1651
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Gasdermin Family: a Promising Therapeutic Target for Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:555-563. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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1652
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Visualization of perforin/gasdermin/complement-formed pores in real cell membranes using atomic force microscopy. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:611-620. [PMID: 30283066 PMCID: PMC6804747 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different types of pores ubiquitously form in cell membranes, leading to various types of cell death that profoundly influence the fate of inflammation and the disease status. However, these pores have never truly been visualized to date. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), which is emerging as a powerful tool to analyze the mechanical properties of biomolecules and cells, is actually an excellent imaging platform that allows biological samples to be visualized by probing surface roughness at the level of atomic resolution. Here, membrane pore structures were clearly visualized using AFM. This visualization not only describes the aperture and depth of the pore complexes but also highlights differences among the pores formed by perforin and gasdermins in tumor cell membranes and by complement in immune cell membranes. Additionally, this type of visualization also reveals the dynamic process of pore formation, fusion, and repair.
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1653
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A novel nanocomposite based on fluorescent turn-on gold nanostars for near-infrared photothermal therapy and self-theranostic caspase-3 imaging of glioblastoma tumor cell. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:303-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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1654
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1655
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Atkin-Smith GK, Duan M, Chen W, Poon IKH. The induction and consequences of Influenza A virus-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1002. [PMID: 30254192 PMCID: PMC6156503 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant cell death within the upper and lower respiratory tract and lung parenchyma. In severe infections, high levels of cell death can exacerbate inflammation and comprise the integrity of the epithelial cell barrier leading to respiratory failure. IAV infection of airway and alveolar epithelial cells promotes immune cell infiltration into the lung and therefore, immune cell types such as macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils are readily exposed to IAV and infection-induced death. Although the induction of cell death through apoptosis and necrosis following IAV infection is a well-known phenomenon, the molecular determinants responsible for inducing cell death is not fully understood. Here, we review the current understanding of IAV-induced cell death and critically evaluate the consequences of cell death in aiding either the restoration of lung homoeostasis or the progression of IAV-induced lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia K Atkin-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Mubing Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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1656
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Belizário JE, Neyra JM, Setúbal Destro Rodrigues MF. When and how NK cell-induced programmed cell death benefits immunological protection against intracellular pathogen infection. Innate Immun 2018; 24:452-465. [PMID: 30236030 PMCID: PMC6830868 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918800200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that exert a key role in immune surveillance
through the recognition and elimination of transformed cells and viral,
bacterial, and protozoan pathogen-infected cells without prior sensitization.
Elucidating when and how NK cell-induced intracellular microbial cell death
functions in the resolution of infection and host inflammation has been an
important topic of investigation. NK cell activation requires the engagement of
specific activating, co-stimulatory, and inhibitory receptors which control
positively and negatively their differentiation, memory, and exhaustion. NK
cells secrete diverse cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α/β, CD95/FasL, and TRAIL,
as well as cytoplasmic cytotoxic granules containing perforin, granulysin, and
granzymes A and B. Paradoxically, NK cells also kill other immune cells like
macrophages, dendritic cells, and hyper-activated T cells, thus turning off
self-immune reactions. Here we first provide an overview of NK cell biology, and
then we describe and discuss the life–death signals that connect the microbial
pathogen sensors to the inflammasomes and finally to cell death signaling
pathways. We focus on caspase-mediated cell death by apoptosis and
pro-inflammatory and non-caspase-mediated cell death by necroptosis, as well as
inflammasome- and caspase-mediated pyroptosis.
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1657
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The clinical relevance of necroinflammation-highlighting the importance of acute kidney injury and the adrenal glands. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:68-82. [PMID: 30224638 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroinflammation is defined as the inflammatory response to necrotic cell death. Different necrotic cell death pathways exhibit different immune reponses, despite a comparable level of intracellular content release (referred to as damage associated molecular patterns or DAMPs). In addition to DAMP release, which is inevitably associated with necrotic cell death, the active production of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines characterizes certain necrotic pathways. Necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis, therefore, are immunogenic to a different extent. In this review, we discuss the clinical relevance of necroinflammation highlighting potential human serum markers. We focus on the role of the adrenal glands and the lungs as central organs affected by systemic and/or local DAMP release and underline their role in intensive care medicine. In addition, data from models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and kidney transplantation have significantly shaped the field of necroinflammation and may be helpful for the understanding of the potential role of dialysis and plasma exchange to treat ongoing necroinflammation upon intensive care unit (ICU) conditions. In conclusion, we are only beginning to understand the importance of necroinflammation in diseases and transplantation, including xenotransplantation. However, given the existing efforts to develop inhibitors of necrotic cell death (ferrostatins, necrostatins, etc), we consider it likely that interference with necroinflammation reaches clinical routine in the near future.
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1658
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Ma Y, Chen Y, Lin C, Hu G. Biological functions and clinical significance of the newly identified long non‑coding RNA RP1‑85F18.6 in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2648-2658. [PMID: 30226619 PMCID: PMC6151894 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer have not been fully elucidated. The present study demonstrated that the expression of a newly identified lncRNA, RP1‑85F18.6, was upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of lncRNA RP1‑85F18.6 served a key role in tumor inhibition, reduced cell proliferation and invasion, disrupted the cell cycle, and increased apoptosis and pyroptosis of CRC cells. Conversely, overexpression of lncRNA RP1‑85F18.6 exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, silencing lncRNA RP1‑85F18.6 decreased ΔNp63 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, co‑transfection with ΔNp63 siRNA and lncRNA RP1‑85F18.6‑expressing vector attenuated the tumor‑promoting effects of lncRNA RP1‑85F18.6 overexpression. The expression levels of lncRNA RP1‑85F18.6, ΔNp63 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) were revealed to be associated with lymph node and distant metastases in patients with CRC, and therefore may serve as predictors in CRC. The findings of the present study suggested that lncRNA RP1‑85F18.6 may trigger CRC cell proliferation, invasion and cell cycle disruption, and suppress apoptosis and pyroptosis of CRC cells through regulating ΔNp63 expression. Therefore, lncRNA RP1‑85F18.6 and ΔNp63 may be considered unfavorable biomarkers, whereas GSDMD may be a favorable biomarker in CRC; these markers may prove valuable in the future diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshuo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head Neck Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha (The Changsha Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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1659
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Paving the way for precision medicine v2.0 in intensive care by profiling necroinflammation in biofluids. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:83-98. [PMID: 30201975 PMCID: PMC6294775 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinical diagnosis is typically based on a combination of approaches including clinical examination of the patient, clinical experience, physiologic and/or genetic parameters, high-tech diagnostic medical imaging, and an extended list of laboratory values mostly determined in biofluids such as blood and urine. One could consider this as precision medicine v1.0. However, recent advances in technology and better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying disease will allow us to better characterize patients in the future. These improvements will enable us to distinguish patients who have similar clinical presentations but different cellular and molecular responses. Treatments will be able to be chosen more “precisely”, resulting in more appropriate therapy, precision medicine v2.0. In this review, we will reflect on the potential added value of recent advances in technology and a better molecular understanding of necrosis and inflammation for improving diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients. We give a brief overview on the mutual interplay between necrosis and inflammation, which are two crucial detrimental factors in organ and/or systemic dysfunction. One of the challenges for the future will thus be the cellular and molecular profiling of necroinflammation in biofluids. The huge amount of data generated by profiling biomolecules and single cells through, for example, different omic-approaches is needed for data mining methods to allow patient-clustering and identify novel biomarkers. The real-time monitoring of biomarkers will allow continuous (re)evaluation of treatment strategies using machine learning models. Ultimately, we may be able to offer precision therapies specifically designed to target the molecular set-up of an individual patient, as has begun to be done in cancer therapeutics. Critical care mostly implies life-threatening situations involving systemic infection, inflammation and necrosis. Biofluids are an easily accessible source of liquid biopsies that can be used to monitor the evolution of the patient’s critical illness. The cellular and molecular profiling of necrosis and inflammation in biofluids using cutting-edge technologies such as realtime immunodiagnostics, next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry will pave the way for precision medicine v2.0 in critical care. This is needed for data mining approaches to allow patientclustering, identify novel biomarkers and develop novel intervention strategies controlling necrosis and inflammation. The real-time monitoring of biomarkers will allow continued (re)evaluation of treatment strategies using machine learning models. ![]()
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1660
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Jian C, Zhang P, Ma J, Jian S, Zhang Q, Liu B, Liang S, Liu M, Zeng Y, Liu Z. The Roles of Fatty-Acid Modification in the Activity of the Anticancer Peptide R-Lycosin-I. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4612-4620. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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1661
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Zhu M, Wang J, Xie J, Chen L, Wei X, Jiang X, Bao M, Qiu Y, Chen Q, Li W, Jiang C, Zhou X, Jiang L, Qiu P, Wu J. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of chalcone analogues incorporate α,β-Unsaturated ketone functionality as anti-lung cancer agents via evoking ROS to induce pyroptosis. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1395-1405. [PMID: 30196062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chalcone, a natural structure, demonstrates many pharmacological activities including anticancer, and one promising mechanism is to modulate the generation of ROS. It has been known that pyroptosis is associated with anticancer effects, whereas there is fewer researches about ROS-mediated pyroptosis triggered by chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, incorporation of a α,β-unsaturated ketone unit into chalcone may be an effective strategy for development of chemotherapy drugs. Hence, a number of chalcone analogues bearing a α,β-unsaturated ketone were synthesized from chalcone analogues 1 with modest anticancer activities as the lead compound. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies confirmed the function of α,β-unsaturated ketone to improve anticancer activity. Notably, compound 8, bearing a α,β-unsaturated ketone, is the most potent inhibitor of cancer, with IC50 values on NCI-H460, A549 and H1975 cells of 2.3 ± 0.3, 3.2 ± 0.0 and 5.7 ± 1.4 μM, respectively. Besides, 8 showed antiproliferative ability against NCI-H460 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner through modulating ROS to induce caspase-3-mediated pyroptosis, and displayed a better safety profile in vivo. Overall, these results demonstrated that compound 8 is a candidate agent and a potential lead compound for development of chemotherapy drugs, and can be used as a probe to further examine the mechanism of ROS-dependent pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jiabing Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xing Jiang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Miao Bao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yanyi Qiu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wulan Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; College of Information Science and Computer Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Chengxi Jiang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoou Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Peihong Qiu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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1662
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Sollberger G, Choidas A, Burn GL, Habenberger P, Di Lucrezia R, Kordes S, Menninger S, Eickhoff J, Nussbaumer P, Klebl B, Krüger R, Herzig A, Zychlinsky A. Gasdermin D plays a vital role in the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:3/26/eaar6689. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aar6689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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1663
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Chen KW, Monteleone M, Boucher D, Sollberger G, Ramnath D, Condon ND, von Pein JB, Broz P, Sweet MJ, Schroder K. Noncanonical inflammasome signaling elicits gasdermin D–dependent neutrophil extracellular traps. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:3/26/eaar6676. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aar6676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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1664
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Yang D, Zheng X, Chen S, Wang Z, Xu W, Tan J, Hu T, Hou M, Wang W, Gu Z, Wang Q, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Sensing of cytosolic LPS through caspy2 pyrin domain mediates noncanonical inflammasome activation in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3052. [PMID: 30076291 PMCID: PMC6076302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The noncanonical inflammasome is critical for cytosolic sensing of Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we show that bacterial infection induces caspy2 activation in zebrafish fibroblasts, which mediates pyroptosis via a caspase-5-like activity. Zebrafish caspy2 binds directly to lipopolysaccharide via the N-terminal pyrin death domain, resulting in caspy2 oligomerization, which is critical for pyroptosis. Furthermore, we show that caspy2 is highly expressed in the zebrafish gut and is activated during infection. Knockdown of caspy2 expression impairs the ability of zebrafish to restrict bacterial invasion in vivo, and protects larvae from lethal sepsis. Collectively, our results identify a crucial event in the evolution of pattern recognition into the death domain superfamily-mediated intracellular lipopolysaccharide-sensing pathway in innate immunity. In humans, caspase-5 is an LPS sensor that can induce gasdermin D cleavage and pyroptosis. Here, the authors show that zebrafish caspy2 is a functional homolog as it also senses cytosolic LPS to activate the noncanonical inflammasome and to protect against bacterial infection, but it does so via pyrin death domain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jinchao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tianjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mingyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhaoyan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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1665
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Ding J, Shao F. Growing a gasdermin pore in membranes of pyroptotic cells. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.2018100067. [PMID: 29997177 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Ding
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
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1666
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Feng S, Fox D, Man SM. Mechanisms of Gasdermin Family Members in Inflammasome Signaling and Cell Death. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3068-3080. [PMID: 29990470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Gasdermin (GSDM) family consists of Gasdermin A (GSDMA), Gasdermin B (GSDMB), Gasdermin C (GSDMC), Gasdermin D (GSDMD), Gasdermin E (GSDME) and Pejvakin (PJVK). GSDMD is activated by inflammasome-associated inflammatory caspases. Cleavage of GSDMD by human or mouse caspase-1, human caspase-4, human caspase-5, and mouse caspase-11 liberates the N-terminal effector domain from the C-terminal inhibitory domain. The N-terminal domain oligomerizes in the cell membrane and forms a pore of 10-16 nm in diameter, through which substrates of a smaller diameter, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, are secreted. The increasing abundance of membrane pores ultimately leads to membrane rupture and pyroptosis, releasing the entire cellular content. Other than GSDMD, the N-terminal domain of all GSDMs, with the exception of PJVK, have the ability to form pores. There is evidence to suggest that GSDMB and GSDME are cleaved by apoptotic caspases. Here, we review the mechanistic functions of GSDM proteins with respect to their expression and signaling profile in the cell, with more focused discussions on inflammasome activation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouya Feng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel Fox
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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1667
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Gao W, Sun M. Drug nanorods are potential new nanocarriers for intracellular protein delivery. Theranostics 2018; 8:3872-3873. [PMID: 30083266 PMCID: PMC6071533 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutics are increasingly important for the treatment of many diseases; however, intracellular protein delivery remains a considerable challenge. To address this challenge, drug nanorods have emerged as new nanocarriers for enhanced intracellular protein delivery via bypassing endo-lysosomes, which was called a “drug-delivering-drug platform”.
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1668
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Pei Y, Li M, Hou Y, Hu Y, Chu G, Dai L, Li K, Xing Y, Tao B, Yu Y, Xue C, He Y, Luo Z, Cai K. An autonomous tumor-targeted nanoprodrug for reactive oxygen species-activatable dual-cytochrome c/doxorubicin antitumor therapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11418-11429. [PMID: 29881865 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The precise tumor cell-specific delivery of therapeutic proteins and the elimination of side effects associated with routine chemotherapeutic agents are two current critical considerations for tumor therapy. In this study, we report a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated yolk-shell nanoplatform for the tumor-specific co-delivery of cytochrome c (Cyt c) prodrug and doxorubicin, in which the bioactivity of Cyt c could be restored by the intracellular ROS-trigger and readily initiate the sequential doxorubicin release. The DOX-loaded lactobionic acid-modified yolk-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles were first encapsulated with 4-nitrophenyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl carbonate (NBC)-modified Cyt c via boronic ester linkages, and functionalized again with lactobionic acid to further shield Cyt c and confer the selective tumor targeting against liver cancer cells. The key feature in this design is that by taking advantage of the boronic ester linkage, the cytotoxicity of Cyt c capped on the nanoparticle could be temporarily deactivated during blood transportation and rapidly restored upon exposure to the ROS-rich microenvironment within liver cancer cells, thereby simultaneously achieving the protein therapy and stimuli-responsive doxorubicin release. This study presents a novel strategy for the development of tumor-sensitive co-delivery nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Pei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
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1669
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Yang B, Lan S, Dieudé M, Sabo-Vatasescu JP, Karakeussian-Rimbaud A, Turgeon J, Qi S, Gunaratnam L, Patey N, Hébert MJ. Caspase-3 Is a Pivotal Regulator of Microvascular Rarefaction and Renal Fibrosis after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1900-1916. [PMID: 29925521 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major risk factor for chronic renal failure. Here, we characterize the different modes of programmed cell death in the tubular and microvascular compartments during the various stages of IRI-induced AKI, and their relative importance to renal fibrogenesis.Methods We performed unilateral renal artery clamping for 30 minutes and contralateral nephrectomy in wild-type mice (C57BL/6) or caspase-3-/- mice.Results Compared with their wild-type counterparts, caspase-3-/- mice in the early stage of AKI had high urine cystatin C levels, tubular injury scores, and serum creatinine levels. Electron microscopy revealed evidence of tubular epithelial cell necrosis in caspase-3-/- mice, and immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of the necroptosis marker receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) in renal cortical sections. Western blot analysis further demonstrated enhanced levels of phosphorylated RIPK3 in the kidneys of caspase-3-/- mice. In contrast, caspase-3-/- mice had less microvascular congestion and activation in the early and extension phases of AKI. In the long term (3 weeks after IRI), caspase-3-/- mice had reduced microvascular rarefaction and renal fibrosis, as well as decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and reduced collagen deposition within peritubular capillaries. Moreover, caspase-3-/- mice exhibited signs of reduced tubular ischemia, including lower tubular expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and improved tubular injury scores.Conclusions These results establish the pivotal importance of caspase-3 in regulating microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis after IRI. These findings also demonstrate the predominant role of microvascular over tubular injury as a driver of progressive renal damage and fibrosis after IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shanshan Lan
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Dieudé
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Annie Karakeussian-Rimbaud
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie Turgeon
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shijie Qi
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,London Health Sciences Centre, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Natalie Patey
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; .,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Hébert
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; .,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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1670
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Mulvihill E, Sborgi L, Mari SA, Pfreundschuh M, Hiller S, Müller DJ. Mechanism of membrane pore formation by human gasdermin-D. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798321. [PMID: 29898893 PMCID: PMC6043855 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin‐D (GSDMD), a member of the gasdermin protein family, mediates pyroptosis in human and murine cells. Cleaved by inflammatory caspases, GSDMD inserts its N‐terminal domain (GSDMDNterm) into cellular membranes and assembles large oligomeric complexes permeabilizing the membrane. So far, the mechanisms of GSDMDNterm insertion, oligomerization, and pore formation are poorly understood. Here, we apply high‐resolution (≤ 2 nm) atomic force microscopy (AFM) to describe how GSDMDNterm inserts and assembles in membranes. We observe GSDMDNterm inserting into a variety of lipid compositions, among which phosphatidylinositide (PI(4,5)P2) increases and cholesterol reduces insertion. Once inserted, GSDMDNterm assembles arc‐, slit‐, and ring‐shaped oligomers, each of which being able to form transmembrane pores. This assembly and pore formation process is independent on whether GSDMD has been cleaved by caspase‐1, caspase‐4, or caspase‐5. Using time‐lapse AFM, we monitor how GSDMDNterm assembles into arc‐shaped oligomers that can transform into larger slit‐shaped and finally into stable ring‐shaped oligomers. Our observations translate into a mechanistic model of GSDMDNterm transmembrane pore assembly, which is likely shared within the gasdermin protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Mulvihill
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefania A Mari
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Pfreundschuh
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
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1671
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Caspase-1 inhibition prevents glial inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in models of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6065-E6074. [PMID: 29895691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS of unknown cause that remains incurable. Inflammasome-associated caspases mediate the maturation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and activate the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD). Inflammatory programmed cell death, pyroptosis, was recently shown to be mediated by GSDMD. Here, we report molecular evidence for GSDMD-mediated inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in both myeloid cells (macrophages/microglia) and, unexpectedly, in myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (ODCs) in the CNS of patients with MS and in the MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We observed inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in human microglia and ODCs in vitro after exposure to inflammatory stimuli and demonstrate caspase-1 inhibition by the small-molecule inhibitor VX-765 in both cell types. GSDMD inhibition by siRNA transduction suppressed pyroptosis in human microglia. VX-765 treatment of EAE animals reduced the expression of inflammasome- and pyroptosis-associated proteins in the CNS, prevented axonal injury, and improved neurobehavioral performance. Thus, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in select glia cells is a previously unrecognized mechanism of inflammatory demyelination and represents a unique therapeutic opportunity for mitigating the disease process in MS and other CNS inflammatory diseases.
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1672
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Mechanism of gasdermin D recognition by inflammatory caspases and their inhibition by a gasdermin D-derived peptide inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6792-6797. [PMID: 29891674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800562115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasomes are signaling platforms that promote the activation of inflammatory caspases such as caspases-1, -4, -5, and -11. Recent studies identified gasdermin D (GSDMD) as an effector for pyroptosis downstream of the inflammasome signaling pathways. Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases allows its N-terminal domain to associate with membrane lipids and form pores that induce pyroptotic cell death. Despite the important role of GSDMD in pyroptosis, the molecular mechanisms of GSDMD recognition and cleavage by inflammatory caspases that trigger pyroptosis are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the catalytic domains of inflammatory caspases can directly bind to both the full-length GSDMD and its cleavage site peptide, FLTD. A GSDMD-derived inhibitor, N-acetyl-Phe-Leu-Thr-Asp-chloromethylketone (Ac-FLTD-CMK), inhibits GSDMD cleavage by caspases-1, -4, -5, and -11 in vitro, suppresses pyroptosis downstream of both canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes, as well as reduces IL-1β release following activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. By contrast, the inhibitor does not target caspase-3 or apoptotic cell death, suggesting that Ac-FLTD-CMK is a specific inhibitor for inflammatory caspases. Crystal structure of caspase-1 in complex with Ac-FLTD-CMK reveals extensive enzyme-inhibitor interactions involving both hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. Comparison with other caspase-1 structures demonstrates drastic conformational changes at the four active-site loops that assemble the catalytic groove. The present study not only contributes to our understanding of GSDMD recognition by inflammatory caspases but also reports a specific inhibitor for these caspases that can serve as a tool for investigating inflammasome signaling.
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1673
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Xin X, Teng C, Du X, Lv Y, Xiao Q, Wu Y, He W, Yin L. Drug-delivering-drug platform-mediated potent protein therapeutics via a non-endo-lysosomal route. Theranostics 2018; 8:3474-3489. [PMID: 30026860 PMCID: PMC6037042 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutics is playing an increasingly critical role in treatment of human diseases. However, current vectors are captured by the digestive endo-lysosomal system, which results in an extremely low fraction (<2%) of protein being released in the cytoplasm. This paper reports a drug-delivering-drug platform (HA-PNPplex, 200 nm) for potent intracellular delivery of protein and combined treatment of cancer. Methods: The platform was prepared by loading functional protein on pure drug nanoparticles (PNPs) followed by hyaluronic acid coating and was characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and gel electrophoresis. In vitro, cellular uptake, trafficking, and cytotoxicity were evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy. Protein expression was assayed by western blot. In vivo, blood circulation and biodistribution were studied using a fluorescence imaging system, antitumor efficacy was assessed in a caspase 3-deficient tumor model, and biocompatibility was determined by comparison of hemolytic activity and proinflammatory cytokines and tissue histology. Results: HA-PNPplex delivered the functional protein, caspase 3, to cells via bypassing endo-lysosomes and raised the caspase-3 level 6.5-fold in caspase 3-deficient cells. Promoted tumor accumulation (1.5-fold) and penetration were exhibited, demonstrating a high tumor-targeting ability of HA-PNPplex. HA-PNPplex rendered a 7-fold increase in caspase 3 in tumor and allowed for a 100% tumor growth inhibition and >60% apoptosis, implying significant antitumor activities. Conclusions: This platform gains cellular entry without entrapment in the endo-lysosomes and enables efficient intracellular protein delivery and resultant profound cancer treatment. This platform, with extremely high drug-loading, is a valuable platform for combined cancer therapy with small-molecule drugs and proteins. More importantly, this work offers a robust and safe approach for protein therapeutics and intracellular delivery of other functional peptides, as well as gene-based therapy.
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1674
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Abstract
The intestinal tract is a site of intense immune cell activity that is poised to mount an effective response against a pathogen and yet maintain tolerance toward commensal bacteria and innocuous dietary antigens. The role of cell death in gut pathologies is particularly important as the intestinal epithelium undergoes self-renewal every 4-7 days through a continuous process of cell death and cell division. Cell death is also required for removal of infected, damaged, and cancerous cells. Certain forms of cell death trigger inflammation through release of damage-associated molecular patterns. Further, molecules involved in cell death decisions also moonlight as critical nodes in immune signaling. The manner of cell death is, therefore, highly instructive of the immunological consequences that ensue. Perturbations in cell death pathways can impact the regulation of the immune system with deleterious consequences. In this review, we discuss the various forms of cell death with a special emphasis on lytic cell death pathways of pyroptosis and necroptosis and their implications in inflammation and cancer in the gut. Understanding the implications of distinct cell death pathways will help in the development of therapeutic interventions in intestinal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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1675
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Ma Y, Pitt JM, Li Q, Yang H. The renaissance of anti-neoplastic immunity from tumor cell demise. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:194-206. [PMID: 29027231 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapies can temporarily reduce tumor burdens by inducing malignant cell death. However, cancer cure is still far from realization because tumors often gain resistance to current treatment and eventually relapse. Accumulating evidence suggests that successful cancer interventions require anti-tumor immunity. Therapy-induced cell stress responses ultimately result in one or more cell death modalities, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. These irreversible dying processes are accompanied by active or passive release of cell death-associated molecular patterns (CDAMPs), which can be sensed by corresponding pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on tumor-infiltrating immune cells. This crosstalk with the immune system can reawaken immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review focuses on immune-modulatory properties of anti-cancer regimens and CDAMP-mediated communications between cell stress responses and the immune contexture of TME. In addition, we describe how immunogenic cell death can elicit strong and durable anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ma
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qingqing Li
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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1676
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Vrentas CE, Schaut RG, Boggiatto PM, Olsen SC, Sutterwala FS, Moayeri M. Inflammasomes in livestock and wildlife: Insights into the intersection of pathogens and natural host species. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 201:49-56. [PMID: 29914682 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome serves as a mechanism by which the body senses damage or danger. These multiprotein complexes form in the cytosol of myeloid, epithelial and potentially other cell types to drive caspase-1 cleavage and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Different types of inflammasomes, centered on (and named after) their cytosolic NLRs, respond to signals from bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as "sterile inflammatory" triggers. Despite the large body of research accumulated on rodent and human inflammasomes over the past 15 years, only recently have studies expanded to consider the role of inflammasomes in veterinary and wildlife species. Due to the key role of inflammasomes in mediating inflammatory responses observed in humans and rodents, characterization of the similarities and differences between humans/rodents and veterinary species is required to identify genetic and evolutionary influences on disease responses and to develop therapeutic candidates for use in veterinary inflammatory syndromes. Here, we summarize recent findings on inflammasomes in swine, cattle, dogs, bats, small ruminants, and birds. We describe current gaps in our knowledge and highlight promising areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Vrentas
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
| | - Robert G Schaut
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Paola M Boggiatto
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Steven C Olsen
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Mahtab Moayeri
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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1677
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Yuan YY, Xie KX, Wang SL, Yuan LW. Inflammatory caspase-related pyroptosis: mechanism, regulation and therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2018; 6:167-176. [PMID: 30151200 PMCID: PMC6101557 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential part of programmed cell death, pyroptosis is an inflammatory response that is elicited upon infection by intracellular pathogens. Metabolic diseases, atherosclerosis and vital organ damage occur if pyroptosis is over-activated. Macrophages are the main cells that induce pyroptosis with the help of intracellular pattern-recognition receptors stimulated by danger signals and pathogenic microorganisms in the cytosol of host cells. Activated inflammatory caspases induce pyroptosis and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. Inflammatory programmed cell death is classified as canonical or non-canonical based on inflammatory caspases, which includes caspase-1 (in human and mouse) and caspase-11 (in mouse) or caspase-4 and -5 (in humans). Activated inflammatory caspases cleave the pore-forming effector protein, gasdermin-D, inducing osmotic pressure deregulation of internal fluids and subsequently rupturing the cell membranes. Inflammatory caspases could be attractive therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which pyroptosis may play an important role. This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of pyroptosis, focusing on the regulation of inflammatory caspases and therapeutic strategies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ke-Xin Xie
- Medical Laboratory Technology 1602, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, 172 Tongzipo Road, YueLu District, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Sha-Long Wang
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lian-Wen Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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1678
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Cryo-EM structure of the gasdermin A3 membrane pore. Nature 2018; 557:62-67. [PMID: 29695864 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermins mediate inflammatory cell death after cleavage by caspases or other, unknown enzymes. The cleaved N-terminal fragments bind to acidic membrane lipids to form pores, but the mechanism of pore formation remains unresolved. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the 27-fold and 28-fold single-ring pores formed by the N-terminal fragment of mouse GSDMA3 (GSDMA3-NT) at 3.8 and 4.2 Å resolutions, and of a double-ring pore at 4.6 Å resolution. In the 27-fold pore, a 108-stranded anti-parallel β-barrel is formed by two β-hairpins from each subunit capped by a globular domain. We identify a positively charged helix that interacts with the acidic lipid cardiolipin. GSDMA3-NT undergoes radical conformational changes upon membrane insertion to form long, membrane-spanning β-strands. We also observe an unexpected additional symmetric ring of GSDMA3-NT subunits that does not insert into the membrane in the double-ring pore, which may represent a pre-pore state of GSDMA3-NT. These structures provide a basis that explains the activities of several mutant gasdermins, including defective mutants that are associated with cancer.
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1679
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Croes L, Beyens M, Fransen E, Ibrahim J, Vanden Berghe W, Suls A, Peeters M, Pauwels P, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K. Large-scale analysis of DFNA5 methylation reveals its potential as biomarker for breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:51. [PMID: 29682089 PMCID: PMC5896072 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide. Biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of these patients are needed. We hypothesized that deafness, autosomal dominant 5 (DFNA5) may be a valuable biomarker, based upon strong indications for its role as tumor suppressor gene and its function in regulated cell death. In this study, we aimed to analyze DFNA5 methylation and expression in the largest breast cancer cohort to date using publicly available data from TCGA, in order to further unravel the role of DFNA5 as detection and/or prognostic marker in breast cancer. We analyzed Infinium HumanMethylation450k data, covering 22 different CpGs in the DFNA5 gene (668 breast adenocarcinomas and 85 normal breast samples) and DFNA5 expression (Agilent 244K Custom Gene Expression: 476 breast adenocarcinomas and 56 normal breast samples; RNA-sequencing: 666 breast adenocarcinomas and 71 normal breast samples). Results DFNA5 methylation and expression were significantly different between breast cancer and normal breast samples. Overall, breast cancer samples showed higher DFNA5 methylation in the putative gene promoter compared to normal breast samples, whereas in the gene body and upstream of the putative gene promoter, the opposite is true. Furthermore, DFNA5 methylation, in 10 out of 22 CpGs, and expression were significantly higher in lobular compared to ductal breast cancers. An important result of this study was the identification of a combination of one CpG in the gene promoter (CpG07504598) and one CpG in the gene body (CpG12922093) of DFNA5, which was able to discriminate between breast cancer and normal breast samples (AUC = 0.93). This model was externally validated in three independent datasets. Moreover, we showed that estrogen receptor state is associated with DFNA5 methylation and expression. Finally, we were able to find a significant effect of DFNA5 gene body methylation on a 5-year overall survival time. Conclusions We conclude that DFNA5 methylation shows strong potential as detection and prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Croes
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Matthias Beyens
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,3StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, BE-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joe Ibrahim
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- 4Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Arvid Suls
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
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1680
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Liu Z, Wang C, Rathkey JK, Yang J, Dubyak GR, Abbott DW, Xiao TS. Structures of the Gasdermin D C-Terminal Domains Reveal Mechanisms of Autoinhibition. Structure 2018; 26:778-784.e3. [PMID: 29576317 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that plays important roles in immune protection against infections and in inflammatory disorders. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is an executor of pyroptosis upon cleavage by caspases-1/4/5/11 following canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation. GSDMD N-terminal domain assembles membrane pores to induce cytolysis, whereas its C-terminal domain inhibits cell death through intramolecular association with the N domain. The molecular mechanisms of autoinhibition for GSDMD are poorly characterized. Here we report the crystal structures of the human and murine GSDMD C-terminal domains, which differ from those of the full-length murine GSDMA3 and the human GSDMB C-terminal domain. Mutations of GSDMD C-domain residues predicted to locate at its interface with the N-domain enhanced pyroptosis. Our results suggest that GSDMDs may employ a distinct mode of intramolecular domain interaction and autoinhibition, which may be relevant to its unique role in pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chuanping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Joseph K Rathkey
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Graduate Program in Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George R Dubyak
- Graduate Program in Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tsan Sam Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Antonov AV, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Barlev NA, Bazan NG, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Boya P, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Cohen GM, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, DeBerardinis RJ, Deshmukh M, Di Daniele N, Di Virgilio F, Dixit VM, Dixon SJ, Duckett CS, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Fimia GM, Fulda S, García-Sáez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Golstein P, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Gross A, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Harris IS, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Ichijo H, Jäättelä M, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Juin PP, Kaiser WJ, Karin M, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lee SW, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lowe SW, Luedde T, Lugli E, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malewicz M, Malorni W, Manic G, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino S, Miao EA, Molkentin JD, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nagata S, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Oren M, Overholtzer M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rehm M, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CMP, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Ryan KM, Sayan E, Scorrano L, Shao F, Shi Y, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stockwell BR, Strasser A, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Thorburn A, Tsujimoto Y, Turk B, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Vander Heiden MG, Villunger A, Virgin HW, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang Y, Wells JA, Wood W, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Zitvogel L, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:486-541. [PMID: 29362479 PMCID: PMC5864239 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3797] [Impact Index Per Article: 632.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alexey V Antonov
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological Investigation (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- INSERM U1180, Châtenay Malabry, France
- University of Paris Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gerald M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, CeSI-MetUniversity of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin S Duckett
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM U1231 "Lipides Nutrition Cancer", Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy France Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Golstein
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Team labeled "Ligue Contre le Cancer", Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gyorgy Hajnoczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe P Juin
- Team 8 "Stress adaptation and tumor escape", CRCINA-INSERM U1232, Nantes, France
- University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- Institute of Cancer Research in Western France, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Translational Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Department Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Malewicz
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Walter Malorni
- National Centre for Gender Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Departments of Genetics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development laboratory, CRCL, Lyon, France
- Team labeled "La Ligue contre le Cancer", Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gabriel Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medicinal Biomaterials, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John Silke
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Inflammation, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for DAMP Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Protein Modification and Degradation of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Boris Turk
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, "Jozef Stefan" Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Will Wood
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France.
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France.
- Biology Pole, European Hospital George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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1682
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Chemotherapy drugs induce pyroptosis through caspase-3-dependent cleavage of GSDME. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:739-740. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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1683
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Lee BL, Mirrashidi KM, Stowe IB, Kummerfeld SK, Watanabe C, Haley B, Cuellar TL, Reichelt M, Kayagaki N. ASC- and caspase-8-dependent apoptotic pathway diverges from the NLRC4 inflammasome in macrophages. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3788. [PMID: 29491424 PMCID: PMC5830643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRC4 inflammasome recognizes bacterial flagellin and components of the type III secretion apparatus. NLRC4 stimulation leads to caspase-1 activation followed by a rapid lytic cell death known as pyroptosis. NLRC4 is linked to pathogen-free auto-inflammatory diseases, suggesting a role for NLRC4 in sterile inflammation. Here, we show that NLRC4 activates an alternative cell death program morphologically similar to apoptosis in caspase-1-deficient BMDMs. By performing an unbiased genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen with subsequent validation studies in gene-targeted mice, we highlight a critical role for caspase-8 and ASC adaptor in an alternative apoptotic pathway downstream of NLRC4. Furthermore, caspase-1 catalytically dead knock-in (Casp1 C284A KI) BMDMs genetically segregate pyroptosis and apoptosis, and confirm that caspase-1 does not functionally compete with ASC for NLRC4 interactions. We show that NLRC4/caspase-8-mediated apoptotic cells eventually undergo plasma cell membrane damage in vitro, suggesting that this pathway can lead to secondary necrosis. Unexpectedly, we found that DFNA5/GSDME, a member of the pore-forming gasdermin family, is dispensable for the secondary necrosis that follows NLRC4-mediated apoptosis in macrophages. Together, our data confirm the existence of an alternative caspase-8 activation pathway diverging from the NLRC4 inflammasome in primary macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina L Lee
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Mirrashidi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irma B Stowe
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah K Kummerfeld
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Colin Watanabe
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Haley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Trinna L Cuellar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.
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1684
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Rathinam VAK, Chan FKM. Inflammasome, Inflammation, and Tissue Homeostasis. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:304-318. [PMID: 29433944 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organismal fitness demands proper response to neutralize the threat from infection or injury. At the mammalian intestinal epithelium barrier, the inflammasome coordinates an elaborate tissue repair response marked by the induction of antimicrobial peptides, wound-healing cytokines, and reparative proliferation of epithelial stem cells. The inflammasome in myeloid and intestinal epithelial compartments exerts these effects in part through maintenance of a healthy microbiota. Disease-associated mutations and elevated expression of certain inflammasome sensors have been identified. In many cases, inhibition of inflammasome activity has dramatic effects on disease outcome in mouse models of experimental colitis. Here, we discuss recent studies on the role of distinct inflammasome sensors in intestinal homeostasis and how this knowledge may be translated into a therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay A K Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Francis Ka-Ming Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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1685
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Abstract
The human body generates 10-100 billion cells every day, and the same number of cells die to maintain homeostasis in our body. Cells infected by bacteria or viruses also die. The cell death that occurs under physiological conditions mainly proceeds by apoptosis, which is a noninflammatory, or silent, process, while pathogen infection induces necroptosis or pyroptosis, which activates the immune system and causes inflammation. Dead cells generated by apoptosis are quickly engulfed by macrophages for degradation. Caspases are a large family of cysteine proteases that act in cascades. A cascade that leads to caspase 3 activation mediates apoptosis and is responsible for killing cells, recruiting macrophages, and presenting an "eat me" signal(s). When apoptotic cells are not efficiently engulfed by macrophages, they undergo secondary necrosis and release intracellular materials that represent a damage-associated molecular pattern, which may lead to a systemic lupus-like autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
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1686
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Songane M, Khair M, Saleh M. An updated view on the functions of caspases in inflammation and immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 82:137-149. [PMID: 29366812 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The binary classification of mammalian caspases as either apoptotic or inflammatory is now obsolete. Emerging data indicate that all mammalian caspases are intricately involved in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. They participate in embryonic and adult tissue homeostasis, control leukocyte differentiation, activation and effector functions, and mediate innate and adaptive immunity signaling. Caspases also promote host resistance by regulating anti-oxidant defense and pathogen clearance through regulation of phagosomal maturation, actin dynamics and phagosome-lysosome fusion. Beyond apoptosis, they regulate inflammatory cell death, eliciting rapid pyroptosis of infected cells, while inhibiting necroptosis-mediated tissue destruction and chronic inflammation. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying non-apoptotic functions of caspases in inflammation and immunity and provide an updated view of their functions as central regulators of tissue homeostasis and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Songane
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Mostafa Khair
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada.
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1687
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Wang WJ, Chen D, Jiang MZ, Xu B, Li XW, Chu Y, Zhang YJ, Mao R, Liang J, Fan DM. Downregulation of gasdermin D promotes gastric cancer proliferation by regulating cell cycle-related proteins. J Dig Dis 2018; 19:74-83. [PMID: 29314754 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation, and to determine whether the downregulated expression of GSDMD contributed to the tumorigenesis and proliferation of GC cells. METHODS GSDMD expressions in GC tissues and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The effect of GSDMD on cell proliferation in vitro was assessed by the colony formation assay and cell viability assays. In vivo, xenografted tumors in nude mice were evaluated. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, the alterations of several cell cycle-related and cell signaling pathway proteins were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS GSDMD expression was decreased in GC, and the decreased expression of GSDMD could markedly promote the proliferation of tumors in vivo and in vitro. The downregulation of GSDMD accelerated S/G2 cell transition by activating extracellular signal regulated kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways and regulating cell cycle-related proteins in GC. CONCLUSION GSDMD may protect against cell proliferation of GC, and it may be used as a diagnostic and treatment strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ming Zuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dai Ming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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1688
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Inde Z, Dixon SJ. The impact of non-genetic heterogeneity on cancer cell death. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:99-114. [PMID: 29250983 PMCID: PMC6089072 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1412395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of cancer chemotherapy is to induce homogeneous cell death within the population of targeted cancer cells. However, no two cells are exactly alike at the molecular level, and sensitivity to drug-induced cell death, therefore, varies within a population. Genetic alterations can contribute to this variability and lead to selection for drug resistant clones. However, there is a growing appreciation for the role of non-genetic variation in producing drug-tolerant cellular states that exhibit reduced sensitivity to cell death for extended periods of time, from hours to weeks. These cellular states may result from individual variation in epigenetics, gene expression, metabolism, and other processes that impact drug mechanism of action or the execution of cell death. Such population-level non-genetic heterogeneity may contribute to treatment failure and provide a cellular "substrate" for the emergence of genetic alterations that confer frank drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zintis Inde
- a Cancer Biology Program , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- a Cancer Biology Program , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
- b Department of Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
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1689
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Ye J, Zhang R, Wu F, Zhai L, Wang K, Xiao M, Xie T, Sui X. Non-apoptotic cell death in malignant tumor cells and natural compounds. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:210-227. [PMID: 29410006 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cancer therapy is mainly targeting on enhancing cell apoptosis, however, it is well established that many cancer cells are chemo-resistant and defective in apoptosis induction. Therefore, it may have important therapeutic implications to exploit some novel natural compounds based on non-apoptotic programmed cell death. Currently, accumulating evidence shows that the compounds from nature source can induce non-apoptotic programmed cell death in cancer cells, and therefore these natural compounds have gained a great promise for the future anticancer therapeutics. In this review, we will concentrate our efforts on the latest developments regarding major forms of non-apoptotic programmed cell death--autophagic cell death, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, glutamoptosis and exosome-associated cell death. Our increased understanding of the role of natural compounds in regulating non-apoptotic programmed cell death will hopefully provide prospective strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Des Moines Medical School, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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1690
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Sarhan M, von Mässenhausen A, Hugo C, Oberbauer R, Linkermann A. Immunological consequences of kidney cell death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29371597 PMCID: PMC5833784 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Death of renal cells is central to the pathophysiology of acute tubular necrosis, autoimmunity, necrotizing glomerulonephritis, cystic kidney disease, urosepsis, delayed graft function and transplant rejection. By means of regulated necrosis, immunogenic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and highly reactive organelles such as lysosomes, peroxisomes and mitochondria are released from the dying cells, thereby causing an overwhelming immunologic response. The rupture of the plasma membrane exhibits the "point of no return" for the immunogenicity of regulated cell death, explaining why apoptosis, a highly organized cell death subroutine with long-lasting plasma membrane integrity, elicits hardly any immune response. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent necrotic type cell death, results in the release of DAMPs and large amounts of lipid peroxides. In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines are actively released from cells that die by necroptosis, limiting the DAMP-induced immune response to a surrounding microenvironment, whereas at the same time, inflammasome-associated caspases drive maturation of intracellularly expressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In a distinct setting, additionally interleukin-18 (IL-18) is expressed during pyroptosis, initiated by gasdermin-mediated plasma membrane rupture. As all of these pathways are druggable, we provide an overview of regulated necrosis in kidney diseases with a focus on immunogenicity and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Sarhan
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne von Mässenhausen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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1691
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Heilig R, Dick MS, Sborgi L, Meunier E, Hiller S, Broz P. The Gasdermin-D pore acts as a conduit for IL-1β secretion in mice. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:584-592. [PMID: 29274245 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is well known for its role in host defense and the initiation of potent inflammatory responses. It is processed from its inactive pro-form by the inflammatory caspase-1 into its mature bioactive form, which is then released from the cell via an unconventional secretion mechanism. Recently, gasdermin-D has been identified as a new target of caspase-1. After proteolytical cleavage of gasdermin-D, the N-terminal fragment induces pyroptosis, a lytic cell death, by forming large permeability pores in the plasma membrane. Here we show using the murine system that gasdermin-D is required for IL-1β secretion by macrophages, dendritic cells and partially in neutrophils, and that secretion is a cell-lysis-independent event. Liposome transport assays in vitro further demonstrate that gasdermin-D pores are large enough to allow the direct release of IL-1β. Moreover, IL-18 and other small soluble cytosolic proteins can also be released in a lysis-independent but gasdermin-D-dependent mode, suggesting that the gasdermin-D pores allow passive the release of cytosolic proteins in a size-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Heilig
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mathias S Dick
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Sborgi
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, France
| | - Sebastian Hiller
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Broz
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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1692
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Ramirez MLG, Salvesen GS. A primer on caspase mechanisms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 82:79-85. [PMID: 29329946 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Caspases belong to a diverse clan of proteolytic enzymes known as clan CD with highly disparate functions in cell signaling. The caspase members of this clan are only found in animals, and most of them orchestrate the demise of cells by the highly distinct regulated cell death phenotypes known as apoptosis and pyroptosis. This review looks at the mechanistic distinctions between the activity and activation mechanisms of mammalian caspases compared to other members of clan CD. We also compare and contrast the role of different caspase family members that program anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Gonzalez Ramirez
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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1693
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Wang Y, Yin B, Li D, Wang G, Han X, Sun X. GSDME mediates caspase-3-dependent pyroptosis in gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1418-1425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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1694
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Ramos-Junior ES, Morandini AC. Gasdermin: A new player to the inflammasome game. Biomed J 2017; 40:313-316. [PMID: 29433834 PMCID: PMC6138612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a lytic type of programmed cell death that was traditionally associated with the involvement of inflammatory caspases, such as caspase-1. These inflammatory caspases are activated within multi-protein complexes called inflammasomes that are assembled in response to invading pathogens and/or danger signals. Pyroptotic cell death was suggested to evolve via the formation of pores in the plasma membrane, but the exact mechanism underlying the formation of these pores remained unclear. Recently, gasdermin D, a member of the gasdermin protein family was identified as a caspase substrate and essential effector of pyroptosis, being identified as the protagonist of membrane pore formation. Gasdermins have emerged as a family of new class of cell death inducers, but many questions remain unanswered. Here, we present an overview of recent work being done in the area of programmed cell death and the latest evidence regarding the role and participation of gasdermin D as an effector of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erivan S Ramos-Junior
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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1695
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Epidermal cornification is preceded by the expression of a keratinocyte-specific set of pyroptosis-related genes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17446. [PMID: 29234126 PMCID: PMC5727156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of the epidermis depends on keratinocyte differentiation and cornification, a mode of programmed cell death that does not elicit inflammation. Here, we report that cornification is associated with the expression of specific genes that control multiple steps of pyroptosis, another form of cell death that involves the processing and release of interleukin-1 family (IL1F) cytokines. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory IL1A and IL1B and of the pyroptotic pore-forming gasdermin (GSDM) D were downregulated during terminal differentiation of human keratinocytes in vitro. By contrast, negative regulators of IL-1 processing, including NLR family pyrin domain containing 10 (NLRP10) and pyrin domain-containing 1 (PYDC1), the anti-inflammatory IL1F members IL-37 (IL1F7) and IL-38 (IL1F10), and GSDMA, were strongly induced in differentiated keratinocytes. In human tissues, these keratinocyte differentiation-associated genes are expressed in the skin at higher levels than in any other organ, and mammalian species, that have lost the epidermal cornification program during evolution, i.e. whales and dolphins, lack homologs of these genes. Together, our results suggest that human epidermal cornification is accompanied by a tight control of pyroptosis and warrant further studies of potential defects in the balance between cornification and pyroptosis in skin pathologies.
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1696
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The NLRP3 Inflammasome Renders Cell Death Pro-inflammatory. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:133-141. [PMID: 29203171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 is the most studied inflammasome sensor due to its crucial involvement in sterile and infection-triggered inflammation. Although its molecular mode of activation remains to be defined, it is well established that low intracellular potassium concentrations result in its activation. This functionality allows the classical NLRP3 pathway to serve as a highly sensitive, but non-specific surveillance mechanism responding to any type of perturbation that breaches plasma membrane integrity and the associated potassium gradient across the membrane. Here, we review our current knowledge on potassium efflux-dependent NLRP3 activation, with a special focus on how major cell death programs are rendered pro-inflammatory by secondary NLRP3 activation. Apart from the "alternative inflammasome" as the major exception to the rule, this connection explains the fundamental importance of NLRP3 in cell death-associated inflammation and firmly establishes NLRP3 as a principal surveillance mechanism of cellular integrity.
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1697
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that typically comprise a sensor, an adaptor and the zymogen procaspase-1. An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage, which further induces maturation of interleukins 1β and 18 (IL-1β and IL-18) through proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. Activated caspase-1 also cleaves gasdermin D, which leads to a particular form of cell death called pyroptosis. Mutations in genes that encode inflammasome components are associated with many inflammatory disorders, and studies in the past decade have highlighted the importance of appropriate activation of the inflammasome in homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Therefore, much attention is being paid to uncover the modulators and regulators of inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. This Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster outlines the concepts in the activation of inflammasome sensors and assembly of the inflammasome platform. We also discuss recent insights into the mechanisms of regulation of inflammasome activity and the induction of cell death by pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Malik
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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1698
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Yu X, He S. GSDME as an executioner of chemotherapy-induced cell death. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1291-1294. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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1699
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Fuchslocher Chico J, Saggau C, Adam D. Proteolytic control of regulated necrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2147-2161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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1700
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Sagulenko V, Vitak N, Vajjhala PR, Vince JE, Stacey KJ. Caspase-1 Is an Apical Caspase Leading to Caspase-3 Cleavage in the AIM2 Inflammasome Response, Independent of Caspase-8. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:238-247. [PMID: 29100888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Canonical inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that can activate both caspase-1 and caspase-8. Caspase-1 drives rapid lysis of cells by pyroptosis and maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. In caspase-1-deficient cells, inflammasome formation still leads to caspase-3 activation and slower apoptotic death, dependent on caspase-8 as an apical caspase. A role for caspase-8 directly upstream of caspase-1 has also been suggested, but here we show that caspase-8-deficient macrophages have no defect in AIM2 inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis, and IL-1β cleavage. In investigating the inflammasome-induced apoptotic pathway, we previously demonstrated that activated caspase-8 is essential for caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis in caspase-1-deficient cells. However, here we found that AIM2 inflammasome-initiated caspase-3 cleavage was maintained in Ripk3-/-Casp8-/- macrophages. Gene knockdown showed that caspase-1 was required for the caspase-3 cleavage. Thus inflammasomes activate a network of caspases that can promote both pyroptotic and apoptotic cell death. In cells where rapid pyroptosis is blocked, delayed inflammasome-dependent cell death could still occur due to both caspase-1- and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. Initiation of redundant cell death pathways is likely to be a strategy for coping with pathogen interference in death processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliya Sagulenko
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Nazarii Vitak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Parimala R Vajjhala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Katryn J Stacey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
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