101
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Chang YF, Hsu YF, Chiu PT, Huang WJ, Huang SW, Ou G, Sheu JR, Hsu MJ. WMJ-S-001, a novel aliphatic hydroxamate derivative, exhibits anti-angiogenic activities via Src-homology-2-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1. Oncotarget 2015; 6:85-100. [PMID: 25415226 PMCID: PMC4381580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, one of the major routes for tumor invasion and metastasis represents a rational target for therapeutic intervention. Recent development in drug discovery has highlighted the diverse biological and pharmacological properties of hydroxamate derivatives. In this study, we characterized the anti-angiogenic activities of a novel aliphatic hydroxamate, WMJ-S-001, in an effort to develop novel angiogenesis inhibitors. WMJ-S-001 inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A-induced proliferation, invasion and endothelial tube formation of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). WMJ-S-001 suppressed VEGF-A-induced microvessel sprouting from aortic rings, and attenuated angiogenesis in in vivo mouse xenograft models. In addition, WMJ-S-001 inhibited the phosphorylations of VEGFR2, Src, FAK, Akt and ERK in VEGF-A-stimulated HUVECs. WMJ-S-001 caused an increase in SHP-1 phosphatase activity, whereas NSC-87877, a SHP-1 inhibitor, restored WMJ-S-001 suppression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation. Furthermore, WMJ-S-001 inhibited cell cycle progression and induced cell apoptosis in HUVECs. These results are associated with p53 phosphorylation and acetylation and the modulation of p21 and survivin. Taken together, WMJ-S-001 was shown to modulate vascular endothelial cell remodeling through inhibiting VEGFR2 signaling and induction of apoptosis. These results also support the role of WMJ-S-001 as a potential drug candidate and warrant the clinical development in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fen Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ting Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Ou
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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102
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Fairaq A, Goc A, Artham S, Sabbineni H, Somanath PR. TNFα induces inflammatory stress response in microvascular endothelial cells via Akt- and P38 MAP kinase-mediated thrombospondin-1 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 406:227-36. [PMID: 25963668 PMCID: PMC4504829 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) are well-known mediators of inflammation. However, a causal relationship between TNFα stimuli and TSP-1 expression in endothelial cell stress, and the underlying mechanisms has not yet been investigated. In our study, human microvascular endothelial cells (hMEC) were treated with TNFα and analyzed for endothelial dysfunction, TSP-1 expression, and associated mechanisms. TNFα treatment induced a dose-dependent increase in TSP-1 expression in hMEC associated with increased endothelial permeability, apoptosis, and reduced proliferation. Whereas TNFα activated Akt, ERK, and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK) simultaneously in hMEC, inhibitors of Akt and P38 MAPK, but not ERK blunted TNFα-induced TSP-1 expression. Silencing of NFκB gene had no significant effect on TNFα-induced TSP-1 expression. Our study demonstrates the novel role of TNFα in inducing inflammatory stress response in hMEC through Akt- and P38 MAPK-mediated expression of TSP-1, independent of NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Fairaq
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical center, Augusta, GA
| | - Anna Goc
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical center, Augusta, GA
| | - Sandeep Artham
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical center, Augusta, GA
| | - Harika Sabbineni
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical center, Augusta, GA
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical center, Augusta, GA
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center and Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
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103
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Vandenbriele C, Kauskot A, Vandersmissen I, Criel M, Geenens R, Craps S, Luttun A, Janssens S, Hoylaerts MF, Verhamme P. Platelet endothelial aggregation receptor-1: a novel modifier of neoangiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:124-38. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Sabbineni H, Alwhaibi A, Goc A, Gao F, Pruitt A, Somanath PR. Genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of Akt1 isoform attenuates bladder cancer cell proliferation, motility and invasion. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:208-214. [PMID: 26148825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Isoform specific expression, intracellular localization and function of Akt in bladder cancer are not known. In the current study, we identified Akt1, followed by Akt2 and Akt3 as the predominant Akt isoform in human T24 and UM-UC-3 metastatic bladder cancer cells. Whereas Akt1 is localized at the membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, Akt2 is solely cytoplasmic and Akt3 is mostly localized in the nucleus in T24 cells. ShRNA-mediated Akt1 knockdown resulted in impaired T24 cell survival, proliferation, colony formation, migration and microinvasion. Whereas pharmacological inhibition of Akt1 resulted in impaired T24 and UM-UC-3 cell motility, viability and proliferation, effect of pharmacological inhibition by Akt2 inhibitor was limited to proliferation in T24, but not UM-UC-3 cells. Our data provide important clues on the therapeutic benefits of targeting Akt1 for bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Sabbineni
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Anna Goc
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fei Gao
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Alanna Pruitt
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center and Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States.
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105
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Tran AQ, Cohen JG, Li AJ. Impact of obesity on secondary cytoreductive surgery and overall survival in women with recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:263-6. [PMID: 26037901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity may negatively influence tumor biology in women with epithelial ovarian cancers. To date, only body mass indices (BMI) determined at the time of diagnosis have correlated with clinical outcome. We hypothesized that obesity negatively affects survival throughout the disease course, and sought to determine the prognostic role of BMI at the time of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) for recurrent ovarian cancer. METHODS We performed a review of patients undergoing SCS for recurrent epithelial ovarian or peritoneal cancer between 1997 and 2012. We retrospectively reviewed data which were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival, and Cox regression analysis. BMI was defined according to the National Institutes of Health's categorizations. RESULTS We identified 104 patients; 2 were underweight, 46 were of ideal body weight, 32 were overweight, and 24 were obese. Overall, 90 patients underwent optimal resection and BMI did not correlate with ability to perform optimal SCS (p=0.25). When examining BMI strata (underweight, ideal, overweight, and obese), we observed a statistical trend between increasing BMI and poor outcome; median survival was undetermined (greater than 50 months), 46 months, 38 months, and 34 months, respectively (p=0.04). In a multivariate analysis, BMI was an independent predictor of survival (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of women undergoing SCS for recurrent ovarian cancer, BMI significantly and independently correlated with overall survival. This observation suggests an effect of excess weight on tumor biology and/or response to treatment that is prevalent throughout the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur-Quan Tran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, Suite 280W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joshua G Cohen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Cancer Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, Suite 280W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrew J Li
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Cancer Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, Suite 280W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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106
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Huang H, Chen AY, Rojanasakul Y, Ye X, Rankin GO, Chen YC. Dietary compounds galangin and myricetin suppress ovarian cancer cell angiogenesis. J Funct Foods 2015; 15:464-475. [PMID: 26113875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin and myricetin are flavonoids isolated from vegetables and fruits which exhibit anti-proliferative activity in human cancer cells. In this study, their anti-angiogenic effects were investigated with in vitro (HUVEC) and in vivo (CAM) models, which showed that galangin and myricetin inhibited angiogenesis induced by OVCAR-3 cells. The molecular mechanisms through which galangin and myricetin suppress angiogenesis were also studied. It was observed that galangin and myricetin inhibited secretion of the key angiogenesis mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and decreased levels of p-Akt, p-70S6K and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) proteins in A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells. Transient transfection experiments showed that galangin and myricetin inhibited secretion of VEGF by the Akt/p70S6K/ HIF-1α pathway. Moreover, a novel pathway, p21/HIF-1α/VEGF, was found to be involved in the inhibitory effect of myricetin on angiogenesis in OVCAR-3 cells. These data suggest that galangin and myricetin might serve as potential anti-angiogenic agents in the prevention of ovarian cancers dependent on new blood vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, China ; College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Allen Y Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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107
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Wang T, Cunningham A, Dokun AO, Hazarika S, Houston K, Chen L, Lye RJ, Spolski R, Leonard WJ, Annex BH. Loss of interleukin-21 receptor activation in hypoxic endothelial cells impairs perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1218-25. [PMID: 25838422 PMCID: PMC4865891 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical hindlimb ischemia (HLI) in mice has become a valuable preclinical model to study peripheral arterial disease. We previously identified that the different phenotypic outcomes after HLI across inbred mouse strains is related to a region on the short arm of mouse chromosome 7. The gene coding the interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) lies at the peak of association in this region. APPROACH AND RESULTS With quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we found that a mouse strain with a greater ability to upregulate IL-21R after HLI had better perfusion recovery than a strain with no upregulation after HLI. Immunofluorescent staining of ischemic hindlimb tissue showed IL-21R expression on endothelial cells (ECs) from C57BL/6 mice. An EC-enriched fraction isolated from ischemic hindlimb muscle showed higher Il-21R levels than an EC-enriched fraction from nonischemic limbs. In vitro, human umbilical vein ECs showed elevated IL-21R expression after hypoxia and serum starvation. Under these conditions, IL-21 treatment increased cell viability, decreased cell apoptosis, and augmented tube formation. In vivo, either knockout Il21r or blocking IL-21 signaling by treating with IL-21R-Fc (fusion protein that blocks IL-21 binding to its receptor) in C57BL/6 mice resulted in less perfusion recovery after HLI. Both in vitro and in vivo modulation of the IL-21/IL-21R axis under hypoxic conditions resulted in increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation and a subsequent increase in the B-cell lymphoma leukemia-2/BCL-2-associated X protein ratio. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that IL-21R upregulation and ligand activation in hypoxic ECs may help perfusion recovery by limiting/preventing apoptosis and favoring cell survival and angiogenesis through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.)
| | - Alexis Cunningham
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.)
| | - Ayotunde O Dokun
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.)
| | - Surovi Hazarika
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.)
| | - Kevin Houston
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.)
| | - Lingdan Chen
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.)
| | - R John Lye
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.)
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.)
| | - Warren J Leonard
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.)
| | - Brian H Annex
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.W., A.C., A.O.D., S.H., K.H., L.C., R.J.L., B.H.A.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.H., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.S., W.J.L.).
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Yu H, Littlewood T, Bennett M. Akt isoforms in vascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 71:57-64. [PMID: 25929188 PMCID: PMC4728195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian serine/threonine Akt kinases comprise three closely related isoforms: Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3. Akt activation has been implicated in both normal and disease processes, including in development and metabolism, as well as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Although Akt signalling has been identified as a promising therapeutic target in cancer, its role in cardiovascular disease is less clear. Importantly, accumulating evidence suggests that the three Akt isoforms exhibit distinct tissue expression profiles, localise to different subcellular compartments, and have unique modes of activation. Consistent with in vitro findings, genetic studies in mice show distinct effects of individual Akt isoforms on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. This review summarises recent studies of individual Akt isoforms in atherosclerosis, vascular remodelling and aneurysm formation, to provide a comprehensive overview of Akt function in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Trevor Littlewood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Martin Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Rotllan N, Wanschel AC, Fernández-Hernando A, Salerno AG, Offermanns S, Sessa WC, Fernández-Hernando C. Genetic Evidence Supports a Major Role for Akt1 in VSMCs During Atherogenesis. Circ Res 2015; 116:1744-52. [PMID: 25868464 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Coronary artery disease, the direct result of atherosclerosis, is the most common cause of death in Western societies. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis occurs during the progression of atherosclerosis and in advanced lesions and promotes plaque necrosis, a common feature of high-risk/vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Akt1, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates several key endothelial cell and VSMC functions including cell growth, migration, survival, and vascular tone. Although global deficiency of Akt1 results in impaired angiogenesis and massive atherosclerosis, the specific contribution of VSMC Akt1 remains poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution of VSMC Akt1 during atherogenesis and in established atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated 2 mouse models in which Akt1 expression can be suppressed specifically in VSCMs before (Apoe(-/-)Akt1(fl/fl)Sm22α(CRE)) and after (Apoe(-/-)Akt1(fl/fl)SM-MHC-CreER(T2E)) the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. This approach allows us to interrogate the role of Akt1 during the initial and late steps of atherogenesis. The absence of Akt1 in VSMCs during the progression of atherosclerosis results in larger atherosclerotic plaques characterized by bigger necrotic core areas, enhanced VSMC apoptosis, and reduced fibrous cap and collagen content. In contrast, VSMC Akt1 inhibition in established atherosclerotic plaques does not influence lesion size but markedly reduces the relative fibrous cap area in plaques and increases VSMC apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Akt1 expression in VSMCs influences early and late stages of atherosclerosis. The absence of Akt1 in VSMCs induces features of plaque vulnerability including fibrous cap thinning and extensive necrotic core areas. These observations suggest that interventions enhancing Akt1 expression specifically in VSMCs may lessen plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Rotllan
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.R., W.C.S., C.F-.H.), Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (N.R., C.F-.H.), Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology Departments of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY (A.C.W., A.F.-H., A.G.S., C.F-.H.); and Department of Pharmacology, Max-Plank-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
| | - Amarylis C Wanschel
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.R., W.C.S., C.F-.H.), Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (N.R., C.F-.H.), Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology Departments of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY (A.C.W., A.F.-H., A.G.S., C.F-.H.); and Department of Pharmacology, Max-Plank-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
| | - Ana Fernández-Hernando
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.R., W.C.S., C.F-.H.), Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (N.R., C.F-.H.), Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology Departments of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY (A.C.W., A.F.-H., A.G.S., C.F-.H.); and Department of Pharmacology, Max-Plank-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
| | - Alessandro G Salerno
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.R., W.C.S., C.F-.H.), Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (N.R., C.F-.H.), Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology Departments of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY (A.C.W., A.F.-H., A.G.S., C.F-.H.); and Department of Pharmacology, Max-Plank-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.R., W.C.S., C.F-.H.), Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (N.R., C.F-.H.), Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology Departments of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY (A.C.W., A.F.-H., A.G.S., C.F-.H.); and Department of Pharmacology, Max-Plank-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
| | - William C Sessa
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.R., W.C.S., C.F-.H.), Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (N.R., C.F-.H.), Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology Departments of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY (A.C.W., A.F.-H., A.G.S., C.F-.H.); and Department of Pharmacology, Max-Plank-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.R., W.C.S., C.F-.H.), Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (N.R., C.F-.H.), Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology Departments of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY (A.C.W., A.F.-H., A.G.S., C.F-.H.); and Department of Pharmacology, Max-Plank-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.).
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Bai SY, Yao LQ, Su L, Zhang SL, Zhao BX, Miao JY. Low-dose HSP90 inhibitors DPB and AUY-922 repress apoptosis in HUVECs. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose HSP90 inhibitors DPB and AUY-922 repress apoptosis in HUVECs, which was accompanied by the increase of p-AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yun Bai
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Qi Yao
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Le Su
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Shang-Li Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Bao-Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ying Miao
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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111
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Ségaliny AI, Mohamadi A, Dizier B, Lokajczyk A, Brion R, Lanel R, Amiaud J, Charrier C, Boisson-Vidal C, Heymann D. Interleukin-34 promotes tumor progression and metastatic process in osteosarcoma through induction of angiogenesis and macrophage recruitment. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:73-85. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aude I. Ségaliny
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités; Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours; Nantes France
| | - Amel Mohamadi
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- INSERM, UMR 1140; Paris France
| | - Blandine Dizier
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- INSERM, UMR 1140; Paris France
| | - Anna Lokajczyk
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- INSERM, UMR 1140; Paris France
| | - Régis Brion
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités; Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; France
| | - Rachel Lanel
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités; Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours; Nantes France
| | - Jérôme Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités; Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours; Nantes France
| | - Céline Charrier
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités; Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours; Nantes France
| | | | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités; Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; France
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112
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Bancroft T, Bouaouina M, Roberts S, Lee M, Calderwood DA, Schwartz M, Simons M, Sessa WC, Kyriakides TR. Up-regulation of thrombospondin-2 in Akt1-null mice contributes to compromised tissue repair due to abnormalities in fibroblast function. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:409-22. [PMID: 25389299 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.618421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is essential for tissue repair and is regulated by multiple factors, including thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) and hypoxia/VEGF-induced activation of Akt. In contrast to TSP2 knock-out (KO) mice, Akt1 KO mice have elevated TSP2 expression and delayed tissue repair. To investigate the contribution of increased TSP2 to Akt1 KO mice phenotypes, we generated Akt1/TSP2 double KO (DKO) mice. Full-thickness excisional wounds in DKO mice healed at an accelerated rate when compared with Akt1 KO mice. Isolated dermal Akt1 KO fibroblasts expressed increased TSP2 and displayed altered morphology and defects in migration and adhesion. These defects were rescued in DKO fibroblasts or after TSP2 knockdown. Conversely, the addition of exogenous TSP2 to WT cells induced cell morphology and migration rates that were similar to those of Akt1 KO cells. Akt1 KO fibroblasts displayed reduced adhesion to fibronectin with manganese stimulation when compared with WT and DKO cells, revealing an Akt1-dependent role for TSP2 in regulating integrin-mediated adhesions; however, this effect was not due to changes in β1 integrin surface expression or activation. Consistent with these results, Akt1 KO fibroblasts displayed reduced Rac1 activation that was dependent upon expression of TSP2 and could be rescued by a constitutively active Rac mutant. Our observations show that repression of TSP2 expression is a critical aspect of Akt1 function in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Bancroft
- From the Departments of Pathology, the Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - Sophia Roberts
- the Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Monica Lee
- the Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Pharmacology
| | - David A Calderwood
- the Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Cell Biology, Pharmacology
| | - Martin Schwartz
- the Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Cardiology, and
| | - Michael Simons
- the Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Cardiology, and
| | - William C Sessa
- the Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Pharmacology
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- From the Departments of Pathology, the Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Biomedical Engineering and
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113
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Chou Y, Lin HC, Chen KC, Chang CC, Lee WS, Juan SH. Molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of folate on homocysteine-challenged rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1447-60. [PMID: 23424995 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Homocysteine is an intermediate product formed during the metabolism of methionine, and is increased in cells with folate deficiency. Patients with hyperhomocysteinemia tend to develop cardiovascular disease. Here, we have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of folate on homocysteine-challenged rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cultures of RASMC were challenged with homocysteine and then incubated with folate added. Changes in p21/p27, AKT and RhoA were followed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Transfection and anti-sense techniques were also used. Cell viability, growth and migration were measured. KEY RESULTS Folate up-regulated p21/p27 through a Src/ERK-dependent mechanism that accounted for its anti-proliferative effects on RASMC. Folate protected RASMC from the effects of homocysteine by reducing AKT1, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and p190RhoGAP activation/phosphorylation, along with cytosolic levels of p21 and p27, and increasing RhoA activation. Overexpression of AKT1, but not of AKT2, induced p21/p27 phosphorylation and increased cytosolic p21/p27 levels, as did homocysteine treatment. By contrast, and similarly to folate treatment, transfection with dominant negative (DN) AKT1 counteracted these effects. Additionally, AKT was shown to be an upstream target of FAK activation. In RASMC overexpressing constitutively active RhoA, activation of RhoA mediated the anti-migratory effects of folate. Addition of Y27632 (a RhoA inhibitor) and DNRhoA counteracted the anti-migratory effects, confirming RhoA involvement. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Folate was anti-proliferative and anti-migratory in homocysteine-challenged RASMC. Mechanisms underlying folate-mediated protection against the proatherosclerotic effects of homocysteine have been delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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114
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Ma L, Kerr BA, Prasad SVN, Byzova TV, Somanath PR. Differential effects of Akt1 signaling on short- versus long-term consequences of myocardial infarction and reperfusion injury. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1083-91. [PMID: 25046438 PMCID: PMC4447480 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific role for Akt1 in events following myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is not known. We aimed to determine whether Akt1 deletion in in vivo mouse models of MI and after ischemia I/R injury would alter myocyte survival, cardiac function, and fibrosis. Akt1(+/+) and Akt1(-/-) mice were subjected to MI and I/R, followed by assessment of downstream signaling events and functional consequences. Although no difference in infarct size following short-term MI was observed between Akt1(+/+) and Akt1(-/-) mice, I/R caused substantially more cardiomyocyte apoptosis and tissue damage in Akt1(-/-) mice compared with Akt1(+/+). Importantly, these effects were reversed upon pretreatment with GSK-3 inhibitor SB415286. Counterintuitively, Akt1(-/-) hearts exhibited improved cardiac function following long-term MI compared with Akt1(+/+) and were associated with reduced fibrosis in the left ventricle (LV). Our results demonstrate that Akt1-mediated inhibition of GSK-3 activity is critical for cardioprotection following I/R. However, in the long term, Akt1 contributes to fibrosis in post-MI hearts and might exacerbate cardiac dysfunction showing dichotomous role for Akt1 in cardiac remodeling after MI. Our data suggest that better understanding of the Akt1/GSK-3 pathway may provide insights for better therapeutic strategies in post-MI tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Ma
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Cardiovascular Department, Hainan Provincial People’s Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical center, Augusta, GA, USA,Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center and Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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115
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Hellesøy M, Blois AL, Tiron CE, Mannelqvist M, Akslen LA, Lorens JB. Akt1 activity regulates vessel maturation in a tissue engineering model of angiogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2590-603. [PMID: 24957363 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt kinase is a central signal transduction node that integrates extracellular cues that regulate cell migratory, proliferative, and morphological functions during angiogenesis. However, how Akt activity is modulated and contributes to subsequent vessel maturation is unclear. In this study we investigated the role of Akt1 in vessel maturation using human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVECs) expressing constitutively active and hemiphosphorylated Akt1 epi-alleles with graded kinase activity. HDMVECs expressing Akt1 epi-alleles were analyzed in vivo in a tissue engineering setting using a model of angiogenesis comprising cell-seeded poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds implanted subcutaneously into NOD/SCID murine hosts. The resultant intraimplant microvasculature was quantified for vascular parameters, including vessel diameter, perfusion, vascular density, and pericyte coverage. We found that constitutive Akt1 kinase activity in implanted HDMVECs correlated with loss of neovasculature function. Further, we found that the presence of coimplanted vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in the implants failed to promote blood vessel growth and maturation in a graded, Akt1 kinase activity-dependent manner. These results indicate that constitutive Akt1 activity disrupts the normal blood vessel growth and maturation. Therefore, we suggest that a downregulation of Akt1 activity is necessary for vSMC-induced maturation of newly formed blood vessels to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Hellesøy
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
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116
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Sáez PJ, Villalobos-Labra R, Westermeier F, Sobrevia L, Farías-Jofré M. Modulation of endothelial cell migration by ER stress and insulin resistance: a role during maternal obesity? Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:189. [PMID: 25191269 PMCID: PMC4137259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse microenvironmental stimuli can trigger the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, which initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR), to restore protein-folding homeostasis. Several studies show induction of ER stress during obesity. Chronic UPR has been linked to different mechanisms of disease in obese and diabetic individuals, including insulin resistance (IR) and impaired angiogenesis. Endothelial cell (EC) migration is an initial step for angiogenesis, which is associated with remodeling of existing blood vessels. EC migration occurs according to the leader–follower model, involving coordinated processes of chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and mechanotaxis. Thus, a fine-tuning of EC migration is necessary to provide the right timing to form the required vessels during angiogenesis. ER stress modulates EC migration at different levels, usually impairing migration and angiogenesis, although different effects may be observed depending on the tissue and/or microenvironment. In the context of pregnancy, maternal obesity (MO) induces IR in the offspring. Interestingly, several proteins associated with obesity-induced IR are also involved in EC migration, providing a potential link with the ER stress-dependent alterations observed in obese individuals. Different signaling cascades that converge on cytoskeleton regulation directly impact EC migration, including the Akt and/or RhoA pathways. In addition, ER is the main intracellular reservoir for Ca2+, which plays a pivotal role during EC migration. Therefore, ER stress-related alterations in Ca2+ signaling or Ca2+ levels might also produce distorted EC migration. However, the above findings have been studied in the context of adult obesity, and no information has been reported regarding the effect of MO on fetal EC migration. Here we summarize the state of knowledge about the possible mechanisms by which ER stress and IR might impact EC migration and angiogenesis in fetal endothelium exposed to MO during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián Santiago, Chile ; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland Herston, QL, Australia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcelo Farías-Jofré
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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117
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The role of PI3K/AKT-related PIP5K1α and the discovery of its selective inhibitor for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3689-98. [PMID: 25071204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1405801111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are an important class of molecules that are commonly used for the synthesis of candidate drugs. Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase-α (PIP5Kα) is a lipid kinase, similar to PI3K. However, the role of PIP5K1α in oncogenic processes and the development of inhibitors that selectively target PIP5K1α have not been reported. In the present study we report that overexpression of PIP5K1α is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer and correlates with an elevated level of the androgen receptor. Overexpression of PIP5K1α in PNT1A nonmalignant cells results in an increased AKT activity and an increased survival, as well as invasive malignant phenotype, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of PIP5K1α in aggressive PC-3 cells leads to a reduced AKT activity and an inhibition in tumor growth in xenograft mice. We further report a previously unidentified role for PIP5K1α as a druggable target for our newly developed compound ISA-2011B using a high-throughput KINOMEscan platform. ISA-2011B was discovered during our synthetic studies of C-1 indol-3-yl substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines via a Pictet-Spengler approach. ISA-2011B significantly inhibits growth of tumor cells in xenograft mice, and we show that this is mediated by targeting PIP5K1α-associated PI3K/AKT and the downstream survival, proliferation, and invasion pathways. Further, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PIP5K1α exerts similar effects on PC3 cells as ISA-2011B treatment, significantly inhibiting AKT activity, increasing apoptosis and reducing invasion. Thus, PIP5K1α has high potential as a drug target, and compound ISA-2011B is interesting for further development of targeted cancer therapy.
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118
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Suzuki K, Tanaka S, Yanagi K, Iijima T, Niitani M, Coletta C, Szabo C, Aso Y. Epalrestat induces cell proliferation and migration in endothelial cells via mTOR activation through PI3/Akt signaling. Diabetol Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-013-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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119
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Ruma IMW, Putranto EW, Kondo E, Watanabe R, Saito K, Inoue Y, Yamamoto KI, Nakata S, Kaihata M, Murata H, Sakaguchi M. Extract of Cordyceps militaris inhibits angiogenesis and suppresses tumor growth of human malignant melanoma cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:209-18. [PMID: 24789042 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor development and metastasis. Among several angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF) is important for tumor-derived angiogenesis and commonly overexpressed in solid tumors. Thus, many antitumor strategies targeting VEGF have been developed to inhibit cancer angiogenesis, offering insights into the successful treatment of solid cancers. However, there are a number of issues such as harmful effects on normal vascularity in clinical trials. Taking this into consideration, we employed Cordyceps militaris as an antitumor approach due to its biological safety in vivo. The herbal medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris has been reported to show potential anticancer properties including anti-angiogenic capacity; however, its concrete properties have yet to be fully demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the biological role of Cordyceps militaris extract in tumor cells, especially in regulating angiogenesis and tumor growth of a human malignant melanoma cell line. We demonstrated that Cordyceps militaris extract remarkably suppressed tumor growth via induction of apoptotic cell death in culture that links to the abrogation of VEGF production in melanoma cells. This was followed by mitigation of Akt1 and GSK-3β activation, while p38α phosphorylation levels were increased. Extract treatment in mouse model xenografted with human melanoma cells resulted in a dramatic antitumor effect with down-regulation of VEGF expression. The results suggest that suppression of tumor growth by Cordyceps militaris extract is, at least, mediated by its anti-angiogenicity and apoptosis induction capacities. Cordyceps militaris extract may be a potent antitumor herbal drug for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Winarsa Ruma
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Endy Widya Putranto
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Risayo Watanabe
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Ken Saito
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakata
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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120
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Zhang L, Zhou M, Qin G, Weintraub NL, Tang Y. MiR-92a regulates viability and angiogenesis of endothelial cells under oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:952-8. [PMID: 24650666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, which is prevalent in ageing and atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play a key role in fine-tuning EC functional responses, including apoptosis and angiogenesis. MiR-92a is highly expressed in young endothelial cells in comparison with senescent endothelial cells, which exhibit increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, the impact of miR-92a treatment on EC viability and angiogenesis under oxidative stress is unknown. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Pre-miR-92a treatment decreased H2O2-induced apoptosis of HUVEC as determined by TUNEL assay. Pre-miR-92a treatment enhanced capillary tube formation by HUVEC under oxidative stress, which was blocked by LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt phosphorylation. Interestingly, we also observed that inhibition of miR-92a by anti-miR-92a antisense can also enhance angiogenesis in HUVEC with and without oxidative stress exposure. Our results show that perturbation of miR-92a levels outside of its narrow "homeostatic" range may trigger endothelial cell angiogenesis, suggesting that the role of miR-92a in regulating angiogenesis is controversial and may vary depending on the experimental model and method of regulating miR-92a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia/Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia/Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia/Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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121
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In search of signaling pathways critical for ovarian graft reception: Akt1 is essential for long-term survival of ovarian grafts. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:536-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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122
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Pan Q, Xie X, Guo Y, Wang H. Simvastatin promotes cardiac microvascular endothelial cells proliferation, migration and survival by phosphorylation of p70 S6K and FoxO3a. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:599-609. [PMID: 24375611 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Pan
- Department of Cardiology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Xiaobo Xie
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control; Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Military District; Guangzhou 510507 China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Oncology; State Key Discipline of Cell Biology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710032 China
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123
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Richardson JD, Nelson AJ, Zannettino ACW, Gronthos S, Worthley SG, Psaltis PJ. Optimization of the cardiovascular therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-taking the next step. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:281-302. [PMID: 22529015 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite current treatment options, cardiac failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality highlighting a compelling clinical need for novel therapeutic approaches. Based on promising pre-clinical data, stem cell therapy has been suggested as a possible therapeutic strategy. Of the candidate cell types evaluated, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been widely evaluated due to their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion, potential allogeneic utility and capacity to promote neo-angiogenesis and endogenous cardiac repair. However, the clinical application of MSCs for mainstream cardiovascular use is currently hindered by several important limitations, including suboptimal retention and engraftment and restricted capacity for bona fide cardiomyocyte regeneration. Consequently, this has prompted intense efforts to advance the therapeutic properties of MSCs for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we consider the scope of benefit from traditional plastic adherence-isolated MSCs and the lessons learned from their conventional use in preclinical and clinical studies. Focus is then given to the evolving strategies aimed at optimizing MSC therapy, including discussion of cell-targeted techniques that encompass the preparation, pre-conditioning and manipulation of these cells ex vivo, methods to improve their delivery to the heart and innovative substrate-directed strategies to support their interaction with the host myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Chen J, Ortmeier SB, Savinova OV, Nareddy VB, Beyer AJ, Wang D, Gerdes AM. Thyroid hormone induces sprouting angiogenesis in adult heart of hypothyroid mice through the PDGF-Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2726-35. [PMID: 22681587 PMCID: PMC3448001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of physiological angiogenesis and associated signalling mechanisms in adult heart has been limited by the lack of a robust animal model. We investigated thyroid hormone-induced sprouting angiogenesis and the underlying mechanism. Hypothyroidism was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding with propylthiouracil (PTU). One year of PTU treatment induced heart failure. Both 12 weeks- (young) and 1 year-PTU (middle age) treatment caused a remarkable capillary rarefaction observed in capillary density. Three-day Triiodothyronine (T3) treatment significantly induced cardiac capillary growth in hypothyroid mice. In cultured left ventricle (LV) tissues from PTU-treated mice, T3 also induced robust sprouting angiogenesis where pericyte-wrapped endothelial cells formed tubes. The in vitro T3 angiogenic response was similar in mice pre-treated with PTU for periods ranging from 1.5 to 12 months. Besides bFGF and VEGF164, PDGF-BB was the most robust angiogenic growth factor, which stimulated notable sprouting angiogenesis in cultured hypothyroid LV tissues with increasing potency, but had little effect on tissues from euthyroid mice. T3 treatment significantly increased PDGF receptor beta (PDGFR-β) protein levels in hypothyroid heart. PDGFR inhibitors blocked the action of T3 both on sprouting angiogenesis in cultured LV tissue and on capillary growth in vivo. In addition, activation of Akt signalling mediated in T3-induced angiogenesis was blocked by PDGFR inhibitor and neutralizing antibody. Our results suggest that hypothyroidism leads to cardiac microvascular impairment and rarefaction with increased sensitivity to angiogenic growth factors. T3-induced cardiac sprouting angiogenesis in adult hypothyroid mice was associated with PDGF-BB, PDGFR-β and downstream activation of Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Chen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Center, Sanford Research, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Abstract
An abundance of evidence shows supporting roles for tetraspanin proteins in human cancer. Many studies show that the expression of tetraspanins correlates with tumour stage, tumour type and patient outcome. In addition, perturbations of tetraspanins in tumour cell lines can considerably affect cell growth, morphology, invasion, tumour engraftment and metastasis. This Review emphasizes new studies that have used de novo mouse cancer models to show that select tetraspanin proteins have key roles in tumour initiation, promotion and metastasis. This Review also emphasizes how tetraspanin proteins can sometimes participate in tumour angiogenesis. These recent data build an increasingly strong case for tetraspanins as therapeutic targets.
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126
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Yang L, Zhang J, Wang C, Qin X, Yu Q, Zhou Y, Liu J. Interaction between 8-hydroxyquinoline ruthenium(ii) complexes and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF): inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth through ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Metallomics 2014; 6:518-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00237c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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127
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Bhutani J, Sheikh A, Niazi AK. Akt inhibitors: mechanism of action and implications for anticancer therapeutics. Infect Agent Cancer 2013; 8:49. [PMID: 24330834 PMCID: PMC4028840 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-8-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt, better known as protein kinase B (PKB), is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which acts as mediator via PI3K/Akt pathway in many biological processes like glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell differentiation and transcription. Akt1 gene amplification has been implicated in gastric carcinoma while Akt2 amplification has been linked with ovarian, pancreas, breast and stomach tumors. The use of Akt inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer drugs could be useful for combating drug resistance and improving response. Thus, comprehensive understanding of Akt and its linked signaling pathways (PI3K, PKB, mTOR etc.) is necessary to lead to newer drug development and use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asfandyar Sheikh
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Norisoboldine suppresses VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration via the cAMP-PKA-NF-κB/Notch1 pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81220. [PMID: 24349042 PMCID: PMC3857208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of endothelial cells has been regarded as a potential target for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that norisoboldine (NOR), an alkaloid compound isolated from Radix Linderae, can significantly suppress synovial angiogenesis by selectively inhibiting endothelial cell migration. In this study, we evaluated the importance of various pathways in VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration using specific inhibitor. VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and sprouting were significantly inhibited by H-89 (an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA)) but not by inhibitors of other pathways. NOR markedly suppressed VEGF-induced intracytoplasmic cAMP production and PKA activation and thereby down-regulated the activation of downstream components of the PKA pathway, including enzymes (src, VASP and eNOS) and the transcription factor NF-κB. Moreover, the transcription activation potential of NF-κB, which is related to IκBα phosphorylation and the disruption of the p65/IκBα complex, was reduced by NOR. Meanwhile, NOR selectively inhibited the expression of p-p65 (ser276) but not p-p65 (ser536) or PKAc, indicating that PKAc participates in the regulation of NF-κB by NOR. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays confirmed that NOR inhibited the formation of the PKAc/p65 complex and thereby decreased p65 (ser276) phosphorylation to prevent p65 binding to DNA. Docking models indicated that the affinity of NOR for PKA was higher than that of the original PKA ligand. Moreover, the fact that H-89 improved Notch1 activation, but DAPT (an inhibitor of Notch) failed to affect PKA activation, suggested that PKA may act on upstream of Notch1. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of NOR on endothelial cell migration can be attributed to its modulation of the PKA pathway, especially on the processes of p65/IκBα complex disruption and PKAc/p65 complex formation. These results suggest that NOR inhibit VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration via a cAMP-PKA-NF-κB/Notch1 signaling pathway.
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Anti-cancer activity of an osthole derivative, NBM-T-BMX-OS01: targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling and angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81592. [PMID: 24312323 PMCID: PMC3842266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis occurs during tissue growth, development and wound healing. It is also required for tumor progression and represents a rational target for therapeutic intervention. NBM-T-BMX-OS01 (BMX), derived from the semisynthesis of osthole, an active ingredient isolated from Chinese herb Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss., was recently shown to enhance learning and memory in rats. In this study, we characterized the anti-angiogenic activities of NBM-T-BMX-OS01 (BMX) in an effort to develop novel inhibitors to suppress angiogenesis and tumor growth. BMX inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced proliferation, migration and endothelial tube formation in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). BMX also attenuated VEGF-induced microvessel sprouting from aortic rings ex vivo and reduced HCT116 colorectal cancer cells-induced angiogenesis in vivo. Moreover, BMX inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, FAK, Akt and ERK in HUVECs exposed to VEGF. BMX was also shown to inhibit HCT116 cell proliferation and to suppress the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of HCT116 cells in vivo. Taken together, this study provides evidence that BMX modulates vascular endothelial cell remodeling and leads to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. These results also support the role of BMX as a potential drug candidate and warrant the clinical development in the treatment of cancer.
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130
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Costello PM, Hollis LJ, Cripps RL, Bearpark N, Patel HP, Sayer AA, Cooper C, Hanson MA, Ozanne SE, Green LR. Lower maternal body condition during pregnancy affects skeletal muscle structure and glut-4 protein levels but not glucose tolerance in mature adult sheep. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1144-55. [PMID: 23420826 PMCID: PMC3766346 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113477494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Suboptimal maternal nutrition and body composition are implicated in metabolic disease risk in adult offspring. We hypothesized that modest disruption of glucose homeostasis previously observed in young adult sheep offspring from ewes of a lower body condition score (BCS) would deteriorate with age, due to changes in skeletal muscle structure and insulin signaling mechanisms. Ewes were fed to achieve a lower (LBCS, n = 10) or higher (HBCS, n = 14) BCS before and during pregnancy. Baseline plasma glucose, glucose tolerance and basal glucose uptake into isolated muscle strips were similar in male offspring at 210 ± 4 weeks. Vastus total myofiber density (HBCS, 343 ± 15; LBCS, 294 ± 14 fibers/mm(2), P < .05) and fast myofiber density (HBCS, 226 ± 10; LBCS 194 ± 10 fibers/mm(2), P < .05), capillary to myofiber ratio (HBCS, 1.5 ± 0.1; LBCS 1.2 ± 0.1 capillary:myofiber, P < .05) were lower in LBCS offspring. Vastus protein levels of Akt1 were lower (83% ± 7% of HBCS, P < .05), and total glucose transporter 4 was increased (157% ± 6% of HBCS, P < .001) in LBCS offspring, Despite the reduction in total myofiber density in LBCS offspring, glucose tolerance was normal in mature adult life. However, such adaptations may lead to complications in metabolic control in an overabundant postnatal nutrient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M. Costello
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lisa J. Hollis
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Roselle L. Cripps
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Natasha Bearpark
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Harnish P. Patel
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark A. Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy R. Green
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Wu W, Zhang S, Li X, Xue M, Cao S, Chen W. Ets-2 regulates cell apoptosis via the Akt pathway, through the regulation of urothelial cancer associated 1, a long non-coding RNA, in bladder cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73920. [PMID: 24069250 PMCID: PMC3771932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the human genome is transcribed and generates non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that fail to encode protein information. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a novel class of ncRNAs, but our knowledge about these ncRNAs is limited. Previously, our laboratory has identified that a lncRNA, Urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1), played an important role in bladder cancer. Despite the recent interest in UCA1 as a diagnostic marker for bladder cancer, little is known about its transcriptional regulation. To elucidate the regulation of UCA1 gene expression, we have characterized the human UCA1 gene promoter. A 2.0-kb fragment of its 5' flanking region was cloned into a luciferase reporter vector. Deletion and mutation analysis suggested that an Ets-2 binding site was critical for UCA1 gene promoter activity. Further analysis of this site by gel shifting, chromatin immune precipitation (ChIP), and co-transfection experiments showed that transcription factor Ets-2 directly bound to the UCA1 promoter region and stimulated UCA1 promoter activity in bladder cancer cells. Taking into account the anti-apoptosis function of Ets-2, our data suggested that Ets-2 regulates apoptosis process by regulating the expression of UCA1, moreover UCA1 may be involved in the activation of Akt signaling pathway by Ets-2 in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuwan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xu Li
- Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Sancheng Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail:
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Solodushko V, Khader HA, Fouty BW. Serum can overcome contact inhibition in confluent human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71490. [PMID: 23940764 PMCID: PMC3735496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) in an intact vessel are continually exposed to serum, but unless injured, do not proliferate, constrained by confluence. In contrast, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) attain, and maintain, confluence in the presence of minimal serum, protected from serum's stimulatory effects except when the endothelial barrier becomes more permeable. We hypothesized therefore, that confluent PASMC may be less constrained by contact inhibition in the presence of serum than PAEC and tested this idea by exposing confluent non-transformed human PAEC and PASMC to media containing increasing concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and determining cell growth over 7 days. PAEC that had attained confluence in low serum did not proliferate even when exposed to 5% serum, the highest concentration tested. In contrast, PASMC that attained confluence in low serum did proliferate once serum levels were increased, an effect that was dose dependent. Consistent with this observation, PASMC had more BrdU incorporation and a greater percentage of cells in S phase in 5% compared to 0.2% FBS, whereas no such difference was seen in PAEC. These results suggest that confluent human PAEC are resistant to the stimulatory effects of serum, whereas confluent PASMC can proliferate when serum levels are increased, an effect mediated in part by differences in phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. This observation may be relevant to understanding the PASMC hyperplasia observed in humans and animals with pulmonary hypertension in which changes in endothelial permeability due to hypoxia or injury expose the underlying smooth muscle to serum.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Contact Inhibition/drug effects
- Culture Media/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Oncogene Protein v-akt/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/physiology
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
- Serum/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Solodushko
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Heba A. Khader
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Brian W. Fouty
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine/Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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133
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Kerr BA, Ma L, West XZ, Ding L, Malinin NL, Weber ME, Tischenko M, Goc A, Somanath PR, Penn MS, Podrez EA, Byzova TV. Interference with akt signaling protects against myocardial infarction and death by limiting the consequences of oxidative stress. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra67. [PMID: 23921086 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The intricacy of multiple feedback loops in the pathways downstream of Akt allows this kinase to control multiple cellular processes in the cardiovascular system and precludes inferring consequences of its activation in specific pathological conditions. Akt1, the major Akt isoform in the heart and vasculature, has a protective role in the endothelium during atherosclerosis. However, Akt1 activation may also have detrimental consequences in the cardiovascular system. Mice lacking both the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type I) and ApoE (apolipoprotein E), which promotes clearance of remnant lipoproteins, are a model of severe dyslipidemia and spontaneous myocardial infarction. We found that Akt1 was activated in these mice, and this activation correlated with cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis; increased infarct area; cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and atherosclerosis; and reduced life span. Akt1 activation was associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, accumulation of oxidized lipids, and increased abundance of CD36, a major sensor of oxidative stress, and these events created a positive feedback loop that exacerbated the consequences of oxidative stress. Genetic deletion of Akt1 in this mouse model resulted in decreased mortality, alleviation of multiple complications of heart disease, and reduced occurrence of spontaneous myocardial infarction. Thus, interference with Akt1 signaling in vivo could be protective and improve survival under dyslipidemic conditions by reducing oxidative stress and responses to oxidized lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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134
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Rajput S, Kumar BNP, Sarkar S, Das S, Azab B, Santhekadur PK, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB, Mandal M. Targeted apoptotic effects of thymoquinone and tamoxifen on XIAP mediated Akt regulation in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61342. [PMID: 23613836 PMCID: PMC3629226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is constitutively expressed endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis, exhibit its antiapoptotic effect by inactivating key caspases such as caspase-3, caspase-7 and caspase-9 and also play pivotal role in rendering cancer chemoresistance. Our studies showed the coadministration of TQ and TAM resulting in a substantial increase in breast cancer cell apoptosis and marked inhibition of cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive potential of TQ and TAM was assessed through in vitro studies. This novel combinatorial regimen leads to regulation of multiple cell signaling targets including inactivation of Akt and XIAP degradation. At molecular level, TQ and TAM synergistically lowers XIAP expression resulting in binding and activation of caspase-9 in apoptotic cascade, and interfere with cell survival through PI3-K/Akt pathway by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. Cleaved caspase-9 further processes other intracellular death substrates such as PARP thereby shifting the balance from survival to apoptosis, indicated by rise in the sub-G1 cell population. This combination also downregulates the expression of Akt-regulated downstream effectors such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and induce expression of Bax, AIF, cytochrome C and p-27. Consistent with these results, overexpression studies further confirmed the involvement of XIAP and its regulatory action on Akt phosphorylation along with procaspase-9 and PARP cleavage in TQ-TAM coadministrated induced apoptosis. The ability of TQ and TAM in inhibiting XIAP was confirmed through siRNA-XIAP cotransfection studies. This novel modality may be a promising tool in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Rajput
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - B. N. Prashanth Kumar
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Siddik Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy (VCU) Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Subhasis Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Belal Azab
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy (VCU) Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Prasanna K. Santhekadur
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy (VCU) Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy (VCU) Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy (VCU) Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy (VCU) Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy (VCU) Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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135
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Circulating levels of novel adipocytokines in patients with colorectal cancer. Cytokine 2013; 62:81-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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137
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Qu Z, Miao W, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Fu C, Han J, Liu Y. Analysis of crucial molecules involved in herniated discs and degenerative disc disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:225-30. [PMID: 23525320 PMCID: PMC3584278 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(02)oa17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Herniated discs and degenerative disc disease are major health problems worldwide. However, their pathogenesis remains obscure. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of these ailments and to identify underlying therapeutic targets. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the GSE23130 microarray datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, differentially co-expressed genes and links were identified using the differentially co-expressed gene and link method with a false discovery rate ,0.25 as a significant threshold. Subsequently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the differential co-expression of these genes were investigated using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. In addition, the transcriptional regulatory relationship was also investigated. RESULTS Through the analysis of the gene expression profiles of different specimens from patients with these diseases, 539 differentially co-expressed genes were identified for these ailments. The ten most significant signaling pathways involving the differentially co-expressed genes were identified by enrichment analysis. Among these pathways, apoptosis and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathways have been reported to be related to these diseases. A total of 62 pairs of regulatory relationships between transcription factors and their target genes were identified as critical for the pathogenesis of these diseases. CONCLUSION The results of our study will help to identify the mechanisms responsible for herniated discs and degenerative disc disease and provides a theoretical basis for further therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Province, China
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138
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Xie R, Li X, Ling Y, Shen C, Wu X, Xu W, Gao X. Alpha-lipoic acid pre- and post-treatments provide protection against in vitro ischemia-reperfusion injury in cerebral endothelial cells via Akt/mTOR signaling. Brain Res 2012; 1482:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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139
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Al-Azayzih A, Gao F, Goc A, Somanath PR. TGFβ1 induces apoptosis in invasive prostate cancer and bladder cancer cells via Akt-independent, p38 MAPK and JNK/SAPK-mediated activation of caspases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:165-70. [PMID: 22989755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that advanced stage cancers shun the tumor suppressive actions of TGFβ and inexplicably utilize the cytokine as a tumor promoter. We investigated the effect of TGFβ1 on the survival and proliferation of invasive prostate (PC3) and bladder (T24) cancer cells. Our study indicated that TGFβ1 decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in invasive human PC3 and T24 cells via activation of p38 MAPK-JNK-Caspase9/8/3 pathway. Surprisingly, no change in the phosphorylation of pro-survival Akt kinase was observed. We postulate that TGFβ1 pathway may be utilized for specifically targeting urological cancers without inflicting side effects on normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Azayzih
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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140
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Goc A, Kochuparambil ST, Al-Husein B, Al-Azayzih A, Mohammad S, Somanath PR. Simultaneous modulation of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by simvastatin in mediating prostate cancer cell apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:409. [PMID: 22974127 PMCID: PMC3522038 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest the potential benefits of statins as anti-cancer agents. Mechanisms by which statins induce apoptosis in cancer cells are not clear. We previously showed that simvastatin inhibit prostate cancer cell functions and tumor growth. Molecular mechanisms by which simvastatin induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells is not completely understood. Methods Effect of simvastatin on PC3 cell apoptosis was compared with docetaxel using apoptosis, TUNEL and trypan blue viability assays. Protein expression of major candidates of the intrinsic pathway downstream of simvastatin-mediated Akt inactivation was analyzed. Gene arrays and western analysis of PC3 cells and tumor lysates were performed to identify the candidate genes mediating extrinsic apoptosis pathway by simvastatin. Results Data indicated that simvastatin inhibited intrinsic cell survival pathway in PC3 cells by enhancing phosphorylation of Bad, reducing the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and cleaved caspases 9/3. Over-expression of PC3 cells with Bcl-2 or DN-caspase 9 did not rescue the simvastatin-induced apoptosis. Simvastatin treatment resulted in increased mRNA and protein expression of molecules such as TNF, Fas-L, Traf1 and cleaved caspase 8, major mediators of intrinsic apoptosis pathway and reduced protein levels of pro-survival genes Lhx4 and Nme5. Conclusions Our study provides the first report that simvastatin simultaneously modulates intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in the regulation of prostate cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, and render reasonable optimism that statins could become an attractive anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.
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141
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Chiu WC, Lin JY, Lee TS, You LR, Chiang AN. β₂-glycoprotein I inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell growth and migration via suppressing phosphorylation of VEGFR2, ERK1/2, and Akt. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 372:9-15. [PMID: 22956423 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
β(2)-glycoprotein I (β(2)-GPI) is a plasma glycoprotein with diverse functions, but the impact and molecular effects of β(2)-GPI on vascular biology are as yet unclear. Based on the limited information available on the contribution of β(2)-GPI to endothelial cells, we investigated the effect of β(2)-GPI on cell growth and migration in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The regulation of β(2)-GPI as part of intracellular signaling in HAECs was also examined. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a pro-angiogenic factor that may regulate endothelial functions. We found that β(2)-GPI dose-dependently inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell growth using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and cell counts. Using wound healing and Boyden chamber assays, β(2)-GPI remarkably reduced VEGF-increased cell migration at the physiological concentration. Furthermore, β(2)-GPI suppressed VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and Akt. These results suggest that β(2)-GPI plays an essential role in the down-regulation of VEGF-induced endothelial responses and may be a useful component for anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chin Chiu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Shih-Pai, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, Republic of China
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142
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Doucette CD, Hilchie AL, Liwski R, Hoskin DW. Piperine, a dietary phytochemical, inhibits angiogenesis. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:231-9. [PMID: 22902327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor progression. Piperine, a major alkaloid constituent of black pepper, has diverse physiological actions including killing of cancer cells; however, the effect of piperine on angiogenesis is not known. Here we show that piperine inhibited the proliferation and G(1)/S transition of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) without causing cell death. Piperine also inhibited HUVEC migration and tubule formation in vitro, as well as collagen-induced angiogenic activity by rat aorta explants and breast cancer cell-induced angiogenesis in chick embryos. Although piperine binds to and activates the cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), its effects on endothelial cells did not involve TRPV1 since the antiproliferative effect of piperine was not affected by TRPV1-selective antagonists, nor did HUVECs express detectable TRPV1 mRNA. Importantly, piperine inhibited phosphorylation of Ser 473 and Thr 308 residues of Akt (protein kinase B), which is a key regulator of endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Consistent with Akt inhibition as the basis of piperine's action on HUVECs, inhibition of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway with LY-294002 also inhibited HUVEC proliferation and collagen-induced angiogenesis. Taken together, these data support the further investigation of piperine as an angiogenesis inhibitor for use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Doucette
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, PO Box 15000, Nova Scotia, Canada
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143
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Shankarraman V, Davis-Gorman G, McDonagh PF, Caplan MR. Intracellular signaling controls endothelial cell prostacyclin secretion and regulation of blood clotting time. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:3374-83. [PMID: 22767493 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood is constantly in contact with a biological material, the blood vessel wall, without the need for anticoagulants to prevent clot formation on the vessel wall; however, man-made biomaterials require anticoagulants to prevent clot formation on the biomaterial. This study seeks to understand how some biomaterials elicit anticoagulant responses from endothelial cells (ECs), whereas others do not. Partial least squares regression analysis was used to correlate the activity of four relevant signaling molecules [extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt, and IκB kinase (IKK)] with human umbilical vein EC secretion of prostacyclin and clotting time of whole blood in contact with these cells. Prostacyclin secretion was increased when JNK activity (mean of all time-points) was elevated and IKK activity at 30 min was reduced. In addition, the clotting time, R-time measured by thromboelastography, was increased (reduced coagulability) when activity of both ERK and JNK (mean of all time-points) were increased and when Akt activity was increased at longer contact times (24-72 h after cell contact with material). Inhibition of each signaling molecule with subsequent testing for prostacyclin secretion and R-time confirmed the interrelationship between EC intracellular signaling and prostacyclin secretion. Generally, JNK inhibition decreased and IKK inhibition increased prostacyclin secretion. Inhibition of ERK or JNK generally increased coagulability, and Akt inhibition decreased the R-time of samples normally eliciting reduced coagulability. These findings increase our understanding of the signaling pathways involved in endothelial prostacyclin release and suggest targets for developing EC-seeded biomaterial surfaces that can minimize coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Shankarraman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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144
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Goc A, Liu J, Byzova TV, Somanath PR. Akt1 mediates prostate cancer cell microinvasion and chemotaxis to metastatic stimuli via integrin β₃ affinity modulation. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:713-23. [PMID: 22767145 PMCID: PMC3419951 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of Akt and increased expression of integrin β3 are the two most important changes that have been linked to the attainment of metastatic potential by prostate cancer cells. However, a direct link between Akt activity and inside-out activation of integrin β3 in mediating prostate cancer cell metastatic properties is not established. Methods: Using functional and biochemical approaches, we examined the role of Akt1 in the affinity modulation of integrin β3 in prostate cancer cells. Results: Although expression of murine TRAMP and human PC3 cells with constitutively active Akt1 (CA-Akt1) enhanced their affinity for integrin αvβ3 specific ligands and motility on various extracellular matrix proteins, the reverse was observed with the expression of dominant-negative Akt1 (DN-Akt1). Although enhanced motility and transendothelial migration of CA-Akt1-expressing cells were blunted by co-expression with DN-integrin β3 or upon pre-treatment with integrin β3-blocking antibodies (LM 609), impaired motility and transendothelial migration of DN-Akt1-expressing cells were rescued by pre-treatment of prostate cancer cells with integrin β3-activating antibodies, AP7.4. Conclusion: Our data is the first to demonstrate a link between Akt1 activity and affinity modulation of integrin β3 in the regulation of prostate cancer cell motility, transendothelial migration and chemotaxis to metastatic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goc
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, HM1200, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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145
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Tesfay L, Huhn AJ, Hatcher H, Torti FM, Torti SV. Ferritin blocks inhibitory effects of two-chain high molecular weight kininogen (HKa) on adhesion and survival signaling in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40030. [PMID: 22768328 PMCID: PMC3388046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is tightly regulated through complex crosstalk between pro- and anti-angiogenic signals. High molecular weight kininogen (HK) is an endogenous protein that is proteolytically cleaved in plasma and on endothelial cell surfaces to HKa, an anti-angiogenic protein. Ferritin binds to HKa and blocks its anti-angiogenic activity. Here, we explore mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective effect of ferritin in endothelial cells exposed to HKa. We observe that ferritin promotes adhesion and survival of HKa-treated cells and restores key survival and adhesion signaling pathways mediated by Erk, Akt, FAK and paxillin. We further elucidate structural motifs of both HKa and ferritin that are required for effects on endothelial cells. We identify an histidine-glycine-lysine (HGK) -rich antiproliferative region within domain 5 of HK as the target of ferritin, and demonstrate that both ferritin subunits of the H and L type regulate HKa activity. We further demonstrate that ferritin reduces binding of HKa to endothelial cells and restores the association of uPAR with α5β1 integrin. We propose that ferritin blocks the anti-angiogenic activity of HKa by reducing binding of HKa to UPAR and interfering with anti-adhesive and anti-proliferative signaling of HKa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Tesfay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Annissa J. Huhn
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Heather Hatcher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Frank M. Torti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suzy V. Torti
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim JW, Jung SY, Kwon YH, Lee JH, Lee YM, Lee BY, Kwon SM. Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates tumor angiogenesis via inhibiting bioactivities of endothelial progenitor cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:504-15. [PMID: 22406998 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.19599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that Ginsenoside Rg3 appears to inhibit tumor growth including Lewis lung carcinoma, intestinal adenocarcinomas or B16 melanoma by inhibiting cell proliferation, tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) appear to play a key role in the growth of early tumors by intervening with the angiogenic switch promoting tumor neovessel formation by producing angiogenic cytokines during tumor progression. This paper reports a novel mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg3, a candidate anticancer bio-molecule, on tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the multiple bioactivities of EPCs. When Ginsenoside Rg3 was applied to the ex vivo cultured outgrowth ECs, a type of EPCs, it inhibited the cell proliferation, cell migration and tubular formation of EPCs. Importantly, Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuated the phosphorylation cascade of the VEGF dependent p38/ERK signaling in vitro. The xenograft tumor model clearly showed that Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the mobilization of EPCs from the bone marrow microenvironment to the peripheral circulation and modulates VEGF-dependent tumor angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study provides a potential therapeutic molecule, Ginsenoside Rg3, as an anticancer drug by inhibiting the EPC bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Laboratory for Functional Foods & Nutrigenomics, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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147
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Usnic acid inhibits breast tumor angiogenesis and growth by suppressing VEGFR2-mediated AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Angiogenesis 2012; 15:421-32. [PMID: 22669534 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth depends on angiogenesis and inducing angiogenesis is one of the most important hallmarks in the cancer development. Treatment with small molecules that inhibit angiogenesis has been an effective strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Some anti-angiogenic factors are derived from traditional Chinese herbs. Usnic acid (UA), an active compound mainly found in lichens, has shown some biological and physiological activities. However, the role and mechanism of UA in tumor angiogenesis are still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of UA on tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that UA strongly inhibited in vivo angiogenesis in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced mouse corneal angiogenesis model. In a mouse xenograft tumor model, UA suppressed Bcap-37 breast tumor growth and angiogenesis without affecting mice body weight. In an in vitro assay, UA not only significantly inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation, but also induced morphological changes and apoptosis in endothelial cells. In addition, UA inhibited Bcap-37 tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, western blot analysis of cell signaling molecules indicated that UA blocked vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 mediated Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2(ERK1/2) and AKT/P70S6K signaling pathways in endothelial cells. These results provided the first evidence of the biological function and molecular mechanism of UA in tumor angiogenesis.
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148
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Tramentozzi E, Tibaldi E, Brunati AM, Pagetta A, Finotti P. Crucial role of HSP90 in the Akt-dependent promotion of angiogenic-like effect of glucose-regulated protein94 (Grp94)-IgG complexes. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2768-80. [PMID: 21323861 PMCID: PMC4373444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous observations showed that complexes of glucose-regulated protein94 (Grp94) with human IgG, both those isolated from plasma of diabetic subjects and complexes formed in vitro, displayed cytokine-like effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), including angiogenic-like transformation capacity that predicted an increased risk of vascular damage. The aim of the present work was to find an effective inhibitor of the angiogenic-like effect of Grp94-IgG complexes. Because this effect is mediated by an increased expression of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), we tested the selective MMP-9 inhibitor, the cyclic decapeptide CTT (CTTHWGFTLC) at 5, 10 and 20 μM. CCT failed to inhibit any morphological alteration induced by Grp94-IgG on HUVECs, on its own displaying a paradoxical angiogenic-like activity. We identified the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway as the specific target activated by both Grp94-IgG and CTT for sustaining the angiogenic-like transformation of HUVECs. Functioning of the PI3K/Akt pathway was crucially dependent on functional heat-shock protein (HSP)90, and both Grp94-IgG and CTT caused and increased expression of HSP90, promoting its localization to podosomes. CTT appeared to enhance the angiogenic-like effect of Grp94-IgG by increasing the rate of secretion of both HSP90 and MMP-9. By preventing the chaperoning capacity of HSP90 with the inhibitor purine-scaffold (PU)-H71 that blocked the ATP-binding site on HSP90, it was possible to inhibit the expression of Akt and secretion of HSP90 and MMP-9 induced by Grp94-IgG, thus completely reversing the angiogenic pattern. Results reveal a fundamental role of HSP90 in the PI3K/Akt pathway-mediated angiogenic-like effect of Grp94-IgG, also questioning the capacity of CTT to serve as an effective inhibitor of the angiogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tramentozzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti, Padova, Italy
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Jang S, Park JW, Cha HR, Jung SY, Lee JE, Jung SS, Kim JO, Kim SY, Lee CS, Park HS. Silver nanoparticles modify VEGF signaling pathway and mucus hypersecretion in allergic airway inflammation. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1329-43. [PMID: 22457593 PMCID: PMC3310409 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s27159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory action of silver nanoparticles (NPs) has been reported in a murine model of asthma in a previous study. But more specific mechanisms of silver NPs in an attenuation of allergic airway inflammation have not yet been established. Vascular and mucous changes are believed to contribute largely in pathophysiology in asthma. Among various factors related to vascular changes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in vascular changes in asthma. Mucin proteins MUC5AC and MUC5B have been implicated as markers of goblet cell metaplasia in lung pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of silver NPs on VEGF signaling pathways and mucus hypersecretion. Ovalbumin (OVA)-inhaled female BALBc mice were used to evaluate the role of silver NPs and the related molecular mechanisms in allergic airway disease. In this study, with an OVA-induced murine model of allergic airway disease, it was found that the increased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, VEGF, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated-Akt levels, and mucous glycoprotein expression (Muc5ac) in lung tissues were substantially decreased by the administration of silver NPs. In summary, silver NPs substantially suppressed mucus hypersecretion and PI3K/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in an allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyae Jang
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daesadong, Daejeon, South Korea
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150
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Kim JW, Jung SY, Kwon YH, Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee BY, Kwon SM. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits endothelial progenitor cell differentiation through attenuation of VEGF-dependent Akt/eNOS signaling. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1286-93. [PMID: 22253055 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role both in vascular repair after cell transplantation for ischemic diseases and in the growth of early tumors by intervening with the angiogenic switch during tumor progression. This paper reports on the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 in EPCs as a candidate angiogenesis inhibitor for in vitro functional assays. CD34⁺ cells were isolated from human cord blood and the study investigated whether or not ginsenoside Rg3 regulated EPC bioactivities including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and tube formation. Although ginsenoside Rg3 did not affect the ex vivo expansion of CD34 and/or KDR (VEGFR2) stem/progenitor cells, treatment with ginsenoside Rg3 led to a significant decrease in CD34-expressing cells, specifically the absolute number of expanded CD34⁺ cells. Importantly, a significantly decreased number of EPC colony-forming units among human cord blood-derived CD34⁺ cells was observed, implying that ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited EPC differentiation, in particular, the commitment to primitive EPC colonies (the early stage of EPC differentiation). Moreover, treatment of CD34-derived EPCs with ginsenoside Rg3 resulted in the attenuation of VEGF-dependent Akt/eNOS signaling as well as the inhibition of migration and tube formation. In conclusion, this study provides in vitro evidence for ginsenoside Rg3 as a potential therapeutic molecule, specifically as an angiogenesis inhibitor that functions by attenuating EPC bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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