101
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Seal JT, Atkinson SJ, Aylott H, Bamborough P, Chung CW, Copley RCB, Gordon L, Grandi P, Gray JRJ, Harrison LA, Hayhow TG, Lindon M, Messenger C, Michon AM, Mitchell D, Preston A, Prinjha RK, Rioja I, Taylor S, Wall ID, Watson RJ, Woolven JM, Demont EH. The Optimization of a Novel, Weak Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Bromodomain Fragment Ligand to a Potent and Selective Second Bromodomain (BD2) Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9093-9126. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Grandi
- IVIVT Cellzome, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne-Marie Michon
- IVIVT Cellzome, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Taylor
- IVIVT Cellzome, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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102
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Zhang Y, Cheng K, Xu B, Shi J, Qiang J, Shi S, Yi Y, Li H, Jin T, Guo R, Wu Y, Liu Z, Wei X, Huang JA, Yang XH. Epigenetic Input Dictates the Threshold of Targeting of the Integrin-Dependent Pathway in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:652. [PMID: 32793596 PMCID: PMC7387701 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting integrin/FAK-dependent signaling, an adhesion receptor-mediated pathway that has been increasingly linked to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) malignancy. Our analysis of the TCGA cohort showed that a subset of pro-tumorigenic integrins, including α1β1, α2β1, α3β1, α5β1, and α6β4, were frequently amplified or upregulated at the genomic or mRNA level in KRAS or EGFR mutation/overexpression-enriched adenocarcinomas. These alterations appeared complementary, correlated with poor patient survival (p < 0.0072), and were collaborative with KRAS mutation-coupled αv integrins (p < 0.00159). Since integrin/FAK-dependent signaling is tightly coupled with normal human physiology, we sought to use a synthetic lethal-type targeting comprising of VS-6063, a chemical inhibitor of integrin-mediated FAK activity, and A549 cells, which carry a KRAS mutation and EGFR overexpression. Our screening analysis revealed that JQ1 and IBET-762, inhibitors of epigenetic reader BRD4, and LBH589, a pan inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), exhibited synergy with VS-6063 in mitigating tumor cell viability. This epigenetic link was corroborated by strong effects of additional inhibitors and RNAi-mediated knockdown of FAK and BRD4 or its downstream effector, c-Myc. Low doses of JQ1 (≤0.5 μM) markedly escalated efficacy of VS-6063 across a panel of 10 NSCLC cell lines. This catalyst-like effect is in line with the oncogenic landscape in the TCGA cohort since c-Myc falls downstream of the KRAS and EGFR oncogenes. Mechanistically, co-inhibiting the integrin-FAK and BRD4/c-Myc axes synergistically induced apoptotic cell death and DNA damage response, and impaired stemness-associated tumorsphere formation. These effects were accompanied by a marked inhibition of Akt- and p130Cas/Src-dependent signaling, but not Erk1/2 activity. Meanwhile, JQ1 alone or in combination with VS-6063 attenuated cell-cell adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM)-dependent cell spreading, which is reminiscent of phenotype induced by malfunctional E-cadherin or integrins. Paradoxically, this phenotypic impact coincided with downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducting transcription factor ZEB1 or Snail. Finally, we showed that the effect of the VS-6063/JQ1 combination was nearly equivalent to that of VS-6063 plus Carboplatin or Osimertinib. Overall, our study indicates that the integrin/FAK and BRD4/c-Myc axes cooperatively drive NSCLC virulence, and a co-targeting may provide a line of therapy capable of overcoming EGFR/KRAS-driven malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China.,Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shujin Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanqin Yi
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China.,Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ruihua Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuwei H Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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103
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Preston A, Atkinson S, Bamborough P, Chung CW, Craggs PD, Gordon L, Grandi P, Gray JRJ, Jones EJ, Lindon M, Michon AM, Mitchell DJ, Prinjha RK, Rianjongdee F, Rioja I, Seal J, Taylor S, Wall I, Watson RJ, Woolven J, Demont EH. Design and Synthesis of a Highly Selective and In Vivo-Capable Inhibitor of the Second Bromodomain of the Bromodomain and Extra Terminal Domain Family of Proteins. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9070-9092. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Preston
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Stephen Atkinson
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Bamborough
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter D. Craggs
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laurie Gordon
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paola Grandi
- IVIVT Cellzome, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James R. J. Gray
- Quantitative Pharmacology, Immunoinflammation Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emma J. Jones
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Matthew Lindon
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Anne-Marie Michon
- IVIVT Cellzome, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darren J. Mitchell
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Francesco Rianjongdee
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jonathan Seal
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Simon Taylor
- Quantitative Pharmacology, Immunoinflammation Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian Wall
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Robert J. Watson
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - James Woolven
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emmanuel H Demont
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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104
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Vann KR, Pal D, Morales GA, Burgoyne AM, Durden DL, Kutateladze TG. Design of thienopyranone-based BET inhibitors that bind multiple synthetic lethality targets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12027. [PMID: 32694708 PMCID: PMC7374098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of small molecule compounds that target several cancer drivers has shown great therapeutic potential. Here, we developed a new generation of highly potent thienopyranone (TP)-based inhibitors for the BET bromodomains (BDs) of the transcriptional regulator BRD4 that have the ability to simultaneously bind to phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and/or cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6). Analysis of the crystal structures of the complexes, NMR titration experiments and IC50 measurements reveal the molecular basis underlying the inhibitory effects and selectivity of these compounds toward BDs of BRD4. The inhibitors show robust cytotoxic effects in multiple cancer cell lines and induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. We further demonstrate that concurrent disruption of the acetyllysine binding function of BRD4 and the kinase activities of PI3K and CDK4/6 by the TP inhibitor improves efficacy in several cancer models. Together, these findings provide further compelling evidence that these multi-action inhibitors are efficacious and more potent than single inhibitory chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra R Vann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dhananjaya Pal
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam M Burgoyne
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Donald L Durden
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- SignalRx Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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105
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Epigenetic Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071061. [PMID: 32708698 PMCID: PMC7407667 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated to be highly efficient in treating solid tumors; however, many patients have limited benefits in terms of response and survival. This rapidly led to the investigation of combination therapies to enhance response rates. Moreover, predictive biomarkers were assessed to better select patients. Although PD-L1 expression remains the only validated marker in clinics, molecular profiling has brought valuable information, showing that the tumor mutation load and microsatellite instability (MSI) status were associated to higher response rates in nearly all cancer types. Moreover, in lung cancer, EGFR and MET mutations, oncogene fusions or STK11 inactivating mutations were associated with low response rates. Cancer progression towards invasive phenotypes that impede immune surveillance relies on complex regulatory networks and cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Epigenetic modifications, such as the alteration of histone patterns, chromatin structure, DNA methylation status at specific promoters and changes in microRNA levels, may alter the cell phenotype and reshape the tumor microenvironment, allowing cells to grow and escape from immune surveillance. The objective of this review is to make an update on the identified epigenetic changes that target immune surveillance and, ultimately, ICI responses, such as histone marks, DNA methylation and miR signatures. Translational studies or clinical trials, when available, and potential epigenetic biomarkers will be discussed as perspectives in the context of combination treatment strategies to enhance ICI responses in patients with solid tumors.
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106
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Remke N, Bisht S, Oberbeck S, Nolting J, Brossart P. Selective BET-bromodomain inhibition by JQ1 suppresses dendritic cell maturation and antigen-specific T-cell responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:107-121. [PMID: 32651619 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors represent potential therapeutic approaches in solid and hematological malignancies that are currently analyzed in several clinical trials. Additionally, BET are involved in the epigenetic regulation of immune responses by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), that play a central role in the regulation of immune responses, indicating that cancer treatment with BET inhibitors can promote immunosuppressive effects. The aim of this study was to further characterize the effects of selective BET inhibition by JQ1 on DC maturation and DC-mediated antigen-specific T-cell responses. Selective BET inhibition by JQ1 impairs LPS-induced DC maturation and inhibits the migrational activity of DCs, while antigen uptake is not affected. JQ1-treated DCs show reduced ability to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. Moreover, antigen-specific T cells co-cultured with JQ1-treated DCs exhibit an inactive phenotype and reduced cytokine production. JQ1-treated mice show reduced immune responses in vivo to sublethal doses of LPS, characterized by a reduced white blood cell count, an immature phenotype of splenic DCs and T cells and lower blood levels of IL-6. In our study, we demonstrate that selective BET inhibition by JQ1, a drug currently tested in clinical trials for malignant diseases, has profound effects on DC maturation and DC-mediated antigen-specific T-cell responses. These immunosuppressive effects can result in the induction of possible infectious side effects in cancer treatments. In addition, based on our results, these compounds should not be used in combinatorial regimes using immunotherapeutic approaches such as check point inhibitors, T-cell therapies, or vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Remke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Savita Bisht
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oberbeck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Nolting
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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107
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TLR2/6 signaling promotes the expansion of premalignant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the NUP98-HOXD13 mouse model of MDS. Exp Hematol 2020; 88:42-55. [PMID: 32652111 PMCID: PMC7673652 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression is increased on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and enhanced TLR2 signaling is thought to contribute to MDS pathogenesis. Notably, TLR2 heterodimerizes with TLR1 or TLR6, and while high TLR2 is associated with lower-risk disease, high TLR6, but not TLR1, correlates with higher-risk disease. This raises the possibility of heterodimer-specific effects of TLR2 signaling in MDS, and in the work described here, we tested the effects of specific modulation of TLR1/2 versus TLR2/6 signaling on premalignant HSPCs. Indeed, chronic stimulation of TLR2/6, but not TLR1/2, accelerates leukemic transformation in the NHD13 mouse model of MDS, and conversely, loss of TLR6, but not TLR1, slows this process. TLR2/6 stimulation expands premalignant HSPCs, and chimeric mouse studies revealed that cell-autonomous signaling contributes to this expansion. Finally, TLR2/6 stimulation is associated with an enrichment of Myc and mTORC1 activities. While Myc inhibition partially suppressed the TLR2/6 agonist-mediated expansion of premalignant HSPCs, inhibition of mTORC1 exacerbated it, suggesting that these pathways play opposite roles in regulating the effects of TLR2/6 ligation on HSPCs. Together, these data reveal heterodimer-specific effects of TLR2 signaling on premalignant HSPCs, with TLR2/6 signaling promoting their expansion and leukemic transformation.
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108
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Brd2 haploinsufficiency extends lifespan and healthspan in C57B6/J mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234910. [PMID: 32559200 PMCID: PMC7304595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging in mammals is the gradual decline of an organism's physical, mental, and physiological capacity. Aging leads to increased risk for disease and eventually to death. Here, we show that Brd2 haploinsufficiency (Brd2+/-) extends lifespan and increases healthspan in C57B6/J mice. In Brd2+/- mice, longevity is increased by 23% (p<0.0001), and, relative to wildtype animals (Brd2+/+), cancer incidence is reduced by 43% (p<0.001). In addition, relative to age-matched wildtype mice, Brd2 heterozygotes show healthier aging including: improved grooming, extended period of fertility, and lack of age-related decline in kidney function and morphology. Our data support a role for haploinsufficiency of Brd2 in promoting healthy aging. We hypothesize that Brd2 affects aging by protecting against the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. Given the recent advances in the development of BET inhibitors, our research provides impetus to test drugs that target BRD2 as a way to understand and treat/prevent age-related diseases.
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109
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Zhu F, Xiong F, He J, Liu K, You Y, Xu Q, Miao J, Du Y, Zhang L, Ren H, Wang X, Chen J, Li J, Chen S, Liu X, Huang N, Wang Y. Brd4 inhibition ameliorates Pyocyanin-mediated macrophage dysfunction via transcriptional repression of reactive oxygen and nitrogen free radical pathways. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:459. [PMID: 32541671 PMCID: PMC7295752 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in the first-line immune defense against airway infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). The redox-active phenazine-pyocyanin (PCN), as one of the most essential virulence factors, facilities PA-related infection via a wide spectrum of cellular oxidative damages. However, little is known for PCN cytotoxicity in macrophages. In this study, besides showing PCN-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) indeed involved in macrophage viability and function impairment, we at the first time demonstrated a novel role of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) pathway causing cellular damage in PCN-challenged macrophages. Using small molecule inhibitor JQ1 targeting Bromodomain and extra-terminal family proteins, we showed restrained iNOS-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production correlated with abolished Brd4 recruitment to the NOS2 (encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase-iNOS) promoter. Application of JQ1 diminished PCN-mediated peroxynitrite (ONOO-) that followed ROS and NO induction, restored macrophage survival and bacteria clearance as well as repressed local inflammation in PA/PCN-challenged mice lungs. Our results uncover a novel link between PCN-mediated macrophage dysfunction and reactive free radicals that rely on Brd4-dependent transcription modulation of multiple stress-response genes, suggesting Brd4 could be a promising therapeutic target in treating PA-related lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feimei Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinchen He
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, 445000, Enshi, China
| | - Yuanyuan You
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Junming Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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110
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Wu J, Gupta M, Hussein AI, Gerstenfeld L. Bayesian modeling of factorial time-course data with applications to a bone aging gene expression study. J Appl Stat 2020; 48:1730-1754. [PMID: 34295011 DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2020.1772733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Many scientific studies, especially in the biomedical sciences, generate data measured simultaneously over a multitude of units, over a period of time, and under different conditions or combinations of factors. Often, an important question of interest asked relates to which units behave similarly under different conditions, but measuring the variation over time complicates the analysis significantly. In this article we address such a problem arising from a gene expression study relating to bone aging, and develop a Bayesian statistical method that can simultaneously detect and uncover signals on three levels within such data: factorial, longitudinal, and transcriptional. Our model framework considers both cluster and time-point-specific parameters and these parameters uniquely determine the shapes of the temporal gene expression profiles, allowing the discovery and characterization of latent gene clusters based on similar underlying biological mechanisms. Our methodology was successfully applied to discover transcriptional networks in a microarray data set comparing the transcriptomic changes that occurred during bone aging in male and female mice expressing one or both copies of the bromodomain (Brd2) gene, a transcriptional regulator which exhibits an age-dependent sex-linked bone loss phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wu
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U. S. A.,Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, U.S.A
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111
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Transcriptional, Epigenetic and Metabolic Programming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061411. [PMID: 32486098 PMCID: PMC7352439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that regulate primary tumor growth, vascularization, metastatic spread and tumor response to various types of therapies. The present review highlights the mechanisms of macrophage programming in tumor microenvironments that act on the transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic levels. We summarize the latest knowledge on the types of transcriptional factors and epigenetic enzymes that control the direction of macrophage functional polarization and their pro- and anti-tumor activities. We also focus on the major types of metabolic programs of macrophages (glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation), and their interaction with cancer cells and complex TME. We have discussed how the regulation of macrophage polarization on the transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic levels can be used for the efficient therapeutic manipulation of macrophage functions in cancer.
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112
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Targeting bromodomain-containing proteins to prevent spontaneous preterm birth. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2379-2400. [PMID: 31750510 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a global healthcare challenge. Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is commonly caused by inflammation, yet there are currently no effective therapies available. The Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif (BET) proteins, Bromodomain-containing protein (Brd) 2 (Brd2), Brd3 and Brd4 regulate inflammation in non-gestational tissues. The roles of Brd2-4 in human pregnancy are unknown. Using human and mouse models, the present study has identified the Brd proteins part of the process by which inflammation induces parturition. Using human clinical samples, we demonstrate that labor and infection increase the expression of Brds in the uterus and fetal membranes. In primary human myometrial, amnion and decidual cells, we found that global Brd protein inhibition, as well as selective inhibition of Brds, suppressed inflammation-induced expression of mediators involved in myometrial contractions and rupture of fetal membranes. Importantly, studies in the mouse model demonstrate that the pan-Brd inhibitor JQ1 reduced intrauterine inflammation induced by bacterial endotoxin LPS as well as decreasing the effectiveness of LPS to induce parturition. These results implicate BET proteins as novel therapeutic targets for reducing inflammation associated with spontaneous preterm labor.
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113
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Wang H, Fu H, Zhu R, Wu X, Ji X, Li X, Jiang H, Lin Z, Tang X, Sun S, Chen J, Wang X, Li Q, Ji Y, Chen H. BRD4 contributes to LPS-induced macrophage senescence and promotes progression of atherosclerosis-associated lipid uptake. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9240-9259. [PMID: 32392533 PMCID: PMC7288959 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is closely associated with atherosclerosis. Macrophages accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Although atherosclerotic lesions are known to contain senescent cells, the mechanism underlying the formation of senescent macrophages during atherosclerosis is still unclear. In this study, macrophages with different origins were collected, including THP-1 macrophages, telomerase reverse transcriptase knock out (Tert-/-) mouse peritoneal macrophages, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce the formation of senescent macrophages, which was typified by the morphological changes, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretory, and persistent DNA damage response. Mechanistically, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a chromosomal binding protein related to gene expression, was found to play a key role in the pathological process, which could offer new therapeutic perspectives. Inhibition of BRD4 by siBRD4 or inhibitors such as JQ-1 or I-BET762 prevented the aging of macrophages and lipid accumulation in the LPS-induced senescent macrophages by decreasing expression of SASP in autocrine and paracrine senescence. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of the pathobiology of age-associated diseases and may guide future studies on targeted clinical drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruigong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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114
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Petráčková D, Farman MR, Amman F, Linhartová I, Dienstbier A, Kumar D, Držmíšek J, Hofacker I, Rodriguez ME, Večerek B. Transcriptional profiling of human macrophages during infection with Bordetella pertussis. RNA Biol 2020; 17:731-742. [PMID: 32070192 PMCID: PMC7237194 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1727694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, a strictly human re-emerging pathogen and the causative agent of whooping cough, exploits a broad variety of virulence factors to establish efficient infection. Here, we used RNA sequencing to analyse the changes in gene expression profiles of human THP-1 macrophages resulting from B. pertussis infection. In parallel, we attempted to determine the changes in intracellular B. pertussis-specific transcriptomic profiles resulting from interaction with macrophages. Our analysis revealed that global gene expression profiles in THP-1 macrophages are extensively rewired 6 h post-infection. Among the highly expressed genes, we identified those encoding cytokines, chemokines, and transcription regulators involved in the induction of the M1 and M2 macrophage polarization programmes. Notably, several host genes involved in the control of apoptosis and inflammation which are known to be hijacked by intracellular bacterial pathogens were overexpressed upon infection. Furthermore, in silico analyses identified large temporal changes in expression of specific gene subsets involved in signalling and metabolic pathways. Despite limited numbers of the bacterial reads, we observed reduced expression of majority of virulence factors and upregulation of several transcriptional regulators during infection suggesting that intracellular B. pertussis cells switch from virulent to avirulent phase and actively adapt to intracellular environment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Petráčková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariam R. Farman
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Amman
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irena Linhartová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Dienstbier
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Držmíšek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Hofacker
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Computer Science, Research Group Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Eugenia Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Branislav Večerek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
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115
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Gilan O, Rioja I, Knezevic K, Bell MJ, Yeung MM, Harker NR, Lam EYN, Chung CW, Bamborough P, Petretich M, Urh M, Atkinson SJ, Bassil AK, Roberts EJ, Vassiliadis D, Burr ML, Preston AGS, Wellaway C, Werner T, Gray JR, Michon AM, Gobbetti T, Kumar V, Soden PE, Haynes A, Vappiani J, Tough DF, Taylor S, Dawson SJ, Bantscheff M, Lindon M, Drewes G, Demont EH, Daniels DL, Grandi P, Prinjha RK, Dawson MA. Selective targeting of BD1 and BD2 of the BET proteins in cancer and immunoinflammation. Science 2020; 368:387-394. [PMID: 32193360 PMCID: PMC7610820 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz8455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The two tandem bromodomains of the BET (bromodomain and extraterminal domain) proteins enable chromatin binding to facilitate transcription. Drugs that inhibit both bromodomains equally have shown efficacy in certain malignant and inflammatory conditions. To explore the individual functional contributions of the first (BD1) and second (BD2) bromodomains in biology and therapy, we developed selective BD1 and BD2 inhibitors. We found that steady-state gene expression primarily requires BD1, whereas the rapid increase of gene expression induced by inflammatory stimuli requires both BD1 and BD2 of all BET proteins. BD1 inhibitors phenocopied the effects of pan-BET inhibitors in cancer models, whereas BD2 inhibitors were predominantly effective in models of inflammatory and autoimmune disease. These insights into the differential requirement of BD1 and BD2 for the maintenance and induction of gene expression may guide future BET-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Gilan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Kathy Knezevic
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Bell
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Miriam M Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola R Harker
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Enid Y N Lam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Paul Bamborough
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Massimo Petretich
- Cellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stephen J Atkinson
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Anna K Bassil
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Emma J Roberts
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Dane Vassiliadis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marian L Burr
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex G S Preston
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Thilo Werner
- Cellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James R Gray
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Michon
- Cellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gobbetti
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Computational Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Peter E Soden
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Andrea Haynes
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Johanna Vappiani
- Cellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David F Tough
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Simon Taylor
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Sarah-Jane Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- Cellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthew Lindon
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel H Demont
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Paola Grandi
- Cellzome GmbH, Functional Genomics R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Epigenetics RU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK.
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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116
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms involve the placing (writing) or removal (erasing) of histone modifications that allow heterochromatin to transition to the open, activated euchromatin state necessary for transcription. A third, less studied epigenetic pathway involves the reading of these specific histone marks once placed. The BETs (bromodomain and extraterminal-containing protein family), which includes BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 and the testis-restricted BRDT, are epigenetic reader proteins that bind to specific acetylated lysine residues on histone tails where they facilitate the assembly of transcription complexes including transcription factors and transcriptional machinery like RNA Polymerase II. As reviewed here, considerable recent data establishes BETs as novel determinants of induced transcriptional programs in vascular cells, like endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes and inflammatory cells, like monocyte/macrophages, cellular settings where these epigenetic reader proteins couple proximal stimuli to chromatin, acting at super-enhancer regulatory regions to direct gene expression. BET inhibition, including the use of specific chemical BET inhibitors like JQ-1, has many reported effects in vivo in the cardiovascular setting, like decreasing atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, intimal hyperplasia, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. At the same time, data in endothelial cells, adipocytes, and elsewhere suggest BETs also help regulate gene expression under basal conditions. Studies in the cardiovascular setting have highlighted BET action as a means of controlling gene expression in differentiation, cell identity, and cell state transitions, whether physiological or pathological, adaptive, or maladaptive. While distinct BET inhibitors are being pursued as therapies in oncology, a large prospective clinical cardiovascular outcome study investigating the BET inhibitor RVX-208 (now called apabetalone) has already been completed. Independent of this specific agent and this one trial or the numerous unanswered questions that remain, BETs have emerged as novel epigenetic players involved in the execution of coordinated transcriptional programs in cardiovascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cristine Borck
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.C.B., J.P.)
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Davis Heart and Lung Institute, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus (L.-W.G.)
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.C.B., J.P.)
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117
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Olp MD, Sprague DJ, Goetz CJ, Kathman SG, Wynia-Smith SL, Shishodia S, Summers SB, Xu Z, Statsyuk AV, Smith BC. Covalent-Fragment Screening of BRD4 Identifies a Ligandable Site Orthogonal to the Acetyl-Lysine Binding Sites. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1036-1049. [PMID: 32149490 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BRD4, a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family, has emerged as a promising epigenetic target in cancer and inflammatory disorders. All reported BET family ligands bind within the bromodomain acetyl-lysine binding sites and competitively inhibit BET protein interaction with acetylated chromatin. Alternative chemical probes that act orthogonally to the highly conserved acetyl-lysine binding sites may exhibit selectivity within the BET family and avoid recently reported toxicity in clinical trials of BET bromodomain inhibitors. Here, we report the first identification of a ligandable site on a bromodomain outside the acetyl-lysine binding site. Inspired by our computational prediction of hotspots adjacent to nonhomologous cysteine residues within the C-terminal BRD4 bromodomain (BRD4-BD2), we performed a midthroughput mass spectrometry screen to identify cysteine-reactive fragments that covalently and selectively modify BRD4. Subsequent mass spectrometry, NMR, and computational docking analyses of electrophilic fragment hits revealed a novel ligandable site near Cys356 that is unique to BRD4 among human bromodomains. This site is orthogonal to the BRD4-BD2 acetyl-lysine binding site as Cys356 modification did not impact binding of the pan-BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 in fluorescence polarization assays nor an acetylated histone peptide in AlphaScreen assays. Finally, we tethered our top-performing covalent fragment to JQ1 and performed NanoBRET assays to provide proof of principle that this orthogonal site can be covalently targeted in intact human cells. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of targeting sites orthogonal to bromodomain acetyl-lysine binding sites to develop bivalent and covalent inhibitors that displace BRD4 from chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Olp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Daniel J. Sprague
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Christopher J. Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Stefan G. Kathman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sarah L. Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Shifali Shishodia
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Steven B. Summers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexander V. Statsyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Brian C. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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118
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Lambrou GI, Hatziagapiou K, Vlahopoulos S. Inflammation and tissue homeostasis: the NF-κB system in physiology and malignant progression. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4047-4063. [PMID: 32239468 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of tissue function activates cellular stress which triggers a number of mechanisms that protect the tissue from further damage. These mechanisms involve a number of homeostatic modules, which are regulated at the level of gene expression by the transactivator NF-κB. This transcription factor shifts between activation and repression of discrete, cell-dependent gene expression clusters. Some of its target genes provide feedback to NF-κB itself, thereby strengthening the inflammatory response of the tissue and later terminating inflammation to facilitate restoration of tissue homeostasis. Disruption of key feedback modules for NF-κB in certain cell types facilitates the survival of clones with genomic aberrations, and protects them from being recognized and eliminated by the immune system, to enable thereby carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece.
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119
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Piha-Paul SA, Hann CL, French CA, Cousin S, Braña I, Cassier PA, Moreno V, de Bono JS, Harward SD, Ferron-Brady G, Barbash O, Wyce A, Wu Y, Horner T, Annan M, Parr NJ, Prinjha RK, Carpenter CL, Hilton J, Hong DS, Haas NB, Markowski MC, Dhar A, O’Dwyer PJ, Shapiro GI. Phase 1 Study of Molibresib (GSK525762), a Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain Protein Inhibitor, in NUT Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 4:pkz093. [PMID: 32328561 PMCID: PMC7165800 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins are promising epigenetic anticancer drug targets. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, recommended phase II dose, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitor molibresib (GSK525762) in patients with nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC) and other solid tumors. METHODS This was a phase I and II, open-label, dose-escalation study. Molibresib was administered orally once daily. Single-patient dose escalation (from 2 mg/d) was conducted until the first instance of grade 2 or higher drug-related toxicity, followed by a 3 + 3 design. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained during weeks 1 and 3. Circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were measured as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. RESULTS Sixty-five patients received molibresib. During dose escalation, 11% experienced dose-limiting toxicities, including six instances of grade 4 thrombocytopenia, all with molibresib 60-100 mg. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events of any grade were thrombocytopenia (51%) and gastrointestinal events, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, and dysgeusia (22%-42%), anemia (22%), and fatigue (20%). Molibresib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile up to 100 mg; 80 mg once daily was selected as the recommended phase II dose. Following single and repeat dosing, molibresib showed rapid absorption and elimination (maximum plasma concentration: 2 hours; t1/2: 3-7 hours). Dose-dependent reductions in circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were observed. Among 19 patients with NC, four achieved either confirmed or unconfirmed partial response, eight had stable disease as best response, and four were progression-free for more than 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Once-daily molibresib was tolerated at doses demonstrating target engagement. Preliminary data indicate proof-of-concept in NC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher A French
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sophie Cousin
- Medical Oncology, Institute Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Irene Braña
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Victor Moreno
- Medical Oncology, START Madrid-FJD, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rabinder K Prinjha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - John Hilton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Naomi B Haas
- Abramson Cancer Center at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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120
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Wang X, Yang Y, Ren D, Xia Y, He W, Wu Q, Zhang J, Liu M, Du Y, Ren C, Li B, Shen J, Zhang Y. JQ1, a bromodomain inhibitor, suppresses Th17 effectors by blocking p300-mediated acetylation of RORγt. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2959-2973. [PMID: 32060899 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Th17 cells play critical roles in chronic inflammation, including fibrosis. Histone acetyltransferase p300, a bromodomain-containing protein, acetylates RORγt and promotes Th17 cell development. The bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 was shown to alleviate Th17-mediated pathologies, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that JQ1 suppresses the response of Th17 cells by impairing p300-mediated acetylation of RORγt. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of JQ1 on p300-mediated acetylation of RORγt was investigated in HEK293T (overexpressing Flag-p300 and Myc-RORγt) and human Th17 cells through immunoprecipitation and western blotting. To determine the regions of p300 responsible for JQ1-mediated suppression of HAT activity, we performed HAT assays on recombinant p300 fragments with/without the bromodomain, after exposure to JQ1. Additionally, the effect of JQ1 on p300-mediated acetylation of RORγt and Th17 cell function was verified in vivo, using murine Schistosoma-induced fibrosis models. Liver injury was assessed by histopathological examination and measurement of serum enzyme levels. Expression of Th17 effectors was detected by qRT-PCR, whereas IL-17- and RORγt-positive granuloma cells were detected by FACS. KEY RESULTS JQ1 impaired p300-mediated RORγt acetylation in human Th17 and HEK293T cells. JQ1 failed to suppress the acetyltransferase activity of p300 fragments lacking the bromodomain. JQ1 treatment attenuated Schistosoma-induced fibrosis in mice, by inhibiting RORγt acetylation and IL-17 expression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS JQ1 impairs p300-mediated RORγt acetylation, thus reducing the expression of RORγt target genes, including Th17-specific cytokines. JQ1-mediated inhibition of p300 acetylase activity requires the p300 bromodomain. Strategies targeting p300 may provide new therapeutic approaches for controlling Th17-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dandan Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Pathology, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenguang He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingsi Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yinan Du
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijia Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wisniewski A, Georg GI. BET proteins: Investigating BRDT as a potential target for male contraception. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126958. [PMID: 32019712 PMCID: PMC7023680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While many contraception options are available for women, birth control methods for men are limited to condoms and vasectomy. Past research into male contraceptives has focused on hormonal options but the associated side effects have thus far precluded this method from reaching the market. Non-hormonal male contraceptives and vas occlusion have also been explored, but to date no method has progressed past clinical testing. Recent interest in epigenetic research has unveiled a new potential non-hormonal male contraceptive target: the testis-specific bromodomain BRDT. Potent inhibitors for bromodomain-containing proteins are described in the literature, but a BRDT-specific compound has yet to be designed, prepared and tested. The high similarity between bromodomain proteins of the BET family makes development of selective and specific inhibitors both difficult and necessary. Selective inhibition of BRDT by a small molecule is an exciting new target in the search for a new non-hormonal male contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wisniewski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
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Li X, Fu Y, Yang B, Guo E, Wu Y, Huang J, Zhang X, Xiao R, Li K, Wang B, Hu J, Sun C, Chen G. BRD4 Inhibition by AZD5153 Promotes Antitumor Immunity via Depolarizing M2 Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:89. [PMID: 32184777 PMCID: PMC7058627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), with its high recurrence rates, urges for reasonable therapeutic strategies that can prolong overall survival. A tumor microenvironment (TME) discloses prognostic and prospective information on cancer, such as the expression level of PD-1 or PD-L1. However, in HGSOC, the impact of the therapies aiming at these targets remains unsatisfying. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in HGSOC make up a large part of the TMEs and transform between diverse phenotypes under different treatments. AZD5153 inhibiting BRD4, as a potential therapeutic strategy for HGSOC, was demonstrated to confer controversial plasticity on TAMs, which shows the need to uncover its impact on TAMs in HGSOC. Therefore, we established models for TAMs and TAMs co-culturing with T lymphocytes in vitro. Via RT-PCR and flow cytometry, we find that AZD5153 resets TAMs from M2-type macrophages to M1-like macrophages, consequently promoting pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and thus activating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro. This modification occurs on MAF transcripts in TAMs and modified by BRD4, which is the target of AZD5153. Importantly, the 3-D microfluid model demonstrates that AZD5153 sensitizes ovarian cancer to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Our results clarify that besides eliminating tumor cells directly, AZD5153 works as a regulator of the TAM phenotype, providing a novel strategy combining AZD5153 and PD-1/PD-L1 antibody that could benefit HGSOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ensong Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rourou Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kezhen Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gatchalian J, Liao J, Maxwell MB, Hargreaves DC. Control of Stimulus-Dependent Responses in Macrophages by SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complexes. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:126-140. [PMID: 31928914 PMCID: PMC6995420 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in controlling the activation, timing, and resolution of innate immune responses in macrophages. Previously, SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling was found to define the kinetics and selectivity of gene activation in response to microbial ligands; however, these studies do not reflect a comprehensive understanding of SWI/SNF complex regulation. In 2018, a new variant of the SWI/SNF complex was identified with unknown function in inflammatory gene regulation. Here, we summarize the biochemical and genomic properties of SWI/SNF complex variants and the potential for increased regulatory control of innate immune transcriptional programs in light of such biochemical diversity. Finally, we review the development of SWI/SNF complex chemical inhibitors and degraders that could be used to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovylyn Gatchalian
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jingwen Liao
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biological Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew B Maxwell
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biological Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Diana C Hargreaves
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Mota de Sá P, Richard AJ, Stephens JM. Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibition by JQ1 Produces Divergent Transcriptional Regulation of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling Genes in Adipocytes. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5686880. [PMID: 31875887 PMCID: PMC7007879 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway has cell-specific functions. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative-feedback regulators of JAK-STAT signaling. STAT5 plays a significant role in adipocyte development and function, and bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins may be involved in STAT5 transcriptional activity. We treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the BET inhibitor JQ1 and observed that growth hormone (GH)-induced expression of 2 STAT5 target genes from the SOCS family, Socs3 and Cish, were inversely regulated (increased and decreased, respectively) by BET inhibition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that changes in STAT5 binding did not correlate with gene expression changes. GH promoted the recruitment of the BET protein BRD2 to the Cish, but not Socs3, promoter. JQ1 treatment ablated this effect as well as the GH-induced binding of ribonucleic acid polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to the Cish transcription start site. BRD2 knockdown also suppressed GH induction of Cish, further supporting the role of BRD2 in Cish transcriptional activation. In contrast, JQ1 increased the binding of activated Pol II to the Socs3 coding region, suggesting enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) elongation. Our finding that JQ1 transiently reduced the interaction between the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) and its inhibitor hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1 (HEXIM1) is consistent with a previously described off-target effect of JQ1, whereby P-TEFb becomes more available to be recruited by genes that do not depend on BET proteins for activating transcription. These results demonstrate substantially different transcriptional regulation of Socs3 and Cish and suggest distinct roles in adipocytes for these 2 closely related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mota de Sá
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Allison J Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Correspondence: Jacqueline Stephens, Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803. E-mail:
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Chelladurai P, Boucherat O, Stenmark K, Kracht M, Seeger W, Bauer UM, Bonnet S, Pullamsetti SS. Targeting histone acetylation in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:54-71. [PMID: 31749139 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), have been known to regulate chromatin structure and lineage-specific gene expression during cardiovascular development and disease. However, alterations in the landscape of histone PTMs and their contribution to the pathogenesis of incurable cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension (PH) and associated right heart failure (RHF) remain largely unexplored. This review focusses on the studies in PH and RHF that investigated the gene families that write (histone acetyltransferases), read (bromodomain-containing proteins) or erase (histone deacetylases [HDACs] and sirtuins [SIRT]) acetyl moieties from the ε-amino group of lysine residues of histones and non-histone proteins. Analysis of cells and tissues isolated from the in vivo preclinical models of PH and human pulmonary arterial hypertension not only confirmed significant alterations in the expression levels of multiple HDACs, SIRT1, SIRT3 and BRD4 proteins but also demonstrated their strong association to proliferative, inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes linked to the pathological vascular remodelling process. Due to the reversible nature of post-translational protein acetylation, the therapeutic efficacy of numerous small-molecule inhibitors (vorinostat, valproic acid, sodium butyrate, mocetinostat, entinostat, tubastatin A, apabetalone, JQ1 and resveratrol) have been evaluated in different preclinical models of cardiovascular disease, which revealed the promising therapeutic benefits of targeting histone acetylation pathways in the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, left heart dysfunction, PH and RHF. This review also emphasizes the need for deeper molecular insights into the contribution of epigenetic changes to PH pathogenesis and therapeutic evaluation of isoform-specific modulation in ex vivo and in vivo models of PH and RHF. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chelladurai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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126
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Shrestha J, Razavi Bazaz S, Aboulkheyr Es H, Yaghobian Azari D, Thierry B, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Ghadiri M. Lung-on-a-chip: the future of respiratory disease models and pharmacological studies. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:213-230. [PMID: 31906727 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1710458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, organ-on-a-chip models, which are microfluidic devices that mimic the cellular architecture and physiological environment of an organ, have been developed and extensively investigated. The chips can be tailored to accommodate the disease conditions pertaining to many organs; and in the case of this review, the lung. Lung-on-a-chip models result in a more accurate reflection compared to conventional in vitro models. Pharmaceutical drug testing methods traditionally use animal models in order to evaluate pharmacological and toxicological responses to a new agent. However, these responses do not directly reflect human physiological responses. In this review, current and future applications of the lung-on-a-chip in the respiratory system will be discussed. Furthermore, the limitations of current conventional in vitro models used for respiratory disease modeling and drug development will be addressed. Highlights of additional translational aspects of the lung-on-a-chip will be discussed in order to demonstrate the importance of this subject for medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maliheh Ghadiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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127
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Zhang Y, Xu B, Shi J, Li J, Lu X, Xu L, Yang H, Hamad N, Wang C, Napier D, He S, Liu C, Liu Z, Qian H, Chen L, Wei X, Zheng X, Huang JA, Thibault O, Craven R, Wei D, Pan Y, Zhou BP, Wu Y, Yang XH. BRD4 modulates vulnerability of triple-negative breast cancer to targeting of integrin-dependent signaling pathways. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:1049-1066. [PMID: 33006750 PMCID: PMC7716866 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stemming from a myriad of genetic and epigenetic alterations, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is tied to poor clinical outcomes and aspires for individualized therapies. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of co-inhibiting integrin-dependent signaling pathway and BRD4, a transcriptional and epigenetic mediator, for TNBC. METHODS Two independent patient cohorts were subjected to bioinformatic and IHC examination for clinical association of candidate cancer drivers. The efficacy and biological bases for co-targeting these drivers were interrogated using cancer cell lines, a protein kinase array, chemical inhibitors, RNAi/CRISPR/Cas9 approaches, and a 4 T1-Balb/c xenograft model. RESULTS We found that amplification of the chromosome 8q24 region occurred in nearly 20% of TNBC tumors, and that it coincided with co-upregulation or amplification of c-Myc and FAK, a key effector of integrin-dependent signaling. This co-upregulation at the mRNA or protein level correlated with a poor patient survival (p < 0.0109 or p < 0.0402, respectively). Furthermore, we found that 14 TNBC cell lines exhibited high vulnerabilities to the combination of JQ1 and VS-6063, potent pharmacological antagonists of the BRD4/c-Myc and integrin/FAK-dependent pathways, respectively. We also observed a cooperative inhibitory effect of JQ1 and VS-6063 on tumor growth and infiltration of Ly6G+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells in vivo. Finally, we found that JQ1 and VS-6063 cooperatively induced apoptotic cell death by altering XIAP, Bcl2/Bcl-xl and Bim levels, impairing c-Src/p130Cas-, PI3K/Akt- and RelA-associated signaling, and were linked to EMT-inducing transcription factor Snail- and Slug-dependent regulation. CONCLUSION Based on our results, we conclude that the BRD4/c-Myc- and integrin/FAK-dependent pathways act in concert to promote breast cancer cell survival and poor clinical outcomes. As such, they represent promising targets for a synthetic lethal-type of therapy against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlan Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Helen Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nevean Hamad
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dana Napier
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xucai Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science & Technology of China and Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rolf Craven
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dongping Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueyin Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science & Technology of China and Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Xiuwei H Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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128
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Phillipou AN, Lay CS, Carver CE, Messenger C, Evans JP, Lewis AJ, Gordon LJ, Mahmood M, Greenhough LA, Sammon D, Cheng AT, Chakraborty S, Jones EJ, Lucas SCC, Gatfield KM, Brierley DJ, Craggs PD. Cellular Target Engagement Approaches to Monitor Epigenetic Reader Domain Interactions. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:163-175. [PMID: 31875412 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219896278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malfunctions in the basic epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, and chromatin remodeling are implicated in a number of cancers and immunological and neurodegenerative conditions. Within GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) we have utilized a number of variations of the NanoBRET technology for the direct measurement of compound-target engagement within native cellular environments to drive high-throughput, routine structure-activity relationship (SAR) profiling across differing epigenetic targets. NanoBRET is a variation of the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) methodology utilizing proteins of interest fused to either NanoLuc, a small, high-emission-intensity luciferase, or HaloTag, a modified dehalogenase enzyme that can be selectively labeled with a fluorophore. The combination of these two technologies has enabled the application of NanoBRET to biological systems such as epigenetic protein-protein interactions, which have previously been challenging. By synergizing target engagement assays with more complex primary cell phenotypic assays, we have been able to demonstrate compound-target selectivity profiles to enhance cellular potency and offset potential liability risks. Additionally, we have shown that in the absence of a robust, cell phenotypic assay, it is possible to utilize NanoBRET target engagement assays to aid chemistry in progressing at a higher scale than would have otherwise been achievable. The NanoBRET target engagement assays utilized have further shown an excellent correlation with more reductionist biochemical and biophysical assay systems, clearly demonstrating the possibility of using such assay systems at scale, in tandem with, or in preference to, lower-throughput cell phenotypic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Phillipou
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Charles S Lay
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Charlotte E Carver
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Cassie Messenger
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John P Evans
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Antonia J Lewis
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Laurie J Gordon
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Mahnoor Mahmood
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Luke A Greenhough
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Douglas Sammon
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Aaron T Cheng
- Functional Genomics, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Syandan Chakraborty
- Functional Genomics, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Emma J Jones
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Simon C C Lucas
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kelly M Gatfield
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David J Brierley
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Peter D Craggs
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
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129
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Erkes DA, Rosenbaum SR, Field CO, Chervoneva I, Villanueva J, Aplin AE. PLX3397 inhibits the accumulation of intra-tumoral macrophages and improves bromodomain and extra-terminal inhibitor efficacy in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 33:372-377. [PMID: 31696640 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal inhibitors (BETi) delay tumor growth, in part, through tumor cell intrinsic alterations and initiation of anti-tumor CD8+ T-cell responses. By contrast, BETi effects on pro-tumoral immune responses remain unclear. Here, we show that the next-generation BETi, PLX51107, delayed tumor growth to differing degrees in Braf V600E melanoma syngeneic mouse models. These differential responses were associated with the influx of tumor-associated macrophages during BETi treatment. Tumors that were poorly responsive to PLX51107 showed increased influx of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R)-positive tumor-associated macrophages. We depleted CSF-1R+ tumor-associated macrophages with the CSF-1R inhibitor, PLX3397, in combination with PLX51107. Treatment with PLX3397 enhanced the efficacy of PLX51107 in poorly responsive Braf V600E syngeneic melanomas in vivo. These findings suggest that tumor-associated macrophage accumulation limits BETi efficacy and that co-treatment with PLX3397 can improve response to PLX51107, offering a potential novel combination therapy for metastatic melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan A Erkes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheera R Rosenbaum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Conroy O Field
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessie Villanueva
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, PA, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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130
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Morgado-Pascual JL, Rayego-Mateos S, Tejedor L, Suarez-Alvarez B, Ruiz-Ortega M. Bromodomain and Extraterminal Proteins as Novel Epigenetic Targets for Renal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1315. [PMID: 31780938 PMCID: PMC6857099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation and histone modifications, are dynamic processes that regulate the gene expression transcriptional program in normal and diseased states. The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein family (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT) are epigenetic readers that, via bromodomains, regulate gene transcription by binding to acetylated lysine residues on histones and master transcriptional factors. Experimental data have demonstrated the involvement of some BET proteins in many pathological conditions, including tumor development, infections, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Selective bromodomain inhibitors are epigenetic drugs that block the interaction between BET proteins and acetylated proteins, thus exerting beneficial effects. Recent data have described the beneficial effect of BET inhibition on experimental renal diseases. Emerging evidence underscores the importance of environmental modifications in the origin of pathological features in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Several cellular processes such as oxidation, metabolic disorders, cytokines, inflammation, or accumulated uremic toxins may induce epigenetic modifications that regulate key processes involved in renal damage and in other pathological conditions observed in CKD patients. Here, we review how targeting bromodomains in BET proteins may regulate essential processes involved in renal diseases and in associated complications found in CKD patients, such as cardiovascular damage, highlighting the potential of epigenetic therapeutic strategies against BET proteins for CKD treatment and associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Lucia Tejedor
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain.,Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
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131
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Sanders YY, Thannickal VJ. BETting on Novel Treatments for Asthma: Bromodomain 4 Inhibitors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:7-8. [PMID: 30157386 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0271ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Sanders
- 1 Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 1 Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
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132
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Ha SD, Cho W, DeKoter RP, Kim SO. The transcription factor PU.1 mediates enhancer-promoter looping that is required for IL-1β eRNA and mRNA transcription in mouse melanoma and macrophage cell lines. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17487-17500. [PMID: 31586032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-binding protein PU.1 is a myeloid lineage-determining and pioneering transcription factor due to its ability to bind "closed" genomic sites and maintain "open" chromatin state for myeloid lineage-specific genes. The precise mechanism of PU.1 in cell type-specific programming is yet to be elucidated. The melanoma cell line B16BL6, although it is nonmyeloid lineage, expressed Toll-like receptors and activated the transcription factor NF-κB upon stimulation by the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide. However, it did not produce cytokines, such as IL-1β mRNA. Ectopic PU.1 expression induced remodeling of a novel distal enhancer (located ∼10 kbp upstream of the IL-1β transcription start site), marked by nucleosome depletion, enhancer-promoter looping, and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac). PU.1 induced enhancer-promoter looping and H3K27ac through two distinct PU.1 regions. These PU.1-dependent events were independently required for subsequent signal-dependent and co-dependent events: NF-κB recruitment and further H3K27ac, both of which were required for enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcription. In murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, these PU.1-dependent events were constitutively established and readily expressed eRNA and subsequently IL-1β mRNA by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In summary, this study showed a sequence of epigenetic events in programming IL-1β transcription by the distal enhancer priming and eRNA production mediated by PU.1 and the signal-dependent transcription factor NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Duck Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Woohyun Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Rodney P DeKoter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Sung Ouk Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
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133
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Murakami S, Li R, Nagari A, Chae M, Camacho CV, Kraus WL. Distinct Roles for BET Family Members in Estrogen Receptor α Enhancer Function and Gene Regulation in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2356-2368. [PMID: 31551256 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain family member proteins (BRD; BET proteins) are key coregulators for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated transcriptional enhancers. The use of BRD-selective inhibitors has gained much attention as a potential treatment for various solid tumors, including ER-positive breast cancers. However, the roles of individual BET family members have largely remained unexplored. Here, we describe the role of BRDs in estrogen (E2)-dependent gene expression in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. We observed that chemical inhibition of BET family proteins with JQ1 impairs E2-regulated gene expression and growth in breast cancer cells. In addition, RNAi-mediated depletion of each BET family member (BRDs 2, 3, and 4) revealed partially redundant roles at ERα enhancers and for target gene transcription. Furthermore, we found a unique role of BRD3 as a molecular sensor of total BET family protein levels and activity through compensatory control of its own protein levels. Finally, we observed that BRD3 is recruited to a subset of ERα-binding sites (ERBS) that are enriched for active enhancer features, located in clusters of ERBSs likely functioning as "super enhancers," and associated with highly E2-responsive genes. Collectively, our results illustrate a critical and specific role for BET family members in ERα-dependent gene transcription. IMPLICATIONS: BRD3 is recruited to and controls the activity of a subset ERα transcriptional enhancers, providing a therapeutic opportunity to target BRD3 with BET inhibitors in ERα-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Murakami
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Program in Genetics, Development and Disease, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rui Li
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Program in Genetics, Development and Disease, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Anusha Nagari
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Minho Chae
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cristel V Camacho
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - W Lee Kraus
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Program in Genetics, Development and Disease, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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134
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Zong J, Li S, Wang Y, Mo W, Sun R, Yu M. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 promotes lipolysis via ERK/HSL signalling pathway in white adipose tissue of mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 281:105-116. [PMID: 31121164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction is prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uncontrolled free fatty acid (FFA) release from WAT stores has detrimental effects on lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (Brd2) has emerged as a central transcriptional regulator of adipocyte differentiation and pancreatic β-cell bioactivity. A recent study shows that Brd2 overexpression leads to insulin resistance in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been fully elucidated. This study provides the first evidence that adenoviral-mediated Brd2 overexpression in the WAT of mice increases lipolysis-related gene expression in addition to significantly reducing WAT size and promoting plasma FFA release. Brd2 overexpression in adipocytes also inhibits fat synthesis-related gene expression, while activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression and ERK-dependent perilipin 1 inhibition as well as promoting glycerol release, which are all involved in lipolysis. Collectively, these results indicate that Brd2 triggers insulin resistance via lipolysis-mediated FFA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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135
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BET protein targeting suppresses the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in triple-negative breast cancer and elicits anti-tumor immune response. Cancer Lett 2019; 465:45-58. [PMID: 31473251 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies aiming to leverage anti-tumor immunity are being intensively investigated as they show promising results in cancer therapy. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway constitutes an important target to restore functional anti-tumor immune response. Here, we report that BET protein inhibition suppresses PD-1/PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer. BET proteins control PD-1 expression in T cells, and PD-L1 in breast cancer cell models. BET protein targeting reduces T cell-derived interferon-γ production and signaling, thereby suppressing PD-L1 induction in breast cancer cells. Moreover, BET protein inhibition improves tumor cell-specific T cell cytotoxic function. Overall, we demonstrate that BET protein targeting represents a promising strategy to overcome tumor-reactive T cell exhaustion and improve anti-tumor immune responses, by reducing the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in triple-negative breast cancer.
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136
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Liu M, Li Y, Gao S, Yan S, Zhang Q, Liu G, Ji B. A novel target to reduce microglial inflammation and neuronal damage after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:2431-2444.e7. [PMID: 31564537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation acts as a contributor to neurologic deficits after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study postulates that cold-inducible RNA-binding protein can promote deep hypothermic circulatory arrest-induced neuroinflammation. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 5, each group): sham group, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest + Cirp-/- group (Cirp-/- group). Murine microglial BV2 cells were administered by adeno-associated viral vectors containing cold-inducible RNA-binding protein small interference RNA or negative control small interference RNA at 2 days before 4-hour oxygen-glucose deprivation at 18°C. Microglial activation, cell death, neuroinflammation, and related protein expression were assessed in tissue samples and cell cultures. RESULTS Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein was elevated along with evident neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in rats exposed to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. In Cirp-/- rats, histologic injury (3.00 [interquartile range, 2.00-3.00] vs 1.00 [interquartile range, 1.00-1.50] neuropathological score, P < .001) and microglial activation (40 ± 4 vs 13 ± 7 CA1 area, P < .001) were alleviated after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. With RNA-sequencing analysis, this associated with reduction of key proinflammatory cytokines induced by inhibiting Brd2-NF-κB signals. In BV2 cells treated with small interference RNA-cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, similar protective effects were observed, including decreased proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity. Brd2-NF-κB signals were confirmed by the addition of Brd2 inhibitor JQ1. Notably, the conditioned medium from BV2 cells transfected with small interference RNA cold-inducible RNA-binding protein significantly reduced apoptosis in neural SH-SY5Y cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation, which was similar to that after JQ1 administration. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced cold-inducible RNA-binding protein in microglia aggravates neuronal injury by promoting the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which might be mediated through Brd2-NF-κB signals during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sizhe Gao
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shujie Yan
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoni Zhang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyang Ji
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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137
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Akhmetzyanova E, Kletenkov K, Mukhamedshina Y, Rizvanov A. Different Approaches to Modulation of Microglia Phenotypes After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:37. [PMID: 31507384 PMCID: PMC6718713 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells, which are highly plastic, immediately respond to any change in the microenvironment by becoming activated and shifting the phenotype toward neurotoxicity or neuroprotection. The polarization of microglia/macrophages after spinal cord injury (SCI) seems to be a dynamic process and can change depending on the microenvironment, stage, course, and severity of the posttraumatic process. Effective methods to modulate microglia toward a neuroprotective phenotype in order to stimulate neuroregeneration are actively sought for. In this context, available approaches that can selectively impact the polarization of microglia/macrophages regulate synthesis of trophic factors and cytokines/chemokines in them, and their phagocytic function and effects on the course and outcome of SCI are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Akhmetzyanova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Konstantin Kletenkov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Mukhamedshina
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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138
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Shi Y, Zhang D, Li S, Xuan X, Zhang L, Li Y, Guo F. Inhibitors of BRD4 protein from the roots of Astilbe grandis stapf ex E.H. Wilson. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2044-2050. [PMID: 31437007 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1655414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new monoterpene (1) along with eight known compounds were isolated from the roots of Astilbe grandis Stapf ex E.H. Wilson. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and ECD experiments as (S)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)furan-2(5H)-one (1), caffeic acid (2), mandelic acid (3), sonchifolinin B (4), α-viniferin (5), euscaphic acid (6), cianidanol (7), β-sitosterol (8), and stigmasterol (9), respectively. Compounds 5 and 6 exhibited inhibitory effects against BRD4 protein with IC50 values of 13.20 and 17.39 µM, respectively. In vitro, compounds 5 and 6 showed moderate cytotoxicity to A549 cells, HCC827 cells and Hela cells with IC50 values ranging from 31.98 to 154.90 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shupei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liuqiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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139
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Piha-Paul SA, Sachdev JC, Barve M, LoRusso P, Szmulewitz R, Patel SP, Lara PN, Chen X, Hu B, Freise KJ, Modi D, Sood A, Hutti JE, Wolff J, O'Neil BH. First-in-Human Study of Mivebresib (ABBV-075), an Oral Pan-Inhibitor of Bromodomain and Extra Terminal Proteins, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6309-6319. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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140
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Ren Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhao Z. Role of Brd4 in the production of inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages treated with titanium particles. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1028-1034. [PMID: 31330113 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brd4 protein is an important epigenetic regulator involved in the process of inflammatory cytokine production in many diseases. However, whether and how Brd4 participates in the process of wear-particle-induced inflammation remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of Brd4 in titanium (Ti) particle-induced inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Our experiment detected Brd4 expressed in both normal synovium and periprosthetic osteolysis interface membrane, but the expression increased in the interface membrane as compared with that in normal synovium. Treatment with Ti particles significantly increased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production in RAW264.7 cells, which was inhibited by JQ1 or Brd4-siRNA. Ti particles enhanced the expression of Brd4, which was abrogated by JQ1. Ti particles enhanced NF-κB p65 and IKK phosphorylation and attenuated IκBα protein expression, which were abrogated by JQ1. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that Ti particles promoted the binding of Brd4 to acetylated NF-κB p65 (lysine-310), which was also abrogated in JQ1-treated RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, Brd4 expression increases in interface membrane and Brd4 participates in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by Ti particles via promoting the activation of NF-κB signaling and binding to acetylated NF-κB p65 (lysine-310) in mouse macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qingdao Haici Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Changyao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Haining Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
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141
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Zhang P, Li R, Xiao H, Liu W, Zeng X, Xie G, Yang W, Shi L, Yin Y, Tao K. BRD4 Inhibitor AZD5153 Suppresses the Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Sensitizes the Anticancer Effect of PARP Inhibitor. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1942-1954. [PMID: 31523195 PMCID: PMC6743290 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.34162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bromodomain-containing protein 4(BRD4) is reported to play a vital role in the development of numerous malignant diseases, which is considered as a promising target for cancer therapy. AZD5153, a novel specific BRD4 inhibitor, showed potent anticancer effects in several cancer types, but its therapeutic potential has not been fully evaluated in colorectal cancer cells. Objective: We sought to evaluate the therapeutic potential of BRD4 inhibition of by AZD5153 and its combined anticancer cancer effect with PARP inhibitor BMN673 in vitro and in vivo in colorectal cancer. Methods: We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate BRD4 expression in colorectal cancer patient. Clonogenic assays 、MTT assays and PI/Annexin V staining were used to determine the effect of AZD5153 and BMN673 and combination therapy on cell viability and apoptosis induction. Western blotting was applied to detect relevant molecules changes. Propidium iodide staining was performed to examine cell cycle distributions after monotherapy or combination therapy. Nude mice xenograft model was generated to confirm the therapeutic effect of AZD5153 and BMN673 combination in vivo, and IHC staining was used to detect the expression level of BRD4 and related markers in colorectal patient and xenograft. Results: Analysis of TCGA database indicated that BRD4 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer patient. The clonogenic and MTT assays and PI/Annexin V staining demonstrated that AZD5153 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells HCT116 and LoVo. Western blotting showed that AZD5153 inhibited the expression of c-Myc and increased expression of the apoptosis markers, cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), besides, we found that BRD4 knockdown could also inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, AZD5153 inhibited the expression of Wee1 and impaired G2M cell cycle checkpoint, thus sensitized the anticancer effect of BMN673 in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Our data revealed that AZD5153suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and sensitized them to the anticancer effect of the PARP inhibitor BMN673 via Wee1 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. This suggested that targeting BRD4 might be a valuable strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiangyu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Genchen Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenchang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuping Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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DeMars KM, Yang C, Candelario-Jalil E. Neuroprotective effects of targeting BET proteins for degradation with dBET1 in aged mice subjected to ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2019; 127:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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143
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Peeters JGC, Vastert SJ, van Wijk F, van Loosdregt J. Review: Enhancers in Autoimmune Arthritis: Implications and Therapeutic Potential. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 69:1925-1936. [PMID: 28666076 PMCID: PMC5659109 DOI: 10.1002/art.40194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janneke G C Peeters
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J Vastert
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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144
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Slivka PF, Hsieh CL, Lipovsky A, Pratt SD, Locklear J, Namovic MT, McDonald HA, Wetter J, Edelmayer R, Hu M, Murphy E, Domanus M, Lu C, Duggan R, King J, Scott VE, Donnelly-Roberts D, Slavin A, Gopalakrishnan S, Chung N, Goedken ER. Small Molecule and Pooled CRISPR Screens Investigating IL17 Signaling Identify BRD2 as a Novel Contributor to Keratinocyte Inflammatory Responses. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:857-872. [PMID: 30938974 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL17A) plays a critical role in the development of numerous autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. The clinical success of IL17A neutralizing biologics in psoriasis has underlined its importance as a drug discovery target. While many studies have focused on the differentiation and trafficking of IL17A producing T-helper 17 cells, less is known about IL17A-initiated signaling events in stromal and parenchymal cells leading to psoriatic phenotypes. We sought to discover signaling nodes downstream of IL17A contributing to disease pathogenesis. Using IL17A and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) to stimulate primary human epidermal keratinocytes, we employed two different phenotypic screening approaches. First, a library of ∼22000 annotated compounds was screened for reduced secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine IL8. Second, a library of 729 kinases was screened in a pooled format by utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 and monitoring IL8 intracellular staining. The highest-ranking novel hits identified in both screens were the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins and bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2), respectively. Comparison of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 silencing with siRNA and CRISPR confirmed that BRD2 was responsible for mediating IL8 production. Pan-BRD inhibitors and BRD2 knockout also reduced IL17A/TNF-mediated CXC motif chemokines 1/2/6 (CXCL1/2/6) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) production. In RNA-Seq analysis, 438 IL17A/TNF dependent genes were reduced in BRD2-deficient primary keratinocytes. KEGG pathway analysis of these genes showed enrichment in TNF signaling and rheumatoid arthritis relevant genes. Moreover, a number of genes important for keratinocyte homeostasis and cornification were dysregulated in BRD2-deficient keratinocytes. In IL17A/TNF/IL22 stimulated three-dimensional organotypic raft cultures, pan-BRD inhibition reduced inflammatory factor production but elicited aberrant cornification, consistent with RNA-Seq analysis. These studies highlight a novel role for BRDs and BRD2 in particular in IL17A-mediated inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Slivka
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Chen-Lin Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Alex Lipovsky
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Steven D. Pratt
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John Locklear
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
- PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Marian T. Namovic
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Heath A. McDonald
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Joseph Wetter
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rebecca Edelmayer
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Min Hu
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Erin Murphy
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Marc Domanus
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Charles Lu
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ryan Duggan
- Immuno-Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jacob King
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Victoria E. Scott
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Diana Donnelly-Roberts
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Anthony Slavin
- Immunology Pharmacology, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Sujatha Gopalakrishnan
- Target Enabling Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Namjin Chung
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric R. Goedken
- Discovery Dermatology & Fibrosis, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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145
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Joshi S, Singh AR, Liu KX, Pham TV, Zulcic M, Skola D, Chun HB, Glass CK, Morales GA, Garlich JR, Durden DL. SF2523: Dual PI3K/BRD4 Inhibitor Blocks Tumor Immunosuppression and Promotes Adaptive Immune Responses in Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1036-1044. [PMID: 31018997 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages (MΘs) are key immune infiltrates in solid tumors and serve as major drivers behind tumor growth, immune suppression, and inhibition of adaptive immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein, BRD4, which binds to acetylated lysine on histone tails, has recently been reported to promote gene transcription of proinflammatory cytokines but has rarely been explored for its role in IL4-driven MΘ transcriptional programming and MΘ-mediated immunosuppression in the TME. Herein, we report that BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, blocks association of BRD4 with promoters of arginase and other IL4-driven MΘ genes, which promote immunosuppression in TME. Pharmacologic inhibition of BRD4 using JQ1 and/or PI3K using dual PI3K/BRD4 inhibitor SF2523 (previously reported by our group as a potent inhibitor to block tumor growth and metastasis in various cancer models) suppresses tumor growth in syngeneic and spontaneous murine cancer models; reduces infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells; blocks polarization of immunosuppressive MΘs; restores CD8+ T-cell activity; and stimulates antitumor immune responses. Finally, our results suggest that BRD4 regulates the immunosuppressive myeloid TME, and BET inhibitors and dual PI3K/BRD4 inhibitors are therapeutic strategies for cancers driven by the MΘ-dependent immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Joshi
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Alok R Singh
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Kevin X Liu
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Timothy V Pham
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Muamera Zulcic
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Dylan Skola
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Hyun Bae Chun
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Donald L Durden
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
- SignalRx Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California
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146
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Dey A, Yang W, Gegonne A, Nishiyama A, Pan R, Yagi R, Grinberg A, Finkelman FD, Pfeifer K, Zhu J, Singer D, Zhu J, Ozato K. BRD4 directs hematopoietic stem cell development and modulates macrophage inflammatory responses. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2018100293. [PMID: 30842097 PMCID: PMC6443207 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BRD4 is a BET family protein that binds acetylated histones and regulates transcription. BET/BRD4 inhibitors block blood cancer growth and inflammation and serve as a new therapeutic strategy. However, the biological role of BRD4 in normal hematopoiesis and inflammation is not fully understood. Analysis of Brd4 conditional knockout (KO) mice showed that BRD4 is required for hematopoietic stem cell expansion and progenitor development. Nevertheless, BRD4 played limited roles in macrophage development and inflammatory response to LPS ChIP-seq analysis showed that despite its limited importance, BRD4 broadly occupied the macrophage genome and participated in super-enhancer (SE) formation. Although BRD4 is critical for SE formation in cancer, BRD4 was not required for macrophage SEs, as KO macrophages created alternate, BRD4-less SEs that compensated BRD4 loss. This and additional mechanisms led to the retention of inflammatory responses in macrophages. Our results illustrate a context-dependent role of BRD4 and plasticity of epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Dey
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenjing Yang
- The DNA Sequencing and Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Gegonne
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Pan
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ryoji Yagi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alex Grinberg
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karl Pfeifer
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dinah Singer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- The DNA Sequencing and Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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147
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Wang J, Chen J, Jin H, Lin D, Chen Y, Chen X, Wang B, Hu S, Wu Y, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Tian N, Gao W, Wang X, Zhang X. BRD4 inhibition attenuates inflammatory response in microglia and facilitates recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3214-3223. [PMID: 30809946 PMCID: PMC6484335 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) involves primary injury and secondary injury. For the irreversibility of primary injury, therapies of SCI mainly focus on secondary injury, whereas inflammation is considered to be a major target for secondary injury; however the regulation of inflammation in SCI is unclear and targeted therapies are still lacking. In this study, we found that the expression of BRD4 was correlated with pro‐inflammatory cytokines after SCI in rats; in vitro study in microglia showed that BRD4 inhibition either by lentivirus or JQ1 may both suppress the MAPK and NF‐κB signalling pathways, which are the two major signalling pathways involved in inflammatory response in microglia. BRD4 inhibition by JQ1 not only blocked microglial M1 polarization, but also repressed the level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in microglia in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, BRD4 inhibition by JQ1 can improve functional recovery and structural disorder as well as reduce neuron loss in SCI rats. Overall, this study illustrates that microglial BRD4 level is increased after SCI and BRD4 inhibition is able to suppress M1 polarization and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in microglia which ultimately promotes functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianle Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiming Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ximiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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148
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149
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Ti H, Zhou Y, Liang X, Li R, Ding K, Zhao X. Targeted Treatments for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Using Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs (LMWDs). J Med Chem 2019; 62:5944-5978. [PMID: 30682248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very common and frequently fatal airway disease. Current therapies for COPD depend mainly on long-acting bronchodilators, which cannot target the pathogenic mechanisms of chronic inflammation in COPD. New pharmaceutical therapies for the inflammatory processes of COPD are urgently needed. Several anti-inflammatory targets have been identified based on increased understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD, which raises new hopes for targeted treatment of this fatal respiratory disease. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in bioactive low-molecular-weight drugs (LMWDs) for the treatment of COPD and, in addition to the first-line drug bronchodilators, focus particularly on low-molecular-weight anti-inflammatory agents, including modulators of inflammatory mediators, inflammasome inhibitors, protease inhibitors, antioxidants, PDE4 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, and other agents. We also provide new insights into targeted COPD treatments using LMWDs, particularly small-molecule agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm SE-100 44 , Sweden
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , P. R. China
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150
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van der Krieken SE, Popeijus HE, Bendik I, Böhlendorf B, Konings MCJM, Tayyeb J, Mensink RP, Plat J. Large-Scale Screening of Natural Products Transactivating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Identifies 9S-Hydroxy-10E,12Z,15Z-Octadecatrienoic Acid and Cymarin as Potential Compounds Capable of Increasing Apolipoprotein A-I Transcription in Hum. Lipids 2019; 53:1021-1030. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. van der Krieken
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences; Maastricht University; PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Herman E. Popeijus
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences; Maastricht University; PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Igor Bendik
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Research and Development, Human Nutrition and Health; PO Box 2676, Basel Switzerland
| | - Bettina Böhlendorf
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Research and Development, Human Nutrition and Health; PO Box 2676, Basel Switzerland
| | - Maurice C. J. M. Konings
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences; Maastricht University; PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Jehad Tayyeb
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences; Maastricht University; PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences; Maastricht University; PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences; Maastricht University; PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht The Netherlands
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