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Martin C, Espaillat MP, Santiago-Schwarz F. IL-10 restricts dendritic cell (DC) growth at the monocyte-to-monocyte-derived DC interface by disrupting anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective autophagic molecular machinery. Immunol Res 2016; 63:131-43. [PMID: 26395023 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An evolving premise is that cytoprotective autophagy responses are essential to monocyte-macrophage differentiation. Whether autophagy functions similarly during the monocyte-to-dendritic cell (DC) transition is unclear. IL-10, which induces apoptosis in maturing human DCs, has been shown to inhibit starvation-induced autophagy in murine macrophage cell lines. Based on the strict requirement that Bcl-2-mediated anti-apoptotic processes are implemented during the monocyte-to-DC transition, we hypothesized that cytoprotective autophagy responses also operate at the monocyte-DC interface and that IL-10 inhibits both anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective autophagy responses at this critical juncture. In support of our premise, we show that levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and autophagy-associated LC3 and Beclin-1 proteins are coincidentally upregulated during the monocyte-to-DC transition. Autophagy was substantiated by increased autophagosome visualization after bafilomycin treatment. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA restricted DC differentiation by prompting apoptosis. IL-10 implemented apoptosis that was coincidentally associated with reduced levels of Bcl-2 and widespread disruption of the autophagic flux. During peak apoptosis, IL-10 produced the death of newly committed DCs. However, cells surviving the IL-10 apoptotic schedule were highly phagocytic macrophage-like cells displaying reduced capacity to stimulate allogeneic naïve T cells in a mixed leukocyte reaction, increased levels of LC3, and mature autophagosomes. Thus, IL-10's negative control of DC-driven adaptive immunity at the monocyte-DC interface includes disruption of coordinately regulated molecular networks involved in pro-survival autophagy and anti-apoptotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martin
- Biology Department, Farmingdale State College, State University of New York, Farmingdale, NY, 11735, USA
| | - Mel Pilar Espaillat
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Frances Santiago-Schwarz
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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102
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The Transcriptional Repressor Polycomb Group Factor 6, PCGF6, Negatively Regulates Dendritic Cell Activation and Promotes Quiescence. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1829-37. [PMID: 27498878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory signals provided by the microenvironment are critical to activate dendritic cells (DCs), components of the innate immune system that shape both innate and adaptive immunity. However, to prevent inappropriate immune activation, mechanisms must be in place to restrain DC activation to ensure DCs are activated only once sufficient stimuli have been received. Here, we report that DC activation and immunogenicity are regulated by the transcriptional repressor Polycomb group factor 6 (PCGF6). Pcgf6 is rapidly downregulated upon stimulation, and this downregulation is necessary to permit full DC activation. Silencing PCGF6 expression enhanced both spontaneous and stimulated DC activation. We show that PCGF6 associates with the H3K4me3 demethylase JARID1c, and together, they negatively regulate H3K4me3 levels in DCs. Our results identify two key regulators, PCGF6 and JARID1c that temper DC activation and implicate active transcriptional silencing via histone demethylation as a previously unappreciated mechanism for regulating DC activation and quiescence.
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103
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Jammal MP, Martins-Filho A, Silveira TP, Murta EFC, Nomelini RS. Cytokines and Prognostic Factors in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2016; 10:71-6. [PMID: 27512342 PMCID: PMC4973765 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s38333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer has a high mortality and delayed diagnosis. Inflammation is a risk factor for ovarian cancer, and the inflammatory response is involved in almost all stages of tumor development. Immunohistochemical staining in stroma and epithelium of a panel of cytokines in benign and malignant ovarian neoplasm was evaluated. In addition, immunostaining was related to prognostic factors in malignant tumors. METHOD The study group comprised 28 ovarian benign neoplasias and 28 ovarian malignant neoplasms. A panel of cytokines was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (Th1: IL-2 and IL-8; Th2: IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10; and TNFR1). Chi-square test with Yates' correction was used, which was considered significant if less than 0.05. RESULTS TNFR1, IL-5, and IL-10 had more frequent immunostaining 2/3 in benign neoplasms compared with malignant tumors. Malignant tumors had more frequent immunostaining 2/3 for IL-2 in relation to benign tumors. The immunostaining 0/1 of IL 8 was more frequent in the stroma of benign neoplasms compared with malignant neoplasms. Evaluation of the ovarian cancer stroma showed that histological grade 3 was significantly correlated with staining 2/3 for IL-2 (P = 0.004). Women whose disease-free survival was less than 2.5 years had TNFR1 stromal staining 2/3 (P = 0.03) more frequently. CONCLUSION IL-2 and TNFR1 stromal immunostaining are related prognostic factors in ovarian cancer and can be the target of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millena Prata Jammal
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Agrimaldo Martins-Filho
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Thales Parenti Silveira
- Discipline of Special Pathology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Eddie Fernando Candido Murta
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosekeila Simões Nomelini
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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104
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Peñaloza HF, Schultz BM, Nieto PA, Salazar GA, Suazo I, Gonzalez PA, Riedel CA, Alvarez-Lobos MM, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Opposing roles of IL-10 in acute bacterial infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 32:17-30. [PMID: 27522641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is recognized as an anti-inflammatory cytokine that downmodulates inflammatory immune responses at multiple levels. In innate cells, production of this cytokine is usually triggered after pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) engagement by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patters (DAMPs), as well as by other soluble factors. Importantly, IL-10 is frequently secreted during acute bacterial infections and has been described to play a key role in infection resolution, although its effects can significantly vary depending on the infecting bacterium. While the production of IL-10 might favor host survival in some cases, it may also result harmful for the host in other circumstances, as it can prevent appropriate bacterial clearance. In this review we discuss the role of IL-10 in bacterial clearance and propose that this cytokine is required to recover from infection caused by extracellular or highly pro-inflammatory bacteria. Altogether, we propose that IL-10 drives excessive suppression of the immune response upon infection with intracellular bacteria or in non-inflammatory bacterial infections, which ultimately favors bacterial persistence and dissemination within the host. Thus, the nature of the bacterium causing infection is an important factor that needs to be taken into account when considering new immunotherapies that consist on the modulation of inflammation, such as IL-10. Indeed, induction of this cytokine may significantly improve the host's immune response to certain bacteria when antibiotics are not completely effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Barbara M Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Pamela A Nieto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Geraldyne A Salazar
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Isidora Suazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo A Gonzalez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
| | - Manuel M Alvarez-Lobos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.
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105
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Gil-Jaramillo N, Motta FN, Favali CBF, Bastos IMD, Santana JM. Dendritic Cells: A Double-Edged Sword in Immune Responses during Chagas Disease. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1076. [PMID: 27471496 PMCID: PMC4943928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important member of the antigen presenting cells group due to their ability to recognize antigen at the infection site and their high specialized antigen internalization capacity. These cells have central role in connecting the innate and adaptive immune responses against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. These first line defense cells modulate host immune response depending on type, maturation level, cytokine milieu and DC receptor involved in the interactions with T. cruzi, influencing the development of the disease clinic forms. Here, we present a review of DCs-T. cruzi interactions both in human and murine models, pointing out the parasite ability to manipulate DCs activity for the purpose of evading innate immune response and assuring its own survival and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gil-Jaramillo
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Flávia N. Motta
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Cecília B. F. Favali
- Laboratório de Biologia do Gene, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Izabela M. D. Bastos
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Jaime M. Santana
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
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106
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Clark SE, Filak HC, Guthrie BS, Schmidt RL, Jamieson A, Merkel P, Knight V, Cole CM, Raulet DH, Lenz LL. Bacterial Manipulation of NK Cell Regulatory Activity Increases Susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005708. [PMID: 27295349 PMCID: PMC4905663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells produce interferon (IFN)-γ and thus have been suggested to promote type I immunity during bacterial infections. Yet, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and some other pathogens encode proteins that cause increased NK cell activation. Here, we show that stimulation of NK cell activation increases susceptibility during Lm infection despite and independent from robust NK cell production of IFNγ. The increased susceptibility correlated with IL-10 production by responding NK cells. NK cells produced IL-10 as their IFNγ production waned and the Lm virulence protein p60 promoted induction of IL-10 production by mouse and human NK cells. NK cells consequently exerted regulatory effects to suppress accumulation and activation of inflammatory myeloid cells. Our results reveal new dimensions of the role played by NK cells during Lm infection and demonstrate the ability of this bacterial pathogen to exploit the induction of regulatory NK cell activity to increase host susceptibility. Natural killer (NK) cells are an innate immune cell population known to promote antiviral immunity through cytolysis and production of cytokines. Yet, some pathogens encode proteins that cause increased NK cell activation. Here, using a model of systemic infection by the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), we show that NK cell activation increases host susceptibility. Activated NK cells increased bacterial burdens in infected tissues despite their early production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFNγ. We found that the ability of NK cells to exacerbate infection was independent from their production of IFNγ and instead due to subsequent production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. A single bacterial protein, p60, was sufficient to elicit NK cell production of both early IFNγ and delayed IL-10. IL-10-production by NK cells has been shown to occur in other systems, but our studies are first to show how this “regulatory” response impacts the course of a bacterial infection. We found that IL-10 producing NK cells suppress accumulation and activation of inflammatory myeloid cells. Our studies suggest that the exploitation of NK cell regulatory activity provides selective pressure for the evolution of pathogen proteins that promote NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Clark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Holly C. Filak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Brandon S. Guthrie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Amanda Jamieson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia Merkel
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Vijaya Knight
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Caroline M. Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David H. Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Laurel L. Lenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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107
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Eslami S, Hadjati J, Motevaseli E, Mirzaei R, Farashi Bonab S, Ansaripour B, Khoramizadeh MR. Lactobacillus crispatus strain SJ-3C-US induces human dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and confers an anti-inflammatory phenotype to DCs. APMIS 2016; 124:697-710. [PMID: 27245496 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus crispatus is one of the most predominant species in the healthy vagina microbiota. Nevertheless, the interactions between this commensal bacterium and the immune system are largely unknown. Given the importance of the dendritic cells (DCs) in the regulation of the immunity, this study was performed to elucidate the influence of vaginal isolated L. crispatus SJ-3C-US from healthy Iranian women on DCs, either directly by exposure of DCs to ultraviolet-inactivated (UVI) and heat-killed (HK) L. crispatus SJ-3C-US or indirectly to its cell-free supernatant (CFS), and the outcomes of immune response. In this work we showed that L. crispatus SJ-3C-US induced strong dose-dependent activation of dendritic cells and production of high levels of IL-10, whereas IL-12p70 production was induced at low level in an inverse dose-dependent manner. This stimulation skewed T cells polarization toward CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) Treg cells and production of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner in mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) test. The mode of bacterial inactivation did not affect the DCs activation pattern, upon encounter with L. crispatus SJ-3C-US. Moreover, while DCs stimulated with CFS showed moderate phenotypic maturation and IL-10 production, it failed to skew T cells polarization toward CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) and production of IL-10. This study showed that L. crispatus SJ-3C-US confers an anti-inflammatory phenotype to DCs through up-regulation of anti-inflammatory/regulatory IL-10 cytokine production and induction of CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) T cells at optimal dosage. Our findings suggest that L. crispatus SJ-3C-US could be a potent candidate as protective probiotic against human immune-mediated pathologies, such as chronic inflammation, vaginitis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Solat Eslami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Farashi Bonab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Ansaripour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khoramizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, EMRI, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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108
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Nizzoli G, Larghi P, Paroni M, Crosti MC, Moro M, Neddermann P, Caprioli F, Pagani M, De Francesco R, Abrignani S, Geginat J. IL-10 promotes homeostatic proliferation of human CD8(+) memory T cells and, when produced by CD1c(+) DCs, shapes naive CD8(+) T-cell priming. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1622-32. [PMID: 27129615 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits maturation and cytokine production of dendritic cells (DCs). Although mature DCs have the unique capacity to prime CD8(+) CTL, IL-10 can promote CTL responses. To understand these paradoxic findings, we analyzed the role of IL-10 produced by human APC subsets in T-cell responses. IL-10 production was restricted to CD1c(+) DCs and CD14(+) monocytes. Interestingly, it was differentially regulated, since R848 induced IL-10 in DCs, but inhibited IL-10 in monocytes. Autocrine IL-10 had only a weak inhibitory effect on DC maturation, cytokine production, and CTL priming with high-affinity peptides. Nevertheless, it completely blocked cross-priming and priming with low-affinity peptides of a self/tumor-antigen. IL-10 also inhibited CD1c(+) DC-induced CD4(+) T-cell priming and enhanced Foxp3 induction, but was insufficient to induce T-cell IL-10 production. CD1c(+) DC-derived IL-10 had also no effect on DC-induced secondary expansions of memory CTL. However, IL-15-driven, TCR-independent proliferation of memory CTL was enhanced by IL-10. We conclude that DC-derived IL-10 selects high-affinity CTL upon priming. Moreover, IL-10 preserves established CTL memory by enhancing IL-15-dependent homeostatic proliferation. These combined effects on CTL priming and memory maintenance provide a plausible mechanism how IL-10 promotes CTL responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nizzoli
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Larghi
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Moira Paroni
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Crosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Moro
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Petra Neddermann
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unità Operativa di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,DISCCO, Dipartimento di Scienze cliniche e di comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
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Regulation of Gag- and Env-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses in ART-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients: Potential Implications for Individualized Immunotherapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153849. [PMID: 27128502 PMCID: PMC4851414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to develop a functional cure for HIV infection will likely require boosting of effector T cell responses to eliminate reactivated, latently infected cells. We have recently explored an assay for assessing antigen-specific regulation of T cell proliferation, which was related to clinical progression in untreated patients and to vaccine efficacy in two trials of therapeutic Gag-based vaccines. We here expand the same assay to further investigate regulation mediated by various inhibitory pathways. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 26 asymptomatic HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients were stimulated with Gag and Env overlapping peptide panels for 5 days. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking inhibitory mediators interleukin (IL) 10, transforming growth factor (TGF) β, programmed death ligand (PD–L) 1 and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) were added to parallel cultures. Functional T cell regulation (FTR) was defined as the difference in proliferation between stimulated cultures with and without blocking mAbs. FTR was detected in 54% of patients. Blockade of IL-10/PD-L1 and IL10/TGF-β detected all cases with Gag- and Env-associated FTR, respectively. In accordance with previous findings, isolated Env FTR was associated with higher plasma HIV RNA and lower CD4 counts, while patients with both Gag and Env FTR also had higher Gag- and Env-specific proliferative CD8+ T cell responses. There was no association between FTR and frequencies of activated regulatory T cells. In conclusion, we observed substantial heterogeneity in FTR between patients, inhibitory pathways and HIV antigens. FTR may help to individualize immunomodulation and warrants further assessment in clinical immunotherapy trials.
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110
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Wang S, Gao X, Shen G, Wang W, Li J, Zhao J, Wei YQ, Edwards CK. Interleukin-10 deficiency impairs regulatory T cell-derived neuropilin-1 functions and promotes Th1 and Th17 immunity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24249. [PMID: 27075020 PMCID: PMC4831052 DOI: 10.1038/srep24249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expand in peripheral lymphoid organs and can produce immunosuppressive cytokines to support tumor growth. IL-10 abrogation efficiently induces Treg formation but dampens tumoral neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) Treg signaling, which simultaneously augments Th1 and Th17 immunity. These effects are associated with the plasticity and stability of Tregs and effector T cell functions that can limit tumorigenesis. Within the tumor microenvironment, there appears to be a “mutual antagonism” between immunoenhancement and immunosuppression mechanisms, eventually leading to decreased metastasis. In contrast, tumor progression is paralleled by a reduction in Nrp-1-producing Tregs controlled by the IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels. However, Th1, Th17 and Treg immunity is primarily regulated by IL-10 or Nrp-1 and not TGF-β1 except when combined with IL-10. These results emphasize the important implications for the therapeutic use of Tregs. The number of Treg cells must be maintained in a healthy and dynamic homeostatic range to prevent malignant diseases. Moreover, Treg-mediated immunosuppression can be limited by reducing tumor-derived Treg Nrp-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Guobo Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Carl K Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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Katiyar SK. Dietary proanthocyanidins inhibit UV radiation-induced skin tumor development through functional activation of the immune system. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1374-82. [PMID: 26991736 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer is equivalent to the incidence of malignancies in all other organs combined. The main risk factor for this disease is overexposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV irradiation induces inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and suppression of the immune system in the skin, which together contribute to carcinogenesis. The use of dietary phytochemicals shows great promise as a complementary and alternative strategy for skin cancer prevention. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) have been tested extensively for their anti-skin cancer effect using in vivo animal models. Supplementation of an AIN76A control diet with GSPs (0.2 and 0.5%, w/w) significantly inhibits UV radiation-induced skin tumor development as well as malignant transformation of papillomas to carcinoma in mice. The inhibition of UVB-induced skin tumor development by GSPs is mediated through interrelated mechanisms of action including: (i) inhibition of inflammation, (ii) rapid repair of damaged DNA, and (iii) stimulation of immune system. Additionally, the chemopreventive effects of GSPs involve DNA repair-dependent functional activation of antigen-presenting cells and stimulation of CD8(+) effector T cells. These effects of GSPs could be useful in attenuation of the adverse effects of UV radiation and may have health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Katiyar
- Departments of Dermatology and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center and Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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112
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Rainone V, Martelli C, Ottobrini L, Biasin M, Borelli M, Lucignani G, Trabattoni D, Clerici M. Immunological Characterization of Whole Tumour Lysate-Loaded Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146622. [PMID: 26795765 PMCID: PMC4721657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dendritic cells play a key role as initiators of T-cell responses, and even if tumour antigen-loaded dendritic cells can induce anti-tumour responses, their efficacy has been questioned, suggesting a need to enhance immunization strategies. MATHERIALS & METHODS We focused on the characterization of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with whole tumour lysate (TAA-DC), as a source of known and unknown antigens, in a mouse model of breast cancer (MMTV-Ras). Dendritic cells were evaluated for antigen uptake and for the expression of MHC class I/II and costimulatory molecules and markers associated with maturation. RESULTS Results showed that antigen-loaded dendritic cells are characterized by a phenotypically semi-mature/mature profile and by the upregulation of genes involved in antigen presentation and T-cell priming. Activated dendritic cells stimulated T-cell proliferation and induced the production of high concentrations of IL-12p70 and IFN-γ but only low levels of IL-10, indicating their ability to elicit a TH1-immune response. Furthermore, administration of Antigen loaded-Dendritic Cells in MMTV-Ras mice evoked a strong anti-tumour response in vivo as demonstrated by a general activation of immunocompetent cells and the release of TH1 cytokines. CONCLUSION Data herein could be useful in the design of antitumoral DC-based therapies, showing a specific activation of immune system against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rainone
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Chair of Immunology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging—IMAGO, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging—IMAGO, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Biasin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Chair of Immunology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Borelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Chair of Immunology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging—IMAGO, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Departments of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Chair of Immunology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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113
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Xu XY, Li HJ, Zhang LY, Lu X, Zuo DM, Shan GQ, Xu TY, Chen ZL. Mannan-binding lectin at supraphysiological concentrations inhibits differentiation of dendritic cells from human CD14+monocytes. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:724-34. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Xu
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Avenue North 1838 Guangdong China
| | - Hui-Jie Li
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Avenue North 1838 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Avenue North 1838 Guangdong China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Avenue North 1838 Guangdong China
| | - Da-Ming Zuo
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Avenue North 1838 Guangdong China
| | - Gui-Qiu Shan
- Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command; Liuhua Road 111 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Tian-Yu Xu
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Avenue North 1838 Guangdong China
| | - Zheng-Liang Chen
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Avenue North 1838 Guangdong China
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114
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Raker VK, Domogalla MP, Steinbrink K. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells for Regulatory T Cell Induction in Man. Front Immunol 2015; 6:569. [PMID: 26617604 PMCID: PMC4638142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized professional antigen-presenting cells that regulate immune responses, maintaining the balance between tolerance and immunity. Mechanisms via which they can promote central and peripheral tolerance include clonal deletion, the inhibition of memory T cell responses, T cell anergy, and induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). These properties have led to the analysis of human tolerogenic DCs as a therapeutic strategy for the induction or re-establishment of tolerance. In recent years, numerous protocols for the generation of human tolerogenic DCs have been developed and their tolerogenic mechanisms, including induction of Tregs, are relatively well understood. Phase I trials have been conducted in autoimmune disease, with results that emphasize the feasibility and safety of treatments with tolerogenic DCs. Therefore, the scientific rationale for the use of tolerogenic DCs therapy in the fields of transplantation medicine and allergic and autoimmune diseases is strong. This review will give an overview on efforts and protocols to generate human tolerogenic DCs with focus on IL-10-modulated DCs as inducers of Tregs and discuss their clinical applications and challenges faced in further developing this form of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Matthias P Domogalla
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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115
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Abstract
The therapeutic potential of dendritic cell (DC) cancer vaccines has gained momentum in recent years. However, clinical data indicate that antitumor immune responses generally fail to translate into measurable tumor regression. This has been ascribed to a variety of tolerance mechanisms, one of which is the expression of immunosuppressive factors by DCs and T cells. With respect to cancer immunotherapies, these factors antagonise the ability to induce robust and sustained immunity required for tumor cell eradication. Gene silencing of immunosuppressive factors in either DCs or adoptive transferred T cells enhanced anti-tumor immune responses and significantly inhibited tumor growth. Therefore, engineered next generation of DC vaccines or adoptive T-cell therapy should include immunomodulatory siRNAs to release the "brakes" imposed by the immune system. Moreover, the combination of gene silencing, antigen targeting to DCs and cytoplasmic cargo delivery will improve clinical benefits.
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Key Words
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- CMV, human cytomegalovirus
- CTLA4, T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4
- DC, Dendritic cells
- Gal, galectin hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase
- IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- IL, interleukin
- INF, interferon
- NK, natural killer
- PD1, programmed cell death
- RNA interference
- RNAi, RNA interference
- SOCS1, suppressor of cytokine signaling
- STAT, Signal transducer and activator of transcription
- T-cell therapy
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TLR, toll like receptor
- Treg, Regulatory T
- cancer vaccine
- gene silencing
- immunotherapy
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- targeted therapies
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouldy Sioud
- a Department of Immunology; Institute for Cancer Research ; Oslo University Hospital ; Montebello , Norway
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116
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Chong WP, van Panhuys N, Chen J, Silver PB, Jittayasothorn Y, Mattapallil MJ, Germain RN, Caspi RR. NK-DC crosstalk controls the autopathogenic Th17 response through an innate IFN-γ-IL-27 axis. J Exp Med 2015; 212:1739-52. [PMID: 26347474 PMCID: PMC4577839 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ is a pathogenic cytokine involved in inflammation. Paradoxically, its deficiency exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, uveitis, and arthritis. Here, we demonstrate using IFN-γ(-/-) mice repleted with IFN-γ +/+: NK cells that innate production of IFN-γ from NK cells is necessary and sufficient to trigger an endogenous regulatory circuit that limits autoimmunity. After immunization, DCs recruited IFN-γ-producing NK cells to the draining lymph node and interacted with them in a CXCR3-dependent fashion. The interaction caused DCs to produce IL-27, which in turn enhanced IFN-γ production by NK cells, forming a self-amplifying positive feedback loop. IL-10, produced by the interacting cells themselves, was able to limit this process. The NK-DC-dependent IL-27 inhibited development of the adaptive pathogenic IL-17 response and induced IL-10-producing Tr1-like cells, which ameliorated disease in an IL-10-dependent manner. Our data reveal that an early NK-DC interaction controls the adaptive Th17 response and limits tissue-specific autoimmunity through an innate IFN-γ-IL-27 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Po Chong
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nicholas van Panhuys
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Phyllis B Silver
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yingyos Jittayasothorn
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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117
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Kanai T, Mikami Y, Hayashi A. A breakthrough in probiotics: Clostridium butyricum regulates gut homeostasis and anti-inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:928-39. [PMID: 25940150 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal immune homeostasis is regulated by gut microbiota, including beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms. Imbalance in gut bacterial constituents provokes host proinflammatory responses causing diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The development of next-generation sequencing technology allows the identification of microbiota alterations in IBD. Several studies have shown reduced diversity in the gut microbiota of patients with IBD. Advances in gnotobiotic technology have made possible analysis of the role of specific bacterial strains in immune cells in the intestine. Using these techniques, we have shown that Clostridium butyricum as a probiotic induces interleukin-10-producing macrophages in inflamed mucosa via the Toll-like receptor 2/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 pathway to prevent acute experimental colitis. In this review, we focus on the new approaches for the role of specific bacterial strains in immunological responses, as well as the potential of bacterial therapy for IBD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan,
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118
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Soukup K, Halfmann A, Le Bras M, Sahin E, Vittori S, Poyer F, Schuh C, Luger R, Niederreiter B, Haider T, Stoiber D, Blüml S, Schabbauer G, Kotlyarov A, Gaestel M, Felzmann T, Dohnal AM. The MAPK-Activated Kinase MK2 Attenuates Dendritic Cell-Mediated Th1 Differentiation and Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:541-52. [PMID: 26078274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-mediated inflammation induced via TLRs is promoted by MAPK-activated protein kinase (MK)-2, a substrate of p38 MAPK. In this study we show an opposing role of MK2, by which it consolidates immune regulatory functions in DCs through modulation of p38, ERK1/2-MAPK, and STAT3 signaling. During primary TLR/p38 signaling, MK2 mediates the inhibition of p38 activation and positively cross-regulates ERK1/2 activity, leading to a reduction of IL-12 and IL-1α/β secretion. Consequently, MK2 impairs secondary autocrine IL-1α signaling in DCs, which further decreases the IL-1α/p38 but increases the anti-inflammatory IL-10/STAT3 signaling route. Therefore, the blockade of MK2 activity enables human and murine DCs to strengthen proinflammatory effector mechanisms by promoting IL-1α-mediated Th1 effector functions in vitro. Furthermore, MK2-deficient DCs trigger Th1 differentiation and Ag-specific cytotoxicity in vivo. Finally, wild-type mice immunized with LPS in the presence of an MK2 inhibitor strongly accumulate Th1 cells in their lymph nodes. These observations correlate with a severe clinical course in DC-specific MK2 knockout mice compared with wild-type littermates upon induction of experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Our data suggest that MK2 exerts a profound anti-inflammatory effect that prevents DCs from prolonging excessive Th1 effector T cell functions and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Soukup
- Department of Immunology, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Halfmann
- Department of Immunology, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Le Bras
- Department of Immunology, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emine Sahin
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Vittori
- Department of Immunology, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fiona Poyer
- Department of Immunology, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Schuh
- Department of Immunology, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Luger
- Department of Immunology, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Niederreiter
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Haider
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexey Kotlyarov
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; and
| | | | - Alexander M Dohnal
- Department of Immunology, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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119
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Amar Y, Rizzello V, Cavaliere R, Campana S, De Pasquale C, Barberi C, Oliveri D, Pezzino G, Costa G, Meddah AT, Ferlazzo G, Bonaccorsi I. Divergent signaling pathways regulate IL-12 production induced by different species of Lactobacilli in human dendritic cells. Immunol Lett 2015; 166:6-12. [PMID: 25977118 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that different strains of Lactobacilli differ in their ability to regulate IL-12 production by dendritic cells (DCs), as some strains are stronger inducer of IL-12 while other are not and can even inhibit IL-12 production stimulated by IL-12-inducer Lactobacilli. In this report we demonstrate that Lactobacillus reuteri 5289, as previously described for other strains of L. reuteri, can inhibit DC production of IL-12 induced by Lactobacilllus acidophilus NCFM. Remarkably, L. reuteri 5289 was able to inhibit IL-12 production induced not only by Lactobacilli, as so far reported, but also by bacteria of different genera, including pathogens. We investigated in human DCs the signal transduction pathways involved in the inhibition of IL-12 production induced by L. reuteri 5289, showing that this potential anti-inflammatory activity, which is also accompanied by an elevated IL-10 production, is associated to a prolonged phosphorilation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway. Improved understanding of the immune regulatory mechanisms exerted by Lactobacilli is crucial for a more precise employment of these commensal bacteria as probiotics in human immune-mediated pathologies, such as allergies or inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Amar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Laboratory of Bioconversion Engineering and Microbiological Food Safety, Department of Biology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
| | - Valeria Rizzello
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cavaliere
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Therapy Program, University Hospital-A.O.U. Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Campana
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia De Pasquale
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Barberi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Oliveri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetana Pezzino
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gregorio Costa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Therapy Program, University Hospital-A.O.U. Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Aicha Tirtouil Meddah
- Laboratory of Bioconversion Engineering and Microbiological Food Safety, Department of Biology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Therapy Program, University Hospital-A.O.U. Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
| | - Irene Bonaccorsi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Therapy Program, University Hospital-A.O.U. Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy
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120
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Dendritic cells subsets mediated immune response during Plasmodium berghei ANKA and Plasmodium yoelii infection. Cytokine 2015; 73:198-206. [PMID: 25792277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The roles of dendritic cells (DCs) in mediating immunity against Plasmodium infection have been extensively investigated, but immune response during pathogenesis of malaria is still poorly understood. In the present study, we compared the splenic DCs phenotype and function during P. berghei ANKA (PbA) or P. yoelii (P. yoelii) infection in Swiss mice. We observed that PbA-infected mice developed more myeloid and mature DCs capable of secreting IL-12, while P. yoelii-infected mice had more plasmacytoid and immature DCs secreting higher levels of IL-10. Expression of FoxP3, IL-17, TGF-β and IL-6 were also different between these two infections. Thus, these results suggest that the phenotypic and functional subsets of splenic DCs are key factors for regulating immune responses to PbA and P. yoelii infections.
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121
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Zabaleta A, D'Avola D, Echeverria I, Llopiz D, Silva L, Villanueva L, Riezu-Boj JI, Larrea E, Pereboev A, Lasarte JJ, Rodriguez-Lago I, Iñarrairaegui M, Sangro B, Prieto J, Sarobe P. Clinical testing of a dendritic cell targeted therapeutic vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15006. [PMID: 26029717 PMCID: PMC4444996 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lack of antiviral cellular immune responses in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection suggests that T-cell vaccines may provide therapeutic benefit. Due to the central role that dendritic cells (DC) play in the activation of T-cell responses, our aim was to carry out a therapeutic vaccination clinical trial in HCV patients using DC. Five patients with chronic HCV infection were vaccinated with three doses of 5 × 106 or 107 autologous DC transduced with a recombinant adenovirus encoding NS3 using the adapter protein CFh40L, which facilitates DC transduction and maturation. No significant adverse effects were recorded after vaccination. Treatment caused no changes in serum liver enzymes nor in viral load. Vaccination induced weak but consistent expansion of T-cell responses against NS3 and adenoviral antigens. Patients’ DC, as opposed to murine DC or DC from healthy subjects, secreted high IL-10 levels after transduction, inducing the activation of IL-10–producing T cells. IL-10 blockade during vaccine preparation restored its ability to stimulate anti-NS3 Th1 responses. Thus, vaccination with adenovirus-transduced DC is safe and induces weak antiviral immune responses. IL-10 associated with vaccine preparation may be partly responsible for these effects, suggesting that future vaccines should consider concomitant inhibition of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aintzane Zabaleta
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Delia D'Avola
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Echeverria
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diana Llopiz
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leyre Silva
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorea Villanueva
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Larrea
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alexander Pereboev
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain ; Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iago Rodriguez-Lago
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Iñarrairaegui
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sarobe
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA) , Pamplona, Spain
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Hübel J, Hieronymus T. HGF/Met-Signaling Contributes to Immune Regulation by Modulating Tolerogenic and Motogenic Properties of Dendritic Cells. Biomedicines 2015; 3:138-148. [PMID: 28536404 PMCID: PMC5344228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-signaling via Met can induce mitogenic, morphogenic, and motogenic activity in various cell types. Met expression in the immune system is limited to cells with antigen-presenting capacities, including dendritic cells (DCs). Thus, it appears highly conceivable that Met-signaling impacts on adaptive immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which HGF imparts its effects on immunological responses are not yet fully understood. DCs possess unique functionalities that are critically involved in controlling both tolerance and immunity. HGF conveys immunoregulatory functions, which strongly correlate with that of DCs orchestrating the apt immune response in inflammation. Therefore, this review focuses on the current knowledge of Met-signaling in DCs with specific emphasis on the morphogenic and motogenic activities. HGF has been identified to play a role in peripheral immune tolerance by directing DC differentiation towards a tolerogenic phenotype. In skin immunity, Met-signaling was shown to drive mobilization of DCs by regulating matrix metalloproteinase activities. This is strikingly reminiscent of the role of Met for regulating a cell fate program during embryonic development, wound healing, and in tumor invasion known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Thus, the concept emerges that an EMT program is executed by Met-signaling in DCs, which will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hübel
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hieronymus
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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123
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Vazquez MI, Catalan-Dibene J, Zlotnik A. B cells responses and cytokine production are regulated by their immune microenvironment. Cytokine 2015; 74:318-26. [PMID: 25742773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system consists of two types of lymphocytes: T and B cells. These two lymphocytes originate from a common precursor, yet are fundamentally different with B cells mediating humoral immunity while T cells mediate cell mediated immunity. In cytokine production, naïve T cells produce multiple cytokines upon activation while naïve activated B cells do not. B cells are capable of producing cytokines, but their cytokine production depends on their differentiation state and activation conditions. Hence, unlike T cells that can produce a large amount of cytokines upon activation, B cells require specific differentiation and activation conditions to produce cytokines. Many cytokines act on B cells as well. Here, we discuss several cytokines and their effects on B cells including: Interleukins, IL-7, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and Interferons, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ. These cytokines play important roles in the development, survival, differentiation and/or proliferation of B cells. Certain chemokines also play important roles in B cell function, namely antibody production. As an example, we discuss CCL28, a chemokine that directs the migration of plasma cells to mucosal sites. We conclude with a brief overview of B cells as cytokine producers and their likely functional consequences on the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica I Vazquez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jovani Catalan-Dibene
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Albert Zlotnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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124
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Hepatocyte growth factor: A regulator of inflammation and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 14:293-303. [PMID: 25476732 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been extensively studied over several decades, but was only recently recognized as a key player in mediating protection of many types of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. HGF was reported to prevent and attenuate disease progression by influencing multiple pathophysiological processes involved in inflammatory and immune response, including cell migration, maturation, cytokine production, antigen presentation, and T cell effector function. In this review, we discuss the actions and mechanisms of HGF in inflammation and immunity and the therapeutic potential of this factor for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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125
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Rizzuti D, Ang M, Sokollik C, Wu T, Abdullah M, Greenfield L, Fattouh R, Reardon C, Tang M, Diao J, Schindler C, Cattral M, Jones NL. Helicobacter pylori inhibits dendritic cell maturation via interleukin-10-mediated activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. J Innate Immun 2014; 7:199-211. [PMID: 25412627 DOI: 10.1159/000368232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects the human gastric mucosa causing a chronic infection that is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer development. Recent studies demonstrate that H. pylori promotes tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC) development indicating that this bacterium evades the host immune response. However, the signaling pathways involved in modulating DC activation during infection remain unclear. Here, we report that H. pylori infection activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and splenic DCs isolated ex vivo. Isogenic cagA-, cagE-, vacA- and urease-mutants exhibited levels of phosphoSTAT3 that were comparable to in the wild-type (WT) parent strain. H. pylori-infected BMDCs produced increased immunosuppressive IL-10, which activated STAT3 in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. Neutralization of IL-10 prevented H. pylori-mediated STAT3 activation in both BMDCs and splenic DCs. In addition, anti-IL-10 treatment of infected H. pylori-BMDCs was associated with increased CD86 and MHC II expression and enhanced proinflammatory IL-1β cytokine secretion. Finally, increased CD86 and MHC II expression was detected in H. pylori-infected STAT3 knockout DCs when compared to WT controls. Together, these results demonstrate that H. pylori infection induces IL-10 secretion in DCs, which activates STAT3, thereby modulating DC maturation and reducing IL-1β secretion. These findings identify a host molecular mechanism by which H. pylori can manipulate the innate immune response to potentially favor chronic infection and promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rizzuti
- Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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126
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Langers I, Renoux V, Reschner A, Touzé A, Coursaget P, Boniver J, Koch J, Delvenne P, Jacobs N. Natural killer and dendritic cells collaborate in the immune response induced by the vaccine against uterine cervical cancer. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3585-95. [PMID: 25229656 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) of human papillomavirus (HPV) are used as a vaccine against HPV-induced cancer, and recently we have shown that these VLPs are able to activate natural killer (NK) cells. Since NK cells collaborate with dendritic cells (DCs) to induce an immune response against viral infections and tumors, we studied the impact of this crosstalk in the context of HPV vaccination. NK cells in the presence of HPV-VLPs enhanced DC-maturation as shown by an upregulation of CD86 and HLA-DR and an increased production of IL-12p70, but not of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. This activation was bidirectional. Indeed, in the presence of HPV-VLPs, DCs further activated NK cells by inducing the upregulation of cell surface activation markers (CD69 and HLA-DR). The function of NK cells was also improved as shown by an increase in IFN-γ secretion and cytotoxic activity against an HPV(+) cell line. This crosstalk between NK cells and DCs needed CD40 interaction and IL-12p70 secretion, whereas NKG2D was not implicated. Our results provide insight into how VLPs interact with innate immune cells and how NK cells and DCs play a role in the immune response induced by this vaccine agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Langers
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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127
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Glycans expressed on Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens are important for anti-inflamatory immune response polarization. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 37:355-67. [PMID: 25467036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory antigens (ES L1) are most likely responsible for the induction of immune response during infection by this parasitic. The antigens bear carbohydrate structures that may contribute to immune system activation resulting in a Th2/anti-inflammatory immune response. We show that T. spiralis glycans affect the expression and the production of IL-4 and IL-10 in vivo. Alteration of carbohydrate structures on ES L1 altered dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Periodate treatment of ES L1 led to the reduction in both ERK and p38 phosphorylation which may be the cause of reduced IL-10 and IL-12p70 production. In vitro priming of naïve T cells with DCs stimulated with native and periodate-treated ES L1 emphasized the importance of intact glycans for IL-10 production. We conclude that T. spiralis glycans affect the anti-inflammatory environment and can interfere with the development of inflammatory diseases.
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128
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Katiyar SK. Proanthocyanidins from grape seeds inhibit UV-radiation-induced immune suppression in mice: detection and analysis of molecular and cellular targets. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 91:156-62. [PMID: 25112437 DOI: 10.1111/php.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-radiation-induced immunosuppression has been linked with the risk of skin carcinogenesis. Approximately, 2 million new cases of skin cancers, including melanoma and nonmelanoma, diagnosed each year in the USA and therefore have a tremendous bad impact on public health. Dietary phytochemicals are promising options for the development of effective strategy for the prevention of photodamaging effects of UV radiation including the risk of skin cancer. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are such phytochemicals. Dietary administration of GSPs with AIN76A control diet significantly inhibits UV-induced skin tumor development as well as suppression of immune system. UV-induced suppression of immune system is commonly determined using contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model which is a prototype of T-cell-mediated immune response. We present evidence that inhibition of UV-induced suppression of immune system by GSPs is mediated through: (i) the alterations in immunoregulatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12, (ii) DNA repair, (iii) stimulation of effector T cells and (iv) DNA repair-dependent functional activation of dendritic cells in mouse model. These information have important implications for the use of GSPs as a dietary supplement in chemoprevention of UV-induced immunosuppression as well as photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Katiyar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
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129
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Draper E, DeCourcey J, Higgins SC, Canavan M, McEvoy F, Lynch M, Keogh B, Reynolds C, Roche HM, Mills KH, Loscher CE. Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses dendritic cell activation and subsequent Th17 responses. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:741-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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130
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Gupta MR, Kolli D, Molteni C, Casola A, Garofalo RP. Paramyxovirus infection regulates T cell responses by BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ myeloid dendritic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99227. [PMID: 24918929 PMCID: PMC4053357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), viruses belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, are the most important causes of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. Infections with RSV and hMPV are clinically indistinguishable, and both RSV and hMPV infection have been associated with aberrant adaptive immune responses. Myeloid Dendritic cells (mDCs) play a pivotal role in shaping adaptive immune responses during infection; however, few studies have examined how interactions of RSV and hMPV with individual mDC subsets (BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs) affect the outcome of anti-viral responses. To determine whether RSV and hMPV induce virus-specific responses from each subset, we examined co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines expressed by BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs isolated from peripheral blood after infection with hMPV and RSV, and examined their ability to stimulate T cell proliferation and differentiation. Our data show that RSV and hMPV induce virus-specific and subset-specific patterns of co-stimulatory molecule and cytokine expression. RSV, but not hMPV, impaired the capacity of infected mDCs to stimulate T cell proliferation. Whereas hMPV-infected BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs induced expansion of Th17 cells, in response to RSV, BDCA-1+ mDCs induced expansion of Th1 cells and BDCA-3+ mDCs induced expansion of Th2 cells and Tregs. These results demonstrate a virus-specific and subset-specific effect of RSV and hMPV infection on mDC function, suggesting that these viruses may induce different adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera R. Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Deepthi Kolli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claudio Molteni
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roberto P. Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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131
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Pradhan P, Qin H, Leleux JA, Gwak D, Sakamaki I, Kwak LW, Roy K. The effect of combined IL10 siRNA and CpG ODN as pathogen-mimicking microparticles on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in dendritic cells and protective immunity against B cell lymphoma. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5491-504. [PMID: 24720881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Success of an immunotherapy for cancer often depends on the critical balance of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) responses driven by antigen presenting cells, specifically dendritic cells (DCs). Th1-driven cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses are key to eliminating tumor cells. It is well established that CpG oligonucleotides (ODN), a widely studied Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, used to enhance Th1 response, also induces high levels of the anti-inflammatory, Th2-promoting cytokine IL10, which could dampen the resulting Th1 response. Biomaterials-based immunomodulatory strategies that can reduce IL10 production while maintaining IL12 levels during CpG delivery could further enhance the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and improve anti-tumor immune response. Here we report that dual-delivery of IL10-silencing siRNA along with CpG ODN to the same DCs using pathogen-mimicking microparticles (PMPs), significantly enhances their Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio through concurrent inhibition of CpG-induced IL10 production. Co-delivery of poly(I:C), a TLR3 agonist had only minor effects on IL10 levels. Further, simultaneous immunotherapy with CpG ODN and IL10 siRNA enhanced immune protection of an idiotype DNA vaccine in a prophylactic murine model of B cell lymphoma whereas co-delivery of poly(I:C) and CpG did not enhance protection. These results suggest that PMPs can be used to precisely modulate TLR ligand-mediated immune-stimulation in DCs, through co-delivery of cytokine-silencing siRNAs and thereby boost antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Pradhan
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jardin A Leleux
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Dongho Gwak
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ippei Sakamaki
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Larry W Kwak
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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132
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Fessler J, Felber A, Duftner C, Dejaco C. Therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells in autoimmune disorders. BioDrugs 2014; 27:281-91. [PMID: 23580095 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-013-0026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a dominant role in the regulation of immune responses. Quantitative and/or qualitative abnormalities of Tregs were observed in patients with autoimmune diseases and therapeutic interventions focusing Tregs are an attractive new target with the potential to cure these disorders. Biological agents approved for treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases transiently influence Treg prevalences and function and experimental therapies including novel biological agents, gene therapy, activation and ex vivo expansion of purified Tregs as well as substances influencing tolerogenic dendritic cells will be developed for selective Treg therapy. Although many of these interventions are effective in vitro, in animal models as well as in early clinical trials, significant concerns exist regarding the stability of Treg modifications as well as the long-term safety of Treg-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fessler
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
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133
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Hu D, Wan L, Chen M, Caudle Y, LeSage G, Li Q, Yin D. Essential role of IL-10/STAT3 in chronic stress-induced immune suppression. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 36:118-27. [PMID: 24513872 PMCID: PMC3943824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress can either enhance or suppress immune functions depending on a variety of factors such as duration of stressful condition. Chronic stress has been demonstrated to exert a significant suppressive effect on immune function. However, the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. Here, male C57BL/6 mice were placed in a 50-ml conical centrifuge tube with multiple punctures to establish a chronic restraint stress model. Serum IL-10 levels, IL-10 production by the splenocytes, and activation of STAT3 in the mouse spleen were assessed. We demonstrate that IL-10/STAT3 axis was remarkably activated following chronic stress. Moreover, TLR4 and p38 MAPK play a pivotal role in the activation of IL-10/STAT3 signaling cascade. Interestingly, blocking antibody against IL-10 receptor and inhibition of STAT3 by STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 attenuates stress-induced lymphocyte apoptosis. Inhibition of IL-10/STAT3 dramatically inhibits stress-induced reduction in IL-12 production. Furthermore, disequilibrium of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance caused by chronic stress was also rescued by blocking IL-10/STAT3 axis. These results yield insight into a new mechanism by which chronic stress regulates immune functions. IL-10/STAT3 pathway provides a novel relevant target for the manipulation of chronic stress-induced immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Michael Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Yi Caudle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Gene LeSage
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Qinchuan Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China,Corresponding authors: Deling Yin. Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA. Tel: + 1423 439 8826; Fax: +1 423 439 6387. ; Qinchuan Li. Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Deling Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA,Corresponding authors: Deling Yin. Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA. Tel: + 1423 439 8826; Fax: +1 423 439 6387. ; Qinchuan Li. Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Cherif MS, Shuaibu MN, Kodama Y, Kurosaki T, Helegbe GK, Kikuchi M, Ichinose A, Yanagi T, Sasaki H, Yui K, Tien NH, Karbwang J, Hirayama K. Nanoparticle formulation enhanced protective immunity provoked by PYGPI8p-transamidase related protein (PyTAM) DNA vaccine in Plasmodium yoelii malaria model. Vaccine 2014; 32:1998-2006. [PMID: 24440206 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the new formulation of polyethylimine (PEI) with gamma polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) nanoparticle (NP) to have provided Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein-1 (PyMSP-1) plasmid DNA vaccine with enhanced protective cellular and humoral immunity in the lethal mouse malaria model. PyGPI8p-transamidase-related protein (PyTAM) was selected as a possible candidate vaccine antigen by using DNA vaccination screening from 29 GPI anchor and signal sequence motif positive genes picked up using web-based bioinformatics tools; though the observed protection was not complete. Here, we observed augmented protective effect of PyTAM DNA vaccine by using PEI and γ-PGA complex as delivery system. NP-coated PyTAM plasmid DNA immunized mice showed a significant survival rate from lethal P. yoelii challenge infection compared with naked PyTAM plasmid or with NP-coated empty plasmid DNA group. Antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2b subclass antibody levels, proportion of CD4 and CD8T cells producing IFN-γ in the splenocytes and IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α levels in the sera and in the supernatants from ex vivo splenocytes culture were all enhanced by the NP-coated PyTAM DNA vaccine. These data indicates that NP augments PyTAM protective immune response, and this enhancement was associated with increased DC activation and concomitant IL-12 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamoud Sama Cherif
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan; Global COE Program, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan; Institut National de Santé Publique, Université de Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mohammed Nasir Shuaibu
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan; Global COE Program, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | | | | | - Gideon Kofi Helegbe
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Mihoko Kikuchi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Ichinose
- Electron Microscopy Central Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yanagi
- Animal Research Center for Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University, Japan; Global COE Program, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Nguyen Huy Tien
- Department of Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Juntra Karbwang
- Department of Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan; Global COE Program, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan.
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135
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Shouval DS, Ouahed J, Biswas A, Goettel JA, Horwitz BH, Klein C, Muise AM, Snapper SB. Interleukin 10 receptor signaling: master regulator of intestinal mucosal homeostasis in mice and humans. Adv Immunol 2014; 122:177-210. [PMID: 24507158 PMCID: PMC4741283 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800267-4.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL10) is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine that can inhibit proinflammatory responses of both innate and adaptive immune cells. An association between IL10 and intestinal mucosal homeostasis became clear with the discovery that IL10 and IL10 receptor (IL10R)-deficient mice develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation. Similarly, patients with deleterious mutations in IL10, IL10RA, or IL10RB present with severe enterocolitis within the first months of life. Here, we review recent findings on how IL10- and IL10R-dependent signaling modulates innate and adaptive immune responses in the murine gastrointestinal tract, with implications of their role in the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, we discuss the impact of IL10 and IL10R signaling defects in humans and their relationship to very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror S Shouval
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jodie Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Cell Biology at University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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The molecular basis of IL-10 function: from receptor structure to the onset of signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 380:191-212. [PMID: 25004819 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43492-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of the cell surface IL-10 receptor complex is the first step in initiating IL-10 signaling pathways that regulate intestinal inflammation, viral persistence and even tumor surveillance. The discovery of IL-10 homologs in the genomes of herpes viruses suggests IL-10 signaling pathways can be manipulated at the level of the receptor complex. This chapter will describe our current molecular understanding of IL-10 receptor assembly based on crystal structures and biochemical analyses of cellular and viral IL-10 receptor complexes.
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137
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Differential responses of disease-resistant and disease-susceptible primate macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells to simian hemorrhagic fever virus infection. J Virol 2013; 88:2095-106. [PMID: 24335289 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02633-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) causes a fatal hemorrhagic fever in macaques but an asymptomatic, persistent infection in baboons. To investigate factors contributing to this differential infection outcome, the targets of SHFV infection, macrophages (MΦs) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), were differentiated from macaque and baboon peripheral blood monocytes and used to compare viral replication and cell responses. SHFV replicated in >90% of macaque MΦs but in only ∼10% of baboon MΦs. Although SHFV infected ∼50% of macaque and baboon mDCs, virus replication was efficient in macaque but not in baboon mDCs. Both types of macaque cultures produced higher virus yields than baboon cultures. A more efficient type I interferon response and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12/23(p40), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), in response to SHFV infection were observed in macaque but not baboon cultures, suggesting less efficient counteraction of these responses by viral proteins in macaque cells. Baboon cultures produced higher levels of IL-10 than macaque cultures both prior to and after SHFV infection. In baboon but not macaque cell cultures, SHFV infection upregulated IL-10R1, a subunit of the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R), and also SOCS3, a negative regulator of proinflammatory cytokine production. Incubation of macaque cultures with human IL-10 before and/or after SHFV infection decreased production of IL-6, IL-1β, and MIP-1α but not TNF-α, suggesting a role for IL-10 in suppressing SHFV-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in macaques.
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138
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Cathelin D, Met Ö, Svane IM. Silencing of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper improves the immunogenicity of clinical-grade dendritic cells. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:740-9. [PMID: 23643305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maturation cocktail composed of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin E2 is considered the "gold standard" for inducing the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) for use in cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, although this maturation cocktail induces increased expression of several activation markers, such as CD83, the co-stimulation molecules CD80, CD86 and CD40 and the chemokine receptor involved in DC homing in lymph nodes CCR7, the DC immune stimulatory function in vivo contrasts with this mature phenotype, and good clinical outcomes in patients with cancer treated with DC-based vaccines remain rare. METHODS Phenotypic characterization of the immunosuppressive status of DCs differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers and matured with the "gold standard" cocktail was performed. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA) was electroporated into DCs after maturation to increase their immunogenicity. RESULTS The mature phenotype of DCs treated for 48 h with this cocktail was associated with the expression of several immunosuppressive regulators, including programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), IL-10 and GILZ. Electroporation is a very efficient and safe way to deliver siRNA into DCs (80% of DCs receive at least one molecule of siRNA). Silencing GILZ in clinical-grade DCs by siRNA leads to a decrease of the PD-L1 expression associated with an increase in their IL-12 secretion and T-cell induction capability. CONCLUSIONS GILZ silencing is a promising approach to achieving complete clinical-grade DC maturation and avoiding the immunosuppressive effects of the maturation cocktail on DCs intended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Cathelin
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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139
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Regulatory dendritic cell therapy: from rodents to clinical application. Immunol Lett 2013; 161:216-21. [PMID: 24316407 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are highly-specialized, bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells that induce or regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Regulatory or "tolerogenic" DC play a crucial role in maintaining self tolerance in the healthy steady-state. These regulatory innate immune cells subvert naïve or memory T cell responses by various mechanisms. Regulatory DC (DCreg) also exhibit the ability to induce or restore T cell tolerance in many animal models of autoimmune disease or transplant rejection. There is also evidence that adoptive transfer of DCreg can regulate T cell responses in non-human primates and humans. Important insights gained from in vitro studies and animal models have led recently to the development of clinical grade human DCreg, with potential to treat autoimmune disease or enhance transplant survival while reducing patient dependency on immunosuppressive drugs. Phase I trials have been conducted in type-1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, with results that emphasize the feasibility and safety of DCreg therapy. This mini-review will outline how observations made using animal models have been translated into human use, and discuss the challenges faced in further developing this form of regulatory immune cell therapy in the fields of autoimmunity and transplantation.
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140
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Lourembam SD, Sawian CE, Baruah S. Dysregulation of cytokines expression in complicated falciparum malaria with increased TGF-β and IFN-γ and decreased IL-2 and IL-12. Cytokine 2013; 64:503-8. [PMID: 24012048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Plasmodium falciparum infections, proinflammatory cytokine response is implicated in control of parasite multiplication as well as in disease pathogenesis. However, the regulation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and its relation to disease severity remains poorly understood. METHODS We examined cytokines gene expression by quantitative real time-PCR technique in a case control study comprising of P. falciparum infected (n=58) and non infected (n=30) groups. P. falciparum infected were further stratified as complicated and uncomplicated as per WHO criterion and parasitaemia levels. RESULTS Higher expression of IL-2, IL-12α and TGF-β with decreased levels of IL-10 was seen in P. falciparum positivity. Complicated malaria was associated with enhanced expression of IFN-γ and TGF-β but lower IL-2 and IL-12α in comparison to uncomplicated malaria. Modeling of data suggested higher expression of IL-12α to be predictive of uncomplicated malaria [Odds ratio=3.074, 95% CI (1.254-7.536)] and was negatively associated with complicated malaria outcome (p=0.014). Interestingly, the probability of complicated malaria in males with elevated TNF-α expression was three times higher [p=0.05; Odds ratio=3.412, 95% CI (0.98-11.848)]. Age was also seen to be a factor with higher IL-8 in diseased young (p=0.012). CONCLUSION Our data suggested induction of balanced cytokine response in uncomplicated malaria while cytokine dysregulation with a role for TGF-β was indicated in complicated malaria. TH cells did not appear to be the source of increased IFN-γ expression associated with malaria severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia D Lourembam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
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141
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Aging affects AO rat splenic conventional dendritic cell subset composition, cytokine synthesis and T-helper polarizing capacity. Biogerontology 2013; 14:443-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pinzon-Charry A, Woodberry T, Kienzle V, McPhun V, Minigo G, Lampah DA, Kenangalem E, Engwerda C, López JA, Anstey NM, Good MF. Apoptosis and dysfunction of blood dendritic cells in patients with falciparum and vivax malaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1635-46. [PMID: 23835848 PMCID: PMC3727318 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute Plasmodium infections in humans result in dendritic cell dysfunction and apoptosis caused in part by elevated levels of IL-10. Malaria causes significant morbidity worldwide and a vaccine is urgently required. Plasmodium infection causes considerable immune dysregulation, and elicitation of vaccine immunity remains challenging. Given the central role of dendritic cells (DCs) in initiating immunity, understanding their biology during malaria will improve vaccination outcomes. Circulating DCs are particularly important, as they shape immune responses in vivo and reflect the functional status of other subpopulations. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments of the frequency, phenotype, and function of circulating DC in 67 Papuan adults during acute uncomplicated P. falciparum, P. vivax, and convalescent P. falciparum infections. We demonstrate that malaria patients display a significant reduction in circulating DC numbers and the concurrent accumulation of immature cells. Such alteration is associated with marked levels of spontaneous apoptosis and impairment in the ability of DC to mature, capture, and present antigens to T cells. Interestingly, sustained levels of plasma IL-10 were observed in patients with acute infection and were implicated in the induction of DC apoptosis. DC apoptosis was reversed upon IL-10 blockade, and DC function recovered when IL-10 levels returned to baseline by convalescence. Our data provide key information on the mechanisms behind DC suppression during malaria and will assist in developing strategies to better harness DC’s immunotherapeutic potential.
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143
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Gupta MR, Kolli D, Garofalo RP. Differential response of BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ myeloid dendritic cells to respiratory syncytial virus infection. Respir Res 2013; 14:71. [PMID: 23829893 PMCID: PMC3708742 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory infections in children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Severe infection is associated with short- and long-term morbidity including pneumonia, recurrent wheezing, and abnormal pulmonary function, and several lines of evidence indicate that impaired adaptive immune responses during infection are critical in the pathophysiology of RSV-mediated disease. Myeloid Dendritic cells (mDCs) play a pivotal role in shaping antiviral immune responses in the respiratory tract; however, few studies have examined the interactions between RSV and individual mDC subsets. In this study, we examined the effect of RSV on the functional response of primary mDC subsets (BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+) isolated from peripheral blood. Methods BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy adults using FACS sorting. Donor-matched BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs were infected with RSV at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 for 40 hours. After infection, cells were analyzed for the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD86, CD80, and PD-L1), cytokine production, and the ability to stimulate allogenic CD4+ T cell proliferation. Results Both BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs were susceptible to infection with RSV and demonstrated enhanced expression of CD86, and the inhibitory costimulatory molecules CD80 and PD-L1. Compared to BDCA-3+ mDCs, RSV-infected BDCA-1+ mDC produced a profile of cytokines and chemokines predominantly associated with pro-inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, MIP-1α, and TNF-α), and both BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs were found to produce IL-10. Compared to uninfected mDCs, RSV-infected BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs demonstrated a reduced capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation. Conclusions RSV infection induces a distinct pattern of costimulatory molecule expression and cytokine production by BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs, and impairs their ability to stimulate T cell proliferation. The differential expression of CD86 and pro-inflammatory cytokines by highly purified mDC subsets in response to RSV provides further evidence that BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs have distinct roles in coordinating the host immune response during RSV infection. Findings of differential expression of PD-L1 and IL-10 by infected mDCs, suggests possible mechanisms by which RSV is able to impair adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera R Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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144
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Volz T, Skabytska Y, Guenova E, Chen KM, Frick JS, Kirschning CJ, Kaesler S, Röcken M, Biedermann T. Nonpathogenic bacteria alleviating atopic dermatitis inflammation induce IL-10-producing dendritic cells and regulatory Tr1 cells. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:96-104. [PMID: 23812300 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of nonpathogenic bacteria are increasingly being recognized. We reported in a placebo-controlled study with atopic dermatitis (AD) patients that cutaneous exposure to lysates of nonpathogenic bacteria alleviates skin inflammation. To now unravel underlying mechanisms, immune consequences of sensing nonpathogenic bacterium Vitreoscilla filiformis lysate (Vf) were characterized analyzing (1) differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) and, consecutively, (2) effector functions of DCs and T helper (Th) cells in vitro and in a murine model of AD in NC/Nga mice in vivo. Topical treatment with Vf significantly reduced AD-like inflammation in NC/Nga mice. Importantly, cutaneous exposure to Vf in combination with the allergen FITC significantly also reduced subsequent allergen-induced dermatitis indicating active immune modulation. Indeed, innate sensing of Vf predominantly induced IL-10-producing DCs, which was dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation. Vf-induced IL-10+ DCs primed naive CD4+ T helper cells to become regulatory IFN-γ(low) IL-10(high) Tr1 (type 1 regulatory T) cells. These IL-10(high) Tr1 cells were also induced by Vf in vivo and strongly suppressed T effector cells and inflammation. In conclusion, we show that innate sensing of nonpathogenic bacteria by TLR2 induces tolerogenic DCs and regulatory Tr1 cells suppressing T effector cells and cutaneous inflammation. These findings indicate a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory skin diseases like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volz
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yuliya Skabytska
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ko-Ming Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia-Stefanie Frick
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Kaesler
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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145
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Ebersole JL, Dawson DR, Morford LA, Peyyala R, Miller CS, Gonzaléz OA. Periodontal disease immunology: 'double indemnity' in protecting the host. Periodontol 2000 2013; 62:163-202. [PMID: 23574466 PMCID: PMC4131201 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the last two to three decades our understanding of the immunobiology of periodontal disease has increased exponentially, both with respect to the microbial agents triggering the disease process and the molecular mechanisms of the host engagement maintaining homeostasis or leading to collateral tissue damage. These foundational scientific findings have laid the groundwork for translating cell phenotype, receptor engagement, intracellular signaling pathways and effector functions into a 'picture' of the periodontium as the host responds to the 'danger signals' of the microbial ecology to maintain homeostasis or succumb to a disease process. These findings implicate the chronicity of the local response in attempting to manage the microbial challenge, creating a 'Double Indemnity' in some patients that does not 'insure' health for the periodontium. As importantly, in reflecting the title of this volume of Periodontology 2000, this review attempts to inform the community of how the science of periodontal immunology gestated, how continual probing of the biology of the disease has led to an evolution in our knowledge base and how more recent studies in the postgenomic era are revolutionizing our understanding of disease initiation, progression and resolution. Thus, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of host-bacteria interactions that result in the clinical presentation and outcomes of destructive periodontitis. The science has embarked from observations of variations in responses related to disease expression with a focus for utilization of the responses in diagnosis and therapeutic outcomes, to current investigations using cutting-edge fundamental biological processes to attempt to model the initiation and progression of soft- and hard-tissue destruction of the periodontium. As importantly, the next era in the immunobiology of periodontal disease will need to engage more sophisticated experimental designs for clinical studies to enable robust translation of basic biologic processes that are in action early in the transition from health to disease, those which stimulate microenvironmental changes that select for a more pathogenic microbial ecology and those that represent a rebalancing of the complex host responses and a resolution of inflammatory tissue destruction.
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146
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Myers AJ, Marino S, Kirschner DE, Flynn JL. Inoculation dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis does not influence priming of T cell responses in lymph nodes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4707-16. [PMID: 23547119 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inocula size on T cell priming in the lymph node and effector T cells in the lung remains controversial. In this study, we used a naive mouse model, without the transfer of transgenic T cells, in conjunction with mathematical model to test whether infection with higher aerosolized inocula would lead to increased priming of M. tuberculosis-specific T cells in the lung-draining lymph node. Our data do not support that inoculum size has a measurable influence on T cell priming in the lymph nodes but is associated with more cells overall in the lung, including T cells. To account for increased T cells in the lungs, we tested several possible mechanisms, and recruitment of T cells to the lungs was most influenced by inoculum dose. We also identified IL-10 as a possible mechanism to explain the lack of influence of inoculum dose on priming of T cells in the lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Raedler D, Illi S, Pinto LA, von Mutius E, Illig T, Kabesch M, Schaub B. IL10 polymorphisms influence neonatal immune responses, atopic dermatitis, and wheeze at age 3 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:789-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Luger R, Valookaran S, Knapp N, Vizzardelli C, Dohnal AM, Felzmann T. Toll-like receptor 4 engagement drives differentiation of human and murine dendritic cells from a pro- into an anti-inflammatory mode. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54879. [PMID: 23408948 PMCID: PMC3569454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC) coordinates innate and adaptive immunity to fight infections and cancer. Our observations reveal that DCs exposed to the microbial danger signal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) acquire a continuously changing activation/maturation phenotype. The DCs’ initial mode of action is pro-inflammatory via up-regulation among others of the signaling molecule interleukin (IL) 12, which polarizes IFN-γ secreting type 1 helper T-cells (Th1). Within 24 hours the same DC switches from the pro- into an anti-inflammatory phenotype. This is mediated by autocrine IL-10 release and secretion of soluble IL-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2RA) molecules. T-cells, when contacted with DCs during their anti-inflammatory phase loose their proliferative capacity and develop regulatory T-cell (Treg) -like anti-inflammatory functions indicated by IL-10 secretion and elevated FoxP3 levels. Studying the kinetics of IL-12 and IL-10 expression from LPS/IFN-γ activated myeloid DCs on a single cell level confirmed these observations. When T-cells are separated from DCs within 24 hours, they are spared from the anti-inflammatory DC activity. We conclude that, in addition to differentiation of DCs into distinct subsets, the observed sequential functional phases of DC differentiation permit the fine-tuning of an immune response. A better understanding of time-kinetic DC features is required for optimally exploiting the therapeutic capacity of DCs in cancer immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Luger
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Sneha Valookaran
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalie Knapp
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Caterina Vizzardelli
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander M. Dohnal
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Felzmann
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
- Activartis Biotech GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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149
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Mühl H. Pro-Inflammatory Signaling by IL-10 and IL-22: Bad Habit Stirred Up by Interferons? Front Immunol 2013; 4:18. [PMID: 23382730 PMCID: PMC3562761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-22 are key members of the IL-10 cytokine family that share characteristic properties such as defined structural features, usage of IL-10R2 as one receptor chain, and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 as dominant signaling mode. IL-10, formerly known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, is key to deactivation of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. Accordingly, pre-clinical studies document its anti-inflammatory capacity. However, the outcome of clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of IL-10 in prototypic inflammatory disorders has been disappointing. In contrast to IL-10, IL-22 acts primarily on non-leukocytic cells, in particular epithelial cells of intestine, skin, liver, and lung. STAT3-driven proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-microbial tissue protection is regarded a principal function of IL-22 at host/environment interfaces. In this hypothesis article, hidden/underappreciated pro-inflammatory characteristics of IL-10 and IL-22 are outlined and related to cellular priming by type I interferon. It is tempting to speculate that an inherent inflammatory potential of IL-10 and IL-22 confines their usage in tissue protective therapy and beyond that determines in some patients efficacy of type I interferon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Liu WH, Liu JJ, Wu J, Zhang LL, Liu F, Yin L, Zhang MM, Yu B. Novel mechanism of inhibition of dendritic cells maturation by mesenchymal stem cells via interleukin-10 and the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55487. [PMID: 23383203 PMCID: PMC3559548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can suppress dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and function, mediated by soluble factors, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and nitric oxide (NO). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a common immunosuppressive cytokine, and the downstream signaling of the JAK-STAT pathway has been shown to be involved with DCs differentiation and maturation in the context of cancer. Whether IL-10 and/or the JAK-STAT pathway play a role in the inhibitory effect of MSCs on DCs maturation remains controversial. In our study, we cultured MSCs and DCs derived from rat bone marrow under different culturing conditions. Using Transwell plates, we detected by ELISA that the level of IL-10 significantly increased in the supernatants of MSC-DC co-cultures at 48 hours. The cell immunofluorescence assay suggested that the MSCs secreted more IL-10 than the DCs in the co-cultures. Adding exogenous IL-10 to the DCs monoculture or MSC-DC co-cultures stimulated IL-10 and led to a decrease in IL-12, and lower expression of the DCs surface markers CD80, CD86, OX62, MHC-II and CD11b/c. Supplementing the culture with an IL-10 neutralizing antibody (IL-10NA) showed precisely the opposite effect of adding IL-10. Moreover, we demonstrated that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is involved in inhibiting DCs maturation. Both JAK1 and STAT3 expression and IL-10 secretion decreased markedly after adding a JAK inhibitor (AG490) to the co-culture plate. We propose that there is an IL-10 positive feedback loop, which may explain our observations of elevated IL-10 and enhanced JAK1 and STAT3 expression. Overall, we demonstrated that MSCs inhibit the maturation of DCs through the stimulation of IL-10 secretion, and by activating the JAK1 and STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-hua Liu
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing-jin Liu
- Cardiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Cardiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lu-lu Zhang
- Cardiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Cardiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Yin
- Cardiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mao-mao Zhang
- Cardiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Cardiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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