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Liang J, Huang TY, Mao Y, Li X. Biofilm formation of two genetically diverse Staphylococcus aureus isolates under beta-lactam antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139753. [PMID: 36950159 PMCID: PMC10025342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to evaluate the biofilm formation of 2 genetically diverse Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 10379 and 121940, under different concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics on biomass content and biofilm viability. METHODS Biofilm formation and methicillin resistance genes were tested using PCR and multiplex PCR. PCR was combined with bioinformatics analysis to detect multilocal sequence typing (MLST) and SCCmec types, to study the genetical correlation between the tested strains. Then, the crystal violet (CV) test and XTT were used to detect biomass content and biofilm activity. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using a broth dilution method. According to their specific MIC, different concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics were used to study its effect on biomass content and biofilm viability. RESULTS Strain 10379 carried the icaD, icaBC, and MRSA genes, not the icaA, atl, app, and agr genes, and MLST and SCCmec typing was ST45 and IV, respectively. Strain 121940 carried the icaA, icaD, icaBC, atl, and agr genes, not the aap gene, and MLST and SCCmec typed as ST546 and IV, respectively. This suggested that strains 10379 and 121940 were genotypically very different. Two S. aureus isolates, 10379 and 121940, showed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillin, ampicillin, meropenem, streptomycin and kanamycin, some of which promoted the formation of biofilm and biofilm viability at low concentrations. CONCLUSION Despite the large differences in the genetic background of S. aureus 10379 and 121940, some sub-inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics are able to promote biomass and biofilm viability of both two isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Liang
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Yi Huang
- Department of Diagnostics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Teng Yi Huang,
| | - Yuzhu Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Xuejie Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuejie Li,
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102
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Pajares-Chamorro N, Lensmire JM, Hammer ND, Hardy JW, Chatzistavrou X. Unraveling the mechanisms of inhibition of silver-doped bioactive glass-ceramic particles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:975-994. [PMID: 36583930 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infections are a major concern in orthopedics. Antibacterial agents such as silver ions are of great interest as broad-spectrum biocides and have been incorporated into bioactive glass-ceramic particles to control the release of ions within a therapeutic concentration and provide tissue regenerative properties. In this work, the antibacterial capabilities of silver-doped bioactive glass (Ag-BG) microparticles were explored to reveal the unedited mechanisms of inhibition against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antibacterial properties were not limited to the delivery of silver ions but rather a combination of antibacterial degradation by-products. For example, nano-sized debris punctured holes in bacteria membranes, osmotic effects, and reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress and almost 40% of the inhibition. Upon successive Ag-BG treatments, MRSA underwent phenotypic and genomic mutations which were not only insufficient to develop resistance but instead, the clones became more sensitive as the treatment was re-delivered. Additionally, the unprecedented restorative functionality of Ag-BG allowed the effective use of antibiotics that MRSA resists. The synergy mechanism was mainly identified for combinations targeting cell-wall activity and their action was proven in biofilm-like and virulent conditions. Unraveling these mechanisms may offer new insights into how to tailor healthcare materials to prevent or debilitate infections and join the fight against antibiotic resistance in clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pajares-Chamorro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Josh M Lensmire
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Neal D Hammer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan W Hardy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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103
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Sulaiman R, Trizna E, Kolesnikova A, Khabibrakhmanova A, Kurbangalieva A, Bogachev M, Kayumov A. Antimicrobial and Biofilm-Preventing Activity of l-Borneol Possessing 2(5H)-Furanone Derivative F131 against S. aureus—C. albicans Mixed Cultures. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010026. [PMID: 36678375 PMCID: PMC9866062 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are human pathogens that are able to form mixed biofilms on the surface of mucous membranes, implants and catheters. In biofilms, these pathogens have increased resistance to antimicrobials, leading to extreme difficulties in the treatment of mixed infections. The growing frequency of mixed infections caused by S. aureus and C. albicans requires either the development of new antimicrobials or the proposal of alternative approaches to increase the efficiency of conventional ones. Here, we show the antimicrobial, biofilm-preventing and biofilm-eradicating activity of 2(5H)-furanone derivative F131, containing an l-borneol fragment against S. aureus-C. albicans mixed biofilms. Furanone F131 is also capable of inhibiting the formation of monospecies and mixed biofilms by S. aureus and C. albicans. The minimal biofilm-prevention concentration (MBPC) of this compound was 8-16 μg/mL for S. aureus and C. albicans mono- and two-species biofilms. While the compound demonstrates slightly lower activity compared to conventional antimicrobials (gentamicin, amikacin, fluconazole, terbinafine and benzalkonium chloride), F131 also increases the antimicrobial activity of fluconazole-gentamicin and benzalkonium chloride against mixed biofilms of S. aureus-C. albicans, thus reducing MBPC of fluconazole-gentamicin by 4-16 times and benzalkonium chloride twofold. F131 does not affect the transcription of the MDR1, CDR1 and CDR2 genes, thus suggesting a low risk of micromycete resistance to this compound. Altogether, combined use of antibiotics with a F131 could be a promising option to reduce the concentration of fluconazole used in antiseptic compositions and reduce the toxic effect of benzalkonium chloride and gentamicin. This makes them an attractive starting point for the development of alternative antimicrobials for the treatment of skin infections caused by S. aureus-C. albicans mixed biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand Sulaiman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Trizna
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alena Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alsu Khabibrakhmanova
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Almira Kurbangalieva
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Mikhail Bogachev
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Airat Kayumov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
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104
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He X, Zhang W, Cao Q, Li Y, Bao G, Lin T, Bao J, Chang C, Yang C, Yin Y, Xu J, Ren Z, Jin Y, Lu F. Global Downregulation of Penicillin Resistance and Biofilm Formation by MRSA Is Associated with the Interaction between Kaempferol Rhamnosides and Quercetin. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0278222. [PMID: 36354319 PMCID: PMC9769653 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02782-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) drug resistance and the formation of biofilms seriously challenge the clinical application of classic antibiotics. Extracts of the traditional herb Chenopodium ambrosioides L. were found to have strong antibiofilm activity against MRSA, but their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MRSA of flavonoids identified from C. ambrosioides L. in combination with classic antibiotics, including ceftazidime, erythromycin, levofloxacin, penicillin G, and vancomycin. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze the nonvolatile chemical compositions. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was used to investigate potential multitargets of flavonoids based on global transcriptional responses of virulence and antibiotic resistance. A synergistic antibacterial and biofilm-inhibiting activity of the alcoholic extract of the ear of C. ambrosioides L. in combination with penicillin G was observed against MRSA, which proved to be closely related to the interaction of the main components of kaempferol rhamnosides with quercetin. In regard to the mechanism, the increased sensitivity of MRSA to penicillin G was shown to be related to the downregulation of penicillinase with SarA as a potential drug target, while the antibiofilm activity was mainly related to downregulation of various virulence factors involved in the initial and mature stages of biofilm development, with SarA and/or σB as drug targets. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of the medicinal activity of kaempferol rhamnosides and quercetin and their application in combination with penicillin G against MRSA biofilm infection. IMPORTANCE In this study, the synergistic antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of the traditional herb C. ambrosioides L. and the classic antibiotic penicillin G on MRSA provide a potential strategy to deal with the rapid development of MRSA antibiotic resistance. This study also provides a theoretical basis for further optimizing the combined effect of kaempferol rhamnosides, quercetin, and penicillin G and exploring anti-MRSA biofilm infection research with SarA and σB as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingchao Cao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinyue Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Bao
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Lin
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Bao
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiwang Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changshui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Ren
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingshan Jin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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105
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Wang C, Chantraine C, Viljoen A, Herr AB, Fey PD, Horswill AR, Mathelié-Guinlet M, Dufrêne YF. The staphylococcal biofilm protein Aap mediates cell-cell adhesion through mechanically distinct homophilic and lectin interactions. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac278. [PMID: 36712378 PMCID: PMC9802226 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation phase of staphylococcal biofilms relies on both the production of an extracellular polysaccharide matrix and the expression of bacterial surface proteins. A prototypical example of such adhesive proteins is the long multidomain protein Aap (accumulation-associated protein) from Staphylococcus epidermidis, which mediates zinc-dependent homophilic interactions between Aap B-repeat regions through molecular forces that have not been investigated yet. Here, we unravel the remarkable mechanical strength of single Aap-Aap homophilic bonds between living bacteria and we demonstrate that intercellular adhesion also involves sugar binding through the lectin domain of the Aap A region. We find that the mechanical force needed to unfold individual β-sheet-rich G5-E domains from the Aap B-repeat regions is very high, ranging from 300 up to 1,000 pN at high loading rates, indicating these are extremely stable. This high mechanostability provides a means to the cells to form highly adhesive and cohesive biofilms capable of sustaining high physiological shear stress. Importantly, we identify a previously undescribed role of Aap in bacterial-bacterial adhesion, that is, heterophilic sugar binding by a specific lectin domain located in the N-terminal A region, which might be important to establish initial contacts between cells before strong homophilic bonds come into play. This study emphasizes the remarkable mechanical and binding properties of Aap as well as its wide diversity of adhesive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albertus Viljoen
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Divisions of Immunobiology and Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Paul D Fey
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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106
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Sindelo A, Nene L, Nyokong T. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy with asymmetrical cationic or neutral metallophthalocyanines conjugated to amino-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles (spherical or pyramidal) against planktonic and biofilm microbial cultures. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103160. [PMID: 36244683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of neutral zinc and indium substituted mercaptobenzothiazole substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their respective cationic derivatives are presented. The phthalocyanines were further covalently linked to two differently shaped amino-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs): namely nanospheres (NH2-ZnONSp), and nanopyramids (NH2-ZnONPy), to form corresponding nanoconjugates. The photophysicochemical properties of each nanocomposite were determined, and the Pc-ZnONPs produced high singlet oxygen quantum yields. The photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activity was determined using planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). The conjugates of the cationic Pc derivatives with ZnONPy produced the highest log reduction values (∼ 8 and above) with the complete elimination of all planktonic cells at 0.45 kJ/cm2 for S. aureus and at 0.9 kJ/cm2 for E. coli, and C. albicans. For biofilms log reduction values >3 for both S. aureus and E. coli were obtained. The conjugates of the cationic Pc derivatives with NH2-ZnONPy showed great potential in eradicating mixed microbial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azole Sindelo
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle Nene
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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107
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Varghese C, Chakraborty K, Asharaf S. Pharmacological potential of seaweed-associated heterotrophic bacterium Bacillus atrophaeus. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:6. [PMID: 36449106 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Extremities in marine environmental conditions led the marine macroalga-associated bacteria to adapt and biosynthesize potential bioactive agents. The myriad of marine macroalgae and the bacterial flora they are associated with constitute a potential source of bioactive components with significant biotechnological and pharmacological applications. Heterotrophic bacteria associated with the intertidal macroalgae were isolated and assessed for their pharmacological properties. Subsequently, Firmicutes dominated more than half of the 152 cultivable isolates from macroalgae-associated bacteria collected from the Gulf of Mannar (9°17'0'' N, 79°7'0'' E), on Peninsular India's southern coast. A total of 43 of those demonstrated steady antibacterial activities against a wide range of nosocomial pathogens. Among the bacteria isolated from marine macroalgae, Bacillus atrophaeus SHB2097 (MW821482) exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against clinically important pathogens. Organic extract of B. atrophaeus SHB2097 showed potential antimicrobial activities against test pathogens (minimum inhibitory concentration 6.25 µg/mL). Organic extract of B. atrophaeus SHB2097 revealed promising inhibition potential against cyclooxygenase-2 (IC90 53.26 µg/mL) and 5-lipoxygenase (IC90 9.74 µg/mL). The carbolytic enzyme α-glucosidase inhibition potential of the organic extract of the studied heterotrophic bacterium was significantly greater than (IC90 118 µg/mL) than that displayed by acarbose (IC90 645 µg/mL, p < 0.05). The significance of nuclear magnetic resonance-centered analyses of distinguishing signals in the organic extract and correlating those with bioactive potential was accentuated. The utilities of nuclear magnetic resonance-based fingerprinting emphasized the assessment of the distinctive signals in the solvent extracts and their correlation with the pharmacological properties. Thus, the heterotrophic B. atrophaeus SHB2097 could be used to develop potential therapeutic and biomedical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chesvin Varghese
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India.,School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Vallikavu PO, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India.
| | - Sumayya Asharaf
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India.,Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lakeside Campus, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
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108
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Al-Qubaisey M, Khounganian R, Al-Badah A, Ali R. Topographical and Ultrastructural Evaluation of Titanium Plates Coated with PLGA, Chitosan, and/or Meropenem: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10120220. [PMID: 36547036 PMCID: PMC9776826 DOI: 10.3390/dj10120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the topographical and ultrastructural architecture of titanium plates coated with polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA), chitosan (CH), and/or meropenem (MEM) with or without Staphylococcus aureus (SA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacteria. Single-hole segments of 0.4 mm thick, low-profile titanium plates were spray coated using an airbrush with polymeric carriers (PLGA or CH) loaded with MEM, in addition to the negative control group (uncoated titanium plates). The coated plates and the negative control group were subjected to bacterial biofilms through a cultivation process while being slowly stirred at 20 rpm for 24 h. The samples were fixed and processed for scanning electron microscopic study at 5, 10, and 20 k magnification. The data were statistically analyzed to compare within and between the different materials. Coating titanium plates with PLGA or CH with MEM appeared to enhance bacterial inhibition over uncoated plates, hindering biofilm formation and preventing bacterial proliferation. In the staphylococcus aureus group, the highest bacterial count was observed in the uncoated plates, whereas the lowest count was detected in meropenem-PLGA, followed by PLGA, chitosan, meropenem, and meropenem-chitosan, respectively. On the other hand, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa group with the uncoated plates had the highest bacterial count, whereas the lowest bacterial count was found related to CH, followed by PLGA, MP, MC, and MEM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Qubaisey
- Department of Dentistry, Riyadh 2nd Health Cluster, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rita Khounganian
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakim Al-Badah
- Microbiology Laboratory, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Lamret F, Varin-Simon J, Six M, Thoraval L, Chevrier J, Adam C, Guillaume C, Velard F, Gangloff SC, Reffuveille F. Human Osteoblast-Conditioned Media Can Influence Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214393. [PMID: 36430871 PMCID: PMC9696964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts are bone-forming and highly active cells participating in bone homeostasis. In the case of osteomyelitis and more specifically prosthetic joint infections (PJI) for which Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is mainly involved, the interaction between osteoblasts and S. aureus results in impaired bone homeostasis. If, so far, most of the studies of osteoblasts and S. aureus interactions were focused on osteoblast response following direct interactions with co-culture and/or internalization models, less is known about the effect of osteoblast factors on S. aureus biofilm formation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of human osteoblast culture supernatant on methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) SH1000 and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) USA300. Firstly, Saos-2 cell line was incubated with either medium containing TNF-α to mimic the inflammatory periprosthetic environment or with regular medium. Biofilm biomass was slightly increased for both strains in the presence of culture supernatant collected from Saos-2 cells, stimulated or not with TNF-α. In such conditions, SH1000 was able to develop microcolonies, suggesting a rearrangement in biofilm organization. However, the biofilm matrix and regulation of genes dedicated to biofilm formation were not substantially changed. Secondly, culture supernatant obtained from primary osteoblast culture induced varied response from SH1000 strain depending on the different donors tested, whereas USA300 was only slightly affected. This suggested that the sensitivity to bone cell secretions is strain dependent. Our results have shown the impact of osteoblast secretions on bacteria and further identification of involved factors will help to manage PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lamret
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Jennifer Varin-Simon
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Mélodie Six
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Léa Thoraval
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Julie Chevrier
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Cloé Adam
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Christine Guillaume
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Frédéric Velard
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Sophie C. Gangloff
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
- UFR Pharmacie, Service de Microbiologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Fany Reffuveille
- Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, BIOS EA 4691, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
- UFR Pharmacie, Service de Microbiologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France
- Correspondence:
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Wang C, Wei PW, Song CR, Wang X, Zhu GF, Yang YX, Xu GB, Hu ZQ, Tang L, Liu HM, Wang B. Evaluation of the antimicrobial function of Ginkgo biloba exocarp extract against clinical bacteria and its effect on Staphylococcus haemolyticus by disrupting biofilms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115602. [PMID: 36030030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgo nuts) has been used for a long time as a critical Chinese medicine material to treat cough and asthma, as well as a disinfectant. Similar records were written in the Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu, pinyin in Chinese) and Sheng Nong's herbal classic (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, pinyin in Chinese). Recent research has shown that Ginkgo biloba exocarp extract (GBEE) has the functions of unblocking blood vessels and improving brain function, as well as antitumour activity and antibacterial activity. GBEE was shown to inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm formation as a traditional Chinese herb in our previous report in this journal. AIM OF THE STUD: yThe antibiotic resistance of clinical bacteria has recently become increasingly serious. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the Ginkgo biloba exocarp extract (GBEE) antibacterial lineage, as well as its effect and mechanism on S. haemolyticus biofilms. This study will provide a new perspective on clinical multidrug resistant (MDR) treatment with ethnopharmacology herbs. METHODS The microbroth dilution assay was carried out to measure the antibacterial effect of GBEE on 13 types of clinical bacteria. Bacterial growth curves with or without GBEE treatment were drawn at different time points. The potential targets of GBEE against S. haemolyticus were screened by transcriptome sequencing. The effects of GBEE on bacterial biofilm formation and mature biofilm disruption were determined by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. The metabolic activity of bacteria inside the biofilm was assessed by colony-forming unit (CFU) counting and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2HY-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure the gene expression profile of GBEE on S. haemolyticus biofilm-related factors. RESULTS The results showed that GBEE has bacteriostatic effects on 3 g-positive (G+) and 2 g-negative (G-) bacteria among 13 species of clinical bacteria. The antibacterial effect of GBEE supernatant liquid was stronger than the antibacterial effect of GBEE supernviaould-like liquid. GBEE supernatant liquid inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and E. faecium at shallow concentrations with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml and 8 μg/ml, respectively. Genes involved in quorum sensing, two-component systems, folate biosynthesis, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were differentially expressed in GBEE-treated groups compared with controls. Crystal violet, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MTT assays showed that GBEE suppressed S. haemolyticus biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, GBEE supernatant liquid downregulated cidA, cidB and atl, which are involved in cell lysis and extracellular DNA (eDNA) release, as well as downregulated the cbp, ebp and fbp participation in encoding cell-surface binding proteins. CONCLUSIONS GBEE has an excellent antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria and also inhibits the growth of gram-negative bacteria, such as A. baumannii (carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii) CRABA and S. maltophilia. GBEE inhibits the biofilm formation of S. haemolyticus by altering the regulation and biofilm material-related genes, including the release of eDNA and cell-surface binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R & D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng-Wei Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao-Rong Song
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R & D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong-Xin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Guo-Bo Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R & D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zu-Quan Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R & D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Shchelik IS, Gademann K. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Cephalosporin Derivatives Containing Cyclic Disulfide Moieties. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2327-2338. [PMID: 36251034 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to a steady increase in microbial resistance, there is a need to increase the effectiveness of antibiotic performance by involving additional mechanisms of their penetration or retention for their better action. Cephalosporins are a successful group of antibiotics to combat pathogenic microorganisms, including drug-resistant strains. In this study, we investigated the effect of newly synthesized cephalosporin derivatives with cyclic disulfide modifications against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains as well as against biofilm formation. The incorporation of asparagusic acid was found to be effective in improving the activity of the drug against Gram-negative strains compared to the all carbon-control compounds. Furthermore, we could demonstrate the successful reduction of biofilm formation for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at similar concentrations as obtained against planktonic cells. We propose that the incorporation of cyclic disulfides is one additional strategy to improve antibiotic activity and to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga S Shchelik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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112
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Saygin H, Baysal A. Interaction of nanoplastics with simulated biological fluids and their effect on the biofilm formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80775-80786. [PMID: 35727518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has become clear that the pollution by plastic debris presents global societal, environmental, and human health challenges. Moreover, humans are exposed to plastic particles in daily life and very limited information is available concerning human health, especially interactions with biological fluids. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the interaction of plastic particles with simulated biological fluids (e.g., artificial saliva, artificial lysosomal fluid, phagolysosomal simulant fluid, and Gamble's solution) using various exposure stages (2 h to 80 h) and the effect of plastic particles on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms under simulated biological conditions. The plastic particles incubating various simulated biological fluids were characterized using surface functional groups, zeta potentials, and elemental composition. The results indicated that functional group indices (C-O, C = O, C-H, C = C, C-N, S = O, and OH) decreased compared to the control group during the incubation periods, except for the hydroxyl group index. The FTIR results showed that the hydroxyl group formed with the artificial lysosomal fluid, the phagolysosomal simulant fluid, and Gamble's solution. With the impact of the declining functional groups, the zeta potentials were more negative than in the control. Moreover, EDX results showed the release of the components in the particles with the interaction of simulated biological fluids as well as new components like P and Ca introduced to the particles. The biofilms were formed in the presence of nanoplastic particles under both controlled conditions and simulated biological conditions. The amount of biofilm formation was mainly affected by the surface characteristics under simulated biological conditions. In addition, the biofilm characteristics were influenced by the O/C and N/C ratios of the plastic particles with the impact of simulated biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Saygin
- Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, T. C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Baysal
- Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education, T. C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Poilvache H, Van Bambeke F, Cornu O. Development of an innovative in vivo model of PJI treated with DAIR. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:984814. [PMID: 36314026 PMCID: PMC9606572 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.984814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) are catastrophic complications of joint replacement. Debridement, implant retention, and antibiotic therapy (DAIR) is the usual strategy in acute infections but fails in 45% of MRSA infections. We describe the development of a model of infected arthroplasty in rabbits, treated with debridement and a course of vancomycin with clinically relevant dosage. Materials and methods A total of 15 rabbits were assigned to three groups: vancomycin pharmacokinetics (A), infection (B), and DAIR (C). All groups received a tibial arthroplasty using a Ti-6Al-4V implant. Groups B and C were infected per-operatively with a 5.5 log10 MRSA inoculum. After 1 week, groups C infected knees were surgically debrided. Groups A and C received 1 week of vancomycin. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained in group A following 1st and 5th injections. Animals were euthanized 2 weeks after the arthroplasty. Implants and tissue samples were processed for bacterial counts and histology. Results Average vancomycin AUC0–12 h were 213.0 mg*h/L (1st injection) and 207.8 mg*h/L (5th injection), reaching clinical targets. All inoculated animals were infected. CFUs were reproducible in groups B. A sharp decrease in CFU was observed in groups C. Serum markers and leukocytes counts increased significantly in infected groups. Conclusion We developed a reproducible rabbit model of PJI treated with DAIR, using vancomycin at clinically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Poilvache
- Neuro Musculo-Skeletal Laboratory, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium,*Correspondence: Hervé Poilvache,
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Cornu
- Neuro Musculo-Skeletal Laboratory, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Huang S, Hon K, Bennett C, Hu H, Menberu M, Wormald PJ, Zhao Y, Vreugde S, Liu S. Corynebacterium accolens inhibits Staphylococcus aureus induced mucosal barrier disruption. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984741. [PMID: 36187946 PMCID: PMC9515799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium accolens (C. accolens) is a common nasal colonizer, whereas Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is typically regarded a pathogenic organism in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aims to evaluate the interaction of the two bacteria in vitro. Methods Clinical isolates of C. accolens and S. aureus from sinonasal swabs, as well as primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) cultured from cellular brushings of both healthy and CRS patients were used for this study. The cell-free culture supernatants of all isolates grown alone and in co-cultures were tested for their effects on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), FITC-Dextran permeability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of HNECs. Confocal scanning laser microscopy and immunofluorescence were also used to visualize the apical junctional complexes. C. accolens cell-free culture supernatants were also tested for antimicrobial activity and growth on planktonic and biofilm S. aureus growth. Results The cell-free culture supernatants of 3\C. accolens strains (at 60% for S. aureus reference strain and 30% concentration for S. aureus clinical strains) inhibited the growth of both the planktonic S. aureus reference and clinical strains significantly. The C. accolens cell-free culture supernatants caused no change in the TER or FITC-Dextran permeability of the HNEC-ALI cultures, while the cell-free culture supernatants of S. aureus strains had a detrimental effect. Cell-free culture supernatants of C. accolens co-cultured with both the clinical and reference strains of S. aureus delayed the S. aureus-dependent mucosal barrier damage in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Corynebacterium accolens cell-free culture supernatants appear to inhibit the growth of the S. aureus planktonic bacteria, and may reduce the mucosal barrier damage caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Huang
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Rhinology, The ENT Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Karen Hon
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine Bennett
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Martha Menberu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Department of Rhinology, The ENT Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kasthuri T, Swetha TK, Bhaskar JP, Pandian SK. Rapid-killing efficacy substantiates the antiseptic property of the synergistic combination of carvacrol and nerol against nosocomial pathogens. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:590. [PMID: 36053368 PMCID: PMC9438373 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Globally, new classes of synthetic and natural antibiotics and antivirulents have continuously been validated for their potential broad-spectrum antagonistic activity with the aim of identifying an effective active molecule to prevent the spread of infectious agents in both food industry and medical field. In view of this, present study is aimed at evaluating the rapid killing efficacy of bioactive molecules Carvacrol (C) and Nerol (N) through British Standard European Norm 1276: phase2/step1 (EN1276) protocol. Active molecules C and N showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against the test strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus hirae at concentration range of 78.125, 625, 156.25 and 312.5 μg/mL, respectively, for C, and 625 μg/mL for N. Whereas, combinatorial approach showed efficient activity with four times reduced concentration of C and N at 78.125 and 156.25 µg/mL, respectively, against test strains. Further, EN1276 results proved the rapid killing efficacy of test strains in 1 min of contact time with significant (> 5 log) growth reduction at 100X concentration of actives. SEM analysis and reduced concentration of protease, lipids and carbohydrate contents of treated group biofilm components ascertained preformed biofilm disruption potential of C + N on polystyrene and nail surfaces. C + N at synergistic concentration exhibited no adverse effect on HaCaT cells at 78.125 µg/mL (C) + 156.25 µg/mL (N). Taken together, based on the observed experimental results, present study evidence the antiseptic/disinfectant ability of C + N and suggest that the combination can preferentially be used in foam-based hand wash formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathi Kasthuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang J, Wang J, Jin J, Li X, Zhang H, Zhao C. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and dairy products worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rima M, Chbani A, Roques C, El Garah F. Seaweed Extracts as an Effective Gateway in the Search for Novel Antibiofilm Agents against Staphylococcus aureus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172285. [PMID: 36079667 PMCID: PMC9459781 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of biofilm-associated infections has become a major challenge in biomedical and clinical fields due to the failure of conventional treatments in controlling this highly complex and tolerant structure. Therefore, the search for novel antibiofilm agents with increased efficacy as those provided by natural products, presents an urgent need. The aim of this study was to explore extracts derived from three algae (green Ulva lactuca, brown Stypocaulon scoparium, red Pterocladiella capillacea) for their potential antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, bacterium responsible for several acute and chronic infections. Seaweed extracts were prepared by successive maceration in various solvents (cyclohexane (CH), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol (MeOH)). The ability of the different extracts to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation was assessed using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts method supported by epifluorescence microscopic analysis. Effects of active extracts on the biofilm growth cycle, as well as on S. aureus surface hydrophobicity were evaluated. Results revealed the ability of four extracts to significantly inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation. These findings were supported by microscopy analyses. The gradual increase in the number of adherent bacteria when the selected extracts were added at various times (t0, t2h, t4h, t6h, and t24h) revealed their potential effect on the initial adhesion and proliferation stages of S. aureus biofilm development. Interestingly, a significant reduction in the surface hydrophobicity of S. aureus treated with dichloromethane (DCM) extract derived from U. lactuca was demonstrated. These findings present new insights into the exploration of seaweeds as a valuable source of antibiofilm agents with preventive effect by inhibiting and/or delaying biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rima
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Asma Chbani
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Fatima El Garah
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-562-25-68-55
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Antibiofilm Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in Changing the Biofilm-Related Gene Expression of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169257. [PMID: 36012520 PMCID: PMC9409202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem. Among staphylococci, infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) are frequent and difficult to eradicate. This is due to its ability to form biofilm. Among the antibiotic substances, nanosilver is of particular interest. Based on this information, we decided to investigate the effect of nanosilver on the viability, biofilm formation and gene expression of the icaADBC operon and the icaR gene for biofilm and non-biofilm S. epidermidis strains. As we observed, the viability of all the tested strains decreased with the use of nanosilver at a concentration of 5 µg/mL. The ability to form biofilm also decreased with the use of nanosilver at a concentration of 3 µg/mL. Genetic expression of the icaADBC operon and the icaR gene varied depending on the ability of the strain to form biofilm. Low concentrations of nanosilver may cause increased biofilm production, however no such effect was observed with high concentrations. This confirms that the use of nanoparticles at an appropriately high dose in any future therapy is of utmost importance. Data from our publication confirm the antibacterial and antibiotic properties of nanosilver. This effect was observed phenotypically and also by levels of gene expression.
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Li M, Wang X, Wang C, Qiu L, Xuan Y, Lei X, Jiang P, Shi H, Wang J. Antimicrobial Peptide-Loaded Gelatinase-Responsive Photothermal Nanogel for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Wounds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3463-3472. [PMID: 35771187 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As the most common pathogen of community and nosocomial infection, the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to traditional antibiotics is still increasing with years. Although the potent antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been widely confirmed, the unpredictable cytotoxicity remains the biggest obstacle to their clinical application. The development of a targeted drug delivery system for S. aureus is a practical strategy to ameliorate the inherent limitations of AMPs. In this work, we constructed an AMP release nanogel (cypate-GNPs@Cy3-AMP, CGCA) of S. aureus infection microenvironment using gelatinase nanoparticles (GNPs) for toxicity control and bacterial clearance. Gelatinase present in the infected site degrades GNPs, thus releasing Cy3-AMP in situ to destroy bacterial cells. Cypate modified on the surface of GNPs supports CGCA to generate localized heat under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, which together with AMPs could cause irreversible physical damage to bacteria. In addition, the encapsulation from GNPs not only effectively limited the toxicity of AMPs but also significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In the mouse infection model, CGCA also exhibited excellent effects of bacterial clearance and wound healing, providing a potential direction for the correct use of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Lei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Shi
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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The Use of Rifampin in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:1650-1657. [PMID: 35346810 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Rifampin is an antibiotic with the ability to penetrate bacterial biofilms, and thus has been considered as a potentially important adjunct in the prevention and treatment of PJI. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate and summarize the use of rifampin in TJA, particularly in the context of PJI. METHODS A literature search of all relevant electronic databases was performed. All comparative studies assessing the use of rifampin in the context of TJA were included. Descriptive data are reported, and a meta-analysis was performed using all studies which compared the addition of rifampin to standard care in treating PJI. RESULTS A total of 33 studies met inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of 22 studies comparing the addition of rifampin to standard care for treating PJI found a significant reduction in failure rates (26.0% vs 35.9%; odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.43-0.86). The protective effect of rifampin was maintained in studies which included exchange arthroplasty as a treatment strategy, but not in studies only using an implant retention strategy. Among studies reporting adverse events of rifampin, there was a 20.5% adverse event rate. CONCLUSION Overall, rifampin appears to confer a protective effect against treatment failure following PJI. This treatment effect is particularly pronounced in the context of exchange arthroplasty. Further high-level evidence is needed to clarify the exact indications and doses of rifampin which can most effectively act as an adjunct in the treatment of PJI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Level I-III Studies.
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Ch'ng JH, Muthu M, Chong KKL, Wong JJ, Tan CAZ, Koh ZJS, Lopez D, Matysik A, Nair ZJ, Barkham T, Wang Y, Kline KA. Heme cross-feeding can augment Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis dual species biofilms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2015-2026. [PMID: 35589966 PMCID: PMC9296619 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of biofilms to virulence and as a barrier to treatment is well-established for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, both nosocomial pathogens frequently isolated from biofilm-associated infections. Despite frequent co-isolation, their interactions in biofilms have not been well-characterized. We report that in combination, these two species can give rise to augmented biofilms biomass that is dependent on the activation of E. faecalis aerobic respiration. In E. faecalis, respiration requires both exogenous heme to activate the cydAB-encoded heme-dependent cytochrome bd, and the availability of O2. We determined that the ABC transporter encoded by cydDC contributes to heme import. In dual species biofilms, S. aureus provides the heme to activate E. faecalis respiration. S. aureus mutants deficient in heme biosynthesis were unable to augment biofilms whereas heme alone is sufficient to augment E. faecalis mono-species biofilms. Our results demonstrate that S. aureus-derived heme, likely in the form of released hemoproteins, promotes E. faecalis biofilm formation, and that E. faecalis gelatinase activity facilitates heme extraction from hemoproteins. This interspecies interaction and metabolic cross-feeding may explain the frequent co-occurrence of these microbes in biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Ch'ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mugil Muthu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin K L Chong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanyang Technological University Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Wong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Casandra A Z Tan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary J S Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zeus J Nair
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy Barkham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Vlaeminck J, Lin Q, Xavier BB, De Backer S, Berkell M, De Greve H, Hernalsteens JP, Kumar-Singh S, Goossens H, Malhotra-Kumar S. The dynamic transcriptome during maturation of biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:882346. [PMID: 35966712 PMCID: PMC9366926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.882346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a leading cause of chronic infections, forms prolific biofilms which afford an escape route from antibiotic treatment and host immunity. However, MRSA clones are genetically diverse, and mechanisms underlying biofilm formation remain under-studied. Such studies form the basis for developing targeted therapeutics. Here, we studied the temporal changes in the biofilm transcriptome of three pandemic MRSA clones: USA300, HEMRSA-15, and ST239.MethodsBiofilm formation was assessed using a static model with one representative strain per clone. Total RNA was extracted from biofilm and planktonic cultures after 24, 48, and 72 h of growth, followed by rRNA depletion and sequencing (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, United States, NextSeq500, v2, 1 × 75 bp). Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis between phenotypes and among early (24 h), intermediate (48 h), and late (72 h) stages of biofilms was performed together with in silico co-expression network construction and compared between clones. To understand the influence of SCCmec and ACME on biofilm formation, isogenic mutants containing deletions of the entire elements or of single genes therein were constructed in USA300.ResultsGenes involved in primarily core genome-encoded KEGG pathways (transporters and others) were upregulated in 24-h biofilm culture compared to 24-h planktonic culture. However, the number of affected pathways in the ST239 24 h biofilm (n = 11) was remarkably lower than that in USA300/EMRSA-15 biofilms (USA300: n = 27, HEMRSA-15: n = 58). The clfA gene, which encodes clumping factor A, was the single common DEG identified across the three clones in 24-h biofilm culture (2.2- to 2.66-fold). In intermediate (48 h) and late (72 h) stages of biofilms, decreased expression of central metabolic and fermentative pathways (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid biosynthesis), indicating a shift to anaerobic conditions, was already evident in USA300 and HEMRSA-15 in 48-h biofilm cultures; ST239 showed a similar profile at 72 h. Last, SCCmec+ACME deletion and opp3D disruption negatively affected USA300 biofilm formation.ConclusionOur data show striking differences in gene expression during biofilm formation by three of the most important pandemic MRSA clones, USA300, HEMRSA-15, and ST239. The clfA gene was the only significantly upregulated gene across all three strains in 24-h biofilm cultures and exemplifies an important target to disrupt early biofilms. Furthermore, our data indicate a critical role for arginine catabolism pathways in early biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Vlaeminck
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Qiang Lin
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Basil Britto Xavier
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Backer
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matilda Berkell
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Henri De Greve
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar,
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin B Resistance among Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Chile. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081000. [PMID: 35892390 PMCID: PMC9332560 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolides, lincosamides, and type B streptogramins (MLSB) are important therapeutic options to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections; however, resistance to these antibiotics has been emerging. In Chile, data on the MLSB resistance phenotypes are scarce in both community-(CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility to MLSB was determined for sixty-eight non-repetitive isolates of each HA-(32) and CA-MRSA (36). Detection of SCCmec elements, ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was performed by PCR. The predominant clones were SCCmec I-ST5 (HA-MRSA) and type IVc-ST8 (CA-MRSA). Most of the HA-MRSA isolates (97%) showed resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. Among CA-MRSA isolates, 28% were resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin, and 25% to clarithromycin. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and over 97% to rifampicin. The ermA gene was amplified in 88% of HA-MRSA and 17% of CA-MRSA isolates (p < 0.001). The ermC gene was detected in 6% of HA-SARM and none of CA-SARM isolates, whereas the msrA gene was only amplified in 22% of CA-MRSA (p < 0.005). Our results demonstrate the prevalence of the cMLSB resistance phenotype in all HA-MRSA isolates in Chile, with the ermA being the predominant gene identified among these isolates.
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Hawkins AN, Licea SJ, Sleeper SA, Swearingen MC. Calcium sulfate beads made with antibacterial essential oil-water emulsions exhibit growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus in agar pour plates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271209. [PMID: 35802739 PMCID: PMC9269935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium sulfate bone void filler beads are fully absorbable in the body, and are often used in complicated orthopedic infection cases to release a relatively high dose of antibiotics locally to the body site over time. However, the antibiotic resistance crisis and/or inability to treat chronic biofilm infections remains to be a formidable and increasing health threat. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that plant essential oils (PEOs) with anti-staphylococcal qualities could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (a major etiological agent of periprosthetic joint infection) in agar pour plates when infused in calcium sulfate beads. To begin, we conducted a screen of 57 single plant PEOs for anti-staphylococcal activity via disk diffusions assays. We observed that 55/57 of the PEOs had significant growth inhibitory activity compared to the null hypothesis, and 41/57 PEOs exhibited activity similar-to-or-higher-than a vancomycin minimum inhibitory control. When PEOs were infused in beads, we observed that 17/57 PEOs tested exhibited significant bacterial growth inhibition when encased in S. aureus-seeded agar compared to a null hypothesis of six millimeters (bead size). However, none of the PEO-beads had activity similar to a vancomycin bead control made according to a clinically relevant formula. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report and screen of PEOs for growth inhibitory activity when infused in lab-made calcium sulfate beads. These data indicate that antibacterial PEOs warrant further investigations, and may be useful in developing new treatment strategies for periprosthetic joint infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Hawkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sara J. Licea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sierra A. Sleeper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Swearingen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The Antibacterial Activity Mode of Action of Plantaricin YKX against Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134280. [PMID: 35807524 PMCID: PMC9268016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of plantaricin YKX on S. aureus. The mode of action of plantaricin YKX against the cells of S. aureus indicated that plantaricin YKX was able to cause the leakage of cellular content and damage the structure of the cell membranes. Additionally, plantaricin YKX was also able to inhibit the formation of S. aureus biofilms. As the concentration of plantaricin YKX reached 3/4 MIC, the percentage of biofilm formation inhibition was over 50%. Fluorescent dye labeling combined with fluorescence microscopy confirmed the results. Finally, the effect of plantaricin YKX on the AI-2/LuxS QS system was investigated. Molecular docking predicted that the binding energy of AI-2 and plantaricin YKX was −4.7 kcal/mol and the binding energy of bacteriocin and luxS protein was −183.701 kcal/mol. The expression of the luxS gene increased significantly after being cocultured with plantaricin YKX, suggesting that plantaricin YKX can affect the QS system of S. aureus.
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Saygin H, Baysal A. Single and combined effects of antibiotics and nanoplastics from surgical masks and plastic bottles on pathogens. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109340. [PMID: 35381365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, pollution of plastics and antibiotics has increased in its threat to the environment and human health. However, very limited information is available concerning impact of co-presence of plastics and antibiotics on environment and human health. Moreover, the potential ingestion and inhalation of nano(micro)plastics due to the disposable materials has dramatically increased. With the outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 in the world, disposable surgical masks and plastic bottles have been widely used by the public, and their rapid use and improper dispensing can cause to increase plastic pollution risk on human. However, impacts of co-presence of nano(micro)plastics and antibiotics on pathogens have yet been demonstrated. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact the individual and combined influences of nano-sized plastics (surgical mask and plastic bottles) and antibiotics (amoxicillin and spiramycin) towards the main susceptible bacterium (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by microbial activity, biofilm formation and their biochemical characteristics. The results showed that antimicrobial efficiencies of the tested antibiotics were reduced (approximately 10-98%) with the plastics. Moreover, the biochemical pathways of the microbial activity changed by the plastics entrance. Polymer structure and sorption play the role on the reduction in the inhibition of pathogens. In the meantime, the biofilm formation changed and characteristic of the extracellular polymeric substance with the co-presence of plastics and antibiotics mostly depended on the polymer structure, exposure time and sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Saygin
- Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, T. C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Baysal
- Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education, T. C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Asharaf S, Chakraborty K. Pharmacological potential of seaweed-associated heterotrophic Firmicutes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1042-1054. [PMID: 35771159 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Seaweed-associated bacterial symbionts are sources of potential pharmacological properties. The present study resulted in the culture-dependent isolation of bioactive heterotrophs belonging to the bacterial phylum Firmicutes, which were dominated more than 30% of the 127 cultivable isolates, among which 23 of them showed potential antimicrobial activities against a wide range of pathogens. The symbionts isolated from the seaweed Sargassum wightii showed significant bioactivity. Those were characterised as Bacillus safensis MTCC13040, B. valismortis MTCC13041, B. velezensis MTCC13044, B. methylotrophicus MTCC13042, Oceanobacillus profundus MTCC13045, B. tequilensis MTCC13043, and B. altitudinis MTCC13046. The organic extracts of the studied isolates showed potential antimicrobial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (minimum inhibitory concentration 6.25-12.5 μg ml-1 ). The organic extract of B. altitudinis MTCC13046 displayed significantly greater radical quenching ability (IC90 133 μg ml-1 , p < 0.05) other than attenuating hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (IC90 10.21 μg ml-1 , p < 0.05) and angiotensin converting enzyme-1 (IC90 498 μg ml-1 , p < 0.05) relative to other studied heterotrophs. The organic extract of B. tequilensis MTCC13043 displayed significantly greater attenuation potential against pro-inflammatory 5-lipooxygenase (IC90 5.94 μg ml-1 , p < 0.05) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (IC90 271 μg ml-1 , p < 0.05). The seaweed-associated B. altitudinis MTCC13046 and B. tequilensis MTCC13043 could be used to develop promising pharmacological leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayya Asharaf
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No, 1603, Cochin, -682018, Kerala State, India.,Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lakeside Campus, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala State, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No, 1603, Cochin, -682018, Kerala State, India
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AL-Dujaily AH, Mahmood AK. Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles and Gentamicin Against Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Caprine Mastitis. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v46i1.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficiency of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus that can form biofilms. The characterization of AgNPs was confirmed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) which was spherical and homogenous in form, with a diameter between 25 and 45 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) presented the size of AgNPs to be 50 nm. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to examine the presence of elemental silver. The three-dimensional structure of silver nanoparticles was discovered using an atomic force microscope (AFM), with a diameter of 47.18 nm on average. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of AgNPs and gentamicin against S. aureus isolated from caprine mastitis were determined using the microdilution assay. The checkerboard microdilution technique was utilized to inspect the synergistic antibacterial activity of AgNPs with gentamicin utilizing the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The antibiofilm capability of AgNPs was also investigated. The results indicate that AgNPs generated by biosynthesis are antibacterial against S. aureus. Moreover, AgNPs and gentamicin exhibit synergistic action. The study's findings suggest that biogenic AgNPs may act as anti-biofilm agents and treat mastitis caused by S. aureus. In conclusions biosynthesized AgNPs exhibit strong antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness and synergistic activity when combined with gentamicin.
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Jin Y, Zhao B, Guo W, Li Y, Min J, Miao W. Penetration and photodynamic ablation of drug-resistant biofilm by cationic Iron oxide nanoparticles. J Control Release 2022; 348:911-923. [PMID: 35760234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As we step into the post-antibiotic era, the accelerated emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria poses an increasingly serious threat to public health. The formation of antibiotic-resistant biofilms further challenges currently available drugs and treatment options, calling for novel strategies for effective ablation of such biofilm with minimal concern on safety and development of resistance. Herein, we report a novel type of photodynamic nanoagent, composed of chlorin e6 (Ce6)-loaded water-soluble chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (named Ce6@WCS-IONP), for drug-resistant bacteria killing and biofilm eradication. The fabricated Ce6@WCS-IONP has negligible toxicity to mammalian cells and exhibited equivalent singlet oxygen generation capacity to free Ce6; however, its association with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was greatly enhanced, as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis and transmission electron microscope. In vitro studies verified that Ce6@WCS-IONP has superior photodynamic bactericidal effect against planktonic MRSA. Furthermore, with the aid of the cationic nature and small size, Ce6@WCS-IONP could effectively penetrate into MRSA biofilm, revealed by 3D fluorescence imaging. Both biomass analysis and viable bacteria counting demonstrated that Ce6@WCS-IONP showed potent biofilm ablation efficacy, averagely 7.1 log unit lower than that in free Ce6 group upon identical light irradiation. In addition, local treatment of MRSA-infected mice with Ce6@WCS-IONP plus light irradiation resulted in significant antibacterial and wound healing effect, accompanied by good biocompatibility in vivo. Collectively, photosensitizer-loaded cationic IONP with effective biofilm penetration and photodynamic eradication potential might be a promising nano platform in fighting against antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogen and biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangye Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Binbing Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Juncheng Min
- College of Overseas Education, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wenjun Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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Ballah FM, Islam MS, Rana ML, Ferdous FB, Ahmed R, Pramanik PK, Karmoker J, Ievy S, Sobur MA, Siddique MP, Khatun MM, Rahman M, Rahman MT. Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Different Food Sources in Bangladesh. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070949. [PMID: 36101330 PMCID: PMC9311614 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen. The ability of S. aureus to produce biofilm is a significant virulence factor, triggering its persistence in hostile environments. In this study, we screened a total of 420 different food samples and human hand swabs to detect S. aureus and to determine their biofilm formation ability. Samples analyzed were meat, milk, eggs, fish, fast foods, and hand swabs. S. aureus were detected by culturing, staining, biochemical, and PCR. Biofilm formation ability was determined by Congo Red Agar (CRA) plate and Crystal Violet Microtiter Plate (CVMP) tests. The icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and bap genes involved in the synthesis of biofilm-forming intracellular adhesion compounds were detected by PCR. About 23.81% (100/420; 95% CI: 14.17−29.98%) of the samples harbored S. aureus, as revealed by detection of the nuc gene. The CRA plate test revealed 20% of S. aureus isolates as strong biofilm producers and 69% and 11% as intermediate and non-biofilm producers, respectively. By the CVMP staining method, 20%, 77%, and 3% of the isolates were found to be strong, intermediate, and non-biofilm producers. Furthermore, 21% of S. aureus isolates carried at least one biofilm-forming gene, where icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and bap genes were detected in 15%, 20%, 7%, 20%, and 10% of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed highly significant correlations (p < 0.001) between any of the two adhesion genes of S. aureus isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh describing the detection of biofilm-forming S. aureus from foods and hand swabs using molecular-based evidence. Our findings suggest that food samples should be deemed a potential reservoir of biofilm-forming S. aureus, which indicates a potential public health significance.
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Deepika G, Subbarayadu S, Chaudhary A, Sarma PVGK. Dibenzyl (benzo [d] thiazol-2-yl (hydroxy) methyl) phosphonate (DBTMP) showing anti-S. aureus and anti-biofilm properties by elevating activities of serine protease (SspA) and cysteine protease staphopain B (SspB). Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:397. [PMID: 35708833 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are the pathogenic factor in the spread of infection and are more pronounced in multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus, where high expression of proteases is observed. Among various proteases, Serine protease (SspA) and cysteine protease Staphopain B (SspB) are known to play a key role in the biofilm formation and removal of biofilms. In earlier studies, we have reported Dibenzyl (benzo [d] thiazol-2-yl (hydroxy) methyl) phosphonate (DBTMP) exhibits anti-S. aureus and anti-biofilm properties by elevating the expression of the protease. In this study, the effect of DBTMP on the activities of SspA, and SspB of S. aureus was evaluated. The SspA and SspB genes of S. aureus ATCC12600 were sequenced (Genbank accession numbers: MZ456982 and MW574006). In S. aureus active SspA is formed by proteolytic cleavage of immature SspA, to get this mature SspA (mSspA), we have PCR amplified the mSspA sequence from the SspA gene. The mSspA and SspB genes were cloned, expressed, and characterized. The pure recombinant proteins rSspB and rmSspA exhibited a single band in SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of 40 and 30 KD, respectively. The activities of rmSspA and rSspB are 32.33 and 35.45 Units/mL correspondingly. DBTMP elevated the activities of rmSspA and rSspB by docking with respective enzymes. This compound disrupted the biofilms formed by the multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus and further prevented biofilm formation. These findings explain that DBTMP possesses anti-S. aureus and anti-biofilm features.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deepika
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - S Subbarayadu
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Abhijit Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Padmavati Medical College (Women), SVIMS, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - P V G K Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
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132
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Wang M, Buist G, van Dijl JM. Staphylococcus aureus cell wall maintenance - the multifaceted roles of peptidoglycan hydrolases in bacterial growth, fitness, and virulence. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6604383. [PMID: 35675307 PMCID: PMC9616470 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and livestock pathogen that is well-protected against environmental insults by a thick cell wall. Accordingly, the wall is a major target of present-day antimicrobial therapy. Unfortunately, S. aureus has mastered the art of antimicrobial resistance, as underscored by the global spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The major cell wall component is peptidoglycan. Importantly, the peptidoglycan network is not only vital for cell wall function, but it also represents a bacterial Achilles' heel. In particular, this network is continuously opened by no less than 18 different peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) encoded by the S. aureus core genome, which facilitate bacterial growth and division. This focuses attention on the specific functions executed by these enzymes, their subcellular localization, their control at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, their contributions to staphylococcal virulence and their overall importance in bacterial homeostasis. As highlighted in the present review, our understanding of the different aspects of PGH function in S. aureus has been substantially increased over recent years. This is important because it opens up new possibilities to exploit PGHs as innovative targets for next-generation antimicrobials, passive or active immunization strategies, or even to engineer them into effective antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Corresponding author: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. box 30001, HPC EB80, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands, Tel. +31-50-3615187; Fax. +31-50-3619105; E-mail:
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133
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Weaver AJ, Borgogna TR, O’Shea-Stone G, Peters TR, Copié V, Voyich J, Teintze M. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Induces Metabolic Changes and Reduces Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Interactions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060781. [PMID: 35740189 PMCID: PMC9220049 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in bacterial resistance to common antibiotics has raised an increased need for alternative treatment strategies. The natural antibacterial product, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA) has shown efficacy against community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), although its interactions against planktonic and biofilm modes of growth remain poorly understood. This investigation utilized biochemical and metabolic approaches to further elucidate the effects of GRA on MRSA. Prolonged exposure of planktonic MRSA cell cultures to GRA resulted in increased production of staphyloxanthin, a pigment known to exhibit antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing functions. Then, 1D 1H NMR analyses of intracellular metabolite extracts from MRSA treated with GRA revealed significant changes in intracellular polar metabolite profiles, including increased levels of succinate and citrate, and significant reductions in several amino acids, including branch chain amino acids. These changes reflect the MRSA response to GRA exposure, including potentially altering its membrane composition, which consumes branched chain amino acids and leads to significant energy expenditure. Although GRA itself had no significant effect of biofilm viability, it seems to be an effective biofilm disruptor. This may be related to interference with cell–cell aggregation, as treatment of planktonic MRSA cultures with GRA leads to a significant reduction in micro-aggregation. The dispersive nature of GRA on MRSA biofilms may prove valuable for treatment of such infections and could be used to increase susceptibility to complementary antibiotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Weaver
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (A.J.W.J.); (G.O.-S.); (T.R.P.)
| | - Timothy R. Borgogna
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Galen O’Shea-Stone
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (A.J.W.J.); (G.O.-S.); (T.R.P.)
| | - Tami R. Peters
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (A.J.W.J.); (G.O.-S.); (T.R.P.)
| | - Valérie Copié
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (A.J.W.J.); (G.O.-S.); (T.R.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (J.V.); (M.T.); Tel.: +406-994-7244 (V.C.); +406-994-7184 (J.V.); +406-994-6515 (M.T.)
| | - Jovanka Voyich
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (J.V.); (M.T.); Tel.: +406-994-7244 (V.C.); +406-994-7184 (J.V.); +406-994-6515 (M.T.)
| | - Martin Teintze
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (A.J.W.J.); (G.O.-S.); (T.R.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (J.V.); (M.T.); Tel.: +406-994-7244 (V.C.); +406-994-7184 (J.V.); +406-994-6515 (M.T.)
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134
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Dollery SJ, Harro JM, Wiggins TJ, Wille BP, Kim PC, Tobin JK, Bushnell RV, Tasker NJPER, MacLeod DA, Tobin GJ. Select Whole-Cell Biofilm-Based Immunogens Protect against a Virulent Staphylococcus Isolate in a Stringent Implant Model of Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060833. [PMID: 35746441 PMCID: PMC9231243 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many microbes of concern to human health remain without vaccines. We have developed a whole-microbe inactivation technology that enables us to rapidly inactivate large quantities of a pathogen while retaining epitopes that were destroyed by previous inactivation methods. The method that we call UVC-MDP inactivation can be used to make whole-cell vaccines with increased potency. We and others are exploring the possibility of using improved irradiation-inactivation technologies to develop whole-cell vaccines for numerous antibiotic-resistant microbes. Here, we apply UVC-MDP to produce candidate MRSA vaccines which we test in a stringent tibia implant model of infection challenged with a virulent MSRA strain. We report high levels of clearance in the model and observe a pattern of protection that correlates with the immunogen protein profile used for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Dollery
- Biological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (T.J.W.); (J.K.T.); (R.V.B.); (N.J.P.E.R.T.); (D.A.M.); (G.J.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Janette M. Harro
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.M.H.); (B.P.W.); (P.C.K.)
| | - Taralyn J. Wiggins
- Biological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (T.J.W.); (J.K.T.); (R.V.B.); (N.J.P.E.R.T.); (D.A.M.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Brendan P. Wille
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.M.H.); (B.P.W.); (P.C.K.)
| | - Peter C. Kim
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.M.H.); (B.P.W.); (P.C.K.)
| | - John K. Tobin
- Biological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (T.J.W.); (J.K.T.); (R.V.B.); (N.J.P.E.R.T.); (D.A.M.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Ruth V. Bushnell
- Biological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (T.J.W.); (J.K.T.); (R.V.B.); (N.J.P.E.R.T.); (D.A.M.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Naomi J. P. E. R. Tasker
- Biological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (T.J.W.); (J.K.T.); (R.V.B.); (N.J.P.E.R.T.); (D.A.M.); (G.J.T.)
| | - David A. MacLeod
- Biological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (T.J.W.); (J.K.T.); (R.V.B.); (N.J.P.E.R.T.); (D.A.M.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Gregory J. Tobin
- Biological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (T.J.W.); (J.K.T.); (R.V.B.); (N.J.P.E.R.T.); (D.A.M.); (G.J.T.)
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135
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Yin X, Fang Z, Fang Y, Zhu L, Pang J, Liu T, Zhao Z, Zhao J. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Involving a Novel Photosensitizer Combined With an Antibiotic in the Treatment of Rabbit Tibial Osteomyelitis Caused by Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876166. [PMID: 35531297 PMCID: PMC9073078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is deep tissue inflammation caused by bacterial infection. If such an infection persists, it can lead to dissolution and necrosis of the bone tissue. As a result of the extensive use of antibiotics, drug-resistant bacteria are an increasingly common cause of osteomyelitis, limiting the treatment options available to surgeons. Photodynamic antibacterial chemotherapy has attracted increasing attention as a potential alternative treatment. Its advantages are a broad antibacterial spectrum, lack of drug resistance, and lack of toxic side effects. In this study, we explored the impact of the new photosensitizer LD4 in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), both alone and in combination with an antibiotic, on osteomyelitis. A rabbit tibial osteomyelitis model was employed and microbiological, histological, and radiological studies were performed. New Zealand white rabbits (n = 36) were randomly divided into a control group, antibiotic group, PACT group and PACT + antibiotic group for treatment. In microbiological analysis, a reduction in bacterial numbers of more than 99.9% was recorded in the PACT group and the PACT + antibiotic group 5 weeks after treatment (p < 0.01). In histological analysis, repair of the damaged bone tissue was observed in the PACT group, and bone repair in the PACT + antibiotic group was even more significant. In radiological analysis, the X-ray Norden score showed that the severity of bone tissue defects or destruction followed the pattern: PACT + antibiotic group < PACT group < antibiotic group < control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ziyuan Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinwen Pang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanjuan Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianxi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
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136
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Ganesh P, Veena K, Senthil R, Iswamy K, Ponmalar EM, Mariappan V, Girija ASS, Vadivelu J, Nagarajan S, Challabathula D, Shankar EM. Biofilm-Associated Agr and Sar Quorum Sensing Systems of Staphylococcus aureus Are Inhibited by 3-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derived from Illicium verum. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14653-14665. [PMID: 35557687 PMCID: PMC9088959 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is less sensitive to conventional antibiotics than free-living planktonic cells. Here, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of Illicium verum (I. verum) and one of its constituent compounds 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA) against multi-drug-resistant S. aureus. We performed gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to identify the major constituents in the methanolic extract of I. verum. Ligand-receptor interactions were studied by molecular docking, and in vitro investigations were performed using crystal violet assay, spreading assay, hemolysis, proteolytic activity, and growth curve analysis. The methanolic extract of I. verum inhibited S. aureus at 4.8 mg/mL, and GC-MS analysis revealed anethole, m-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 3-HBA as the major constituents. Molecular docking attributed the antibiofilm activity to an active ligand present in 3-HBA, which strongly interacted with the active site residues of AgrA and SarA of S. aureus. At a subinhibitory concentration of 2.4 mg/mL, the extract showed biofilm inhibition. Similarly, 3-HBA inhibited biofilm activity at 25 μg/mL (90.34%), 12.5 μg/mL (77.21%), and 6.25 μg/mL (62.69%) concentrations. Marked attrition in bacterial spreading was observed at 2.4 mg/mL (crude extract) and 25 μg/mL (3-HBA) concentrations. The methanol extract of I. verum and 3-HBA markedly inhibited β-hemolytic and proteolytic activities of S. aureus. At the lowest concentration, the I. verum extract (2.4 mg/mL) and 3-HBA (25 μg/mL) did not inhibit bacterial growth. Optical microscopy and SEM analysis confirmed that I. verum and 3-HBA significantly reduced biofilm dispersion without disturbing bacterial growth. Together, we found that the antibiofilm activity of I. verum and 3-HBA strongly targeted the Agr and Sar systems of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaipillai
Sankar Ganesh
- Department
of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, PH Road, Chennai 600077, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Veena
- Infection
Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central
University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Tiruvarur 610005, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Renganathan Senthil
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Marudupandiyar College, Vallam, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Koneti Iswamy
- Infection
Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central
University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Tiruvarur 610005, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Esaki Muthu Ponmalar
- Sri
Sairam Siddha Medical College and Research Centre, West Tambaram, Chennai 600044, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Center
for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - A. S. Smiline Girija
- Department
of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, PH Road, Chennai 600077, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Department
of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil
Nadu, Neelakudi, Tiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinakar Challabathula
- Department
of Life Sciences, Central University of
Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Tiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Esaki Muthu Shankar
- Infection
Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central
University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Tiruvarur 610005, Tamilnadu, India
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137
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Chitosan-gum arabic embedded alizarin nanocarriers inhibit biofilm formation of multispecies microorganisms. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:118959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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138
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Sinsinwar S, Jayaraman A, Mahapatra SK, Vellingiri V. Anti-virulence properties of catechin-in-cyclodextrin-in-phospholipid liposome through down-regulation of gene expression in MRSA strains. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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139
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Fan Q, Yuan Y, Zhang T, Song W, Sheng Q, Yue T. Inhibitory effects of lactobionic acid on Vibrio parahaemolyticus planktonic cells and biofilms. Food Microbiol 2022; 103:103963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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140
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Antibiotic-loaded lipid-based nanocarrier: a promising strategy to overcome bacterial infection. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121782. [PMID: 35489605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), bacterial infections are one of the greatest threats to global health, food production, and life expectancy. In this sense, the development of innovative formulations aiming at greater therapeutic efficacy, safety, and shorter treatment duration compared to conventional products is urgently needed. Lipid-based nanocarriers (LBNs) have demonstrated the potential to enhance the effectiveness of available antibiotics. Among them, liposome, nanoemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN), and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) are the most promising due to their solid technical background for laboratory and industrial production. This review describes recent advances in developing antibiotic-loaded LBNs against susceptible and resistant bacterial strains and biofilm. LBNs revealed to be a promising alternative to deliver antibiotics due to their superior characteristics compared to conventional preparations, including their modified drug release, improved bioavailability, drug protection against chemical or enzymatic degradation, greater drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility. Antibiotic-loaded LBNs can improve current clinical drug therapy, bring innovative products and rescue discarded antibiotics. Thus, antibiotic-loaded LBNs have potential to open a window of opportunities to continue saving millions of lives and prevent the devastating impact of bacterial infection.
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141
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Zank A, Schulte L, Brandon X, Carstensen L, Wescott A, Schwan WR. Mutations of the brpR and brpS genes affect biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. World J Clin Infect Dis 2022; 12:20-32. [DOI: 10.5495/wjcid.v12.i1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) kills tens of thousands of individuals each year and the formation of a biofilm contributes to lethality. Biofilm-associated infections are hard to treat once the biofilm has formed. A new stilbene drug, labeled SK-03-92, was shown to kill S. aureus and affected transcription of two genes tied to a putative two-component system (TCS) we have named brpR (biofilm regulating protein regulator) and brpS (biofilm regulating protein sensor).
AIM To determine if BrpR and BrpS regulate biofilm formation, brpR and brpS mutants were assessed using biofilm assays compared to wild-type S. aureus.
METHODS A combination of biofilm and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction assays were used. In addition, bioinformatic software tools were also utilized.
RESULTS Significantly more biofilm was created in the brpR and brpS mutants vs wild-type cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions showed the brpS mutant had differences in transcription of biofilm associated genes that were eight-fold higher for srtA, two-fold lower for lrgA, and 1.6-fold higher for cidA compared to wild-type. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that the S. aureus brpR/brpS TCS had homology to streptococcal late-stage competence proteins involved in cell-death, increased biofilm production, and the development of persister cells.
CONCLUSION Our study suggests that brpR/brpS is a TCS that may repress S. aureus biofilm production and be linked to late-stage competence in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Zank
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
| | - Lillian Schulte
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
| | - Xavier Brandon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
| | - Lauren Carstensen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
| | - Amy Wescott
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
| | - William R Schwan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
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142
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Antibiofilm impact of ziziphus spina christi on methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus warneri. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.5651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to study the antibacterial activity and Antibiotic effect of hot aqueous extract of leaves of Ziziphus spina Christy (Sidr),against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus wernari. four isolates were initially diagnosed as Staphylococci bacteria, then one isolation was chosen depending on its sensitivity and resistance to several different types of antibiotics. The VITEK-2 compact system (ID and AST) and PCR were used to confirm the type of staphylococcal isolates . The results showed that one isolate was due to Staphylococcus wernari. the ability of isolate to form biofilm was tested using the Microtiter plate method (96 wells). The results indicated that the extracted isolate was able to produce a biofilm. Where there was a clear effect of moxifloxacin and penicillin G with (MIC), (Sub-MIC) and (Sub-MIC) in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, A significant (P < 0.001).Synergistic effect between Penicillin G, Moxifloxacin with (MIC), (Sub-MIC) and (Sub-MIC) were tested with hot aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina christi (Sidr) leaves with 50 mg/mL. The results showed a high synergy between two types of antibiotics and plant extracts.
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143
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Manandhar S, Singh A, Varma A, Pandey S, Shrivastava N. High level of persister frequency in clinical staphylococcal isolates. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:109. [PMID: 35448965 PMCID: PMC10124895 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious human pathogen that causes often lethal systemic conditions that are mostly medical device associated biofilm infections. Similarly, coagulase negative staphylococci are emerging as leading pathogen for nosocomial infections owing to their ability to form biofilm on implanted medical equipment. Chronic in nature, these infections are difficult to treat. Such recalcitrance of these infections is caused mainly due to the presence of persister cells, which exhibit transient yet extreme tolerance to antibiotics. Despite tremendous clinical significance, there is lack of studies on persister cells formation among clinical bacterial isolates. Considering the importance of factors influencing persister formation, in this study, we evaluate the association of antibiotic tolerance with biofilm production, antibiotic stress, growth phase, specimen type, and dependency on staphylococcal species. Biofilm formation was detected among 375 clinical staphylococcal isolates by quantitative tissue culture plate method (TCP) and icaAD genes by genotypic method. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentration values were obtained by agar dilution method. Persister cells were measured in the susceptible staphylococcal isolates in the presence of clinically relevant antibiotics. RESULTS In the study, 161 (43%) S. aureus and 214 (57%) coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from different clinical samples. TCP method detected biofilm production in 84 (52.2%) S. aureus and 90 (42.1%) CNS isolates. The genotypic method detected icaAD genes in 86 (22.9%) isolates. Majority (> 90%) of both the biofilm producers and non-producers were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline but were resistant to penicillin. Interestingly, all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin irrespective of biofilm production. While high persister frequency was observed among all staphylococci isolates in the stationary growth phase, the persister frequency in exponential growth phase was statistically high among isolates possessing icaAD genes compared to icaAD negative isolates. CONCLUSION The research findings provide strong evidence that the clinical staphylococcal isolates exhibit extreme antibiotic tolerance suggesting their causal link with treatment failures. Understanding the factors influencing the formation and maintenance of persister cells are of utmost important aspect to design therapeutics and control recalcitrant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Manandhar
- Tri-Chandra Multiple College, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Anjana Singh
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, 201303, India
| | - Shanti Pandey
- The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS-39406, USA
| | - Neeraj Shrivastava
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, 201303, India
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144
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Yaacob SN, Wahab RA, Misson M, Sabullah MK, Huyop F, Zin NM. Lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins: new potential weapons in the fight against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:683-699. [PMID: 35414206 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative solutions are eminently needed to combat the escalating number of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria are promising candidates for next-generation antibiotics. Studies have found that these stable and nontoxic ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides exhibit significant potency against other bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. Here the authors review previous studies on bacteriocins that have been effectively employed to manage MRSA infections. The authors' review focuses on the beneficial traits of bacteriocins for further application as templates for the design of novel drugs. Treatments that combine bacteriocins with other antimicrobials to combat pervasive MRSA infections are also highlighted. In short, future studies should focus on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of bacteriocins-antimicrobials to understand their interactions, as this aspect would likely determine their efficacy in MRSA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syariffah Ns Yaacob
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira A Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mailin Misson
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Jalan Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd K Sabullah
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Jalan Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah M Zin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
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145
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Chiba A, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Kinjo Y, Mizunoe Y, Sugimoto S. Staphylococcus aureus utilizes environmental RNA as a building material in specific polysaccharide-dependent biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:17. [PMID: 35379830 PMCID: PMC8980062 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-bound microbial communities that are typically embedded in a matrix of self-produced extracellular polymeric substances and can cause chronic infections. Extracellular DNA is known to play a crucial role in biofilm development in diverse bacteria; however, the existence and function of RNA are poorly understood. Here, we show that RNA contributes to the structural integrity of biofilms formed by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. RNase A dispersed both fresh and mature biofilms, indicating the importance of RNA at various stages. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated that the primary source of RNA in the biofilm matrix was the Brain Heart Infusion medium (>99.32%). RNA purified from the medium promoted biofilm formation. Microscopic and molecular interaction analyses demonstrated that polysaccharides were critical for capturing and stabilizing external RNA in biofilms, which contributes to biofilm organization. These findings provide a basis for exploring the role of externally derived substances in bacterial biofilm organization.
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146
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Klagisa R, Racenis K, Broks R, Kise L, Kroiča J. Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Adult Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy for Recurrent Tonsillitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040427. [PMID: 35456100 PMCID: PMC9029959 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is often recovered from the pharynx. However, the role of this pathogen in the etiology of tonsillar inflammation is still unclear and complicated due to frequent carriage of S. aureus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and the clinical importance of S. aureus colonization and biofilm production ability in patients with recurrent tonsillitis (RT) using patient samples from tonsillar crypts during tonsillectomy, and from the throat, nasal cavity, and armpits after tonsillectomy. Materials and Methods: A case series study was carried out at a tertiary referral center among 16 patients diagnosed with RT who were undergoing tonsillectomy. Samples from tonsillar crypts were obtained during tonsillectomy, and samples from the throat, nasal cavity, and armpit were obtained a year after surgery. An evaluation of S. aureus incidence, biofilm formation, and antibacterial susceptibility was performed. Results: During tonsillectomy, 16 strains of S. aureus were isolated from 16 patients, while 15/16 S. aureus strains were biofilm producers. A year after tonsillectomy, 8 S. aureus strains were isolated from 6 out of 16 patients, while 6/8 S. aureus strains were biofilm producers. After tonsillectomy, 3 patients showed S. aureus in throat culture. Conclusions: In 10/16 cases S. aureus was the causative agent of RT, in 4/16 cases patients had a predisposition to colonization of S. aureus, and in 2/16 cases S. aureus was a part of the patients` oral microbiome. Tonsillectomy results in less frequent isolation of S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Klagisa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Daugavpils Regional Hospital, LV-5401 Daugavpils, Latvia
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-28471191
| | - Karlis Racenis
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.R.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Center of Nephrology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Renars Broks
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.R.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Ligija Kise
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Juta Kroiča
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.R.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
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147
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Darvishi S, Tavakoli S, Kharaziha M, Girault HH, Kaminski CF, Mela I. Advances in the Sensing and Treatment of Wound Biofilms. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202112218. [PMID: 38505642 PMCID: PMC10946914 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Wound biofilms represent a particularly challenging problem in modern medicine. They are increasingly antibiotic resistant and can prevent the healing of chronic wounds. However, current treatment and diagnostic options are hampered by the complexity of the biofilm environment. In this review, we present new chemical avenues in biofilm sensors and new materials to treat wound biofilms, offering promise for better detection, chemical specificity, and biocompatibility. We briefly discuss existing methods for biofilm detection and focus on novel, sensor-based approaches that show promise for early, accurate detection of biofilm formation on wound sites and that can be translated to point-of-care settings. We then discuss technologies inspired by new materials for efficient biofilm eradication. We focus on ultrasound-induced microbubbles and nanomaterials that can both penetrate the biofilm and simultaneously carry active antimicrobials and discuss the benefits of those approaches in comparison to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Darvishi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1951SionSwitzerland
| | - Shima Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry-Ångstrom LaboratoryUppsala UniversitySE75121UppsalaSweden
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials EngineeringIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan84156-83111Iran
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1951SionSwitzerland
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Ioanna Mela
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
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148
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Use of Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Antimicrobial Peptides for Bacterial Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063226. [PMID: 35328647 PMCID: PMC8953507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the challenges related to antimicrobial resistance, other strategies for controlling infections have been suggested, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antimicrobial peptides (AMP). This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain evidence on the antimicrobial effectiveness of aPDT associated with AMP and establish in vitro knowledge on this topic for further study designs. The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scielo, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Two independent and calibrated researchers (Kappa = 0.88) performed all the systematic steps according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The odds ratio (OR) was used as the effect measure. The Peto method was used to perform the meta-analysis due to the sparse data. Twenty studies were included in the present review. The result was significant (OR = 0.14/p = 0.0235/I-squared = 0%), showing better outcomes of aPDT associated with peptides than those of aPDT alone for controlling the microbial load. Only 20% of the studies included evaluated this approach in a biofilm culture. Combined treatment with aPDT and AMP highly increased the ability of microbial reduction of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, additional blind studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy on microbial biofilms.
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150
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Antibacterial Activity of Isobavachalcone (IBC) Is Associated with Membrane Disruption. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030269. [PMID: 35323743 PMCID: PMC8950343 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a natural prenylated chalcone with a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. In this work, we newly synthesized and investigated the antibacterial activity of IBC against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and mycobacterial species. IBC was active against Gram-positive bacteria, mainly against Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.56 and 3.12 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, IBC was not able to act against Gram-negative species (MIC > 400 µg/mL). IBC displayed activity against mycobacterial species (MIC = 64 µg/mL), including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium kansasii. IBC was able to inhibit more than 50% of MSSA and MRSA biofilm formation at 0.78 µg/mL. Its antibiofilm activity was similar to vancomycin, which was active at 0.74 µg/mL. In order to study the mechanism of the action by fluorescence microscopy, the propidium iodide (PI) and SYTO9 fluorophores indicated that IBC disrupted the membrane of Bacillus subtilis. Toxicity assays using human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) showed that IBC did not have the capacity to reduce the cell viability. These results suggested that IBC is a promising antibacterial agent with an elucidated mode of action and potential applications as an antibacterial drug and a medical device coating.
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