101
|
Establishment of a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Colorectal Cancer in CIEA NOG Mice and Exploring Smartfish Liquid Diet as a Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030282. [PMID: 33802022 PMCID: PMC8000445 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) better preserve tumor characteristics and microenvironment than traditional cancer cell line derived xenografts and are becoming a valuable model in translational cancer research and personalized medicine. We have established a PDX model for colorectal cancer (CRC) in CIEA NOG mice with a 50% engraftment rate. Tumor fragments from patients with CRC (n = 5) were engrafted in four mice per tumor (n = 20). Mice with established PDXs received a liquid diet enriched with fish oil or placebo, and fatty acid profiling was performed to measure fatty acid content in whole blood. Moreover, a biobank consisting of tissue and blood samples from patients was established. Histology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization procedures were used for staining of tumor and xenograft tissue slides. Results demonstrate that key histological characteristics of the patients’ tumors were retained in the established PDXs, and the liquid diets were consumed as intended by the mice. Some of the older mice developed lymphomas that originated from human Ki67+, CD45+, and EBV+ lymphoid cells. We present a detailed description of the process and methodology, as well as possible issues that may arise, to refine the method and improve PDX engraftment rate for future studies. The established PDX model for CRC can be used for exploring different cancer treatment regimes, and liquid diets enriched with fish oil may be successfully delivered to the mice through the drinking flasks.
Collapse
|
102
|
Ahmad R, Singh JK, Wunnava A, Al-Obeed O, Abdulla M, Srivastava SK. Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33655327 PMCID: PMC7834960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer‑related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC‑related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma‑carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaikee Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Amoolya Wunnava
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Maheri M, Darabi F, Khalili S, Hesari M. The effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior on the improvement of colorectal cancer screening intention among average-risk individuals referring to Asadabad city clinics. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:57. [PMID: 34084804 PMCID: PMC8057192 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_741_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the fourth most common cancer in women in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the improvement of CRC screening intention among average-risk individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This quasi-experimental study was performed on the 50-69-year-old individuals referred to Asadabad city clinics in 2020. The individuals were randomly assigned to multistage cluster sampling in each intervention and control group. The instrument used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire based on TPB. Educational intervention was conducted for the intervention group, one of their family members, and staff of clinic under intervention. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS and analyzed utilizing descriptive and analytical statistics. Results were considered significantly <0.05. RESULTS There were no significant differences between two intervention and control groups in the preintervention phase in terms of the mean scores of attitude (P = 0.58), subjective norms (P = 0.59), and behavioral intention (P = 0.66). However, in the postintervention phase, these differences were significant. Furthermore, regarding the mean score of perceived behavioral control, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the preintervention phase (P < 0.02), while in the postintervention phase, this difference was not significant (P = 0.29). CONCLUSION Educational intervention based on the TPB has been effective in improving the CRC screening intention among average-risk individuals. Therefore, using the results of this research and developing appropriate educational programs at the community level can be increased the participation of community members in CRC screening programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Maheri
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Reproductive Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Darabi
- Department of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Saeede Khalili
- Department of Health Services and Health Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Hesari
- Department of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Xie TH, Su P, Hong JG, Zhang H. Cervical lymph node enlargement as the initial manifestation of rectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:57. [PMID: 33563207 PMCID: PMC7874450 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is a very common malignant tumor worldwide. The clinical manifestations of advanced colorectal cancer include the changes in bowel habits, hematochezia, diarrhea, local abdominal pain and other symptoms. However, the colorectal cancer with an initial symptom of cervical lymph node enlargement is extremely rare. In this article, we report a case of rectal cancer presenting with cervical lymph nodes enlargement as the initial symptom. Case presentation A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for cervical lymph node enlargement which was accidentally detected during physical examination. Computed tomography scan revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Cervical ultrasound showed normal thyroid gland and multiple left supraclavicular lymph nodes enlargement. The patient underwent lymph nodes biopsy and pathologic results showed metastatic adenocarcinoma. The subsequent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mucosal bulge lesion located at rectus and biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent rectal cancer resection. She is alive with no evidence of recurrence or new tumors 2 years after surgery. Conclusions Cervical lymph node metastasis is a rare metastatic way in colorectal cancer. This is the first case of rectal cancer presenting with cervical lymph nodes metastases as the initial symptom. Surgical resection combined with postoperative chemotherapy improved long-term prognosis of the patient. This rare metastatic way of rectal cancer should be paid attention for clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hui Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Vu QD, Kim K, Kwak JT. Unsupervised Tumor Characterization via Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:348-357. [PMID: 32396112 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.2993560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Grading for cancer, based upon the degree of cancer differentiation, plays a major role in describing the characteristics and behavior of the cancer and determining treatment plan for patients. The grade is determined by a subjective and qualitative assessment of tissues under microscope, which suffers from high inter- and intra-observer variability among pathologists. Digital pathology offers an alternative means to automate the procedure as well as to improve the accuracy and robustness of cancer grading. However, most of such methods tend to mimic or reproduce cancer grade determined by human experts. Herein, we propose an alternative, quantitative means of assessing and characterizing cancers in an unsupervised manner. The proposed method utilizes conditional generative adversarial networks to characterize tissues. The proposed method is evaluated using whole slide images (WSIs) and tissue microarrays (TMAs) of colorectal cancer specimens. The results suggest that the proposed method holds a potential for quantifying cancer characteristics and improving cancer pathology.
Collapse
|
106
|
Chattopadhyay I, Dhar R, Pethusamy K, Seethy A, Srivastava T, Sah R, Sharma J, Karmakar S. Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiome in Colon Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1780-1799. [PMID: 33492552 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Gut microbiota is involved in the metabolic transformations of dietary components into oncometabolites and tumor-suppressive metabolites that in turn affect CRC development. In a healthy colon, the major of microbial metabolism is saccharolytic fermentation pathways. The alpha-bug hypothesis suggested that oncogenic bacteria such as enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) induce the development of CRC through direct interactions with colonic epithelial cells and alterations of microbiota composition at the colorectal site. Escherichia coli, E. faecalis, F. nucleatum, and Streptococcus gallolyticus showed higher abundance whereas Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia showed reduced abundance in CRC patients. The alterations of gut microbiota may be used as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat CRC. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium inhibit the growth of CRC through inhibiting inflammation and angiogenesis and enhancing the function of the intestinal barrier through the secretion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Crosstalk between lifestyle, host genetics, and gut microbiota is well documented in the prevention and treatment of CRC. Future studies are required to understand the interaction between gut microbiota and host to the influence and prevention of CRC. However, a better understanding of bacterial dysbiosis in the heterogeneity of CRC tumors should also be considered. Metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic studies are considered a powerful omic tool to understand the anti-cancer properties of certain bacterial strains. The clinical benefits of probiotics in the CRC context remain to be determined. Metagenomic approaches along with metabolomics and immunology will open a new avenue for the treatment of CRC shortly. Dietary interventions may be suitable to modulate the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Tryambak Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramkishor Sah
- Rajendra Prasad Center for Opthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, USA
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, NCI AIIMS, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Fibroblast Subsets in Intestinal Homeostasis, Carcinogenesis, Tumor Progression, and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020183. [PMID: 33430285 PMCID: PMC7825703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer often develops via the adenoma–carcinoma sequence, a process which is accompanied by (epi) genetic alterations in epithelial cells and gradual phenotypic changes in fibroblast populations. Recent studies have made it clear that these fibroblast populations which, in the context of invasive cancers are termed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), play an important role in intestinal tumor progression. This review provides an overview on the emerging role of fibroblasts in various stages of colorectal cancer development, ranging from adenoma initiation to metastatic spread of tumor cells. As fibroblasts show considerable heterogeneity in subsets and phenotypes during cancer development, a better functional understanding of stage-specific (alterations in) fibroblast/CAF populations is key to increase the effectiveness of fibroblast-based prognosticators and therapies. Abstract In intestinal homeostasis, continuous renewal of the epithelium is crucial to withstand the plethora of stimuli which can damage the structural integrity of the intestines. Fibroblasts contribute to this renewal by facilitating epithelial cell differentiation as well as providing the structural framework in which epithelial cells can regenerate. Upon dysregulation of intestinal homeostasis, (pre-) malignant neoplasms develop, a process which is accompanied by (epi) genetic alterations in epithelial cells as well as phenotypic changes in fibroblast populations. In the context of invasive carcinomas, these fibroblast populations are termed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs are the most abundant cell type in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and consist of various functionally heterogeneous subsets which can promote or restrain cancer progression. Although most previous research has focused on the biology of epithelial cells, accumulating evidence shows that certain fibroblast subsets can also importantly contribute to tumor initiation and progression, thereby possibly providing avenues for improvement of clinical care for CRC patients. In this review, we summarized the current literature on the emerging role of fibroblasts in various stages of CRC development, ranging from adenoma initiation to the metastatic spread of cancer cells. In addition, we highlighted translational and therapeutic perspectives of fibroblasts in the different stages of intestinal tumor progression.
Collapse
|
108
|
Zhou J, Zheng R, Zhang S, Zeng H, Wang S, Chen R, Sun K, Li M, Gu J, Zhuang G, Wei W. Colorectal cancer burden and trends: Comparison between China and major burden countries in the world. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:1-10. [PMID: 33707923 PMCID: PMC7941684 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarize the colorectal cancer (CRC) burden and trend in the world, and compare the difference of CRC burden between other countries and China. Methods Incidence and mortality data were extracted from the GLOBOCAN2018 and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Age-specific incidence trend was conducted by Joinpoint analysis and average annual percent changes were calculated. Results About 1.85 million new cases and 0.88 million deaths were expected in 2018 worldwide, including 0.52 million (28.20%) new cases and 0.25 million (28.11%) deaths in China. Hungary had the highest age-standardized incidence and mortality rates in the world, while for China, the incidence and mortality rates were only half of that. CRC incidence and mortality were highly correlated with human development index (HDI). Unlike the rapid increase in Republic of Korea and the downward trend in Canada and Australia, the age-standardized incidence rates by world standard population in China and Norway were rising gradually. The age-specific incidence rate in the age group of 50−59 years in China was increasing rapidly, while in Republic of Korea and Canada, the fastest growing age group was 30−39 years. Conclusions The variations of CRC burden reflect the difference of risk factors, as well as levels of HDI and screening (early detection activities). The burden of CRC in China is high, and the incidence of CRC continues to increase, which may lead to a sustained increase in the burden of CRC in China in the future. Screening should be expanded to control CRC, and focused on young people in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.,National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Rongshou Zheng
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ru Chen
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Minjuan Li
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianhua Gu
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Mismatch repair phenotype determines the implications of tumor grade and CDX2 expression in stage II-III colon cancer. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:161-170. [PMID: 32737450 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is an indicator of good prognosis in localized colon cancer but also associated with lack of expression of caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and high tumor grade; markers that in isolation indicate a poor prognosis. Our study aims to identify clinically relevant prognostic subgroups by combining information about tumor grade, MMR phenotype, and CDX2 expression. Immunohistochemistry for MMR proteins and CDX2 was performed in 544 patients with colon cancer stage II-III, including a cohort from a randomized trial. In patients with proficient MMR (pMMR) and CDX2 negativity, hazard ratio (HR) for cancer death was 2.93 (95% CI 1.23-6.99, p = 0.015). Cancer-specific survival for pMMR/CDX2-negative cases was 35.8 months (95% CI 23.4-48.3) versus 52.1-53.5 months (95% CI 45.6-58.6, p = 0.001) for the remaining cases (CDX2-positive tumors or deficient MMR (dMMR)/CDX2-negative tumors). In our randomized cohort, high tumor grade was predictive of response to adjuvant fluorouracil-levamisole in pMMR patients, with a significant interaction between tumor grade and treatment (p = 0.036). For pMMR patients, high tumor grade was a significant marker of poor prognosis in the surgery-only group (HR 4.60 (95% CI 1.68-12.61), p = 0.003) but not in the group receiving chemotherapy (HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.15-3.00), p = 0.587). To conclude, patients with pMMR and CDX2 negativity have a very poor prognosis. Patients with pMMR and high-graded tumors have a poor prognosis but respond well to adjuvant chemotherapy. CDX2 expression and tumor grade did not impact prognosis in patients with dMMR.
Collapse
|
110
|
Yamazaki M, Kato A, Oki E, Zaitsu Y, Kato C, Nakano K, Nakamura M, Sakomura T, Kawai S, Fujii E, Sawada N, Watanabe T, Saeki H, Suzuki M. Continuous formation of small clusters with LGR5-positive cells contributes to tumor growth in a colorectal cancer xenograft model. J Transl Med 2021; 101:12-25. [PMID: 32728120 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
New cancer characteristics can be discovered by focusing on the process of tumor formation. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a key subpopulation, as they are theorized to be at the apex of the tumor hierarchy. We can better understand their function in the tumor hierarchy by using sectioned samples to observe the growth of tumors from their origins as CSCs. In this study, we evaluated the growth of moderate differentiated colorectal cancer from LGR5-positive cells, which is a CSC marker of colorectal cancer, using xenograft and three-dimensional culture models spatiotemporally. These cells express LGR5 at high levels and show CSC phenotypes. To detect them, we used a previously generated antibody that specifically targets LGR5, and were therefore able to observe LGR5-positive cells aggregating into small clusters (sCLs) over the course of tumor growth. Because these LGR5-expressing sCLs formed continuously during growth mainly in the invasive front, we concluded that the structure must contribute significantly to the expansion of CSCs and to tumor growth overall. We confirmed the formation of sCLs from gland structures using a three-dimensional culture model. In addition, sCLs exhibited upregulated genes related to stress response and partial/hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as genes reported to be prognosis factors. Finally, sCLs with high LGR5 expression were identified in clinical samples. Based on these results, we elucidate how sCLs are an important contributors to tumor growth and the expansion of CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamazaki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiko Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Zaitsu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chie Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakano
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Miho Nakamura
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakomura
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Shigeto Kawai
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sawada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Rico SD, Höflmayer D, Büscheck F, Dum D, Luebke AM, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Möller-Koop C, Perez D, Izbicki JR, Neipp M, Mofid H, Lárusson H, Daniels T, Isbert C, Coerper S, Ditterich D, Rupprecht H, Goetz A, Fraune C, Möller K, Menz A, Bernreuther C, Clauditz TS, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Wilczak W, Simon R, Steurer S, Lebok P, Burandt E, Krech T, Marx AH. Elevated MUC5AC expression is associated with mismatch repair deficiency and proximal tumor location but not with cancer progression in colon cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2020; 54:156-165. [PMID: 33373033 PMCID: PMC8139930 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a secreted gel-forming mucin expressed by several epithelia. In the colon, MUC5AC is expressed in scattered normal epithelial cells but can be abundant in colorectal cancers. To clarify the relationship of MUC5AC expression with parameters of tumor aggressiveness and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) in colorectal cancer, a tissue microarray containing 1812 colorectal cancers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. MUC5AC expression was found in 261 (15.7%) of 1,667 analyzable colorectal cancers. MUC5AC expression strongly depended on the tumor location and gradually decreased from proximal (27.4% of cecum cancers) to distal (10.6% of rectal cancers; p < 0.0001). MUC5AC expression was also strongly linked to dMMR. dMMR was found in 21.3% of 169 cancers with MUC5AC positivity but in only 4.6% of 1051 cancers without detectable MUC5AC expression (p < 0.0001). A multivariate analysis showed that dMMR status and tumor localization predicted MUC5AC expression independently (p < 0.0001 each). MUC5AC expression was unrelated to pT and pN status. This also applied to the subgroups of 1136 proficient MMR (pMMR) and of 84 dMMR cancers. The results of our study show a strong association of MUC5AC expression with proximal and dMMR colorectal cancers. However, MUC5AC expression is unrelated to colon cancer aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dwertmann Rico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Neipp
- General, Vascular and Visceral Surgery Clinic, Itzehoe Medical Center, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Hamid Mofid
- General, Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Clinic, Regio Clinic Pinneberg, Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lárusson
- General, Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Clinic, Regio Clinic Pinneberg, Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Thies Daniels
- General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery Clinic, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Isbert
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, Amalie Sieveking Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Coerper
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital Martha-Maria Nuernberg, Nuernberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Ditterich
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital Neustadt/Aisch, Neustadt an der Aisch, Germany
| | - Holger Rupprecht
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Academic Hospital Neumarkt, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Albert Goetz
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital Roth, Roth, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Popescu GDA, Scheau C, Badarau IA, Dumitrache MD, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Costache DO, Costache RS, Constantin C, Neagu M, Caruntu C. The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrointestinal Cancers. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010094. [PMID: 33379302 PMCID: PMC7794743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of diseases with very high positions in the ranking of cancer incidence and mortality. While they show common features regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development, organ-specific pathophysiological processes may trigger distinct signaling pathways and intricate interactions with inflammatory cells from the tumoral milieu and mediators involved in tumorigenesis. The treatment of GI cancers is a topic of increasing interest due to the severity of these diseases, their impact on the patients' survivability and quality of life, and the burden they set on the healthcare system. As the efficiency of existing drugs is hindered by chemoresistance and adverse reactions when administered in high doses, new therapies are sought, and emerging drugs, formulations, and substance synergies are the focus of a growing number of studies. A class of chemicals with great potential through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumoral effects is phytochemicals, and capsaicin in particular is the subject of intensive research looking to validate its position in complementing cancer treatment. Our paper thoroughly reviews the available scientific evidence concerning the effects of capsaicin on major GI cancers and its interactions with the molecular pathways involved in the course of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Mihai-Daniel Dumitrache
- Departament of Pneumology IV, “Marius Nasta” Institute of Pneumophtysiology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Clinic, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Biphasic Expression of Atypical Chemokine Receptor (ACKR) 2 and ACKR4 in Colorectal Neoplasms in Association with Histopathological Findings. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010008. [PMID: 33374792 PMCID: PMC7824260 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Facilitating resolution of inflammation using atypical chemokine receptors (ACKR) as an anticancer strategy is considered but requires a deeper understanding of receptor role in carcinogenesis. We aimed at transcriptional analysis (RTqPCR) of ACKR2 and ACKR4 expression in colorectal adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence in paired normal-neoplastic tissues from 96 polyps and 51 cancers. On average, ACKR2 was downregulated in neoplastic as compared to non-affected tissue in polyp (by 2.7-fold) and cancer (by 3.1-fold) patients. The maximal downregulation (by 8.2-fold) was observed in adenomas with the highest potential for malignancy and was gradually lessening through cancer stages I-IV, owing to increased receptor expression in tumors. On average, ACKR4 was significantly downregulated solely in adenocarcinomas (by 1.5-fold), less so in patients with lymph node metastasis, owing to a gradual decrease in ACKR4 expression among N0-N1-N2 cancers in non-affected tissue without changes in tumors. In adenomas, ACKR4 downregulation in neoplastic tissue increased with increasing potential for malignancy and contribution of villous growth pattern. ACKR4 expression increased in non-affected tissue with a concomitant decrease in pathological mucosa. In conclusion, the changes in ACKRs expression occur already in precancerous colorectal lesions, culminating in the adenomas with the highest potential for malignancy. Therefore, chemoprevention by manipulating ACKRs’ expression is worth exploration.
Collapse
|
114
|
Craig F, O'Sullivan Coyne G, Allen CT. Posterior Subglottic Mass in a Patient With a History of Rectal Adenocarcinoma and Lung Metastases. JAMA Oncol 2020; 6:1967-1968. [PMID: 32910176 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Craig
- Otolaryngology Consultation Service, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Geraldine O'Sullivan Coyne
- Developmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clint T Allen
- Otolaryngology Consultation Service, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Pisano A, Griñan-Lison C, Farace C, Fiorito G, Fenu G, Jiménez G, Scognamillo F, Peña-Martin J, Naccarati A, Pröll J, Atzmüller S, Pardini B, Attene F, Ibba G, Solinas MG, Bernhard D, Marchal JA, Madeddu R. The Inhibitory Role of miR-486-5p on CSC Phenotype Has Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113432. [PMID: 33227890 PMCID: PMC7699298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer worldwide and the second cause of cancer deaths. Increasing evidences supports the idea that the poor prognosis of patients is related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cell population able to drive cancer recurrence and metastasis. The deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a role in the formation of CSC. We investigated the role of hsa-miR-486-5p (miR-486-5p) in CRC, CSCs, and metastasis, in order to reach a better understanding of the biomolecular and epigenetic mechanisms mir-486-5p-related. The expression of miR-486-5p was investigated in three different matrices from CRC patients and controls and in CSCs obtained from the CRC cell lines HCT-116, HT-29, and T-84. In the human study, miR-486-5p was up-regulated in serum and stool of CRC patients in comparison with healthy controls but down-regulated in tumor tissue when compared with normal mucosa. miR-486-5p was also down-regulated in the sera of metastatic patients. In vitro, miR-486-5p was down-regulated in CSC models and it induced an inhibitory effect on stem factors and oncogenes in the main pathways of CSCs. Our results provide a step forward in understanding the role of mir-486-5p in CRC and CSC, and suggest that further studies are needed to investigate its diagnostic and prognostic power, possibly in combination with other biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pisano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (G.F.); (G.I.); (M.G.S.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (G.J.); (J.P.-M.)
| | - Carmen Griñan-Lison
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (G.J.); (J.P.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Organization University Hospitals of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristiano Farace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (G.F.); (G.I.); (M.G.S.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (G.F.); (G.I.); (M.G.S.)
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (G.F.); (G.I.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (G.J.); (J.P.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Organization University Hospitals of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Scognamillo
- O.U. of Surgery I (Surgical Pathology), A.O.U. Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Jesùs Peña-Martin
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (G.J.); (J.P.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Organization University Hospitals of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome Research Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (A.N.); (B.P.)
- Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome Research Unit Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Johannes Pröll
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria;
- Center for Medical Research, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Sabine Atzmüller
- Center for Medical Research, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome Research Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (A.N.); (B.P.)
- Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome Research Unit Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Attene
- O.U. of Surgery I (Surgical Pathology), A.O.U. Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Gabriele Ibba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (G.F.); (G.I.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Maria Giuliana Solinas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (G.F.); (G.I.); (M.G.S.)
| | - David Bernhard
- Division of Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (G.J.); (J.P.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Organization University Hospitals of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (R.M.); Tel.: +34-958249321 (J.A.M.); +39-079228569 (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (G.F.); (G.I.); (M.G.S.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (R.M.); Tel.: +34-958249321 (J.A.M.); +39-079228569 (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Cancer Alters the Metabolic Fingerprint of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113292. [PMID: 33172086 PMCID: PMC7694806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer alters cell metabolism. How these changes are manifested in the metabolite cargo of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) remains poorly understood. To explore these changes, EVs from prostate, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), colon cancer cell lines, and control EVs from their noncancerous counterparts were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), electron microscopy (EM), Western blotting, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Although minor differences between the cancerous and non-cancerous cell-derived EVs were observed by NTA and Western blotting, the largest differences were detected in their metabolite cargo. Compared to EVs from noncancerous cells, cancer EVs contained elevated levels of soluble metabolites, e.g., amino acids and B vitamins. Two metabolites, proline and succinate, were elevated in the EV samples of all three cancer types. In addition, folate and creatinine were elevated in the EVs from prostate and CTCL cancer cell lines. In conclusion, we present the first evidence in vitro that the altered metabolism of different cancer cells is reflected in common metabolite changes in their EVs. These results warrant further studies on the significance and usability of this metabolic fingerprint in cancer.
Collapse
|
117
|
Endo H, Kondo J, Onuma K, Ohue M, Inoue M. Small subset of Wnt-activated cells is an initiator of regrowth in colorectal cancer organoids after irradiation. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4429-4441. [PMID: 33043499 PMCID: PMC7734167 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) are differentiated adenocarcinomas, which maintain expression of both stemness and differentiation markers. This observation suggests that CRC cells could retain a regeneration system of normal cells upon injury. However, the role of stemness in cancer cell regeneration after irradiation is poorly understood. Here, we examined the effect of radiation on growth, stemness, and differentiation in organoids derived from differentiated adenocarcinomas. Following a sublethal dose of irradiation, proliferation and stemness markers, including Wnt target genes, were drastically reduced, but differentiation markers remained. After a static growth phase after high dose of radiation, regrowth foci appeared; these consisted of highly proliferating cells that expressed stem cell markers. Radiosensitivity and the ability to form foci differed among the cancer tissue‐originated spheroid (CTOS) lines examined and showed good correlation with in vivo radiation sensitivity. Pre‐treating organoids with histone deacetylase inhibitors increased radiation sensitivity; this increase was accompanied by the suppression of Wnt signal‐related gene expression. Accordingly, Wnt inhibitors increased organoid radiosensitivity. These results suggested that only a small subset of, but not all, cancer cells with high Wnt activity at the time of irradiation could give rise to foci formation. In conclusion, we established a radiation sensitivity assay using CRC organoids that could provide a novel platform for evaluating the effects of radiosensitizers on differentiated adenocarcinomas in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunishige Onuma
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Three-dimension amide proton transfer MRI of rectal adenocarcinoma: correlation with pathologic prognostic factors and comparison with diffusion kurtosis imaging. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:3286-3296. [PMID: 33125558 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the utility of 3D amide proton transfer (APT) MRI in predicting pathologic factors for rectal adenocarcinoma, in comparison with diffusion kurtosis imaging. METHODS Sixty-one patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this prospective study. 3D APT and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) were performed. Mean APT-weighted signal intensity (APTw SI), mean kurtosis (MK), mean diffusivity (MD), and ADC values of tumors were calculated on these maps. Pathological analysis included WHO grades, pT stages, pN stages, and extramural venous invasion (EMVI) status. Student's t test, Spearman correlation, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS High-grade rectal adenocarcinoma showed significantly higher mean APTw SI and MK values (2.771 ± 0.384 vs 2.108 ± 0.409, 1.167 ± 0.216 vs 1.045 ± 0.175, respectively; p < 0.05). T3 rectal adenocarcinoma demonstrated higher mean APTw SI and MK than T2 tumors (2.433 ± 0.467 vs 1.900 ± 0.302, p < 0.05). No kurtosis, diffusivity, and ADC differences were found between T2 and T3 tumors. Tumors with lymph node metastasis and EMVI involvement showed significantly higher mean APTw SI, MK. No difference was found in diffusivity and ADC between pN0 and pN1-2 groups, and EMVI-negative and EMVI-positive statuses. Mean APTw SI exhibited a significantly high positive correlation with WHO grades, demonstrating 92.31% sensitivity and 79.17% specificity for distinguishing low- from high-grade rectal adenocarcinoma, providing a better diagnostic capacity than MK, MD, and mean ADC values. CONCLUSION 3D-APT could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for evaluating prognostic factors of rectal adenocarcinoma. KEY POINTS • Mean APTw SI was significantly higher in high-grade compared to low-grade rectal adenocarcinoma. • Mean APTw SI was significantly higher in T3 stage rectal adenocarcinoma, with lymph node metastasis, or in EMVI-positive status. • APTw SI exhibited greater diagnostic capability in discriminating low-grade from high-grade rectal adenocarcinoma, compared with kurtosis, diffusivity, and ADC.
Collapse
|
119
|
Extricating the Association Between the Prognostic Factors of Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 52:1022-1028. [PMID: 33047269 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the recurring and lethal gastrointestinal tract disease rankings as the primary cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. In general, the tumour node metastasis (TNM) and Dukes classification assist in diagnosis, prognosis and treatments of CRC along with haematological examinations and tumour demographic characterisations in patients. METHODS The present investigation is carried out on clinically acknowledged sixty-five CRC patients based on haematological findings and are sorted into stages using TNM and Dukes. The present study is to find the association between haematological findings, demographic characters, differentiation position, lymph node invasion and tumour node metastasis in CRC patients in accordance with their age. RESULTS We observed significant (p < 0.05) nexus between lymph node metastasis and tumour node metastasis on the basis of tumour's differentiation demographic positioning and age of the individuals. CONCLUSION Earlier location tracing and medicinal treatment or surgery lessen the chance of CRC morbidity and mortality along with prolonging survival rate via prognostic factors and disease position determination.
Collapse
|
120
|
Primary Malignant Melanoma of Anorectum CT Findings: a Single Tertiary Center's Experience. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11:367-371. [PMID: 33013112 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorectal melanoma is a rare malignancy with very aggressive course. This case series emphasize the role of imaging, contrast-enhanced computed tomography in evaluating such cases before surgery. CT scan of four patients with pathologically proven primary anorectal malignant melanoma was included. CT findings were analyzed from the picture archiving and communication system for the site of involvement, morphological shape, presence of perirectal and anal infiltration, lymphadenopathy, liver metastasis, and occurrence of bowel obstruction for all the four patients. All the four patients presented as polypoidal mass that caused focal expansion and obscuration of rectal lumen without causing colonic obstruction. Perirectal infiltration was seen in 2/4 patients and involvement of anal canal was seen in 3 patients. Distant metastasis was seen in the liver in three out of four patients. In conclusion, primary anorectal malignant melanoma is a rare, highly aggressive tumor and should be considered in patients with a bulky intraluminal polypoid mass that does not cause colonic obstruction in the anorectal region with large-sized lymphadenopathy.
Collapse
|
121
|
Longchamp G, Meyer J, Abbassi Z, Sleiman M, Toso C, Ris F, Buchs NC. Current Surgical Strategies for the Treatment of Rectal Adenocarcinoma and the Risk of Local Recurrence. Dig Dis 2020; 39:325-333. [PMID: 33011726 DOI: 10.1159/000511959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite new medical and surgical strategies, 5-year local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma was reported in up to 25% of cases. Therefore, we aimed to review surgical strategies for the prevention of local recurrences in rectal cancer. SUMMARY After implementation of the total mesorectal excision (TME), surgical resection of rectal adenocarcinoma with anterior resection or abdominoperineal excision (APE) allowed decrease in local recurrence (3% at 5 years). More recently, extralevator APE was described as an alternative to APE, decreasing specimen perforation and recurrence rate. Moreover, technique modifications were developed to optimize rectal resection, such as the laparoscopic or robotic approach, and transanal TME. However, the technical advantages conferred by these techniques did not translate into a decreased recurrence rate. Lateral lymph node dissection is another technique, which aimed at improving the long-term outcomes; nevertheless, there is currently no evidence to recommend its routine use. Strategies to preserve the rectum are also emerging, such as local excision, and may be beneficial for subgroups of patients. Key Messages: Rectal cancer management requires a multidisciplinary approach, and surgical strategy should be tailored to patient factors: general health, previous perineal intervention, anatomy, preference, and tumor characteristics such as stage and localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregoire Longchamp
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ziad Abbassi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marwan Sleiman
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Ris
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Deptuła P, Łysik D, Pogoda K, Cieśluk M, Namiot A, Mystkowska J, Król G, Głuszek S, Janmey PA, Bucki R. Tissue Rheology as a Possible Complementary Procedure to Advance Histological Diagnosis of Colon Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5620-5631. [PMID: 33062848 PMCID: PMC7549092 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In recent years,
rheological measurements of cells and tissues
at physiological and pathological stages have become an essential
method to determine how forces and changes in mechanical properties
contribute to disease development and progression, but there is no
standardization of this procedure so far. In this study, we evaluate
the potential of nanoscale atomic force microscopy (AFM) and macroscopic
shear rheometry to assess the mechanical properties of healthy and
cancerous human colon tissues. The direct comparison of tissue mechanical
behavior under uniaxial and shear deformation shows that cancerous
tissues not only are stiffer compared to healthy tissue but also respond
differently when shear and compressive stresses are applied. These
results suggest that rheological parameters can be useful measures
of colon cancer mechanopathology. Additionally, we extend the list
of biological materials exhibiting compressional stiffening and shear
weakening effects to human colon tumors. These mechanical responses
might be promising mechanomarkers and become part of the new procedures
in colon cancer diagnosis. Enrichment of histopathological grading
with rheological assessment of tissue mechanical properties will potentially
allow more accurate colon cancer diagnosis and improve prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Deptuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dawid Łysik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pogoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cieśluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Namiot
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Głuszek
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland.,Clinic for General, Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery, Regional Hospital, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departments of Physiology and Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Enhanced expression of GABRD predicts poor prognosis in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100861. [PMID: 32891902 PMCID: PMC7484591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are reported to be involved in tumor initiation and progression. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic value of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor δ subunit (GABRD) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) using the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The GABRD mRNA expression levels in the COAD and normal tissues were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The correlation between clinicopathologic characteristics and GABRD expression was analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression. The prognostic value of GABRD mRNA expression in patients with COAD was determined using the Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of GABRD in COAD were predicted by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The COAD tissues exhibited higher GABRD mRNA expression levels than the normal tissues. The logistic regression analysis revealed that GABRD mRNA expression was correlated with TNM stage, N stage, M stage, and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test revealed that patients with COAD exhibiting high GABRD mRNA expression were associated with poor overall survival (OS). The multivariate analysis indicated that increased GABRD mRNA expression was an independent prognostic factor and was correlated with a poor OS. The GSEA revealed that GABRD was involved in signaling pathways, including cell adhesion molecules, gap junction, melanogenesis, and mTOR signaling pathway, as well as the signaling pathways associated with basal cell carcinoma or bladder cancer development. In summary, enhanced GABRD mRNA expression may be a potential independent prognostic biomarker for COAD.
Collapse
|
124
|
Huang X, Cai W, Liu L, Yuan W. Low mutation burden and differential tumor-infiltrating immune cells correlate with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:2259-2269. [PMID: 33042330 PMCID: PMC7539863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor immunotherapy has become an important means of cancer treatment. A response depends on the interaction of tumor cells with immune regulators in the tumor microenvironment, which plays an important role in inhibiting or enhancing the immune response. However, lymph node (LN) metastasis leads to major changes in the tumor microenvironment of patients with colorectal cancer, directly affecting prognosis. METHODS Using data downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we studied the microenvironmental differences between LN-negative and positive populations by bioinformatic methods. RESULTS Patients in the LN-positive group had significantly lower immune scores, cytolytic activity scores, and overall survival than the LN-negative group. In addition, a high mutation burden and a new antigen burden could inhibit lymph node metastasis of CRC. In particular, in the LN positive group, the ratio of monocytes to M1 macrophages was significantly downregulated. After the differentially expressed mRNAs between the LN positive and negative groups were determined, a new CRC model was constructed based on multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to examine the prognosis of patients. The analyses showed that the model was stable and robust. CONCLUSIONS We used multiple scores and details of immune cell infiltration as indicators to assess changes in the tumor microenvironment of CRC patients before and after lymph node metastasis, and quantify and model the immune cells in the microenvironment to predict the overall survival of CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Chizhou UniversityChina
| | - Wei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of EducationShanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and TechnologyShanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Mathematics and Information Engineering, Jiaxing UniversityChina
| | - Wenliang Yuan
- College of Mathematics and Information Engineering, Jiaxing UniversityChina
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Paulatto L, Dioguardi Burgio M, Sartoris R, Beaufrère A, Cauchy F, Paradis V, Vilgrain V, Ronot M. Colorectal liver metastases: radiopathological correlation. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:99. [PMID: 32844319 PMCID: PMC7447704 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of chemotherapy regimens, targeted therapies, and hepatic surgery, the survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) has dramatically improved. Imaging plays a central role for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment allocation in these patients. To interpret CRLM on imaging, radiologists must be familiar with the main imaging features of untreated tumors as well as the modifications induced by systemic therapies, and their meaning in relation to pathological tumor response and tumor biology. CRLM have the same histological features as the primary tumor. Most are “non-otherwise specified” (NOS) adenocarcinomas. The mucinous tumor is the most common of the rare subtypes. In NOS tumors, imaging usually differentiates central areas of necrosis from peripheral proliferating tumors and desmoplastic reaction. Areas of mucin mixed with fibrosis are seen in mucinous subtypes to help differentiate the metastases from other tumors cysts or hemangiomas. After treatment, the viable tumor is gradually replaced by ischemic-like necrosis and fibrosis, and remnants cells are mainly located on the periphery of tumors. Imaging can help predict the degree of tumor response, but changes can be difficult to differentiate from the pretherapeutic appearance. When chemotherapy is interrupted or in case of resistance to treatment, a peripheral infiltrating halo of tumor growth may appear. The purpose of the article is to illustrate the significance of the imaging features of colorectal liver metastases during systemic therapy, using radiopathological correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Paulatto
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Hauts-de-Seine, Clichy, France
| | - Marco Dioguardi Burgio
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Hauts-de-Seine, Clichy, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1149, CRI, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Sartoris
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Hauts-de-Seine, Clichy, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1149, CRI, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Beaufrère
- INSERM U1149, CRI, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Hauts-de-Seine, Clichy, France
| | - François Cauchy
- Department of HPB Surgery, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Hauts-de-Seine, Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- INSERM U1149, CRI, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Hauts-de-Seine, Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Hauts-de-Seine, Clichy, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1149, CRI, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Ronot
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Hauts-de-Seine, Clichy, France. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1149, CRI, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
P53 expression and micro-vessel density in relation with 5-year survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 57:311-314. [PMID: 32874562 PMCID: PMC7452034 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers are among the commonest causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adenomatous polyps which develop dysplastic changes are the main cause of invasive cancer. P53 inactivation is a key genetic step in the occurrence of cancer. The degree of the formation of the blood vessels inside the tumor (microvessel density) increases the ability of the tumor to have local infiltration, metastatic potential and may reflect the tumor metabolic activity. A total number of 104 patients who underwent surgeries for colorectal adenocarcinoma followed for 5 years. Patients were categorized into 4 categories based on tumor expression of P53 and micro-vessel density, 64.42% of patients were females, 58.7% died from colorectal cancer during the 5-year period, 37.5% had 5-years survival free from cancer, and 16.3% survived with recurrence, 28.8% had over expression of both P53 and MVD. A significant correlation was found between: P53 and MVD with the site of tumor occurrence being more significant with left-sided colonic tumors, the clinical stage being more significant with stage III disease, and with the survival rate being more significant in patients who died during this period, P values 0.025, 0.01, and 0.001 respectively. Overexpression of P53 and MVD are associated with higher mortality and more advanced disease. We advise a more aggressive form of therapy for colorectal adenocarcinomas expressing high level of both factors and tumors with high expression of both factors may need modification in the chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy with closer follow up than tumors having lower expression.
Collapse
|
127
|
Al-Khayal K, Vaali-Mohammed MA, Elwatidy M, Bin Traiki T, Al-Obeed O, Azam M, Khan Z, Abdulla M, Ahmad R. A novel coordination complex of platinum (PT) induces cell death in colorectal cancer by altering redox balance and modulating MAPK pathway. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:685. [PMID: 32703189 PMCID: PMC7376665 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous tumor having various genetic alterations. The current treatment options had limited impact on disease free survival due to therapeutic resistance. Novel anticancer agents are needed to treat CRC specifically metastatic colorectal cancer. A novel coordination complex of platinum, (salicylaldiminato)Pt(II) complex with dimethylpropylene linkage (PT) exhibited potential anti-cancer activity. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of PT-induced cell death in colorectal cancer. Methods Colony formation was evaluated using the clonogenic assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3/− 7 were assessed by flow cytometry. Glutathione level was detected by colorimetric assay. PT-induced alteration in pro-apoptotic/ anti-apoptotic proteins and other signaling pathways were investigated using western blotting. P38 downregulation was performed using siRNA. Results In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanism of PT-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. PT significantly inhibited the colony formation in human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29, SW480 and SW620) by inducing apoptosis and necrosis. This platinum complex was shown to significantly increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, depletion of glutathione and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in colorectal cancer cells. Exposure to PT resulted in the downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl2, BclxL, XIAP) and alteration in Cyclins expression. Furthermore, PT increased cytochrome c release into cytosol and enhanced PARP cleavage leading to activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, pre-treatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated apoptosis suggesting that PT-induced apoptosis was driven by oxidative stress. Additionally, we show that PT-induced apoptosis was mediated by activating p38 MAPK and inhibiting AKT pathways. This was demonstrated by using chemical inhibitor and siRNA against p38 kinase which blocked the cytochrome c release and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Conclusion Collectively, our data demonstrates that the platinum complex (PT) exerts its anti-proliferative effect on CRC by ROS-mediated apoptosis and activating p38 MAPK pathway. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of action for PT on colorectal cancer cells and may have therapeutic implication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khayal Al-Khayal
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor-Ali Vaali-Mohammed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elwatidy
- College of Medicine Research Center, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Bin Traiki
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Khan
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Circulating Tumour DNAs and Non-Coding RNAs as Liquid Biopsies for the Management of Colorectal Cancer Patients. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour DNAs and non-coding RNAs present in body fluids have been under investigation as tools for cancer diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prognosis for many years. These so-called liquid biopsies offer the opportunity to obtain information about the molecular make-up of a cancer in a minimal invasive way and offer the possibility to implement theranostics for precision oncology. Furthermore, liquid biopsies could overcome the limitations of tissue biopsies in capturing the complexity of tumour heterogeneity within the primary cancer and among different metastatic sites. Liquid biopsies may also be implemented to detect early tumour formation or to monitor cancer relapse of response to therapy with greater sensitivity compared with the currently available protein-based blood biomarkers. Most colorectal cancers are often diagnosed at late stages and have a high mortality rate. Hence, biomolecules as nucleic acids present in liquid biopsies might have prognostic potential and could serve as predictive biomarkers for chemotherapeutic regimens. This review will focus on the role of circulating tumour DNAs and non-coding RNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in the context of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
129
|
Thakur N, Yoon H, Chong Y. Current Trends of Artificial Intelligence for Colorectal Cancer Pathology Image Analysis: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1884. [PMID: 32668721 PMCID: PMC7408874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers requiring early pathologic diagnosis using colonoscopy biopsy samples. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress and shown promising results in the field of medicine despite several limitations. We performed a systematic review of AI use in CRC pathology image analysis to visualize the state-of-the-art. Studies published between January 2000 and January 2020 were searched in major online databases including MEDLINE (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE). Query terms included "colorectal neoplasm," "histology," and "artificial intelligence." Of 9000 identified studies, only 30 studies consisting of 40 models were selected for review. The algorithm features of the models were gland segmentation (n = 25, 62%), tumor classification (n = 8, 20%), tumor microenvironment characterization (n = 4, 10%), and prognosis prediction (n = 3, 8%). Only 20 gland segmentation models met the criteria for quantitative analysis, and the model proposed by Ding et al. (2019) performed the best. Studies with other features were in the elementary stage, although most showed impressive results. Overall, the state-of-the-art is promising for CRC pathological analysis. However, datasets in most studies had relatively limited scale and quality for clinical application of this technique. Future studies with larger datasets and high-quality annotations are required for routine practice-level validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Thakur
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea;
| | - Hongjun Yoon
- AI Lab, Deepnoid, #1305 E&C Venture Dream Tower 2, 55, Digital-ro 33-Gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 06216, Korea;
| | - Yosep Chong
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Rus Bakarurraini NAA, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R, Abu N. The Landscape of Tumor-Specific Antigens in Colorectal Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E371. [PMID: 32664247 PMCID: PMC7565947 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, major efforts in cancer research and treatment have intensified. Apart from standard chemotherapy approaches, immunotherapy has gained substantial traction. Personalized immunotherapy has become an important tool for cancer therapy with the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Traditionally, tumor-associated antigens are used in immunotherapy-based treatments. Nevertheless, these antigens lack specificity and may have increased toxicity. With the advent of next-generation technologies, the identification of new tumor-specific antigens is becoming more important. In colorectal cancer, several tumor-specific antigens were identified and functionally validated. Multiple clinical trials from vaccine-based and adoptive cell therapy utilizing tumor-specific antigens have commenced. Herein, we will summarize the current landscape of tumor-specific antigens particularly in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.A.R.B.); (N.S.A.M.)
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.A.R.B.); (N.S.A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Sanchez-Ibarra HE, Jiang X, Gallegos-Gonzalez EY, Cavazos-González AC, Chen Y, Morcos F, Barrera-Saldaña HA. KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutation prevalence, clinicopathological association, and their application in a predictive model in Mexican patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235490. [PMID: 32628708 PMCID: PMC7337295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF (RAS/BRAF) genes are the main predictive biomarkers for the response to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This retrospective study aimed to report the mutational status prevalence of these genes, explore their possible associations with clinicopathological features, and build and validate a predictive model. To achieve these objectives, 500 mCRC Mexican patients were screened for clinically relevant mutations in RAS/BRAF genes. Fifty-two percent of these specimens harbored clinically relevant mutations in at least one screened gene. Among these, 86% had a mutation in KRAS, 7% in NRAS, 6% in BRAF, and 2% in both NRAS and BRAF. Only tumor location in the proximal colon exhibited a significant correlation with KRAS and BRAF mutational status (p-value = 0.0414 and 0.0065, respectively). Further t-SNE analyses were made to 191 specimens to reveal patterns among patients with clinical parameters and KRAS mutational status. Then, directed by the results from classical statistical tests and t-SNE analysis, neural network models utilized entity embeddings to learn patterns and build predictive models using a minimal number of trainable parameters. This study could be the first step in the prediction for RAS/BRAF mutational status from tumoral features and could lead the way to a more detailed and more diverse dataset that could benefit from machine learning methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianli Jiang
- Evolutionary Information Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | - Yenho Chen
- Evolutionary Information Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America
| | - Faruck Morcos
- Evolutionary Information Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
Jain R, Chittiboyina S, Chang CL, Lelièvre SA, Savran CA. Deterministic culturing of single cells in 3D. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10805. [PMID: 32616817 PMCID: PMC7331589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Models using 3D cell culture techniques are increasingly accepted as the most biofidelic in vitro representations of tissues for research. These models are generated using biomatrices and bulk populations of cells derived from tissues or cell lines. We present an alternate method to culture individually selected cells in relative isolation from the rest of the population under physiologically relevant matrix conditions. Matrix gel islands are spotted on a cell culture dish to act as support for receiving and culturing individual single cells; a glass capillary-based microfluidic setup is used to extract each desired single cell from a population and seed it on top of an island. Using examples of breast and colorectal cancers, we show that individual cells evolve into tumors or aspects of tumors displaying different characteristics of the initial cancer type and aggressiveness. By implementing a morphometry assay with luminal A breast cancer, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach to study phenotypic heterogeneity. Results reveal that intertumor heterogeneity increases with time in culture and that varying degrees of intratumor heterogeneity may originate from individually seeded cells. Moreover, we observe that a positive relationship exists between fast growing tumors and the size and heterogeneity of their nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohil Jain
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shirisha Chittiboyina
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chun-Li Chang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sophie A Lelièvre
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Cagri A Savran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Chang JY, Kim JH, Kang J, Park Y, Park SJ, Cheon JH, Kim WH, Kim H, Park JJ, Kim TI. mTOR Signaling Combined with Cancer Stem Cell Markers as a Survival Predictor in Stage II Colorectal Cancer. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:572-578. [PMID: 32608200 PMCID: PMC7329744 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.7.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Wnt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are major molecular signaling pathways associated with the development and progression of tumor, as well as the maintenance and proliferation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), in colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying patients at risk of poor prognosis is important to determining whether to add adjuvant treatment in stage II CRC and thus improve survival. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of Wnt, mTOR, and CSC markers as survival predictors in stage II CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 148 cases of stage II CRC and acquired their tumor tissue. Tissue microarrays for immunohistochemical staining were constructed, and the expressions of CD166, CD44, EphB2, β-catenin, pS6 were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The expressions of CD166 (p=0.045) and pS6 (p=0.045) and co-expression of pS6/CD166 (p=0.005), pS6/CD44 (p=0.042), and pS6/CD44/CD166 (p=0.013) were negatively correlated with cancer-specific survival. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed the combination of CD166/pS6 [hazard ratio, 9.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.36-37.59; p=0.002] to be the most significant predictor related with decreased cancer-specific survival. In addition, co-expression of CD44/CD166 (p=0.017), CD166/β-catenin (p=0.036), CD44/β-catenin (p=0.001), and CD44/CD166/β-catenin (p=0.001) were significant factors associated with liver metastasis. CONCLUSION Specific combinations of CSC markers and β-catenin/mTOR signaling could be a significant predictor of poor survival in stage II CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joyeon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yehyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoguen Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Salibasic M, Pusina S, Bicakcic E, Pasic A, Gavric I, Kulovic E, Rovcanin A, Beslija S. Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatment, our Experience. Med Arch 2020; 73:412-414. [PMID: 32082011 PMCID: PMC7007624 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2019.73.412-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the male and female population. Surgical treatment of colorectal cancer is based on tumor resection and removal of associated lymph glands. Aim: The aim of the paper is to present data from a five-year retrospective study of the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer at the Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery at the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo. Methods: This is a retrospective five-year clinical trial (2014-2018) of patients with and surgically treated for colorectal cancer at the Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery at the Clinical Center of Sarajevo University. Results: In the 2014-2018 period, n = 11 172 patients were hospitalized at the Clinic, of which n = 732 were surgically treated for colorectal cancer. 69.80% were operated in an elective program. 30.20% were made as emergencies. 51.09% were male patients and 48.36% were female patients. 97.20% were made by open technique. 2.10% operated by minimally invasive procedure. the most common type of colon tumor is Adenocarcinomas are the most common with 79%. Conclusions: Better prevention and early detection are required to reduce the incidence of patients, which ultimately leads to more effective treatment and longer survival of colon cancer patients. Operative surgical principles must be adapted to modern trends, minimally invasive procedures (laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirhan Salibasic
- Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinical center University of Sarajevo
| | - Sadat Pusina
- Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinical center University of Sarajevo
| | - Emir Bicakcic
- Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinical center University of Sarajevo
| | - Anes Pasic
- Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinical center University of Sarajevo
| | - Igor Gavric
- Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinical center University of Sarajevo
| | - Edin Kulovic
- Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinical center University of Sarajevo
| | - Ajdin Rovcanin
- Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinical center University of Sarajevo
| | - Semir Beslija
- Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinical center University of Sarajevo
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Elsalem L, Jum'ah AA, Alfaqih MA, Aloudat O. The Bacterial Microbiota of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Role in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:151-185. [PMID: 32440192 PMCID: PMC7211962 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s243337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota has an essential role in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal diseases including cancer. This effect is mediated through different mechanisms such as damaging DNA, activation of oncogenic pathways, production of carcinogenic metabolites, stimulation of chronic inflammation, and inhibition of antitumor immunity. Recently, the concept of "pharmacomicrobiomics" has emerged as a new field concerned with exploring the interplay between drugs and microbes. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota and their metabolites have a major impact on the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic responses toward anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapeutics. In addition, microbiota appears as an attractive target for cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of different cancer types affecting the gastrointestinal tract system. We also scrutinize the evidence regarding the role of microbiota in anticancer drug responses. Further, we discuss the use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics, either alone or in combination with anticancer drugs for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tract cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Jum'ah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Aloudat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Zhao X, Feng H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Guo Q, Feng Y, Ma M, Guo W, Song X, Zhang Y, Han S, Cao L. Septin4 promotes cell death in human colon cancer cells by interacting with BAX. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1917-1928. [PMID: 32398959 PMCID: PMC7211164 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.44429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Septin4 is a tumor suppressor protein that promotes cell programmed death in various cell types through specifically antagonizing XIAP (X linked inhibitor of apoptosis), little is known its other novel binding partner and role in colorectal cancer. In this study, we found that Septin4 significantly expressed lower in human colon cancer when compared to peri-tumor benign cells, and its low expression was significantly associated with worse prognostic outcomes. Furthermore, Septin4 participated in DOX-induced colon cancer cell death in vitro. Septin4-overexpressing colon cancer cells displayed augmented apoptotic cell death and ROS production. Additionally, Septin4-knockdown cells revealed a resistance of DOX-induced cell death and reduced ROS production. Importantly, we first identified that BAX is a novel Septin4 binding partner and the interaction is enhanced under DOX treatment. Finally, Septin4-knockdown promoted colon cells growth in vivo. These observations suggest that Septin4 as an essential molecule contribute to the occurrence and development of human colon cancer and provide new technical approaches for targeted treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, Collegeof Medical Science, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Gem Flower Hospital, Panjin, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanmei Wu
- Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Gem Flower Hospital, Panjin, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, Collegeof Medical Science, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, Collegeof Medical Science, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, Collegeof Medical Science, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wendong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, Collegeof Medical Science, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, Collegeof Medical Science, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, Collegeof Medical Science, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Huang X, Cai W, Yuan W, Peng S. Identification of key lncRNAs as prognostic prediction models for colorectal cancer based on LASSO. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:675-684. [PMID: 32355515 PMCID: PMC7191144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, with varying prognoses and a high mortality. There is an urgent need to establish a new prediction model to predict the survival risk of CRC patients. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of CRC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA. We identified a total of 1,176 lncRNAs differentially expressed between 480 CRC and 41 normal tissues. In the training test, we combined these differentially expressed lncRNAs with overall survival of CRC patients. Six lncRNAs (AL356270.1, LINC02257, AC020891.2, LINC01485, AC083967.1 and RBAKDN) were finally screened out by using LASSO regression mode to establish a novel prediction model as a prognostic indicator for CRC patients. The area under the curve (AUC) of 3- and 5-year ROC analysis in CRC were 0.6923 and 0.7328 for training set, and were 0.6803 and 0.7035 for testing set, respectively. K-M analysis revealed a significant difference between high risk and low risk in the training set (P-value = 5.0e-05) and testing set (P-value = 0.00052), respectively. Our study shows that the six lncRNAs model can improve the survival prediction mechanism of patients with CRC and provide help for patients through personalized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- School of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Chizhou UniversityAnhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of EducationShanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of EducationShanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and TechnologyShanghai, China
| | - Wenliang Yuan
- College of Mathematics and Information Engineering, Jiaxing UniversityZhejiang, China
- School of Optical-Electric and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai, China
| | - Sihua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of EducationShanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and TechnologyShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Ji MY, Yuan L, Lu SM, Gao MT, Zeng Z, Zhan N, Ding YJ, Liu ZR, Huang PX, Lu C, Dong WG. Glandular orientation and shape determined by computational pathology could identify aggressive tumor for early colon carcinoma: a triple-center study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:129. [PMID: 32178690 PMCID: PMC7077008 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the early-stage colon adenocarcinoma (ECA) patients who have lower risk cancer vs. the higher risk cancer could improve disease prognosis. Our study aimed to explore whether the glandular morphological features determined by computational pathology could identify high risk cancer in ECA via H&E images digitally. METHODS 532 ECA patients retrospectively from 2 independent data centers, as well as 113 from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), were enrolled in this study. Four tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed across ECA hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides. 797 quantitative glandular morphometric features were extracted and 5 most prognostic features were identified using minimum redundancy maximum relevance to construct an image classifier. The image classifier was evaluated on D2/D3 = 223, D4 = 46, D5 = 113. The expression of Ki67 and serum CEA levels were scored on D3, aiming to explore the correlations between image classifier and immunohistochemistry data and serum CEA levels. The roles of clinicopathological data and ECAHBC were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses for prognostic value. RESULTS The image classifier could predict ECA recurrence (accuracy of 88.1%). ECA histomorphometric-based image classifier (ECAHBC) was an independent prognostic factor for poorer disease-specific survival [DSS, (HR = 9.65, 95% CI 2.15-43.12, P = 0.003)]. Significant correlations were observed between ECAHBC-positive patients and positivity of Ki67 labeling index (Ki67Li) and serum CEA. CONCLUSION Glandular orientation and shape could predict the high risk cancer in ECA and contribute to precision oncology. Computational pathology is emerging as a viable and objective means of identifying predictive biomarkers for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Information Center, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shi-Min Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Ting Gao
- Department of Information Center, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Na Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Juan Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng-Ru Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping-Xiao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- College of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Chemopreventive Effect of the Germinated Oat and its Phenolic-AVA Extract in Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium (AOM/DSS) Model of Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020169. [PMID: 32050698 PMCID: PMC7074527 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and whole grains has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the content of natural compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activities. The oat (Avena sativa L.) is a unique source of avenanthramides (AVAs), among other compounds, with chemopreventive effects. In addition, oat germination has shown enhanced nutraceutical and phytochemical properties. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of the sprouted oat (SO) and its phenolic-AVA extract (AVA) in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC mouse model. Turquesa oat seeds were germinated (five days at 25 °C and 60% relative humidity) and, after 16 weeks of administration, animals in the SO- and AVA-treated groups had a significantly lower inflammation grade and tumor (38–50%) and adenocarcinoma (38–63%) incidence compared to those of the AOM+DSS group (80%). Although both treatments normalized colonic GST and NQO1 activities as well as erythrocyte GSH levels, and significantly reduced cecal and colonic β-GA, thus indicating an improvement in the intestinal parameters, the inflammatory states, and the redox states of the animals, SO exerted a superior chemopreventive effect, probably due to the synergistic effects of multiple compounds. Our results indicate that oats retain their biological properties even after the germination process.
Collapse
|
140
|
Roh J, Noh CK. Histopathologic discrepancy between endoscopic forceps biopsy and final pathology and the role of transrectal ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:65. [PMID: 32175358 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Roh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Kyun Noh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Hwang S, Jo M, Hong JE, Park CO, Lee CG, Rhee KJ. Protective Effects of Zerumbone on Colonic Tumorigenesis in Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)-Colonized AOM/DSS BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030857. [PMID: 32013191 PMCID: PMC7036928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been linked to colitis-associated colorectal cancer in humans. The human symbiont enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), a pro-carcinogenic bacterium, has the potential to initiate and/or promote colorectal cancer. Antibiotic treatment of ETBF has shown promise in decreasing colonic polyp formation in murine models of colon cancer. However, there are no reported natural products that have shown efficacy in decreasing polyp burden. In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of oral administration of zerumbone in ETBF-colonized mice with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced tumorigenesis. Zerumbone significantly reduced the severity of disease activity index (DAI) scores as well as several parameters of colonic inflammation (i.e., colon weight, colon length, cecum weight and spleen weight). In addition, inflammation of the colon and cecum as well as hyperplasia was reduced. Zerumbone treatment significantly inhibited colonic polyp numbers and prevented macroadenoma progression. Taken together, these findings suggest that oral treatment with zerumbone inhibited ETBF-promoted colon carcinogenesis in mice indicating that zerumbone could be employed as a promising protective agent against ETBF-mediated colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soonjae Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, MIRAE Campus, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (S.H.); (M.J.); (J.E.H.); (C.O.P.); (C.G.L.)
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Korea
| | - Minjeong Jo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, MIRAE Campus, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (S.H.); (M.J.); (J.E.H.); (C.O.P.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Ju Eun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, MIRAE Campus, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (S.H.); (M.J.); (J.E.H.); (C.O.P.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Chan Oh Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, MIRAE Campus, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (S.H.); (M.J.); (J.E.H.); (C.O.P.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Chang Gun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, MIRAE Campus, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (S.H.); (M.J.); (J.E.H.); (C.O.P.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, MIRAE Campus, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (S.H.); (M.J.); (J.E.H.); (C.O.P.); (C.G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-760-2445; Fax: +82-33-760-2195
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Briede I, Strumfa I, Vanags A, Gardovskis J. The Association Between Inflammation, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Colorectal Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:15-34. [PMID: 32021376 PMCID: PMC6955597 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s224441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays an important albeit dual role in carcinogenesis. Survival studies have highlighted the prognostic significance of peritumorous inflammation. Currently, the theoretical background allows inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the closely associated stem cell differentiation in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to be linked. However, there is scarce direct morphological evidence. Purpose and methods The aim of our study was to investigate the role of inflammation in cancer growth and invasion by analyzing the association between inflammation and known morphological prognostic features of colorectal cancer, EMT, stemness and mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. The study was designed as a retrospective morphological and immunohistochemical assessment of 553 consecutive cases of surgically treated primary CRC. Results There were statistically significant associations between high-grade inflammation and lower pT (p = 0.002), absence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.001) and less frequent lymphatic (p = 0.003), venous (p = 0.017), arterial (p = 0.012), perineural (p = 0.001) and intraneural (p = 0.01) invasion. In contrast, Crohn's like reaction (CLR) by density of lymphoid follicles in the invasive front lacked significant differences in regard to pT, pN, tumor invasion into surrounding structures (blood or lymphatic vessels, nerves), grade or necrosis (all p > 0.05). The expression of E-cadherin, CD44 and MMR proteins yielded no statistically significant associations with peritumorous inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen score or the density of lymphoid follicles. Nevertheless, E-cadherin levels were significantly associated with the density of eosinophils (p = 0.007). Conclusion High-grade peritumorous inflammation is associated with beneficial morphologic CRC features, including less frequent manifestations of invasion, and is not secondary to tissue damage and necrosis. CLR is not associated with cancer spread by pTN; this finding indirectly suggests an independent role of CLR in carcinogenesis. Further, inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen grade and CLR is not dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell differentiation. Our study highlights the complex associations between inflammation, tumor morphology, EMT, stemness and MMR protein expression in human CRC tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inese Briede
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Vanags
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Li M, Yue GGL, Luo L, Tsui SKW, Fung KP, Ng SSM, Lau CBS. Turmeric Is Therapeutic in Vivo on Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Xenografts: Inhibition of Growth, Metastasis, and Tumor Recurrence. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574827. [PMID: 33552955 PMCID: PMC7856407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Clinically, chemotherapeutic agents such as FOLFOX are the mainstay of colorectal cancer treatment. However, the side effects including toxicity of FOLFOX stimulated the enthusiasm for developing adjuvants, which exhibit better safety profile. Turmeric extract (TE), which has been previously shown to suppress the growth of human and murine colon xenografts, was further demonstrated here for its inhibitory effects on colon cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). PDX models were successfully established from tissues of colon cancer patients and the PDX preserved the heterogeneous architecture through passages. NOD/SCID mice bearing PDX were treated either with TE or FOLFOX and differential responses toward these treatments were observed. The growth of PDX, metastasis and tumor recurrence in PDX-bearing mice were suppressed after TE treatments with 60% anti-tumor response rate and 83.3% anti-metastasis rate. Mechanistic studies showed that TE reduced tumor cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, inhibited metastasis via modulating multiple targets, such as molecules involved in Wnt and Src pathways, EMT and EGFR-related pathways. Nevertheless, FOLFOX treatments inhibited the PDX growth with sharp decreases of mice body weight and only mild anti-metastasis activities were observed. Furthermore, in order to have a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, network pharmacology was utilized to predict potential targets and mechanism. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated for the first time that oral TE treatment was effective to suppress the growth of colon PDX and the recurrence of colon tumors in mice. The findings obtained from this clinically relevant PDX model would certainly provide valuable information for the potential clinical use of TE in colorectal cancer patients. The application of PDX model was well illustrated here as a good platform to verify the efficacy of multi-targeted herbal extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Siu-Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Clara Bik-San Lau,
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Waheed A, Cason FD. Adjuvant Radiation Survival Benefits in Patients with Stage 1B Rectal Cancer: A Population-based Study from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result Database (1973-2010). Cureus 2019; 11:e6299. [PMID: 31938592 PMCID: PMC6942502 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in the United States. Currently, total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard therapy for patients with T2N0 (stage IB) rectal cancer. Whether adjuvant radiation therapy provides a survival benefit to these patients or exposes them to unnecessary toxicity remains controversial and unproven to date. This study examined a large cohort of Stage 1B rectal cancer patients who underwent surgical resection and received adjuvant radiation in order to determine the demographic, clinical, and pathologic factors impacting prognosis and survival. Methods Demographic and clinical data on 4,054 Stage 1B rectal cancer patients were abstracted from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database (1973-2010). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v20.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) using the chi-square test, paired t-test, multivariate analysis, and Kaplan-Meier functions. Results Among 4,054 patients with stage IB rectal cancer, 2,364 (58.3%) had surgery only, 1,477 (36.4%) received combination surgery and radiation (CSR), 139 (3.4%) received radiation only, and 74 (1.8%) received no therapy. Most stage IB patients in the surgery only and CSR groups were male (65.8 and 64%) and Caucasian (78.2% and 74.2%), p<0.001. Patients receiving CSR were younger than those undergoing surgery alone (63 vs. 69 years, p<0.001). More tumors in the CSR group were 2-4 cm (53.6%), followed by > 4 cm (24%), while fewer were <cm (22.4%). Histologically, most of the tumors in the CSR group were moderately differentiated (83.5%) and adenocarcinoma NOS (95.5%), followed by poorly (9.3%) and mucinous adenocarcinoma (4.5%), well-differentiated (6.8%), and undifferentiated (0.4%). Overall survival was prolonged in the CSR group compared to the surgery-only group (5.85 years vs. 5.44 years, p<0.001), although cancer-specific survival did not differ (6.33 years vs. 6.42 years, p=0.143). Multivariate analysis identified age>60 (OR 2.4), poorly differentiated (OR 1.7) or undifferentiated grade (OR 2.6), and tumor size >2 cm (OR 1.5) as independently associated with increased mortality in the CSR group (p<0.05) while female gender conferred a survival advantage (OR 0.8), p<0.01. Conclusions In the current cohort, CSR was utilized most often in young male Caucasian patients presenting with less advanced disease as compared to other treatment groups. The overall survival is prolonged and overall mortality is lower in patients receiving CSR; however, increased cancer-related mortality with the use of CSR implies that survival benefits may be attributable to favorable non-tumor-related factors such as age, gender, and race. CSR should not replace surgery alone as the standard of care for all Stage IB rectal cancer patients at this time. However, all T2N0 rectal cancer patients should be enrolled in randomized control trials to allow for more defined multimodality management to optimize clinical outcomes for these patients.
Collapse
|
145
|
Aladhraei M, Al-Thobhani AK, Poungvarin N, Suwannalert P. Association of XPO1 Overexpression with NF-κB and Ki67 in Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3747-3754. [PMID: 31870117 PMCID: PMC7173379 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exportin 1(XPO1), a nuclear exporter protein, has been gaining recognition in cancer progression and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the overexpression of XPO1 with NF-κB, Ki67 and clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue samples and to explore the anti-proliferative effect of KPT-330, as XPO1 inhibitor, in colorectal cancer cell line. METHODS Forty CRC tissue samples were analyzed by immunostaining for the expressions of XPO1, NF-κB and Ki67 and then the anti-proliferative effect of the KPT-330 was also evaluated in HT29 colorectal cancer cell line. RESULTS XPO1 overexpression was observed in 52.5% of CRC and significantly apparent with strong intensity in tumor cells compared to the normal adjacent epithelium (P<0.001). Regarding to the histopathological characteristics, the XPO1 overexpression significantly associated with advanced tumor stages (P=0.049) and has great tendency towards moderate/poorly differentiated tumors. Although the XPO1 overexpression was strongly associated with high Ki67 expression (P=0.001), only Ki67 expression showed significant association with tumor size (P=0.012). No significant association was detected between the XPO1 overexpression and NF-κB, while the NF-κB positive expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and Ki67 expression at P=0.027 and P= 0.007, respectively. The in vitro experiments showed a great impact of KPT-330, as XPO1 inhibitor, to inhibit cancer growth in dose and time dependent manner and significantly diminished the colony formation (P<0.001) of HT29 cells- associated with the expression of Ki67 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION XPO1 overexpression and NF-κB expression may serve as potential biomarker associated with CRC pathogenesis and proliferation, while the KPT-330 is effectively inhibited-colon cancer growth in vitro. Further studies considering the prognostication role of XPO1 overexpression in CRC are required. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulla Kassem Al-Thobhani
- Clinical Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,
| | - Naravat Poungvarin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, Sana’a, Yemen.
| | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Mattiuzzi C, Sanchis-Gomar F, Lippi G. Concise update on colorectal cancer epidemiology. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:609. [PMID: 32047770 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.07.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a type of gastrointestinal malignancy originating from either the colon or rectum. In this short report we provide a concise update on recent colorectal cancer statistics, especially concerning frequency, mortality, life expectancy and risk factors. Overall, colorectal cancer is the third more frequent malignant disease around the world (1.85 million of new cases/years; 10.2% of total malignancies), with 2.27% cumulative risk of onset between 0-74 years. The age-standardized rate increases by over 10-fold before the age of 50 up to ≥85 years, whilst men have ~50% enhanced risk compared to women (the 0-74 years risk is 2.75% in men and 1.83% in women, respectively). Although colorectal cancer screening has contributed to slightly reduce the number of diagnoses at advanced stages, most cases are only identified after symptoms onset. The number of worldwide deaths for colorectal cancer has been estimated at 0.88 million in 2018, representing ~1.4% of all-cause and ~8.9% of cancer-related deaths, with over 30% increase occurred during the past 15 years and a further 25% growth expected by the year 2030. The cumulative risk of dying for colorectal cancer is 0.92% between 0-74 years (1.14% in men and 0.72% in women, respectively). The 5-year cumulative survival is 64-67%, being 89-90% in patients with localized cancer, 70-71% in those with regional cancer, decreasing to 14-15% in those with distant cancer. The leading risk factors include familial history, pre-cancerous conditions, tall stature, physical inactivity, overweight, large intake of alcoholic beverages, high consumption of red or processed meat, as well as modest intake of dairy products and foods containing wholegrains or dietary fibre. The association between colorectal cancer and human development index suggests that reinforcement or timely establishment of preventive measures and accurate screening programs may be advisable, especially in countries undergoing considerable societal and economic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Mattiuzzi
- Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services, Trento, Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Farajihaye Qazvini F, Samadi N, Saffari M, Emami-Razavi AN, Shirkoohi R. Fibroblast growth factor-10 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:530-539. [PMID: 31611737 PMCID: PMC6785779 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) has a role in cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryo in addition to invasion and metastasis during carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the FGF-10 gene expression in tumor tissues based on the pathological feature of tumor related to EMT and metastasis. 62 tumors were obtained from 62 colorectal cancer patients during surgery. The pathological characteristics of the patients were carefully collected and classified by Iran National Tumor Bank. To quantify FGF-10 gene expression, RNA extraction, reverse transcription-PCR and real-time PCR were respectively performed. In addition, three colorectal cancer cell lines including LS174T, SW-948 and SW-480 were collected and cultured for further molecular analysis. Consequently, FGF-10 gene expression showed increased expression level in LS174T and SW-948 while it displayed decreased level in SW-480. Considering the tumor samples, we found an upregulation of FGF-10 gene expression in 52.1 % of all tumors in stage III and only in 9.09 % of all tumors in stage I. Also, there were an upregulation of FGF-10 gene expression in 50 % of all positive lymph invasion patients. Besides, FGF-10 gene upregulation was observed in 50 % of all tumors with a size larger than 5 cm (P value < 0.05) and 69 % of all tumors located in the colon (P value < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first time that FGF-10 expression is reported based on pathological features of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farajihaye Qazvini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Saffari
- Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nader Emami-Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
A qualitative transcriptional signature for determining the grade of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:680-690. [PMID: 31595030 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Histological grading (HG) is an important prognostic factor of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC): the high-grade CRAC patients have poorer prognosis after tumor resection. Especially, the high-grade stage II CRAC patients are recommended to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Due to the subjective nature of HG assessment, it is difficult to achieve consistency among pathologists, which brings patients uncertain grading outcomes and inappropriate treatments. We developed a qualitative transcriptional signature based on the within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of gene pairs to discriminate high-grade and low-grade CRAC. Using the stage II-III CRAC samples, we detected gene pairs with stable REOs in the high-grade samples and reversal stable REOs in the low-grade samples, and retained the gene pairs whose specific REO patterns were significantly associated with the disease-free survival of patients by univariate Cox regression model. Then, we used a forward-backward searching procedure to extract gene pairs with the highest concordance index as the final grading signature. Finally, 9 gene pairs (9-GPS) were developed to divide CRAC patients into high-grade and low-grade groups. With the signature, there were more differential expression characteristics between reclassified high-grade and low-grade groups. Significant difference of prognosis between the classified two group patients could be seen in four independent datasets. Additionally, genomic analyses showed that the classified high-grade groups were characterized by hypermutation while classified low-grade groups were characterized by frequent copy number alternations. In conclusion, the 9-GPS can provide an objective and robust grading assessment for CRAC patients, which could assist clinical treatment decision.
Collapse
|
149
|
Ganesh K, Wu C, O'Rourke KP, Szeglin BC, Zheng Y, Sauvé CEG, Adileh M, Wasserman I, Marco MR, Kim AS, Shady M, Sanchez-Vega F, Karthaus WR, Won HH, Choi SH, Pelossof R, Barlas A, Ntiamoah P, Pappou E, Elghouayel A, Strong JS, Chen CT, Harris JW, Weiser MR, Nash GM, Guillem JG, Wei IH, Kolesnick RN, Veeraraghavan H, Ortiz EJ, Petkovska I, Cercek A, Manova-Todorova KO, Saltz LB, Lavery JA, DeMatteo RP, Massagué J, Paty PB, Yaeger R, Chen X, Patil S, Clevers H, Berger MF, Lowe SW, Shia J, Romesser PB, Dow LE, Garcia-Aguilar J, Sawyers CL, Smith JJ. A rectal cancer organoid platform to study individual responses to chemoradiation. Nat Med 2019; 25:1607-1614. [PMID: 31591597 PMCID: PMC7385919 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rectal cancer (RC) is a challenging disease to treat that requires chemotherapy, radiation and surgery to optimize outcomes for individual patients. No accurate model of RC exists to answer fundamental research questions relevant to patients. We established a biorepository of 65 patient-derived RC organoid cultures (tumoroids) from patients with primary, metastatic or recurrent disease. RC tumoroids retained molecular features of the tumors from which they were derived, and their ex vivo responses to clinically relevant chemotherapy and radiation treatment correlated with the clinical responses noted in individual patients' tumors. Upon engraftment into murine rectal mucosa, human RC tumoroids gave rise to invasive RC followed by metastasis to lung and liver. Importantly, engrafted tumors displayed the heterogenous sensitivity to chemotherapy observed clinically. Thus, the biology and drug sensitivity of RC clinical isolates can be efficiently interrogated using an organoid-based, ex vivo platform coupled with in vivo endoluminal propagation in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Ganesh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin P O'Rourke
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine/Rockefeller University/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bryan C Szeglin
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Youyun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Adileh
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isaac Wasserman
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Marco
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda S Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maha Shady
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wouter R Karthaus
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen H Won
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seo-Hyun Choi
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Pelossof
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afsar Barlas
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Ntiamoah
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanouil Pappou
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Elghouayel
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James S Strong
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chin-Tung Chen
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer W Harris
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin R Weiser
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Garrett M Nash
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose G Guillem
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iris H Wei
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harini Veeraraghavan
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo J Ortiz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iva Petkovska
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leonard B Saltz
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica A Lavery
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip B Paty
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Sylvestor Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sujata Patil
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University of Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul B Romesser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julio Garcia-Aguilar
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - J Joshua Smith
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Munro MJ, Wickremesekera SK, Peng L, Marsh RW, Itinteang T, Tan ST. Cancer stem cell subpopulations in primary colon adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221963. [PMID: 31491003 PMCID: PMC6730900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The cancer stem cell concept proposes that tumor growth and recurrence is driven by a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study we investigated the expression of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) markers and their localization in primary low-grade adenocarcinoma (LGCA) and high-grade adenocarcinoma (HGCA) and their patient-matched normal colon samples. Materials and methods Transcription and translation of iPSC markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4 and c-MYC were investigated using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, RT-qPCR and in-situ hybridization (ISH). Results All five iPSC markers were detected at the transcriptional and translational levels. Protein abundance was found to be correlated with tumor grade. Based on their protein expression within the tumors, two sub-populations of cells were identified: a NANOG+/OCT4- epithelial subpopulation and an OCT4+/NANOG- stromal subpopulation. All cases were accurately graded based on four pieces of iPSC marker-related data. Conclusions This study suggests the presence of two putative sub-populations of CSCs: a NANOG+/OCT4- epithelial subpopulation and an OCT4+/NANOG- stromal subpopulation. Normal colon, LGCA and HGCA could be accurately distinguished from one another using iPSC marker expression. Once validated, novel combinations of iPSC markers may provide diagnostic and prognostic value to help guide patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Munro
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Newtown, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Susrutha K. Wickremesekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Newtown, Wellington, New Zealand
- Upper Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Section, Department of General Surgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Reginald W. Marsh
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Newtown, Wellington, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tinte Itinteang
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Newtown, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Swee T. Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Newtown, Wellington, New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|