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Davila-Williams D, Barry M, Vargas C, Vossough A, Bernard TJ, Rafay MF. Cerebral Arteriopathies of Childhood - Current Approaches. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 43:101004. [PMID: 36344018 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Up to more than half of previously healthy children presenting with their first arterial ischemic stroke have a cerebral arteriopathy. Cerebral arteriopathies during childhood can be congenital, reflecting abnormal vessel development, or acquired when caused by disruption of vascular homeostasis. Distinguishing different types of cerebral arteriopathies in children can be challenging but of great clinical value as they may dictate different disease and treatment courses, and clinical and radiologic outcomes. Furthermore, children with stroke due to a specific arteriopathy exhibit distinctive features when compared to those with stroke due to other causes or a different type of arteriopathy. These features become crucial in the management of pediatric stroke by choosing appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies. The objective of this article is to provide the reader with a comprehensive up-to-date review of the classification, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of cerebral arteriopathies in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Barry
- Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, Co, USA
| | - Carolina Vargas
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy J Bernard
- Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, Co, USA
| | - Mubeen F Rafay
- Children's Hospital Winnipeg, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.
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152
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Lu L, Wan B, Li L, Sun M. Hypothyroidism has a protective causal association with hepatocellular carcinoma: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:987401. [PMID: 36246884 PMCID: PMC9562779 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.987401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Observational studies suggest an association between hypothyroidism and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the causality and direction of these effects are still inconclusive. We aim to test whether hypothyroidism is causally associated with the risk of HCC by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with hypothyroidism were screened via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 337,159 individuals of European descent (16,376 cases and 320,783 controls). The SNPs associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were selected from a GWAS of 72,167 individuals of European descent. Summary-level data for HCC (168 cases and 372,016 controls) were extracted from UK Biobank. An inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses were examined via MR-Egger regression, heterogeneity test, pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out sensitivity test. The assumption that exposure causes outcome was verified using the MR Steiger test. Results Two-Sample MR analysis showed inverse associations between genetically predicted hypothyroidism and HCC risk (OR = 0.997, 95% CI, 0.995-0.999; P = 0.016). There were no statistical indications of heterogeneity among instruments (P-het = 0.667). Across five MR methods, genetically predicted hypothyroidism shows a consistent correlation with HCC. The leave-one-out analysis indicated that no single SNP changed the overall estimate (P = 0.016). In addition, the MR Steiger test revealed that hypothyroidism was causal for HCC and not the opposite (P = 0.000). Finally, there was no evidence for a direct causal effect of TSH level and FT4 level on HCC risk. Conclusion Our results provide some that genetically determined hypothyroidism decreases the risk of HCC, although the size of the causal estimate is small. Further research is required to comprehend the mechanisms underlying this putative causative association, and follow-up clinical trials need to be conducted to establish whether inducing hypothyroidism could be beneficial for patients who are suffering from HCC. During future treatment of hypothyroidism, close attention to liver function may also be required to prevent a possible increased risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bangbei Wan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Haikou, China
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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153
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Oláh J, Lehotzky A, Szénási T, Berki T, Ovádi J. Modulatory Role of TPPP3 in Microtubule Organization and Its Impact on Alpha-Synuclein Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193025. [PMID: 36230985 PMCID: PMC9564178 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by locomotion deficits, dopaminergic neuronal loss and alpha-synuclein (SYN) aggregates; the Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25 or TPPP1) is also implicated in these processes. The moonlighting and chameleon TPPP1 modulates the dynamics/stability of the multifunctional microtubule network by promoting its acetylation and bundling. Previously, we identified the microtubule-associated TPPP3, a homologue of TPPP1 lacking its N-terminus; however, its involvement in physiological or pathological processes was not elucidated. In this work, we have shown the modulatory role of TPPP3, similarly to TPPP1, in microtubule organization, as well as its homo- and hetero-associations with TPPP1. TPPP3, in contrast to TPPP1, virtually does not bind to SYN; consequently, it does not promote SYN aggregation. Its anti-aggregative potency is achieved by counteracting the formation of the TPPP1–SYN pathological complex/aggregation leading to Parkinsonism. The interactions of TPPP3 have been determined and quantified in vitro with recombinant human proteins, cell extracts and in living human cells using different methods including bifunctional fluorescence complementation. The tight association of TPPP3 with TPPP1, but not with SYN, may ensure a unique mechanism for its inhibitory effect. TPPP3 or its selected fragments may become a leading agent for developing anti-Parkinson agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Oláh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (J.O.); Tel.: +36-1-3826-742 (J.O.); +36-1-3826-714 (J.O.)
| | - Attila Lehotzky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szénási
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (J.O.); Tel.: +36-1-3826-742 (J.O.); +36-1-3826-714 (J.O.)
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154
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Hao Y, Qu L, Guo Y, Ma L, Guo M, Zhu Y, Jin Y, Gu Q, Zhang Y, Sun W. Association of pre-pregnancy low-carbohydrate diet with maternal oral glucose tolerance test levels in gestational diabetes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:734. [PMID: 36162989 PMCID: PMC9511732 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited evidence exists on the correlation between the pre-pregnancy low-carbohydrate (LC) diet and maternal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) levels during pregnancy. Our aim was to compare the differences in maternal OGTT levels among women who had been diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and adopted different dietary patterns in the pre-pregnancy period. Methods A case–control study was conducted in 20 women with GDM who adhering to an LC diet (carbohydrate intake < 130 g/d) during pre-conception (LC/GDM,cases). Control subjects, who were matched in a 4:1 ratio, were 80 women with GDM and conventional diet (Con/GDM,control), and 80 women with conventional diet but without GDM (Con/Healthy,control). Women diagnosed with GDM using 75-g OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. We used unadjusted raw data to compare the dietary composition data and biomarkers of the three study groups. Results The average pre-conception BMI in each group suggested a similar body size from the three study groups(19.12 ± 2.00 LC/GDM, 19.65 ± 2.32 Con/GDM, 19.53 ± 2.30 Con/Healthy; P = 0.647). Compared with the Con/GDM group, the OGTT-1 h and OGTT-2 h values in LC/GDM group were significantly higher (10.36 ± 1.28 mmol/L vs. 9.75 ± 0.98 mmol/L; 9.12 ± 0.98 mmol/L vs. 8.29 ± 1.06 mmol/L). Furthermore, the percentage of women who had more than one abnormal OGTT value (OGTT-1 h and OGTT-2 h) was 40% in the LC/GDM group, which was significantly higher than in the Con/GDM group (16.3%). Conclusions We observed a relationship between the pre-pregnancy LC diet and more detrimental OGTT values in patients with GDM. This finding warrants further studies to understand the effect of pre-pregnancy LC diet practice on maternal glucose tolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-05059-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hao
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lei Qu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuna Guo
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Ma
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhe Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiqing Zhu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Gu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenguang Sun
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China.
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155
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Khalaj K, Figueira RL, Antounians L, Gandhi S, Wales M, Montalva L, Biouss G, Zani A. Treatment with Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Fetal Lung Branching and Cell Differentiation at Canalicular and Saccular Stages in Experimental Pulmonary Hypoplasia Secondary to Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1089-1102. [PMID: 36103370 PMCID: PMC9585953 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by impaired branching morphogenesis and differentiation. We have previously demonstrated that administration of extracellular vesicles derived from rat amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC-EVs) rescues development of hypoplastic lungs at the pseudoglandular and alveolar stages in rodent models of CDH. Herein, we tested whether AFSC-EVs exert their regenerative effects at the canalicular and saccular stages, as these are translationally relevant for clinical intervention. To induce fetal pulmonary hypoplasia, we gavaged rat dams with nitrofen at embryonic day 9.5 and demonstrated that nitrofen-exposed lungs had impaired branching morphogenesis, dysregulated signaling pathways relevant to lung development (FGF10/FGFR2, ROBO/SLIT, Ephrin, Neuropilin 1, β-catenin) and impaired epithelial and mesenchymal cell marker expression at both stages. AFSC-EVs administered to nitrofen-exposed lung explants rescued airspace density and increased the expression levels of key factors responsible for branching morphogenesis. Moreover, AFSC-EVs rescued the expression of alveolar type 1 and 2 cell markers at both canalicular and saccular stages and restored markers of club, ciliated epithelial, and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells at the saccular stage. AFSC-EV-treated lungs also had restored markers of lipofibroblasts and PDGFRA+ cells to control levels at both stages. EV tracking showed uptake of AFSC-EV RNA cargo throughout the fetal lung and an mRNA-miRNA network analysis identified that several miRNAs responsible for regulating lung development processes were contained in the AFSC-EV cargo. These findings suggest that AFSC-EV-based therapies hold potential for restoring fetal lung growth and maturation in babies with pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Khalaj
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Sree Gandhi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Matthew Wales
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Louise Montalva
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - George Biouss
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Augusto Zani
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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156
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Elvevi A, Laffusa A, Scaravaglio M, Rossi RE, Longarini R, Stagno AM, Cristoferi L, Ciaccio A, Cortinovis DL, Invernizzi P, Massironi S. Clinical treatment of cholangiocarcinoma: an updated comprehensive review. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27:100737. [PMID: 35809836 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of the bile ducts and represents the second most common hepatic cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma; it is sub-classified as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), the latter comprising both perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA or Klatskin tumor), and distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA). The global incidence of CCA has increased worldwide in recent decades. Chronic inflammation of biliary epithelium and bile stasis represent the main risk factors shared by all CCA sub-types. When feasible, liver resection is the treatment of choice for CCA, followed by systemic chemotherapy with capecitabine. Liver transplants represent a treatment option in patients with very early iCCA, in referral centers only. CCA diagnosis is often performed at an advanced stage when CCA is unresectable. In this setting, systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin represents the first treatment option, but the prognosis remains poor. In order to ameliorate patients' survival, new drugs have been studied in the last few years. Target therapies are directed against different molecules, which are altered in CCA cells. These therapies have been studied as second-line therapy, alone or in combination with chemotherapy. In the same setting, the immune checkpoints inhibitors targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), have been proposed, as well as cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapy (ACT). These experimental treatments showed promising results and have been proposed as second- or third-line treatment, alone or in combination with chemotherapy or target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Elvevi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Laffusa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Miki Scaravaglio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Elisa Rossi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Longarini
- Division of Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Stagno
- Division of Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Cristoferi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciaccio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Diego Luigi Cortinovis
- Division of Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Massironi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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157
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Dörsam AF, Bye A, Graf J, Howard LM, Throm JK, Müller M, Wallwiener S, Zipfel S, Micali N, Giel KE. Screening instruments for eating disorders in pregnancy: Current evidence, challenges, and future directions. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1208-1218. [PMID: 35844188 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a vulnerable period for eating disorder (ED) occurrence and maternal EDs are associated with heightened risk of adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. This highlights the need to identify pregnant women with past or current EDs in order to offer appropriate support. However, there is a knowledge and practice gap on screening pregnant women for EDs. Clinical guidance is lacking in international treatment guidelines, which is unsurprising given that no validated ED screening tool specifically designed for use in antenatal populations exists. Moreover, data on the effectiveness of general population screening tools for identifying EDs in pregnant women are scarce. This article provides a synthesis of current evidence, treatment guidelines, and data on the diagnostic accuracy for screening for EDs in antenatal samples from three studies with different screening approaches. We outline recommendations for future steps to tackle the knowledge and practice gap on screening for EDs in pregnant women, including next steps for the development of a pregnancy-specific ED screener and the use of general mental health screeners to detect EDs during pregnancy. Up-to-date, the jury is still out as how to best identify current or past EDs in pregnancy. More research is needed to assess the efficacy of using general mental health screeners versus ED-specific screening instruments to detect ED in pregnancy. Additionally, clinicians have to be trained on how to assess and manage EDs during pregnancy. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Identifying pregnant women with eating disorders (EDs) is a public health concern which can be addressed using multiple approaches, including implementation of general and specific assessments within routine antenatal care, and training of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Franziska Dörsam
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amanda Bye
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Division of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Johanna Graf
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Louise M Howard
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jana Katharina Throm
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mitho Müller
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wallwiener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
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158
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Gales A, Monteiro-Pai S, Hyndman KA. Endothelin system expression in the kidney following cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in male and female mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:868-879. [PMID: 35704945 PMCID: PMC9904337 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin accumulates in the kidney and induces acute kidney injury (AKI). Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that young female mice and women show greater recovery from cisplatin-AKI compared to young male mice and men. The endothelin (ET) and ET receptors are enriched in the kidney and may be dysfunctional in cisplatin-AKI; however, there is a gap in our knowledge about the putative effects of sex and cisplatin on the renal ET system. We hypothesized that cisplatin-AKI male and female mice will have increased expression of the renal ET system. As expected, all cisplatin-AKI mice had kidney damage and body weight loss greater than control mice. Cisplatin-AKI mice had greater cortical Edn1, Edn3, Ednra, and Ednrb, while outer medullary Ednra was significantly suppressed in both sexes. Of the ∼25 000 genes sequenced from the inner medulla, only 91 genes (comparing saline mice) and 134 genes (comparing cisplatin-AKI mice) were differentially expressed and they were unrelated to the ET system. However, Edn1 was significantly greater in the inner medulla of male and female cisplatin-AKI mice. Thus, RNA profiles of the ET system were significantly affected by cisplatin-AKI throughout the kidney regardless of sex and this may help determine the therapeutic potential of targeting the ET receptors in cisplatin-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Gales
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sureena Monteiro-Pai
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kelly A. Hyndman
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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159
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Shen Y, Chen G, Su S, Zhao C, Ma H, Xiang M. Independent Association of Thyroid Dysfunction and Inflammation Predicts Adverse Events in Patients with Heart Failure via Promoting Cell Death. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9. [PMID: 36135435 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9090290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction and inflammation are individually implicated in the increased risk of heart failure. Given the regulatory role of thyroid hormones on immune cells, this study aimed to investigate their joint association in heart failure. Patients with pre-existing heart failure were enrolled when hospitalized between July 2019 and September 2021. Thyroid function and inflammatory markers were measured at the enrollment. The composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for heart failure were studied in the following year. Among 451 participants (mean age 66.1 years, 69.4% male), 141 incident primary endpoints were observed during a median follow-up of 289 days. TT3 and FT3 levels were negatively correlated with BNP levels (r: −0.40, p < 0.001; r: −0.40, p < 0.001, respectively) and NT-proBNP levels (r: −0.39, p < 0.001; r: −0.39, p < 0.001). Multivariate COX regression analysis revealed that FT3 (adjusted HR: 0.677, 95% CI: 0.551−0.832) and NLR (adjusted HR: 1.073, 95% CI: 1.036−1.111) were associated with adverse event, and similar results for TT3 (adjusted HR: 0.320, 95% CI: 0.181−0.565) and NLR (adjusted HR: 1.072, 95% CI: 1.035−1.110). Restricted cubic splines analysis indicated a linear relationship between T3 level and adverse events. Mechanistically, primary cardiomyocytes showed strong resistance to TNF-α induced apoptosis under optimal T3 concentrations, as evidenced by TUNEL staining, flow cytometry analysis, and LDH release assay as well as increased expression of Bcl-2. Thyroid dysfunction and inflammation are independently associated with cardiovascular risk in heart failure patients, which may concurrently contribute to the ongoing cardiomyocyte loss in the disease progression.
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Giel KE, Schag K, Leehr EJ, Mack I, Schuster LS, Wiegand A, Zipfel S, Hallschmid M, Nieratschker V. OXTR DNA methylation differentiates men on the obesity spectrum with and without binge eating disorder. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:108. [PMID: 36042529 PMCID: PMC9429727 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) plays a role in the regulation of eating behavior and metabolism. OXT functioning is altered in patients with eating and weight disorders, and a variant of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) has been associated with impulsive eating behavior as it is seen in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Gene × environment interactions could play a role in BED. One mechanism mediating this interaction is the epigenetic alteration of gene expression. We therefore investigated if DNA methylation of the OXTR differs between individuals with obesity depending on a comorbid BED. We analyzed DNA methylation of the OXTR in peripheral blood of 227 individuals on the obesity spectrum (mean age: 40.3 ± 13.1 yrs; mean BMI: 38.6 ± 7.3 kg/m2), 130 of which were diagnosed with BED. RESULTS There were no overall differences in OXTR methylation between participants with and those without BED (p > 0.05), while both subgroups were comparable regarding age and body mass index (BMI), but significantly differed in sex distribution (p = 0.035). We found no relationship between mean DNA methylation and BMI or self-reported eating disorder (ED) pathology. Analyzing potential sex differences revealed a significantly lower OXTR DNA methylation in male participants with BED as compared to those without BED (p = 0.017). No such difference was found in the female subsample (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Clinically significant binge eating pathology might be associated with lower OXTR DNA methylation exclusively in males. The differential DNA methylation of OXTR in males with BED supports the view that BED represents a phenotype within the obesity spectrum that is characterized by specific vulnerability factors. A better understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of the OXT system might contribute to the refinement of OXT administration approaches as potential interventions in eating and weight disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Johanna Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lea-Sarah Schuster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ariane Wiegand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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161
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Bhombal S, Patel N. Diagnosis & management of pulmonary hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27:101383. [PMID: 35995665 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a key component of CDH pathophysiology and critical consideration for management and therapeutic options. PH associated with CDH has traditionally been attributed to pulmonary vascular maldevelopment and associated lung parenchymal hypoplasia, leading to pre-capillary increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). However, there is increasing recognition that left ventricular hypoplasia, dysfunction and elevated end diastolic pressure may contribute to post-capillary pulmonary hypertension in CDH patients. The interplay of these mechanisms and associated dysfunction in the right and left ventricles results in variable hemodynamic phenotypes in CDH. Clinical assessment of individual phenotype may help guide personalized management strategies, including effective use of pulmonary vasodilators and extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. Ongoing investigation of the underlying mechanisms of PH in CDH, and efficacy of physiology-based treatment approaches may support improvement in outcomes in this challenging condition.
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Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorders (autism) are thought to be relatively common, with analyses estimating 1% in the population could meet diagnostic criteria. New services for adult diagnosis have been set up in Wales, UK; however, no studies have examined for the proportion of adults with autism in Wales. In this study, we take anonymised healthcare record data from more than 3.6 million people to produce a national estimate of recorded autism diagnoses. We found the overall prevalence rate of autism in healthcare records was 0.51%. The number of new-recorded cases of autism increased from 0.188 per 1000 person-years in 2001 to 0.644 per 1000 person-years in 2016. The estimate of 0.51% prevalence in the population is lower than suggested by population survey and cohort studies, but comparable to other administrative records. From 2001 to 2016, the number of autism services for adults has increased, and autism is more widely known in society, while concurrently in healthcare records, there was a >150% increase autism diagnoses in the years 2008-2016. An increasing number of diagnoses were among women and those aged over 35 years. This study suggests that while the number of people being diagnosed with autism is increasing, many are still unrecognised by healthcare services.
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163
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Lozano A, Lujambio A. β-Catenin Is a Novel Target in YES-associated Protein-driven Cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:374-376. [PMID: 35661722 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lozano
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Herberts C, Annala M, Sipola J, Ng SWS, Chen XE, Nurminen A, Korhonen OV, Munzur AD, Beja K, Schönlau E, Bernales CQ, Ritch E, Bacon JVW, Lack NA, Nykter M, Aggarwal R, Small EJ, Gleave ME, Quigley DA, Feng FY, Chi KN, Wyatt AW. Deep whole-genome ctDNA chronology of treatment-resistant prostate cancer. Nature 2022; 608:199-208. [PMID: 35859180 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in blood plasma is an emerging tool for clinical cancer genotyping and longitudinal disease monitoring1. However, owing to past emphasis on targeted and low-resolution profiling approaches, our understanding of the distinct populations that comprise bulk ctDNA is incomplete2-12. Here we perform deep whole-genome sequencing of serial plasma and synchronous metastases in patients with aggressive prostate cancer. We comprehensively assess all classes of genomic alterations and show that ctDNA contains multiple dominant populations, the evolutionary histories of which frequently indicate whole-genome doubling and shifts in mutational processes. Although tissue and ctDNA showed concordant clonally expanded cancer driver alterations, most individual metastases contributed only a minor share of total ctDNA. By comparing serial ctDNA before and after clinical progression on potent inhibitors of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway, we reveal population restructuring converging solely on AR augmentation as the dominant genomic driver of acquired treatment resistance. Finally, we leverage nucleosome footprints in ctDNA to infer mRNA expression in synchronously biopsied metastases, including treatment-induced changes in AR transcription factor signalling activity. Our results provide insights into cancer biology and show that liquid biopsy can be used as a tool for comprehensive multi-omic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Herberts
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matti Annala
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joonatan Sipola
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sarah W S Ng
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xinyi E Chen
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anssi Nurminen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olga V Korhonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aslı D Munzur
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Beja
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elena Schönlau
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cecily Q Bernales
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elie Ritch
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jack V W Bacon
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan A Lack
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kim N Chi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Wang Y, Lu J, Wen N, Nie G, Peng D, Xiong X, Cheng N, Li B. The role of diet and nutrition related indicators in biliary diseases: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:51. [PMID: 35907868 PMCID: PMC9338528 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and nutrition, as a modifiable risk factor, have been demonstrated to play a significant role in the etiology of biliary diseases, whereas few comprehensive studies have been able to evaluate the strength and quality of these evidence. This umbrella review aims to evaluate the evidence pertaining risk factors for biliary diseases in terms of diet and nutrition-related indicators. METHODS An umbrella review method was adopted: evidence from observational studies up to 22 November 2021 were identified using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane database, as well as manual screening. Eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were: (1) meta analysis or systematic review; (2) The theme of the study is the relationship between diet or nutrition and biliary tract diseases; (3) Summarized and reported OR, RR or HR values and corresponding 95% CI; (4) No restrictions on the use of participants and languages; (5) Only extract the data of biliary tract diseases from multiple health outcomes; (6) Only the most recent studies on the same subject were included. This study had been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021293908). For each eligible systematic review and meta-analysis, we extracted the data of general characteristics and the main findings. The methodological quality of the meta-analyses included in our study were assessed by AMSTAR2 and the quality of evidence was evaluated by the GRADE. RESULTS A total of 323 articles were searched, among which 24 articles with 83 unique outcomes were identified as eligible. 35 of these outcomes were downgraded in GRADE evaluation as they reported heterogeneity. In short, among 83 unique outcomes, 5 were rated as moderate, 16 as low, and the rest as very low. For the prevention of biliary tract diseases, emphasis should be placed on appropriately increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, coffee and tea, and reducing the intake of alcohol, raw fish and foods with high nitrate. Meanwhile, weight, blood sugar and lipid levels should be controlled, and diabetes should be actively prevented and treated. Drinking is not recommended to prevent gallstones, although studies have shown that it may reduce the risk of cholecystolithiasis. CONCLUSIONS Our study summarizes the current multifaceted evidence on the relationship between dietary and nutritional indicators and biliary diseases, but the quality of all evidence was not high. Evidence from additional high-quality prospective studies are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqun Wang
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiong Lu
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ningyuan Wen
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guilin Nie
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dingzhong Peng
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xianze Xiong
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Nansheng Cheng
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Bei Li
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Thomaidou AC, Batsaki P, Adamaki M, Goulielmaki M, Baxevanis CN, Zoumpourlis V, Fortis SP. Promising Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: The Most Clinically Important miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158257. [PMID: 35897831 PMCID: PMC9367895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that extend from the oral cavity to the upper gastrointestinal tract. The principal etiologic factors for oral tumors include tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, while human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been accused of a high incidence of pharyngeal tumors. Accordingly, HPV detection has been extensively used to categorize carcinomas of the head and neck. The diverse nature of HNC highlights the necessity for novel, sensitive, and precise biomarkers for the prompt diagnosis of the disease, its successful monitoring, and the timely prognosis of patient clinical outcomes. In this context, the identification of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) and/or the detection of alterations in their expression patterns, in a variety of somatic fluids and tissues, could serve as valuable biomarkers for precision oncology. In the present review, we summarize some of the most frequently studied miRNAs (including miR-21, -375, -99, -34a, -200, -31, -125a/b, -196a/b, -9, -181a, -155, -146a, -23a, -16, -29, and let-7), their role as biomarkers, and their implication in HNC pathogenesis. Moreover, we designate the potential of given miRNAs and miRNA signatures as novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for successful patient stratification. Finally, we discuss the currently ongoing clinical trials that aim to identify the diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility of miRNAs in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C. Thomaidou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Panagiota Batsaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
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Konar AS, Paudyal R, Shah AD, Fung M, Banerjee S, Dave A, Lee N, Hatzoglou V, Shukla-Dave A. Qualitative and Quantitative Performance of Magnetic Resonance Image Compilation (MAGiC) Method: An Exploratory Analysis for Head and Neck Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153624. [PMID: 35892883 PMCID: PMC9331960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present exploratory study investigates the performance of a new, rapid, synthetic MRI method for diagnostic image quality assessment and measurement of relaxometry metric values in head and neck (HN) tumors and normal-appearing masseter muscle. The multi-dynamic multi-echo (MDME) sequence was used for data acquisition, followed by synthetic image reconstruction on a 3T MRI scanner for 14 patients (3 untreated and 11 treated). The MDME enables absolute quantification of physical tissue properties, including T1 and T2, with a shorter scan time than the current state-of-the-art methods used for relaxation measurements. The vendor termed the combined package MAGnetic resonance imaging Compilation (MAGiC). In total, 48 regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed, drawn on normal-appearing masseter muscle and tumors in the HN region. Mean T1 and T2 values obtained from normal-appearing muscle were 880 ± 52 ms and 46 ± 3 ms, respectively. Mean T1 and T2 values obtained from tumors were 1930 ± 422 ms and 77 ± 13 ms, respectively, for the untreated group, 1745 ± 410 ms and 107 ± 61 ms, for the treated group. A total of 1552 images from both synthetic MRI and conventional clinical imaging were assessed by the radiologists to provide the rating for T1w and T2w image contrasts. The synthetically generated qualitative T2w images were acceptable and comparable to conventional diagnostic images (93% acceptability rating for both). The acceptability ratings for MAGiC-generated T1w, and conventional images were 64% and 100%, respectively. The benefit of MAGiC in HN imaging is twofold, providing relaxometry maps in a clinically feasible time and the ability to generate a different combination of contrast images in a single acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresha Shridhar Konar
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Ramesh Paudyal
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Akash Deelip Shah
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.D.S.); (V.H.)
| | - Maggie Fung
- General Electric Health Care, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.F.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Abhay Dave
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Nancy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Vaios Hatzoglou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.D.S.); (V.H.)
| | - Amita Shukla-Dave
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.K.); (R.P.)
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.D.S.); (V.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-639-3184
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Ahmed S, Alam W, Jeandet P, Aschner M, Alsharif KF, Saso L, Khan H. Therapeutic Potential of Marine Peptides in Prostate Cancer: Mechanistic Insights. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080466. [PMID: 35892934 PMCID: PMC9330892 DOI: 10.3390/md20080466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer death in men, and its treatment is commonly associated with severe adverse effects. Thus, new treatment modalities are required. In this context, natural compounds have been widely explored for their anti-PCa properties. Aquatic organisms contain numerous potential medications. Anticancer peptides are less toxic to normal cells and provide an efficacious treatment approach via multiple mechanisms, including altered cell viability, apoptosis, cell migration/invasion, suppression of angiogenesis and microtubule balance disturbances. This review sheds light on marine peptides as efficacious and safe therapeutic agents for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit “Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection”, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims, EA 4707-USC INRAe 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, P.O. Box 1039, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, “Vittorio Erspamer” Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence:
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Sun R, Zhou Y, Cai Y, Shui C, Wang X, Zhu J. circ_0000045 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas via regulating HSP70 and MAPK pathway. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:799. [PMID: 35854245 PMCID: PMC9297571 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one severe malignancy driven by complex cellular and signaling mechanisms. However, the roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in HNSCC’s development remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the functions of differentially expressed circRNAs in regulating HNSCC cell functions. Methods Differentially expressed circRNAs were characterized through RNA sequencing in HNSCC tissues. CircRNA’s identity was then confirmed using RT-PCR and Sanger’s sequencing. Next, expression levels of circRNA and mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR, after which protein abundances were measured by Western blotting. Subsequently, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HNSCC cells was assessed by MTS, wound healing, and Transwell system, respectively, followed by identification of circRNA-binding proteins in HNSCC cells by circRNA pull-down, coupled with mass spectrometry. Results Great alterations in circRNA profiles were detected in HNSCC tissues, including the elevated expression of circ_0000045. As observed, silencing of circ_0000045 effectively repressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HNSCC cell lines (FaDu and SCC-9). Contrarily, circ_0000045’s overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion in FaDu and SCC-9 cells. Results also showed that circ_0000045 was associated with multiple RNA-binding proteins in HNSCC cells, such as HSP70. Moreover, circ_0000045 knockdown enhanced HSP70 expression and inhibited JNK2 and P38’s expression in HNSCC cells, which were oppositely regulated by circ_0000045’s overexpression. Conclusion The high expression of circ_0000045; therefore, promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion during HNSCC’s development through regulating HSP70 protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09880-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghao Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.55, 4th section of Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Yuqiu Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.55, 4th section of Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yongcong Cai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.55, 4th section of Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chunyan Shui
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.55, 4th section of Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.55, 4th section of Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.55, 4th section of Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Zhao Y, Simpson BS, Morka N, Freeman A, Kirkham A, Kelly D, Whitaker HC, Emberton M, Norris JM. Comparison of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron-Emission Tomography Imaging in Primary Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143497. [PMID: 35884558 PMCID: PMC9323375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiparametric magnetic-resonance imaging (mpMRI) has proven utility in diagnosing primary prostate cancer. However, the diagnostic potential of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography (PSMA PET) has yet to be established. This study aims to systematically review the current literature comparing the diagnostic performance of mpMRI and PSMA PET imaging to diagnose primary prostate cancer. A systematic literature search was performed up to December 2021. Quality analyses were conducted using the QUADAS-2 tool. The reference standard was whole-mount prostatectomy or prostate biopsy. Statistical analysis involved the pooling of the reported diagnostic performances of each modality, and differences in per-patient and per-lesion analysis were compared using a Fisher’s exact test. Ten articles were included in the meta-analysis. At a per-patient level, the pooled values of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for mpMRI and PSMA PET/CT were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83−0.91) vs. 0.93 (95% CI: 0.90−0.96, p < 0.01); 0.47 (95% CI: 0.23−0.71) vs. 0.54 (95% CI: 0.23−0.84, p > 0.05); and 0.84 vs. 0.91, respectively. At a per-lesion level, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC value for mpMRI and PSMA PET/CT were lower, at 0.63 (95% CI: 0.52−0.74) vs. 0.79 (95% CI: 0.62−0.92, p < 0.001); 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81−0.95) vs. 0.71 (95% CI: 0.47−0.90, p < 0.05); and 0.83 vs. 0.84, respectively. High heterogeneity was observed between studies. PSMA PET/CT may better confirm the presence of prostate cancer than mpMRI. However, both modalities appear comparable in determining the localisation of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Naomi Morka
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Alex Freeman
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK;
| | - Alex Kirkham
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK;
| | - Daniel Kelly
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Hayley C. Whitaker
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (H.C.W.); (M.E.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Mark Emberton
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (H.C.W.); (M.E.); (J.M.N.)
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Joseph M. Norris
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (H.C.W.); (M.E.); (J.M.N.)
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK
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Rajeswaran K, Muzio K, Briones J, Lim-Fat MJ, Tseng CL, Smoragiewicz M, Detsky J, Emmenegger U. Prostate Cancer Brain Metastasis: Review of a Rare Complication with Limited Treatment Options and Poor Prognosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144165. [PMID: 35887929 PMCID: PMC9323816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are perceived as a rare complication of prostate cancer associated with poor outcome. Due to limited published data, we conducted a literature review regarding incidence, clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes of patients with prostate cancer BM. A literature analysis of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases was performed for full-text published articles on patients diagnosed with BM from prostate cancer. Eligible studies included four or more patients. Twenty-seven publications were selected and analyzed. The sources of published patient cohorts were retrospective chart reviews, administrative healthcare databases, autopsy records, and case series. BM are rare, with an incidence of 1.14% across publications that mainly focus on intraparenchymal metastases. Synchronous visceral metastasis and rare histological prostate cancer subtypes are associated with an increased rate of BM. Many patients do not receive brain metastasis-directed local therapy and the median survival after BM diagnosis is poor, notably in patients with multiple BM, dural-based metastases, or leptomeningeal dissemination. Overall, prostate cancer BM are rare and associated with poor prognosis. Future research is needed to study the impact of novel prostate cancer therapeutics on BM incidence, to identify patients at risk of BM, and to characterize molecular treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobisha Rajeswaran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (K.R.); (K.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Kaitlin Muzio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (K.R.); (K.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Juan Briones
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 309 Diagonal Paraguay, Santiago 8330077, Chile;
| | - Mary Jane Lim-Fat
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (C.-L.T.); (J.D.)
| | - Martin Smoragiewicz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (K.R.); (K.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (C.-L.T.); (J.D.)
| | - Urban Emmenegger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (K.R.); (K.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Biological Sciences Research Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-480-4928; Fax: +1-416-480-6002
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172
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Petroni M, Fabretti F, Giulio SD, Robilant VND, Monica VL, Moretti M, Belardinilli F, Bufalieri F, Anna C, Paci P, Corsi A, Smaele ED, Coni S, Canettieri G, Marcotullio LD, Wang ZQ, Giannini G. A gene dosage-dependent effect unveils NBS1 as both a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor and an essential gene for SHH-medulloblastoma. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12837. [PMID: 35839783 PMCID: PMC9542137 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inherited or somatic mutations in the MRE11, RAD50 and NBN genes increase the incidence of tumours, including medulloblastoma (MB). On the other hand, MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1 protein components of the MRN complex are often overexpressed and sometimes essential in cancer. In order to solve the apparent conundrum about the oncosuppressive or oncopromoting role of the MRN complex, we explored the functions of NBS1 in a MB prone animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated and analysed mono- or biallelic deletion of the Nbn gene in the context of the SmoA1 transgenic mouse, a SHH-dependent MB prone animal model. We used normal and tumour tissue from these animal models, primary granule cell progenitors (GCPs) from genetically modified animals, and NBS1-depleted primary MB cells, to uncover the effects of NBS1-depletion by RNA-Seq, by biochemical characterization of the SHH-pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) as well as on the growth and clonogenic properties of GCPs. RESULTS We found that monoallelic Nbn deletion increases SmoA1-dependent MB incidence. In addition to a defective DDR, Nbn+/- GCPs show increased clonogenicity compared to Nbn+/+ GCPs, dependent on an enhanced Notch signalling. In contrast, full NbnKO impairs MB development both in SmoA1 mice and in a SHH-driven tumour allograft. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that Nbn is haploinsufficient for SHH-MB development while full NbnKO is epistatic on SHH-driven MB development, thus revealing a gene dosage-dependent effect of Nbn inactivation on SHH-MB development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Petroni
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Moretti
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Coppa Anna
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Dep. of Computer Engineering, Automation and Management, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science Antonio Ruberti, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Coni
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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Camuzi D, Buexm LA, Lourenço SDQC, Grazziotin R, Guaraldi S, Valverde P, Rapozo D, Brooks JM, Mehanna H, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Soares-lima SC. FBXL7 Body Hypomethylation Is Frequent in Tumors from the Digestive and Respiratory Tracts and Is Associated with Risk-Factor Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7801. [PMID: 35887149 PMCID: PMC9316635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the main histological tumor type in the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), including the esophagus (ESCC) and the head and neck sites, as well as the oral cavity (OCSCC), larynx (LSCC) and oropharynx (OPSCC). These tumors are induced by alcohol and tobacco exposure, with the exception of a subgroup of OPSCC linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Few genes are frequently mutated in UADT tumors, pointing to other molecular mechanisms being involved during carcinogenesis. The F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 7 (FBXL7) is a potential tumor-suppressing gene, one that is frequently hypermethylated in pancreatic cancer and where the encoded protein promotes the degradation of AURKA, BIRC5 and c-SRC. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the methylation and expression profile of FBXL7 in the UADT and the gene’s association with the clinical, etiological and pathological characteristics of patients, as well as the expression of its degradation targets. Here we show that the FBXL7 gene’s body is hypomethylated in the UADT, independently of histology, but not in virus-associated tumors. FBXL7 body methylation and gene expression levels were correlated in the ESCC, LSCC, OCSCC and OPSCC. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that FBXL7 protein levels are not correlated with the levels of its degradation targets, AURKA and BIRC5, in the UADT. The high discriminatory potential of FBXL7 body hypomethylation between non-tumor and tumor tissues makes it a promising biomarker.
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174
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Kang S, Park HW, Han KH. Antibodies Regulate Dual-Function Enzyme IYD to Induce Functional Synergy between Metabolism and Thermogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7834. [PMID: 35887180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) is a type of deiodinase enzyme that scavenges iodide from the thyroid gland. Previously, we showed that H3 Ab acts as an agonist on IYD to induce migration of cells to the heart and differentiate human stem cells into brown adipocyte-like cells. To continue this study, we investigated the dual function of IYD in hypothyroidism by blocking IYD and in thermogenesis by looking at the induction of brown adipocyte-like cells by treatment with H3 Ab in a mouse model. Surprisingly, our results suggest H3 Ab acts on IYD as both an antagonist and agonist to reduce T4 and increase core body temperature in the mouse model. Taken together, the data suggest IYD has a dual function that can regulate physiological metabolism and enhance thermogenesis.
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175
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Minemura C, Asai S, Koma A, Kikkawa N, Kato M, Kasamatsu A, Uzawa K, Hanazawa T, Seki N. Identification of Antitumor miR-30e-5p Controlled Genes; Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071225. [PMID: 35886008 PMCID: PMC9322981 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has revealed that the miR-30 family is frequently downregulated in cancer tissues. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database confirms that all members of the miR-30 family (except miR-30c-5p) are downregulated in HNSCC tissues. Moreover, low expression of miR-30e-5p and miR-30c-1-3p significantly predicts shorter survival of HNSCC patients (p = 0.0081 and p = 0.0224, respectively). In this study, we focused on miR-30e-5p to investigate its tumor-suppressive roles and its control of oncogenic genes in HNSCC cells. Transient expression of miR-30e-5p significantly attenuated cancer cell migration and invasive abilities in HNSCC cells. Nine genes (DDIT4, FOXD1, FXR1, FZD2, HMGB3, MINPP1, PAWR, PFN2, and RTN4R) were identified as putative targets of miR-30e-5p control. Their expression levels significantly predicted shorter survival of HNSCC patients (p < 0.05). Among those targets, FOXD1 expression appeared to be an independent factor predicting patient survival according to multivariate Cox regression analysis (p = 0.049). Knockdown assays using siRNAs corresponding to FOXD1 showed that malignant phenotypes (e.g., cell proliferation, migration, and invasive abilities) of HNSCC cells were significantly suppressed. Overexpression of FOXD1 was confirmed by immunostaining of HNSCC clinical specimens. Our miRNA-based approach is an effective strategy for the identification of prognostic markers and therapeutic target molecules in HNSCC. Moreover, these findings led to insights into the molecular pathogenesis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikashi Minemura
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Shunichi Asai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (S.A.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Ayaka Koma
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Naoko Kikkawa
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (S.A.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Mayuko Kato
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (S.A.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (S.A.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-226-2971; Fax: +81-43-227-3442
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Jia L, Li C, Bi X, Wei F, Meng J, Sun G, Yu H, Dong H, Li B, Cao Y, Wang L, Jiang A. Prognostic Value of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index among Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143978. [PMID: 35887742 PMCID: PMC9319546 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Evidence regarding the prognostic effect of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in critically ill patients with AKI is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the association between SII and all-cause mortality in these patients. Detailed clinical data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Database (MIMIC)-IV. The primary outcome was set as the in-hospital mortality. A total of 10,764 AKI patients were enrolled in this study. The restricted cubic splines analyses showed a J-shaped curve between SII and the risk of in-hospital and ICU mortality. After adjusting for relevant confounders, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that both lower and higher SII levels were associated with an elevated risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality. A similar trend was observed for ICU mortality. In summary, we found that the SII was associated in a J-shaped pattern with all-cause mortality among critically ill patients with AKI. SII appears to be have potential applications in the clinical setting as a novel and easily accessible biomarker for predicting the prognosis of AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jia
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China;
| | - Xueqing Bi
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Guijiang Sun
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hongye Dong
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yueqi Cao
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (A.J.); Tel.: +86-022-8832-6796 (L.W.); +86-022-8832-6563 (A.J.)
| | - Aili Jiang
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; (L.J.); (X.B.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (H.Y.); (H.D.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (A.J.); Tel.: +86-022-8832-6796 (L.W.); +86-022-8832-6563 (A.J.)
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Crocetto F, Russo G, Di Zazzo E, Pisapia P, Mirto BF, Palmieri A, Pepe F, Bellevicine C, Russo A, La Civita E, Terracciano D, Malapelle U, Troncone G, Barone B. Liquid Biopsy in Prostate Cancer Management—Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133272. [PMID: 35805043 PMCID: PMC9265840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is a widespread malignancy, representing the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. In the last years, liquid biopsy has emerged as an attractive and promising strategy complementary to invasive tissue biopsy to guide PCa diagnosis, follow-up and treatment response. Liquid biopsy is employed to assess several body fluids biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and RNA (ctRNA). This review dissects recent advancements and future perspectives of liquid biopsy, highlighting its strength and weaknesses in PCa management. Abstract Although appreciable attempts in screening and diagnostic approaches have been achieved, prostate cancer (PCa) remains a widespread malignancy, representing the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Drugs currently used in PCa therapy initially show a potent anti-tumor effect, but frequently induce resistance and PCa progresses toward metastatic castration-resistant forms (mCRPC), virtually incurable. Liquid biopsy has emerged as an attractive and promising strategy complementary to invasive tissue biopsy to guide PCa diagnosis and treatment. Liquid biopsy shows the ability to represent the tumor microenvironment, allow comprehensive information and follow-up the progression of the tumor, enabling the development of different treatment strategies as well as permitting the monitoring of therapy response. Liquid biopsy, indeed, is endowed with a significant potential to modify PCa management. Several blood biomarkers could be analyzed for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive purposes, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and RNA (ctRNA). In addition, several other body fluids may be adopted (i.e., urine, sperm, etc.) beyond blood. This review dissects recent advancements and future perspectives of liquid biopsies, highlighting their strength and weaknesses in PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.F.M.); (A.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Gianluca Russo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (P.P.); (F.P.); (C.B.); (U.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Pasquale Pisapia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (P.P.); (F.P.); (C.B.); (U.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Benito Fabio Mirto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.F.M.); (A.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.F.M.); (A.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (P.P.); (F.P.); (C.B.); (U.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Claudio Bellevicine
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (P.P.); (F.P.); (C.B.); (U.M.); (G.T.)
| | | | - Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (P.P.); (F.P.); (C.B.); (U.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (P.P.); (F.P.); (C.B.); (U.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.F.M.); (A.P.); (B.B.)
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178
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Bergshoeff VE, Balkenhol MCA, Haesevoets A, Ruland A, Chenault MN, Nelissen RC, Peutz CJ, Clarijs R, Van der Laak JAWM, Takes RP, Van den Brekel MW, Van Velthuysen MF, Ramaekers FCS, Kremer B, Speel EM. Evaluation Criteria for Chromosome Instability Detection by FISH to Predict Malignant Progression in Premalignant Glottic Laryngeal Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 35805032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The definition of objective, clinically applicable evaluation criteria for FISH 1c/7c in laryngeal precursor lesions for the detection of chromosome instability (CI). Copy Number Variations (CNV) for chromosomes 1 and 7 reflect the general ploidy status of premalignant head and neck lesions and can therefore be used as a marker for CI. Methods: We performed dual-target FISH for chromosomes 1 and 7 centromeres on 4 µm formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 87 laryngeal premalignancies to detect CNVs. Thirty-five normal head and neck squamous cell samples were used as a control. First, the chromosome 7:1 ratio (CR) was evaluated per lesion. The normal range of CRs (≥0.84 ≤ 1.16) was based on the mean CR +/− 3 x SD found in the normal population. Second, the percentage of aberrant nuclei, harboring > 2 chromosomes of chromosome 1 and/or 7 (PAN), was established (cut-off value for abnormal PAN ≥ 10%). Results: PAN showed a stronger correlation with malignant progression than CR (resp. OR 5.6, p = 0.001 and OR 3.8, p = 0.009). PAN combined with histopathology resulted in a prognostic model with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.75 (s.e. 0.061, sensitivity 71%, specificity 70%). Conclusions: evaluation criteria for FISH 1c/7c based on PAN ≥ 10% provide the best prognostic information on the risk of malignant progression of premalignant laryngeal lesions as compared with criteria based on the CR. FISH 1c/7c detection can be applied in combination with histopathological assessment.
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179
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Chen H, Hu K, Xie Y, Qi Y, Li W, He Y, Fan S, Liu W, Li C. CDK1 Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Migration of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cells by Repressing ∆Np63α-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137385. [PMID: 35806389 PMCID: PMC9266818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
∆Np63α is a key transcription factor overexpressed in types of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which represses epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. In this study, we found that CDK1 phosphorylates ∆Np63α at the T123 site, impairing its affinity to the target promoters of its downstream genes and its regulation of them in turn. Database analysis revealed that CDK1 is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), especially the metastatic HNSCCs, and is negatively correlated with overall survival. We further found that CDK1 promotes the EMT and migration of HNSCC cells by inhibiting ∆Np63α. Altogether, our study identified CDK1 as a novel regulator of ΔNp63α, which can modulate EMT and cell migration in HNSCCs. Our findings will help to elucidate the migration mechanism of HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (H.C.); (K.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Q.); (S.F.)
| | - Ke Hu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (H.C.); (K.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Q.); (S.F.)
| | - Ying Xie
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (H.C.); (K.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Q.); (S.F.)
| | - Yucheng Qi
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (H.C.); (K.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Q.); (S.F.)
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.L.); (Y.H.); (W.L.)
| | - Yaohui He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.L.); (Y.H.); (W.L.)
| | - Shijie Fan
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (H.C.); (K.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Q.); (S.F.)
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.L.); (Y.H.); (W.L.)
| | - Chenghua Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (H.C.); (K.H.); (Y.X.); (Y.Q.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence:
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180
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Lüdde T, Boulter L. Joining the dots - NEDDylation in cancer cells regulates the tumour environment in cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2022; 77:12-14. [PMID: 35490843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lüdde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
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181
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Chuang C, Lin C, Su C, Chen Y, Yang W, Yang S, Su S. Deoxyshikonin Mediates Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction and Apoptotic Response via p38 Signaling in Tongue Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7115. [PMID: 35806120 PMCID: PMC9266306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyshikonin (DSK), a phytochemical constituent, has been documented to elicit various oncostatic properties alone or in combination with established therapeutics. However, its role in restraining oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is mostly unclear. Here, we examined the tumor-suppressive effect of DSK and explored the molecular mechanisms underlying DSK’s activities on controlling oral cancer. Our results showed that DSK dose-dependently lessened the cell viability of tongue cancer cell lines, involving induction of cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase and apoptotic cell death. Moreover, a unique signature of apoptosis-related proteins, including augmented nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase activation, was observed in DSK-treated tongue cancer cell lines. Furthermore, DSK-mediated upregulation of HO-1 and cleavage of caspase-9 and -3 were significantly inhibited by pharmacological blockage of p38 kinase. Collectively, these data revealed that DSK halted cell cycle progression and elicited cell apoptosis in tongue cancer cell lines, reshaping a p38-dependent profile of apoptotic proteome. Our findings provided novel insights into the therapeutic implications of a natural compound on the management of OSCC.
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182
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Vieira GV, Somera dos Santos F, Lepique AP, da Fonseca CK, Innocentini LMAR, Braz-Silva PH, Quintana SM, Sales KU. Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133038. [PMID: 35804810 PMCID: PMC9264903 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a sexually transmitted disease with high prevalence worldwide. Although most HPV infections do not lead to cancer, some HPV types are correlated with the majority of cervical cancers, and with some anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Moreover, enzymes known as proteases play an essential role in the pathogenic process in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. This review highlights the role of proteases and recent epidemiological data regarding HPV-dependent carcinogenesis. Abstract Persistent infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesions. Moreover, HPV is also associated with oropharynx and other anogenital carcinomas. Cancer-causing HPV viruses classified as group 1 carcinogens include 12 HPV types, with HPV 16 and 18 being the most prevalent. High-risk HPVs express two oncoproteins, E6 and E7, the products of which are responsible for the inhibition of p53 and pRB proteins, respectively, in human keratinocytes and cellular immortalization. p53 and pRB are pleiotropic proteins that regulate the activity of several signaling pathways and gene expression. Among the important factors that are augmented in HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, proteases not only control processes involved in cellular carcinogenesis but also control the microenvironment. For instance, genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) are associated with carcinoma invasiveness. Similarly, the serine protease inhibitors hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) and -2 (HAI-2) have been identified as prognostic markers for HPV-dependent cervical carcinomas. This review highlights the most crucial mechanisms involved in HPV-dependent carcinogenesis, and includes a section on the proteolytic cascades that are important for the progression of this disease and their impact on patient health, treatment, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Viliod Vieira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.V.V.); (C.K.d.F.); (L.M.A.R.I.)
| | - Fernanda Somera dos Santos
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (F.S.d.S.); (S.M.Q.)
| | - Ana Paula Lepique
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carol Kobori da Fonseca
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.V.V.); (C.K.d.F.); (L.M.A.R.I.)
| | - Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.V.V.); (C.K.d.F.); (L.M.A.R.I.)
- Clinical Hospital of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Quintana
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (F.S.d.S.); (S.M.Q.)
| | - Katiuchia Uzzun Sales
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.V.V.); (C.K.d.F.); (L.M.A.R.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9113
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183
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Wei Z, Wang Y, Peng J, Li H, Gu J, Ji N, Li T, Zhou X, Zeng X, Li J, Chen Q. CircRFWD3 promotes HNSCC metastasis by modulating miR-27a/b/PPARγ signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:285. [PMID: 35690612 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world, the 5-year survival rate of patients with HNSCC is still about 50% due to frequent metastasis and recurrence. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been characterized as key regulators of gene expression in numerous malignancies. However, the role of circRNA in HNSCC metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the circRFWD3 was significantly upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cell lines by circRNA microarray analysis and qPCR. Notably, high expression of circRFWD3 is related to highly aggressive HNSCC cell lines and lymph node metastasis in HNSCC patients. After that, Sanger sequencing, RNase R, and actinomycin D assay were performed to verify the ring structure of circRFWD3. Then functional experiments found it could promote the metastasis of HNSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, FISH, RIP, RNA pull-down, RNA-seq, and western blot experiments were employed and found that circRFWD3 served as a miRNAs sponge for miR-27a/27b, leading to the upregulation of PPARγ, and then promoted HNSCC metastasis via NF-κB/MMP13 pathway. Finally, ISH and IHC were carried out to determine the expression levels and clinical significances of circRFWD3 and PPARγ in clinical cohorts of HNSCC. According to the analysis results from two independent HNSCC cohorts, upregulated expression of circRFWD3 and PPARγ were positively associated with worse survival in patients with HNSCC. Overall, our results uncover that circRFWD3 acts a critical role in promoting the aggressiveness of HNSCC cells and is a prognostic marker for the disease, indicating that circRFWD3 may act as a potential therapeutic target in HNSCC.
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184
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Wiggins RH, Hoffman JM, Fine GC, Covington MF, Salem AE, Koppula BR, Morton KA. PET-CT in Clinical Adult Oncology-V. Head and Neck and Neuro Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112726. [PMID: 35681709 PMCID: PMC9179458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Positron emission tomography (PET), typically combined with computed tomography (CT) has become a critical advanced imaging technique in oncology. With PET-CT, a radioactive molecule (radiotracer) is injected in the bloodstream and localizes to sites of tumor because of specific cellular features of the tumor that accumulate the targeting radiotracer. The CT scan, performed at the same time, provides information to facilitate attenuation correction, so that radioactivity from deep or dense structures can be better visualized, but with head and neck malignancies it is critical to provide correlating detailed anatomic imaging. PET-CT has a variety of applications in oncology, including staging, therapeutic response assessment, restaging, and surveillance. This series of six review articles provides an overview of the value, applications, and imaging and interpretive strategies of PET-CT in the more common adult malignancies. The fifth report in this series provides a review of PET-CT imaging in head and neck and neuro oncology. Abstract PET-CT is an advanced imaging modality with many oncologic applications, including staging, assessment of response to therapy, restaging, and longitudinal surveillance for recurrence. The goal of this series of six review articles is to provide practical information to providers and imaging professionals regarding the best use of PET-CT for specific oncologic indications, and the potential pitfalls and nuances that characterize these applications. In addition, key tumor-specific clinical information and representative PET-CT images are provided to outline the role that PET-CT plays in the management of oncology patients. Hundreds of different types of tumors exist, both pediatric and adult. A discussion of the role of FDG PET for all of these is beyond the scope of this review. Rather, this series of articles focuses on the most common adult malignancies that may be encountered in clinical practice. It also focuses on FDA-approved and clinically available radiopharmaceuticals, rather than research tracers or those requiring a local cyclotron. The fifth review article in this series focuses on PET-CT imaging in head and neck tumors, as well as brain tumors. Common normal variants, key anatomic features, and benign mimics of these tumors are reviewed. The goal of this review article is to provide the imaging professional with guidance in the interpretation of PET-CT for the more common head and neck malignancies and neuro oncology, and to inform the referring providers so that they can have realistic expectations of the value and limitations of PET-CT for the specific type of tumor being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. Wiggins
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.H.W.); (J.M.H.); (G.C.F.); (M.F.C.); (A.E.S.); (B.R.K.)
| | - John M. Hoffman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.H.W.); (J.M.H.); (G.C.F.); (M.F.C.); (A.E.S.); (B.R.K.)
| | - Gabriel C. Fine
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.H.W.); (J.M.H.); (G.C.F.); (M.F.C.); (A.E.S.); (B.R.K.)
| | - Matthew F. Covington
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.H.W.); (J.M.H.); (G.C.F.); (M.F.C.); (A.E.S.); (B.R.K.)
| | - Ahmed Ebada Salem
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.H.W.); (J.M.H.); (G.C.F.); (M.F.C.); (A.E.S.); (B.R.K.)
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Intervention, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Bhasker R. Koppula
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.H.W.); (J.M.H.); (G.C.F.); (M.F.C.); (A.E.S.); (B.R.K.)
| | - Kathryn A. Morton
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.H.W.); (J.M.H.); (G.C.F.); (M.F.C.); (A.E.S.); (B.R.K.)
- Intermountain Healthcare Hospitals, Summit Physician Specialists, Murray, UT 84123, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-581-7553
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185
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Bollwein C, Gonҫalves JPL, Utpatel K, Weichert W, Schwamborn K. MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging for the Distinction of Adenocarcinomas of the Pancreas and Biliary Tree. Molecules 2022; 27:3464. [PMID: 35684402 PMCID: PMC9182561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma constitute two aggressive tumor types that originate from the epithelial lining of the excretory ducts of the pancreatobiliary tract. Given their close histomorphological resemblance, a correct diagnosis can be challenging and almost impossible without clinical information. In this study, we investigated whether mass spectrometric peptide features could be employed to distinguish pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from cholangiocarcinoma. Three tissue microarrays of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material (FFPE) comprising 41 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 41 cases of cholangiocarcinoma were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). The derived peptide features and respective intensities were used to build different supervised classification algorithms: gradient boosting (GB), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). On a pixel-by-pixel level, a classification accuracy of up to 95% could be achieved. The tentative identification of discriminative tryptic peptide signatures revealed proteins that are involved in the epigenetic regulation of the genome and tumor microenvironment. Despite their histomorphological similarities, mass spectrometry imaging represents an efficient and reliable approach for the distinction of PDAC from CC, offering a promising complementary or alternative approach to the existing tools used in diagnostics such as immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bollwein
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.P.L.G.); (W.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Juliana Pereira Lopes Gonҫalves
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.P.L.G.); (W.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.P.L.G.); (W.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.P.L.G.); (W.W.); (K.S.)
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Moore EE, Moore HB, Sauaia A. Reply to 'The role of tranexamic acid in trauma - a life-saving drug with proven benefit'. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:35. [PMID: 35618800 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Triaca V, Fico E, Rosso P, Ralli M, Corsi A, Severini C, Crevenna A, Agostinelli E, Rullo E, Riminucci M, Colizza A, Polimeni A, Greco A, Tirassa P. Pilot Investigation on p75ICD Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112622. [PMID: 35681602 PMCID: PMC9179539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75NTR) expression and cleavage product p75NTR Intracellular Domain (p75ICD) as potential oncogenic and metastatic markers in human Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC). p75NTR is highly expressed in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) of the laryngeal epithelia and it has been proposed as a marker for stemness, cell migration, and chemo-resistance in different squamous carcinomas. To investigate the clinical significance of p75NTR cleavage products in solid tumors, full-length and cleaved p75NTR expression was analyzed in laryngeal primary tumors from different-stage LSCC patients, diagnosed at the Policlinico Umberto I Hospital. Molecular and histological techniques were used to detect the expressions of p75NTR and p75ICD, and ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2), a CSC marker. We found regulated p75NTR cleavage during squamous epithelial tumor progression and tissue invasion. Our preliminary investigation suggests p75ICD expression and localization as possible features of tumorigenesis and metastaticity. Its co-localization with ABCG2 in squamous cells in the parenchyma invaded by the tumor formation allows us to hypothesize p75NTR and p75ICD roles in tumor invasion and CSC spreading in LSCC patients. These data might represent a starting point for a comprehensive analysis of p75NTR cleavage and of its clinical relevance as a potential molecular LSCC signature, possibly helping diagnosis, and improving prognosis and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Triaca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), International Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Elena Fico
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Pamela Rosso
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (E.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Alvaro Crevenna
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, International Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Emma Rullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (E.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (E.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrea Colizza
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.T.)
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Alzawi A, Iftikhar A, Shalgm B, Jones S, Ellis I, Islam M. Receptor, Signal, Nucleus, Action: Signals That Pass through Akt on the Road to Head and Neck Cancer Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112606. [PMID: 35681586 PMCID: PMC9179418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ecosystem that surrounds a tumour, the microenvironment, has a huge impact on the spread of cancer, but its exact role in the molecular mechanism of spreading is still under scrutiny. This literature review aims to focus on the evidence published on the production of growth factors or proteins from the tumour microenvironment, which initiate signals in cancer cells. This review provides evidence that when Akt, a signalling protein, is activated by different growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor α/β, vascular endothelial growth factor and nerve growth factor, head and neck cancer cell spreading is stimulated. In a nutshell, it demonstrates that the tumour microenvironment plays an important role in cancer spreading by synthesising and secreting growth factors and suggests that targeting growth-factor-activated Akt in combination therapy could be a valuable therapeutic approach in treating head and neck cancer patients. Abstract This review aims to provide evidence for the role of the tumour microenvironment in cancer progression, including invasion and metastasis. The tumour microenvironment is complex and consists of tumour cells and stromal-derived cells, in addition to a modified extracellular matrix. The cellular components synthesise growth factors such as EGF, TGFα and β, VEGF, and NGF, which have been shown to initiate paracrine signalling in head and neck cancer cells by binding to cell surface receptors. One example is the phosphorylation, and hence activation, of the signalling protein Akt, which can ultimately induce oral cancer cell migration in vitro. Blocking of Akt activation by an inhibitor, MK2206, leads to a significant decrease, in vitro, of cancer-derived cell migration, visualised in both wound healing and scatter assays. Signalling pathways have therefore been popular targets for the design of chemotherapeutic agents, but drug resistance has been observed and is related to direct tumour–tumour cell communication, the tumour–extracellular matrix interface, and tumour–stromal cell interactions. Translation of this knowledge to patient care is reliant upon a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships present in the tumour microenvironment and could ultimately lead to the design of efficacious treatment regimens such as targeted therapy or novel therapeutic combinations.
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Dai XY, Hu Q, Yao JQ, Wu XJ, Miao YF, Li J, Wan MH, Tang WF. Zengye Decoction Attenuated Severe Acute Pancreatitis Complicated with Acute Kidney Injury by Modulating the Gut Microbiome and Serum Amino Acid Metabolome. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:1588786. [PMID: 35586694 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1588786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect and underlying mechanism of Zengye decoction (ZYD), a traditional formula from China, on the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rat model with acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods The SAP-AKI model was induced by 3.5% sodium taurocholate. Rats were treated with normal saline or ZYD twice and sacrificed at 36 h after modeling. Amylase, lipase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, kidney injury molecule 1(KIM-1), and multiple organs' pathological examinations were used to assess the protective effect of ZYD. Gut microbiome detected by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and serum amino acid metabolome analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry explained the underlying mechanism. The Spearman correlation analysis presented the relationship between microflora and metabolites. Results ZYD significantly decreased KIM-1(P < 0.05) and the pathological score of the pancreas (P < 0.05), colon (P < 0.05), and kidney (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, ZYD shifted the overall gut microbial structure (β-diversity, ANOSIM R = 0.14, P=0.025) and altered the microbial compositions. Notably, ZYD reduced the potentially pathogenic bacteria—Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales vadin BB60 group, and uncultured_Clostridiales_bacterium, but promoted the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers—Erysipelotrichaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Moryella (all P < 0.05). Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) presented a remarkable change in amino acid metabolome after SAP-AKI induction and an apparent regulation by ZYD treatment (R2Y 0.878, P=0.01; Q2 0.531, P=0.01). Spearman's correlation analysis suggested that gut bacteria likely influenced serum metabolites levels (absolute r > 0.4 and FDR P < 0.02). Conclusions ZYD attenuated SAP-AKI by modulating the gut microbiome and serum amino acid metabolome, which may be a promising adjuvant treatment.
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Rocha SM, Socorro S, Passarinha LA, Maia CJ. Comprehensive Landscape of STEAP Family Members Expression in Human Cancers: Unraveling the Potential Usefulness in Clinical Practice Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Data 2022; 7:64. [DOI: 10.3390/data7050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP) family comprises STEAP1-4. Several studies have pointed out STEAP proteins as putative biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets in several types of human cancers, particularly in prostate cancer. However, the relationships and significance of the expression pattern of STEAP1-4 in cancer cases are barely known. Herein, the Oncomine database and cBioPortal platform were selected to predict the differential expression levels of STEAP members and clinical prognosis. The most common expression pattern observed was the combination of the over- and underexpression of distinct STEAP genes, but cervical and gastric cancer and lymphoma showed overexpression of all STEAP genes. It was also found that STEAP genes’ expression levels were already deregulated in benign lesions. Regarding the prognostic value, it was found that STEAP1 (prostate), STEAP2 (brain and central nervous system), STEAP3 (kidney, leukemia and testicular) and STEAP4 (bladder, cervical, gastric) overexpression correlate with lower patient survival rate. However, in prostate cancer, overexpression of the STEAP4 gene was correlated with a higher survival rate. Overall, this study first showed that the expression levels of STEAP genes are highly variable in human cancers, which may be related to different patients’ outcomes.
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Ojetti V, Saviano A, Brigida M, Petruzziello C, Caronna M, Gayani G, Franceschi F. Randomized control trial on the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in reducing inflammatory markers in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:496-502. [PMID: 35045564 PMCID: PMC9936969 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent guidelines suggest treating acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) without antibiotics. We tested the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in AUD. Primary outcome was the reduction of abdominal pain and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (C-RP) and calprotectin]. Secondary outcome was the reduction of hours of hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 119 patients with AUD. The probiotic group (61 patients) was treated with fluids, bowel rest and L. reuteri/b.i.d. for 10 days. The placebo group (58 patients) was treated with the same therapy and placebo/b.i.d. for 10 days. All patients completed a daily visual analogue scale (VAS) for abdominal pain. RESULTS Both groups showed a mean VAS score of 7 at enrolment and a reduction of 4 points after 3 days. C-RP value, after 72 h, decreased by 58.8% in the probiotic group and by only 40% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Calprotectin levels, after 72 h, decreased by 17% in the probiotic group and by only 10.6% in the control group (P < 0.05). In the probiotic group, the hospitalization was done for 75.5 h compared to 83.5 in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The supplementation with L. reuteri 4659 together with bowel rest and fluids significantly reduced both blood and faecal inflammatory markers compared to the placebo group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ojetti
- Emergency Department – Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma
- Emergency Department – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - Angela Saviano
- Emergency Department – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - Mattia Brigida
- Emergency Department – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | | | - Martina Caronna
- Emergency Department – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | | | - Francesco Franceschi
- Emergency Department – Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma
- Emergency Department – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
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Lee C, Kim J. Genome maintenance in retinoblastoma: Implications for therapeutic vulnerabilities (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:192. [PMID: 35527780 PMCID: PMC9073582 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a pediatric ocular malignancy that is initiated mostly by biallelic inactivation of the RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor gene in the developing retina. Unlike the prevailing prediction based on multiple studies involving RB1 gene disruption in experimental models, human RB tumors have been demonstrated to possess a relatively stable genome, characterized by a low mutation rate and a few recurrent chromosomal alterations related to somatic copy number changes. This suggests that RB may harbor heightened genome maintenance mechanisms to counteract or compensate for the risk of massive genome instability, which can potentially be driven by the early RB1 loss as a tumor-initiating event. Although the genome maintenance mechanisms might have been evolved to promote RB cell survival by preventing lethal genomic defects, emerging evidence suggests that the dependency of RB cells on these mechanisms also exposes their unique vulnerability to chemotherapy, particularly when the genome maintenance machineries are tumor cell-specific. This review summarizes the genome maintenance mechanisms identified in RB, including findings on the roles of chromatin regulators in DNA damage response/repair and protein factors involved in maintaining chromosome stability and promoting survival in RB. In addition, advantages and challenges for exploiting these therapeutic vulnerabilities in RB are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jong Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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He Q, Dong H, Gong M, Guo Y, Xia Q, Gong J, Lu F. New Therapeutic Horizon of Graves' Hyperthyroidism: Treatment Regimens Based on Immunology and Ingredients From Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862831. [PMID: 35462920 PMCID: PMC9020194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by goiter and hyperthyroidism, and 25% patients develop GO. Traditional treatment options, such as antithyroid drugs, radioiodine or thyroidectomy, have remained largely unchanged over the past 70 years. For many patients, there is a high rate of recurrence after antithyroid drugs and lifelong hypothyroidism after ablation and thyroidectomy. The symptoms and quality of life of some patients have not been effectively improved. The clinical demand for new therapeutic regimens, coupled with a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology and immunobiology of Graves’ disease, has led to the emergence of several new therapeutic ideas, including biologics, small molecule peptides, immunomodulators and teprotumumab, a specific antibody targeting IGF-1R. Besides, the elements of TCM have attracted more and more interests in modern medicine, because some effective components have been successfully used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Based on the pathophysiology and efficacy of clinical management and treatment in Graves’ hyperthyroidism, here we review the new strategies under investigation and summarize the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine used for Graves’ hyperthyroidism, and explore their mechanisms. These therapies have opened a new window for the treatment of Graves’ disease, but the exact mechanism and the research direction still need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao He
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Grade 2017 of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical School, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minmin Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Xia
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Riechelmann H, Dejaco D, Steinbichler TB, Lettenbichler-Haug A, Anegg M, Ganswindt U, Gamerith G, Riedl D. Functional Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092135. [PMID: 35565265 PMCID: PMC9099625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With increasing long-term survivorship of head and neck cancer (HNC), the functional outcomes are gaining importance. Recently, a tool for the rapid clinical assessment of the functional status in HNC-patients based on observable clinical criteria, termed “HNC-Functional InTegrity (FIT) Scales, was validated. Here, the functional outcomes of 681 newly diagnosed HNC-patients were reported using the HNC-FIT Scales. A normal/near-normal outcome in all six functional domains was observed in 61% of patients, with individual scores of 79% for food intake, 89% for breathing, 84% for speech, 89% for pain, 92% for mood, and 88% for neck and shoulder mobility. Clinically relevant impairment in at least one functional domain was observed in 30% of patients, and 9% had loss of function in at least one functional domain. Thus, clinically relevant persistent functional deficits in at least one functional domain must be expected in 40% of HNC-patients. The treatment of these functional deficits is an essential task of oncologic follow-up. Abstract With the increase in long-term survivorship of head and neck cancer (HNC), the functional outcomes are gaining importance. We reported the functional outcomes of HNC patients using the HNC-Functional InTegrity (FIT) Scales, which is a validated tool for the rapid clinical assessment of functional status based on observable clinical criteria. Patients with newly diagnosed HNC treated at the Medical University of Innsbruck between 2008 and 2020 were consecutively included, and their status in the six functional domains of food-intake, breathing, speech, pain, mood, and neck and shoulder mobility was scored by the treating physician at oncological follow-up visits on a scale from 0 (loss of function) to 4 (full function). HNC-FIT scales were available for 681 HNC patients at a median of 35 months after diagnosis. The response status was complete remission in 79.5%, 18.1% had recurrent or persistent disease, and 2.4% had a second primary HNC. Normal or near-normal scores (3 and 4) were seen in 78.6% for food intake, 88.7% for breathing, 83.7% for speech, 89% for pain, 91.8% for mood, and 87.5% for neck and shoulder mobility. A normal or near-normal outcome in all six functional domains was observed in 61% of patients. Clinically relevant impairment (score 1–2) in at least one functional domain was observed in 30%, and 9% had loss of function (score 0) in at least one functional domain. The main factors associated with poor functional outcome in a multivariable analysis were recurrence or persistent disease, poor general health (ASA III and IV), and higher T stage. Particularly, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors impaired breathing and speech function, and primary radiation therapy or concomitant systemic therapy and radiotherapy worsened food intake. Clinically relevant persistent functional deficits in at least one functional domain must be expected in 40% of the patients with HNC. The treatment of these functional deficits is an essential task of oncologic follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (H.R.); (T.B.S.); (A.L.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Daniel Dejaco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (H.R.); (T.B.S.); (A.L.-H.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-23142
| | - Teresa Bernadette Steinbichler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (H.R.); (T.B.S.); (A.L.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Anna Lettenbichler-Haug
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (H.R.); (T.B.S.); (A.L.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Anegg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (H.R.); (T.B.S.); (A.L.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Gabriele Gamerith
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - David Riedl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Bauman JE, Hsu CH, Centuori S, Guillen-Rodriguez J, Garland LL, Ho E, Padi M, Bageerathan V, Bengtson L, Wojtowicz M, Szabo E, Chow HHS. Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092129. [PMID: 35565256 PMCID: PMC9105060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of cruciferous vegetables, rich in the isothiocyanate glucoraphanin, is associated with reduced risk of tobacco-related cancers. Sulforaphane, released by hydrolysis of glucoraphanin, potently induces cytoprotective phase II enzymes. Sulforaphane decreased the incidence of oral cancer in the 4NQO carcinogenesis model. In residents of Qidong, China, broccoli seed and sprout extracts (BSSE) increased detoxification of air pollutants benzene and acrolein, also found in tobacco smoke. This randomized, crossover trial evaluated detoxification of tobacco carcinogens by the BSSE Avmacol® in otherwise healthy smokers. Participants were treated for 2 weeks with both low and higher-dose BSSE (148 µmol vs. 296 µmol of glucoraphanin daily), separated by a 2-week washout, with randomization to low-high vs. high-low sequence. The primary endpoint was detoxification of benzene, measured by urinary excretion of its mercapturic acid, SPMA. Secondary endpoints included bioavailability, detoxification of acrolein and crotonaldehyde, modulation by GST genotype, and toxicity. Forty-nine participants enrolled, including 26 (53%) females with median use of 20 cigarettes/day. Low and higher-dose BSSE showed a mean bioavailability of 11% and 10%, respectively. Higher-dose BSSE significantly upregulated urinary excretion of the mercapturic acids of benzene (p = 0.04), acrolein (p < 0.01), and crotonaldehyde (p = 0.02), independent of GST genotype. Retention and compliance were high resulting in early study completion. In conclusion, BSSE significantly upregulated detoxification of the tobacco carcinogens benzene, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde in current tobacco smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Bauman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona (UA) and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.C.); (L.L.G.); (H.-H.S.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, George Washington (GW) University and GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UA and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Sara Centuori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona (UA) and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.C.); (L.L.G.); (H.-H.S.C.)
| | - Jose Guillen-Rodriguez
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (M.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Linda L. Garland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona (UA) and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.C.); (L.L.G.); (H.-H.S.C.)
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Megha Padi
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (M.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, UA, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Vignesh Bageerathan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (M.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Lisa Bengtson
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.B.); (M.W.); (E.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Wojtowicz
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.B.); (M.W.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Szabo
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.B.); (M.W.); (E.S.)
| | - H.-H. Sherry Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona (UA) and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.C.); (L.L.G.); (H.-H.S.C.)
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Abstract
The biliary system is comprised of cholangiocytes and plays an important role in maintaining liver function. Under normal conditions, cholangiocytes remain in the stationary phase and maintain a very low turnover rate. However, the robust biliary repair is initiated in disease conditions, and different repair mechanisms can be activated depending on the pathological changes. During biliary disease, immune cells including monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and mast cells are recruited to the liver. The cellular interactions between cholangiocytes and these recruited immune cells as well as hepatic resident immune cells, including Kupffer cells, determine disease outcomes. However, the role of immune cells in the initiation, regulation, and suspension of biliary repair remains elusive. The cellular processes of cholangiocyte proliferation, progenitor cell differentiation, and hepatocyte-cholangiocyte transdifferentiation during biliary diseases are reviewed to manifest the underlying mechanism of biliary repair. Furthermore, the potential role of immune cells in crucial biliary repair mechanisms is highlighted. The mechanisms of biliary repair in immune-mediated cholangiopathies, inherited cholangiopathies, obstructive cholangiopathies, and cholangiocarcinoma are also summarized. Additionally, novel techniques that could clarify the underlying mechanisms of biliary repair are displayed. Collectively, this review aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of biliary repair and contributes potential novel therapeutic methods for treating biliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuaijie Qian
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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197
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Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Anguiano Quiroz PY, Mendez-Molina AN, Gutkind JS. Genomic Hippo Pathway Alterations and Persistent YAP/TAZ Activation: New Hallmarks in Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1370. [PMID: 35456049 PMCID: PMC9028246 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a highly prevalent and deadly malignancy worldwide. The prognosis for locoregionally advanced HNSCC has not appreciably improved over the past 30 years despite advances in surgical, radiation, and targeted therapies and less than 20% of HNSCC patients respond to recently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors. The Hippo signaling pathway, originally discovered as a mechanism regulating tissue growth and organ size, transduces intracellular and extracellular signals to regulate the transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. Alterations in the Hippo pathway resulting in persistent YAP and TAZ activation have emerged as major oncogenic drivers. Our analysis of the human HNSCC oncogenome revealed multiple genomic alterations impairing Hippo signaling and activating YAP and TAZ, which in turn contribute to HNSCC development. This includes mutations and deletions of the FAT1 gene (29%) and amplification of the WWTR1 (encoding TAZ, 14%) and YAP1 genes (8%), together representing one of the most genetically altered signaling mechanisms in this malignancy. Here, we discuss key elements of the mammalian Hippo pathway, detail mechanisms by which perturbations in Hippo signaling promote HNSCC initiation and progression and outline emerging strategies to target Hippo signaling vulnerabilities as part of novel multimodal precision therapies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhoud Faraji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sydney I. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
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198
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, Ying JNS, Ling JFS, Ting J, Ting JSS, Zhia Hwen IK, Suen HW, Samsul Kamar HS, Gorain B, Jain N, Mohd Amin MCI. Mucoadhesive Nanocarriers as a Promising Strategy to Enhance Intracellular Delivery against Oral Cavity Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040795. [PMID: 35456629 PMCID: PMC9025168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), has posed a grave challenge to global health due to its high incidence, metastasis, and mortality rates. Despite numerous studies and favorable improvements in the therapeutic strategies over the past few decades, the prognosis of this disease remains dismal. Moreover, several drawbacks are associated with the conventional treatment; including permanent disfigurement and physical impairment that are attributed to surgical intervention, and systemic toxicity that results from aggressive radio- or chemotherapies, which impacts patients’ prognosis and post-treatment quality of life. The highly vascularized, non-keratinized oral mucosa appears as a potential route for cytotoxic drug administration in treating oral cancer. It acts as a non-invasive portal for drug entry targeting the local oral lesions of the early stages of cancer and the systemic metastasis sites of advanced cancer. The absorption of the poorly aqueous-soluble anti-cancer drugs can be enhanced due to the increased permeability of the ulcerous mucosa lining in the disease state and by bypassing the hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, some challenges in oral transmucosal drug delivery include the drugs’ taste, the limited surface area of the membrane lining the oral cavity, and flushing and enzymatic degradation by saliva. Therefore, mucoadhesive nanocarriers have emerged as promising platforms for controlled, targeted drug delivery in the oral cavity. The surface functionalization of nanocarriers with various moieties allows for drug targeting, bioavailability enhancement, and biodistribution at the site of action, while the mucoadhesive feature prolongs the drug’s residence time for preferential accumulation to optimize the therapeutic effect and reduce systemic toxicity. This review has been focused to highlight the potential of various nanocarriers (e.g., nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, and liposomes) in conferring targeting, solubility and bioavailability enhancement of actives and mucoadhesive properties as novel tumor-targeted drug delivery approaches in oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (H.C.); Tel.: +60-166-048-589 (M.P.)
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (H.C.); Tel.: +60-166-048-589 (M.P.)
| | - Jenifer Ngu Shao Ying
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Jessica Foo Sze Ling
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Jong Ting
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Jocelyn Su Szhiou Ting
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Ivory Kuek Zhia Hwen
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Ho Wan Suen
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Hazimah Syazwani Samsul Kamar
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India;
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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199
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Minemura C, Asai S, Koma A, Kase-Kato I, Tanaka N, Kikkawa N, Kasamatsu A, Yokoe H, Hanazawa T, Uzawa K, Seki N. Identification of Tumor-Suppressive miR-30e-3p Targets: Involvement of SERPINE1 in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073808. [PMID: 35409173 PMCID: PMC8998321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, our studies revealed that some passenger strands of microRNAs (miRNAs) were closely involved in cancer pathogenesis. Analysis of miRNA expression signatures showed that the expression of miR-30e-3p (the passenger strand of pre-miR-30e) was significantly downregulated in cancer tissues. In this study, we focused on miR-30e-3p (the passenger strand of pre-miR-30e). We addressed target genes controlled by miR-30e-3p that were closely associated with the molecular pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Ectopic expression assays demonstrated that the expression of miR-30e-3p attenuated cancer cell malignant phenotypes (e.g., cell proliferation, migration, and invasive abilities). Our analysis of miR-30e-3p targets revealed that 11 genes (ADA, CPNE8, C14orf126, ERGIC2, HMGA2, PLS3, PSMD10, RALB, SERPINE1, SFXN1, and TMEM87B) were expressed at high levels in HNSCC patients. Moreover, they significantly predicted the short survival of HNSCC patients based on 5-year overall survival rates (p < 0.05) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Among these targets, SERPINE1 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for patient survival (multivariate Cox regression; hazard ratio = 1.6078, p < 0.05). Aberrant expression of SERPINE1 was observed in HNSCC clinical samples by immunohistochemical analysis. Functional assays by targeting SERPINE1 expression revealed that the malignant phenotypes (e.g., proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities) of HNSCC cells were suppressed by the silencing of SERPINE1 expression. Our miRNA-based approach will accelerate our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikashi Minemura
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (I.K.-K.); (N.T.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan;
| | - Shunichi Asai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (S.A.); (N.K.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Ayaka Koma
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (I.K.-K.); (N.T.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Ikuko Kase-Kato
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (I.K.-K.); (N.T.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Nozomi Tanaka
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (I.K.-K.); (N.T.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Naoko Kikkawa
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (S.A.); (N.K.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (I.K.-K.); (N.T.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Hidetaka Yokoe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan;
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (C.M.); (A.K.); (I.K.-K.); (N.T.); (A.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (S.A.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-226-2971; Fax: +81-43-227-3442
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200
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Remme CA. Getting to the heart of rhythm: A century of progress. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1553-1567. [PMID: 35343827 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human heart beats over eighty thousand times a day, and the average person's heart may have beaten up to 3 billion times by the age of 80. During the early stages of pregnancy, the heart beat provides the first visual and auditory sign of life of the foetus. Conversely, the first audible sound that the foetus is likely to hear is the heart beat of the mother. How fitting then, that at the "birth" Physiological Reviews the very first article published in 1921 written by Eyster and Meek addressed "The origin and conduction of the heart beat".1 In their insightful review, the authors discussed the landmark discoveries made from the mid-19th century on the electrical function of the heart. Now, a hundred years later, at the start of the next century of Physiological Reviews, an update on the huge progress made in the "exciting" field of cardiac electrophysiology is warranted. Guided by a number of excellent reviews published in Physiological Reviews since 1921 as well as a large body of literature, an overview of the important advancements made on the topic is provided here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ann Remme
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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