101
|
Impact of pre-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D on post-operative serum calcium in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign goitre: retrospective study of 246 patients. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2017; 131:925-929. [PMID: 28874217 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215117001797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether pre-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D has an impact on post-operative parathyroid hormone and serum calcium levels in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign goitre. METHODS This single-centre, retrospective study comprised 246 unselected surgical patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy for bilateral, benign, multinodular goitre. The correlation between pre-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and post-operative serum parathyroid hormone and serum calcium was studied to determine whether low pre-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was predictive of post-operative hypocalcaemia. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients (32 per cent) had post-operative hypocalcaemia. Eighteen patients (7.32 per cent) experienced unintentional parathyroidectomy (1 parathyroid gland in 15 patients, 2 parathyroid glands in 3 patients). In univariate analysis, pre-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was not correlated with post-operative serum calcium (p = 0.69) or post-operative serum parathyroid hormone (p = 0.5804). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, which took into account unintentional parathyroidectomy, no correlation was found (p = 0.33). Bilateral unintentional parathyroidectomy was statistically associated with post-operative hypocalcaemia (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION Pre-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D did not appear to have any impact on post-operative serum calcium in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign goitre.
Collapse
|
102
|
Vitamin D deficiency, oxidative stress and antioxidant status: only weak association seen in the absence of advanced age, obesity or pre-existing disease. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:11-16. [PMID: 28758603 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700188x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D)70 % of participants were vitamin D deficient. No significant correlations and no biomarker differences across 25(OH)D quartiles or groups were seen except for total antioxidant status. A weak direct association (r 0·252, P<0·05) was observed between 25(OH)D and FRAP, and those in the lowest 25(OH)D quartile and group had significantly lower FRAP values. Results did not reveal a clear link between vitamin D status and oxidative stress biomarkers in the absence of advanced age, obesity and disease, though some evidence of depleted antioxidant status in those with vitamin D deficiency was seen. Poor antioxidant status may pre-date increased oxidative stress. Study of effects of correction of deficiency on antioxidant status and oxidative stress in vitamin D-deficient but otherwise healthy subjects is needed.
Collapse
|
103
|
Sun YQ, Langhammer A, Skorpen F, Chen Y, Mai XM. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, chronic diseases and all-cause mortality in a population-based prospective cohort: the HUNT Study, Norway. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017256. [PMID: 28674149 PMCID: PMC5734252 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of vitamin D status with all-cause mortality in a Norwegian population and the potential influences of existing chronic diseases on the association. DESIGN A population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. PARTICIPANTS A random sample (n=6613) of adults aged 20 years or older in a cohort. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in blood samples collected at baseline (n=6377). Mortality was ascertained from the Norwegian National Registry. Cox regression models were applied to estimate the HRs with 95% CIs for all-cause mortality in association with serum 25(OH)D levels after adjustment for a wide spectrum of confounding factors as well as chronic diseases at baseline. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 18.5 years, during which 1539 subjects died. The HRs for all-cause mortality associated with the first quartile level of 25(OH)D (<34.5 nmol/L) as compared with the fourth quartile (≥58.1 nmol/L) before and after adjustment for chronic diseases at baseline were 1.30 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.51) and 1.27 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.48), respectively. In the subjects without chronic diseases at baseline and with further exclusion of the first 3 years of follow-up, the corresponding adjusted HR was 1.34 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.66). CONCLUSIONS Low serum 25(OH)D level was associated with increased all-cause mortality in a general Norwegian population. The association was not notably influenced by existing chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qian Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health (LBK), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frank Skorpen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health (LBK), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xiao-Mei Mai
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Gao X, Gào X, Zhang Y, Breitling LP, Schöttker B, Brenner H. Associations of self-reported smoking, cotinine levels and epigenetic smoking indicators with oxidative stress among older adults: a population-based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:443-456. [PMID: 28434075 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and oxidative stress (OS) are both related to a wide spectrum of adverse age-related health outcomes, but their association is not yet well-established. We examined the associations of self-reported smoking indicators, serum cotinine levels and smoking-related DNA methylation biomarkers with two urinary proxy markers of OS, 8-isoprostane (8-iso) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), in two independent subsets of older adults recruited in Germany (discovery set: n = 978, validation set: n = 531). We obtained DNA methylation profiles in whole blood samples by Illumina Human Methylation450K Beadchip and measured the urinary levels of both OS markers using commercial ELISA kits. After controlling for potential confounders, current smoking, cumulative smoking exposure (pack-years) and serum cotinine levels (ng/ml) were strongly associated with 8-iso levels (p values <0.0001, 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). Of 151 previously identified smoking-related CpG sites, 71 loci were associated with 8-iso levels after correction for multiple testing (FDR < 0.05) in the validation phase and were designated as loci related to 8-iso levels defined OS. In addition, serum cotinine levels, cumulative smoking exposure and a smoking index (SI) based on the 71 identified loci manifested monotonic associations with 8-iso levels. However, we did not observe any associations between these smoking indicators and 8-oxodG levels. In conclusion, this study suggests that smoking-related epigenetic alterations are closely correlated with smoking-induced OS. The identified CpG sites could potentially be prognostic epigenetic markers of OS and OS-related health outcomes. Our findings and the underlying mechanisms should be followed up in further, preferably longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xīn Gào
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Philipp Breitling
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Steele CJ, Schöttker B, Marshall AH, Kouvonen A, O'Doherty MG, Mons U, Saum KU, Boffetta P, Trichopoulou A, Brenner H, Kee F. Education achievement and type 2 diabetes-what mediates the relationship in older adults? Data from the ESTHER study: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013569. [PMID: 28420660 PMCID: PMC5719655 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to identify the mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Participants were recruited from the German federal state of Saarland. PARTICIPANTS Participants were excluded if they had prevalent T2DM or missing data on prevalent T2DM, missing or zero follow-up time for incident T2DM or were under 50 years of age. The total sample consisted of 7462 individuals aged 50-75 years (42.8% men, mean age 61.7 years) at baseline (2000-02). The median follow-up time was 8.0 years. METHODS Cox proportional hazards regression was initially used to determine the direct association between education achievement and incident T2DM. Using the Baron and Kenny approach, we then investigated the associations between education achievement and incident T2DM with the potential mediators. The contribution of each of the putative mediating variables was then calculated. RESULTS A clear socioeconomic gradient was observed with regard to T2DM incidence with the lowest educated individuals at a greater risk of developing the disease during the follow-up period: HR (95% CI) high education: 0.52 (0.34 to 0.80); medium education: 0.80 (0.66 to 0.96). Seven of the variables considered explained a proportion of the education-T2DM relationship (body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, physical activity and smoking status), where the contribution of the variables ranged from 1.0% to 17.7%. Overall, the mediators explained 31.7% of the relationship. CONCLUSION By identifying the possible mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident T2DM in older adults, the results of this study can be used to assist with the development of public health strategies that aim to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Steele
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Statistical Science and Operational Research (CenSSOR), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ben Schöttker
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM Hochschule, Essen, Germany
| | - Adele H Marshall
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Statistical Science and Operational Research (CenSSOR), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty in Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mark G O'Doherty
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ute Mons
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Kee
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Zhang R, Li B, Gao X, Tian R, Pan Y, Jiang Y, Gu H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu G. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of cardiovascular disease: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:810-819. [PMID: 28251933 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.140392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During the past decade, an increasing number of prospective studies have focused on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the evidence on the relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and the risk of overt CVD is inconclusive.Objective: We performed a dose-response meta-analysis to summarize and prospectively quantify the RR of low serum 25(OH)D concentration and total CVD (events and mortality).Design: We identified relevant studies by searching PubMed and EMBASE up to December 2015 and by hand-searching reference lists. Prospective studies based on the general population and reported RRs and 95% CIs were included. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled RRs. Nonlinear association was assessed by using restricted cubic spline analyses.Results: A total of 34 publications with 180,667 participants were eligible for the meta-analysis. We included 32 publications (27 independent studies) for total CVD events and 17 publications (17 independent studies) for CVD mortality. We observed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and total CVD events and CVD mortality, and the pooled RRs per 10-ng/mL increment were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.94) for total CVD events and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.96) for CVD mortality. A nonlinear association was detected for total CVD events (P-nonlinear < 0.001) and CVD mortality (P-nonlinear = 0.022).Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with total CVD events and CVD mortality from the observed studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; and
| | - Bohong Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; and
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; and
| | - Gaifen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Zhang Y, Wilson R, Heiss J, Breitling LP, Saum KU, Schöttker B, Holleczek B, Waldenberger M, Peters A, Brenner H. DNA methylation signatures in peripheral blood strongly predict all-cause mortality. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14617. [PMID: 28303888 PMCID: PMC5357865 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) has been revealed to play a role in various diseases. Here we performed epigenome-wide screening and validation to identify mortality-related DNAm signatures in a general population-based cohort with up to 14 years follow-up. In the discovery panel in a case-cohort approach, 11,063 CpGs reach genome-wide significance (FDR<0.05). 58 CpGs, mapping to 38 well-known disease-related genes and 14 intergenic regions, are confirmed in a validation panel. A mortality risk score based on ten selected CpGs exhibits strong association with all-cause mortality, showing hazard ratios (95% CI) of 2.16 (1.10–4.24), 3.42 (1.81–6.46) and 7.36 (3.69–14.68), respectively, for participants with scores of 1, 2–5 and 5+ compared with a score of 0. These associations are confirmed in an independent cohort and are independent from the ‘epigenetic clock'. In conclusion, DNAm of multiple disease-related genes are strongly linked to mortality outcomes. The DNAm-based risk score might be informative for risk assessment and stratification. DNA methylation is modulated by environmental factors and has a role in many complex diseases. Here, the authors find that methylation at specific DNA sites is associated with all-cause mortality, and a methylation-based risk score may be informative for risk assessment and stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Research Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Heiss
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Research Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz P Breitling
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Research Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Research Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Research Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Ageing Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Strasse 20, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Präsident Baltz Strasse 5, D-66119 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Research Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Alcoholic beverage preference and diabetes incidence across Europe: the Consortium on Health and Ageing Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States (CHANCES) project. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:659-668. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
109
|
Ordóñez-Mena JM, Maalmi H, Schöttker B, Saum KU, Holleczek B, Wang TJ, Burwinkel B, Brenner H. Genetic Variants in the Vitamin D Pathway, 25(OH)D Levels, and Mortality in a Large Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:470-477. [PMID: 27732326 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been consistently associated with excess mortality in epidemiological studies, but this association could be due to confounding by health impairments associated with low 25(OH)D levels. An association of vitamin D-related genetic variants with all-cause mortality could strengthen the claims of causality, because this association is assumed to be unaffected by confounding. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations of low 25(OH)D with mortality in the presence or absence of genetic variants in the vitamin D pathway. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The study consisted of a population-based cohort of 8417 German older adults in whom genetic variants were genotyped. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality. RESULTS Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs3755967 (GC) and rs11603330 (DHCR7), were associated with higher risk of low vitamin D status [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) per minor allele, 1.27 (1.18 to 1.36) and 1.16 (1.08 to 1.25), respectively]. Low 25(OH)D (less than the season-specific 33rd percentile) was associated with increased mortality. However, none of the SNPs was associated with increased mortality. Furthermore, the increase in mortality for those with low 25(OH)D was generally smaller in the presence of the risk alleles for low 25(OH)D ["genetically low 25(OH)D"] than in the absence of those risk alleles ["otherwise low 25(OH)D"]. CONCLUSIONS Although we may have been limited by a low statistical power to detect small associations, our study showed that the strong relationship between low 25(OH)D and increased mortality may be at least partly due to other factors related to low 25(OH)D levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Ordóñez-Mena
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Haifa Maalmi
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
| | | | - Thomas J Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Risk for Colorectal Cancer and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14020127. [PMID: 28134804 PMCID: PMC5334681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests an association between low vitamin D status and risk for various outcomes including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Analyzing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the most established means to evaluate an individual's vitamin D status. However, cutoff values for 25(OH)D insufficiency as well as for optimal 25(OH)D levels are controversial. This systematic review critically summarizes the epidemiological evidence regarding 25(OH)D levels and the risk for colorectal cancer and T2DM. The meta-analytical calculation revealed a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.62 (CI 0.56-0.70; I² = 14.7%) for colorectal cancer and an RR of 0.66 (CI 0.61-0.73; I² = 38.6%) for T2DM when comparing individuals with the highest category of 25(OH)D with those in the lowest. A dose-response analysis showed an inverse association between 25(OH)D levels and RR for both outcomes up to concentrations of about 55 ng/mL for colorectal cancer and about 65 ng/mL for T2DM. At still higher 25(OH)D levels the RR increases slightly, consistent with a U-shaped association. In conclusion, a higher 25(OH)D status is associated with a lower risk for colorectal cancer and T2DM; however, this advantage is gradually lost as levels increase beyond 50-60 ng/mL.
Collapse
|
111
|
Gao X, Thomsen H, Zhang Y, Breitling LP, Brenner H. The impact of methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) on active smoking-related DNA methylation changes. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:87. [PMID: 28824732 PMCID: PMC5561570 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) are the genetic variants that may affect the DNA methylation patterns of CpG sites. However, their roles in influencing the disturbances of smoking-related epigenetic changes have not been well established. This study was conducted to address whether mQTLs exist in the vicinity of smoking-related CpG sites (± 50 kb) and to examine their associations with smoking exposure and all-cause mortality in older adults. RESULTS We obtained DNA methylation profiles in whole blood samples by Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 BeadChip array of two independent subsamples of the ESTHER study (discovery set, n = 581; validation set, n = 368) and their corresponding genotyping data using the Illumina Infinium OncoArray BeadChip. After correction for multiple testing (FDR), we successfully identified that 70 out of 151 previously reported smoking-related CpG sites were significantly associated with 192 SNPs within the 50 kb search window of each locus. The 192 mQTLs significantly influenced the active smoking-related DNA methylation changes, with percentage changes ranging from 0.01 to 18.96%, especially for the weakly/moderately smoking-related CpG sites. However, these identified mQTLs were not directly associated with active smoking exposure or all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings clearly demonstrated that if not dealt with properly, the mQTLs might impair the power of epigenetic-based models of smoking exposure to a certain extent. In addition, such genetic variants could be the key factor to distinguish between the heritable and smoking-induced impact on epigenome disparities. These mQTLs are of special importance when DNA methylation markers measured by Illumina Infinium assay are used for any comparative population studies related to smoking-related cancers and chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- 0000 0004 0492 0584grid.7497.dDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Thomsen
- 0000 0004 0492 0584grid.7497.dDivision of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- 0000 0004 0492 0584grid.7497.dDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Philipp Breitling
- 0000 0004 0492 0584grid.7497.dDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- 0000 0004 0492 0584grid.7497.dDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- 0000 0004 0492 0584grid.7497.dDivision of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- 0000 0004 0492 0584grid.7497.dGerman Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Yetley EA, MacFarlane AJ, Greene-Finestone LS, Garza C, Ard JD, Atkinson SA, Bier DM, Carriquiry AL, Harlan WR, Hattis D, King JC, Krewski D, O'Connor DL, Prentice RL, Rodricks JV, Wells GA. Options for basing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) on chronic disease endpoints: report from a joint US-/Canadian-sponsored working group. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:249S-285S. [PMID: 27927637 PMCID: PMC5183726 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.139097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are used in Canada and the United States in planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and population groups. The approaches used to establish DRIs on the basis of classical nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities have worked well. However, it has proved to be more challenging to base DRI values on chronic disease endpoints; deviations from the traditional framework were often required, and in some cases, DRI values were not established for intakes that affected chronic disease outcomes despite evidence that supported a relation. The increasing proportions of elderly citizens, the growing prevalence of chronic diseases, and the persistently high prevalence of overweight and obesity, which predispose to chronic disease, highlight the importance of understanding the impact of nutrition on chronic disease prevention and control. A multidisciplinary working group sponsored by the Canadian and US government DRI steering committees met from November 2014 to April 2016 to identify options for addressing key scientific challenges encountered in the use of chronic disease endpoints to establish reference values. The working group focused on 3 key questions: 1) What are the important evidentiary challenges for selecting and using chronic disease endpoints in future DRI reviews, 2) what intake-response models can future DRI committees consider when using chronic disease endpoints, and 3) what are the arguments for and against continuing to include chronic disease endpoints in future DRI reviews? This report outlines the range of options identified by the working group for answering these key questions, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cutberto Garza
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
- Department of Global Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jamy D Ard
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Dennis M Bier
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Dale Hattis
- The George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, MA
| | - Janet C King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - George A Wells
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Saum KU, Schöttker B, Meid AD, Holleczek B, Haefeli WE, Hauer K, Brenner H. Is Polypharmacy Associated with Frailty in Older People? Results From the ESTHER Cohort Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 65:e27-e32. [PMID: 28024089 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between polypharmacy and frailty. DESIGN Longitudinal, observational cohort study. SETTING Saarland, Germany. PARTICIPANTS 3,058 community-dwelling adults aged between 57 and 84 years. MEASUREMENTS Frailty was assessed according to the frailty phenotype, described by Fried et al. Polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy were defined as the concomitant use of five or more and 10 or more drugs, respectively. We assessed associations between polypharmacy and prevalent and incident frailty within 3 years of follow-up by logistic regression models controlled for multiple potential confounders including comorbidity. Additionally, cubic splines were used to assess dose-response associations. RESULTS Polypharmacy was reported in 39.1% (n = 1,194), and hyperpolypharmacy in 8.9% (n = 273) of participants. Prevalent frailty was present in 271 (8.9%) participants; 186 (9.3%) of 1,998 non-frail participants with follow-up data became frail within 3 years. After adjustment, polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy were associated with prevalent frailty with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 2.30 (1.60-3.31) and 4.97 (2.97-8.32), respectively. Polypharmacy (odds ratio (OR) 1.51 (1.05-2.16)) and hyperpolypharmacy (OR 1.90 (1.10-3.28)) were also independent predictors of incident frailty. Furthermore, there was a moderate exposure-response relationship between the number of medicines and prevalent as well as incident frailty. CONCLUSION Our study showed that polypharmacy is associated with frailty. Further research should address the potential benefit of reducing of inappropriate polypharmacy and better pharmacotherapeutic management for preventing medication-associated frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, , University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas D Meid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Hauer
- Network Aging Research, , University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Research, Bethanien-Hospital and Geriatric Centre, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, , University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Gao X, Zhang Y, Saum KU, Schöttker B, Breitling LP, Brenner H. Tobacco smoking and smoking-related DNA methylation are associated with the development of frailty among older adults. Epigenetics 2016; 12:149-156. [PMID: 28001461 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1271855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a preventable environmental factor that contributes to a wide spectrum of age-related health outcomes; however, its association with the development of frailty is not yet well established. We examined the associations of self-reported smoking indicators, serum cotinine levels and smoking-related DNA methylation biomarkers with a quantitative frailty index (FI) in 2 independent subsets of older adults (age 50-75) recruited in Saarland, Germany in 2000 - 2002 (discovery set: n = 978, validation set: n = 531). We obtained DNA methylation profiles in whole blood samples by Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and calculated the FI according to the method of Mitnitski and Rockwood. Mixed linear regression models were implemented to assess the associations between smoking indicators and the FI. After controlling for potential covariates, current smoking, cumulative smoking exposure (pack-years), and time after smoking cessation (years) were significantly associated with the FI (P-value < 0.05). In the discovery panel, 17 out of 151 previously identified smoking-related CpG sites were associated with the FI after correction for multiple testing (FDR < 0.05). Nine of them survived in the validation phase and were designated as frailty-associated loci. A smoking index (SI) based on the 9 loci manifested a monotonic association with the FI. In conclusion, this study suggested that epigenetic alterations could play a role in smoking-associated development of frailty. The identified CpG sites have the potential to be prognostic biomarkers of frailty and frailty-related health outcomes. Our findings and the underlying mechanisms should be followed up in further, preferably longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,b Network Aging Research , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Lutz Philipp Breitling
- a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,b Network Aging Research , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany.,c Division of Preventive Oncology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) , Heidelberg , Germany.,d German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Zhang Y, Elgizouli M, Schöttker B, Holleczek B, Nieters A, Brenner H. Smoking-associated DNA methylation markers predict lung cancer incidence. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:127. [PMID: 27924164 PMCID: PMC5123284 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newly established blood DNA methylation markers that are strongly associated with smoking might open new avenues for lung cancer (LC) screening. We aimed to assess the performance of the top hits from previous epigenome-wide association studies in prediction of LC incidence. In a prospective nested case-control study, DNA methylation at AHRR (cg05575921), 6p21.33 (cg06126421), and F2RL3 (cg03636183) were measured by pyrosequencing in baseline whole blood samples of 143 incident LC cases identified during 11 years of follow-up and 457 age- and sex-matched controls without diagnosis of LC until the end of follow-up. The individual and joint associations of the 3 markers with LC risk were estimated by logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders including smoking status and cigarette pack-years. The predictive performance was evaluated for both the individual markers and their combinations derived from multiple algorithms. Results Pronounced demethylation of all 3 markers was observed at baseline among cases compared to controls. Risk of developing LC increased with decreasing DNA methylation levels, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 15.86 (4.18–60.17), 8.12 (2.69–4.48), and 10.55 (3.44–32.31), respectively, for participants in the lowest quartile of AHRR, 6p21.33, and F2RL3 compared to participants in the highest 2 quartiles of each site among controls. The individual 3 markers exhibited similar accuracy in predicting LC incidence, with AUCs ranging from 0.79 to 0.81. Combination of the 3 markers did not improve the predictive performance (AUC = 0.80). The individual markers or their combination outperformed self-reported smoking exposure particularly in light smokers. No variation in risk prediction was identified with respect to age, follow-up time, and histological subtypes. Conclusions AHRR, 6p21.33, and F2RL3 methylation in blood DNA are predictive for LC development, which might be useful for identification of risk groups for further specific screening, such as CT examination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0292-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdeldin Elgizouli
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Research Group Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Research Group Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Gao X, Mons U, Zhang Y, Breitling LP, Brenner H. DNA methylation changes in response to active smoking exposure are associated with leukocyte telomere length among older adults. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:1231-1241. [PMID: 27832427 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is associated with an increased risk of aging-related diseases. As a preventable environmental hazard of morbidity and mortality, smoking has been reported to promote TL attrition by producing a variety of oxidants and free radicals. Since DNA methylation has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathways of smoking and smoking-induced diseases, this study aimed to address whether the smoking-associated DNA methylation changes could be associated with accelerated TL shortening. We obtained DNA methylation profiles in whole blood samples by Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 Beadchip array in two independent subsamples of the ESTHER study and measured their relative TL by quantitative PCR. Terminal Restriction Fragment analysis was additionally performed in a subsample to obtain absolute TL in base pairs. TL measurements across panels were standardized by z-transformation. After correction for multiple testing, we successfully confirmed that seven out of 151 smoking-related CpG sites were associated with TL (FDR <0.05). A smoking index based on the seven loci showed monotonic associations with TL, cumulative smoking exposure and time after smoking cessation. In conclusion, our study supports suggestions that epigenetic alterations could play a role in smoking-associated disproportionate aging as reflected by TL. Further research is required to examine whether the identified epigenetic signatures of smoking can be of value in clinical practice to assess individual aging across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Mons
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Philipp Breitling
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Röntgenstraße 1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Huang R, Wei Y, Hung RJ, Liu G, Su L, Zhang R, Zong X, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Brüske I, Heinrich J, Hong YC, Kim JH, Cote M, Wenzlaff A, Schwartz AG, Stucker I, Mclaughlin J, Marcus MW, Davies MPA, Liloglou T, Field JK, Matsuo K, Barnett M, Thornquist M, Goodman G, Wang Y, Chen S, Yang P, Duell EJ, Andrew AS, Lazarus P, Muscat J, Woll P, Horsman J, Teare MD, Flugelman A, Rennert G, Zhang Y, Brenner H, Stegmaier C, van der Heijden EHFM, Aben K, Kiemeney L, Barros-Dios J, Pérez-Ríos M, Ruano-Ravina A, Caporaso NE, Bertazzi PA, Landi MT, Dai J, Hongbing Shen H, Fernandez-Tardon G, Rodriguez-Suarez M, Tardon A, Christiani DC. Associated Links Among Smoking, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium. EBioMedicine 2016; 2:1677-85. [PMID: 26870794 PMCID: PMC4740296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
118
|
Trummer C, Pandis M, Verheyen N, Grübler MR, Gaksch M, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Tomaschitz A, Pieber TR, Pilz S, Schwetz V. Beneficial Effects of UV-Radiation: Vitamin D and beyond. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1028. [PMID: 27775585 PMCID: PMC5086767 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aside from its well-known effects on bone and mineral metabolism, vitamin D may also play an important role in extra-skeletal processes like immunologic diseases, cancer, or cardiovascular diseases. Even though meta-analyses showed that vitamin D supplementation reduces fractures, falls, and overall mortality, its potential benefits did not find universal acclaim. Several health care authorities published Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin D, most of them ranging from 600 to 800 international units (IU) per day, corresponding to a serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of at least 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). However, studies conducted in the general population revealed a much lower overall intake of vitamin D than the proposed RDAs. Thus, strategies to increase the vitamin D intake in the general population, e.g., food fortification or vitamin D supplementation, are needed to match the existing evidence and recommendations. Therefore, several currently ongoing projects aim to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation in the general population and try to establish food-based solutions to improve vitamin D status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Marlene Pandis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Martin R Grübler
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 8, Bern 3010, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Gaksch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Andreas Tomaschitz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
- Bad Gleichenberg Clinic, Schweizereiweg 4, Bad Gleichenberg 8344, Austria.
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Verena Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Kvaran RB, Sigurdsson MI, Skarphedinsdottir SJ, Sigurdsson GH. Severe vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill patients at a high northern latitude. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60:1289-96. [PMID: 27291260 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients at southern latitudes have been shown to have low vitamin D levels that were associated with prolonged hospital stay. To our knowledge no studies have been conducted on vitamin D status amongst critically ill patients at high northern latitudes. Despite the Icelandic population traditionally taking vitamin D supplements, we hypothesized that the majority of critically ill patients in Reykjavik, Iceland have low vitamin D levels. METHODS This was a prospective observational study on 122 patients admitted to Landspitali University Hospital intensive care unit. Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in all patients on two occasions (first and second day). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its effect on hospital stay was calculated. RESULTS Only 9% of patients had vitamin D levels recommended for good health (>75 nmol/l) and 69% were deficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l). The average difference between the first and second vitamin D samples was 2.8 nmol/l. Forty-three percentage of the severely vitamin D deficient stayed in the ICU for more than 4 days compared to 19% of patients with better status (P = 0.196). DISCUSSION Vitamin D deficiency is very common in critically ill patients at high northern latitudes and patients with severely deficient vitamin D levels had trend towards longer intensive care unit stay. Furthermore, 43% of the patients had vitamin D levels under 25 nmol/l that is associated with osteomalacia. It appears that a single vitamin D measurement gives a reasonable clue about the vitamin D status in critically ill patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Kvaran
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; Landspitali University Hospital; Reykjavik Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - M. I. Sigurdsson
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | - S. J. Skarphedinsdottir
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; Landspitali University Hospital; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - G. H. Sigurdsson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; Landspitali University Hospital; Reykjavik Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Gussago C, Arosio B, Guerini FR, Ferri E, Costa AS, Casati M, Bollini EM, Ronchetti F, Colombo E, Bernardelli G, Clerici M, Mari D. Impact of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in centenarians. Endocrine 2016; 53:558-64. [PMID: 26956844 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a seco-sterol produced endogenously in the skin or obtained from certain foods. It exerts its action through binding to intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR). Lately, the role of vitamin D has been revised regarding its potential advantage on delaying the process of aging. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of VDR gene polymorphisms in healthy aging and longevity. We evaluated the frequency of four polymorphisms of the VDR gene (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) in centenarians (102 subjects, mean age: 102.3 ± 0.3 years), compared to septuagenarians (163 subjects, mean age: 73.0 ± 0.6 years) and we analyzed a variety of pathophysiologically relevant functions in centenarians. BsmI and ApaI provided a significant association with longevity: there was a highly significant difference in the frequency of BsmI genotypes (p = 0.037), ApaI genotypes (p = 0.022), and ApaI alleles (p = 0.050) in centenarians versus septuagenarians. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation of all the VDR gene polymorphisms in centenarians with some measured variables such as hand grip strength, body mass index, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and mini-mental state examination. We also found a correlation with the prevalence of medical history of hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, angina, venous insufficiency, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and arthrosis. In conclusion, this study proposes a new scenario in which the variability of the VDR gene is relevant in the aging process and emphasizes the role of VDR genetic background in determining healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gussago
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martina Casati
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Mariadele Bollini
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ronchetti
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Colombo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bernardelli
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Calgani A, Iarlori M, Rizi V, Pace G, Bologna M, Vicentini C, Angelucci A. Serum 25(OH)D seasonality in urologic patients from central Italy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:361-366. [PMID: 27427862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is increasingly recognized as a cofactor in several diseases. In addition to bone homeostasis, vitamin D status influences immune system, muscle activity and cell differentiation in different tissues. Vitamin D is produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB rays, and sufficient levels of serum 25(OH)D are dependent mostly on adequate sun exposure, and then on specific physiologic variables, including skin type, age and Body Mass Index (BMI). In contrast with common belief, epidemiologic data are demonstrating that hypovitaminosis D must be a clinical concern not only in northern Countries. In our study, we investigated vitamin D status in a male population enrolled in a urology clinic of central Italy. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between vitamin D status and UVB irradiance measured in our region. The two principal pathologies in the 95 enrolled patients (mean age 66years) were benign prostate hypertrophy and prostate carcinoma. >50% of patients had serum 25(OH)D values in the deficient range (<20ng/mL), and only 16% of cases had serum vitamin D concentration higher than 30ng/mL (optimal range). The seasonal stratification of vitamin D concentrations revealed an evident trend with the minimum mean value recorded in April and a maximum mean value obtained in September. UVB irradiance measured by pyranometer in our region (Abruzzo, central Italy) revealed a large difference during the year, with winter months characterized by an UV irradiance about tenfold lower than summer months. Then we applied a mathematical model in order to evaluate the expected vitamin D production according to the standard erythemal dose measured in the different seasons. In winter months, the low available UVB radiation and the small exposed skin area resulted not sufficient to obtain the recommended serum doses of vitamin D. Although in summer months UVB irradiance was largely in excess to produce vitamin D in the skin, serum vitamin D resulted sufficient in September only in those patients who declared an outdoor time of at least 3h per day in the previous summer. In conclusion, hypovitaminosis D is largely represented in elderly persons in our region. Seasonal fluctuation in serum 25(OH)D was explained by a reduced availability of UVB in winter and by insufficient solar exposure in summer. The relatively high outdoor time that emerged to be correlated with sufficient serum 25(OH)D in autumn warrants further studies to individuate potential risk co-variables for hypovitaminosis D in elderly men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Calgani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università Degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Iarlori
- CETEMPS/Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università Degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rizi
- CETEMPS/Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università Degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianna Pace
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Bologna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carlo Vicentini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università Degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Wang EW, Collins AR, Pang MYC, Siu PPM, Lai CKY, Woo J, Benzie IFF. Vitamin D and oxidation-induced DNA damage: is there a connection? Mutagenesis 2016; 31:655-659. [PMID: 27401996 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation-induced damage to DNA can cause mutations, phenotypic changes and apoptosis. Agents that oppose such damage offer potential therapies for disease prevention. Vitamin D administration reportedly lowered DNA damage in type 2 diabetic mice, and higher DNA damage was reported in mononuclear cells of severely asthmatic patients who were vitamin D deficient. We hypothesised that lower vitamin D status associates with higher oxidation-induced DNA damage. Vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) is highly prevalent worldwide, and association with DNA damage has high potential importance and impact in regard to the future health of vitamin D deficient young adults. In this study, oxidation-induced DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of 121 young (18-26 years) adults was measured using the formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG)-assisted comet assay. Plasma 25(OH)D was measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Correlational analysis was performed between 25(OH)D and DNA damage. Differences in DNA damage across tertiles of 25(OH)D were explored using analysis of variance. DNA damage in those with 25(OH)D <50 nmol and ≥50 nmol/l was compared using the unpaired t-test. Mean (SD) DNA damage (as %DNA in comet tail) and plasma 25(OH)D were, respectively, 18.58 (3.39)% and 44.7 (13.03) nmol/l. Most (82/121; 68%) of the subjects were deficient in vitamin D (25(OH)D <50nmol/l). No significant correlation was seen between 25(OH)D and DNA damage (r = -0.0824; P > 0.05). No significant difference was seen across 25(OH)D tertiles: mean (SD) %DNA in comet tail/25(OH)D nmol/l values in lowest, middle and highest tertiles were, respectively, 18.64 (3.30)/31.6 (4.4), 18.90 (3.98)/42.9 (3.5), 18.19 (2.84)/59.9 (8.5), nor across the binary divide: 18.73 (3.63)% in <50nmol/l group vs. 18.27 (2.84)% in the ≥50 nmol/l group. No association between vitamin D and oxidation-induced DNA damage was observed, but vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in the young adults studied, and we cannot rule out an ameliorative effect of correction of vitamin D deficiency on DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Oslo, PO Box 1072, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Claudia K Y Lai
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Yuk Choi Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong and
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Khawaja N, Liswi M, El-Khateeb M, Hyassat D, Bajawi D, Elmohtaseb M, Alkhateeb H, Ajlouni K. Vitamin D Dosing Strategies Among Jordanians With Hypovitaminosis D. J Pharm Pract 2016; 30:172-179. [PMID: 26787629 DOI: 10.1177/0897190015626334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare between weekly and daily cholecalciferol in patients with hypovitaminosis D and to determine the optimal maintenance dose. METHODS Seventy-one volunteers with hypovitaminosis D were randomly assigned to 2 dose regimens: cholecalciferol 50 000 IU weekly for 8 weeks, then 50 000 IU monthly for 2 months (group A) and 7000 IU daily for 8 weeks, then 12 500 IU weekly for 2 months (group B). Cholecalciferol was stopped for 2 months and reintroduced as 50 000 IU bimonthly for group A and 50 000 IU monthly for group B. RESULTS Two months after therapy, the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level increased from 11.4 to 51.2 ng/mL and from 11.7 to 44.9 ng/mL in groups A and B, respectively ( P = .065). The levels of 25(OH)D declined similarly in both groups during maintenance and after holding therapy. After resuming cholecalciferol, 25(OH)D levels increased to 33.8 and 28.8 ng/mL in groups A and B, respectively ( P = .027). There was a negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and body mass index (BMI; P = .040). CONCLUSION Timing and frequency of the dosing (daily vs weekly) have no effect on the rise in serum 25(OH)D levels as long as the accumulative dose of cholecalciferol is similar. Cholecalciferol 50 000 IU bimonthly is required to maintain sufficient 25(OH)D levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Khawaja
- 1 The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Liswi
- 1 The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed El-Khateeb
- 1 The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dana Hyassat
- 1 The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dalila Bajawi
- 1 The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mayada Elmohtaseb
- 1 The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hussein Alkhateeb
- 1 The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kamel Ajlouni
- 1 The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Tsilidis KK, Papadimitriou N, Capothanassi D, Bamia C, Benetou V, Jenab M, Freisling H, Kee F, Nelen A, O'Doherty MG, Scott A, Soerjomataram I, Tjønneland A, May AM, Ramón Quirós J, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Brenner H, Schöttker B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Karina Dieffenbach A, Eriksson S, Bøgeberg Mathiesen E, Njølstad I, Siganos G, Wilsgaard T, Boffetta P, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A. Burden of Cancer in a Large Consortium of Prospective Cohorts in Europe. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw127. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
125
|
Krajewski W, Dzięgała M, Kołodziej A, Dembowski J, Zdrojowy R. Vitamin D and urological cancers. Cent European J Urol 2016; 69:139-47. [PMID: 27551550 PMCID: PMC4986303 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2016.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D controls calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Additionally, it has been proven that vitamin D is an important modulator of cellular differentiation and proliferation in a number of normal and malignant cells. Vitamin D can regulate proliferation, apoptosis, and cell adhesion at the tumor cell level. It also modifies tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis and also decreases oxidative DNA damage. Material and methods The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without time limit on October 2015 using the terms ‘vitamin D’ in conjunction with ‘kidney cancer’, ‘bladder cancer’, ‘prostate cancer’, and ‘testis cancer’. Autoalerts in Medline were also run and reference lists of original articles, review articles, and book chapters were searched for further eligible articles. Results In recent years, vitamin D has received vast attention due to suggestions that it may have a crucial role in the prevention and therapy of various cancers. Many epidemiologic studies have reported the impact of VD3 on preventing several cancers and other pathologies. Assuming that vitamin D status changes cancer risk, enough vitamin D supply would be an easy, economical, and safe cancer incidence and mortality reduction method. However, despite numerous researches, the role of vitamin D in cancer incidence and therapy remains unclear. Conclusions The impact of vitamin D is well described in breast, colon, and prostate cancer; yet, there is only little published about other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Krajewski
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dzięgała
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kołodziej
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janusz Dembowski
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Romuald Zdrojowy
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Morrone LF, Bolasco P, Camerini C, Cianciolo G, Cupisti A, Galassi A, Mazzaferro S, Russo D, Russo L, Cozzolino M. Vitamin D in patients with chronic kidney disease: a position statement of the Working Group "Trace Elements and Mineral Metabolism" of the Italian Society of Nephrology. J Nephrol 2016; 29:305-328. [PMID: 27062486 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the late 1970s, calcitriol was introduced into clinical practice for the management of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since then, the use of calcifediol or other native forms of vitamin D was largely ignored until the publication of the 2009 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) recommendations. The guidelines suggested that measurement of circulating levels of 25(OH)D (calcifediol) and its supplementation were to be performed on the same basis as for the general population. This indication was based on the fact that the precursors of active vitamin D had provided to CKD patients considerable benefits in survival, mainly due to their pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system. However, despite the long-term use of various classes of vitamin D in CKD, a clear definition is still lacking concerning the most appropriate time for initiation of therapy, the best compound to prescribe (active metabolites or analogs), the proper dosage, and the most suitable duration of therapy. The aim of this position statement is to provide and critically appraise the current plentiful evidence on vitamin D in different clinical settings related to CKD, particularly focusing on outcomes, monitoring and treatment-associated risks. However, it should be taken in account that position statements are meant to provide guidance; therefore, they are not to be considered prescriptive for all patients and, importantly, they cannot replace the judgment of clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Francesco Morrone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico", Bari, Italy.
| | - Pergiorgio Bolasco
- Territorial Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis-ASL 8 of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Corrado Camerini
- Operative Unit of Nephrology, AO Spedali Civili di Brescia and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cianciolo
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adamasco Cupisti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Cardiovascular Respiratory Nephrologic Anesthetic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Renal Division and Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Ordóñez-Mena JM, Schöttker B, Fedirko V, Jenab M, Olsen A, Halkjær J, Kampman E, de Groot L, Jansen E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Siganos G, Wilsgaard T, Perna L, Holleczek B, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Orfanos P, Trichopoulou A, Boffetta P, Brenner H. Pre-diagnostic vitamin D concentrations and cancer risks in older individuals: an analysis of cohorts participating in the CHANCES consortium. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:311-23. [PMID: 25977096 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with total and site-specific cancer incidence have been examined in several epidemiological studies with overall inconclusive findings. Very little is known about the association of vitamin D with cancer incidence in older populations. We assessed the association of pre-diagnostic serum 25(OH)D levels with incidence of all cancers combined and incidence of lung, colorectal, breast, prostate and lymphoid malignancies among older adults. Pre-diagnostic 25(OH)D concentrations and cancer incidence were available in total for 15,486 older adults (mean age 63, range 50-84 years) participating in two cohort studies: ESTHER (Germany) and TROMSØ (Norway); and a subset of previously published nested-case control data from a another cohort study: EPIC-Elderly (Greece, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain and Sweden) from the CHANCES consortium on health and aging. Cox proportional hazards or logistic regression were used to derive multivariable adjusted hazard and odds ratios, respectively, and their 95% confidence intervals across 25(OH)D categories. Meta-analyses with random effects models were used to pool study-specific risk estimates. Overall, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were not significantly associated with increased incidence of most of the cancers assessed. However, there was some evidence of increased breast cancer and decreased lymphoma risk with higher 25(OH)D concentrations. Our meta-analyses with individual participant data from three large European population-based cohort studies provide at best limited support for the hypothesis that vitamin D may have a major role in cancer development and prevention among European older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Ordóñez-Mena
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Network of Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jytte Halkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene Jansen
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Galatios Siganos
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Perna
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Philippos Orfanos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- The German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Naesgaard PA, León de la Fuente RA, Nilsen ST, Pönitz V, Brügger-Andersen T, Grundt H, Staines H, Nilsen DWT. Suggested Cut-Off Values for Vitamin D as a Risk Marker for Total and Cardiac Death in Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:4. [PMID: 26955633 PMCID: PMC4767896 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have demonstrated an association between low vitamin D levels and cardiovascular risk. Vitamin D cut-off levels are still under debate. Objectives To assess two cut-off levels, 40 and 70 nmol/L, respectively, for vitamin D measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D in chest pain patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Methods We investigated 1853 patients from coastal-Norway and inland Northern-Argentina. A similar database was used for pooling of data. Two-year follow-up data including all-cause mortality, cardiac death, and sudden cardiac death in the total patient population were analyzed, applying univariate and multivariable analysis. Results Two hundred fifty-five patients with known vitamin D concentrations died. In the multivariable analysis, there was a decrease in total mortality above a cut-off level of 40 nmol/L and a decrease in cardiac death above a cut-off level of 70 nmol/L [HRs of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.50–0.88), p = 0.004 and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.22–0.94), p = 0.034, respectively]. Conclusion Vitamin D cut-off levels of 40 and 70 nmol/L were related to total mortality and cardiac death, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja A Naesgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ricardo A León de la Fuente
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Cardiology Research Institute, Catholic University of Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Stein Tore Nilsen
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Volker Pönitz
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway
| | | | - Heidi Grundt
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Dennis W T Nilsen
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Müezzinler A, Mons U, Dieffenbach AK, Butterbach K, Saum KU, Schick M, Stammer H, Boukamp P, Holleczek B, Stegmaier C, Brenner H. Body mass index and leukocyte telomere length dynamics among older adults: Results from the ESTHER cohort. Exp Gerontol 2016; 74:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
130
|
Fakler JKM, Grafe A, Dinger J, Josten C, Aust G. Perioperative risk factors in patients with a femoral neck fracture - influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and C-reactive protein on postoperative medical complications and 1-year mortality. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:51. [PMID: 26833068 PMCID: PMC4736308 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-0906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with postoperative medical complications and one year mortality of elderly patients sustaining a low-energy cervical hip fracture scheduled for surgery. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency and CRP in these patients might be associated with an increased 1-year mortality. Methods The prospective single-center cohort study included 209 patients with a low-energy medial femoral neck fracture; 164 women aged over 50 years and 45 men aged over 60 years. Referring to 1-year mortality and postoperative medical complications multiple logistic regression analysis including 10 co-variables (age, sex, BMI, ASA, creatinine, CRP, leukocytes hemoglobin, 25(OH)D, vitamin D supplementation at follow-up) was performed. Results Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in 87 % of all patients. In patients with severe (<10 ng/ml) and moderate (10–20 ng/ml) vitamin D deficiency one year mortality was 29 % and 13 %, respectively, compared to 9 % in patients with > 20 ng/ml 25(OH)D levels (p =0.027). Patients with a mild (CRP 10–39.9 mg/l) or active inflammatory response (CRP ≥ 40 mg/l) showed a higher one year mortality of 33 % and 40 % compared to 16 % in patients with no (CRP < 10 mg/l) inflammatory response (p = 0.002). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified CRP (OR 1.01, 95 % CI 1.00-1.02; p = 0.007), but not 25(OH)D (OR 0.97, 95 % CI 0.89-1.05; p = 0.425) as an independent predictor for one year mortality. 20 % of patients suffered in-hospital postoperative medical complications (i.e. pneumonia, thromboembolic events, etc.). 25(OH)D (OR 0.89, 95 % CI 0.81–0.97; p = 0.010), but not CRP (OR 1.01, 95 % CI 1.00-1.02; p = 0.139), was identified as an independent risk factor. Conclusion In elderly patients with low-energy cervical hip fracture, 25(OH)D is independently associated with postoperative medical complications and CRP is an independent predictor of one year mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes K M Fakler
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Antonia Grafe
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jamila Dinger
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christoph Josten
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Aust
- Research Laboratories of the Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig AöR, Liebigstr. 20, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Rosanoff A, Dai Q, Shapses SA. Essential Nutrient Interactions: Does Low or Suboptimal Magnesium Status Interact with Vitamin D and/or Calcium Status? Adv Nutr 2016; 7:25-43. [PMID: 26773013 PMCID: PMC4717874 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although much is known about magnesium, its interactions with calcium and vitamin D are less well studied. Magnesium intake is low in populations who consume modern processed-food diets. Low magnesium intake is associated with chronic diseases of global concern [e.g., cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and skeletal disorders], as is low vitamin D status. No simple, reliable biomarker for whole-body magnesium status is currently available, which makes clinical assessment and interpretation of human magnesium research difficult. Between 1977 and 2012, US calcium intakes increased at a rate 2-2.5 times that of magnesium intakes, resulting in a dietary calcium to magnesium intake ratio of >3.0. Calcium to magnesium ratios <1.7 and >2.8 can be detrimental, and optimal ratios may be ∼2.0. Background calcium to magnesium ratios can affect studies of either mineral alone. For example, US studies (background Ca:Mg >3.0) showed benefits of high dietary or supplemental magnesium for CVD, whereas similar Chinese studies (background Ca:Mg <1.7) showed increased risks of CVD. Oral vitamin D is widely recommended in US age-sex groups with low dietary magnesium. Magnesium is a cofactor for vitamin D biosynthesis, transport, and activation; and vitamin D and magnesium studies both showed associations with several of the same chronic diseases. Research on possible magnesium and vitamin D interactions in these human diseases is currently rare. Increasing calcium to magnesium intake ratios, coupled with calcium and vitamin D supplementation coincident with suboptimal magnesium intakes, may have unknown health implications. Interactions of low magnesium status with calcium and vitamin D, especially during supplementation, require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Dai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
Schöttker B, Saum KU, Jansen EHJM, Holleczek B, Brenner H. Associations of metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers with total morbidity and multi-morbidity in a large cohort of older German adults. Age Ageing 2016; 45:127-35. [PMID: 26563887 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND imbalances in metabolic, inflammatory and redox homeostasis play an important role in the leading theories of age-related morbidity, but no large-scale epidemiological study has been conducted so far assessing their associations with total morbidity and multi-morbidity in the same model. METHODS analyses were conducted in 2,547 participants of an established population-based cohort study from Germany. The participants' median age was 70 years (range: 57-84) and 51.9% were women. End points were total somatic morbidity and multi-morbidity, assessed by the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric version. RESULTS overall, 251 study participants had multi-morbidity (9.9%). Except for the redox marker 'total thiol levels of proteins', all other assessed metabolic (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension), inflammatory (C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress markers (derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites) were significantly associated with total somatic morbidity and multi-morbidity if assessed individually. If modelled jointly, effect estimates were attenuated but remained statistically significant for the outcome 'total morbidity' and for low weight, obesity, insufficiently controlled diabetes and derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites with respect to the outcome 'multi-morbidity'. CONCLUSIONS results from this large sample of older adults support hypotheses that relate imbalances in metabolic, inflammatory and redox homeostasis to age-related morbidity. Despite over adjustment for closely related metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions in the full model, independent associations of the markers with total morbidity and/or multi-morbidity were observed. Therefore, adverse metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions may all play important roles in the pathogenesis of age-related morbidity, which should be investigated further in future longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eugène H J M Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Zostautiene I, Jorde R, Schirmer H, Mathiesen EB, Njølstad I, Løchen ML, Wilsgaard T, Joakimsen RM, Kamycheva E. Genetic Variations in the Vitamin D Receptor Predict Type 2 Diabetes and Myocardial Infarction in a Community-Based Population: The Tromsø Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145359. [PMID: 26699871 PMCID: PMC4689352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though the associations between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI), cancer, and mortality are well-studied, the effect of supplementation with vitamin D is uncertain. This may be related to genetic differences. Thus, rs7968585, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), has recently been reported as a predictor of composite health outcome. We therefore aimed to evaluate whether rs7968585 predicts separate clinical outcomes such as T2D, MI, cancer, and mortality in a community-based Norwegian population. METHODS AND FINDINGS Measurements and DNA were obtained from the participants in the Tromsø Study in 1994-1995, registered with the outcomes of interest and a randomly selected control group. The impact of the rs7968585 genotypes was evaluated with Cox proportional hazards. A total of 8,461 subjects were included among whom 1,054 subjects were registered with T2D, 2,287 with MI, 3,166 with cancer, and 4,336 with death. Mean follow-up time from birth was 60.8 years for T2D and MI, 61.2 years for cancer, while mean follow-up time from examination date was 16.5 years for survival. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels did not differ across the rs7968585 genotypes. With the major homozygote genotype as reference, the minor homozygote subjects had hazard ratios of 1.25 (95% CI 1.05-1.49) for T2D and 1.14 (1.02-1.28) for MI (P = 0.011 and 0.023, respectively, without the Bonferroni correction). No significant interaction between serum 25(OH)D status and the rs7968585 genotype was found for any of the endpoints. CONCLUSIONS The VDR-related SNP rs7968585 minor allele is a significant and positive predictor for T2D and possibly for MI. Since the functional mechanism of this SNP is not yet understood, and the association with T2D is reported for the first time, confirmatory studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Zostautiene
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Rolf Jorde
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv Bøgeberg Mathiesen
- Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ragnar Martin Joakimsen
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elena Kamycheva
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Schöttker B, Brenner H, Jansen EHJM, Gardiner J, Peasey A, Kubínová R, Pająk A, Topor-Madry R, Tamosiunas A, Saum KU, Holleczek B, Pikhart H, Bobak M. Evidence for the free radical/oxidative stress theory of ageing from the CHANCES consortium: a meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMC Med 2015; 13:300. [PMID: 26666526 PMCID: PMC4678534 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The free radical/oxidative stress theory of ageing has received considerable attention, but the evidence on the association of oxidative stress markers with mortality is sparse. METHODS We measured derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolite (D-ROM) levels as a proxy for the reactive oxygen species concentration and total thiol levels (TTL) as a proxy for the redox control status in 10,622 men and women (age range, 45-85 years), from population-based cohorts from Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, and Lithuania, of whom 1,702 died during follow-up. RESULTS Both oxidative stress markers were significantly associated with all-cause mortality independently from established risk factors (including inflammation) and from each other in all cohorts. Regarding cause-specific mortality, compared to low D-ROM levels (≤ 340 Carr U), very high D-ROM levels (>500 Carr U) were strongly associated with both cardiovascular (relative risk (RR), 5.09; 95 % CI, 2.67-9.69) and cancer mortality (RR, 4.34; 95 % CI, 2.31-8.16). TTL was only associated with CVD mortality (RR, 1.30; 95 % CI, 1.15-1.48, for one-standard-deviation-decrease). The strength of the association of TTL with CVD mortality increased with age of the participants (RR for one-standard-deviation-decrease in those aged 70-85 years was 1.65; 95 % CI, 1.22-2.24). CONCLUSIONS In these four population-based cohort studies from Central and Eastern Europe, the oxidative stress serum markers D-ROM and TTL were independently and strongly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition, D-ROM levels were also strongly associated with cancer mortality. This study provides epidemiological evidence supporting the free radical/oxidative stress theory of ageing and suggests that d-ROMs and TTL are useful oxidative stress markers associated with premature mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Strasse 20, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Strasse 20, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eugène H J M Jansen
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Gardiner
- Department Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, Great Britain
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, Great Britain
| | | | - Andrzej Pająk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roman Topor-Madry
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Präsident Baltz-Strasse 5, 66119, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, Great Britain
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, Great Britain
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Vitamin D, precocious acute myocardial infarction, and exceptional longevity. Int J Cardiol 2015; 199:405-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
136
|
Davies JS, Poole CD, Feldschreiber P. The medico-legal aspects of prescribing vitamin D. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 78:1257-63. [PMID: 25047693 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a particularly important sterol hormone and its effects beyond bone are increasingly recognized. Over the last decade clinical interest has grown in vitamin D, with increased recognition of deficiency and hence increased prescribing of vitamin D products. However, the increased prescription of vitamin D has generally been met with unlicensed vitamin D products which potentially expose the patient to clinical risk. This review discusses the issues relating to the clinical use of unlicensed vitamin D products, safety concerns that may arise from this, as well as discussing the medico-legal responsibilities of the prescriber and dispenser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Davies
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XJ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Medication Underuse in Aging Outpatients with Cardiovascular Disease: Prevalence, Determinants, and Outcomes in a Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136339. [PMID: 26288222 PMCID: PMC4544845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in older people, and the impact of being exposed or not exposed to preventive cardiovascular medicines is accordingly high. Underutilization of beneficial drugs is common, but prevalence estimates differ across settings, knowledge on predictors is limited, and clinical consequences are rarely investigated. METHODS Using data from a prospective population-based cohort study, we assessed the prevalence, determinants, and outcomes of medication underuse based on cardiovascular criteria from Screening Tool To Alert to Right Treatment (START). RESULTS Medication underuse was present in 69.1% of 1454 included participants (mean age 71.1 ± 6.1 years) and was significantly associated with frailty (odds ratio: 2.11 [95% confidence interval: 1.24-3.63]), body mass index (1.03 [1.01-1.07] per kg/m2), and inversely with the number of prescribed drugs (0.84 [0.79-0.88] per drug). Using this information for adjustment in a follow-up evaluation (mean follow-up time 2.24 years) on cardiovascular and competing outcomes, we found no association of medication underuse with cardiovascular events (fatal and non-fatal) (hazard ratio: 1.00 [0.65-1.56]), but observed a significant association of medication underuse with competing deaths from non-cardiovascular causes (2.52 [1.01-6.30]). CONCLUSION Medication underuse was associated with frailty and adverse non-cardiovascular clinical outcomes. This may suggest that cardiovascular drugs were withheld because of serious co-morbidity or that concurrent illness can preclude benefit from cardiovascular prevention. In the latter case, adapted prescribing criteria should be developed and evaluated in those patients.
Collapse
|
138
|
Müezzinler A, Mons U, Dieffenbach AK, Butterbach K, Saum KU, Schick M, Stammer H, Boukamp P, Holleczek B, Stegmaier C, Brenner H. Smoking habits and leukocyte telomere length dynamics among older adults: Results from the ESTHER cohort. Exp Gerontol 2015; 70:18-25. [PMID: 26255046 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortens with age and short LTL has been associated with increased mortality and increased risk for some age-related outcomes. This study aims to analyse the associations of smoking habits with LTL and rate of LTL change per year in older adults. METHODS LTL was measured by quantitative PCR at baseline in 3600 older adults, who were enrolled in a population-based cohort study in Germany. For longitudinal analyses, measurements were repeated in blood samples obtained at 8-year follow-up from 1000 participants. Terminal Restriction Fragment analysis was additionally performed in a sub-sample to obtain absolute LTL in base pairs. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate associations of smoking habits with baseline LTL and changes in LTL over time. RESULTS LTL was inversely associated with age (r=-0.090, p<0.0001). Women had longer LTL than men (p<0.0001). Smoking was inversely associated with LTL. On average, current smokers had 73 base pairs (BP) shorter LTL compared to never smokers. Smoking intensity and pack-years of smoking were also inversely associated with LTL, and a positive association was observed with years since smoking cessation. Slower LTL attrition rates were observed in ever smokers over 8years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our cross-sectional analysis supports suggestions that smoking might contribute to shortening of LTL but this relationship could not be shown longitudinally. The overall rather small effect sizes observed for smoking-related variables suggest that LTL reflects smoking-related health hazards only to a very limited extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Müezzinler
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Network Aging Research (NAR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Mons
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schick
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Stammer
- Division of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Boukamp
- Division of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Präsident-Baltz-Straße 5, 66119 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christa Stegmaier
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Präsident-Baltz-Straße 5, 66119 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Muller DC, Scelo G, Zaridze D, Janout V, Holcatova I, Navratilova M, Mates D, Midttun Ø, Ueland PM, Brennan P, Johansson M. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and survival after diagnosis with kidney cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1277-81. [PMID: 26021552 PMCID: PMC4526455 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective cohort studies have provided some evidence that circulating vitamin D is associated with risk of, and survival from, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but it is unclear whether concentrations of vitamin D at the time of diagnosis of RCC are associated with prognosis. We conducted a case-cohort study of 630 RCC cases, including 203 deaths, from a multicenter case-control study in Eastern Europe. Vitamin D was assessed as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], and we used weighted Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by categories of season-adjusted 25(OH)D3. Higher concentrations of 25(OH)D3 were associated with lower risk of death after adjusting for stage, age, sex, and country (HR highest vs. lowest category 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97). The inverse associations of 25(OH)D3 with death were most notable among those who died from non-RCC causes and those diagnosed with early-stage disease. In summary, 25(OH)D3 concentration at diagnosis of RCC was inversely associated with all-cause mortality rates, but not specifically with RCC outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Muller
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - David Zaridze
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Vollmer-Conna U, Cvejic E, Granville Smith I, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Parker G. Characterising acute coronary syndrome-associated depression: Let the data speak. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:19-28. [PMID: 25770081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression in the context of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is understood to confer increased morbidity and mortality risk. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood, although several candidates including inflammation, cardiac autonomic dysregulation, and behavioural factors are viewed as of key importance. No single bio-behavioural explanatory model of ACS-associated depression has emerged, likely due the substantial heterogeneity across both conditions. We studied 344 patients with ACS; 45 fulfilled diagnostic (DSM-IV) criteria for a major depressive episode occurring within 1-month of ACS, and 13 had ongoing major depression that pre-dated ACS and continued through to 1 month post-ACS. We employed two statistical methods (multinomial logistic regression; and latent class analysis) and a range of immunological, autonomic and nutritional markers in an attempt to characterise a biological basis for ACS-associated depression. Regression modelling failed to accurately predict categorical group membership of ACS-associated depression. An alternative data-driven approach produced a three-class solution, with the derived classes differing on measure of C-reactive protein, vitamin D, omega-6:omega-3 ratio, heart rate variability, and age (all p⩽0.004). The majority of participants with ACS-associated and ongoing depression were members of the class characterised by the greatest biological disturbance. Patients with depression differed from those without depression on a range of psychological trait and state variables; additionally reporting poorer sleep quality, higher levels of social isolation, and functional impairment, but had similar biological profiles. Patients with ongoing depression generally had higher scores on these psychological/behavioural measures. Our novel analytic approach identified a combination of biomarkers suggestive of a role for immune, autonomic, and nutritional pathways in the manifestation of depression during ACS, in the context of additional psychosocial and behavioural vulnerabilities. Further studies are required to confirm the causal role of these factors in perpetuating depression and increasing risk of poor-health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Cvejic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Schöttker B, Zhang Y, Heiss JA, Butterbach K, Jansen EHJM, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Saum KU, Holleczek B, Brenner H. Discovery of a novel epigenetic cancer marker related to the oxidative status of human blood. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:583-94. [PMID: 26173806 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting oxidative stress exposure may lead to relatively stable epigenetic modifications of the DNA in order to activate anti-oxidative defence mechanisms. Oxidative stress related DNA methylation may therefore be associated (causally or as a by-product) with cancer. We measured derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (D-ROM), total thiol levels (TTL) and DNA methylation with the Illumina Infinium 450K BeadChip in three samples of German individuals aged ≥50 years: n = 1,000 ESTHER study baseline participants (DNA methylation only), n = 99 ESTHER eight-year follow-up participants and n = 142 participants of the BLITZ study. The correlation coefficient of methylation at cg10342304 and D-ROM in the ESTHER 8-year follow-up sample (r = -0.427; P = 1 × 10(-5)) was replicated with a P-value indicating statistical significance after correction for multiple testing in the BLITZ sample (r = -0.192; P = 0.022). The association was robust to adjusting for potential confounders. In the ESTHER baseline sample, the hazard ratio for cancer development in 11 years of follow-up comparing bottom and top quartile of DNA methylation at cg10342304 was 1.86 (95%-confidence-interval 1.01-3.43). In summary, this first epigenome-wide screening and replication study with oxidative status markers observed a negative correlation of D-ROM levels and DNA methylation at cg10342304 in two independent cohorts. This CpG site is located in the body region of the nucleoredoxin gene. The nucleoredoxin protein is a redox-dependent inhibitor of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, a well-characterized cancer pathway. If the observed CpG-cancer association can be successfully replicated by other studies, this epigenetic marker could be an interesting biomarker of cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Heiss
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eugène H J M Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Bewerunge-Hudler
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities Expression Profiling, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Freigofas J, Seidling HM, Quinzler R, Schöttker B, Saum KU, Brenner H, Haefeli WE. Characteristics of medication schedules used by elderly ambulatory patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 71:1109-20. [PMID: 26105963 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-015-1888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the prevalence and quality of medication schedules of elderly ambulatory patients and assessed factors associated with the availability of a medication schedule. In particular, we evaluated whether sending out a blank medication schedule template would increase the chances to use such a document. METHODS Data originate from the ESTHER study, a cohort study conducted in Saarland, Germany, in which trained study physicians performed home visits. They scanned all medication schedules, recorded the participants' medication, and performed thorough geriatric assessments. As part of the intervention, a blank medication schedule template along with a brochure was mailed to half of the participants (intervention group) 4 weeks prior to the home visits. RESULTS In total, 553 of 2470 participants (22.4 %) had a medication schedule. Almost two thirds of the schedules were issued by health care professionals (n = 353, 63.8 %). These schedules offered a higher quality, although important information such as over-the-counter (OTC) medication was regularly missing. Self-reported adherence was higher in participants who used self-issued medication schedules; however, self-reported medication adherence in patients with any medication schedule was poorer compared to those patients not using a schedule. Factors associated with the availability of a medication schedule were male sex, a higher number of medicines to take, and a more complex drug regimen. The intervention did not increase the number of patients having a medication schedule. CONCLUSION Only a minority of elderly ambulatory patients had a medication schedule at home. Sending out a brochure along with a blank medication schedule template did not increase the prevalence of medication schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Freigofas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate risk factors associated with posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) development and the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and etiology of PSC. METHODS Of 195 consecutive patients from a private ophthalmology practice, diagnosed with PSC, serum vitamin D3 (25-OH D) levels were obtained for 175, and associations among risk factors, comorbidities, and PSC were assessed. RESULTS In all 175 PSC patients, mean 25-OH D levels were low (24 ng/mL ±11 SD) compared with age/sex-matched standards. Significant differences in 25-OH D levels were noted between PSC subjects taking/not taking calcium supplements, systemic steroids, osteoporosis medications, etc. Alone, smoking status and calcium channel blockers and/or topical steroids use made no significant difference in PSC subjects 25-OH D levels, but two or more of these factors were associated with lowered levels of 25-OH D (P<0.001). Low vitamin D was correlated with female sex, autoimmune disease, and non-skin cancer diagnosis, but not with age, or other comorbidities or medication use. In five early-stage PSC patients taking 5,000 IU of 25-OH D daily for vitamin D deficiency, there was resolution of their cataracts during the 2-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION Vitamin D levels for most PSC patients fell below the 30 ng/mL calcium homeostasis threshold. Some comorbidities and non-ophthalmic interventions are associated with the development of PSC at less depressed levels of 25-OH D. In this series, vitamin D deficiency was associated with PSC cataract, suggesting that raising the level of vitamin D intake may reduce PSC incidence.
Collapse
|
144
|
Bozorgmehr K, Maier W, Brenner H, Saum KU, Stock C, Miksch A, Holleczek B, Szecsenyi J, Razum O. Social disparities in Disease Management Programmes for coronary heart disease in Germany: a cross-classified multilevel analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:1091-101. [PMID: 26082518 PMCID: PMC4680139 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Disease Management Programmes (DMPs) aim to improve effectiveness and equity of care but may suffer from selective enrolment. We analysed social disparities in DMP enrolment among elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Germany, taking into account contextual effects at municipality and primary care practice levels. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of effects of educational attainment and regional deprivation on physician-reported DMP enrolment in a subsample of a large population-based cohort study in Germany, adjusting for individual-level, practice-level and area-level variables. We calculated OR and their 95% CIs (95% CI) in cross-classified, multilevel logistic regression models. Results Among N=1280 individuals with CHD (37.3% women), DMP enrolment rates were 22.2% (women) and 35% (men). The odds of DMP enrolment were significantly higher for male patients (OR=1.98 (1.50 to 2.62)), even after adjustment for potential confounding by individual-level, practice-level and area-level variables (range: OR=1.60 (1.08 to 2.36) to 2.16 (1.57 to 2.98)). Educational attainment was not significantly associated with DMP enrolment. Compared to patients living in least-deprived municipalities, the adjusted propensity of DMP enrolment was statistically significantly lower for patients living in medium-deprived municipalities (OR=0.41 (0.24 to 0.71)), and it also tended to be lower for patients living in the most-deprived municipalities (OR=0.70 (0.40 to 1.21)). Models controlling for the social situation (instead of health-related behaviour) yielded comparable effect estimates (medium-deprived/most-deprived vs least-deprived areas: OR=0.45 (0.26 to 0.78)/OR=0.68 (0.33 to 1.19)). Controlling for differences in comorbidity attenuated the deprivation effect estimates. Conclusions We found evidence for marked gender, but not educational disparities in DMP enrolment among patients with CHD. Small-area deprivation was associated with DMP enrolment, but the effects were partly explained by differences in comorbidity. Future studies on DMPs should consider contextual effects when analysing programme effectiveness or impacts on equity and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Bozorgmehr
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Werner Maier
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Stock
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Miksch
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Szecsenyi
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Razum
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Recommended intakes of vitamin D to optimise health, associated circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and dosing regimens to treat deficiency: workshop report and overview of current literature. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e23. [PMID: 26090099 PMCID: PMC4463009 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble hormone that traditionally has been linked to bone health. Recently, its involvement has been extended to other (extra-skeletal) disease areas, such as cancer, CVD, energy metabolism and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem, and several recommendation-setting bodies have published guidelines for adequate vitamin D intake and status. However, recommendations from, for example, the Health Council of the Netherlands do not provide advice on how to treat vitamin D deficiency, a condition that is often encountered in the clinic. In addition, these recommendations provide guidelines for the maintenance of 'minimum levels', and do not advise on 'optimum levels' of vitamin D intake/status to further improve health. The NutriProfiel project, a collaboration between the Gelderse Vallei Hospital (Ede, the Netherlands) and the Division of Human Nutrition of Wageningen University (Wageningen, the Netherlands), was initiated to formulate a protocol for the treatment of vitamin deficiency and for the maintenance of optimal vitamin D status. To discuss the controversies around treatment of deficiency and optimal vitamin D status and intakes, a workshop meeting was organised with clinicians, scientists and dietitians. In addition, a literature review was conducted to collect recent information on optimal intake of vitamins, their optimal circulating concentrations, and effective dosing regimens to treat deficiency. This information has been translated into the NutriProfiel advice, which is outlined in this article.
Collapse
|
146
|
Vitamin D deficiency--prognostic marker or mortality risk factor in end stage renal disease patients with diabetes mellitus treated with hemodialysis--a prospective multicenter study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126586. [PMID: 25965403 PMCID: PMC4428845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher mortality rate and an increase prevalence of vitamin D deficiency compared to those without DM. It is still debated if vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor or a prognostic marker for mortality in these patients. This study investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its impact on all-cause mortality in HD patients with DM. METHODS Our prospective non-interventional cohort study included 600 patients on hemodialysis therapy (HD) (median aged 56, interquartile range (19) years, 332 (55.3%) males) recruited from 7 HD centers, from all main geographical regions of Romania. The prevalence of DM was 15.3%. They were then followed regarding: dialysis duration, dialysis efficiency, renal anemia, CKD-MBD, inflammatory status and comorbidities: coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and stroke. The deficiency of 25-OH vitamin D was defined as a value lower than 12 ng/mL. RESULTS Patients were followed for 3 years. The overall 3 year mortality was 25.5% (153 individuals), being higher in patients with DM as compared to those without DM (33.7% vs. 24.0%; P = 0.049). The time-related prognosis was also influenced by the presence of DM, at the survival analysis resulting in a HR of 1.52 [1.03 to 2.26] 95% CI, P = 0.037, for death in dialyzed patients with DM. In DM patients, 25-OH vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher (37.0% compared to 24.0%, P = 0.009). Furthermore, in patients with DM we observed a shorter dialysis duration (2 vs. 3 years, P<0.001) and a lower intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (258.0 pg/ml vs. 441.9 pg/ml, P = 0.002). Regarding the presence of comorbidities at the inclusion in the study, the presence of diabetes in dialyzed patients was associated with increased prevalence of CAD (87.0% vs. 58.1%, P<0.001), PVD (67.4% vs. 17.3%, P<0.001) and history of stroke (29.3% vs. 14.0%, P<0.001). In patients with DM the presence of 25-OH vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of death (50.0% vs. 24.1%; P = 0.011). In multiple Cox proportional hazards analysis, vitamin D deficiency remained an independent predictor for mortality in dialysis patients with DM (HR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.43, P = 0.003). In the same time, multiple Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that age (HR = 1.02 per one year increase, P = 0.004), CAD (HR = 1.55, P = 0.046) and PVD (HR = 1.50, P = 0.029) were independent predictors for mortality in dialysis patients with DM. CONCLUSIONS ESRD patients with DM treated with HD have a higher overall mortality than non-DM patients. Vitamin D deficiency is significantly more prevalent in HD patients with DM. Low 25-OH vitamin D levels were associated with increased all-cause mortality in these patients. According to our data, in HD patients with DM, screening for vitamin D deficiency (and its correction) should be mandatory for an optimal risk reduction strategy.
Collapse
|
147
|
Schöttker B, Brenner H. Vitamin D as a Resilience Factor, Helpful for Survival of Potentially Fatal Conditions: A Hypothesis Emerging from Recent Findings of the ESTHER Cohort Study and the CHANCES Consortium. Nutrients 2015; 7:3264-78. [PMID: 25954901 PMCID: PMC4446751 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is debate on whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for major chronic diseases and premature death or whether observed associations were just confounded by general health status. Here, we review recent results from the Epidemiologische Studie zu Chancen der Verhütung, Früherkennung und optimierten Therapie chronischer Erkrankungen in der älteren Bevölkerung (ESTHER) cohort study and the Consortium on Heatlh and Ageing: Network of Cohorts from Europe and the United States (CHANCES) that suggest that vitamin D deficiency may not be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer but may be a risk factor for fatal instances of these diseases. Furthermore, analyses comprehensively adjusted for the health status showed that the association of vitamin D and mortality was very likely not confounded by general health status. These results suggest that vitamin D could be a marker of resilience to fatality of potentially fatal diseases. Sufficient vitamin D serum concentrations may be needed to regulate the response of the immune system when it is challenged by severe diseases to prevent a fatal course of the disease. If this hypothesis can be verified through basic research studies and adequately designed randomized controlled trials, it could have important public health implications because vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide, and interventions could be implemented easily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schöttker
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Saum KU, Dieffenbach AK, Jansen EHJM, Schöttker B, Holleczek B, Hauer K, Brenner H. Association between Oxidative Stress and Frailty in an Elderly German Population: Results from the ESTHER Cohort Study. Gerontology 2015; 61:407-15. [PMID: 25924722 DOI: 10.1159/000380881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory biomarkers have been postulated to be important factors in the development of age-related diseases. While causes of frailty are complex and multidimensional based on the interaction of genetic, biological, physical, and environmental factors, the biological basis of frailty has been difficult to establish. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to assess the possible association between different OS and inflammatory biomarkers and frailty. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis was performed among 2,518 subjects participating in a large population-based cohort study on aging conducted in Germany. Frailty was assessed as proposed by Fried et al. [J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:M146-M156]. OS biomarkers, biological antioxidant potential (BAP), derivate of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) and total thiol levels (TTL), and an established biomarker of inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by spectrophotometry and immunoturbidimetry. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationship between the OS biomarkers and frailty status. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to quantify the associations. RESULTS Mean levels of d-ROM, TTL, and CRP differed between frail and non-frail participants (p values <0.0001). Comparing highest and lowest quartiles of the biomarkers, statistically significant positive associations with frailty were observed for d-ROM (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.25-3.25) and CRP (OR: 3.15, 95% CI: 2.00-4.96), respectively, after controlling for age and sex. An inverse statistically significant association with frailty was observed for TTL (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25-0.69). CONCLUSION The strong associations with OS biomarkers and CRP support a major role of OS and inflammation in the development of frailty, which should be followed up in further longitudinal studies on frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Mann MC, Hollenberg MD, Hanley DA, Ahmed SB. Vitamin D, the autonomic nervous system, and cardiovascular risk. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12349. [PMID: 25902783 PMCID: PMC4425957 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A Hanley
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sofia B Ahmed
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Bozorgmehr K, San Sebastian M, Brenner H, Razum O, Maier W, Saum KU, Holleczek B, Miksch A, Szecsenyi J. Analysing horizontal equity in enrolment in Disease Management Programmes for coronary heart disease in Germany 2008-2010. Int J Equity Health 2015; 14:28. [PMID: 25879523 PMCID: PMC4357160 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease Management Programmes (DMPs) have been introduced in Germany ten years ago with the aim to improve effectiveness and equity of care, but little is known about the degree to which enrolment in the programme meets the principles of equity in health care. We aimed to analyse horizontal equity in DMP enrolment among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of horizontal inequities in physician-reported enrolment in the DMP for CHD in a large population-based cohort-study in Germany (2008-2010). We calculated horizontal inequity indices (HII) and their 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] for predicted need-standardised DMP enrolment across two measures of socio-economic status (SES) (educational attainment, regional deprivation) stratified by sex. Need-standardised DMP enrolment was predicted in multi-level logistic regression models. RESULTS Among N = 1,280 individuals aged 55-84 years and diagnosed with CHD, DMP enrolment rates were 22.2% (women) and 35.0% (men). Education-related inequities in need-standardised DMP enrolment favoured groups with lower education, but HII estimates were not significant. Deprivation-related inequities among women significantly favoured groups with higher SES (HII = 0.086 [0.007 ; 0.165]. No such deprivation-related inequities were seen among men (HII = 0.014 [-0.048 ; 0.077]). Deprivation-related inequities across the whole population favoured groups with higher SES (HII estimates not significant). CONCLUSION Need-standardised DMP enrolment was fairly equitable across educational levels. Deprivation-related inequities in DMP enrolment favoured women living in less deprived areas relative to those living in areas with higher deprivation. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to deprivation-related horizontal inequities in DMP enrolment among women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Bozorgmehr
- Department of General Practice & Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Miguel San Sebastian
- Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Razum
- Department of Epidemiology & International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Werner Maier
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Antje Miksch
- Department of General Practice & Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Joachim Szecsenyi
- Department of General Practice & Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|