we demonstrated that serum anti-PDC-E2 autoantibodies cross-react with the chemical xenobiotics 2-octynoic acid and 6,8-bis (acetylthio) octanoic acid and further that there is a high frequency of PDC-E2-specific peripheral plasmablasts. Herein we generated 104 recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) based on paired heavy-chain and light-chain variable regions of individual plasmablasts derived from primary biliary cholangitis patients. We identified 32 mAbs reactive with native PDC-E2, including 20 specific for PDC-E2 and 12 cross-reactive with both PDC-E2 and 2-octynoic acid and 6,8-bis (acetylthio) octanoic acid. A lower frequency of replacement somatic hypermutations, indicating a lower level of affinity maturation, was observed in the complementarity-determining regions of the cross-reactive mAbs in comparison to mAbs exclusively recognizing PDC-E2 or those for irrelevant antigens. In particular, when the highly mutated heavy-chain gene of a cross-reactive mAb was reverted to the germline sequence, the PDC-E2 reactivity was reduced dramatically, whereas the xenobiotic reactivity was retained. Importantly, cross-reactive mAbs also recognized lipoic acid, a mitochondrial fatty acid that is covalently bound to PDC-E2. CONCLUSION Our data reflect that chemically modified lipoic acid or lipoic acid itself, through molecular mimicry, is the initial target that leads to the development of primary biliary cholangitis. (Hepatology 2017;66:885-895).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tanaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Center for the Treatment and Research of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230002, China
| | - Asiya Chida
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 303222, USA
| | - Thomas P. Kenny
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Guo-Xiang Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 303222, USA
| | - Aftab Ansai
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 303222, USA
| | - Christopher L. Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gregory C. Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ross L. Coppel
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiao-Song He
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Patrick SC Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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117
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Nakayama Y, Kosek J, Capone L, Hur EM, Schafer PH, Ringheim GE. Aiolos Overexpression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B Cell Subtypes and BAFF-Induced Memory B Cell Differentiation Are Reduced by CC-220 Modulation of Cereblon Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2388-2407. [PMID: 28848067 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BAFF is a B cell survival and maturation factor implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this in vitro study, we describe that soluble BAFF in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 is a T cell contact-independent inducer of human B cell proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion from circulating CD27+ memory and memory-like CD27-IgD- double-negative (DN) B cells, but not CD27-IgD+ naive B cells. In contrast, soluble CD40L in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 induces these activities in both memory and naive B cells. Blood from healthy donors and SLE patients have similar circulating levels of IL-2, whereas SLE patients exhibit elevated BAFF and DN B cells and reduced IL-21. B cell differentiation transcription factors in memory, DN, and naive B cells in SLE show elevated levels of Aiolos, whereas Ikaros levels are unchanged. Treatment with CC-220, a modulator of the cullin ring ligase 4-cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, reduces Aiolos and Ikaros protein levels and BAFF- and CD40L-induced proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion. The observation that the soluble factors BAFF, IL-2, and IL-21 induce memory and DN B cell activation and differentiation has implications for extrafollicular plasmablast development within inflamed tissue. Inhibition of B cell plasmablast differentiation by reduction of Aiolos and Ikaros may have utility in the treatment of SLE, where elevated levels of BAFF and Aiolos may prime CD27+ memory and DN memory-like B cells to become Ab-producing plasmablasts in the presence of BAFF and proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nakayama
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Jolanta Kosek
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Lori Capone
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Eun Mi Hur
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Peter H Schafer
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Garth E Ringheim
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
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118
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Ubillos I, Campo JJ, Requena P, Ome-Kaius M, Hanieh S, Rose H, Samol P, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Bardají A, Mueller I, Menéndez C, Rogerson S, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Chronic Exposure to Malaria Is Associated with Inhibitory and Activation Markers on Atypical Memory B Cells and Marginal Zone-Like B Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:966. [PMID: 28878766 PMCID: PMC5573441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In persistent infections that are accompanied by chronic immune activation, such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and malaria, there is an increased frequency of a phenotypically distinct subset of memory B cells lacking the classic memory marker CD27 and showing a reduced capacity to produce antibodies. However, critical knowledge gaps remain on specific B cell changes and immune adaptation in chronic infections. We hypothesized that expansion of atypical memory B cells (aMBCs) and reduction of activated peripheral marginal zone (MZ)-like B cells in constantly exposed individuals might be accompanied by phenotypic changes that would confer a tolerogenic profile, helping to establish tolerance to infections. To better understand malaria-associated phenotypic abnormalities on B cells, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 55 pregnant women living in a malaria-endemic area of Papua Nueva Guinea and 9 Spanish malaria-naïve individuals using four 11-color flow cytometry panels. We assessed the expression of markers of B cell specificity (IgG and IgM), activation (CD40, CD80, CD86, b220, TACI, and CD150), inhibition (PD1, CD95, and CD71), and migration (CCR3, CXCR3, and CD62l). We found higher frequencies of active and resting aMBC and marked reduction of MZ-like B cells, although changes in absolute cell counts could not be assessed. Highly exposed women had higher PD1+-, CD95+-, CD40+-, CD71+-, and CD80+-activated aMBC frequencies than non-exposed subjects. Malaria exposure increased frequencies of b220 and proapoptotic markers PD1 and CD95, and decreased expression of the activation marker TACI on MZ-like B cells. The increased frequencies of inhibitory and apoptotic markers on activated aMBCs and MZ-like B cells in malaria-exposed adults suggest an immune-homeostatic mechanism for maintaining B cell development and function while simultaneously downregulating hyperreactive B cells. This mechanism would keep the B cell activation threshold high enough to control infection but impaired enough to tolerate it, preventing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Ubillos
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph J. Campo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Pilar Requena
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Ome-Kaius
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Sarah Hanieh
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Honor Rose
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Paula Samol
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Bardají
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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119
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Bennett MS, Trivedi S, Iyer AS, Hale JS, Leung DT. Human mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells possess capacity for B cell help. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1261-1269. [PMID: 28807929 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0317-116r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset, restricted by the nonclassic MHC class I-related protein MR1 and enriched at mucosal sites. Human studies have shown an association between MAIT cells and pathogen-specific antibody responses. In this study, we investigate the effect of human MAIT cells on B cells ex vivo. We found that supernatants from microbe- or cytokine-stimulated MAIT cells, when added to purified autologous B cells, increase frequencies of plasmablasts and promote IgA, IgG, and IgM production. We found effects to be mostly MR1-dependent and that the increases in plasmablasts are likely a result of increased differentiation from memory B cells. Furthermore, microbe-activated MAIT cell supernatant contains multiple cytokines known to stimulate B cells, including IL-6, -10, and -21. This study thus provides the first direct evidence of a newly identified role of MAIT cells in providing help to B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bennett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - Anita S Iyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - J Scott Hale
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and .,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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120
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Zoet GA, Meun C, Benschop L, Boersma E, Budde RPJ, Fauser BCJM, de Groot CJM, van der Lugt A, Maas AHEM, Moons KGM, Roeters van Lennep JE, Roos-Hesselink JW, Steegers EAP, van Rijn BB, Laven JSE, Franx A, Velthuis BK. Cardiovascular RiskprofilE - IMaging and gender-specific disOrders (CREw-IMAGO): rationale and design of a multicenter cohort study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:60. [PMID: 28784118 PMCID: PMC5547459 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Reproductive disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and hypertensive pregnancy disorders (HPD) like pre-eclampsia (PE), are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Detection of early signs of cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as identification of risk factors among women of reproductive age which improve cardiovascular risk prediction, is a challenge and current models might underestimate long-term health risks. The aim of this study is to assess cardiovascular disease in patients with a history of a reproductive disorder by low-dose computed tomography (CT). Methods Women of 45 - 55 years, who experienced a reproductive disorder (PCOS, POI, HPD), are invited to participate in this multicenter, prospective, cohort study. Women will be recruited after regular cardiovascular screening, including assessment of classical cardiovascular risk factors. CT of the coronary arteries (both coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS), and contrast-enhanced coronary CT angiography (CCTA)) and carotid siphon calcium scoring (CSC) is planned in 300 women with HPD and 300 women with PCOS or POI. In addition, arterial stiffness (non-invasive pulse wave velocity (PWV)) measurement and cell-based biomarkers (inflammatory circulating cells) will be obtained. Discussion Initial inclusion is focused on women of 45 - 55 years. However, the age range (40 - 45 years and/or ≥ 55 years) and group composition may be adjusted based on the findings of the interim analysis. Participants can potentially benefit from information obtained in this study concerning their current cardiovascular health and expected future risk of cardiovascular events. The results of this study will provide insights in the development of CVD in women with a history of reproductive disorders. Ultimately, this study may lead to improved cardiovascular prediction models and will provide an opportunity for timely adjustment of preventive strategies. Limitations of this study include the possibility of overdiagnosis and the average radiation dose of 3.5 mSv during coronary and carotid siphon CT, although the increased lifetime malignancy risk is negligible. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register, NTR5531. Date registered: October 21st, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerbrand A Zoet
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3508, AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cindy Meun
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Benschop
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo P J Budde
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart C J M Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christianne J M de Groot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela H E M Maas
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karl G M Moons
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien W Roos-Hesselink
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas B van Rijn
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3508, AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Joop S E Laven
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3508, AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta K Velthuis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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121
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Promise, Progress, and Pitfalls in the Search for Central Nervous System Biomarkers in Neuroimmunological Diseases: A Role for Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunophenotyping. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2017; 24:229-239. [PMID: 29103430 PMCID: PMC5697729 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are central to the translational medicine strategic focus, though strict criteria need to be applied to their designation and utility. They are one of the most promising areas of medical research, but the "biomarker life-cycle" must be understood to avoid false-positive and false-negative results. Molecular biomarkers will revolutionize the treatment of neurological diseases, but the rate of progress depends on a bold, visionary stance by neurologists, as well as scientists, biotech and pharmaceutical industries, funding agencies, and regulators. One important tool in studying cell-specific biomarkers is multiparameter flow cytometry. Cerebrospinal fluid immunophenotyping, or immune phenotypic subsets, captures the biology of intrathecal inflammatory processes, and has the potential to guide personalized immunotherapeutic selection and monitor treatment efficacy. Though data exist for some disorders, they are surprisingly lacking in many others, identifying a serious deficit to be overcome. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping provides a valuable, available, and feasible "window" into both adaptive and innate components of neuroinflammation that is currently underutilized.
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122
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Basha S, Pichichero ME. Decreased TNF family receptor expression on B-cells is associated with reduced humoral responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in young children. Cell Immunol 2017; 320:11-19. [PMID: 28947093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An underdeveloped or impaired immune response in young children is associated with increased susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumonia (Spn) infections. We determined serum antibody titers against 3 Spn vaccine candidate proteins and vaccine serotype polysaccharide antigens in a group of Spn infection prone 9-18months old and found lower IgG antibody titers to all tested antigens compared to age-matched non-infection-prone children. We also found the children had significantly reduced percentages of total memory B-cells, switched memory B-cells and plasma cells. We sought a mechanistic explanation for that result by examination of TNF family receptors (TNFRs) TACI, BCMA, and BAFFR receptor expression on B-cells and found significantly lower BAFFR and TACI expression; significantly lower proliferation of B-cells stimulated with exogenous BAFF; and diminished expression of co-stimulatory receptors B7-1 and B7-2 among infection prone vs. non-prone children. We conclude that lower expression of TNFRs, lower proliferation of B-cells in response to BAFF and lower expression of B7-1 and B7-2 by B-cells may contribute to reduced antibody responses to Spn and consequent infection proneness in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Basha
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
| | - Michael E Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY 14621, USA.
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123
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Appay V, Sauce D. Assessing immune aging in HIV-infected patients. Virulence 2017; 8:529-538. [PMID: 27310730 PMCID: PMC5538339 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1195536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune cell compartments in HIV-infected patients are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These alterations define the immunological age of individuals and are likely to participate to the decline of immune competence with HIV disease progression. It is therefore important to characterize these changes, which point toward the accumulation of highly differentiated immunocompetent cells, associated with overall telomere length shortening, as well as understanding their etiology, especially related to the impact of chronic immune activation. Particular attention should be given to the exhaustion of primary immune resources, including haematopoietic progenitors and naïve cells, which holds the key for effective hematopoiesis and immune response induction, respectively. The alteration of these compartments during HIV infection certainly represents the foundation of the immune parallel with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Center d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- INSERM U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Center d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- INSERM U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
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124
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Bulati M, Caruso C, Colonna-Romano G. From lymphopoiesis to plasma cells differentiation, the age-related modifications of B cell compartment are influenced by "inflamm-ageing". Ageing Res Rev 2017; 36:125-136. [PMID: 28396185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process characterized by a general decline in physiological functions with increasing morbidity and mortality. The most important aspect of ageing is the chronic inflammatory status, named "inflamm-ageing", strictly associated with the deterioration of the immune function, termed "immunosenescence". Both are causes of increased susceptibility of elderly to infectious diseases, cancer, dementia, cardiovascular diseases and autoimmunity, and of a decreased response to vaccination. It has been widely demonstrated that ageing has a strong impact on the remodelling of the B cell branch of immune system. The first evident effect is the significant decrease in circulating B cells, primarily due to the reduction of new B cell coming from bone marrow (BM) progenitors, as inflammation directly impacts on B lymphopoiesis. Besides, in aged individuals, there is a shift from naïve to memory immunoglobulins production, accompanied by the impaired ability to produce high affinity protective antibodies against newly encountered antigens. This is accompanied by the increase of expanded clones of B cells, which correlates with poor health status. Age-related modifications also occur in naïve/memory B cells subsets. Indeed, in the elderly, there is a reduction of naïve B cells, accompanied by the expansion of memory B cells that show a senescence-associated phenotype. Finally, elderly show the impaired ability of memory B cells to differentiate into plasma cells. It can be concluded that inflammation is the leading cause of the age-related impairment of B cell compartment, which play certainly a key role in the development of age-related diseases. This makes study of B cells in the aged an important tool for monitoring immunosenescence, chronic inflammatory disorders and the effectiveness of vaccines or pharmacological therapies.
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125
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Czarnowicki T, Esaki H, Gonzalez J, Renert-Yuval Y, Brunner P, Oliva M, Estrada Y, Xu H, Zheng X, Talasila S, Haugh I, Huynh T, Lyon S, Tran G, Sampson H, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E, Paller AS. Alterations in B-cell subsets in pediatric patients with early atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:134-144.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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126
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Muto K, Matsui N, Unai Y, Sakai W, Haji S, Udaka K, Miki H, Furukawa T, Abe M, Kaji R. Memory B cell resurgence requires repeated rituximab in myasthenia gravis. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:918-922. [PMID: 28694074 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The immunologic effects of rituximab (RTX) in myasthenia gravis (MG) remain to be explored. We aimed to clarify immunologic reactions and their association with response to RTX in MG. Regulatory T cell and B cell profiles of MG patients were monitored. Two patients presenting with generalized MG with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies were treated with RTX. The treatment led to sustained clinical improvement, discontinuation of intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange, and reduction of prednisolone and other drugs. One patient was in remission for more than one year, whereas the other patient exhibited deterioration of symptoms within one year. Disease activity was associated with the repopulation of IgD-CD27- and IgD-CD27+ memory B cells. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility that MG ranges in the duration of B cell depletion and additional RTX should be prescribed upon resurgence of memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Muto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoko Matsui
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Yuki Unai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Waka Sakai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shotaro Haji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kengo Udaka
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Furukawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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127
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Boonpiyathad T, Meyer N, Moniuszko M, Sokolowska M, Eljaszewicz A, Wirz OF, Tomasiak-Lozowska MM, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A, Ruxrungtham K, van de Veen W. High-dose bee venom exposure induces similar tolerogenic B-cell responses in allergic patients and healthy beekeepers. Allergy 2017; 72:407-415. [PMID: 27341567 DOI: 10.1111/all.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of B cells in allergen tolerance induction remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the role of B cells in this process, by comparing B-cell responses in allergic patients before and during allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and naturally exposed healthy beekeepers before and during the beekeeping season. METHODS Circulating B cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Phospholipase A2 (PLA)-specific B cells were identified using dual-color staining with fluorescently labeled PLA. Expression of regulatory B-cell-associated surface markers, interleukin-10, chemokine receptors, and immunoglobulin heavy-chain isotypes, was measured. Specific and total IgG1, IgG4, IgA, and IgE from plasma as well as culture supernatants of PLA-specific cells were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Strikingly, similar responses were observed in allergic patients and beekeepers after venom exposure. Both groups showed increased frequencies of plasmablasts, PLA-specific memory B cells, and IL-10-secreting CD73- CD25+ CD71+ BR 1 cells. Phospholipase A2-specific IgG4-switched memory B cells expanded after bee venom exposure. Interestingly, PLA-specific B cells showed increased CCR5 expression after high-dose allergen exposure while CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR6, and CCR7 expression remained unaffected. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first detailed characterization of allergen-specific B cells before and after bee venom tolerance induction. The observed B-cell responses in both venom immunotherapy-treated patients and naturally exposed beekeepers suggest a similar functional immunoregulatory role for B cells in allergen tolerance in both groups. These findings can be investigated in other AIT models to determine their potential as biomarkers of early and successful AIT responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Boonpiyathad
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
- Department of Medicine; Phramongkutklao Hospital; Bangkok Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE); Davos Switzerland
| | - N. Meyer
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology; University Hospital; Bern Switzerland
| | - M. Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - M. Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
| | - A. Eljaszewicz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - O. F. Wirz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
| | - M. M. Tomasiak-Lozowska
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - A. Bodzenta-Lukaszyk
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - K. Ruxrungtham
- Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - W. van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE); Davos Switzerland
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128
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Phenotyping and auto-antibody production by liver-infiltrating B cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis. J Autoimmun 2017; 77:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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129
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Garnelo M, Tan A, Her Z, Yeong J, Lim CJ, Chen J, Lim KH, Weber A, Chow P, Chung A, Ooi LLPJ, Toh HC, Heikenwalder M, Ng IOL, Nardin A, Chen Q, Abastado JP, Chew V. Interaction between tumour-infiltrating B cells and T cells controls the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2017; 66:342-351. [PMID: 26669617 PMCID: PMC5284473 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nature of the tumour-infiltrating leucocytes (TILs) is known to impact clinical outcome in carcinomas, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of tumour-infiltrating B cells (TIBs) remains controversial. Here, we investigate the impact of TIBs and their interaction with T cells on HCC patient prognosis. DESIGN Tissue samples were obtained from 112 patients with HCC from Singapore, Hong Kong and Zurich and analysed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RNA expression of CD19, CD8A, IFNG was analysed using quantitative PCR. The phenotype of freshly isolated TILs was analysed using flow cytometry. A mouse model depleted of mature B cells was used for functional study. RESULTS Tumour-infiltrating T cells and B cells were observed in close contact with each other and their densities are correlated with superior survival in patients with HCC. Furthermore, the density of TIBs was correlated with an enhanced expression of granzyme B and IFN-γ, as well as with reduced tumour viability defined by low expression of Ki-67, and an enhanced expression of activated caspase-3 on tumour cells. CD27 and CD40 costimulatory molecules and TILs expressing activation marker CD38 in the tumour were also correlated with patient survival. Mice depleted of mature B cells and transplanted with murine hepatoma cells showed reduced tumour control and decreased local T cell activation, further indicating the important role of B cells. CONCLUSIONS The close proximity of tumour-infiltrating T cells and B cells indicates a functional interaction between them that is linked to an enhanced local immune activation and contributes to better prognosis for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garnelo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Alex Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Her
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore,Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun Jye Lim
- SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre (STIIC), Singapore Health Services Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Achim Weber
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierce Chow
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Chung
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - London Lucien PJ Ooi
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Institute of Virology, Technical University München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Irene O L Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alessandra Nardin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore,National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Pierre Abastado
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore,Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Valerie Chew
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre (STIIC), Singapore Health Services Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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130
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Chang WLW, Gonzalez DF, Kieu HT, Castillo LD, Messaoudi I, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Shacklett BL, Barry PA, Sparger EE. Changes in Circulating B Cell Subsets Associated with Aging and Acute SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170154. [PMID: 28095513 PMCID: PMC5240950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and certain viral infections can negatively impact humoral responses in humans. To further develop the nonhuman primate (NHP) model for investigating B cell dynamics in human aging and infectious disease, a flow cytometric panel was developed to characterize circulating rhesus B cell subsets. Significant differences between human and macaque B cells included the proportions of cells within IgD+ and switched memory populations and a prominent CD21-CD27+ unswitched memory population detected only in macaques. We then utilized the expanded panel to analyze B cell alterations associated with aging and acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in the NHP model. In the aging study, distinct patterns of B cell subset frequencies were observed for macaques aged one to five years compared to those between ages 5 and 30 years. In the SIV infection study, B cell frequencies and absolute number were dramatically reduced following acute infection, but recovered within four weeks of infection. Thereafter, the frequencies of activated memory B cells progressively increased; these were significantly correlated with the magnitude of SIV-specific IgG responses, and coincided with impaired maturation of anti-SIV antibody avidity, as previously reported for HIV-1 infection. These observations further validate the NHP model for investigation of mechanisms responsible for B cells alterations associated with immunosenescence and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. L. William Chang
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Denise F. Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hung T. Kieu
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Luis D. Castillo
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara L. Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Barry
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ellen E. Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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131
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Wu GC, Cheung NKV, Georgiou G, Marcotte EM, Ippolito GC. Temporal stability and molecular persistence of the bone marrow plasma cell antibody repertoire. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13838. [PMID: 28000661 PMCID: PMC5187582 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells in human bone marrow (BM) are thought to be responsible for sustaining lifelong immunity, but its underlying basis is controversial. Here we use high-throughput sequence analysis of the same individual across 6.5 years to show that the BM plasma cell immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire is remarkably stable over time. We find a nearly static bias in individual and combinatorial gene usage across time. Analysis of a second donor corroborates these observations. We also report the persistence of numerous BM plasma cell clonotypes (∼2%) identifiable at all points assayed across 6.5 years, supporting a model of serological memory based upon intrinsic longevity of human plasma cells. Donors were adolescents who completely recovered from neuroblastoma prior to the start of this study. Our work will facilitate differentiation between healthy and diseased antibody repertoires, by serving as a point of comparison with future deep-sequencing studies involving immune intervention.
Longevity of antibody responses has been attributed to persistence of plasma cells in mice. Here the authors provide human data in support of this model by immunoglobulin sequencing bone marrow sections from two human donors over 6.5 years to show temporal stability of plasma cell clonotypes, but not other B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Wu
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gregory C Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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132
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Systemic and mucosal immune responses following oral adenoviral delivery of influenza vaccine to the human intestine by radio controlled capsule. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37295. [PMID: 27881837 PMCID: PMC5121599 DOI: 10.1038/srep37295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several benefits of oral immunization including the ability to elicit mucosal immune responses that may protect against pathogens that invade through a mucosal surface. Our understanding of human immune biology is hampered by the difficulty in isolating mucosal cells from humans, and the fact that animal models may or may not completely mirror human intestinal immunobiology. In this human pharmacodynamic study, a novel adenovirus vector-based platform expressing influenza hemagglutinin was explored. We used radio-controlled capsules to deliver the vaccine to either the jejunum or the ileum. The resulting immune responses induced by immunization at each of the intestinal sites were investigated. Both intestinal sites were capable of inducing mucosal and systemic immune responses to influenza hemagglutinin, but ileum delivery induced higher numbers of antibody secreting cells of IgG and IgA isotypes, increased mucosal homing B cells, and higher number of vaccine responders. Overall, these data provided substantial insights into human mucosal inductive sites, and aided in the design and selection of indications that could be used with this oral vaccine platform.
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133
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Takahashi C, Au-Yeung A, Fuh F, Ramirez-Montagut T, Bolen C, Mathews W, O'Gorman WE. Mass cytometry panel optimization through the designed distribution of signal interference. Cytometry A 2016; 91:39-47. [PMID: 27632576 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry is capable of measuring more than 40 distinct proteins on individual cells making it a promising technology for innovating biomarker discovery. However, in order for this potential to be fully realized, best practices in panel design need to be further defined in order to achieve consistency and reproducibility in data analysis. Of particular importance are controls that reveal, and panel design principles that mitigate the effects of signal interference or overlap. We observed a disparity between the staining profiles of two noncompeting anti- integrin β7 mAbs and hypothesized that signal interference was responsible. A mass-minus-one (MMO) control was applied and demonstrated that signal overlap caused the perceived interclonal discrepancy in β7 expression. Panel redesign in consideration of mass-cytometry specific interference dynamics dramatically improved concordance between both mAbs by redistributing background signals caused by overlap. These studies visualize how signal overlap can complicate mass cytometry data interpretation and demonstrate how the rational distribution of interference can greatly improve panel design and data quality. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Takahashi
- OMNI Biomarkers Department, Development Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Amelia Au-Yeung
- OMNI Biomarkers Department, Development Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Franklin Fuh
- OMNI Biomarkers Department, Development Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Teresa Ramirez-Montagut
- OMNI Biomarkers Department, Development Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Chris Bolen
- Bioinformatics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - William Mathews
- OMNI Biomarkers Department, Development Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - William E O'Gorman
- OMNI Biomarkers Department, Development Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, 94080
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134
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Lanzillotta M, Campochiaro C, Trimarchi M, Arrigoni G, Gerevini S, Milani R, Bozzolo E, Biafora M, Venturini E, Cicalese MP, Stone JH, Sabbadini MG, Della-Torre E. Deconstructing IgG4-related disease involvement of midline structures: Comparison to common mimickers. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 27:638-645. [PMID: 27622319 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1227026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A series of destructive and tumefactive lesions of the midline structures have been recently added to the spectrum of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). We examined the clinical, serological, endoscopic, radiological, and histological features that might be of utility in distinguishing IgG4-RD from other forms of inflammatory conditions with the potential to involve the sinonasal area and the oral cavity. METHODS We studied 11 consecutive patients with erosive and/or tumefactive lesions of the midline structures referred to our tertiary care center. All patients underwent serum IgG4 measurement, flow cytometry for circulating plasmablast counts, nasal endoscopy, radiological studies, and histological evaluation of tissue specimens. The histological studies included immunostaining studies to assess the number of IgG4 + plasma cells/HPF for calculation of the IgG4+/IgG + plasma cell ratio. RESULTS Five patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), three with cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL), and three with IgG4-RD were studied. We found no clinical, endoscopic, or radiological findings specific for IgG4-RD. Increased serum IgG4 and plasmablasts levels were not specific for IgG4-RD. Rather, all 11 patients had elevated blood plasmablast concentrations, and several patients with GPA and CIMDL had elevated serum IgG4 levels. Storiform fibrosis and an IgG4+/IgG + plasma cell ratio >20% on histological examination, however, were observed only in patients with IgG4-RD. CONCLUSIONS Histological examination of bioptic samples from the sinonasal area and oral cavity represents the mainstay for the diagnosis of IgG4-RD involvement of the midline structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lanzillotta
- a Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.,b Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- a Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.,b Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
| | - Matteo Trimarchi
- b Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.,c Department of Otorhinolaryngology , IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Gianluigi Arrigoni
- d Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Simonetta Gerevini
- e Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Raffaella Milani
- f Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit , IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Enrica Bozzolo
- a Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
| | - Matteo Biafora
- b Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.,c Department of Otorhinolaryngology , IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Elena Venturini
- b Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.,e Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- g San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET) , Milan , Italy.,h Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy , and
| | - John H Stone
- i Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Maria Grazia Sabbadini
- a Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.,b Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
| | - Emanuel Della-Torre
- a Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.,b Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
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135
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The role of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in the Tregs-amplifying effect of Sirolimus. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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136
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Jangalwe S, Shultz LD, Mathew A, Brehm MA. Improved B cell development in humanized NOD -scid IL2Rγnull mice transgenically expressing human stem cell factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2016; 4:427-440. [PMID: 27980777 PMCID: PMC5134721 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Immunodeficient mice engrafted with human immune systems support studies of human hematopoiesis and the immune response to human‐specific pathogens. A significant limitation of these humanized mouse models is, however, a severely restricted ability of human B cells to undergo class switching and produce antigen‐specific IgG after infection or immunization. Methods In this study, we have characterized the development and function of human B cells in NOD‐scid IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice transgenically expressing human stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), and IL‐3 (NSG‐SGM3) following engraftment with human hematopoietic stem cells, autologous fetal liver, and thymic tissues (bone marrow, liver, thymus or BLT model). The NSG‐SGM3 BLT mice engraft rapidly with human immune cells and develop T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells. Results A higher proportion of human B cells developing in NSG‐SGM3 BLT mice had a mature/naive phenotype with a corresponding decrease in immature/transitional human B cells as compared to NSG BLT mice. In addition, NSG‐SGM3 BLT mice have higher basal levels of human IgM and IgG as compared with NSG BLT mice. Moreover, dengue virus infection of NSG‐SGM3 BLT mice generated higher levels of antigen‐specific IgM and IgG, a result not observed in NSG BLT mice. Conclusions Our studies suggest that NSG‐SGM3 BLT mice show improved human B cell development and permit the generation of antigen‐specific antibody responses to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Jangalwe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence™ University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | | | - Anuja Mathew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology University of Rhode Island Providence Rhode Island 02903 USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence™ University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
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137
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Lin Y, Kim J, Metter EJ, Nguyen H, Truong T, Lustig A, Ferrucci L, Weng NP. Changes in blood lymphocyte numbers with age in vivo and their association with the levels of cytokines/cytokine receptors. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2016; 13:24. [PMID: 27547234 PMCID: PMC4990976 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Alterations in the number and composition of lymphocytes and their subsets in blood are considered a hallmark of immune system aging. However, it is unknown whether the rates of change of lymphocytes are stable or change with age, or whether the inter-individual variations of lymphocyte composition are stable over time or undergo different rates of change at different ages. Here, we report a longitudinal analysis of T- and B-cells and their subsets, and NK cells in the blood of 165 subjects aged from 24 to 90 years, with each subject assessed at baseline and an average of 5.6 years follow-up. Results The rates of change of T-(CD4+ and CD8+) and B-cells, and NK cells were relative stable throughout the adult life. A great degree of individual variations in numbers of lymphocytes and their subsets and in the rates of their changes with age was observed. Among them, CD4+ T cells exhibited the highest degree of individual variation followed by NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells. Different types of lymphocytes had distinct trends in their rates of change which did not appear to be influenced by CMV infection. Finally, the rates of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, naive CD4+ and naïve CD8+ T cells were closely positively correlated. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that the age-associated changes in circulating lymphocytes were at relative stable rates in vivo in a highly individualized manner and the levels of selected cytokines/cytokine receptors in serum might influence these age-associated changes of lymphocytes in circulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-016-0079-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Jiewan Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - E Jeffrey Metter
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38111 USA
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Thai Truong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Ana Lustig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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138
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Claus M, Dychus N, Ebel M, Damaschke J, Maydych V, Wolf OT, Kleinsorge T, Watzl C. Measuring the immune system: a comprehensive approach for the analysis of immune functions in humans. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2481-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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139
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Krishnamurty AT, Thouvenel CD, Portugal S, Keitany GJ, Kim KS, Holder A, Crompton PD, Rawlings DJ, Pepper M. Somatically Hypermutated Plasmodium-Specific IgM(+) Memory B Cells Are Rapid, Plastic, Early Responders upon Malaria Rechallenge. Immunity 2016; 45:402-14. [PMID: 27473412 PMCID: PMC5118370 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity consists of pre-existing antibodies expressed by long-lived plasma cells and rapidly reactive memory B cells (MBC). Recent studies of MBC development and function after protein immunization have uncovered significant MBC heterogeneity. To clarify functional roles for distinct MBC subsets during malaria infection, we generated tetramers that identify Plasmodium-specific MBCs in both humans and mice. Long-lived murine Plasmodium-specific MBCs consisted of three populations: somatically hypermutated immunoglobulin M(+) (IgM(+)) and IgG(+) MBC subsets and an unmutated IgD(+) MBC population. Rechallenge experiments revealed that high affinity, somatically hypermutated Plasmodium-specific IgM(+) MBCs proliferated and gave rise to antibody-secreting cells that dominated the early secondary response to parasite rechallenge. IgM(+) MBCs also gave rise to T cell-dependent IgM(+) and IgG(+)B220(+)CD138(+) plasmablasts or T cell-independent B220(-)CD138(+) IgM(+) plasma cells. Thus, even in competition with IgG(+) MBCs, IgM(+) MBCs are rapid, plastic, early responders to a secondary Plasmodium rechallenge and should be targeted by vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay T Krishnamurty
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christopher D Thouvenel
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Silvia Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gladys J Keitany
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Karen S Kim
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anthony Holder
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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140
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Piepenbrink MS, Samuel M, Zheng B, Carter B, Fucile C, Bunce C, Kiebala M, Khan AA, Thakar J, Maggirwar SB, Morse D, Rosenberg AF, Haughey NJ, Valenti W, Keefer MC, Kobie JJ. Humoral Dysregulation Associated with Increased Systemic Inflammation among Injection Heroin Users. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158641. [PMID: 27379802 PMCID: PMC4933366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Injection drug use is a growing major public health concern. Injection drug users (IDUs) have a higher incidence of co-morbidities including HIV, Hepatitis, and other infections. An effective humoral response is critical for optimal homeostasis and protection from infection; however, the impact of injection heroin use on humoral immunity is poorly understood. We hypothesized that IDUs have altered B cell and antibody profiles. Methods and Findings A comprehensive systems biology-based cross-sectional assessment of 130 peripheral blood B cell flow cytometry- and plasma- based features was performed on HIV-/Hepatitis C-, active heroin IDUs who participated in a syringe exchange program (n = 19) and healthy control subjects (n = 19). The IDU group had substantial polydrug use, with 89% reporting cocaine injection within the preceding month. IDUs exhibited a significant, 2-fold increase in total B cells compared to healthy subjects, which was associated with increased activated B cell subsets. Although plasma total IgG titers were similar between groups, IDUs had significantly higher IgG3 and IgG4, suggestive of chronic B cell activation. Total IgM was also increased in IDUs, as well as HIV Envelope-specific IgM, suggestive of increased HIV exposure. IDUs exhibited numerous features suggestive of systemic inflammation, including significantly increased plasma sCD40L, TNF-α, TGF-α, IL-8, and ceramide metabolites. Machine learning multivariate analysis distilled a set of 10 features that classified samples based on group with absolute accuracy. Conclusions These results demonstrate broad alterations in the steady-state humoral profile of IDUs that are associated with increased systemic inflammation. Such dysregulation may impact the ability of IDUs to generate optimal responses to vaccination and infection, or lead to increased risk for inflammation-related co-morbidities, and should be considered when developing immune-based interventions for this growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Piepenbrink
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Memorie Samuel
- School of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Bo Zheng
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Brittany Carter
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Christopher Fucile
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Catherine Bunce
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Michelle Kiebala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Atif A. Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Diane Morse
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - William Valenti
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Trillium Health, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Keefer
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - James J. Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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141
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Heeringa JJ, Hajdarbegovic E, Thio HB, van Zelm MC. Systemic B-cell abnormalities in patients with atopic dermatitis? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:317-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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142
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DeKosky BJ, Lungu OI, Park D, Johnson EL, Charab W, Chrysostomou C, Kuroda D, Ellington AD, Ippolito GC, Gray JJ, Georgiou G. Large-scale sequence and structural comparisons of human naive and antigen-experienced antibody repertoires. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2636-45. [PMID: 27114511 PMCID: PMC4868480 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525510113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how antigen exposure and selection shape the human antibody repertoire is fundamental to our understanding of B-cell immunity. We sequenced the paired heavy- and light-chain variable regions (VH and VL, respectively) from large populations of single B cells combined with computational modeling of antibody structures to evaluate sequence and structural features of human antibody repertoires at unprecedented depth. Analysis of a dataset comprising 55,000 antibody clusters from CD19(+)CD20(+)CD27(-) IgM-naive B cells, >120,000 antibody clusters from CD19(+)CD20(+)CD27(+) antigen-experienced B cells, and >2,000 RosettaAntibody-predicted structural models across three healthy donors led to a number of key findings: (i) VH and VL gene sequences pair in a combinatorial fashion without detectable pairing restrictions at the population level; (ii) certain VH:VL gene pairs were significantly enriched or depleted in the antigen-experienced repertoire relative to the naive repertoire; (iii) antigen selection increased antibody paratope net charge and solvent-accessible surface area; and (iv) public heavy-chain third complementarity-determining region (CDR-H3) antibodies in the antigen-experienced repertoire showed signs of convergent paired light-chain genetic signatures, including shared light-chain third complementarity-determining region (CDR-L3) amino acid sequences and/or Vκ,λ-Jκ,λ genes. The data reported here address several longstanding questions regarding antibody repertoire selection and development and provide a benchmark for future repertoire-scale analyses of antibody responses to vaccination and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Oana I Lungu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Daechan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Erik L Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Wissam Charab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | | | - Daisuke Kuroda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Gregory C Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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143
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Pejoski D, Tchitchek N, Rodriguez Pozo A, Elhmouzi-Younes J, Yousfi-Bogniaho R, Rogez-Kreuz C, Clayette P, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Lévy Y, Cosma A, Le Grand R, Beignon AS. Identification of Vaccine-Altered Circulating B Cell Phenotypes Using Mass Cytometry and a Two-Step Clustering Analysis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4814-31. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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144
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Czarnowicki T, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Reply. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:318-320. [PMID: 27068246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Dermatology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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145
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Chasset F, de Masson A, Le Buanec H, Xhaard A, de Fontbrune FS, Robin M, Rybojad M, Parquet N, Brignier AC, Coman T, Bengoufa D, Bergeron A, Peffault de Latour R, Bagot M, Bensussan A, Socié G, Bouaziz JD. APRIL levels are associated with disease activity in human chronic graft-versus-host disease. Haematologica 2016; 101:e312-5. [PMID: 26992945 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.145409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- François Chasset
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Adèle de Masson
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Hélène Le Buanec
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Aliénor Xhaard
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Flore Sicre de Fontbrune
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Marie Robin
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Michel Rybojad
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Nathalie Parquet
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris Therapeutic Apheresis Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Anne C Brignier
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris Therapeutic Apheresis Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Tereza Coman
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Djaouida Bengoufa
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Immunobiology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Anne Bergeron
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Pneumology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Régis Peffault de Latour
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Martine Bagot
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Gérard Socié
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris INSERM and UMRS1160, France
| | - Jean-David Bouaziz
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
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146
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Meffre E, Louie A, Bannock J, Kim LJY, Ho J, Frear CC, Kardava L, Wang W, Buckner CM, Wang Y, Fankuchen OR, Gittens KR, Chun TW, Li Y, Fauci AS, Moir S. Maturational characteristics of HIV-specific antibodies in viremic individuals. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27152362 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.84610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rare appearance of potent HIV-neutralizing mAbs in infected individuals requiring prolonged affinity maturation, little is known regarding this process in the majority of viremic individuals. HIV-infected individuals with chronic HIV viremia have elevated numbers of nonconventional tissue-like memory (TLM) B cells that predominate in blood over conventional resting memory (RM) B cells. Accordingly, we investigated affinity maturation in these 2 memory B cell populations. Analysis of IgG-expressing TLM B cells revealed a higher number of cell divisions compared with RM B cells; however, TLM B cells paradoxically displayed significantly lower frequencies of somatic hypermutation (SHM). To assess Ab reactivity in TLM and RM B cells, single-cell cloning was performed on HIV envelope CD4-binding site-sorted (CD4bs-sorted) B cells from 3 individuals with chronic HIV viremia. Several clonal families were present among the 127 cloned recombinant mAbs, with evidence of crosstalk between TLM and RM B cell populations that was largely restricted to non-VH4 families. Despite evidence of common origins, SHM frequencies were significantly decreased in TLM-derived mAbs compared with SHM frequencies in RM-derived mAbs. However, both cell populations had lower frequencies of SHMs than did broadly neutralizing CD4bs-specific mAbs. There was a significant correlation between SHM frequencies and the HIV-neutralizing capacities of the mAbs. Furthermore, HIV neutralization was significantly higher in the RM-derived mAbs compared with that seen in the TLM-derived mAbs, and both SHM frequencies and neutralizing capacity were lowest in TLM-derived mAbs with high polyreactivity. Thus, deficiencies in memory B cells that arise during chronic HIV viremia provide insight into the inadequacy of the Ab response in viremic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aaron Louie
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Bannock
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Ho
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cody C Frear
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clarisa M Buckner
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Olivia R Fankuchen
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuxing Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA; Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony S Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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147
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Sullivan RT, Ssewanyana I, Wamala S, Nankya F, Jagannathan P, Tappero JW, Mayanja-Kizza H, Muhindo MK, Arinaitwe E, Kamya M, Dorsey G, Feeney ME, Riley EM, Drakeley CJ, Greenhouse B, Sullivan R. B cell sub-types following acute malaria and associations with clinical immunity. Malar J 2016; 15:139. [PMID: 26939776 PMCID: PMC4778296 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated exposure to Plasmodium falciparum is associated with perturbations in B cell sub-set homeostasis, including expansion atypical memory B cells. However, B cell perturbations immediately following acute malaria infection have been poorly characterized, especially with regard to their relationship with immunity to malaria. METHODS To better understand the kinetics of B cell sub-sets following malaria, the proportions of six B cell sub-sets were assessed at five time points following acute malaria in four to 5 years old children living in a high transmission region of Uganda. B cell sub-set kinetics were compared with measures of clinical immunity to malaria-lower parasite density at the time of malaria diagnosis and recent asymptomatic parasitaemia. RESULTS Atypical memory B cell and transitional B cell proportions increased following malaria. In contrast, plasmablast proportions were highest at the time of malaria diagnosis and rapidly declined following treatment. Increased proportions of atypical memory B cells were associated with greater immunity to malaria, whereas increased proportions of transitional B cells were associated with evidence of less immunity to malaria. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the dynamic changes in multiple B cell sub-sets following acute, uncomplicated malaria, and how these sub-sets are associated with developing immunity to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Tororo, Uganda. .,Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Samuel Wamala
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Tororo, Uganda.
| | | | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
| | | | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Tororo, Uganda. .,Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Mary K Muhindo
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Tororo, Uganda.
| | | | - Moses Kamya
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Tororo, Uganda. .,Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Chris J Drakeley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
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148
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Mensah F, Bansal A, Berkovitz S, Sharma A, Reddy V, Leandro MJ, Cambridge G. Extended B cell phenotype in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 184:237-47. [PMID: 26646713 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a heterogeneous condition of unknown aetiology characterized by multiple symptoms including fatigue, post-exertional malaise and cognitive impairment, lasting for at least 6 months. Recently, two clinical trials of B cell depletion therapy with rituximab (anti-CD20) reported convincing improvement in symptoms. A possible but undefined role for B cells has therefore been proposed. Studies of the relative percentages of B cell subsets in patients with ME/CFS have not revealed any reproducible differences from healthy controls (HC). In order to explore whether more subtle alterations in B cell subsets related to B cell differentiation exist in ME/CFS patients we used flow cytometry to immunophenotype CD19⁺ B cells. The panel utilized immunoglobulin (Ig)D, CD27 and CD38 (classical B cell subsets) together with additional markers. A total of 38 patients fulfilling Canadian, Centre for Disease Control and Fukuda ME/CFS criteria and 32 age- and sex-matched HC were included. We found no difference in percentages of classical subsets between ME/CFS patients and HC. However, we observed an increase in frequency (P < 0·01) and expression (MFI; P = 0·03) of CD24 on total B cells, confined to IgD⁺ subsets. Within memory subsets, a higher frequency of CD21⁺ CD38⁻ B cells (> 20%) was associated with the presence of ME/CFS [odds ratio: 3·47 (1·15-10·46); P = 0·03] compared with HC, and there was a negative correlation with disease duration. In conclusion, we identified possible changes in B cell phenotype in patients with ME/CFS. These may reflect altered B cell function and, if confirmed in other patient cohorts, could provide a platform for studies based on clinical course or responsiveness to rituximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mensah
- Department of Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College of London
| | - A Bansal
- Department of Immunology, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - S Berkovitz
- Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital of Integrated Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College of London
| | - V Reddy
- Department of Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College of London
| | - M J Leandro
- Department of Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College of London
| | - G Cambridge
- Department of Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College of London
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149
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Rashan AR, Goshn E, Peterson A, Yang Y, Phillips M, Sahaf B, Herzenberg L, Nayak JV. Characterization of immunoglobulin E plasma cells that are elevated in the upper airway mucosa of nonatopic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 6:378-84. [PMID: 26878990 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunologic mechanisms driving inflammation in the upper airways of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that B cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are elevated in the nasal tissue of patients with atopic chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). However, less is known regarding B cell subsets and IgE-producing plasmablasts in nonatopic CRSsNP patients. METHODS Human blood and ethmoid sinus mucosa samples were analyzed from control (n = 6) and nonatopic CRSsNP (n = 11) patients. Tissue samples were evaluated using high-dimensional flow cytometry. RESULTS A population of IgE antibody secreting cells is significantly increased in situ within inflamed nasal tissue of nonatopic CRSsNP subjects when compared to control nasal tissue and the circulating peripheral blood (p < 0.05). This IgE plasma cell population displays ∼90% cell surface Ig lambda light chain, is mitotically active (Ki-67(+)), and displays intracellular IgE expression. The predominant B cell population expressing IgE are plasmablasts (CD38(high), CD138(-)) not typically found in the blood or peripheral tissue of these patients. CONCLUSION The nasal mucosa from nonatopic CRSsNP patients demonstrate a significant regional spike in resident in situ IgE plasmablast cells not seen in control nasal tissue or peripheral blood from the same patient. The restricted expression of Ig lambda light chain in this mitotically active IgE plasmablast population supports the hypothesis of aberrant B cell proliferation in the context of CRS. These findings suggest the presence of a unique regional immune microenvironment for B cell priming and/or selection within chronically inflamed airway tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R Rashan
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Eliver Goshn
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Asa Peterson
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Meghan Phillips
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Bita Sahaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Leonore Herzenberg
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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150
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Diverse activation and differentiation of multiple B-cell subsets in patients with atopic dermatitis but not in patients with psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:118-129.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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