101
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Veličkov AI, Djordjević B, Lazarević M, Veličkov AV, Petrović V, Jović M, Denčić T, Radenković G. Distributions of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-α Positive Cells and Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Colon of Rats with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020308. [PMID: 36837509 PMCID: PMC9964132 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetic gastroenteropathy (DG) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus type 2. Interstitial cells are non-neural cells of mesenchymal origin inserted between nerve elements and smooth muscle cells, necessary for normal function and peristaltic contractions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There are at least two types of interstitial cells within the GI muscle layer-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and interstitial platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive cells (IPC). The mechanism of diabetic gastroenteropathy is unclear, and interstitial cells disorders caused by metabolic changes in diabetes mellitus (DM) could explain the symptoms of DG (slow intestinal transit, constipation, fecal incontinence). The aim of this study was to identify PDGFRα and c-kit immunoreactive cells in the colon of rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus type 2, as well as to determine their distribution in relation to smooth muscle cells and enteric nerve structures. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were used, and diabetes type 2 was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, immediately after intraperitoneal application of nicotinamide. The colon specimens were exposed to PDGFRα and anti-c-kit antibodies to investigate interstitial cells; enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells were immunohistochemically labeled with NF-M and desmin antibodies. Results: Significant loss of the intramuscular ICC, myenteric ICC, and loss of their connection in intramuscular linear arrays and around the ganglion of the myenteric plexus were observed with no changes in nerve fiber distribution in the colon of rats with diabetes mellitus type 2. IPC were rarely present within the colon muscle layer with densely distributed PDGFRα+ cells in the colon mucosa and submucosa of both experimental groups. In summary, a decrease in intramuscular ICC, discontinuities and breakdown of contacts between myenteric ICC without changes in IPC and nerve fibers distribution were observed in the colon of streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced diabetes type 2 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ivana Veličkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Branka Djordjević
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Lazarević
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Asen Veselin Veličkov
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Clinical Centre Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Petrović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Marko Jović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Tijana Denčić
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Centre Niš, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Goran Radenković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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102
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Wei Y, Xu Z, Hu M, Wu Z, Liu A, Czajkowsky DM, Guo Y, Shao Z. Time-resolved transcriptomics of mouse gastric pit cells during postnatal development reveals features distinct from whole stomach development. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:418-426. [PMID: 36285639 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Whole-organ transcriptomic analyses have emerged as a common method for characterizing developmental transitions in mammalian organs. However, it is unclear if all cell types in an organ follow the whole-organ defined developmental trajectory. Recently, a postnatal two-stage developmental process was described for the mouse stomach. Here, using laser capture microdissection to obtain in situ transcriptomic data, we show that mouse gastric pit cells exhibit four postnatal developmental stages. Interestingly, early stages are characterized by the up-regulation of genes associated with metabolism, a functionality not typically associated with pit cells. Hence, beyond revealing that not all constituent cells develop according to the whole-organ determined pathway, these results broaden our understanding of the pit cell phenotypic landscape during stomach development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zeqian Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zhongqin Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Axian Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Daniel M Czajkowsky
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zhifeng Shao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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103
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Tezenas-du-Montcel C, Tolle V. La régulation de la prise alimentaire au travers des actions antagonistes de la ghréline et du LEAP-2. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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104
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Chen X, Shen K, Deng Y, Mo J, Ni J, Hendi M, Chen S, Wang L, Si J. A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial of Weierkang Pills for the Treatment of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:165-171. [PMID: 35050943 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND GOALS There are currently no standard treatments for chronic atrophic gastritis and traditional Chinese medicine may be effective. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of Weierkang pills in treating chronic atrophic gastritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 108 patients in our study. They were randomly assigned to 2 groups. In group A, patients received Weierkang pills and patients in group B received folic acid combined with teprenone. Symptoms, endoscopic scores, and biopsy specimens were compared at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Meanwhile, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) in biopsy specimens were also compared. RESULTS Our study showed that the total effective rates of atrophy/intestinal metaplasia in group A reached the same level as group B (51.7% vs. 40.0%, P =0.419). Weierkang significantly improved the total effective rate of atrophy/intestinal metaplasia in gastric angle compared with group B (64.7% vs. 33.3%, P =0.024). Weierkang can significantly lower the total Kyoto risk score (2.6±1.1 vs. 3.3±1.0, P =0.002) and atrophy score (1.4±0.6 vs. 1.8±0.5, P =0.001) after treatment. In addition, Weierkang improves symptoms (1.3±1.3 vs. 2.3±1.8, P =0.003) and epigastric pain (0.2±0.4 vs. 0.5±0.6, P =0.041). The expression of TFF3 in gastric mucosa decreased significantly after treatment with Weierkang ( P =0.002). CONCLUSIONS Weierkang can improve the endoscopic appearance and pathologic changes of chronic atrophic gastritis patients. Symptoms also improved. TFF3 may be involved the pathophysiology mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Chen
- Departments of Gastroenterology.,Institute of Gastroenterology.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Departments of Gastroenterology.,Institute of Gastroenterology.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanyong Deng
- Departments of Gastroenterology.,Institute of Gastroenterology.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | | | - Maher Hendi
- General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Shujie Chen
- Departments of Gastroenterology.,Institute of Gastroenterology.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Departments of Gastroenterology.,Institute of Gastroenterology.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Departments of Gastroenterology.,Institute of Gastroenterology.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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105
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Amalia R, Panenggak NSR, Doohan D, Rezkitha YAA, Waskito LA, Syam AF, Lubis M, Yamaoka Y, Miftahussurur M. A comprehensive evaluation of an animal model for Helicobacter pylori-associated stomach cancer: Fact and controversy. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12943. [PMID: 36627714 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Even though Helicobacter pylori infection was the most causative factor of gastric cancer, numerous in vivo studies failed to induce gastric cancer using H. pylori infection only. The utilization of established animal studies in cancer research is crucial as they aim to investigate the coincidental association between suspected oncogenes and pathogenesis as well as generate models for the development and testing of potential treatments. The methods to establish gastric cancer using infected animal models remain limited, diverse in methods, and showed different results. This study investigates the differences in animal models, which highlight different pathological results in gaster by literature research. Electronic databases searched were performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane, without a period filter. A total of 135 articles were used in this study after a full-text assessment was conducted. The most frequent animal models used for gastric cancer were Mice, while Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice were the most susceptible model for gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. Additionally, transgenic mice showed that the susceptibility to gastric cancer progression was due to genetic and epigenetic factors. These studies showed that in Mongolian gerbil models, H. pylori could function as a single agent to trigger stomach cancer. However, most gastric cancer susceptibilities were not solely relying on H. pylori infection, and numerous factors are involved in cancer progression. Further study using Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice is crucial to conduct and establish the best models for gastric cancer associated H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Amalia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nur Syahadati Retno Panenggak
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dalla Doohan
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Langgeng Agung Waskito
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Masrul Lubis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, Houston, USA
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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106
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus: Infection, Genome, Transcripts and Its Role in Development of Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020444. [PMID: 36672392 PMCID: PMC9857234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The best characterized polyomavirus family member, i.e., simian virus 40 (SV40), can cause different tumors in hamsters and can transform murine and human cells in vitro. Hence, the SV40 contamination of millions of polio vaccine doses administered from 1955-1963 raised fears that this may cause increased tumor incidence in the vaccinated population. This is, however, not the case. Indeed, up to now, the only polyomavirus family member known to be the most important cause of a specific human tumor entity is Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). MCC is a highly deadly form of skin cancer for which the cellular origin is still uncertain, and which appears as two clinically very similar but molecularly highly different variants. While approximately 80% of cases are found to be associated with MCPyV the remaining MCCs carry a high mutational load. Here, we present an overview of the multitude of molecular functions described for the MCPyV encoded oncoproteins and non-coding RNAs, present the available MCC mouse models and discuss the increasing evidence that both, virus-negative and -positive MCC constitute epithelial tumors.
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107
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Perelló M, Dickson SL, Zigman JM, Leggio L. Toward a consensus nomenclature for ghrelin, its non-acylated form, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 and growth hormone secretagogue receptor. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13224. [PMID: 36580314 PMCID: PMC10078427 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The stomach-derived octanoylated peptide ghrelin was discovered in 1999 and recognized as an endogenous agonist of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Subsequently, ghrelin has been shown to play key roles in controlling not only growth hormone secretion, but also a variety of other physiological functions including, but not limited to, food intake, reward-related behaviors, glucose homeostasis and gastrointestinal tract motility. Importantly, a non-acylated form of ghrelin, desacyl-ghrelin, can also be detected in biological samples. Desacyl-ghrelin, however, does not bind to GHSR at physiological levels, and its physiological role has remained less well-characterized than that of ghrelin. Ghrelin and desacyl-ghrelin are currently referred to in the literature using many different terms, highlighting the need for a consistent nomenclature. The variability of terms used to designate ghrelin can lead not only to confusion, but also to miscommunication, especially for those who are less familiar with the ghrelin literature. Thus, we conducted a survey among experts who have contributed to the ghrelin literature aiming to identify whether a consensus may be reached. Based on the results of this consensus, we propose using the terms "ghrelin" and "desacyl-ghrelin" to refer to the hormone itself and its non-acylated form, respectively. Based on the results of this consensus, we further propose using the terms "GHSR" for the receptor, and "LEAP2" for liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2, a recently recognized endogenous GHSR antagonist/inverse agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Perelló
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC‐PBA)La PlataArgentina
| | - Suzanne L. Dickson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jeffrey M. Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
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108
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Matsuo J, Chuang LSH, Tong JJL, Douchi D, Ito Y. Identifying Adult Stomach Tissue Stem/Progenitor Cells Using the Iqgap3-2A-CreERT2 Mouse. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2691:3-17. [PMID: 37355533 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3331-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Identification of unique gene markers of normal and cancer stem cells is an effective strategy to study cells of origin and understand tumor behavior. Lineage tracing experiments using the Cre recombinase driven by a stem cell-specific promoter in the CreERT2 reporter mouse model enables identification of adult stem cells and delineation of stem cell activities in vivo. In our recent research on the mouse stomach, Iqgap3 was identified as a homeostatic stem cell marker located in the isthmus of the stomach epithelium. Lineage tracing with the Iqgap3-2A-CreERT2;Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mouse model demonstrated stem cell activity in Iqgap3-expressing cells. Using the Iqgap3-2A-CreERT2 mouse model to target oncogenic KrasG12D expression to Iqgap3-expressing cells, we observed the rapid development of precancerous metaplasia in the stomach and proposed that aberrant Iqgap3-expressing cells may be critical determinants of early carcinogenesis. In this chapter, we detail a lineage tracing protocol to assess stem cell activity in the murine stomach. We also describe the procedure of inducing KrasG12D expression in Iqgap3-expressing homeostatic stem cells to explore their role as cells of origin and to trace the early cellular changes that precede neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda Shyue Huey Chuang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Jie Lin Tong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daisuke Douchi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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109
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Jerlhag E. Animal studies reveal that the ghrelin pathway regulates alcohol-mediated responses. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1050973. [PMID: 36970276 PMCID: PMC10030715 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often described as repeated phases of binge drinking, compulsive alcohol-taking, craving for alcohol during withdrawal, and drinking with an aim to a reduce the negative consequences. Although multifaceted, alcohol-induced reward is one aspect influencing the former three of these. The neurobiological mechanisms regulating AUD processes are complex and one of these systems is the gut-brain peptide ghrelin. The vast physiological properties of ghrelin are mediated via growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR, ghrelin receptor). Ghrelin is well known for its ability to control feeding, hunger, and metabolism. Moreover, ghrelin signaling appears central for alcohol-mediated responses; findings reviewed herein. In male rodents GHSR antagonism reduces alcohol consumption, prevents relapse drinking, and attenuates the motivation to consume alcohol. On the other hand, ghrelin increases the consumption of alcohol. This ghrelin-alcohol interaction is also verified to some extent in humans with high alcohol consumption. In addition, either pharmacological or genetic suppression of GHSR decreases several alcohol-related effects (behavioral or neurochemical). Indeed, this suppression blocks the alcohol-induced hyperlocomotion and dopamine release in nucleus accumbens as well as ablates the alcohol reward in the conditioned place preference model. Although not fully elucidated, this interaction appears to involve areas central for reward, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and brain nodes targeted by VTA projections. As reviewed briefly, the ghrelin pathway does not only modulate alcohol-mediated effects, it regulates reward-related behaviors induced by addictive drugs. Although personality traits like impulsivity and risk-taking behaviors are common in patients with AUD, the role of the ghrelin pathway thereof is unknown and remains to be studied. In summary, the ghrelin pathway regulates addiction processes like AUD and therefore the possibility that GHSR antagonism reduces alcohol or drug-taking should be explored in randomized clinical trials.
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110
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Chan MKK, Chan ELY, Ji ZZ, Chan ASW, Li C, Leung KT, To KF, Tang PMK. Transforming growth factor-β signaling: from tumor microenvironment to anticancer therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:316-343. [PMID: 37205317 PMCID: PMC10185444 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is an important pathway for promoting the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. The roles of TGF-β signaling are heterogeneous and versatile in cancer development and progression, both anticancer and protumoral actions are reported. Interestingly, increasing evidence suggests that TGF-β enhances disease progression and drug resistance via immune-modulatory actions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors. A better understanding of its regulatory mechanisms in the TME at the molecular level can facilitate the development of precision medicine to block the protumoral actions of TGF-β in the TME. Here, the latest information about the regulatory mechanisms and translational research of TGF-β signaling in the TME for therapeutic development had been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Emily Lok-Yiu Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zoey Zeyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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111
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Zhou L, Zhang W, Xiang Y, Qian Z, Zhou J, Ni L, Feng Y, Gao B. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220533. [PMID: 36910471 PMCID: PMC9993329 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the first treatment choice. Angiogenesis inhibitors are effective for lung cancer treatment. This study explored whether chemotherapy combined with angiogenesis inhibitors could achieve better efficacy in NSCLC. The zebrafish A549 xenograft model was used to investigate the combined effect of apatinib and chemotherapeutic agents in NSCLC. Apatinib combined with pemetrexed demonstrated the highest antitumor effect compared with apatinib combined with gemcitabine or paclitaxel in vitro. In the zebrafish A549 xenograft model, apatinib and pemetrexed, alone or in combination, showed significant inhibition of tumor growth. Co-treatment with apatinib and pemetrexed demonstrated the best antitumor effects, suggesting that the combination of apatinib and pemetrexed might be a promising alternative therapy for patients with lung cancer. Apatinib combined with pemetrexed had enhanced antitumor effects compared with either one alone in the zebrafish model of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zijun Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Beili Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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112
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Wizenty J, Sigal M. Gastric Stem Cell Biology and Helicobacter pylori Infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:1-24. [PMID: 38231213 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa and persists lifelong. An interactive network between the bacteria and host cells shapes a unique microbial niche within gastric glands that alters epithelial behavior, leading to pathologies such as chronic gastritis and eventually gastric cancer. Gland colonization by the bacterium initiates aberrant trajectories by inducing long-term inflammatory and regenerative gland responses, which involve various specialized epithelial and stromal cells. Recent studies using cell lineage tracing, organoids and scRNA-seq techniques have significantly advanced our knowledge of the molecular "identity" of epithelial and stromal cell subtypes during normal homeostasis and upon infection, and revealed the principles that underly stem cell (niche) behavior under homeostatic conditions as well as upon H. pylori infection. The activation of long-lived stem cells deep in the gastric glands has emerged as a key prerequisite of H. pylori-associated gastric site-specific pathologies such as hyperplasia in the antrum, and atrophy or metaplasia in the corpus, that are considered premalignant lesions. In addition to altering the behaviour of bona fide stem cells, injury-driven de-differentiation and trans-differentation programs, such as "paligenosis", subsequently allow highly specialized secretory cells to re-acquire stem cell functions, driving gland regeneration. This plastic regenerative capacity of gastric glands is required to maintain homeostasis and repair mucosal injuries. However, these processes are co-opted in the context of stepwise malignant transformation in chronic H. pylori infection, causing the emergence, selection and expansion of cancer-promoting stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wizenty
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Department, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Poradowski D, Chrószcz A. Equine Stomach Development in the Foetal Period of Prenatal Life-An Immunohistochemical Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010161. [PMID: 36611768 PMCID: PMC9817933 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study consisted of the immunohistochemical analysis of fundic and pyloric mucosa in the equine stomach between the 4th and 11th month of gestation. The accessible material was classified into three age groups using the CRL method. The adult reference group was used to define potential differences between foetal and adult populations of gastric APUD cells. The samples were preserved, prepared, and stained according to the standard protocols. The immunohistochemical reaction was assessed using the semi-quantitative IRS method. The results were documented and statistically analysed. The most significant increase was seen in gastrin (G) cell activity. The activity of other endocrine cells (cholecystokinin (I) cells, somatostatin (D) cells, and somatotropin receptor (SR) cells) was less dynamic. This study proved that the development of APUD cells within the stomach mucosa undergoes quantitative and qualitative changes during stomach development. Our results correspond with the findings described in the accessible literature and prove a strong correlation between morphological changes in the stomach wall and the organ development, growth, and maturation.
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Long M, You C, Song Q, Hu LXJ, Guo Z, Yao Q, Hou W, Sun W, Liang B, Zhou XH, Liu Y, Hu T. Biomarker Alteration after Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy or Chemotherapy in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010074. [PMID: 36676023 PMCID: PMC9866043 DOI: 10.3390/life13010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, changes in biomarker expression after neoadjuvant therapy indicate the therapeutic response and are prognostic. However, there is limited information about the biomarker alteration caused by neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in ER-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. We recruited ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET), or sequential neoadjuvant endocrine-chemotherapy (NECT) at Peking University Cancer Hospital from 2015 to 2021. A total of 579 patients had paired immunohistochemistry information in both diagnostic biopsy samples and post-neoadjuvant therapy surgical samples. Through a paired comparison of the immunohistochemical information in pre-treatment and post-treatment samples, we found that progesterone receptor (PR) expression reductions were more frequent than ER expression reductions (70.8% vs. 35.2%) after neoadjuvant therapy. The percentage of patients who had a decreased Ki-67 index in the post-operative samples was similar in the three groups (79.8% vs. 79.7% vs. 78.4%). Moreover, PR losses caused by NET were related to low baseline PR expression (p = 0.001), while we did not find a significant association between PR losses and Ki-67 reductions (p = 0.428) or ER losses (p = 0.274). All three types of neoadjuvant therapies caused a reduction in ER, PR, and Ki-67 expression. In conclusion, we found that PR loss after NET was only significantly related to low baseline PR expression, and there is no significant difference in the extent of prognostic factor change including Ki-67 and ER between the PR loss and non-loss groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Long
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chong You
- Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data, Peking University, Chongqing 401121, China
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lina X. J. Hu
- Department of Pathology, Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK 99501, USA
| | - Zhaorong Guo
- Department of Breast Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Baosheng Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data, Peking University, Chongqing 401121, China
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiqiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Taobo Hu
- Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data, Peking University, Chongqing 401121, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.H.)
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Kharbanda KK, Farokhnia M, Deschaine SL, Bhargava R, Rodriguez-Flores M, Casey CA, Goldstone AP, Jerlhag E, Leggio L, Rasineni K. Role of the ghrelin system in alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease: A narrative review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2149-2159. [PMID: 36316764 PMCID: PMC9772086 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy alcohol consumption is a global health problem. Adverse individual, public health, and socioeconomic consequences are attributable to harmful alcohol use. Epidemiological studies have shown that alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are the top two pathologies among alcohol-related diseases. Consistent with the major role that the liver plays in alcohol metabolism, uncontrolled drinking may cause significant damage to the liver. This damage is initiated by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, which can further progress to advanced liver disease. The only effective therapeutic strategies currently available for ALD are alcohol abstinence or liver transplantation. Any molecule with dual-pronged effects at the central and peripheral organs controlling addictive behaviors and associated metabolic pathways are a potentially important therapeutic target for treating AUD and ALD. Ghrelin, a hormone primarily derived from the stomach, has such properties, and regulates both behavioral and metabolic functions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the peripheral and central functions of the ghrelin system and its role in AUD and ALD pathogenesis. We first discuss the correlation between blood ghrelin concentrations and alcohol use or abstinence. Next, we discuss the role of ghrelin in alcohol-seeking behaviors and finally its role in the development of fatty liver by metabolic regulations and organ crosstalk. We propose that a better understanding of the ghrelin system could open an innovative avenue for improved treatments for AUD and associated medical consequences, including ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara L. Deschaine
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raghav Bhargava
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marcela Rodriguez-Flores
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carol A. Casey
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anthony P. Goldstone
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Gao J, Zhao F, Yi S, Li S, Zhu A, Tang Y, Li A. Protective role of crocin against sepsis-induced injury in the liver, kidney and lungs via inhibition of p38 MAPK/NF-κB and Bax/Bcl-2 signalling pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:543-552. [PMID: 35225146 PMCID: PMC8890572 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2042328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crocin has been reported to have multiple bioactivities. However, the effect of crocin administration on caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of crocin on CLP-induced sepsis in mice and the underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five experimental groups (n = 10) of BALB/c mice were used: control, CLP (normal saline) and CLP + crocin (50, 100 and 250 mg/kg, 30 min prior to CLP). Mice were sacrificed 24 h after CLP. Liver, kidney and lung histopathology, indicator levels, apoptotic status, pro-inflammatory cytokines and relative protein levels were evaluated. RESULTS Compared to the CLP group, crocin treatment significantly increased the survival rate (70%, 80%, 90% vs. 30%). Crocin groups exhibited protection against liver, kidney and lung damage with mild-to-moderate morphological changes and lower indicator levels: liver (2.80 ± 0.45, 2.60 ± 0.55, 1.60 ± 0.55 vs. 5.60 ± 0.55), kidney (3.00 ± 0.71, 2.60 ± 0.55, 1.40 ± 0.55 vs. 6.20 ± 0.84) and lungs (8.00 ± 1.59, 6.80 ± 1.64, 2.80 ± 0.84 vs. 14.80 ± 1.79). The proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the crocin groups) were distinctly lower and the apoptotic index showed a significant decrease. Crocin administration significantly suppressed p38 MAPK phosphorylation and inhibited NF-κB/IκBα and Bcl-2/Bax activation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment with crocin confers protective effects against CLP-induced liver, kidney and lung injury, implying it to be a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shaona Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shuhang Li
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Aiqing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yingxiu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Aiqun Li
- Department of Emergency, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Potential association of eEF1A dimethylation at lysine 55 in the basal area of Helicobacter pylori-eradicated gastric mucosa with the risk of gastric cancer: a retrospective observational study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:490. [PMID: 36437464 PMCID: PMC9703661 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although eradication therapy for chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) reduces the risk of gastric cancer (GC), its effectiveness is not complete. Therefore, it is also critically important to identifying those patients who remain at high risk after H. pylori eradication therapy. Accumulation of protein methylation is strongly implicated in cancer, and recent study showed that dimethylation of eEF1A lysine 55 (eEF1AK55me2) promotes carcinogenesis in vivo. We aimed to investigate the relationship between eEF1A dimethylation and H. pylori status, efficacy of eradication therapy, and GC risk in H. pylori-eradicated mucosa, and to reveal the potential downstream molecules of eEF1A dimethylation. METHODS Records of 115 patients (11 H. pylori-negative, 29 H. pylori-positive, 75 post-eradication patients) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were retrospectively reviewed. The eEF1A dimethyl level was evaluated in each functional cell type of gastric mucosa by immunofluorescent staining. We also investigated the relationship between eEF1AK55me2 downregulation by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated deletion of Mettl13, which is known as a dimethyltransferase of eEF1AK55me2. RESULTS The level of eEF1A dimethylation significantly increased in the surface and basal areas of H. pylori-positive mucosa compared with the negative mucosa (surface, p = 0.0031; basal, p = 0.0036, respectively). The eEF1A dimethyl-levels in the surface area were significantly reduced by eradication therapy (p = 0.005), but those in the basal area were maintained even after eradication therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that high dimethylation of eEF1A in the basal area of the mucosa was the independent factor related to GC incidence (odds ratio = 3.6611, 95% confidence interval = 1.0350-12.949, p = 0.0441). We also showed the relationship between eEF1A dimethylation and expressions of reprogramming factors, Oct4 and Nanog, by immunohistochemistry and in vitro genome editing experiments. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that H. pylori infection induced eEF1A dimethylation in gastric mucosa. The accumulation of dimethyl-eEF1A in the basal area of the mucosa might contribute to GC risk via regulation of reprograming factors in H. pylori eradicated-gastric mucosa.
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Preclinical Models of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225646. [PMID: 36428741 PMCID: PMC9688518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NENs) are a complex and heterogeneous group of cancers that can arise from neuroendocrine tissues throughout the body and differentiate them from other tumors. Their low incidence and high diversity make many of them orphan conditions characterized by a low incidence and few dedicated clinical trials. Study of the molecular and genetic nature of these diseases is limited in comparison to more common cancers and more dependent on preclinical models, including both in vitro models (such as cell lines and 3D models) and in vivo models (such as patient derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs)). While preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the nature of these cancers in patients, they are useful tools in investigation of the basic biology and early-stage investigation for evaluation of treatments for these cancers. We review available preclinical models for each type of NEN and discuss their history as well as their current use and translation.
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Yazdanian M, Alam M, Abbasi K, Rahbar M, Farjood A, Tahmasebi E, Tebyaniyan H, Ranjbar R, Hesam Arefi A. Synthetic materials in craniofacial regenerative medicine: A comprehensive overview. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:987195. [PMID: 36440445 PMCID: PMC9681815 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.987195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art approach to regenerating different tissues and organs is tissue engineering which includes the three parts of stem cells (SCs), scaffolds, and growth factors. Cellular behaviors such as propagation, differentiation, and assembling the extracellular matrix (ECM) are influenced by the cell's microenvironment. Imitating the cell's natural environment, such as scaffolds, is vital to create appropriate tissue. Craniofacial tissue engineering refers to regenerating tissues found in the brain and the face parts such as bone, muscle, and artery. More biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds are more commensurate with tissue remodeling and more appropriate for cell culture, signaling, and adhesion. Synthetic materials play significant roles and have become more prevalent in medical applications. They have also been used in different forms for producing a microenvironment as ECM for cells. Synthetic scaffolds may be comprised of polymers, bioceramics, or hybrids of natural/synthetic materials. Synthetic scaffolds have produced ECM-like materials that can properly mimic and regulate the tissue microenvironment's physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties, manage adherence of biomolecules and adjust the material's degradability. The present review article is focused on synthetic materials used in craniofacial tissue engineering in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahbar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amin Farjood
- Orthodontic Department, Dental School, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Hesam Arefi
- Dental Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Equine Stomach Development in the Foetal Period of Prenatal Life—A Histological and Histometric Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213047. [PMID: 36359171 PMCID: PMC9656738 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prenatal development of equine stomach has been rarely elaborated. The majority of accessible literature focused on the embryonal period (ca. to the 45–50th day of gestation). The histological study of the stomach wall, including the metric measurements and the gastric gland development, filled the lack of detailed information about the processes taking place in more advanced periods of pregnancy (the foetal period). The achieved results showed that the growth rate of subsequent layers of the stomach wall provided differences comparing with the isometric growth rate of whole foetus length (CRL). The blind ventricular sac, the plicated edge margin, and the pyloric part growth rates were lower than CRL increase. The body of stomach showed a higher growth rate than the whole foetus length. The non-glandular and glandular part of gastric mucosa was distinguishable from the beginning of foetal period. The gastric glands developed the most rapidly in the body of stomach, especially in the late pregnancy. The parietal cells were visible in the gastric glands in the middle of foetal period and the chief cells could be identified in the late pregnancy. The dynamic processes occurring in the prenatal life did not finish in the moment of birth, but postnatally. Abstract Histological and morphometrical analysis of the stomach wall was performed during the foetal period divided into three age groups (4th–11th month of gestation). The material was taken from non-glandular (the blind ventricular sac) and glandular parts (the plicated edge margin/cardiac part, the body of stomach and the pyloric part) of the stomach. It was preserved and prepared according to the standard protocol. The histological slides were stained (H-E, Masson-Goldner and PAS). The analyses were performed using the light microscope. All measurements were statistically elaborated. The crown-rump length growth rate was estimated as isometric. The blind ventricular sac growth rate was lower than CRL (negative allometric) and the partition of stomach mucosa into non-glandular and glandular part occurred in the 1st age group. The plicated edge margin/cardiac part and the pyloric part shoved similar tendencies. Only the body of stomach demonstrated a higher growth rate than CRL (positive allometric), which can be explained due to the strongest development of fundic glands. Moreover, comparing the adult reference group to the three parts of the foetal period, all metric values were lower than those achieved prenatally. The blind ventricular sac was covered with the multiple plane epithelium. The glandular parts of stomach that formed the superficial concave areas were covered with the simple columnar epithelium in the 1st age group, which developed to the cardiac, fundic, and pyloric glands in the 2rd and 3rd age groups. The propria mucosae was built with the mesenchyme, which differentiated later to the loose connective tissue. The muscular layer of mucosa was not clearly distinguishable in the 1st age group. The muscular layer of the stomach wall was formed with myoblasts in the 1st age group and later in the 2nd and the 3rd age groups built with fusiform myocytes divided into internal and external layers. The non-differentiated cells of glandular epithelium transformed into the parietal and chief cells. The first were visible in the gastric glands of the 2nd age group. Both of them were present in the 3rd age group gastric mucosa. The PAS staining proved a moderate PAS-positive reaction in the 2rd age group, while it was estimated as intense Pas-positive in the gastric glands in the 3rd age group and was comparable to postnatal observation (the adult reference group).
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Bettag J, Po L, Cunningham C, Tallam R, Kurashima K, Nagarapu A, Hutchinson C, Morfin S, Nazzal M, Lin CJ, Mathur A, Aurora R, Jain AK. Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Mitigating Complications in Short Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:4660. [PMID: 36364922 PMCID: PMC9658734 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a particularly serious condition in which the small intestine does not absorb sufficient nutrients for biological needs, resulting in severe illness and potentially death if not treated. Given the important role of the gut in many signaling cascades throughout the body, SBS results in disruption of many pathways and imbalances in various hormones. Due to the inability to meet sufficient nutritional needs, an intravenous form of nutrition, total parental nutrition (TPN), is administered. However, TPN presents difficulties such as severe liver injury and altered signaling secondary to the continued lack of luminal contents. This manuscript aims to summarize relevant studies into the systemic effects of TPN on systems such as the gut-brain, gut-lung, and gut-liver axis, as well as present novel therapeutics currently under use or investigation as mitigation strategies for TPN induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Bettag
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Loren Po
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Cassius Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Rahul Tallam
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Kento Kurashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Aakash Nagarapu
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Chelsea Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Sylvia Morfin
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Mustafa Nazzal
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Chien-Jung Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Amit Mathur
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Rajeev Aurora
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Ajay K. Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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Gao Y, Dong J, Qi S, Zhou X, Wu X, Wang W, Wen L, Fu W, Tang F. Establishment and characterization of adult human gastric epithelial progenitor‐like cell lines. Cell Prolif 2022:e13355. [DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Beijing China
| | - Ji Dong
- Guangzhou Laboratory Guangzhou China
| | - Shuyue Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Beijing China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Baoding Hebei China
| | - Wendong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
| | - Lu Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Beijing China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Beijing China
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Poradowski D, Chrószcz A. Equine Stomach Development in the Fetal Period: An Anatomical, Topographical, and Morphometric Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2966. [PMID: 36359095 PMCID: PMC9658733 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of equine stomach prenatal development are very rare, and descriptions usually focus on the processes taking place in the embryonic period. Only general information about gastric organogenesis in the fetal period is available in embryology textbooks on domestic mammals. The material for our study included twenty half-breed horse fetuses divided into three age groups on the basis of known fetal age (verified using the CRL method). Our study consists of the topographical, morphological, and morphometrical description of stomach development between the 4th and 11th months of gestation. Even though the skeletotopy, syntopy, and holotopy of the stomach in the fetal period seems to be relatively unchanged, the organ shape and the proportions between its anatomical parts differed in fetuses from the three age groups. The achieved results were statistically elaborated to estimate the dynamics of the stomach shape. This can be described as changing from medium-wide to wide and from slightly bent to sharply bent. A nonlinear correlation of all metric values with CRL in all age groups was observed. A positive allometric growth rate of different intensity was seen in all metric parameters. All the values increased as the fetal period progressed. Only the parietal surface growth rate gradually changed from strongly positive allometric in the first age group to strongly negative allometric in the third age group. A difference between the non-glandular and glandular mucosa of the stomach was visible in the first group. Development of a well-distinguishable plicated edge margin began in the second age group together with gastric pits and gastric areas. The third age group showed a well-developed gastric groove and angular incisura.
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Takabayashi H, Ji T, Peng L, Li X, Shinohara M, Mao M, Eaton KA, Shah YM, Todisco A. Regulation of Parietal Cell Homeostasis by Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 2:221-231. [PMID: 39132621 PMCID: PMC11307507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Loss of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the stomach, achieved by transgenic expression of the BMP inhibitor noggin (H + /K + -Nog mice), causes parietal cell (PC) loss, spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia, a marker of preneoplasia, and activation of cell proliferation. We examined if specific inhibition of BMP signaling in PCs leads to aberrations in epithelial homeostasis. Methods Mice with floxed alleles of BMP receptor 1a (Bmpr1a flox/flox mice) were crossed to H + /K + -Cre mice to generate H + /K + -Cre;Bmpr1a flox/flox mice. Morphology of the mucosa was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Distribution of H+/K+-ATPase-, IF-, and Ki-67-positive cells was analyzed by immunostaining. Expression of pit and neck cell mucins was determined by staining with the lectins Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin 1 and Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin II, respectively. Isolation of PCs from control and Nog-expressing mice was achieved by crossing H + /K + -Nog mice to Rosa26-tdTomato (Tom) mice to generate H + /K + -Nog;Rosa26-tdTom mice. H + /K + -Cre mice were then crossed to H + /K + -Nog;Rosa26-tdTom mice to generate H + /K + -Cre;H + /K + -Nog;Rosa26-tdTom mice. Tom-labeled PCs were purified by flow cytometry. Changes in PC transcripts were measured by RNA-Seq. Results Six-month-old H + /K + -Cre;Bmpr1a flox/flox mice exhibited increased epithelial cell proliferation, presence of transitional cells showing colocalization of IF with both Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin II-binding mucins and the H+/K+-ATPase, and expansion of Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin 1-positive cells. PC transcripts from Nog-expressing mice demonstrated induction of markers of Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia. Conclusion PC-specific loss of BMP signaling alters the homeostasis of the gastric epithelium leading to the development of metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Takabayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tuo Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Masahiko Shinohara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kathryn A. Eaton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrea Todisco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Helicobacter pylori shows tropism to gastric differentiated pit cells dependent on urea chemotaxis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5878. [PMID: 36198679 PMCID: PMC9535007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastric epithelium forms highly organized gland structures with different subtypes of cells. The carcinogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori can attach to gastric cells and subsequently translocate its virulence factor CagA, but the possible host cell tropism of H. pylori is currently unknown. Here, we report that H. pylori preferentially attaches to differentiated cells in the pit region of gastric units. Single-cell RNA-seq shows that organoid-derived monolayers recapitulate the pit region, while organoids capture the gland region of the gastric units. Using these models, we show that H. pylori preferentially attaches to highly differentiated pit cells, marked by high levels of GKN1, GKN2 and PSCA. Directed differentiation of host cells enable enrichment of the target cell population and confirm H. pylori preferential attachment and CagA translocation into these cells. Attachment is independent of MUC5AC or PSCA expression, and instead relies on bacterial TlpB-dependent chemotaxis towards host cell-released urea, which scales with host cell size. The carcinogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori infects gastric cells. Here, the authors show that H. pylori preferentially infects differentiated cells in the pit region of gastric units, and this relies on bacterial chemotaxis towards host cell-released urea, which scales with host cell size.
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Koning E, Vorstman J, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. Characterizing eating behavioral phenotypes in mood disorders: a narrative review. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2885-2898. [PMID: 36004528 PMCID: PMC9693712 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including depressive and bipolar disorders, represent a multidimensional and prevalent group of psychiatric illnesses characterized by disturbances in emotion, cognition and metabolism. Maladaptive eating behaviors in mood disorders are diverse and warrant characterization in order to increase the precision of diagnostic criteria, identify subtypes and improve treatment strategies. The current narrative review synthesizes evidence for Eating Behavioral Phenotypes (EBP) in mood disorders as well as advancements in pathophysiological conceptual frameworks relevant to each phenotype. Phenotypes include maladaptive eating behaviors related to appetite, emotion, reward, impulsivity, diet style and circadian rhythm disruption. Potential treatment strategies for each phenotype are also discussed, including psychotherapeutic, pharmacological and nutritional interventions. Maladaptive eating behaviors related to mood disorders are relevant from both clinical and research perspectives, yet have been somewhat overlooked thus far. A better understanding of this aspect of mood disorders holds promise to improve clinical care in this patient group and contribute to the subtyping of these currently subjectively diagnosed and treated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koning
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Ayad OG, Mourad AHI, Greish YE, Karam SM, Alnaqbi AH. Injection‐Molded Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Material with Improved Moldability for Artificial Joint Implants Design. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2022; 24. [DOI: 10.1002/adem.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Fabrication of pure ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)‐based artificial joint implants is a bottleneck problem as it is only limited to quasistatic approaches that have low efficiency due to the high density of fusion defects. The main objective of this work is to improve the moldability of UHMWPE using the injection molding technique while maintaining its superior mechanical integrity. Groups of UHMWPE samples are injected at barrel melting temperatures of 300, 320, 340, and 360 °C, at various injecting pressures. The high‐temperature melting (HTM) allows the fabrication of robust UHMWPE samples using injection molding with an improved yield stress of 29.63 ± 3.19, compared to 23.0 ± 0.6 and 17.8 ± 0.75 achieved by HTM compression molding and conventional compression molding, respectively. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results suggest an almost complete elimination of all fusion defects, and that is supported by the outstanding tensile strain at breaks reaching up to approximately 1300%. The thermochemical properties of the injection‐molded UHMWPE samples are tested as well to investigate the impact of HTM on their characteristics. Moreover, the materials’ biocompatibility and wear are assessed. This study sets up a new approach to fabricate high‐performance injection‐molded UHMWPE joint implants by HTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar G. Ayad
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department College of Engineering UAE University P. O. Box 15551 Al Ain UAE
| | - Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department College of Engineering UAE University P. O. Box 15551 Al Ain UAE
- National Water and Energy Center UAE University P. O. Box 15551 Al Ain UAE
- On leave from Mechanical Design Department Faculty of Engineering Helwan University P. O. Box 11795 Cairo Egypt
| | - Yaser E. Greish
- Chemistry Department College of Science UAE University P. O. Box 15551 Al Ain UAE
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Anatomy Department College of Health and Medical Sciences UAE University P. O. Box 17666 Al Ain UAE
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Miller KJW, Cheng LK, Angeli-Gordon TR, Avci R, Paskaranandavadivel N. The bioelectrical conduction system around the ileocecal junction defined through in vivo high-resolution mapping in rabbits. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G318-G330. [PMID: 35916409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00329.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated contractions across the small and large intestines via the ileocecal junction (ICJ) are critical to healthy gastrointestinal function and are in part governed by myoelectrical activity. In this study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the bioelectrical conduction across the ICJ and its adjacent regions were quantified in anesthetized rabbits. High-resolution mapping was applied from the terminal ileum (TI) to the sacculus rotundus (SR), across the ICJ and into the beginning of the large intestine at the cecum ampulla coli (AC). Orally propagating slow wave patterns in the SR did not entrain the TI. However, aborally propagating patterns from the TI were able to entrain the SR. Bioelectrical activity was recorded within the ICJ and AC, revealing complex interactions of slow waves, spike bursts, and bioelectrical quiescence. This suggests the involvement of myogenic coordination when regulating motility between the small and large intestines. Mean slow wave frequency between regions did not vary significantly (13.74-17.16 cycles/min). Slow waves in the SR propagated with significantly faster speeds (18.51 ± 1.57 mm/s) compared with the TI (14.05 ± 2.53 mm/s, P = 0.0113) and AC (9.56 ± 1.56 mm/s, P = 0.0001). Significantly higher amplitudes were observed in both the TI (0.28 ± 0.13 mV, P = 0.0167) and SR (0.24 ± 0.08 mV, P = 0.0159) within the small intestine compared with the large intestine AC (0.03 ± 0.01 mV). We hypothesize that orally propagating slow waves facilitate a motor-brake pattern in the SR to limit outflow into the ICJ, similar to those previously observed in other gastrointestinal regions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Competing slow wave pacemakers were observed in the terminal ileum and sacculus rotundus. Prevalent oral propagation in the sacculus rotundus toward the terminal ileum potentially acts as a brake mechanism limiting outflow. Slow waves and periods of quiescence at the ileocecal junction suggest that activation may depend on the coregulatory flow and distention pathways. Slow waves and spike bursts in the cecum impart a role in the coordination of motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara J W Miller
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leo K Cheng
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Timothy R Angeli-Gordon
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Recep Avci
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Shaaban S, Hamad GM, Genena S, Meheissen MA, Moussa S. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Lactobacilli probiotics supernatants against Enterococcus faecalis (in-vitro study). BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:407. [PMID: 36117178 PMCID: PMC9484162 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increasing demand to find a potent antibacterial agent against endodontic pathogens with the least toxic effect. The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacilli probiotics on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in comparison to calcium hydroxide paste. Methods The study involved two stages; (stage one): determination of the antibacterial properties of three strains of Lactobacilli probiotics supernatants (PS); Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a cocktail mix of the three supernatants against E. faecalis using agar well diffusion method in both solution and gel phase. The formed zones of inhibition (ZOI) were measured in millimeters (mm) and compared to each other. PS solution and gel of the largest ZOI were further compared with calcium hydroxide paste (35% Ultra Cal XS Ca(OH)2) This was followed by (stage two): assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the PS that showed the largest ZOI against E. faecalis by agar well diffusion assay for both PS solution and gel. Results All supernatants showed growth inhibition against E. faecalis, and the cocktail mix showed the largest ZOI. However, no significant difference was found between the supernatants in both the solution and gel phases (p > 0.05). Ca(OH)2 showed a significantly lower effect than both the cocktail mix solution and gel (p < 0.05). The MIC of the cocktail mix solution and gel against E. faecalis was 50 mg/ml. (p > 0.05). Conclusion PS has an antibacterial effect on E. faecalis and was more effective than Ca(OH)2.Lactobacilli probiotics could be a promising antibacterial agent used as an irrigant or an intracanal medication.
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Rao X, Zhang C, Luo H, Zhang J, Zhuang Z, Liang Z, Wu X. Targeting Gastric Cancer Stem Cells to Enhance Treatment Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182828. [PMID: 36139403 PMCID: PMC9496718 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) was the fourth deadliest cancer in the world in 2020, and about 770,000 people died from GC that year. The death of patients with GC is mainly caused by the metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance of GC cells. The cancer stem cell theory defines cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a key factor in the metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance of cancer. It considers targeting gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) to be an effective method for the treatment of GC. For GCSCs, genes or noncoding RNAs are important regulatory factors. Many experimental studies have found that some drugs can target the stemness of gastric cancer by regulating these genes or noncoding RNAs, which may bring new directions for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer. Therefore, this review mainly discusses related genes or noncoding RNAs in GCSCs and drugs that target its stemness, thereby providing some information for the treatment of GC.
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Xiao X, Wang Y, Chen J, Qin P, Chen P, Zhou D, Pan Y. Self-targeting platinum(IV) amphiphilic prodrug nano-assembly as radiosensitizer for synergistic and safe chemoradiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121793. [PMID: 36126545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy is a widely used treatment for patients with malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains challenging to realize safe and synergistic chemotherapy and radiation sensitization. Herein, we design a self-targeting nano-assembly (STNA) based on platinum(IV)-lactose amphiphilic prodrug for synergistic and safe chemoradiotherapy of HCC. The Pt STNA would improve the tumor accumulation due to the targeting ability of lactose to HCC cells. After receptor-mediated endocytosis, Pt STNA would release cisplatin(II) in cancer cells to form DNA-binding, thus inducing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the DNA-binding also causes cell cycle arrest in the radiation-sensitive G2/M phase by the up-regulation of phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1 (p-Chk1) expression. Furthermore, under X-ray irradiation, Pt STNA as radiosensitizer possesses a strong X-ray attenuation ability to deposit more energy, thus elevating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to amplify the cell-killing effect of radiotherapy in the G2/M phase with increased DNA damage. As a result, Pt STNA exhibits significant synergistic therapeutic effects in chemoradiotherapy with no adverse effects in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we present a novel self-targeting nano-assembly strategy based on widely used Pt drugs for synergistic chemotherapy and radiation sensitization of HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, PR China
| | - Jieyao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Peng Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Peiyao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Dongfang Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, PR China.
| | - Yue Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China.
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Wang P, Xu T, Yan Z, Zheng X, Zhu F. Jian-Pi-Yi-Qi-Fang ameliorates chronic atrophic gastritis in rats through promoting the proliferation and differentiation of gastric stem cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:932. [PMID: 36172111 PMCID: PMC9511200 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Jian-Pi-Yi-Qi-Fang (JPYQF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal formula for treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in the clinic; however, its related mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms of JPYQF in treating CAG by examining proteins and genes related to the proliferation and differentiation of gastric stem cells and Wnt signaling. Methods A CAG model was established in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats which were induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and ranitidine. We randomly divided 25 CAG rats into 5 groups: the model group, positive drug group, low-dose group of JPYQF (JPYQF-L), middle-dose group of JPYQF (JPYQF-M), and high-dose group of JPYQF (JPYQF-H), with 5 rats of the same age classified into the control group. The body weight of rats was measured and their gastric morphology was visually assessed. Furthermore, pathological analysis of rat gastric tissue was performed. The expression levels of proteins and genes associated with the proliferation and differentiation of gastric stem cells and Wnt signaling were measured via immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Compared with the model group, treatment with JPYQF increased the body weight of the rats, and relieved the gastric atrophy and inflammation. Compared with the control group, the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of gastric stem cell proliferation and differentiation markers Lgr5, Sox2, Ki67, PCNA, Muc5AC, and Wnt signaling initiator Wnt3A and enhancer R-spondin-1 (Rspo1) were decreased in the model group. Treatment with JPYQF increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of these markers. Conclusions The Wnt signaling of CAG rats may be in a low activation state, which inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of gastric stem cells, so that gland cells cannot be replenished in time to repair the damaged gastric mucosa. The TCM formula JPYQF could enhance Wnt signaling to promote the restricted proliferation and normal differentiation of gastric stem cells, thereby improving gastric mucosal atrophy in CAG rats, which provides a novel and robust theoretical basis for CAG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanpeng Yan
- Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangshi Zhu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Clinical Research Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Coverlizza S, Masu L, Manini C. Multiple Adenocarcinomas of the Small Bowel in a Patient with Brunner’s Glands Agenesia: A Previously Unreported Association. Clin Pract 2022; 12:672-676. [PMID: 36136863 PMCID: PMC9498684 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12050069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel is rather uncommon and several etio-pathogenic factors have been proposed. We report a case of multiple synchronous adenocarcinomas arising in the non-ampullary duodenum and first tract of the jejunum in a background of Brunner’s glands agenesia, chronic duodenitis, and extensive dysplasia in a 64 year-old woman. To the best of our knowledge such association has not been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Coverlizza
- Department of Pathology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Lavinia Masu
- Department of Pathology, S. Andrea Hospital, ASLVC, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Claudia Manini
- Department of Pathology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ouyang H, Zhu H, Li J, Chen L, Zhang R, Fu Q, Li X, Cao C. Fumonisin B 1 promotes germ cells apoptosis associated with oxidative stress-related Nrf2 signaling in mice testes. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110009. [PMID: 35697133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisins (FBs) are widespread Fusarium toxins commonly found in corn. This study aimed to establish the mechanism of oxidative stress via the Nrf2 signaling pathway associated with FB1-induced toxicity in mice testis. Male mice were fed with 5 mg/kg FB1 diet for 21 or 42 days, the expression of inflammatory related genes, apoptosis related genes and Nrf2 pathway genes were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical. Furthermore, Sertoli cell was treatment with FB1. Cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay, ROS level and apoptosis related genes were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that FB1 had toxic effects on testis, which could increase the ROS level of Sertoli cells, affect the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway related factors, destroy the oxidative balance of testis, lead to the occurrence of inflammation and the initiation of apoptosis, and finally destroy the testicular tissue structure and affect the formation of sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ouyang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Huquan Zhu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Ruofan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changyu Cao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China.
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135
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Abdu S, Juaid N, Amin A, Moulay M, Miled N. Therapeutic Effects of Crocin Alone or in Combination with Sorafenib against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: In Vivo & In Vitro Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091645. [PMID: 36139719 PMCID: PMC9495549 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the phytochemical crocin alone or in combination with sorafenib both in rats chemically induced with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Male rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely, control group, HCC induced group, and groups treated with sorafenib, crocin or both crocin and sorafenib. HCC was induced in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), then 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). The HCC-induced rats showed a significant decrease in body weight compared to animals treated with either or both examined drugs. Serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP); interleukin-6 (IL-6); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and oxidative stress markers were significantly increased in the HCC group and were restored upon treatment with either or both of therapeutic molecules. Morphologically, the HCC-induced rats manifested most histopathological features of liver cancer. Treatment with either or both of crocin and sorafenib successfully restored normal liver architecture. The expression of key genes involved in carcinogenesis (TNFα, p53, VEGF and NF-κB) was highly augmented upon HCC induction and was attenuated post-treatment with either or both examined drugs. Treatment with both crocin and sorafenib improved the histopathological and inflammation parameters as compared to single treatments. The in vivo anti-cancer effects of crocin and/or sorafenib were supported by their respective cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. Crocin and sorafenib displayed an anti-tumor synergetic effect on HepG2 cells. The present findings demonstrated that a treatment regimen with crocin and sorafenib reduced liver toxicity, impeded HCC development, and improved the liver functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Abdu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Juaid
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (N.M.)
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mohamed Moulay
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Miled
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
- Functional Genomics and Plant Physiology Research Unit, Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sfax, University of Sfax, BP261 Road Soukra Km4, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (N.M.)
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136
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Abe Y, Hatta W, Asonuma S, Koike T, Abe H, Ogata Y, Saito M, Jin X, Kanno T, Uno K, Asano N, Imatani A, Fujishima F, Sasano H, Masamune A. Parietal Cell Dysfunction: A Rare Cause of Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasm with Achlorhydria and Extreme Hypergastrinemia. Intern Med 2022; 61:2441-2448. [PMID: 35110476 PMCID: PMC9449610 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8253-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 69-year-old woman with multiple neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) was referred to our hospital. Although she had extreme hypergastrinemia (11,675 pg/mL), no findings that indicated types I to III gastric NENs were found. Although gastric corpus atrophy was suspected on conventional white-light imaging, findings on magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging indicated no severe atrophy. A biopsy from the background fundic gland mucosa revealed no atrophic changes, parietal cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and negative findings for H+K+-ATPase. Thus, this case was diagnosed as multiple NENs with parietal cell dysfunction. Neither progression nor metastasis has been confirmed during two-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sho Asonuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroko Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yohei Ogata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Xiaoyi Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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137
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Vins N, Sugathan S, Al Menhali A, Karam SM. Overgrowth of Squamocolumnar Junction and Dysregulation of Stem Cell Lineages in the Stomach of Vitamin A-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163334. [PMID: 36014840 PMCID: PMC9412427 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional epithelia are common sites for pathological transformations. In mice, the stratified epithelium of the forestomach joins the simple glandular epithelium of the cardia at the limiting ridge. We previously demonstrated the expression of vitamin A receptors in the gastric stem/progenitor cells and their progeny and found that excess retinoic acid enhances cellular dynamics of gastric epithelium. This study examines how deficiency of vitamin A would alter gastric epithelial stem cell lineages. Three-week-old mice of both genders were weaned and fed with a vitamin A deficient (VAD) diet for 4 or 8 months. Sex- and weight-matched littermate mice received a standard (control) diet. To label S-phase cells, all mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine before being euthanized. Stomach tissues were processed for microscopic examination and protein analysis to investigate stem cell lineages using different stains, lectins, or antibodies. The Student’s t-test was used to compare quantified data showing differences between control and VAD groups. Eight-month-vitamin-A deficiency caused enlarged forestomach and overgrowth of the squamocolumnar junction with metaplastic and dysplastic cardiac glands, formation of intramucosal cysts, loss of surface mucosal integrity, increased amount of luminal surface mucus, and upregulation of trefoil factor 1 and H+,K+-ATPase. These changes were associated with decreased cell proliferation and upregulation of p63. In conclusion, vitamin A is necessary for maintaining gastric epithelial integrity and its deficiency predisposes the mouse stomach to precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Vins
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Subi Sugathan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-3-713-7493
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138
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Liu Y, Cai C, Qin X. Regulation of gut microbiota of Astragali Radix in treating for chronic atrophic gastritis rats based on metabolomics coupled with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110063. [PMID: 35872051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (HQ), a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used to treat chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). However, its mechanism in treating CAG is still not clear. Accumulating evidence highlights the link between gut microbiota and CAG. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota might be involved in the effect of HQ. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) based metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques of the cecal contents were applied to study its mechanisms. As a result, nine metabolites and fifteen gut microbiotas changed significantly in cecal contents samples between control group and model group. Among them, two metabolites (7-keto-3A ·12-α-hydroxyalkanoic acid and deoxycholic acid) and two gut microbiota genera (Acetobacter and Escherichia), had the most obvious callback effect after the administration of HQ. Sixty-seven correlated pairs exhibited the significant link between the involved metabolites and gut microbiotas through the correlation analysis, where two strong correlation pairs: Tetrahydrohydroxone ∼ Bacteroides (r = 0.895) and Deoxycholic acid ∼ Acetobacter (r = -0.843) were regulated by HQ. The results showed that HQ had the potential protection from metabolic perturbation involved into gut microbiotas induced by CAG. Two gut microbiotas, Acetobacter and Escherichia, and two metabolites, 7-keto-3A ·12-α-hydroxyalkanoic acid and deoxycholic acid were the potential targets of HQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Congcong Cai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
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139
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Lacroix G, Gouyer V, Rocher M, Gottrand F, Desseyn JL. A porous cervical mucus plug leads to preterm birth induced by experimental vaginal infection in mice. iScience 2022; 25:104526. [PMID: 35754724 PMCID: PMC9218384 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During gestation, the cervical mucus plug (CMP) acts to seal the cervical canal. Pilot studies in humans have suggested that a porous CMP may increase the risk of uterine infection and preterm birth. We examined the gel-forming content of the mouse vagina and the CMP. We experimentally infected pregnant mice by intravaginal administration of pathogens related to preterm birth in humans. We found that the epithelium in both the vagina and cervical canal of pregnant mice produced the two gel-forming mucins Muc5b and Muc5ac. The CMP was porous in Muc5b-deficient mice for which intravaginal administration of Escherichia coli O 55 led to the activation of an inflammatory response in the uterus and 100% preterm births. The pathogen was found in the mucus plug and uterus. This study shows that Muc5b is essential for the in vivo barrier function and the prevention of uterine infections during gestation. Muc5b and Muc5ac are the main gel-forming mucins of the mouse vagina and cervical canal During pregnancy, a cervical mucus plug (CMP) is formed and seals the cervical canal Muc5b-deficient CMP is highly porous Inflammation following vaginal infection causes preterm birth in Muc5b-deficient mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lacroix
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - Infinite, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - Infinite, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Mylène Rocher
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - Infinite, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - Infinite, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - Infinite, 59000 Lille, France
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140
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Chang CC, Jan HM, Tseng CJ, Mondal S, Abera AB, Hsieh MY, Yang TC, Muthusamy S, Huang SC, Lin CH, Tony Mong KK. Metabolic Isolation, Stereochemical Determination, and Total Synthesis of Predominant Native Cholesteryl Phosphatidyl-α-glucoside from Carcinogenic Helicobacter pylori. Org Lett 2022; 24:5045-5050. [PMID: 35816729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the isolation and stereochemical determination of the predominant native cholesteryl 6-O-phosphatidyl α-glucoside (CPG) from Helicobacter pylori via an integrated biological and chemical strategy. The strategy employed (i) the metabolic isolation of a CPG analogue and (ii) the enzymatic degradation of the analogue to obtain the native lactobacillic acid for the stereochemical determination. The absolute stereochemistry of the acid was found to be 11R and 12S. Using the new stereochemical data, we accomplished the total synthesis of predominant native CPG and other predominant αCG derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Chang
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 300093Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hau-Ming Jan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Jen Tseng
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 300093Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Soumik Mondal
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 300093Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Andualem Bahiru Abera
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chen Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sasikala Muthusamy
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Cih Huang
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 300093Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 300093Taiwan, R.O.C
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141
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Adkins-Threats M, Mills JC. Cell plasticity in regeneration in the stomach and beyond. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101948. [PMID: 35809361 PMCID: PMC10378711 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies using cell lineage-tracing techniques, organoids, and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses have revealed: 1) adult organs use cell plasticity programs to recruit progenitor cells to regenerate tissues after injury, and 2) plasticity is far more common than previously thought, even in homeostasis. Here, we focus on the complex interplay of normal stem cell differentiation and plasticity in homeostasis and after injury, using the gastric epithelium as a touchstone. We also examine common features of regenerative programs and discuss the evolutionarily conserved, stepwise process of paligenosis which reprograms mature cells into progenitors that can repair damaged tissue. Finally, we discuss how conserved plasticity programs may help us better understand pathological processes like metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahliyah Adkins-Threats
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, USA. https://twitter.com/@madkinsthreats
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
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142
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Zhang ZS, Deng WY, Huang SL, Yang BF, Zhu FH, Jiang B, Wang SN, Wang YK. Clinicopathological characteristics of signet-ring cell carcinoma derived from gastric fovelar epithelium. J Dig Dis 2022; 23:396-403. [PMID: 36111615 PMCID: PMC9826366 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the immunophenotype, differential diagnosis, and clinicopathological characteristics of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) derived from gastric foveolar epithelium. METHODS Clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, histopathological features, and follow-up data of seven cases of SRCC derived from gastric foveolar epithelium with small intramucosal lesions were analyzed. RESULTS Seven patients with a mean age of 38.3 years were diagnosed with SRCC derived from gastric foveolar epithelium and small intramucosal lesions, all of them were negative for CDH-1 germline mutation. The glands proliferated and expanded, and then morphologically transformed into signet-ring cells and formed clonal hyperplastic SRCC, which expanded laterally along the gastric foveolar cells to a length of 3-6 mm. Periodic acid Schiff staining was positive, while CK7 and MUC6 were negative, in all cases. Ki-67-positive cells ranged 37%-60%. During a follow-up period of 6-30 months, no patients experienced tumor recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS SRCC derived from gastric foveolar epithelium is originated from the proliferative region of the bottom of the gastric pit and gland neck. It is easily missed diagnosed or misdiagnosed as it grows laterally along the gastric foveolar cells. Biological behavior, genetics, and etiology of such SRCC, as well as the clinicopathological characteristics, need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Shang Zhang
- Department of PathologyShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Wei Yi Deng
- Department of PathologyShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Si Lin Huang
- Department of PathologyShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Bin Feng Yang
- Department of PathologyXinxiang Central HospitalXinxiangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Fang Heng Zhu
- Department of PathologyXinxiang Central HospitalXinxiangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of PathologyThe 990th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support ForceZhumadianHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Su Nan Wang
- Shenzhen PolytechnicShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Yang Kun Wang
- Department of PathologyForesea Life Insurance Guangzhou General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
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143
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Tran Thi YV, Hoang BA, Thanh HT, Nguyen TH, Ngoc TP, Thu HB, Hoang NN, Bui TT, Duc TC, Do Quang L. Design and Numerical Study on a Microfluidic System for Circulating Tumor Cells Separation From Whole Blood Using Magnetophoresis and Dielectrophoresis Techniques. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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144
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Hussaniy HA, Al-Gareeb AI, Negm WA, El-Kadem AH, Batiha GES, N. Welson N, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Qasem AH, Conte-Junior CA. Combination of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey and Febuxostat Boasted Cardioprotective Effects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905828. [PMID: 35814241 PMCID: PMC9257079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer agent for treating solid and soft tissue malignancies. However, the clinical use of DOX is restricted by cumulative, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the cardioprotective effects of P. ginseng C. A. Mey, febuxostat, and their combination against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Thirty-five Sprague Dawley male rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into five groups, with seven rats per group. The control group received normal saline, the induced group received DOX only, and the treated group received P. ginseng, febuxostat, and their combination before DOX treatment. Biomarkers of acute cardiac toxicity were assessed in each group. Results showed that treatment with the combination of febuxostat and P. ginseng before DOX led to a significant improvement in the biomarkers of acute DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, the combination of P. ginseng and febuxostat produced more significant cardioprotective effects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity when compared to either P. ginseng or febuxostat when used alone. The potential mechanism of this combination was mainly mediated by the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of P. ginseng and febuxostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aya H. El-Kadem
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Nermeen N. Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department & Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Qasem
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bastani S, Vahedian V, Rashidi M, Mir A, Mirzaei S, Alipourfard I, Pouremamali F, Nejabati H, Kadkhoda J, Maroufi NF, Akbarzadeh M. An evaluation on potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocin. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113297. [PMID: 35738178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin, an active ingredient derived from saffron, is one of the herbal components that has recently been considered by researchers. Crocin has been shown to have many anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and therefore can be used to treat various diseases. It has been shown that Crocin has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease. In addition, the role of this substance in COVID-19 pandemic has been identified. In this review article, we tried to have a comprehensive review of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocin in different diseases and different tissues. In conclusion, Crocin may be helpful in pathological conditions that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Bastani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Vahedian
- Cancer Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Biotechnology (FMB-IBTEC) Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Mir
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institutitue of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection - Faculty of Natural Sciences - University of Silesia - Katowice - Poland
| | - Farhad Pouremamali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamileh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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146
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Sirajudeen S, Shah I, Ayoub MA, Karam SM, Al Menhali A. Long-Term Vitamin D Deficiency Results in the Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Alteration of Multiple Gastric Epithelial Cell Lineages in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126684. [PMID: 35743124 PMCID: PMC9224370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over one billion people globally are vitamin D (VD) deficient. Studies on the biological roles of VD are numerous but very little on the stomach. This project aims to understand how gastric homeostasis is affected by VD deficiency caused by prolonged exposure to darkness alone or combined with VD deficient diet. Three groups of C57/BL6 mice were subjected to different light exposure conditions and diets for 12 months (n = 8−12/group): control—12 h/12 h light/dark SDL (Standard Diet/Light), 24 h dark SDD (Standard Diet/Dark), and 24 h dark VDD (VD deficient diet/Dark). Stomach samples were collected for different multi-label lectin-/immuno-histochemical and qRT-PCR analyses, and the serum for LC-MS-MS. We found that the membrane VD receptor is expressed widely in the stomach when compared to nuclear VD receptors. Compared to SDL, VDD mice developed mucous cell expansion with increased mucins-mRNA (3.27 ± 2.73 (p < 0.05)) increased apoptotic cells, 15 ± 7 (p ≤ 0.001)); decreased cell proliferation, 4 ± 4 (p < 0.05)) and decreased acid secretion 33 ± 2 μEq/kg (p ≤ 0.0001)). Interestingly, mice exposed to full darkness developed mild VD deficiency with higher VD epimer levels: 11.9 ± 2.08 ng/mL (p ≤ 0.0001)), expansion in zymogenic cell number (16 ± 3 (p ≤ 0.01)), and a reduction in acid secretion (18 ± 2 μEq/kg (p ≤ 0.0001)). In conclusion, changes in light exposure or VD levels have serious physiological effects on the gastric mucosa, which should be considered during the management of gastric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaima Sirajudeen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Zayed Centre for Scientific Research, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Zayed Centre for Scientific Research, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Zayed Centre for Scientific Research, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Zayed Centre for Scientific Research, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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147
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A Molecular View on Biomaterials and Dental Stem Cells Interactions: Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials and stem cells are essential components in the field of regenerative medicine. Various biomaterials have been designed that have appropriate biochemical and biophysical characteristics to mimic the microenvironment of an extracellular matrix. Dental stem cells (DT-MSCs) represent a novel source for the development of autologous therapies due to their easy availability. Although research on biomaterials and DT-MSCs has progressed, there are still challenges in the characteristics of biomaterials and the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the behavior of DT-MSCs. In this review, the characteristics of biomaterials are summarized, and their classification according to their source, bioactivity, and different biological effects on the expansion and differentiation of DT-MSCs is summarized. Finally, advances in research on the interaction of biomaterials and the molecular components involved (mechanosensors and mechanotransduction) in DT-MSCs during their proliferation and differentiation are analyzed. Understanding the molecular dynamics of DT-MSCs and biomaterials can contribute to research in regenerative medicine and the development of autologous stem cell therapies.
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148
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Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Liu CJ, Liu YC, Saito S, Kato K, Lin YC, Kuo KK, Chan TF, Chong IW, Lin CS, Wu DC, Yokoyama KK. Stem Cell Biomarkers and Tumorigenesis in Gastric Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060929. [PMID: 35743714 PMCID: PMC9224738 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomach cancer has a high mortality, which is partially caused by an absence of suitable biomarkers to allow detection of the initiation stages of cancer progression. Thus, identification of critical biomarkers associated with gastric cancer (GC) is required to advance its clinical diagnoses and treatment. Recent studies using tracing models for lineage analysis of GC stem cells indicate that the cell fate decision of the gastric stem cells might be an important issue for stem cell plasticity. They include leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5+), Cholecystokinin receptor 2 (Cckr2+), and axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2+) as the stem cell markers in the antrum, Trefoil Factor 2 (TFF2+), Mist1+ stem cells, and Troy+ chief cells in the corpus. By contrast, Estrogen receptor 1 (eR1), Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2), and B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi1) are rich in both the antrum and corpus regions. These markers might help to identify the cell-lineage identity and analyze the plasticity of each stem cell population. Thus, identification of marker genes for the development of GC and its environment is critical for the clinical application of cancer stem cells in the prevention of stomach cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology, Yaita 329-2192, Japan;
- Horus Co., Ltd., Nakano, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Division of General & Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101 (ext. 2729); Fax: +886-7313-3849
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149
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Yang H, Zhou X, Hu B. The 'reversibility' of chronic atrophic gastritis after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Postgrad Med 2022; 134:474-479. [PMID: 35382697 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2063604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is lifelong and usually acquired in childhood, which is etiologically linked to gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori gastritis is defined as an infectious disease with varying severity in virtually all infected subjects. Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is the precancerous condition with the decrease or the loss of gastric glands, which can further be replaced by metaplasia or fibrosis. Patients with advanced stages of CAG are at higher risk of GC and should be followed up with a high-quality endoscopy every 3 years. H. pylori infection is the most common cause and its eradication is recommended, which may contribute to the regression of CAG. However, it is controversial whether CAG is reversible after eradication therapy. In the review, we discuss recent studies which provide important insights into whether CAG is 'reversibility' and when it may progress into GC after eradicating H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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150
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Caldwell B, Meyer AR, Weis JA, Engevik AC, Choi E. Chief cell plasticity is the origin of metaplasia following acute injury in the stomach mucosa. Gut 2022; 71:1068-1077. [PMID: 34497145 PMCID: PMC8901801 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metaplasia arises from differentiated cell types in response to injury and is considered a precursor in many cancers. Heterogeneous cell lineages are present in the reparative metaplastic mucosa with response to injury, including foveolar cells, proliferating cells and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells, a key metaplastic cell population. Zymogen-secreting chief cells are long-lived cells in the stomach mucosa and have been considered the origin of SPEM cells; however, a conflicting paradigm has proposed isthmal progenitor cells as an origin for SPEM. DESIGN Gastric intrinsic factor (GIF) is a stomach tissue-specific gene and exhibits protein expression unique to mature mouse chief cells. We generated a novel chief cell-specific driver mouse allele, GIF-rtTA. GIF-GFP reporter mice were used to validate specificity of GIF-rtTA driver in chief cells. GIF-Cre-RnTnG mice were used to perform lineage tracing during homoeostasis and acute metaplasia development. L635 treatment was used to induce acute mucosal injury and coimmunofluorescence staining was performed for various gastric lineage markers. RESULTS We demonstrated that mature chief cells, rather than isthmal progenitor cells, serve as the predominant origin of SPEM cells during the metaplastic process after acute mucosal injury. Furthermore, we observed long-term label-retaining chief cells at 1 year after the GFP labelling in chief cells. However, only a very small subset of the long-term label-retaining chief cells displayed the reprogramming ability in homoeostasis. In contrast, we identified chief cell-originating SPEM cells as contributing to lineages within foveolar cell hyperplasia in response to the acute mucosal injury. CONCLUSION Our study provides pivotal evidence for cell plasticity and lineage contributions from differentiated gastric chief cells during acute metaplasia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Caldwell
- Section of Surgical Sciences and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anne R Meyer
- Section of Surgical Sciences and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jared A Weis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Section of Surgical Sciences and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Section of Surgical Sciences and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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