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Speranza MC, Passaro C, Ricklefs F, Kasai K, Klein SR, Nakashima H, Kaufmann JK, Ahmed AK, Nowicki MO, Obi P, Bronisz A, Aguilar-Cordova E, Aguilar LK, Guzik BW, Breakefield X, Weissleder R, Freeman GJ, Reardon DA, Wen PY, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. Preclinical investigation of combined gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:225-235. [PMID: 29016938 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Combined immunotherapy approaches are promising cancer treatments. We evaluated anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment combined with gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy (GMCI) performed by intratumoral injection of a prodrug metabolizing nonreplicating adenovirus (AdV-tk), providing in situ chemotherapy and immune stimulation. Methods The effects of GMCI on PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in glioblastoma were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of the combination was investigated in 2 syngeneic mouse glioblastoma models (GL261 and CT-2A). Immune infiltrates were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results GMCI upregulated PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Both GMCI and anti-PD-1 increased intratumoral T-cell infiltration. A higher percentage of long-term survivors was observed in mice treated with combined GMCI/anti-PD-1 relative to single treatments. Long-term survivors were protected from tumor rechallenge, demonstrating durable memory antitumor immunity. GMCI led to elevated interferon gamma positive T cells and a lower proportion of exhausted double positive PD1+TIM+CD8+ T cells. GMCI also increased PD-L1 levels on tumor cells and infiltrating macrophages/microglia. Our data suggest that anti-PD-1 treatment improves the effectiveness of GMCI by overcoming interferon-induced PD-L1-mediated inhibitory signals, and GMCI improves anti-PD-1 efficacy by increasing tumor-infiltrating T-cell activation. Conclusions Our data show that the GMCI/anti-PD-1 combination is well tolerated and effective in glioblastoma mouse models. These results support evaluation of this combination in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carmela Speranza
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carmela Passaro
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kazue Kasai
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah R Klein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johanna K Kaufmann
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abdul-Kareem Ahmed
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prisca Obi
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Estuardo Aguilar-Cordova
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura K Aguilar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Advantagene Inc., Auburndale, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xandra Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Neurooncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neurooncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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102
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Unterholzner L, Dunphy G. cGAS-independent STING activation in response to DNA damage. Mol Cell Oncol 2019; 6:1558682. [PMID: 31211228 PMCID: PMC6548478 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2018.1558682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-DNA has previously been thought to be protected from immune detection by compartmentalisation in the nucleus or mitochondria. Here, we describe the discovery of a signalling cascade that links the detection of DNA damage in the nucleus to the activation of the innate immune adaptor STING (STimulator of INterfern Genes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Unterholzner
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- CONTACT Leonie Unterholzner Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Gillian Dunphy
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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103
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Abstract
In mammals, cytosolic detection of nucleic acids is critical in initiating innate antiviral responses against invading pathogens (like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites). These programs are mediated by multiple cytosolic and endosomal sensors and adaptor molecules (c-GAS/STING axis and TLR9/MyD88 axis, respectively) and lead to the production of type I interferons (IFNs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. While the identity and role of multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been elucidated, such immune surveillance systems must be tightly regulated to limit collateral damage and prevent aberrant responses to self- and non-self-nucleic acids. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how cytosolic sensing of DNA is controlled during inflammatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Abe
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sagi D Shapira
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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104
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Marcus A, Mao AJ, Lensink-Vasan M, Wang L, Vance RE, Raulet DH. Tumor-Derived cGAMP Triggers a STING-Mediated Interferon Response in Non-tumor Cells to Activate the NK Cell Response. Immunity 2018; 49:754-763.e4. [PMID: 30332631 PMCID: PMC6488306 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Detection of cytosolic DNA by the enzyme cGAS triggers the production of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds and activates the adaptor protein STING, which leads to interferon (IFN) production. Here, we found that in vivo natural killer (NK) cell killing of tumor cells, but not of normal cells, depends on STING expression in non-tumor cells. Experiments using transplantable tumor models in STING- and cGAS-deficient mice revealed that cGAS expression by tumor cells was critical for tumor rejection by NK cells. In contrast, cGAS expression by host cells was dispensable, suggesting that tumor-derived cGAMP is transferred to non-tumor cells, where it activates STING. cGAMP administration triggered STING activation and IFN-β production in myeloid cells and B cells but not NK cells. Our results reveal that the anti-tumor response of NK cells critically depends on the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, similar to its role in defense against pathogens, and identify tumor-derived cGAMP as a major determinant of tumor immunogenicity with implications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Marcus
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amy J Mao
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Monisha Lensink-Vasan
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - LeeAnn Wang
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Russell E Vance
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Immunotherapeutics and Vaccine Research Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - David H Raulet
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Immunotherapeutics and Vaccine Research Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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105
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Gravis G, Billon E, Baldini C, Massard C, Hilgers W, Delva R, Walz J, Pignot G, Rybikowski S, Dermeche S, Thomassin J, Brunelle S, Lavaud P, Loriot Y. Unexpected response to cisplatin rechallenge after immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma refractory to platinum regimen. Eur J Cancer 2018; 104:236-238. [PMID: 30316610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Gravis
- From the Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - Emilien Billon
- Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Capucine Baldini
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Massard
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Werner Hilgers
- Medical Oncology, Institut Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
| | - Remy Delva
- Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Jochen Walz
- Surgical Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Jeanne Thomassin
- Biopathology Department Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Serge Brunelle
- Radiology Department Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Pernelle Lavaud
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
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106
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Hadwiger LA, Tanaka K. DNA Damage and Chromatin Conformation Changes Confer Nonhost Resistance: A Hypothesis Based on Effects of Anti-cancer Agents on Plant Defense Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1056. [PMID: 30087685 PMCID: PMC6066612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, medical research has utilized DNA altering procedures in cancer treatments with the objective of killing cells or suppressing cell proliferation. Simultaneous research related to enhancing disease resistance in plants reported that alterations in DNA can enhance defense responses. These two opposite perspectives have in common their effects on the center for gene transcription, the nuclear chromatin. A review of selected research from both anticancer- and plant defense-related research provides examples of some specific DNA altering actions: DNA helical distortion, DNA intercalation, DNA base substitution, DNA single cleavage by DNases, DNA alkylation/methylation, and DNA binding/exclusion. The actions of the pertinent agents are compared, and their proposed modes of action are described in this study. Many of the DNA specific agents affecting resistance responses in plants, e.g., the model system using pea endocarp tissue, are indeed anticancer agents. The tumor cell death or growth suppression in cancer cells following high level treatments may be accompanied with chromatin distortions. Likewise, in plants, DNA-specific agents activate enhanced expression of many genes including defense genes, probably due to the chromatin alterations resulting from the agents. Here, we propose a hypothesis that DNA damage and chromatin structural changes are central mechanisms in initiating defense gene transcription during the nonhost resistance response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Hadwiger
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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107
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Komorowska K, Doyle A, Wahlestedt M, Subramaniam A, Debnath S, Chen J, Soneji S, Van Handel B, Mikkola HKA, Miharada K, Bryder D, Larsson J, Magnusson M. Hepatic Leukemia Factor Maintains Quiescence of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Protects the Stem Cell Pool during Regeneration. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3514-3523. [PMID: 29262330 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) is strongly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and is thought to influence both HSC self-renewal and leukemogenesis. However, the physiological role of HLF in hematopoiesis and HSC function is unclear. Here, we report that mice lacking Hlf are viable with essentially normal hematopoietic parameters, including an intact HSC pool during steady-state hematopoiesis. In contrast, when challenged through transplantation, Hlf-deficient HSCs showed an impaired ability to reconstitute hematopoiesis and became gradually exhausted upon serial transplantation. Transcriptional profiling of Hlf-deficient HSCs revealed changes associated with enhanced cellular activation, and cell-cycle analysis demonstrated a significant reduction of quiescent HSCs. Accordingly, toxic insults targeting dividing cells completely eradicated the HSC pool in Hlf-deficient mice. In summary, our findings point to HLF as a critical regulator of HSC quiescence and as an essential factor for maintaining the HSC pool during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Komorowska
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Doyle
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Wahlestedt
- Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agatheeswaran Subramaniam
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shubhranshu Debnath
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jun Chen
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ben Van Handel
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; CarthroniX, Inc., Tarzana, CA 91356, USA
| | - Hanna K A Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenichi Miharada
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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108
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Kopp B, Dario M, Zalko D, Audebert M. Assessment of a panel of cellular biomarkers and the kinetics of their induction in comparing genotoxic modes of action in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:516-528. [PMID: 29668064 DOI: 10.1002/em.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One major challenge for in vitro genotoxicology is the determination of the genotoxic mode of action of tested compounds. The quantification of the phosphorylation of the histones H3 (pH3) and H2AX (γH2AX) allows an efficient discrimination between aneugenic and clastogenic compounds. However, these two biomarkers do not permit to deduct the specific mechanisms involved in the action of clastogenic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate other possible cellular biomarkers allowing differentiating clastogenic properties. For this purpose, we analyzed γH2AX and pH3 plus six other biomarkers involved in the DNA damage signaling pathway in HepG2 cells treated with nine clastogens exhibiting different mechanisms of action, as well as one aneugen. All compounds were tested at various concentrations and with kinetics of 2, 6, 24 and 48 hr. Our results demonstrate the activation of the investigated biomarkers by the tested compounds in a time and concentration dependent manner. Notably, we observed for some nondirect genotoxic clastogens, notably dNTPs pool imbalance inducers, a different kinetic of DNA damage induction compared with direct genotoxins (oxidative stress). However, no specific biomarker signature of mechanisms of clastogenic action could be specified. Multiparametric analysis demonstrates a strong correlation between γH2AX and p-p53(S15) for clastogen compounds. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:516-528, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kopp
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Fougères, France
| | - Morgane Dario
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Audebert
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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109
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Shannon JL, Murphy MS, Kantheti U, Burnett JM, Hahn MG, Dorrity TJ, Bacas CJ, Mattice EB, Corpuz KD, Barker BR. Polyglutamine binding protein 1 (PQBP1) inhibits innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA. Mol Immunol 2018; 99:182-190. [PMID: 29807326 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of immune sensing of cytosolic DNA of both pathogen and host origin. We aimed to examine the role of DNA sensors interferon-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in responding to cytosolic DNA. We show IFI16 and cGAS can synergistically induce IFNb transcriptional activity in response to cytoplasmic DNA. We also examined the role of polyglutamine binding protein 1 (PQBP1), a protein predominantly expressed in lymphoid and myeloid cells that has been shown to lead to type I interferon production in response to retroviral infection. We show PQBP1 associates with cGAS and IFI16 in THP-1 cells. Unexpectedly, knockout of PQBP1 in THP-1 cells causes significantly increased type I IFN production in response to transfected cytosolic nucleic acids or DNA damage, unlike what is seen in response to retroviral infection. Overexpression of PQBP1 in HEK293 T cells impairs IFI16/cGAS-induced IFNb transcriptional activity. In human cancer patients, low expression of PQBP1 is correlated with improved survival, the opposite correlation of that seen with cGAS or IFI16 expression. Our findings suggest that PQBP1 inhibits IFI16/cGAS-induced signaling in response to cytosolic DNA, in contrast to the role of this protein in response to retroviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Shannon
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States
| | - Molly S Murphy
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States
| | - Uma Kantheti
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States
| | - Jordan M Burnett
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States
| | - Marina G Hahn
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States
| | - Tyler J Dorrity
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States
| | - Constantinos J Bacas
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States
| | - Ethan B Mattice
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States
| | - Kathryna D Corpuz
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States
| | - Brianne R Barker
- Department of Biology, Drew University, 36 Madison Avenue, Madison, NJ 07940, United States.
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110
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Shevchenko G, Morris KV. All I's on the RADAR: role of ADAR in gene regulation. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2860-2873. [PMID: 29770436 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing is the most abundant form of RNA modification in mammalian cells, which is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on the double-stranded RNA (ADAR) protein family. A-to-I editing is currently known to be involved in the regulation of the immune system, RNA splicing, protein recoding, microRNA biogenesis, and formation of heterochromatin. Editing occurs within regions of double-stranded RNA, particularly within inverted Alu repeats, and is associated with many diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic syndromes. However, the significance of RNA editing in a large portion of the transcriptome remains unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge about the prevalence and function of A-to-I editing by the ADAR protein family, focusing on its role in the regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, RNA editing-independent regulation of cellular processes by ADAR and the putative role(s) of this process in gene regulation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Shevchenko
- Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kevin V Morris
- Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
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111
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Chen J, Markelc B, Kaeppler J, Ogundipe VML, Cao Y, McKenna WG, Muschel RJ. STING-Dependent Interferon-λ1 Induction in HT29 Cells, a Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line, After Gamma-Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:97-106. [PMID: 29619982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the induction of type III interferons (IFNs) in human cancer cells by gamma-rays. METHODS AND MATERIALS Type III IFN expression in human cancer cell lines after gamma-ray irradiation in vitro was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Signaling pathways mediating type III IFN induction were examined by a variety of means, including immunoblotting, flow cytometry, confocal imaging, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Key mediators in these pathways were further explored and validated using gene CRISPR knockout or short hairpin RNA knockdown. RESULTS Exposure to gamma-rays directly induced type III IFNs (mainly IFNL1) in human cancer cell lines in dose- and time-dependent fashions. The induction of IFNL1 was primarily mediated by the cytosolic DNA sensors-STING-TBK1-IRF1 signaling axis, with a lesser contribution from the nuclear factor kappa b signaling in HT29 cells. In addition, type III IFN signaling through its receptors serves as a positive feedback loop, further enhancing IFN expression via up-regulation of the kinases in the STING-TBK1 signaling axis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that IFNL1 can be up-regulated in human cancer cell lines after gamma-ray treatment. In HT29 cells this induction occurs via the STING pathway, adding another layer of complexity to the understanding of radiation-induced antitumor immunity, and may provide novel insights into IFN-based cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Chen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Kaeppler
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian M L Ogundipe
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yunhong Cao
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - W Gillies McKenna
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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112
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YENER Y, YERLİKAYA FH. Western diet induces endogen oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage and infl ammation in Wistar rats. REV NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652018000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective Nutritional diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disorder, chronic inflammation or even cancer are observed in people who sustain their lifestyle by Western diet due to high calorie intake. The origin of these diseases are the degraded deoxyribonucleic acid structure. In this study, we investigated whether Western diet produced endogenous oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage, apoptosis or inflammation. Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats, aged 10-12 weeks, were divided into four groups. The rats in control group received the standard diet and the remaining rats were given one of the following three diets for four weeks: a high-fat diet containing 35% fat, a high-sucrose diet containing 69% sucrose and Western diet comprising both two types of diets. After treatment the serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1, chitinase-3-like protein 1, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, Fas ligand and cytochrome c levels were measured. Results It was observed no changes in the serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, Fas ligand and cytochrome c levels whereas a statistically significant increase in the serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1 and chitinase-3-like protein 1 levels were found only in rats that were given Western diet. Conclusion The findings show that Western diet produced endogenous oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage, which then increased serum poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1 levels, eventually leading to inflammation.
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113
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Post AEM, Smid M, Nagelkerke A, Martens JWM, Bussink J, Sweep FCGJ, Span PN. Interferon-Stimulated Genes Are Involved in Cross-resistance to Radiotherapy in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3397-3408. [PMID: 29661777 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Treatment resistance is the main cause of adverse disease outcome in breast cancer patients. Here, we aimed to investigate common features in tamoxifen-resistant and radioresistant breast cancer, as tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells are cross-resistant to irradiation in vitroExperimental Design: RNA sequencing of tamoxifen-resistant and radioresistant breast cancer cells was performed and validated by quantitative PCR. Pathways were further investigated in vitro and in breast cancer patient cohorts to establish their relation with treatment resistance.Results: Both tamoxifen-resistant and radioresistant breast cancer cells had increased expression levels of genes involved in type I IFN signaling compared with nonresistant cells. IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) were induced in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner after tamoxifen treatment and irradiation. Tamoxifen treatment also led to ssDNA presence in the cytoplasm, which is known to induce expression of ISGs, a phenomenon that has already been described for irradiation. Moreover, in a breast cancer patient cohort, high expression levels of ISGs were found in the primary tumor in around half of the patients. This was associated with a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) expression signature, although the ISGs were also expressed by the tumor cells themselves. Importantly, the expression of ISGs correlated with outcome in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen or radiotherapy, but not in systemically untreated patients or chemotherapy-treated patients.Conclusions: Our data indicate that expression of ISGs by tumor cells is involved in acquired, treatment-induced resistance to tamoxifen and radiotherapy, and might play a role in intrinsic resistance via interaction with TILs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3397-408. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie E M Post
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fred C G J Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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114
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Li T, Chen ZJ. The cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway connects DNA damage to inflammation, senescence, and cancer. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1287-1299. [PMID: 29622565 PMCID: PMC5940270 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cGAS–cGAMP–STING pathway mediates immune and inflammatory responses to cytosolic DNA. This review summarizes recent findings on how genomic instability leads to cGAS activation and how this pathway critically connects DNA damage to autoinflammatory diseases, cellular senescence, and cancer. Detection of microbial DNA is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that alerts the host immune system to mount a defense response to microbial infections. However, this detection mechanism also poses a challenge to the host as to how to distinguish foreign DNA from abundant self-DNA. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)–adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS) is a DNA sensor that triggers innate immune responses through production of the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds and activates the adaptor protein STING. However, cGAS can be activated by double-stranded DNA irrespective of the sequence, including self-DNA. Although how cGAS is normally kept inactive in cells is still not well understood, recent research has provided strong evidence that genomic DNA damage leads to cGAS activation to stimulate inflammatory responses. This review summarizes recent findings on how genomic instability and DNA damage trigger cGAS activation and how cGAS serves as a link from DNA damage to inflammation, cellular senescence, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX .,Center for Inflammation Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zhijian J Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX .,Center for Inflammation Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
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115
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Mariggiò G, Koch S, Schulz TF. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus pathogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0275. [PMID: 28893942 PMCID: PMC5597742 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), taxonomical name human gammaherpesvirus 8, is a phylogenetically old human virus that co-evolved with human populations, but is now only common (seroprevalence greater than 10%) in sub-Saharan Africa, around the Mediterranean Sea, parts of South America and in a few ethnic communities. KSHV causes three human malignancies, Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and many cases of the plasmablastic form of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) as well as occasional cases of plasmablastic lymphoma arising from MCD; it has also been linked to rare cases of bone marrow failure and hepatitis. As it has colonized humans physiologically for many thousand years, cofactors are needed to allow it to unfold its pathogenic potential. In most cases, these include immune defects of genetic, iatrogenic or infectious origin, and inflammation appears to play an important role in disease development. Our much improved understanding of its life cycle and its role in pathogenesis should now allow us to develop new therapeutic strategies directed against key viral proteins or intracellular pathways that are crucial for virus replication or persistence. Likewise, its limited (for a herpesvirus) distribution and transmission should offer an opportunity for the development and use of a vaccine to prevent transmission. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human oncogenic viruses’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mariggiò
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Koch
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany .,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, Hannover, Germany
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116
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Bartsch K, Knittler K, Borowski C, Rudnik S, Damme M, Aden K, Spehlmann ME, Frey N, Saftig P, Chalaris A, Rabe B. Absence of RNase H2 triggers generation of immunogenic micronuclei removed by autophagy. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3960-3972. [PMID: 29016854 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomorphic mutations in the DNA repair enzyme RNase H2 cause the neuroinflammatory autoimmune disorder Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). Endogenous nucleic acids are believed to accumulate in patient cells and instigate pathogenic type I interferon expression. However, the underlying nucleic acid species amassing in the absence of RNase H2 has not been established yet. Here, we report that murine RNase H2 knockout cells accumulated cytosolic DNA aggregates virtually indistinguishable from micronuclei. RNase H2-dependent micronuclei were surrounded by nuclear lamina and most of them contained damaged DNA. Importantly, they induced expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and co-localized with the nucleic acid sensor cGAS. Moreover, micronuclei associated with RNase H2 deficiency were cleared by autophagy. Consequently, induction of autophagy by pharmacological mTOR inhibition resulted in a significant reduction of cytosolic DNA and the accompanied interferon signature. Autophagy induction might therefore represent a viable therapeutic option for RNase H2-dependent disease. Endogenous retroelements have previously been proposed as a source of self-nucleic acids triggering inappropriate activation of the immune system in AGS. We used human RNase H2-knockout cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the impact of RNase H2 on retroelement propagation. Surprisingly, replication of LINE-1 and Alu elements was blunted in cells lacking RNase H2, establishing RNase H2 as essential host factor for the mobilisation of endogenous retrotransposons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareen Bartsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Knittler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher Borowski
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sönke Rudnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina E Spehlmann
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Athena Chalaris
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn Rabe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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117
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Leonova K, Safina A, Nesher E, Sandlesh P, Pratt R, Burkhart C, Lipchick B, Gitlin I, Frangou C, Koman I, Wang J, Kirsanov K, Yakubovskaya MG, Gudkov AV, Gurova K. TRAIN (Transcription of Repeats Activates INterferon) in response to chromatin destabilization induced by small molecules in mammalian cells. eLife 2018; 7:e30842. [PMID: 29400649 PMCID: PMC5815852 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular responses to the loss of genomic stability are well-established, while how mammalian cells respond to chromatin destabilization is largely unknown. We previously found that DNA demethylation on p53-deficient background leads to transcription of repetitive heterochromatin elements, followed by an interferon response, a phenomenon we named TRAIN (Transcription of Repeats Activates INterferon). Here, we report that curaxin, an anticancer small molecule, destabilizing nucleosomes via disruption of histone/DNA interactions, also induces TRAIN. Furthermore, curaxin inhibits oncogene-induced transformation and tumor growth in mice in an interferon-dependent manner, suggesting that anticancer activity of curaxin, previously attributed to p53-activation and NF-kappaB-inhibition, may also involve induction of interferon response to epigenetic derepression of the cellular 'repeatome'. Moreover, we observed that another type of drugs decondensing chromatin, HDAC inhibitor, also induces TRAIN. Thus, we proposed that TRAIN may be one of the mechanisms ensuring epigenetic integrity of mammalian cells via elimination of cells with desilenced chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Alfiya Safina
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Molecular BiologyAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Poorva Sandlesh
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Rachel Pratt
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | | | - Brittany Lipchick
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Ilya Gitlin
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Costakis Frangou
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular BiologyAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of BioinformaticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Department of Chemical CarcinogenesisInstitute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center RAMSMoscowRussia
| | - Marianna G Yakubovskaya
- Department of Chemical CarcinogenesisInstitute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center RAMSMoscowRussia
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
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118
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Mlcochova P, Caswell SJ, Taylor IA, Towers GJ, Gupta RK. DNA damage induced by topoisomerase inhibitors activates SAMHD1 and blocks HIV-1 infection of macrophages. EMBO J 2018; 37:50-62. [PMID: 29084722 PMCID: PMC5753034 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that DNA damage induced by topoisomerase inhibitors, including etoposide (ETO), results in a potent block to HIV-1 infection in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). SAMHD1 suppresses viral reverse transcription (RT) through depletion of cellular dNTPs but is naturally switched off by phosphorylation in a subpopulation of MDM found in a G1-like state. We report that SAMHD1 was activated by dephosphorylation following ETO treatment, along with loss of expression of MCM2 and CDK1, and reduction in dNTP levels. Suppression of infection occurred after completion of viral DNA synthesis, at the step of 2LTR circle and provirus formation. The ETO-induced block was completely rescued by depletion of SAMHD1 in MDM Concordantly, infection by HIV-2 and SIVsm encoding the SAMHD1 antagonist Vpx was insensitive to ETO treatment. The mechanism of DNA damage-induced blockade of HIV-1 infection involved activation of p53, p21, decrease in CDK1 expression, and SAMHD1 dephosphorylation. Therefore, topoisomerase inhibitors regulate SAMHD1 and HIV permissivity at a post-RT step, revealing a mechanism by which the HIV-1 reservoir may be limited by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah J Caswell
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ian A Taylor
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
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119
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Seelige R, Searles S, Bui JD. Mechanisms regulating immune surveillance of cellular stress in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:225-240. [PMID: 28744671 PMCID: PMC11105730 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore immune-mediated mechanisms of stress surveillance in cancer, with particular emphasis on the idea that all cancers have classical hallmarks (Hanahan and Weinberg in Cell 100:57-70, 67; Cell 144:646-674, 68) that could be interrelated. We postulate that hallmarks of cancer associated with cellular stress pathways (Luo et al. in Cell 136:823-837, 101) including oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, mitotic stress, DNA damage, and metabolic stress could define and modulate the inflammatory component of cancer. As such, the overarching goal of this review is to define the types of cellular stress that cancer cells undergo, and then to explore mechanisms by which immune cells recognize, respond to, and are affected by each stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Seelige
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Stephen Searles
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
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120
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Cytosolic sensing of immuno-stimulatory DNA, the enemy within. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 50:82-87. [PMID: 29247853 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the cytoplasm, DNA is sensed as a universal danger signal by the innate immune system. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor/enzyme that catalyzes formation of 2'-5'-cGAMP, an atypical cyclic di-nucleotide second messenger that binds and activates the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), resulting in recruitment of Tank Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1), activation of the transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3), and trans-activation of innate immune response genes, including type I Interferon cytokines (IFN-I). Activation of the pro-inflammatory cGAS-STING-IRF3 response is triggered by direct recognition of the DNA genomes of bacteria and viruses, but also during RNA virus infection, neoplastic transformation, tumor immunotherapy and systemic auto-inflammatory diseases. In these circumstances, the source of immuno-stimulatory DNA has often represented a fundamental yet poorly understood aspect of the response. This review focuses on recent findings related to cGAS activation by an array of self-derived DNA substrates, including endogenous retroviral elements, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and micronuclei generated as a result of genotoxic stress and DNA damage. These findings emphasize the role of the cGAS axis as a cell-intrinsic innate immune response to a wide variety of genomic insults.
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121
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Malfatti MC, Balachander S, Antoniali G, Koh KD, Saint-Pierre C, Gasparutto D, Chon H, Crouch RJ, Storici F, Tell G. Abasic and oxidized ribonucleotides embedded in DNA are processed by human APE1 and not by RNase H2. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11193-11212. [PMID: 28977421 PMCID: PMC5737539 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleoside 5′-monophosphates (rNMPs) are the most common non-standard nucleotides found in DNA of eukaryotic cells, with over 100 million rNMPs transiently incorporated in the mammalian genome per cell cycle. Human ribonuclease (RNase) H2 is the principal enzyme able to cleave rNMPs in DNA. Whether RNase H2 may process abasic or oxidized rNMPs incorporated in DNA is unknown. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is mainly responsible for repairing oxidized and abasic sites into DNA. Here we show that human RNase H2 is unable to process an abasic rNMP (rAP site) or a ribose 8oxoG (r8oxoG) site embedded in DNA. On the contrary, we found that recombinant purified human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APE1) and APE1 from human cell extracts efficiently process an rAP site in DNA and have weak endoribonuclease and 3′-exonuclease activities on r8oxoG substrate. Using biochemical assays, our results provide evidence of a human enzyme able to recognize and process abasic and oxidized ribonucleotides embedded in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sathya Balachander
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Kyung Duk Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,University of California, San Francisco, UCSF, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Saint-Pierre
- Chimie Reconnaissance & Etude Assemblages Biologiques, Université Grenoble Alpes, SPrAM UMR5819 CEA CNRS UGA, INAC/CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Gasparutto
- Chimie Reconnaissance & Etude Assemblages Biologiques, Université Grenoble Alpes, SPrAM UMR5819 CEA CNRS UGA, INAC/CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Hyongi Chon
- Developmental Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Crouch
- Developmental Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesca Storici
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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122
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Trigg BJ, Lauer KB, Fernandes Dos Santos P, Coleman H, Balmus G, Mansur DS, Ferguson BJ. The Non-Homologous End Joining Protein PAXX Acts to Restrict HSV-1 Infection. Viruses 2017; 9:E342. [PMID: 29144403 PMCID: PMC5707549 DOI: 10.3390/v9110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has extensive interactions with the host DNA damage response (DDR) machinery that can be either detrimental or beneficial to the virus. Proteins in the homologous recombination pathway are known to be required for efficient replication of the viral genome, while different members of the classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) pathway have opposing effects on HSV-1 infection. Here, we have investigated the role of the recently-discovered c-NHEJ component, PAXX (Paralogue of XRCC4 and XLF), which we found to be excluded from the nucleus during HSV-1 infection. We have established that cells lacking PAXX have an intact innate immune response to HSV-1 but show a defect in viral genome replication efficiency. Counterintuitively, PAXX-/- cells were able to produce greater numbers of infectious virions, indicating that PAXX acts to restrict HSV-1 infection in a manner that is different from other c-NHEJ factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Trigg
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - Katharina B Lauer
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - Paula Fernandes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Heather Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - Gabriel Balmus
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.
| | - Daniel S Mansur
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Brian J Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
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123
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Gul E, Sayar EH, Gungor B, Eroglu FK, Surucu N, Keles S, Guner SN, Findik S, Alpdundar E, Ayanoglu IC, Kayaoglu B, Geckin BN, Sanli HA, Kahraman T, Yakicier C, Muftuoglu M, Oguz B, Cagdas Ayvaz DN, Gursel I, Ozen S, Reisli I, Gursel M. Type I IFN-related NETosis in ataxia telangiectasia and Artemis deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:246-257. [PMID: 29155101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological inflammatory syndromes of unknown etiology are commonly observed in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Artemis deficiency. Similar inflammatory manifestations also exist in patients with STING-associated vasculopathy in infancy (SAVI). OBJECTIVE We sought to test the hypothesis that the inflammation-associated manifestations observed in patients with AT and Artemis deficiency stem from increased type I IFN signature leading to neutrophil-mediated pathological damage. METHODS Cytokine/protein signatures were determined by ELISA, cytometric bead array, or quantitative PCR. Stat1 phosphorylation levels were determined by flow cytometry. DNA species accumulating in the cytosol of patients' cells were quantified microscopically and flow cytometrically. Propensity of isolated polymorhonuclear granulocytes to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was determined using fluorescence microscopy and picogreen assay. Neutrophil reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial stress were assayed using fluorogenic probes, microscopy, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Type I and III IFN signatures were elevated in plasma and peripheral blood cells of patients with AT, Artemis deficiency, and SAVI. Chronic IFN production stemmed from the accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm of AT and Artemis-deficient cells. Neutrophils isolated from patients spontaneously produced NETs and displayed indicators of oxidative and mitochondrial stress, supportive of their NETotic tendencies. A similar phenomenon was also observed in neutrophils from healthy controls exposed to patient plasma samples or exogeneous IFN-α. CONCLUSIONS Type I IFN-mediated neutrophil activation and NET formation may contribute to inflammatory manifestations observed in patients with AT, Artemis deficiency, and SAVI. Thus, neutrophils represent a promising target to manage inflammatory syndromes in diseases with active type I IFN signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Gul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Hazar Sayar
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bilgi Gungor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fehime Kara Eroglu
- Thorlab, Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naz Surucu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sukru Nail Guner
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Siddika Findik
- Department of Pathology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esin Alpdundar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Cihan Ayanoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basak Kayaoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Nur Geckin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Asena Sanli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tamer Kahraman
- Thorlab, Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yakicier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Muftuoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ihsan Gursel
- Thorlab, Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Reisli
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mayda Gursel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Seelige R, Searles S, Bui JD. Innate sensing of cancer's non-immunologic hallmarks. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 50:1-8. [PMID: 29032295 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A cancer mass consists of a complex composition of cancer cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells and also immune cells, which can represent more than half of the cellularity of a solid cancer. These immune cells become activated when they sense cancer antigens and stress ligands. Innate immune cells also detect various aspects of cellular stress that characterize a growing tumor mass. These key hallmarks of cellular stress are also detected by the cancer cell itself. In this review, we highlight studies that show that the cancer cell itself could be considered an 'innate cell' that senses and reacts to non-immunologic hallmarks of cancer, including displaced nucleic acids, proteotoxic stress, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Seelige
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen Searles
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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125
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Zhang J, Cong X, Zhaoqiao J, Yang X, Li M, Chen H, Mi R, Jin G, Liu F, Huang BR. Ran binding protein 9 (RanBPM) binds IFN-λR1 in the IFN-λ signaling pathway. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1030-1039. [PMID: 28547582 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Like the type I interferons (IFNs), the recently discovered cytokine IFN-λ displays antiviral, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic activities, mediated by a heterodimeric IFN-λ receptor complex composed of a unique IFN-λR1 chain and the IL-10R2 chain. However, the molecular mechanism of the IFN-λ-regulated pathway remains unclear. In this study, we newly identified RAN-binding protein M (RanBPM) as a binding partner of IFN-λR1. The interaction between RanBPM and IFN-λR1 was identified with a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. IFN-λ1 stimulates this interaction and affects the cellular distribution of RanBPM. However, the interaction between RanBPM and IFN-λR1 does not correlate with their conserved TRAF6-binding sites. Furthermore, we also found that RanBPM is a scaffolding protein with a modulatory function that regulates the activities of IFN-stimulated response elements. Therefore, RanBPM plays a novel role in the IFN-λ-regulated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaojie Cong
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiajie Zhaoqiao
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xia Yang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hong Chen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ruifang Mi
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guishan Jin
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bing-Ren Huang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Antoniali G, Malfatti MC, Tell G. Unveiling the non-repair face of the Base Excision Repair pathway in RNA processing: A missing link between DNA repair and gene expression? DNA Repair (Amst) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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127
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Mouw KW, Goldberg MS, Konstantinopoulos PA, D'Andrea AD. DNA Damage and Repair Biomarkers of Immunotherapy Response. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:675-693. [PMID: 28630051 PMCID: PMC5659200 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA-damaging agents are widely used in clinical oncology and exploit deficiencies in tumor DNA repair. Given the expanding role of immune checkpoint blockade as a therapeutic strategy, the interaction of tumor DNA damage with the immune system has recently come into focus, and it is now clear that the tumor DNA repair landscape has an important role in driving response to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which DNA damage and genomic instability have been found to shape the antitumor immune response and describe clinical efforts to use DNA repair biomarkers to guide use of immune-directed therapies.Significance: Only a subset of patients respond to immune checkpoint blockade, and reliable predictive biomarkers of response are needed to guide therapy decisions. DNA repair deficiency is common among tumors, and emerging experimental and clinical evidence suggests that features of genomic instability are associated with response to immune-directed therapies. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 675-93. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Mouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Goldberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Panagiotis A Konstantinopoulos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Medical Gynecology Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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128
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Bracci L, Sistigu A, Proietti E, Moschella F. The added value of type I interferons to cytotoxic treatments of cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 36:89-97. [PMID: 28693974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) exert anti-proliferative, antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. They are also involved in cell differentiation and anti-tumor defense processes. A growing body of literature indicates that the success of conventional chemotherapeutics, epigenetic drugs, targeted anticancer agents and radiotherapy (RT) relies, at least in part, on the induction of type I IFN signaling in malignant cells, tumor-infiltrating antigen presenting cells or other immune cells within lymphoid organs or blood. The mechanisms underlying type I IFN induction and the clinical consequences of these observations are only beginning to be elucidated. In the present manuscript, we reviewed the recent advances in the field and provided our personal view on the role of type I IFNs induced in the context of cytotoxic anticancer treatments and on its possible exploitation as a complement in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bracci
- Unit of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of General Pathology and Physiopathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Unit of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Moschella
- Unit of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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129
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Topoisomerase II Inhibitors Induce DNA Damage-Dependent Interferon Responses Circumventing Ebola Virus Immune Evasion. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00368-17. [PMID: 28377530 PMCID: PMC5380843 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00368-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) protein VP35 inhibits production of interferon alpha/beta (IFN) by blocking RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways, thereby promoting virus replication and pathogenesis. A high-throughput screening assay, developed to identify compounds that either inhibit or bypass VP35 IFN-antagonist function, identified five DNA intercalators as reproducible hits from a library of bioactive compounds. Four, including doxorubicin and daunorubicin, are anthracycline antibiotics that inhibit topoisomerase II and are used clinically as chemotherapeutic drugs. These compounds were demonstrated to induce IFN responses in an ATM kinase-dependent manner and to also trigger the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway of IFN induction. These compounds also suppress EBOV replication in vitro and induce IFN in the presence of IFN-antagonist proteins from multiple negative-sense RNA viruses. These findings provide new insights into signaling pathways activated by important chemotherapy drugs and identify a novel therapeutic approach for IFN induction that may be exploited to inhibit RNA virus replication. Ebola virus and other emerging RNA viruses are significant but unpredictable public health threats. Therapeutic approaches with broad-spectrum activity could provide an attractive response to such infections. We describe a novel assay that can identify small molecules that overcome Ebola virus-encoded innate immune evasion mechanisms. This assay identified as hits cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, including doxorubicin. Follow-up studies provide new insight into how doxorubicin induces interferon (IFN) responses, revealing activation of both the DNA damage response kinase ATM and the DNA sensor cGAS and its partner signaling protein STING. The studies further demonstrate that the ATM and cGAS-STING pathways of IFN induction are a point of vulnerability not only for Ebola virus but for other RNA viruses as well, because viral innate immune antagonists consistently fail to block these signals. These studies thereby define a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention against emerging RNA viruses.
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130
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Toro-Domínguez D, Carmona-Sáez P, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Support for phosphoinositol 3 kinase and mTOR inhibitors as treatment for lupus using in-silico drug-repurposing analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:54. [PMID: 28284231 PMCID: PMC5346251 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with few treatment options. Current therapies are not fully effective and show highly variable responses. In this regard, large efforts have focused on developing more effective therapeutic strategies. Drug repurposing based on the comparison of gene expression signatures is an effective technique for the identification of new therapeutic approaches. Here we present a drug-repurposing exploratory analysis using gene expression signatures from SLE patients to discover potential new drug candidates and target genes. Methods We collected a compendium of gene expression signatures comprising peripheral blood cells and different separate blood cell types from SLE patients. The Lincscloud database was mined to link SLE signatures with drugs, gene knock-down, and knock-in expression signatures. The derived dataset was analyzed in order to identify compounds, genes, and pathways that were significantly correlated with SLE gene expression signatures. Results We obtained a list of drugs that showed an inverse correlation with SLE gene expression signatures as well as a set of potential target genes and their associated biological pathways. The list includes drugs never or little studied in the context of SLE treatment, as well as recently studied compounds. Conclusion Our exploratory analysis provides evidence that phosphoinositol 3 kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors could be potential therapeutic options in SLE worth further future testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1263-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Toro-Domínguez
- Area of Medical Genomics, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain.,Bioinformatics Unit, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre of Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Carmona-Sáez
- Area of Medical Genomics, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain. .,Bioinformatics Unit, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre of Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Area of Medical Genomics, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avda. de la Ilustración 114, PTS-18016, Granada, Spain. .,Unit of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
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131
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Stav-Noraas TE, Edelmann RJ, Poulsen LLC, Sundnes O, Phung D, Küchler AM, Müller F, Kamen AA, Haraldsen G, Kaarbø M, Hol J. Endothelial IL-33 Expression Is Augmented by Adenoviral Activation of the DNA Damage Machinery. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3318-3325. [PMID: 28258201 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
IL-33, required for viral clearance by cytotoxic T cells, is generally expressed in vascular endothelial cells in healthy human tissues. We discovered that endothelial IL-33 expression was stimulated as a response to adenoviral transduction. This response was dependent on MRE11, a sensor of DNA damage that can also be activated by adenoviral DNA, and on IRF1, a transcriptional regulator of cellular responses to viral invasion and DNA damage. Accordingly, we observed that endothelial cells responded to adenoviral DNA by phosphorylation of ATM and CHK2 and that depletion or inhibition of MRE11, but not depletion of ATM, abrogated IL-33 stimulation. In conclusion, we show that adenoviral transduction stimulates IL-33 expression in endothelial cells in a manner that is dependent on the DNA-binding protein MRE11 and the antiviral factor IRF1 but not on downstream DNA damage response signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Espen Stav-Noraas
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidunn J Edelmann
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars La Cour Poulsen
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Sundnes
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Danh Phung
- Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Axel M Küchler
- Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Amine A Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A OC3, Canada
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; .,Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Johanna Hol
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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132
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Parkes EE, Walker SM, Taggart LE, McCabe N, Knight LA, Wilkinson R, McCloskey KD, Buckley NE, Savage KI, Salto-Tellez M, McQuaid S, Harte MT, Mullan PB, Harkin DP, Kennedy RD. Activation of STING-Dependent Innate Immune Signaling By S-Phase-Specific DNA Damage in Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 109:2905926. [PMID: 27707838 PMCID: PMC5441301 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously we identified a DNA damage response-deficient (DDRD) molecular subtype within breast cancer. A 44-gene assay identifying this subtype was validated as predicting benefit from DNA-damaging chemotherapy. This subtype was defined by interferon signaling. In this study, we address the mechanism of this immune response and its possible clinical significance. Methods We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to characterize immune infiltration in 184 breast cancer samples, of which 65 were within the DDRD subtype. Isogenic cell lines, which represent DDRD-positive and -negative, were used to study the effects of chemokine release on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) migration and the mechanism of immune signaling activation. Finally, we studied the association between the DDRD subtype and expression of the immune-checkpoint protein PD-L1 as detected by IHC. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results We found that DDRD breast tumors were associated with CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration (Fisher's exact test P < .001) and that DDRD cells expressed the chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5 3.5- to 11.9-fold more than DNA damage response-proficient cells (P < .01). Conditioned medium from DDRD cells statistically significantly attracted PBMCs when compared with medium from DNA damage response-proficient cells (P < .05), and this was dependent on CXCL10 and CCL5. DDRD cells demonstrated increased cytosolic DNA and constitutive activation of the viral response cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway. Importantly, this pathway was activated in a cell cycle-specific manner. Finally, we demonstrated that S-phase DNA damage activated expression of PD-L1 in a STING-dependent manner. Conclusions We propose a novel mechanism of immune infiltration in DDRD tumors, independent of neoantigen production. Activation of this pathway and associated PD-L1 expression may explain the paradoxical lack of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity observed in DDRD tumors. We provide a rationale for exploration of DDRD in the stratification of patients for immune checkpoint-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen E Parkes
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Steven M Walker
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Laura E Taggart
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Nuala McCabe
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Laura A Knight
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Richard Wilkinson
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Karen D McCloskey
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Niamh E Buckley
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Kienan I Savage
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Mary T Harte
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Paul B Mullan
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - D Paul Harkin
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Affiliations of authors: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (EEP, SMW, LET, NM, RW, KDM, NEB, KIS, MST, SM, MTH, PBM, DPH, RDK) and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory (MST, SM), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland (SMW, LET, NM, LH, DPH, RDK)
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Stratigi K, Chatzidoukaki O, Garinis GA. DNA damage-induced inflammation and nuclear architecture. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 165:17-26. [PMID: 27702596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear architecture and the chromatin state affect most-if not all- DNA-dependent transactions, including the ability of cells to sense DNA lesions and restore damaged DNA back to its native form. Recent evidence points to functional links between DNA damage sensors, DNA repair mechanisms and the innate immune responses. The latter raises the question of how such seemingly disparate processes operate within the intrinsically complex nuclear landscape and the chromatin environment. Here, we discuss how DNA damage-induced immune responses operate within chromatin and the distinct sub-nuclear compartments highlighting their relevance to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Stratigi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ourania Chatzidoukaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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134
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Nguyen B, Farkouh G, Raquin S, Benihoud K. [Cell response to adenovirus 5: going beyond the conventional DNA damage response]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:830-832. [PMID: 27758744 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Nguyen
- M1 Biologie Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Georges Farkouh
- M1 Biologie Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Séverine Raquin
- M1 Biologie Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Karim Benihoud
- Vectorologie et thérapeutiques anticancéreuses, UMR 8203 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
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135
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Nakad R, Schumacher B. DNA Damage Response and Immune Defense: Links and Mechanisms. Front Genet 2016; 7:147. [PMID: 27555866 PMCID: PMC4977279 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage plays a causal role in numerous human pathologies including cancer, premature aging, and chronic inflammatory conditions. In response to genotoxic insults, the DNA damage response (DDR) orchestrates DNA damage checkpoint activation and facilitates the removal of DNA lesions. The DDR can also arouse the immune system by for example inducing the expression of antimicrobial peptides as well as ligands for receptors found on immune cells. The activation of immune signaling is triggered by different components of the DDR including DNA damage sensors, transducer kinases, and effectors. In this review, we describe recent advances on the understanding of the role of DDR in activating immune signaling. We highlight evidence gained into (i) which molecular and cellular pathways of DDR activate immune signaling, (ii) how DNA damage drives chronic inflammation, and (iii) how chronic inflammation causes DNA damage and pathology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nakad
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of CologneCologne, Germany
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136
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Upregulated LINE-1 Activity in the Fanconi Anemia Cancer Susceptibility Syndrome Leads to Spontaneous Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:184-194. [PMID: 27428429 PMCID: PMC4919473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated cancer susceptibility and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Using SLX4FANCP deficiency as a working model, we questioned the trigger for chronic inflammation in FA. We found that absence of SLX4 caused cytoplasmic DNA accumulation, including sequences deriving from active Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1), triggering the cGAS-STING pathway to elicit interferon (IFN) expression. In agreement, absence of SLX4 leads to upregulated LINE-1 retrotransposition. Importantly, similar results were obtained with the FANCD2 upstream activator of SLX4. Furthermore, treatment of FA cells with the Tenofovir reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTi), that prevents endogenous retrotransposition, decreased both accumulation of cytoplasmic DNA and pro-inflammatory signaling. Collectively, our data suggest a contribution of endogenous RT activities to the generation of immunogenic cytoplasmic nucleic acids responsible for inflammation in FA. The additional observation that RTi decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production induced by DNA replication stress-inducing drugs further demonstrates the contribution of endogenous RTs to sustaining chronic inflammation. Altogether, our data open perspectives in the prevention of adverse effects of chronic inflammation in tumorigenesis. Cytoplasmic DNA, comprising LINE-1-derived sequences, elicits IFN expression via the cGAS-STING pathway in SLX4-deficiency. Members of the Fanconi Anemia DNA repair pathway negatively regulate LINE-1 retrotransposition. Endogenous reverse transcriptase activities contribute to spontaneous and chemotherapy-induced inflammation.
Chronic inflammation favors tumorigenesis, negatively influencing patient prognosis. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that increased endogenous retroelement-associated reverse transcriptase activity contributes to generate immunogenic cytoplasmic nucleic acids susceptible of triggering a pro-inflammatory response in the Fanconi Anemia (FA) cancer susceptibility syndrome. In addition, treatment of FA cells or of cells exposed to replication stress inducing drugs, with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, decreases pro-inflammatory signals. Altogether our data suggest the involvement of endogenous reverse transcriptase activities in sustaining pervasive chronic inflammation, opening therapeutic perspectives for preventing its impact on tumorigenesis.
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137
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Pereira-Lopes et al demonstrate that a defect in a DNA damage response (DDR) component alters homeostasis of macrophages and their inflammatory responses.
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Yang J, Diaz N, Adelsberger J, Zhou X, Stevens R, Rupert A, Metcalf JA, Baseler M, Barbon C, Imamichi T, Lempicki R, Cosentino LM. The effects of storage temperature on PBMC gene expression. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:6. [PMID: 26979060 PMCID: PMC4791795 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a common and essential practice in conducting research. There are different reports in the literature as to whether cryopreserved PBMCs need to only be stored ≤ -150 °C or can be stored for a specified time at -80 °C. Therefore, we performed gene expression analysis on cryopreserved PBMCs stored at both temperatures for 14 months and PBMCs that underwent temperature cycling 104 times between these 2 storage temperatures. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to confirm the involvement of specific genes associated with identified cellular pathways. All cryopreserved/stored samples were compared to freshly isolated PBMCs and between storage conditions. RESULTS We identified a total of 1,367 genes whose expression after 14 months of storage was affected >3 fold in PBMCs following isolation, cryopreservation and thawing as compared to freshly isolated PBMC aliquots that did not undergo cryopreservation. Sixty-six of these genes were shared among two or more major stress-related cellular pathways (stress responses, immune activation and cell death). Thirteen genes involved in these pathways were tested by real-time RT-PCR and the results agreed with the corresponding microarray data. There was no significant change on the gene expression if the PBMCs experienced brief but repetitive temperature cycling as compared to those that were constantly kept ≤ -150 °C. However, there were 18 genes identified to be different when PBMCs were stored at -80 °C but did not change when stored < -150 °C. A correlation was also found between the expressions of 2'-5'- oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS2), a known interferon stimulated gene (IFSG), and poor PBMC recovery post-thaw. PBMC recovery and viability were better when the cells were stored ≤ -150 °C as compared to -80 °C. CONCLUSIONS Not only is the viability and recovery of PBMCs affected during cryopreservation but also their gene expression pattern, as compared to freshly isolated PBMCs. Different storage temperature of PBMCs can activate or suppress different genes, but the cycling between -80 °C and -150 °C did not produce significant alterations in gene expression when compared to PBMCs stored ≤ -150 °C. Further analysis by gene expression of various PBMC processing and cryopreservation procedures is currently underway, as is identifying possible molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- />Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Norma Diaz
- />Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | | | - Xueyuan Zhou
- />Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Randy Stevens
- />Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Adam Rupert
- />Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Julia A. Metcalf
- />Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Mike Baseler
- />Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702 USA
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139
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Legrier ME, Bièche I, Gaston J, Beurdeley A, Yvonnet V, Déas O, Thuleau A, Château-Joubert S, Servely JL, Vacher S, Lassalle M, Depil S, Tucker GC, Fontaine JJ, Poupon MF, Roman-Roman S, Judde JG, Decaudin D, Cairo S, Marangoni E. Activation of IFN/STAT1 signalling predicts response to chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 114:177-87. [PMID: 26695443 PMCID: PMC4815803 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oestrogen receptor-negative (ER−) breast cancer is intrinsically sensitive to chemotherapy. However, tumour response is often incomplete, and relapse occurs with high frequency. The aim of this work was to analyse the molecular characteristics of residual tumours and early response to chemotherapy in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of breast cancer. Methods: Gene and protein expression profiles were analysed in a panel of ER− breast cancer PDXs before and after chemotherapy treatment. Tumour and stromal interferon-gamma expression was measured in xenografts lysates by human and mouse cytokine arrays, respectively. Results: The analysis of residual tumour cells in chemo-responder PDX revealed a strong overexpression of IFN-inducible genes, induced early after AC treatment and associated with increased STAT1 phosphorylation, DNA-damage and apoptosis. No increase in IFN-inducible gene expression was observed in chemo-resistant PDXs upon chemotherapy. Overexpression of IFN-related genes was associated with human IFN-γ secretion by tumour cells. Conclusions: Treatment-induced activation of the IFN/STAT1 pathway in tumour cells is associated with chemotherapy response in ER− breast cancer. Further validations in prospective clinical trials will aim to evaluate the usefulness of this signature to assist therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Genetics Department, Hospital, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julie Gaston
- XenTech, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Déas
- XenTech, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
| | - Aurélie Thuleau
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Servely
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort 94704, France.,INRA, Phase Department, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Genetics Department, Hospital, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Stéphane Depil
- Institut de Recherches Servier, PIT Oncology, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France
| | - Gordon C Tucker
- Institut de Recherches Servier, PIT Oncology, Croissy-sur-Seine 78290, France
| | | | | | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Didier Decaudin
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
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140
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Shah GA, O'Shea CC. Viral and Cellular Genomes Activate Distinct DNA Damage Responses. Cell 2015; 162:987-1002. [PMID: 26317467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In response to cellular genome breaks, MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) activates a global ATM DNA damage response (DDR) that prevents cellular replication. Here, we show that MRN-ATM also has critical functions in defending the cell against DNA viruses. We reveal temporally distinct responses to adenovirus genomes: a critical MRN-ATM DDR that must be inactivated by E1B-55K/E4-ORF3 viral oncoproteins and a global MRN-independent ATM DDR to viral nuclear domains that does not impact viral replication. We show that MRN binds to adenovirus genomes and activates a localized ATM response that specifically prevents viral DNA replication. In contrast to chromosomal breaks, ATM activation is not amplified by H2AX across megabases of chromatin to induce global signaling and replicative arrest. Thus, γH2AX foci discriminate "self" and "non-self" genomes and determine whether a localized anti-viral or global ATM response is appropriate. This provides an elegant mechanism to neutralize viral genomes without jeopardizing cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind A Shah
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Clodagh C O'Shea
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.
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141
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Feng S, Cao Z. Is the role of human RNase H2 restricted to its enzyme activity? PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 121:66-73. [PMID: 26603688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In human cells, ribonuclease (RNase) H2 complex is the predominant source of RNase H activities with possible roles in nucleic acid metabolism to preserve genome stability and to prevent immune activation. Dysfunction mutations in any of the three subunits of human RNase H2 complex can result in embryonic/perinatal lethality or cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). Most recently, increasing findings have shown that human RNase H2 proteins play roles beyond the RNase H2 enzymatic activities in health and disease. Firstly, the biochemical and structural properties of human RNase H2 proteins allow their interactions with various partner proteins that may support functions other than RNase H2 enzymatic activities. Secondly, the disparities of clinical presentations of AGS with different AGS-mutations and the biochemical and structural analysis of AGS-mutations, especially the results from both AGS-knockin and RNase H2-null mouse models, suggest that human RNase H2 complex has certain cellular functions beyond the RNase H2 enzymatic activities to prevent the innate-immune-mediated inflammation. Thirdly, the subunit proteins RNASEH2A and RNASEH2B respectively, not related to the RNase H2 enzymatic activities, have been shown to play a certain role in the pathophysiological processes of different cancer types. In this minireview, we aims to provide a brief overview of the most recent investigations into the biological functions of human RNase H2 proteins and the underlying mechanisms of their actions, emphasizing on the new insights into the roles of human RNase H2 proteins playing beyond the RNase H2 enzymatic activities in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Feng
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Zhaohui Cao
- The School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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142
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Functions of DNA damage machinery in the innate immune response to DNA virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 15:56-62. [PMID: 26318640 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA is potently immunostimulatory, and self-DNA is packaged in the nucleus or mitochondria allowing it to remain silent to cell-intrinsic sensors. However, damaged or mislocalised self-DNA is sensed by our innate immune systems, resulting in the production of type I interferons (IFNI), chemokines and inflammatory cytokines. During DNA virus infection the detection of viral DNA genomes by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for the initiation of IFNI responses and host defence against these pathogens. It is intriguing that a number of molecular mechanisms have been found to be common to both of these DNA-induced stress responses and this has potentially important consequences for both sides of the host/pathogen arms race.
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143
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The DNA damage response and immune signaling alliance: Is it good or bad? Nature decides when and where. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 154:36-56. [PMID: 26145166 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic feature of healthy living organisms is the preservation of homeostasis. Compelling evidence highlight that the DNA damage response and repair (DDR/R) and immune response (ImmR) signaling networks work together favoring the harmonized function of (multi)cellular organisms. DNA and RNA viruses activate the DDR/R machinery in the host cells both directly and indirectly. Activation of DDR/R in turn favors the immunogenicity of the incipient cell. Hence, stimulation of DDR/R by exogenous or endogenous insults triggers innate and adaptive ImmR. The immunogenic properties of ionizing radiation, a prototypic DDR/R inducer, serve as suitable examples of how DDR/R stimulation alerts host immunity. Thus, critical cellular danger signals stimulate defense at the systemic level and vice versa. Disruption of DDR/R-ImmR cross talk compromises (multi)cellular integrity, leading to cell-cycle-related and immune defects. The emerging DDR/R-ImmR concept opens up a new avenue of therapeutic options, recalling the Hippocrates quote "everything in excess is opposed by nature."
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144
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Liefke R, Windhof-Jaidhauser IM, Gaedcke J, Salinas-Riester G, Wu F, Ghadimi M, Dango S. The oxidative demethylase ALKBH3 marks hyperactive gene promoters in human cancer cells. Genome Med 2015. [PMID: 26221185 PMCID: PMC4517488 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-015-0180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The oxidative DNA demethylase ALKBH3 targets single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in order to perform DNA alkylation damage repair. ALKBH3 becomes upregulated during tumorigenesis and is necessary for proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be understood. Methods To further elucidate the function of ALKBH3 in cancer, we performed ChIP-seq to investigate the genomic binding pattern of endogenous ALKBH3 in PC3 prostate cancer cells coupled with microarray experiments to examine the expression effects of ALKBH3 depletion. Results We demonstrate that ALKBH3 binds to transcription associated locations, such as places of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II and enhancers. Strikingly, ALKBH3 strongly binds to the transcription initiation sites of a small number of highly active gene promoters. These promoters are characterized by high levels of transcriptional regulators, including transcription factors, the Mediator complex, cohesin, histone modifiers, and active histone marks. Gene expression analysis showed that ALKBH3 does not directly influence the transcription of its target genes, but its depletion induces an upregulation of ALKBH3 non-bound inflammatory genes. Conclusions The genomic binding pattern of ALKBH3 revealed a putative novel hyperactive promoter type. Further, we propose that ALKBH3 is an intrinsic DNA repair protein that suppresses transcription associated DNA damage at highly expressed genes and thereby plays a role to maintain genomic integrity in ALKBH3-overexpressing cancer cells. These results raise the possibility that ALKBH3 may be a potential target for inhibiting cancer progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-015-0180-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Liefke
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Program in Epigenetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | | | - Jochen Gaedcke
- University Medical Center, Department of General-, and Visceral Surgery, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Feizhen Wu
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- University Medical Center, Department of General-, and Visceral Surgery, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dango
- University Medical Center, Department of General-, and Visceral Surgery, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany ; Division of Newborn Medicine and Program in Epigenetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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145
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Ahn DG, Sharif T, Chisholm K, Pinto DM, Gujar SA, Lee PWK. Ras transformation results in cleavage of reticulon protein Nogo-B that is associated with impairment of IFN response. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2301-10. [PMID: 25946643 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of Ras signaling is the major cause of various cancers. Aberrant Ras signaling, however, provides a favorable environment for many viruses, making them suitable candidates as cancer-killing therapeutic agents. Susceptibility of cancer cells to such viruses is mainly due to impaired type I interferon (IFN) response, often as a result of activated Ras/ERK signaling in these cells. In this study, we searched for cellular factors modulated by Ras signaling and their potential involvement in promoting viral oncolysis. We found that upon Ras transformation of NIH-3T3 cells, the N-terminus of Nogo-B (reticulon 4) was proteolytically cleaved. Interestingly, Nogo knockdown (KD) in non-transformed and Ras-transformed cells both enhanced virus-induced IFN response, suggesting that both cleaved and uncleaved Nogo can suppress IFN response. However, pharmacological blockade of Nogo cleavage in Ras-transformed cells significantly enhanced virus-induced IFN response, suggesting that cleaved Nogo contributes to enhanced IFN suppression in these cells. We further showed that IFN suppression associated with Ras-induced Nogo-B cleavage was distinct from but synergistic with that associated with an activated Ras/ERK pathway. Our study therefore reveals an important and novel role of Nogo-B and its cleavage in the suppression of anti-viral immune responses by oncogenic Ras transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Gyun Ahn
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology ; Dalhousie University ; Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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146
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Yu Q, Katlinskaya YV, Carbone CJ, Zhao B, Katlinski KV, Zheng H, Guha M, Li N, Chen Q, Yang T, Lengner CJ, Greenberg RA, Johnson FB, Fuchs SY. DNA-damage-induced type I interferon promotes senescence and inhibits stem cell function. Cell Rep 2015; 11:785-797. [PMID: 25921537 PMCID: PMC4426031 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of type I interferons (IFNs) can be induced by DNA-damaging agents, but the mechanisms and significance of this regulation are not completely understood. We found that the transcription factor IRF3, activated in an ATM-IKKα/β-dependent manner, stimulates cell-autonomous IFN-β expression in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Cells and tissues with accumulating DNA damage produce endogenous IFN-β and stimulate IFN signaling in vitro and in vivo. In turn, IFN acts to amplify DNA-damage responses, activate the p53 pathway, promote senescence, and inhibit stem cell function in response to telomere shortening. Inactivation of the IFN pathway abrogates the development of diverse progeric phenotypes and extends the lifespan of Terc knockout mice. These data identify DNA-damage-response-induced IFN signaling as a critical mechanism that links accumulating DNA damage with senescence and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Yu
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuliya V. Katlinskaya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J. Carbone
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kanstantsin V. Katlinski
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manti Guha
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qijun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lengner
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roger A. Greenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - F. Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Serge Y. Fuchs
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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147
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Nakahara T, Tanaka K, Ohno SI, Egawa N, Yugawa T, Kiyono T. Activation of NF-κB by human papillomavirus 16 E1 limits E1-dependent viral replication through degradation of E1. J Virol 2015; 89:5040-59. [PMID: 25717108 PMCID: PMC4403482 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00389-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED NF-κB is a family of transcription factors that regulate gene expression involved in many processes, such as the inflammatory response and cancer progression. Little is known about associations of NF-κB with the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle. We have developed a tissue culture system to conditionally induce E1-dependent replication of the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) genome in human cervical keratinocytes and found that expression of HPV16 E1, a viral helicase, results in reduction of IκBα and subsequent activation of NF-κB in a manner dependent on helicase activity. Exogenous expression of a degradation-resistant mutant of IκBα, which inhibits the activation of NF-κB, enhanced E1-dependent replication of the viral genome. Wortmannin, a broad inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), and, to a lesser extent, VE-822, an ATR kinase inhibitor, but not KU55933, an ATM kinase inhibitor, suppressed the activation of NF-κB and augmented E1-dependent replication of the HPV16 genome. Interestingly, the enhancement of E1-dependent replication of the viral genome was associated with increased stability of E1 in the presence of wortmannin as well as the IκBα mutant. Collectively, we propose that expression of E1 induces NF-κB activation at least in part through the ATR-dependent DNA damage response and that NF-κB in turn limits E1-dependent replication of HPV16 through degradation of E1, so that E1 and NF-κB may constitute a negative feedback loop. IMPORTANCE A major risk factor in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers is persistent infection with high-risk HPVs. To eradicate viruses from infected tissue, it is important to understand molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of persistent infection. In this study, we obtained evidence that human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E1, a viral DNA helicase essential for amplification of the viral genomes, induces NF-κB activation and that this limits E1-dependent genome replication of HPV16. These results suggest that NF-κB mediates a negative feedback loop to regulate HPV replication and that this feedback loop could be associated with control of the viral copy numbers. We could thus show for the first time that NF-κB activity is involved in the establishment and maintenance of persistent HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nakahara
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ohno
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagayasu Egawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yugawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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148
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Shen YJ, Le Bert N, Chitre AA, Koo CX, Nga XH, Ho SSW, Khatoo M, Tan NY, Ishii KJ, Gasser S. Genome-derived cytosolic DNA mediates type I interferon-dependent rejection of B cell lymphoma cells. Cell Rep 2015; 11:460-73. [PMID: 25865892 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) induces the expression of type I interferons (IFNs), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show the presence of cytosolic DNA in different mouse and human tumor cells. Treatment of cells with genotoxic agents increased the levels of cytosolic DNA in a DDR-dependent manner. Cloning of cytosolic DNA molecules from mouse lymphoma cells suggests that cytosolic DNA is derived from unique genomic loci and has the potential to form non-B DNA structures, including R-loops. Overexpression of Rnaseh1, which resolves R-loops, reduced the levels of cytosolic DNA, type I Ifn transcripts, and type I IFN-dependent rejection of lymphoma cells. Live-cell imaging showed a dynamic contact of cytosolic DNA with mitochondria, an important organelle for innate immune recognition of cytosolic nucleotides. In summary, we found that cytosolic DNA is present in many tumor cells and contributes to the immunogenicity of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu J Shen
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Anuja A Chitre
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Christine Xing'Er Koo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Xing H Nga
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Samantha S W Ho
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Muznah Khatoo
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Nikki Y Tan
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFREC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Stephan Gasser
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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149
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Hernández L, Terradas M, Camps J, Martín M, Tusell L, Genescà A. Aging and radiation: bad companions. Aging Cell 2015; 14:153-61. [PMID: 25645467 PMCID: PMC4364827 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging involves a deterioration of cell functions and changes that may predispose the cell to undergo an oncogenic transformation. The carcinogenic risks following radiation exposure rise with age among adults. Increasing inflammatory response, loss of oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium, ongoing telomere attrition, decline in the DNA damage response efficiency, and deleterious nuclear organization are age-related cellular changes that trigger a serious threat to genomic integrity. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic interplay between all these factors, providing an integrated view of how they contribute to the observed age-related increase in radiation sensitivity. As life expectancy increases and so it does the medical intervention, it is important to highlight the benefits of radiation protection in the elderly. Thus, a deep understanding of the mechanistic processes confining the threat of aging-related radiosensitivity is currently of foremost relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariona Terradas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Group, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Martín
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Tusell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Genescà
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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150
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Yu Q, Carbone CJ, Katlinskaya YV, Zheng H, Zheng K, Luo M, Wang PJ, Greenberg RA, Fuchs SY. Type I interferon controls propagation of long interspersed element-1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10191-9. [PMID: 25716322 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) including IFNα and IFNβ are critical for the cellular defense against viruses. Here we report that increased levels of IFNβ were found in testes from mice deficient in MOV10L1, a germ cell-specific RNA helicase that plays a key role in limiting the propagation of retrotransposons including Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1). Additional experiments revealed that activation of LINE-1 retrotransposons increases the expression of IFNβ and of IFN-stimulated genes. Conversely, pretreatment of cells with IFN suppressed the replication of LINE-1. Furthermore, the efficacy of LINE-1 replication was increased in isogenic cell lines harboring inactivating mutations in diverse elements of the IFN signaling pathway. Knockdown of the IFN receptor chain IFNAR1 also stimulated LINE-1 propagation in vitro. Finally, a greater accumulation of LINE-1 was found in mice that lack IFNAR1 compared with wild type mice. We propose that LINE-1-induced IFN plays an important role in restricting LINE-1 propagation and discuss the putative role of IFN in preserving the genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Yu
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | | | | | - Hui Zheng
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | - Ke Zheng
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
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