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Fernandez O, Urrutia M, Berton T, Bernillon S, Deborde C, Jacob D, Maucourt M, Maury P, Duruflé H, Gibon Y, Langlade NB, Moing A. Metabolomic characterization of sunflower leaf allows discriminating genotype groups or stress levels with a minimal set of metabolic markers. Metabolomics 2019; 15:56. [PMID: 30929085 PMCID: PMC6441456 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plant and crop metabolomic analyses may be used to study metabolism across genetic and environmental diversity. Complementary analytical strategies are useful for investigating metabolic changes and searching for biomarkers of response or performance. METHODS AND OBJECTIVES The experimental material consisted in eight sunflower lines with two line status, four restorers (R, used as males) and four maintainers (B, corresponding to females) routinely used for sunflower hybrid varietal production, respectively to complement or maintain the cytoplasmic male sterility PET1. These lines were either irrigated at full soil capacity (WW) or submitted to drought stress (DS). Our aim was to combine targeted and non-targeted metabolomics to characterize sunflower leaf composition in order to investigate the effect of line status genotypes and environmental conditions and to find the best and smallest set of biomarkers for line status and stress response using a custom-made process of variables selection. RESULTS Five hundred and eighty-eight metabolic variables were measured by using complementary analytical methods such as 1H-NMR, MS-based profiles and targeted analyses of major metabolites. Based on statistical analyses, a limited number of markers were able to separate WW and DS samples in a more discriminant manner than previously published physiological data. Another metabolic marker set was able to discriminate line status. CONCLUSION This study underlines the potential of metabolic markers for discriminating genotype groups and environmental conditions. Their potential use for prediction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fernandez
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Present Address: Laboratoire RIBP, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse Chemin des Rouliers, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Maria Urrutia
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- UMR AgroImpact, INRA, Estrées-Mons, 80203 Péronne, France
- Present Address: Enza Zaden Centro de Investigacion S.L., Santa Maria del Aguila, 04710 Almeria, Spain
| | - Thierry Berton
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Present Address: Centre for CardioVascular and Nutrition, UMR INRA-INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, 13005 Marseilles, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Daniel Jacob
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Present Address: Enza Zaden Centro de Investigacion S.L., Santa Maria del Aguila, 04710 Almeria, Spain
| | - Pierre Maury
- UMR LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Harold Duruflé
- UMR LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas B. Langlade
- UMR LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Annunziata MG, Ciarmiello LF, Woodrow P, Dell’Aversana E, Carillo P. Spatial and Temporal Profile of Glycine Betaine Accumulation in Plants Under Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:230. [PMID: 30899269 PMCID: PMC6416205 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Several halophytes and a few crop plants, including Poaceae, synthesize and accumulate glycine betaine (GB) in response to environmental constraints. GB plays an important role in osmoregulation, in fact, it is one of the main nitrogen-containing compatible osmolytes found in Poaceae. It can interplay with molecules and structures, preserving the activity of macromolecules, maintaining the integrity of membranes against stresses and scavenging ROS. Exogenous GB applications have been proven to induce the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses, with a restriction of ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation in cultured tobacco cells under drought and salinity, and even stabilizing photosynthetic structures under stress. In the plant kingdom, GB is synthesized from choline by a two-step oxidation reaction. The first oxidation is catalyzed by choline monooxygenase (CMO) and the second oxidation is catalyzed by NAD+-dependent betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. Moreover, in plants, the cytosolic enzyme, named N-methyltransferase, catalyzes the conversion of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine. However, changes in CMO expression genes under abiotic stresses have been observed. GB accumulation is ontogenetically controlled since it happens in young tissues during prolonged stress, while its degradation is generally not significant in plants. This ability of plants to accumulate high levels of GB in young tissues under abiotic stress, is independent of nitrogen (N) availability and supports the view that plant N allocation is dictated primarily to supply and protect the growing tissues, even under N limitation. Indeed, the contribution of GB to osmotic adjustment and ionic and oxidative stress defense in young tissues, is much higher than that in older ones. In this review, the biosynthesis and accumulation of GB in plants, under several abiotic stresses, were analyzed focusing on all possible roles this metabolite can play, particularly in young tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Annunziata
- Department of Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Loredana Filomena Ciarmiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Woodrow
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Emilia Dell’Aversana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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103
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Pan Y, Zhang S, Yuan M, Song H, Wang T, Zhang W, Zhang Z. Effect of glycine betaine on chilling injury in relation to energy metabolism in papaya fruit during cold storage. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1123-1130. [PMID: 30918655 PMCID: PMC6418457 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
"Zhongbai" papaya fruit were treated with 15 mmol/L glycine betaine (GB) and then refrigerated at 6°C for 40 days to study the influence of GB on chilling injury (CI) and possible mechanism associated with energy metabolism. The results exhibited that GB treatment remarkably reduced the CI severity as indicated by lower CI index during storage. GB treatment lowered electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, which accounted for maintenance of membrane integrity and reduced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, GB treatment improved the energy status as revealed by increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, energy charge, and activities of energy metabolism-related enzymes including mitochondrial membrane H+-adenosine triphosphatase (H+-ATPase) and Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and cytochrome C oxidase (CCO). The results indicate that enhanced chilling tolerance in papaya fruit by GB treatment during cold storage might be ascribed to improved energy status in association with increased activities of energy metabolism-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Pan
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Shanying Zhang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Mengqi Yuan
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Hanliang Song
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikouChina
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104
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Marček T, Hamow KÁ, Végh B, Janda T, Darko E. Metabolic response to drought in six winter wheat genotypes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212411. [PMID: 30779775 PMCID: PMC6380608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important cereals, whose growth and development is strongly limited by drought. This study investigated the physiological and metabolic response of six winter wheat cultivars to drought with the emphasis on the induction of dominant metabolites affected by the treatment and genotypes or both. The plants were exposed to a moderate (non-lethal) drought stress, which was induced by withholding watering for six days under controlled greenhouse conditions. A decline in CO2 assimilation (Pn) and transpiration rate, stomata closure, a decrease in relative water content (RWC) and increase of malondialdehyde content were observed in drought-treated plants of all cultivars. These changes were most pronounced in Ellvis, while Soissons was able to retain the higher RWC and Pn. Among the studied metabolites, sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, several disaccharides), organic acids (malic acid, oxalic acids), amino acids (proline, threonine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine) and sugar alcohols such as myo-inositol accumulated to higher levels in the plants exposed to drought stress in comparison with the control. The accumulation of several metabolites in response to drought differed between the genotypes. Drought induced the production of sucrose, malic acid and oxalic acid, unknown organic acid 1, unknown disaccharide 1, 2 and 3, GABA, L-threonine, glutamic acid in four (Soissons, Žitarka, Antonija or Toborzó) out of six genotypes. In addition, Soissons, which was the most drought tolerant genotype, accumulated the highest amount of unknown disaccharide 5, galactonic and phosphoric acids. The two most drought sensitive cultivars, Srpanjka and Ellvis, demonstrated different metabolic adjustment in response to the stress treatment. Srpanjka responded to drought by increasing the amount of glucose and fructose originated from hydrolyses of sucrose and accumulating unidentified sugar alcohols 1 and 2. In Ellvis, drought caused inhibition of photosynthetic carbon metabolism, as evidence by the decreased Pn, gs, RWC and accumulation levels of sugar metabolites (sucrose, glucose and fructose). The results revealed the differences in metabolic response to drought among the genotypes, which drew attention on metabolites related with general response and on those metabolites which are part of specific response that may play an important role in drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Marček
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- Department of Zoology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Balázs Végh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Eva Darko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
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Thermopriming reprograms metabolic homeostasis to confer heat tolerance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:181. [PMID: 30655560 PMCID: PMC6336788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress threatens agriculture worldwide. Plants acquire heat stress tolerance through priming, which establishes stress memory during mild or severe transient heat stress. Such induced thermotolerance restructures metabolic networks and helps maintain metabolic homeostasis under heat stress. Here, we used an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-based platform to explore the composition and dynamics of the metabolome of Arabidopsis thaliana under heat stress and identify metabolites involved in thermopriming. Primed plants performed better than non-primed plants under severe heat stress due to altered energy pathways and increased production of branched-chain amino acids, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), lipolysis products, and tocopherols. These metabolites serve as osmolytes, antioxidants and growth precursors to help plants recover from heat stress, while lipid metabolites help protect membranes against heat stress. The carbohydrate (e.g., sucrose and RFOs) and lipid superpathway metabolites showed the most significant increases. Under heat stress, there appears to be crosstalk between carbohydrate metabolism (i.e., the thermomemory metabolites stachyose, galactinol, and raffinose) and tyrosine metabolism towards the production of the thermomemory metabolite salidroside, a phenylethanoid glycoside. Crosstalk occurs between two glycerophospholipid pathways (the biosynthetic pathways of the thermomemory metabolite S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and the terpenoid backbone) and the δ-tocopherol (chloroplast lipid) pathway, which favors the production of glycine betaine and other essential tocopherols, respectively, compounds which are essential for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Therefore, metabolomic analysis can provide comprehensive insights into the metabolites involved in stress responses, which could facilitate plant breeding to maximize crop yields under adverse conditions.
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106
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Li D, Zhang T, Wang M, Liu Y, Brestic M, Chen THH, Yang X. Genetic Engineering of the Biosynthesis of Glycine Betaine Modulates Phosphate Homeostasis by Regulating Phosphate Acquisition in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1995. [PMID: 30687378 PMCID: PMC6335352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB), as a putative compatible substance, protects plants against the damaging effects of abiotic stresses. Phosphorus deficiency is one type of abiotic stress that is detrimental to plant growth. Maintenance of phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is crucial. This study demonstrates GB-regulated phosphate homeostasis in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Moneymaker') transformed with the choline oxidase gene codA from Arthrobacter globiformis. The codA-transgenic lines displayed more resistance to low-phosphate stress. The data revealed that the wild-type plants were stunted and consistently retained less Pi than transgenic lines, especially when grown under low-phosphate conditions. This difference in Pi retention was attributable to the enhanced Pi uptake ability in the transgenic lines. The transgenic plants translocated more Pi into the plant cell due to the enhanced enzymatic activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and increased Pi/H+ co-transport, which improved Pi uptake. The differential expression of 'PHO regulon' genes further maintained intracellular Pi homeostasis. Furthermore, GB maintained a higher photosynthesis rate, thus increasing the production and translocation of sucrose via phloem loading to enhance plant response to low-phosphate stress. We conclude that GB mediates Pi uptake and translocation by regulating physiological and biochemical processes that promote adaptation to environmental changes in Pi availability. These processes eventually lead to better growth and development of the codA-transgenic lines. This finding will help to further elucidate the signaling mechanism of how GB perceives and transmits low-phosphate signals to alleviate Pi nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tony H. H. Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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107
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Kumari A, Kapoor R, Bhatla SC. Nitric oxide and light co-regulate glycine betaine homeostasis in sunflower seedling cotyledons by modulating betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase transcript levels and activity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1666656. [PMID: 31526096 PMCID: PMC6804699 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1666656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB), an osmolyte, is produced in chloroplasts by the action of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) on its precursor betaine aldehyde. The present work highlights the significance of nitric oxide (NO) in GB homeostasis as a long-distance salt (120 mM NaCl) stress-elicited response. In light-grown seedling cotyledons, both the activity and transcript levels of BADH are much higher than in dark-grown seedlings irrespective of salt stress. Significantly high accumulation of GB in dark-grown seedling cotyledons indicates its preferential mobilization from cotyledons to other plant parts in light-grown seedlings. NO donor application (diethylenetriamine) maintains high BADH activity in light, although in dark it is brought down marginally. BADH levels are maintained high in light than in dark in respective treatments. Reversal of the effect of NO donor on age-dependent GB content, BADH activity, and transcript levels by NO scavenger (diethyldithiocarbamate) further demonstrates the impact of NO on GB homeostasis in light- and dark-grown seedlings in an age-dependent manner, major modulation being observed in 4-d-old seedlings. The present work, thus, provides new information on co-regulation of GB homeostasis by NO and light. It also puts forward new information of GB-NO crosstalk in maneuvering salt stress sensing as a long-distance response in seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Satish C. Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- CONTACT Satish C. Bhatla Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 11007, India
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Tran NHT, Oguchi T, Matsunaga E, Kawaoka A, Watanabe KN, Kikuchi A. Environmental risk assessment of impacts of transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis events highly expressing bacterial Choline Oxidase A gene. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2018; 35:393-397. [PMID: 31892828 PMCID: PMC6905223 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.0831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Under the Japanese biosafety regulatory framework for transgenic plants, data for assessing a transgenic plant's impact on biodiversity must be submitted in order to obtain approval for a confined field trial. We recently reported the development of four novel transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis clones expressing the bacterial choline oxidase A (codA) gene, i.e., codAH-1, codAH-2, codAN-1, and codAN-2, and evaluated their abiotic tolerance by semiconfined screen house trial cultivation. Here we evaluated the impacts of the transgenic E. camaldulensis clones on productivities of harmful substances from those clones to affect soil microorganisms and/or other plants in the environment. A comparison of the assessment data between the transgenic trees and non-transgenic comparators showed no significant difference in potential impacts on biodiversity. The results contribute to sound-science evidence ensuring substantial equivalence between transgenic and non-transgenic E. camaldulensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Ha Thi Tran
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
| | - Taichi Oguchi
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
| | - Etsuko Matsunaga
- Agri-Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 5-21-1 Oji, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0002, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kawaoka
- Agri-Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 5-21-1 Oji, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuo N. Watanabe
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
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Osmolovskaya N, Shumilina J, Kim A, Didio A, Grishina T, Bilova T, Keltsieva OA, Zhukov V, Tikhonovich I, Tarakhovskaya E, Frolov A, Wessjohann LA. Methodology of Drought Stress Research: Experimental Setup and Physiological Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4089. [PMID: 30563000 PMCID: PMC6321153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major stress factors affecting the growth and development of plants. In this context, drought-related losses of crop plant productivity impede sustainable agriculture all over the world. In general, plants respond to water deficits by multiple physiological and metabolic adaptations at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels. To understand the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance, adequate stress models and arrays of reliable stress markers are required. Therefore, in this review we comprehensively address currently available models of drought stress, based on culturing plants in soil, hydroponically, or in agar culture, and critically discuss advantages and limitations of each design. We also address the methodology of drought stress characterization and discuss it in the context of real experimental approaches. Further, we highlight the trends of methodological developments in drought stress research, i.e., complementing conventional tests with quantification of phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS), measuring antioxidant enzyme activities, and comprehensively profiling transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Osmolovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Julia Shumilina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Anna Didio
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Tatiana Grishina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Olga A Keltsieva
- Institute of Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Science, 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Zhukov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Igor Tikhonovich
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elena Tarakhovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Scientific Information, Russian Academy of Sciences Library, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Effect of Postharvest LED Application on Phenolic and Antioxidant Components of Blueberry Leaves. CHEMENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering2040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Light from red (661 nm) and blue (417 nm) LEDs were applied for 12, 24, and 48 h on freshly harvested blueberry leaves of different cultivars mixed together. The extracts obtained through microwave extraction of these leaves were analysed in terms of total phenolic content, total monomeric anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity as measured by % scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). It was observed that although the content of total phenolic content was high in the untreated leaves, there was an increase in the phenolic content and monomeric anthocyanin content of the leaves treated with blue light. DPPH inhibition activity and FRAP for all the samples were high; however, there was an increase in the FRAP of samples treated with light for different durations, which varied with type of light and the time of application of the LED light.
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Xu Z, Sun M, Jiang X, Sun H, Dang X, Cong H, Qiao F. Glycinebetaine Biosynthesis in Response to Osmotic Stress Depends on Jasmonate Signaling in Watermelon Suspension Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1469. [PMID: 30369936 PMCID: PMC6194323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycinebetaine is an important non-toxic osmoprotectant, which is accumulated in higher plants under various stresses. The biosynthesis of glycinebetaine achieved via is a two-step oxidation from choline and betaine aldehyde, catalyzed by choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), respectively. Up-regulated gene expression of BADH and CMO induced by stress is clearly observed, but the signal transduction is poorly understood. Here, glycinebetaine accumulation in response to osmotic stress and growth recovery induced by exogenous glycinebetaine were observed in a watermelon cell line. When tracing back to the genome sequence of watermelon, it shows that there exists only one member of ClCMO or ClBADH corresponding to glycinebetaine biosynthesis. Both genes harbor a CGTCA-motif in their promoter region which is involved in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsiveness. Amongst MeJA, Ethephon, abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA), MeJA was most effective in gene inducing the expression of ClCMO and ClBADH, and the accumulation of glycinebetaine could also reach an amount comparable to that after osmotic stress by mannitol. Moreover, when ibuprofen (IBU), a JA biosynthesis inhibitor, was pre-perfused into the cells before osmotic stress, glycinebetaine accumulation was suppressed significantly. Interestingly, newly grown cells can keep a high content of glycinebetaine when they are sub-cultured from osmotic stressed cells. This study suggests that osmotic stress induced glycinebetaine biosynthesis occurs via JA signal transduction and not only plays a key role in osmotic stress resistance but also contributes to osmotic stress hardening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Mengli Sun
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuefei Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Huapeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Xuanmin Dang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Hanqing Cong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
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Tran NHT, Oguchi T, Matsunaga E, Kawaoka A, Watanabe KN, Kikuchi A. Transcriptional enhancement of a bacterial choline oxidase A gene by an HSP terminator improves the glycine betaine production and salinity stress tolerance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2018; 35:215-224. [PMID: 31819726 PMCID: PMC6879367 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.0510b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees expressing the bacterial choline oxidase A (codA) gene by the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the Arabidopsis thaliana heat shock protein (HSP) terminator was developed. To evaluate the codA transcription level and the metabolic products and abiotic stress tolerance of the transgenic trees, a six-month semi-confined screen house cultivation trial was conducted under a moderate-stringency salt-stress condition. The transcription level of the CaMV 35S promoter driven-codA was more than fourfold higher, and the content of glycine betaine, the metabolic product of codA, was twofold higher, with the HSP terminator than with the nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator. Moreover, the screen house cultivation revealed that the growth of transgenic trees under the salt stress condition was alleviated in correlation with the glycine betaine concentration. These results suggest that the enhancement of codA transcription by the HSP terminator increased the abiotic stress tolerance of Eucalyptus plantation trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Ha Thi Tran
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
| | - Taichi Oguchi
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
| | - Etsuko Matsunaga
- Agri-Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 5-21-1 Oji, Kita Ward, Tokyo 114-0002, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kawaoka
- Agri-Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 5-21-1 Oji, Kita Ward, Tokyo 114-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuo N. Watanabe
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
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113
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Wang L, Shan T, Xie B, Ling C, Shao S, Jin P, Zheng Y. Glycine betaine reduces chilling injury in peach fruit by enhancing phenolic and sugar metabolisms. Food Chem 2018; 272:530-538. [PMID: 30309578 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB) treatment is useful to reduce chilling injury (CI) of several kinds of fruits including peach. However, the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. In this study, peach fruit was treated with 10 mmol L-1 GB solution for 10 min. The effects of GB treatment on CI, phenolic and soluble sugar metabolism were investigated in this study. Moreover, phenylpropanoid and soluble sugar content, and enzyme activities associated with phenolic and sugar metabolisms were also measured. The results showed that GB reduced CI and maintained high levels of total phenolic and flavonoid content. The activities of phenylpropanoid metabolism-related enzymes were significantly enhanced by GB. Higher content of sucrose and lower contents of fructose and glucose were observed in GB-treated fruits. Therefore, our results showed that GB could enhance chilling tolerance of peach through regulating phenolic and sugar metabolisms, and maintaining high levels of individual phenolic and sucrose content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Timin Shan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chen Ling
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shuang Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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114
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Singh J, Singh V, Sharma PC. Elucidating the role of osmotic, ionic and major salt responsive transcript components towards salinity tolerance in contrasting chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:441-453. [PMID: 29692552 PMCID: PMC5911262 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is extremely hampered by salt stress. Understanding of physio-biochemical and molecular attributes along with morphological traits contributing to the salinity tolerance is important for developing salt tolerant chickpea varieties. To explore these facts, two genotypes CSG8962 and HC5 with contrasting salt tolerance were evaluated in the salinity stress (Control and 120 mM NaCl) conditions. CSG8962 maintained lower Na/K ratio in root and shoot, trammeled Na translocation to the shoots from roots compared to HC5 which ascribed to better exclusion of salt from its roots and compartmentation in the shoot. In chickpea, salt stress specifically induced genes/sequences involved at several levels in the salt stress signaling pathway. Higher induction of trehalose 6 phosphate synthase and protein kinase genes pertaining to the osmotic and signaling modules, respectively, were evident in CSG8962 compared to HC5. Further transcripts of late embryogenesis abundant, non-specific lipid transfer protein, HI and 219 genes/sequences were also highly induced in CSG8962 compared to HC5 which emphasizes the better protection of cellular membranous network and membrane-bound macromolecules under salt stress. This further suppressed the stress enhanced electrolyte leakage, loss of turgidity, promoted the higher compatible solute accumulation and maintained better cellular ion homoeostasis in CSG8962 compared to HC5. Our study further adds to the importance of these genes in salt tolerance by comparing their behavior in contrasting chickpea genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogendra Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Vijayata Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - P. C. Sharma
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
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115
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Michaletti A, Naghavi MR, Toorchi M, Zolla L, Rinalducci S. Metabolomics and proteomics reveal drought-stress responses of leaf tissues from spring-wheat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5710. [PMID: 29632386 PMCID: PMC5890255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the integrative biochemical networks of wheat leaves in response to water deficient conditions, proteomics and metabolomics were applied to two spring-wheat cultivars (Bahar, drought-susceptible; Kavir, drought-tolerant). Drought stress induced detrimental effects on Bahar leaf proteome, resulting in a severe decrease of total protein content, with impairments mainly in photosynthetic proteins and in enzymes involved in sugar and nitrogen metabolism, as well as in the capacity of detoxifying harmful molecules. On the contrary, only minor perturbations were observed at the protein level in Kavir stressed leaves. Metabolome analysis indicated amino acids, organic acids, and sugars as the main metabolites changed in abundance upon water deficiency. In particular, Bahar cv showed increased levels in proline, methionine, arginine, lysine, aromatic and branched chain amino acids. Tryptophan accumulation via shikimate pathway seems to sustain auxin production (indoleacrylic acid), whereas glutamate reduction is reasonably linked to polyamine (spermine) synthesis. Kavir metabolome was affected by drought stress to a less extent with only two pathways significantly changed, one of them being purine metabolism. These results comprehensively provide a framework for better understanding the mechanisms that govern plant cell response to drought stress, with insights into molecules that can be used for crop improvement projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michaletti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Mahmoud Toorchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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116
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Alyemeni MN, Ahanger MA, Wijaya L, Alam P, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Selenium mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants by modulating chlorophyll fluorescence, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant system. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:459-469. [PMID: 28900731 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the role of selenium in alleviating cadmium stress in Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. Cadmium (150 mg L-1) treatment caused a significant reduction in growth in terms of height and biomass accumulation and affected chlorophyll pigments, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Selenium (10 μM) application mitigated the adverse effects of cadmium on growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf relative water content, and other physiological attributes. Lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage increased because of cadmium treatment and selenium-treated plants exhibited considerable reduction because of the decreased production of hydrogen peroxide in them. Cadmium-treated plants exhibited enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes that protected cellular structures by neutralizing reactive free radicals. Supplementation of selenium to cadmium-treated plants (Cd + Se) further enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) by 19.69, 31.68, 33.14, and 54.47%, respectively. Osmolytes, including proline and glycine betaine, increased with selenium application, illustrating their role in improving the osmotic stability of S. lycopersicum under cadmium stress. More importantly, selenium application significantly reduced cadmium uptake. From these results, it is clear that application of selenium alleviates the negative effects of cadmium stress in S. lycopersicum through the modifications of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Leonard Wijaya
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India.
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117
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Sétamou M, Alabi OJ, Simpson CR, Jifon JL. Contrasting amino acid profiles among permissive and non-permissive hosts of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, putative causal agent of Huanglongbing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187921. [PMID: 29236706 PMCID: PMC5728503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing is a devastating disease of citrus. In this study, a comprehensive profile of phloem sap amino acids (AA) in four permissive host plants of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and three non-permissive Rutaceae plants was conducted to gain a better understanding of host factors that may promote or suppress the bacterium. The AA profiles of Diaphorina citri nymphs and adults were similarly analyzed. A total of 38 unique AAs were detected in phloem sap of the various plants and D. citri samples, with phloem sap of young shoots containing more AAs and at higher concentrations than their mature counterparts. All AAs detected in phloem sap of non-permissive plants were also present in CLas -permissive hosts plus additional AAs in the latter class of plants. However, the relative composition of 18 commonly shared AAs varied between CLas -permissive hosts and non-permissive plants. Multivariate analysis with a partial least square discriminant methodology revealed a total of 12 AAs as major factors affecting CLas host status, of which seven were positively related to CLas tolerance/resistance and five positively associated with CLas susceptibility. Most of the AAs positively associated with CLas susceptibility were predominantly of the glutamate family, notably stressed-induced AAs such as arginine, GABA and proline. In contrast, AAs positively correlated with CLas tolerance/resistance were mainly of the serine family. Further analysis revealed that whereas the relative proportions of AAs positively associated with CLas susceptibility did not vary with host developmental stages, those associated with CLas tolerance/resistance increased with flush shoot maturity. Significantly, the proline-to-glycine ratio was determined to be an important discriminating factor for CLas permissivity with higher values characteristic of CLas -permissive hosts. This ratio could be exploited as a biomarker in HLB-resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoudou Sétamou
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, United States of America
| | - Olufemi J. Alabi
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States of America
| | - Catherine R. Simpson
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, United States of America
| | - John L. Jifon
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States of America
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118
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Soltani A, MafiMoghaddam S, Walter K, Restrepo-Montoya D, Mamidi S, Schroder S, Lee R, McClean PE, Osorno JM. Genetic Architecture of Flooding Tolerance in the Dry Bean Middle-American Diversity Panel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1183. [PMID: 28729876 PMCID: PMC5498472 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is a devastating abiotic stress that endangers crop production in the twenty-first century. Because of the severe susceptibility of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to flooding, an understanding of the genetic architecture and physiological responses of this crop will set the stage for further improvement. However, challenging phenotyping methods hinder a large-scale genetic study of flooding tolerance in common bean and other economically important crops. A greenhouse phenotyping protocol was developed to evaluate the flooding conditions at early stages. The Middle-American diversity panel (n = 272) of common bean was developed to capture most of the diversity exits in North American germplasm. This panel was evaluated for seven traits under both flooded and non-flooded conditions at two early developmental stages. A subset of contrasting genotypes was further evaluated in the field to assess the relationship between greenhouse and field data under flooding condition. A genome-wide association study using ~150 K SNPs was performed to discover genomic regions associated with multiple physiological responses. The results indicate a significant strong correlation (r > 0.77) between greenhouse and field data, highlighting the reliability of greenhouse phenotyping method. Black and small red beans were the least affected by excess water at germination stage. At the seedling stage, pinto and great northern genotypes were the most tolerant. Root weight reduction due to flooding was greatest in pink and small red cultivars. Flooding reduced the chlorophyll content to the greatest extent in the navy bean cultivars compared with other market classes. Races of Durango/Jalisco and Mesoamerica were separated by both genotypic and phenotypic data indicating the potential effect of eco-geographical variations. Furthermore, several loci were identified that potentially represent the antagonistic pleiotropy. The GWAS analysis revealed peaks at Pv08/1.6 Mb and Pv02/41 Mb that are associated with root weight and germination rate, respectively. These regions are syntenic with two QTL reported in soybean (Glycine max L.) that contribute to flooding tolerance, suggesting a conserved evolutionary pathway involved in flooding tolerance for these related legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soltani
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, United States
| | - Samira MafiMoghaddam
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, United States
| | - Katelynn Walter
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, United States
| | | | - Sujan Mamidi
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for BiotechnologyHuntsville, AL, United States
| | - Stephan Schroder
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, United States
| | - Rian Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, United States
| | - Phillip E. McClean
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, United States
| | - Juan M. Osorno
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, United States
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119
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Popović BM, Štajner D, Ždero-Pavlović R, Tari I, Csiszár J, Gallé Á, Poór P, Galović V, Trudić B, Orlović S. Biochemical response of hybrid black poplar tissue culture (Populus × canadensis) on water stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:559-570. [PMID: 28243831 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, poplar tissue culture (hybrid black poplar, M1 genotype) was subjected to water stress influenced by polyethyleneglycol 6000 (100 and 200 mOsm PEG 6000). The aim of the research was to investigate the biochemical response of poplar tissue culture on water deficit regime. Antioxidant status was analyzed including antioxidant enzymes, superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guiacol-peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-reductase, reduced glutathione, total phenol content, Ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical antioxidant power. Polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine-ammonium-lyase were determined as enzymatic markers of polyphenol metabolism. Among oxidative stress parameters lipid peroxidation, carbonyl-proteins, hydrogen-peroxide, reactive oxygen species, nitric-oxide and peroxynitrite were determined. Proline, proline-dehydrogenase and glycinebetaine were measured also as parameters of water stress. Cell viability is finally determined as a biological indicator of osmotic stress. It was found that water stress induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxidation in leaves of hybrid black poplar and reduced cell viability. Antioxidant enzymes including SOD, GPx, CAT and GSH-Px were induced but total phenol content and antioxidant capacity were reduced by PEG 6000 mediated osmotic stress. The highest biochemical response and adaptive reaction was the increase of proline and GB especially by 200 mOsm PEG. While long term molecular analysis will be necessary to fully address the poplar potentials for water stress adaptation, our results on hybrid black poplar suggest that glycine-betaine, proline and PDH enzyme might be the most important markers of poplar on water stress and that future efforts should be focused on these markers and strategies to enhance their concentration in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Popović
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - D Štajner
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - R Ždero-Pavlović
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - I Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - J Csiszár
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Á Gallé
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - P Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - V Galović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - B Trudić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - S Orlović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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120
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Implications of polyploidy events on the phenotype, microstructure, and proteome of Paulownia australis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172633. [PMID: 28273106 PMCID: PMC5342211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy events are believed to be responsible for increasing the size of plant organs and enhancing tolerance to environmental stresses. Autotetraploid Paulownia australis plants exhibit superior traits compared with their diploid progenitors. Although some transcriptomics studies have been performed and some relevant genes have been revealed, the molecular and biological mechanisms regulating the predominant characteristics and the effects of polyploidy events on P. australis remain unknown. In this study, we compared the phenotypes, microstructures, and proteomes of autotetraploid and diploid P. australis plants. Compared with the diploid plant, the leaves of the autotetraploid plant were longer and wider, and the upper epidermis, lower epidermis, and palisade layer of the leaves were thicker, the leaf spongy parenchyma layer was thinner, the leaf cell size was bigger, and cell number was lower. In the proteome analysis, 3,010 proteins were identified and quantified, including 773 differentially abundant proteins. These results may help to characterize the P. australis proteome profile. Differentially abundant proteins related to cell division, glutathione metabolism, and the synthesis of cellulose, chlorophyll, and lignin were more abundant in the autotetraploid plants. These results will help to enhance the understanding of variations caused by polyploidy events in P. australis. The quantitative real-time PCR results provided details regarding the expression patterns of the proteins at mRNA level. We observed a limited correlation between transcript and protein levels. These observations may help to clarify the molecular basis for the predominant autotetraploid characteristics and be useful for plant breeding in the future.
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121
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Lin Z, Zhang X, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Alexander D, Li G, Wang S, Ding Y. Metabolomic analysis of pathways related to rice grain chalkiness by a notched-belly mutant with high occurrence of white-belly grains. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:39. [PMID: 28166731 PMCID: PMC5294873 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain chalkiness is a highly undesirable trait deleterious to rice appearance and milling quality. The physiological and molecular foundation of chalkiness formation is still partially understood, because of the complex interactions between multiple genes and growing environments. RESULTS We report the untargeted metabolomic analysis of grains from a notched-belly mutant (DY1102) with high percentage of white-belly, which predominantly occurs in the bottom part proximal to the embryo. Metabolites in developing grains were profiled on the composite platforms of UPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Sampling times were 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after anthesis, the critical time points for chalkiness formation. A total of 214 metabolites were identified, covering most of the central metabolic pathways and partial secondary pathways including amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, cofactors, peptides, nucleotides, phytohormones, and secondary metabolites. A comparison of the bottom chalky part and the upper translucent part of developing grains of DY1102 resulted in 180 metabolites related to chalkiness formation. CONCLUSIONS Generally, in comparison to the translucent upper part, the chalky endosperm had lower levels of metabolites regarding carbon and nitrogen metabolism for synthesis of storage starch and protein, which was accompanied by perturbation of pathways participating in scavenging of reactive oxygen species, osmorugulation, cell wall synthesis, and mineral ion homeostasis. Based on these results, metabolic mechanism of chalkiness formation is discussed, with the role of embryo highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomiao Lin
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
- Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zunxin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
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H. Hanafy A, Darwish E, G. Alobaid M. Impact of Putrescine and 24-epibrassinolide on Growth, Yield and Chemical Constituents of Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) Plant Grown under Drought Stress Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2017.9.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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John R, Anjum NA, Sopory SK, Akram NA, Ashraf M. Some key physiological and molecular processes of cold acclimation. BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 60:603-618. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10535-016-0648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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124
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Siddiqui MH, Alamri SA, Al-Khaishany MYY, Al-Qutami MA, Ali HM, Al-Whaibi MH, Al-Wahibi MS, Alharby HF. Mitigation of adverse effects of heat stress on Vicia faba by exogenous application of magnesium. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:1393-1401. [PMID: 30505187 PMCID: PMC6251988 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on the growth performance, oxidative damage, DNA damage, and photosynthetic pigment synthesis, as well as on the activity level of carbonic anhydrase (CA), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), and antioxidant enzymes were studied in Vicia faba L. plants exposed to heat stress (HS) and non-heat-stress (non-HS) conditions. Seeds were grown in pots containing a 1:1 mixture of sand and peat, with Mg treatments. The treatments consisted of (i) 0 Mg and non-HS (ambient temperature; control); (ii) 50 mM Mg; (iii) HS (38 °C); and (iv) 50 mM Mg and HS (38 °C). HS was imposed by placing potted plants in an incubator at 38 °C for 48 h. Growth attributes, total chlorophyll (Total Chl), and CA, and Rubisco activity decreased in plants subjected to HS, whereas accumulation of organic solutes [proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB)]; superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity; DNA damage; electrolyte leakage (EL); and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content all increased. Application of Mg, however, significantly enhanced further proline (Pro), glycinebetaine (GB), SOD, POD, and CAT activity, and decreased DNA damage, EL, and MDA and H2O2 concentrations. These results suggest that adequate supply of Mg is not only essential for plant growth and development, but also improves plant tolerance to HS by suppressing cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species through the enhancement of the accumulation of Pro and GB, and the actions of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud A Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutahhar Y Y Al-Khaishany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Qutami
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Al-Whaibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S Al-Wahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Kar JR, Hallsworth JE, Singhal RS. Glycine Betaine-Mediated Protection of Peas (Pisum sativum L.) During Blanching and Frozen Storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1099043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayaranjan R. Kar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, India
| | - John E. Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, MBC, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
| | - Rekha S. Singhal
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, India
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Kurepin LV, Ivanov AG, Zaman M, Pharis RP, Allakhverdiev SI, Hurry V, Hüner NPA. Stress-related hormones and glycinebetaine interplay in protection of photosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:221-35. [PMID: 25823797 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants subjected to abiotic stresses such as extreme high and low temperatures, drought or salinity, often exhibit decreased vegetative growth and reduced reproductive capabilities. This is often associated with decreased photosynthesis via an increase in photoinhibition, and accompanied by rapid changes in endogenous levels of stress-related hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene. However, certain plant species and/or genotypes exhibit greater tolerance to abiotic stress because they are capable of accumulating endogenous levels of the zwitterionic osmolyte-glycinebetaine (GB). The accumulation of GB via natural production, exogenous application or genetic engineering, enhances plant osmoregulation and thus increases abiotic stress tolerance. The final steps of GB biosynthesis occur in chloroplasts where GB has been shown to play a key role in increasing the protection of soluble stromal and lumenal enzymes, lipids and proteins, of the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition, we suggest that the stress-induced GB biosynthesis pathway may well serve as an additional or alternative biochemical sink, one which consumes excess photosynthesis-generated electrons, thus protecting photosynthetic apparatus from overreduction. Glycinebetaine biosynthesis in chloroplasts is up-regulated by increases in endogenous ABA or SA levels. In this review, we propose and discuss a model describing the close interaction and synergistic physiological effects of GB and ABA in the process of cold acclimation of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid V Kurepin
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Center for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Center for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Zaman
- Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard P Pharis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142292, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Center for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Tripathi A, Goswami K, Sanan-Mishra N. Role of bioinformatics in establishing microRNAs as modulators of abiotic stress responses: the new revolution. Front Physiol 2015; 6:286. [PMID: 26578966 PMCID: PMC4620411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are a class of 21-24 nucleotide long non-coding RNAs responsible for regulating the expression of associated genes mainly by cleavage or translational inhibition of the target transcripts. With this characteristic of silencing, miRs act as an important component in regulation of plant responses in various stress conditions. In recent years, with drastic change in environmental and soil conditions different type of stresses have emerged as a major challenge for plants growth and productivity. The identification and profiling of miRs has itself been a challenge for research workers given their small size and large number of many probable sequences in the genome. Application of computational approaches has expedited the process of identification of miRs and their expression profiling in different conditions. The development of High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) techniques has facilitated to gain access to the global profiles of the miRs for understanding their mode of action in plants. Introduction of various bioinformatics databases and tools have revolutionized the study of miRs and other small RNAs. This review focuses the role of bioinformatics approaches in the identification and study of the regulatory roles of plant miRs in the adaptive response to stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Tripathi
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Goswami
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
| | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
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Abdul-Hamid NA, Abas F, Ismail IS, Shaari K, Lajis NH. Influence of Different Drying Treatments and Extraction Solvents on the Metabolite Profile and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity of Ajwa Dates. J Food Sci 2015; 80:H2603-11. [PMID: 26457883 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to examine the variation in the metabolite profiles and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity of Ajwa dates that were subjected to 2 drying treatments and different extraction solvents. (1)H NMR coupled with multivariate data analysis was employed. A Griess assay was used to determine the inhibition of the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS and interferon-γ. The oven dried (OD) samples demonstrated the absence of asparagine and ascorbic acid as compared to the freeze dried (FD) dates. The principal component analysis showed distinct clusters between the OD and FD dates by the second principal component. In respect of extraction solvents, chloroform extracts can be distinguished by the absence of arginine, glycine and asparagine compared to the methanol and 50% methanol extracts. The chloroform extracts can be clearly distinguished from the methanol and 50% methanol extracts by first principal component. Meanwhile, the loading score plot of partial least squares analysis suggested that beta glucose, alpha glucose, choline, ascorbic acid and glycine were among the metabolites that were contributing to higher biological activity displayed by FD and methanol extracts of Ajwa. The results highlight an alternative method of metabolomics approach for determination of the metabolites that contribute to NO inhibitory activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The association between metabolite profiles and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity of the various extracts of Ajwa dates was evaluated by utilizing partial least squares (PLS) model. The validated PLS model can be employed to predict the NO inhibitory activity of new samples of date fruits based on their NMR spectra which was important for assessing fruit quality. The information gained might be used as guidance for quality control, nutritional values and as a basis for the preparation of any food supplements for human health that employs date palm fruit as the raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ashikin Abdul-Hamid
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.,Dept. of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.,Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.,Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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Ali S, Chaudhary A, Rizwan M, Anwar HT, Adrees M, Farid M, Irshad MK, Hayat T, Anjum SA. Alleviation of chromium toxicity by glycinebetaine is related to elevated antioxidant enzymes and suppressed chromium uptake and oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10669-78. [PMID: 25752628 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available on the role of glycinebetaine (GB) in chromium (Cr) tolerance while Cr toxicity is widespread problem in crops grown on Cr-contaminated soils. In this study, we investigated the influence of GB on Cr tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in sand and soil mediums. Three concentrations of chromium (0, 0.25, and 0.5 mM) were tested with and without foliar application of GB (0.1 M). Chromium alone led to a significant growth inhibition and content of chlorophyll a, b, proteins and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Glycinebetaine foliar application successfully alleviated the toxic effects of Cr on wheat plants and enhanced growth characteristics, biomass, proteins, and chlorophyll contents. Glycinebetaine also reduced Cr accumulation in wheat plants especially in grains and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in both shoots and roots. This study provides evidence that GB application contributes to decreased Cr concentrations in wheat plants and its importance in the detoxification of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Baldacci-Cresp F, Maucourt M, Deborde C, Pierre O, Moing A, Brouquisse R, Favery B, Frendo P. Maturation of nematode-induced galls in Medicago truncatula is related to water status and primary metabolism modifications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 232:77-85. [PMID: 25617326 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes are obligatory plant parasitic worms that establish and maintain an intimate relationship with their host plants. During a compatible interaction, these nematodes induce the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells (GCs). These metabolically active feeding cells constitute the exclusive source of nutrients for the nematode. We analyzed the modifications of water status, ionic content and accumulation of metabolites in development and mature galls induced by Meloidogyne incognita and in uninfected roots of Medicago truncatula plants. Water potential and osmotic pressure are significantly modified in mature galls compared to developing galls and control roots. Ionic content is significantly modified in galls compared to roots. Principal component analyses of metabolite content showed that mature gall metabolism is significantly modified compared to developing gall metabolism. The most striking differences were the three-fold increase of trehalose content associated to the five-fold diminution in glucose concentration in mature galls. Gene expression analysis showed that trehalose accumulation was, at least, partially linked to a significantly lower expression of the trehalase gene in mature galls. Our results point to significant modifications of gall physiology during maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- Université de Bordeaux 2, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Olivier Pierre
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Annick Moing
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Frendo
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; INRA UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des chappes BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
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Huseynova IM, Aliyeva DR, Aliyev JA. Subcellular localization and responses of superoxide dismutase isoforms in local wheat varieties subjected to continuous soil drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:54-60. [PMID: 24560039 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Water is a key factor influencing the yield and quality of crops. One of the parameters of plant biological tolerance to constantly changing environmental conditions is the change of activities and numerous molecular forms of antioxidant enzymes. Two durum (Triticum durum Desf.) wheat varieties contrasting for drought tolerance, such as Barakatli-95 (drought tolerant) and Garagylchyg-2 (drought sensitive) were grown over a wide area in the field. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of soil drought on changes in activities and subcellular localization of superoxide dismutase isoforms. The levels of malondialdehyde, glycine betaine and total proteins were also analyzed. The level of the enzyme activity appeared to depend on the wheat varieties, duration of drought and stages of leaf development. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed the presence of 9 isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase in wheat leaves during drought. Mn-SOD was found in the mitochondrial fractions, Fe-SOD in the chloroplast fraction and Cu/Zn-SOD is localized in all subcellular fractions. Wheat leaves contain three different isoforms of SOD (Mn-, Fe-, Cu/Zn-SOD). Three isoforms of Mn-SOD, one isoform of Fe-SOD and five of Cu/Zn-SOD were observed in wheat leaves using 3 mM KCN and 5 mM H2O2 as selective inhibitors. The expression of Mn-SOD was preferentially enhanced by drought stress. It seems that Mn-SOD isoforms more than SOD ones play a major role in the scavenging of superoxide radicals. The observed data showed that status of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD could provide a meaningful tool for depicting drought tolerance of wheat genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irada M Huseynova
- Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 40 Badamdar Highway, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan.
| | - Durna R Aliyeva
- Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 40 Badamdar Highway, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Jalal A Aliyev
- Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 40 Badamdar Highway, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan
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Yang L, Wu K, Gao P, Liu X, Li G, Wu Z. GsLRPK, a novel cold-activated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase from Glycine soja, is a positive regulator to cold stress tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 215-216:19-28. [PMID: 24388511 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant LRR-RLKs serve as protein interaction platforms, and as regulatory modules of protein activation. Here, we report the isolation of a novel plant-specific LRR-RLK from Glycine soja (termed GsLRPK) by differential screening. GsLRPK expression was cold-inducible and shows Ser/Thr protein kinase activity. Subcellular localization studies using GFP fusion protein indicated that GsLRPK is localized in the plasma membrane. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that temperature, salt, drought, and ABA treatment can alter GsLRPK gene transcription in G. soja. However, just protein induced by cold stress not by salinity and ABA treatment in tobacco was found to possess kinase activity. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of GsLRPK in yeast and Arabidopsis can enhance resistance to cold stress and increase the expression of a number of cold responsive gene markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Kangcheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zujian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
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Salvi F, Wang YF, Weber IT, Gadda G. Structure of choline oxidase in complex with the reaction product glycine betaine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:405-13. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713029283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Choline oxidase fromArthrobacter globiformis, which is involved in the biosynthesis of glycine betaine from choline, has been extensively characterized in its mechanistic and structural properties. Despite the knowledge gained on the enzyme, the details of substrate access to the active site are not fully understood. The `loop-and-lid' mechanism described for the glucose–methanol–choline enzyme superfamily has not been confirmed for choline oxidase. Instead, a hydrophobic cluster on the solvent-accessible surface of the enzyme has been proposed by molecular dynamics to control substrate access to the active site. Here, the crystal structure of the enzyme was solved in complex with glycine betaine at pH 6.0 at 1.95 Å resolution, allowing a structural description of the ligand–enzyme interactions in the active site. This structure is the first of choline oxidase in complex with a physiologically relevant ligand. The protein structures with and without ligand are virtually identical, with the exception of a loop at the dimer interface, which assumes two distinct conformations. The different conformations of loop 250–255 define different accessibilities of the proposed active-site entrance delimited by the hydrophobic cluster on the other subunit of the dimer, suggesting a role in regulating substrate access to the active site.
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Pathway of glycine betaine biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2013; 12:853-63. [PMID: 23563483 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00348-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The choline oxidase (CHOA) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) genes identified in Aspergillus fumigatus are present as a cluster specific for fungal genomes. Biochemical and molecular analyses of this cluster showed that it has very specific biochemical and functional features that make it unique and different from its plant and bacterial homologs. A. fumigatus ChoAp catalyzed the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine with betaine aldehyde as an intermediate and reduced molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide using FAD as a cofactor. A. fumigatus Badhp oxidized betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine with reduction of NAD(+) to NADH. Analysis of the AfchoAΔ::HPH and AfbadAΔ::HPH single mutants and the AfchoAΔAfbadAΔ::HPH double mutant showed that AfChoAp is essential for the use of choline as the sole nitrogen, carbon, or carbon and nitrogen source during the germination process. AfChoAp and AfBadAp were localized in the cytosol of germinating conidia and mycelia but were absent from resting conidia. Characterization of the mutant phenotypes showed that glycine betaine in A. fumigatus functions exclusively as a metabolic intermediate in the catabolism of choline and not as a stress protectant. This study in A. fumigatus is the first molecular, cellular, and biochemical characterization of the glycine betaine biosynthetic pathway in the fungal kingdom.
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