101
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Draft Genome Sequence of Phytopathogenic Fungus
Fusarium fujikuroi
CF-295141, Isolated from
Pinus sylvestris. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/5/e01164-16. [PMID: 27795279 PMCID: PMC5073266 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01164-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a new strain of
Fusarium fujikuroi
, isolated from
Pinus sylvestris
, which was also found to produce the mycotoxin beauvericin. The Illumina-based sequence analysis revealed an approximate genome size of 44.2 Mbp, containing 164 secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters.
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102
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Singh D, Son SY, Lee CH. Perplexing Metabolomes in Fungal-Insect Trophic Interactions: A Terra Incognita of Mycobiocontrol Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1678. [PMID: 27807434 PMCID: PMC5069422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophic interactions of entomopathogenic fungi in different ecological niches viz., soil, plants, or insect themselves are effectively regulated by their maneuvered metabolomes and the plethora of metabotypes. In this article, we discuss a holistic framework of co-evolutionary metabolomes and metabotypes to model the interactions of biocontrol fungi especially with mycosed insects. Conventionally, the studies involving fungal biocontrol mechanisms are reported in the context of much aggrandized fungal entomotoxins while the adaptive response mechanisms of host insects are relatively overlooked. The present review asserts that the selective pressure exerted among the competing or interacting species drives alterations in their overall metabolomes which ultimately implicates in corresponding metabotypes. Quintessentially, metabolomics offers a most generic and tractable model to assess the fungal-insect antagonism in terms of interaction biomarkers, biosynthetic pathway plasticity, and their co-evolutionary defense. The fungi chiefly rely on a battery of entomotoxins viz., secondary metabolites falling in the categories of NRP's (non-ribosomal peptides), PK's (polyketides), lysine derive alkaloids, and terpenoids. On the contrary, insects overcome mycosis through employing different layers of immunity manifested as altered metabotypes (phenoloxidase activity) and overall metabolomes viz., carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, amino acids, and eicosanoids. Here, we discuss the recent findings within conventional premise of fungal entomotoxicity and the evolution of truculent immune response among host insect. The metabolomic frameworks for fungal-insect interaction can potentially transmogrify our current comprehensions of biocontrol mechanisms to develop the hypervirulent biocontrol strains with least environmental concerns. Moreover, the interaction metabolomics (interactome) in complementation with other -omics cascades could further be applied to address the fundamental bottlenecks of adaptive co-evolution among biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Y Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong H Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University Seoul, South Korea
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103
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Yoshinari T, Suzuki Y, Sugita-Konishi Y, Ohnishi T, Terajima J. Occurrence of beauvericin and enniatins in wheat flour and corn grits on the Japanese market, and their co-contamination with type B trichothecene mycotoxins. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1620-1626. [PMID: 27579623 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1228126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The contamination levels of beauvericin and four enniatins, A, A1, B and B1, in 207 samples of wheat flour and corn grits on the Japanese market were determined by an analytical method based on LC-MS/MS. The toxins were extracted from samples with acetonitrile-water (85:15, v/v) and then purified with C18 cartridges. The method was validated in a single laboratory using spiked samples at two levels; the recovery of the five toxins ranged from 91.1% to 113.8%. Enniatin B was frequently detected in imported wheat flour (81.8%) and domestic wheat flour (85.6%), and the highest concentration of enniatin B was present in a domestic wheat sample (633 μg kg-1). In corn grits, beauvericin was found in 34% of the samples, but enniatins were not detected at all. The maximum concentration of beauvericin in corn grits was 26.1 μg kg-1. Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the same samples were determined by a method using an immunoaffinity column. Co-contamination of deoxynivalenol and enniatins was observed in 61% of the imported wheat samples and in 58% of the domestic wheat samples. These results suggest the need for a risk assessment for cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins in Japan and a study on the synergistic effect of deoxynivalenol and enniatins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuiko Suzuki
- b Department of Food and Life Science , Azabu University , Kanagawa , Japan
| | | | | | - Jun Terajima
- a National Institute of Health Sciences , Tokyo , Japan
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104
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Shekhar-Guturja T, Gunaherath GMKB, Wijeratne EMK, Lambert JP, Averette AF, Lee SC, Kim T, Bahn YS, Tripodi F, Ammar R, Döhl K, Niewola-Staszkowska K, Schmitt L, Loewith RJ, Roth FP, Sanglard D, Andes D, Nislow C, Coccetti P, Gingras AC, Heitman J, Gunatilaka AAL, Cowen LE. Dual action antifungal small molecule modulates multidrug efflux and TOR signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:867-75. [PMID: 27571477 PMCID: PMC5030160 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new strategies to treat invasive fungal infections, which are a leading cause of human mortality. Here, we establish two activities of the natural product beauvericin, which potentiates the activity of the most widely deployed class of antifungal against the leading human fungal pathogens, blocks the emergence of drug resistance, and renders antifungal-resistant pathogens responsive to treatment in mammalian infection models. Harnessing genome sequencing of beauvericin-resistant mutants, affinity purification of a biotinylated beauvericin analog, and biochemical and genetic assays reveals that beauvericin blocks multidrug efflux and inhibits the global regulator TORC1 kinase, thereby activating the protein kinase CK2 and inhibiting the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Substitutions in the multidrug transporter Pdr5 that enable beauvericin efflux impair antifungal efflux, thereby impeding resistance to the drug combination. Thus, dual targeting of multidrug efflux and TOR signaling provides a powerful, broadly effective therapeutic strategy for treating fungal infectious disease that evades resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G M Kamal B Gunaherath
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna F Averette
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Taeyup Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Farida Tripodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca and SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ron Ammar
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katja Döhl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Robbie J Loewith
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederick P Roth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominique Sanglard
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Corey Nislow
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca and SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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105
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Gnavi G, Palma Esposito F, Festa C, Poli A, Tedesco P, Fani R, Monti MC, de Pascale D, D'Auria MV, Varese GC. The antimicrobial potential of algicolous marine fungi for counteracting multidrug-resistant bacteria: phylogenetic diversity and chemical profiling. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:492-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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106
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Taevernier L, Veryser L, Roche N, Peremans K, Burvenich C, Delesalle C, De Spiegeleer B. Human skin permeation of emerging mycotoxins (beauvericin and enniatins). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:277-287. [PMID: 25757886 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, dermal exposure data of cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins are completely absent. There is a lack of understanding about the local skin and systemic kinetics and effects, despite their widespread skin contact and intrinsic hazard. Therefore, we provide a quantitative characterisation of their dermal kinetics. The emerging mycotoxins enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) were used as model compounds and their transdermal kinetics were quantitatively evaluated, using intact and damaged human skin in an in vitro Franz diffusion cell set-up and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS analytics. We demonstrated that all investigated mycotoxins are able to penetrate through the skin. ENN B showed the highest permeation (kp,v=9.44 × 10(-6) cm/h), whereas BEA showed the lowest (kp,v=2.35 × 10(-6) cm/h) and the other ENNs ranging in between. Combining these values with experimentally determined solubility data, Jmax values ranging from 0.02 to 0.35 μg/(cm(2) h) for intact skin and from 0.07 to 1.11 μg/(cm(2) h) for damaged skin were obtained. These were used to determine the daily dermal exposure (DDE) in a worst-case scenario. On the other hand, DDE's for a typical occupational scenario were calculated based on real-life mycotoxin concentrations for the industrial exposure of food-related workers. In the latter case, for contact with intact human skin, DDE's up to 0.0870 ng/(kg BW × day) for ENN A were calculated, whereas for impaired skin barrier this can even rise up to 0.3209 ng/(kg BW × day) for ENN B1. This knowledge is needed for the risk assessment after skin exposure of contaminated food, feed, indoor surfaces and airborne particles with mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Taevernier
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieselotte Veryser
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Roche
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Catherine Delesalle
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
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107
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Risks of Mycotoxins from Mycoinsecticides to Humans. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3194321. [PMID: 27144161 PMCID: PMC4842051 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3194321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are more than thirty mycotoxins produced by fungal entomopathogens. Totally, they belong to two classes, NRP and PK mycotoxins. Most of mycotoxins have not been paid sufficient attention yet. Generally, mycotoxins do not exist in mycoinsecticide and might not be released to environments unless entomogenous fungus proliferates and produces mycotoxins in host insects or probably in plants. Some mycotoxins, destruxins as an example, are decomposed in host insects before they, with the insect's cadavers together, are released to environments. Many species of fungal entomopathogens have the endophytic characteristics. But we do not know if fungal entomopathogens produce mycotoxins in plants and release them to environments. On the contrary, the same mycotoxins produced by phytopathogens such as Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. have been paid enough concerns. In conclusion, mycotoxins from mycoinsecticides have limited ways to enter environments. The risks of mycotoxins from mycoinsecticides contaminating foods are controllable.
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108
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Taevernier L, Wynendaele E, De Vreese L, Burvenich C, De Spiegeleer B. The mycotoxin definition reconsidered towards fungal cyclic depsipeptides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:114-135. [PMID: 26963720 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1164561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, next to the major classes, cyclic depsipeptides beauvericin and enniatins are also positioned as mycotoxins. However, as there are hundreds more fungal cyclic depsipeptides already identified, should these not be considered as mycotoxins as well? The current status of the mycotoxin definition revealed a lack of consistency, leading to confusion about what compounds should be called mycotoxins. Because this is of pivotal importance in risk assessment prioritization, a clear and quantitatively expressed mycotoxin definition is proposed, based on data of widely accepted mycotoxins. Finally, this definition is applied to a set of fungal cyclic depsipeptides, revealing that some of these should indeed be considered as mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Taevernier
- a Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- a Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Leen De Vreese
- b Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- c Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- a Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
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109
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Barelli L, Moonjely S, Behie SW, Bidochka MJ. Fungi with multifunctional lifestyles: endophytic insect pathogenic fungi. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:657-664. [PMID: 26644135 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the symbiotic, evolutionary, proteomic and genetic basis for a group of fungi that occupy a specialized niche as insect pathogens as well as endophytes. We focus primarily on species in the genera Metarhizium and Beauveria, traditionally recognized as insect pathogenic fungi but are also found as plant symbionts. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that these fungi are more closely related to grass endophytes and diverged from that lineage ca. 100 MYA. We explore how the dual life cycles of these fungi as insect pathogens and endophytes are coupled. We discuss the evolution of insect pathogenesis while maintaining an endophytic lifestyle and provide examples of genes that may be involved in the transition toward insect pathogenicity. That is, some genes for insect pathogenesis may have been co-opted from genes involved in endophytic colonization. Other genes may be multifunctional and serve in both lifestyle capacities. We suggest that their evolution as insect pathogens allowed them to effectively barter a specialized nitrogen source (i.e. insects) with host plants for photosynthate. These ubiquitous fungi may play an important role as plant growth promoters and have a potential reservoir of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Barelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Soumya Moonjely
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Scott W Behie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Michael J Bidochka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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110
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Beemelmanns C, Guo H, Rischer M, Poulsen M. Natural products from microbes associated with insects. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:314-27. [PMID: 26977191 PMCID: PMC4778507 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we review discoveries of secondary metabolites from microbes associated with insects. We mainly focus on natural products, where the ecological role has been at least partially elucidated, and/or the pharmaceutical properties evaluated, and on compounds with unique structural features. We demonstrate that the exploration of specific microbial–host interactions, in combination with multidisciplinary dereplication processes, has emerged as a successful strategy to identify novel chemical entities and to shed light on the ecology and evolution of defensive associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maja Rischer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Centre for Social Evolution, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
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111
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Moonjely S, Barelli L, Bidochka MJ. Insect Pathogenic Fungi as Endophytes. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2016; 94:107-35. [PMID: 27131324 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we explore some of the evolutionary, ecological, molecular genetics, and applied aspects of a subset of insect pathogenic fungi that also have a lifestyle as endophytes and we term endophytic insect pathogenic fungi (EIPF). We focus particularly on Metarhizium spp. and Beauveria bassiana as EIPF. The discussion of the evolution of EIPF challenges a view that these fungi were first and foremost insect pathogens that eventually evolved to colonize plants. Phylogenetic evidence shows that the lineages of EIPF are most closely related to grass endophytes that diverged c. 100MYA. We discuss the relationship between genes involved in "insect pathogenesis" and those involved in "endophytism" and provide examples of genes with potential importance in lifestyle transitions toward insect pathogenicity. That is, some genes for insect pathogenesis may have been coopted from genes involved in endophytic colonization. Other genes may be multifunctional and serve in both lifestyle capacities. The interactions of EIPF with their host plants are discussed in some detail. The genetic basis for rhizospheric competence, plant communication, and nutrient exchange is examined and we highlight, with examples, the benefits of EIPF to plants, and the potential reservoir of secondary metabolites hidden within these beneficial symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moonjely
- Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - L Barelli
- Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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112
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Physiological and Molecular Signalling Involved in Disease Management Through Trichoderma: An Effective Biocontrol Paradigm. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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113
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Žužek MC, Grandič M, Jakovac Strajn B, Frangež R. Beauvericin Inhibits Neuromuscular Transmission and Skeletal Muscle Contractility in Mouse Hemidiaphragm Preparation. Toxicol Sci 2015; 150:283-91. [PMID: 26719372 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Beauvericin (BEA) produced by the fungusBeauveria bassianaandFusariumsp. on neuromuscular transmission and contractility were determined in an isolated neuromuscular mouse hemidiaphragm preparation. BEA (5 µM) significantly inhibits indirectly elicited twitch amplitude. At higher concentrations (7.5 and 10 µM), BEA produces a significant reduction of directly elicited, or complete block of indirectly evoked, muscle contraction. BEA also appears to be myotoxic, as indicated by a slowly developing muscle contracture. Development of neuromuscular blockade and contracture is concentration dependent. BEA acted by presynaptically depressing spontaneous acetylcholine release as indicated by the reduction in the frequency of spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs), while the membrane potential of muscle fibers remained unchanged. At higher concentrations (7.5 and 10 µM), BEA progressively reduces or completely blocks MEPPs and EPPs amplitudes. Changes in MEPPs and EPPs are associated with substantial depolarization of muscle fibers when exposed to 7.5 and 10 µM of BEA. These results indicate that BEA has neurotoxic and myotoxic effects, which overlap in a narrow range of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cecilija Žužek
- *Institute for physiology, pharmacology and toxicology, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; and
| | - Marjana Grandič
- Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Cesta v Mestni log 47, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Breda Jakovac Strajn
- Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Cesta v Mestni log 47, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Frangež
- *Institute for physiology, pharmacology and toxicology, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; and
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114
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Tian T, Yang M, Zhao Z, Luan Y, Tang X, Zhu M, Liu Y. Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Ketoconazole and Beauvericin in Pharmaceutical Tablets. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:361-6. [PMID: 26486149 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of ketoconazole (KCZ) and beauvericin (BEA) as well as their degradation products in the combination tablets. KCZ is a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal agent with the risk of hepatoxicity. However, it was found that the combined use of KCZ and BEA in their low dose had not only maintained the antifungal activity of KCZ but also significantly reduced the liver toxicity. The method development was started from forced degradation studies including acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal and photolytic degradations in the solution mixtures of KCZ and BEA. The forced degradation study results indicate that hydrolysis and oxidation were the major degradation pathways for KCZ while BEA mainly decomposed under basic hydrolytic condition. The newly developed HPLC method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limits of detection and quantification and robustness. The method validation results indicate that the new HPLC method could be successfully applied in the simultaneous detection and quantitation of KCZ and BEA and their degradation products. For example, the accuracy and the precision of the method were determined by a recovery study at 80, 100 and 120% of the tablet dosage levels. The recovery was found to be 99.6-100.2 for both analytes with a relative standard deviation of no more than 1.2% (n = 5) at any concentration level. This new method can be used for further development of various KCZ and BEA combination drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Meihua Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
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Short-term heat shock affects the course of immune response in Galleria mellonella naturally infected with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 130:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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116
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Nichea MJ, Palacios SA, Chiacchiera SM, Sulyok M, Krska R, Chulze SN, Torres AM, Ramirez ML. Presence of Multiple Mycotoxins and Other Fungal Metabolites in Native Grasses from a Wetland Ecosystem in Argentina Intended for Grazing Cattle. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:3309-29. [PMID: 26308052 PMCID: PMC4549752 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7083309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of several fungal metabolites, including mycotoxins in natural grasses (Poaceae) intended for grazing cattle. A total number of 72 and 77 different metabolites were detected on 106 and 69 grass samples collected during 2011 and 2014, respectively. A total of 60 metabolites were found across both years. Among the few mycotoxins considered toxic for ruminants, no samples of natural grasses were contaminated with aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, ergot alkaloids, and gliotoxin, among others. However, we were able to detect important metabolites (toxic to ruminants) such as type A trichothecenes, mainly T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin (up to 5000 µg/kg each), and zearalenone (up to 2000 µg/kg), all at very high frequencies and levels. Other fungal metabolites that were found to be prevalent were other Fusarium metabolites like beauvericin, equisetin and aurofusarin, metabolites produced by Alternaria spp., sterigmatocystin and its precursors and anthrachinone derivatives. It is important to point out that the profile of common metabolites was shared during both years of sampling, and also that the occurrence of important metabolites is not a sporadic event. Considering that this area of temperate grassland is used for grazing cattle all year long due to the richness in palatable grasses (Poaceae), the present work represents a starting point for further studies on the occurrence of multi-mycotoxins in natural grasses in order to have a complete picture of the extent of cattle exposure. Also, the present study shows that the presence of zeranol in urine of beef cattle may not be a consequence of illegal use of this banned substance, but the product of the natural occurrence of zearalenone and α-zearalenol in natural grasses intended for cattle feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Nichea
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sofia A Palacios
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Stella M Chiacchiera
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department IFA-Tulln, BOKU Vienna, Konrad Lorenzstr 20, Tulln A-3430, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department IFA-Tulln, BOKU Vienna, Konrad Lorenzstr 20, Tulln A-3430, Austria.
| | - Sofia N Chulze
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Adriana M Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María L Ramirez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
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117
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Rofiat AS, Fanelli F, Atanda O, Sulyok M, Cozzi G, Bavaro S, Krska R, Logrieco AF, Ezekiel CN. Fungal and bacterial metabolites associated with natural contamination of locally processed rice (Oryza sativaL.) in Nigeria. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:950-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1027880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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118
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Trenin AS. [Microbial metabolites that inhibit sterol biosynthesis, their chemical diversity and characteristics of mode of action]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 39:633-57. [PMID: 25696927 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162013060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis (ISB) are widespread in nature and characterized by appreciable diversity both in their chemical structure and mode of action. Many of these inhibitors express noticeable biological activity and approved themselves in development of various pharmaceuticals. In this review there is a detailed description of biologically active microbial metabolites with revealed chemical structure that have ability to inhibit sterol biosynthesis. Inhibitors of mevalonate pathway in fungous and mammalian cells, exhibiting hypolipidemic or antifungal activity, as well as inhibitors of alternative non-mevalonate (pyruvate gliceraldehyde phosphate) isoprenoid pathway, which are promising in the development of affective antimicrobial or antiparasitic drugs, are under consideration in this review. Chemical formulas of the main natural inhibitors and their semi-synthetic derivatives are represented. Mechanism of their action at cellular and biochemical level is discussed. Special attention is given to inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (group of lovastatin) and inhibitors of acyl-CoA-cholesterol-acyl transferase (ACAT) that possess hypolipidemic activity and could be affective in the treatment of atherosclerosis. In case of inhibitors of late stages of sterol biosynthesis (after squalene formation) special attention is paid to compounds possessing evident antifungal and antitumoral activity. Explanation of mechanism of anticancer and antiviral action of microbial ISB, as well as the description of their ability to induce apoptosis is given.
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119
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Escrivá L, Font G, Manyes L. In vivo toxicity studies of fusarium mycotoxins in the last decade: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:185-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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120
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Campos FF, Sales Junior PA, Romanha AJ, Araújo MSS, Siqueira EP, Resende JM, Alves TMA, Martins-Filho OA, Santos VLD, Rosa CA, Zani CL, Cota BB. Bioactive endophytic fungi isolated from Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood) and identification of beauvericin as a trypanocidal metabolite from Fusarium sp. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:65-74. [PMID: 25742265 PMCID: PMC4371219 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to identify new sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, we isolated 82
endophytic fungi from stems and barks of the native Brazilian tree Caesalpinia
echinata Lam. (Fabaceae). We tested their ethyl acetate extracts in several in vitro
assays. The organic extracts from three isolates showed antibacterial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli [minimal inhibitory concentration
(MIC) 32-64 μg/mL]. One isolate inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium (MIC
64 μg/mL) and two isolates inhibited the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca (MIC 64 μg/mL),
Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis (MIC 64-128 μg/mL). Fourteen extracts at a
concentration of 20 μg/mL showed antitumour activities against human breast cancer
and human renal cancer cells, while two isolates showed anti-tumour activities
against human melanoma cancer cells. Six extracts were able to reduce the
proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating some degree of
selective toxicity. Four isolates were able to inhibit Leishmania (Leishmania)
amazonensis and one isolate inhibited Trypanosoma cruzi by at least 40% at 20 μg/mL.
The trypanocidal extract obtained from Fusarium sp. [KF611679] culture was subjected
to bioguided fractionation, which revealed beauvericin as the compound responsible
for the observed toxicity of Fusarium sp. to T. cruzi. This depsipeptide showed a
half maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.9 μg/mL (2.43 μM) in a T. cruzi cellular
culture assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fraga Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tânia M A Alves
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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121
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Raja HA, Kaur A, El-Elimat T, Figueroa M, Kumar R, Deep G, Agarwal R, Faeth SH, Cech NB, Oberlies NH. Phylogenetic and chemical diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn. (milk thistle). Mycology 2015; 6:8-27. [PMID: 26000195 PMCID: PMC4409047 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2015.1009186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of the herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is widespread, and its chemistry has been studied for over 50 years. However, milk thistle endophytes have not been studied previously for their fungal and chemical diversity. We examined the fungal endophytes inhabiting this medicinal herb to determine: (1) species composition and phylogenetic diversity of fungal endophytes; (2) chemical diversity of secondary metabolites produced by these organisms; and (3) cytotoxicity of the pure compounds against the human prostate carcinoma (PC-3) cell line. Forty-one fungal isolates were identified from milk thistle comprising 25 operational taxonomic units based on BLAST search via GenBank using published authentic sequences from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence data. Maximum likelihood analyses of partial 28S rRNA gene showed that these endophytes had phylogenetic affinities to four major classes of Ascomycota, the Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Leotiomycetes. Chemical studies of solid-substrate fermentation cultures led to the isolation of four new natural products. In addition, 58 known secondary metabolites, representing diverse biosynthetic classes, were isolated and characterized using a suite of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. Selected pure compounds were tested against the PC-3 cell line, where six compounds displayed cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Amninder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, DF04510, Mexico
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO80045, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO80045, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO80045, USA
| | - Stanley H. Faeth
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402, USA
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122
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Abstract
Beauveria bassiana has been extensively employed since the last century for biocontrol of lepidopteran pests. B. bassiana has also been explored for diverse functions including bioremediation of toxic industrial effluents and heavy-metal polluted soils. Investigations on multifarious applications of chemically diverse secondary metabolites of this entomopathogenic fungus offer promising implications in pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors. In addition, the development of eco-friendly bioremediation strategies using abiotic stress-tolerant strains of B. bassiana will contribute to maintain the sustainability of agroecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sowjanya Sree
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
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123
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Shin JH, Han JH, Lee JK, Kim KS. Characterization of the Maize Stalk Rot Pathogens Fusarium subglutinans and F. temperatum and the Effect of Fungicides on Their Mycelial Growth and Colony Formation. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:397-406. [PMID: 25506304 PMCID: PMC4262292 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2014.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a socioeconomically important crop in many countries. Recently, a high incidence of stalk rot disease has been reported in several maize fields in Gangwon province. In this report, we show that maize stalk rot is associated with the fungal pathogens Fusarium subglutinans and F. temperatum. Since no fungicides are available to control these pathogens on maize plants, we selected six fungicides (tebuconazole, difenoconazole, fluquinconazole, azoxystrobin, prochloraz and kresoxim-methyl) and examined their effectiveness against the two pathogens. The in vitro antifungal effects of the six fungicides on mycelial growth and colony formation were investigated. Based on the inhibition of mycelial growth, the most toxic fungicide was tebuconazole with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of <0.1 μg/ml and EC90 values of 0.9 μg/ml for both pathogens, while the least toxic fungicide was azoxystrobin with EC50 values of 0.7 and 0.5 μg/ml for F. subglutinans and F. temperatum, respectively, and EC90 values of >3,000 μg/ml for both pathogens. Based on the inhibition of colony formation by the two pathogens, kresoxim-methyl was the most toxic fungicide with complete inhibition of colony formation at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01 μg/ml for F. subglutinans and F. temperatum, respectively, whereas azoxystrobin was the least toxic fungicide with complete inhibition of colony formation at concentrations >3,000 μg/ml for both pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Shin
- Applied Biology Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Han
- Applied Biology Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Applied Plant Sciences Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Applied Biology Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
- BioHerb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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124
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Wätjen W, Debbab A, Hohlfeld A, Chovolou Y, Proksch P. The mycotoxin beauvericin induces apoptotic cell death in H4IIE hepatoma cells accompanied by an inhibition of NF-κB-activity and modulation of MAP-kinases. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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125
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Taevernier L, Veryser L, Vandercruyssen K, D’Hondt M, Vansteelandt S, De Saeger S, De Spiegeleer B. UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of the cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins beauvericin and enniatins in in vitro transdermal experiments. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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126
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Wang J, Zhang DM, Jia JF, Peng QL, Tian HY, Wang L, Ye WC. Cyclodepsipeptides from the ascocarps and insect-body portions of fungus Cordyceps cicadae. Fitoterapia 2014; 97:23-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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127
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128
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Kim MA, Son HU, Yoon CS, Nam SH, Choi YC, Lee SH. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo phototoxicity tests with S-(-)-10,11-dihydroxyfarnesic acid methyl ester produced by Beauveria bassiana KACC46831. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:659-663. [PMID: 25054007 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is a fungi that is well-known for demonstrating a resistance to environmental change. To confirm whether S-(-)-10,11-dihydroxyfarnesic acid methyl ester (DHFAME) produced by Beauveria bassiana KACC46831 causes phototoxicity when used for cosmetic purposes due to its anti-tyrosinase activity, we conducted in vitro and in vivo phototoxicity tests. There were no significant changes or damage observed in the compound-treated group with regards to skin phototoxicity, while 8-methoxypsoralen, which served as a positive control, induced toxic effects. The in vitro 3T3 neutral red uptake assay, an alternative assessment, was used for further confirmation of the phototoxicity. The results showed that DHFAME did not exhibit phototoxicity at the designated concentrations, with or without UV irradiation in the 3T3 cells. These results indicated that the methyl ester produced by Beauveria bassiana KACC46831 does not induce phototoxicity in the skin. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that DHFAME shows potential for use as a cosmetic ingredient that does not cause skin phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-A Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Sik Yoon
- Mycoplus Company Ltd., Anyang 431-080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Nam
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Agency, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheol Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Agency, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea ; Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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129
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Guo Z, Döll K, Dastjerdi R, Karlovsky P, Dehne HW, Altincicek B. Effect of fungal colonization of wheat grains with Fusarium spp. on food choice, weight gain and mortality of meal beetle larvae (Tenebrio molitor). PLoS One 2014; 9:e100112. [PMID: 24932485 PMCID: PMC4059719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of Fusarium have significant agro-economical and human health-related impact by infecting diverse crop plants and synthesizing diverse mycotoxins. Here, we investigated interactions of grain-feeding Tenebrio molitor larvae with four grain-colonizing Fusarium species on wheat kernels. Since numerous metabolites produced by Fusarium spp. are toxic to insects, we tested the hypothesis that the insect senses and avoids Fusarium-colonized grains. We found that only kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or Beauveria bassiana (an insect-pathogenic fungal control) were avoided by the larvae as expected. Kernels colonized with F. proliferatum, F. poae or F. culmorum attracted T. molitor larvae significantly more than control kernels. The avoidance/preference correlated with larval feeding behaviors and weight gain. Interestingly, larvae that had consumed F. proliferatum- or F. poae-colonized kernels had similar survival rates as control. Larvae fed on F. culmorum-, F. avenaceum- or B. bassiana-colonized kernels had elevated mortality rates. HPLC analyses confirmed the following mycotoxins produced by the fungal strains on the kernels: fumonisins, enniatins and beauvericin by F. proliferatum, enniatins and beauvericin by F. poae, enniatins by F. avenaceum, and deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by F. culmorum. Our results indicate that T. molitor larvae have the ability to sense potential survival threats of kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or B. bassiana, but not with F. culmorum. Volatiles potentially along with gustatory cues produced by these fungi may represent survival threat signals for the larvae resulting in their avoidance. Although F. proliferatum or F. poae produced fumonisins, enniatins and beauvericin during kernel colonization, the larvae were able to use those kernels as diet without exhibiting increased mortality. Consumption of F. avenaceum-colonized kernels, however, increased larval mortality; these kernels had higher enniatin levels than F. proliferatum or F. poae-colonized ones suggesting that T. molitor can tolerate or metabolize those toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Guo
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES-Phytomedicine), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Döll
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raana Dastjerdi
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES-Phytomedicine), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Boran Altincicek
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES-Phytomedicine), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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130
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Disturbance of antioxidant capacity produced by beauvericin in CHO-K1 cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 226:337-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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131
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Whitt J, Shipley S, Newman DJ, Zuck KM. Tetramic acid analogues produced by coculture of Saccharopolyspora erythraea with Fusarium pallidoroseum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:173-7. [PMID: 24422636 PMCID: PMC3993930 DOI: 10.1021/np400761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Coculture of the fungus Fusarium pallidoroseum with the bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea was found to produce three new decalin-type tetramic acid analogues related to equisetin. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations were established by circular dichroism spectroscopy and comparing the data with those of equisetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Whitt
- SAIC-Frederick,
Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Suzanne
M. Shipley
- SAIC-Frederick,
Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - David J. Newman
- Natural
Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, National
Cancer Institute, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Karina M. Zuck
- SAIC-Frederick,
Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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132
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Jun JH, Ryoo NH, Kim EC, Chang SD. A Case ofBeauveria BassianaKeratitis Confirmed by Gene Sequencing. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2014.55.6.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwa Jun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eui Chong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Dong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Beauvericin ameliorates experimental colitis by inhibiting activated T cells via downregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83013. [PMID: 24340073 PMCID: PMC3858350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a common, chronic inflammatory bowel condition characterized by remission and relapse. Accumulating evidence indicates that activated T cells play an important role in this disease. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effect of beauvericin, a natural cyclic peptide, on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice, which mimics Crohn's disease. Beauvericin significantly reduced weight loss, diarrhea and mortality, accompanied with notable alleviation of macroscopic and microscopic signs. In addition, this compound decreased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)- γ in a concentration-dependent manner in mice with experimental colitis. These effects of beauvericin are attributed to its inhibition on activated T cells. Flow cytometry and immunoblot assay data showed that beauvericin suppressed T-cell proliferation, activation and IFN-γ-STAT1-T-bet signaling and subsequently led to apoptosis of activated T cells by suppressing Bcl-2 and phosphorylated Bad as well as increasing cleavage of caspase-3, -9, -12 and PARP. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling, which was an upstream regulator of cell activation and survival in activated T cells, contributed to the effect of beauvericin. Overall, these results supported beauvericin as a novel drug candidate for the treatment of colonic inflammation mainly by targeting PI3K/Akt in activated T cells.
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Shimshoni JA, Cuneah O, Sulyok M, Krska R, Galon N, Sharir B, Shlosberg A. Mycotoxins in corn and wheat silage in Israel. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1614-25. [PMID: 23789893 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.802840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Silage is an important feed source for intensive dairy herds worldwide. Fungal growth and mycotoxin production before and during silage storage is a well-known phenomenon, resulting in reduced nutritional value and a possible risk factor for animal health. With this in mind, a survey was conducted to determine for the first time the occurrence of mycotoxins in corn and wheat silage in Israel. A total of 30 corn and wheat silage samples were collected from many sources and analysed using a multi-mycotoxin method based on LC-MS/MS. Most mycotoxins recorded in the present study have not been reported before in Israel. Overall, 23 mycotoxins were found in corn silage; while wheat silage showed a similar pattern of mycotoxin occurrence comprising 20 mycotoxins. The most common post-harvest mycotoxins produced by the Penicillium roqueforti complex were not found in any tested samples, indicative of high-quality preparation and use of silage. Moreover, none of the European Union-regulated mycotoxins--aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol--were found above their limits of detection (LODs). The Alternaria mycotoxins--macrosporin, tentoxin and alternariol methyl ether--were highly prevalent in both corn and wheat silage (>80%), but at low concentrations. The most prominent (>80%) Fusarium mycotoxins in corn silage were fusaric acid, fumonisins, beauvericin, monilifomin, equisetin, zearalenone and enniatins, whereas in wheat silage only beauvericin, zearalenone and enniatins occurred in more than 80% of the samples. The high prevalence and concentration of fusaric acid (mean = 765 µg kg⁻¹) in Israeli corn silage indicates that this may be the toxin of highest potential concern to dairy cow performance. However, more data from different harvest years and seasons are needed in order to establish a more precise evaluation of the mycotoxin burden in Israeli silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Shimshoni
- a Department of Toxicology , Kimron Veterinary Institute , Bet Dagan 50250 , Israel
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Multi-mycotoxin screening reveals the occurrence of 139 different secondary metabolites in feed and feed ingredients. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:504-23. [PMID: 23529186 PMCID: PMC3705275 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/mass spectrometry (MS) methods for the simultaneous detection and quantification of a broad spectrum of mycotoxins has facilitated the screening of a larger number of samples for contamination with a wide array of less well-known “emerging” mycotoxins and other metabolites. In this study, 83 samples of feed and feed raw materials were analysed. All of them were found to contain seven to 69 metabolites. The total number of detected metabolites amounts to 139. Fusarium mycotoxins were most common, but a number of Alternaria toxins also occurred very often. Furthermore, two so-called masked mycotoxins (i.e., mycotoxin conjugates), namely deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (75% positives) and zearalenone-4-sulfate (49% positives), were frequently detected. Although the observed median concentrations of the individual analytes were generally in the low μg/kg range, evaluating the toxicological potential of a given sample is difficult. Toxicity data on less well-known mycotoxins and other detected metabolites are notoriously scarce, as an overview on the available information on the most commonly detected metabolites shows. Besides, the possible synergistic effects of co-occurring substances have to be considered.
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