151
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Saygin ZM, Osher DE, Norton ES, Youssoufian DA, Beach SD, Feather J, Gaab N, Gabrieli JDE, Kanwisher N. Connectivity precedes function in the development of the visual word form area. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1250-5. [PMID: 27500407 PMCID: PMC5003691 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
What determines the cortical location at which a given functionally specific region will arise in development? We tested the hypothesis that functionally specific regions develop in their characteristic locations because of pre-existing differences in the extrinsic connectivity of that region to the rest of the brain. We exploited the visual word form area (VWFA) as a test case, scanning children with diffusion and functional imaging at age 5, before they learned to read, and at age 8, after they learned to read. We found the VWFA developed functionally in this interval and that its location in a particular child at age 8 could be predicted from that child's connectivity fingerprints (but not functional responses) at age 5. These results suggest that early connectivity instructs the functional development of the VWFA, possibly reflecting a general mechanism of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep M Saygin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David E Osher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Deanna A Youssoufian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sara D Beach
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenelle Feather
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy Kanwisher
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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152
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Waszak M, Falkovskiy P, Hilbert T, Bonnier G, Maréchal B, Meuli R, Gruetter R, Kober T, Krueger G. Prospective head motion correction using FID-guided on-demand image navigators. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:193-203. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Waszak
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI BM PI), Siemens Healthcare AG; Lausanne Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Pavel Falkovskiy
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI BM PI), Siemens Healthcare AG; Lausanne Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI BM PI), Siemens Healthcare AG; Lausanne Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Bonnier
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI BM PI), Siemens Healthcare AG; Lausanne Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Maréchal
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI BM PI), Siemens Healthcare AG; Lausanne Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Reto Meuli
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMedicale (CIBM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI BM PI), Siemens Healthcare AG; Lausanne Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Krueger
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc; Boston MA USA
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153
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Biskup CS, Helmbold K, Baurmann D, Klasen M, Gaber TJ, Bubenzer-Busch S, Königschulte W, Fink GR, Zepf FD. Resting state default mode network connectivity in children and adolescents with ADHD after acute tryptophan depletion. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:161-71. [PMID: 27145324 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations of the default mode network (DMN) have been described in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) is known to modulate DMN activity. This study aimed to explore the role of 5-HT on the DMN and its functional connectivity (FC) in young patients with ADHD. METHODS Young male patients with ADHD (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 10) (both aged 12-17 years) were subjected to acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) and subsequently diminished brain 5-HT synthesis. Three hours after challenge intake (ATD or a balanced control condition, BAL), resting state fMRI scans were obtained. RESULTS In patients, ATD led to attenuated FC of the right superior premotor cortex (BA 6) with the DMN, comparable to the extent found in controls after BAL administration. ATD lowered FC of the left somatosensory cortex (BA 3) with the DMN, independently of the factor group, but with stronger effects in controls. CONCLUSIONS Data reveal a serotonergic modulation of FC between BA 6 and 3, known to be relevant for motor planning and sensory perception, and the DMN, thereby possibly pointing toward ATD acting beneficially on neural planning of motor activity in patients with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Biskup
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen & Jülich, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - K Helmbold
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen & Jülich, Germany
| | - D Baurmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen & Jülich, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Klasen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T J Gaber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen & Jülich, Germany
| | - S Bubenzer-Busch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen & Jülich, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - W Königschulte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen & Jülich, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - G R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - F D Zepf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen & Jülich, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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154
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Oberlin BG, Dzemidzic M, Harezlak J, Kudela MA, Tran SM, Soeurt CM, Yoder KK, Kareken DA. Corticostriatal and Dopaminergic Response to Beer Flavor with Both fMRI and [(11) C]raclopride Positron Emission Tomography. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1865-73. [PMID: 27459715 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cue-evoked drug-seeking behavior likely depends on interactions between frontal activity and ventral striatal (VST) dopamine (DA) transmission. Using [(11) C]raclopride (RAC) positron emission tomography (PET), we previously demonstrated that beer flavor (absent intoxication) elicited VST DA release in beer drinkers, inferred by RAC displacement. Here, a subset of subjects from this previous RAC-PET study underwent a similar paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test how orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and VST blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses to beer flavor are related to VST DA release and motivation to drink. METHODS Male beer drinkers (n = 28, age = 24 ± 2, drinks/wk = 16 ± 10) from our previous PET study participated in a similar fMRI paradigm wherein subjects tasted their most frequently consumed brand of beer and Gatorade(®) (appetitive control). We tested for correlations between BOLD activation in fMRI and VST DA responses in PET, and drinking-related variables. RESULTS Compared to Gatorade, beer flavor increased wanting and desire to drink, and induced BOLD responses in bilateral OFC and right VST. Wanting and desire to drink correlated with both right VST and medial OFC BOLD activation to beer flavor. Like the BOLD findings, beer flavor (relative to Gatorade) again induced right VST DA release in this fMRI subject subset, but there was no correlation between DA release and the magnitude of BOLD responses in frontal regions of interest. CONCLUSIONS Both imaging modalities showed a right-lateralized VST response (BOLD and DA release) to a drug-paired conditioned stimulus, whereas fMRI BOLD responses in the VST and medial OFC also reflected wanting and desire to drink. The data suggest the possibility that responses to drug-paired cues may be rightward biased in the VST (at least in right-handed males) and that VST and OFC responses in this gustatory paradigm reflect stimulus wanting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Maria A Kudela
- Department of Biostatistics, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stella M Tran
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christina M Soeurt
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Psychiatry, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana
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155
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Johnson PM, Liu J, Wade T, Tavallaei MA, Drangova M. Retrospective 3D motion correction using spherical navigator echoes. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:1274-1282. [PMID: 27451402 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a rapid spherical navigator echo (SNAV) motion correction technique, then apply it for retrospective correction of brain images. METHODS The pre-rotated, template matching SNAV method (preRot-SNAV) was developed in combination with a novel hybrid baseline strategy, which includes acquired and interpolated templates. Specifically, the SNAV templates are only rotated around X- and Y-axis; for each rotated SNAV, simulated baseline templates that mimic object rotation about the Z-axis were interpolated. The new method was first evaluated with phantom experiments. Then, a customized SNAV-interleaved gradient echo sequence was used to image three volunteers performing directed head motion. The SNAV motion measurements were used to retrospectively correct the brain images. Experiments were performed using a 3.0T whole-body MRI scanner and both single and 8-channel head coils. RESULTS Phantom rotations and translations measured using the hybrid baselines agreed to within 0.9° and 1mm compared to those measured with the original preRot-SNAV method. Retrospective motion correction of in vivo images using the hybrid preRot-SNAV effectively corrected for head rotation up to 4° and 4mm. CONCLUSIONS The presented hybrid approach enables the acquisition of pre-rotated baseline templates in as little as 2.5s, and results in accurate measurement of rotations and translations. Retrospective 3D motion correction successfully reduced motion artifacts in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Johnson
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junmin Liu
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor Wade
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ali Tavallaei
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Drangova
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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156
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A robust method for suppressing motion-induced coil sensitivity variations during prospective correction of head motion in fMRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:1206-19. [PMID: 27451407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prospective motion correction is a promising candidate solution to suppress the effects of head motion during fMRI, ideally allowing the imaging plane to remain fixed with respect to the moving head. Residual signal artifacts may remain, however, because head motion in relation to a fixed multi-channel receiver coil (with non-uniform sensitivity maps) can potentially introduce unwanted signal variations comparable to the weak fMRI BOLD signal (~1%-4% at 1.5-3.0T). The present work aimed to investigate the magnitude of these residual artifacts, and characterize the regime over which prospective motion correction benefits from adjusting sensitivity maps to reflect relative positional change between the head and the coil. Numerical simulations were used to inform human fMRI experiments. The simulations indicated that for axial imaging within a commonly used 12-channel head coil, 5° of head rotation in-plane produced artifact signal changes of ~3%. Subsequently, six young adults were imaged with and without overt head motions of approximately this extent, with and without prospective motion correction using the Prospective Acquisition CorrEction (PACE) method, and with and without sensitivity map adjustments. Sensitivity map adjustments combined with PACE strongly protected against the artifacts of interest, as indicated by comparing three metrics of data quality (number of activated voxels, Dice coefficient of activation overlap, temporal standard deviation of baseline fMRI timeseries data) across the different experimental conditions. It is concluded that head motion in relation to a fixed multi-channel coil can adversely affect fMRI with prospective motion correction, and that sensitivity map adjustment can mitigate this effect at 3.0T.
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157
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Faraji-Dana Z, Tam F, Chen JJ, Graham SJ. Interactions between head motion and coil sensitivity in accelerated fMRI. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 270:46-60. [PMID: 27288867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parallel imaging is widely adopted to accelerate functional MRI (fMRI) data acquisition, through various strategies that involve multi-channel receiver coils. However, the non-uniform spatial sensitivity of multi-channel receiver coils may introduce unwanted artifacts when head motion occurs during the few-minute long fMRI scans. Although prospective correction provides a promising solution for alleviating the head motion artifacts in fMRI, the relative position of the fixed multi-channel receiver coils moves in the moving reference frame, potentially resulting in artifactual signal. NEW METHOD We used numerical simulations to investigate this effect on fMRI using two parallel imaging schemes: sensitivity encoding (SENSE) and generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) with acceleration factors 2 and 4, towards characterizing the regime over which parallel-imaging fMRI with prospective motion correction will benefit from updating coil sensitivities to reflect relative positional change between the head and the receiver coil. Moreover, six subjects were scanned with acceleration factors 2 and 4 while performing a simple finger-tapping task with and without overt head motion. RESULTS Updating coil sensitivities showed significant positive impact on standard deviation and activation maps in presence of overt head motion compared to that obtained with no overt head motion. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The parallel imaging fMRI with updated coil sensitivity maps were compared to that with the coil sensitivity maps acquired at the reference position. CONCLUSIONS Head motion in relation to a fixed multi-channel coil can adversely affect the quality of parallel imaging fMRI data; and updating coil sensitivity map can mitigate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Faraji-Dana
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| | - F Tam
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - J J Chen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| | - S J Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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158
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Faraji-Dana Z, Tam F, Chen JJ, Graham SJ. Suppressing Respiration Effects when Geometric Distortion Is Corrected Dynamically by Phase Labeling for Additional Coordinate Encoding (PLACE) during Functional MRI. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156750. [PMID: 27258194 PMCID: PMC4892595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Echo planar imaging (EPI) suffers from geometric distortions caused by magnetic field inhomogeneities, which can be time-varying as a result of small amounts of head motion that occur over seconds and minutes during fMRI experiments, also known as “dynamic geometric distortion”. Phase Labeling for Additional Coordinate Encoding (PLACE) is a promising technique for geometric distortion correction without reduced temporal resolution and in principle can be used to correct for motion-induced dynamic geometric distortion. PLACE requires at least two EPI images of the same anatomy that are ideally acquired with no variation in the magnetic field inhomogeneities. However, head motion and lung ventilation during the respiratory cycle can cause changes in magnetic field inhomogeneities within the EPI pair used for PLACE. In this work, we exploited dynamic off-resonance in k-space (DORK) and averaging to correct the within EPI pair magnetic field inhomogeneities; and hence proposed a combined technique (DORK+PLACE+averaging) to mitigate dynamic geometric distortion in EPI-based fMRI while preserving the temporal resolution. The performance of the combined DORK, PLACE and averaging technique was characterized through several imaging experiments involving test phantoms and six healthy adult volunteers. Phantom data illustrate reduced temporal standard deviation of fMRI signal intensities after use of combined dynamic PLACE, DORK and averaging compared to the standard processing and static geometric distortion correction. The combined technique also substantially improved the temporal standard deviation and activation maps obtained from human fMRI data in comparison to the results obtained by standard processing and static geometric distortion correction, highlighting the utility of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Faraji-Dana
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Fred Tam
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - J. Jean Chen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simon J. Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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159
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Roos LE, Beauchamp KG, Pears KC, Fisher PA, Berkman ET, Capaldi D. Effects of prenatal substance exposure on neurocognitive correlates of inhibitory control success and failure. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2016; 6:269-280. [PMID: 27261058 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2016.1159561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with prenatal substance (drug and alcohol) exposure exhibit inhibitory control (IC) deficits and aberrations in associated neural function. Nearly all research to date examines exposure to individual substances, and a minimal amount is known about the effects of heterogeneous exposure-which is more representative of population exposure levels. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated IC (Go/NoGo) in heterogeneously exposed (n = 7) vs. control (n = 7) at-risk adolescents (ages 13-17). The fMRI results indicated multiple IC processing differences consistent with a more immature developmental profile for exposed adolescents (Exposed > Nonexposed: NoGo > Go: right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, right cuneus, and left inferior parietal lobe; NoGo > false alarm: occipital lobe; Go > false alarm: right anterior prefrontal cortex). Simple effects suggest exposed adolescents exhibited exaggerated correct trial but decreased incorrect trial activation. Results provide initial evidence that prenatal exposure across substances creates similar patterns of atypical brain activation to IC success and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Roos
- a Department of Psychology , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon.,b Oregon Social Learning Center , Eugene , Oregon
| | | | | | - Philip A Fisher
- a Department of Psychology , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon
| | - Elliot T Berkman
- a Department of Psychology , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon
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160
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Schmüser L, Sebastian A, Mobascher A, Lieb K, Feige B, Tüscher O. Data-driven analysis of simultaneous EEG/fMRI reveals neurophysiological phenotypes of impulse control. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:3114-36. [PMID: 27133468 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is the ability to suppress inadequate but prepotent or ongoing response tendencies. A fronto-striatal network is involved in these processes. Between-subject differences in the intra-individual variability have been suggested to constitute a key to pathological processes underlying impulse control disorders. Single-trial EEG/fMRI analysis allows to increase sensitivity for inter-individual differences by incorporating intra-individual variability. Thirty-eight healthy subjects performed a visual Go/Nogo task during simultaneous EEG/fMRI. Of 38 healthy subjects, 21 subjects reliably showed Nogo-related ICs (Nogo-IC-positive) while 17 subjects (Nogo-IC-negative) did not. Comparing both groups revealed differences on various levels: On trait level, Nogo-IC-negative subjects scored higher on questionnaires regarding attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; on a behavioral level, they displayed slower response times (RT) and higher intra-individual RT variability while both groups did not differ in their inhibitory performance. On the neurophysiological level, Nogo-IC-negative subjects showed a hyperactivation of left inferior frontal cortex/insula and left putamen as well as significantly reduced P3 amplitudes. Thus, a data-driven approach for IC classification and the resulting presence or absence of early Nogo-specific ICs as criterion for group selection revealed group differences at behavioral and neurophysiological levels. This may indicate electrophysiological phenotypes characterized by inter-individual variations of neural and behavioral correlates of impulse control. We demonstrated that the inter-individual difference in an electrophysiological correlate of response inhibition is correlated with distinct, potentially compensatory neural activity. This may suggest the existence of electrophysiologically dissociable phenotypes of behavioral and neural motor response inhibition with the Nogo-IC-positive phenotype possibly providing protection against impulsivity-related dysfunction. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3114-3136, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schmüser
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sebastian
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arian Mobascher
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus Lahnstein, Lahnstein, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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161
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Jankowski KF, Bruce J, Beauchamp KG, Roos LE, Moore WE, Fisher PA. Preliminary evidence of the impact of early childhood maltreatment and a preventive intervention on neural patterns of response inhibition in early adolescence. Dev Sci 2016; 20. [PMID: 27061609 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maltreated youths in foster care often experience negative developmental and psychological outcomes, which have been linked with poor response inhibition. Recent evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment is also associated with alterations in the neural circuitry underlying response inhibition. However, a burgeoning line of research has begun to explore the mitigating effects of preventive interventions on neural functioning. The current study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the impact of early childhood maltreatment and a preventive intervention on response inhibition in early adolescence. Thirty-six demographically similar adolescents (ages 9-14 years) completed a Go/NoGo task. The sample included nonmaltreated adolescents (n = 14) and maltreated adolescents who were in foster care as preschoolers and randomly assigned to receive services as usual (n = 11) or a preventive intervention, Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers (n = 11). The groups demonstrated similar behavioral performance but significantly different neural patterns. The maltreated adolescents who received services as usual demonstrated subcortical hypoactivity during successful response inhibition and subcortical hyperactivity during unsuccessful response inhibition. In contrast, the nonmaltreated adolescents and maltreated adolescents who received the intervention exhibited strikingly similar neural patterns during successful response inhibition, but the maltreated adolescents who received the intervention demonstrated prefrontal hypoactivity during unsuccessful response inhibition. These findings offer preliminary evidence that early childhood maltreatment alters the neural patterns underlying response inhibition in early adolescence and that participating in a preventive intervention could mitigate maltreatment-related effects on these neural systems.
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162
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Bubenzer-Busch S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Kuzmanovic B, Gaber TJ, Helmbold K, Ullisch MG, Baurmann D, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR, Zepf FD. Neural correlates of reactive aggression in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disruptive behaviour disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:310-23. [PMID: 26292852 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often linked with impulsive and aggressive behaviour, indexed by high comorbidity rates between ADHD and disruptive behaviour disorders (DBD). The present study aimed to investigate underlying neural activity of reactive aggression in children with ADHD and comorbid DBD using functional neuroimaging techniques (fMRI). METHOD Eighteen boys with ADHD (age 9-14 years, 10 subjects with comorbid DBD) and 18 healthy controls were administered a modified fMRI-based version of the 'Point Subtraction Aggression Game' to elicit reactive aggressive behaviour. Trials consisted of an 'aggression phase' (punishment for a fictitious opponent) and an 'outcome phase' (presentation of the trial outcome). RESULTS During the aggression phase, higher aggressive responses of control children were accompanied by higher activation of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex and the temporoparietal junction. Patients displayed inverted results. During the outcome phase, comparison between groups and conditions showed differential activation in the dorsal striatum and bilateral insular when subjects gained points. Losing points was accompanied by differential activation of regions belonging to the insula and the middle temporal sulcus. CONCLUSION Data support the hypothesis that deficient inhibitory control mechanisms are related to increased impulsive aggressive behaviour in young people with ADHD and comorbid DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bubenzer-Busch
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany
| | - B Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany
| | - B Kuzmanovic
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-8), Ethics in the Neurosciences, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuroimaging Lab, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T J Gaber
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany
| | - K Helmbold
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany
| | - M G Ullisch
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, iNANO, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D Baurmann
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany
| | - S B Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology - Brain Network Modeling Group, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - G R Fink
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - F D Zepf
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & School of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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163
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Saleh MG, Alhamud A, Near J, van der Kouwe AJW, Meintjes EM. Volumetric navigated MEGA-SPECIAL for real-time motion and shim corrected GABA editing. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:248-55. [PMID: 26663075 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mescher-Garwood (MEGA) editing with spin echo full intensity acquired localization (MEGA-SPECIAL, MSpc) is a technique to acquire γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) without macromolecule (MM) contamination at a TE of 68 ms. However, due to the requirement of multiple shot-localization, it is often susceptible to subject motion and B0 inhomogeneity. A method is presented for real-time shim and motion correction (ShMoCo) using volumetric navigators to correct for motion and motion-related B0 inhomogeneity during MSpc acquisition. A phantom experiment demonstrates that ShMoCo restores the GABA peak and improves spectral quality in the presence of motion and zero- and first-order shim changes. The ShMoCo scans were validated in three subjects who performed up-down and left-right head rotations. Qualitative assessment of these scans indicates effective reduction of subtraction artefacts and well edited GABA peaks, while quantitative analysis indicates superior fitting and spectral quality relative to scans with no correction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad G Saleh
- Department of Human Biology, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - A Alhamud
- Department of Human Biology, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Jamie Near
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Department of Human Biology, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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164
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Carinci F, Meyer C, Breuer FA, Jakob PM. In vivo imaging of the spectral line broadening of the human lung in a single breathhold. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:745-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Carinci
- Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria (MRB); Würzburg Germany
- Department of Experimental Physics 5; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Siemens Healthcare Gmbh; Erlangen Germany
| | - Cord Meyer
- Department of Experimental Physics 5; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Felix A. Breuer
- Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria (MRB); Würzburg Germany
| | - Peter M. Jakob
- Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria (MRB); Würzburg Germany
- Department of Experimental Physics 5; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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165
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Gregory MD, Robertson EM, Manoach DS, Stickgold R. Thinking About a Task Is Associated with Increased Connectivity in Regions Activated by Task Performance. Brain Connect 2016; 6:164-8. [PMID: 26650337 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2015.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether functional neuroimaging of quiet "rest" can reveal the neural correlates of conscious thought. Using resting-state functional MRI, we measured functional connectivity during a resting scan that immediately followed performance of a finger tapping motor sequence task. Self-reports of the amount of time spent thinking about the task during the resting scan correlated with connectivity between regions of the motor network activated during task performance. Thus, thinking about a task is associated with coordinated activity in brain regions responsible for that task's performance. More generally, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using the combination of functional connectivity MRI and self-reports to examine the neural correlates of thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Gregory
- 1 Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Charlestown, Massachusetts.,3 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edwin M Robertson
- 4 Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology , Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dara S Manoach
- 2 Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Charlestown, Massachusetts.,3 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,5 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Stickgold
- 3 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,6 Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
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166
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Poulsen C, Wakeman DG, Atefi SR, Luu P, Konyn A, Bonmassar G. Polymer thick film technology for improved simultaneous dEEG/MRI recording: Safety and MRI data quality. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:895-903. [PMID: 26876960 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 256-channel dense-array electroencephalography (dEEG) sensor net (the Ink-Net) using high-resistance polymer thick film (PTF) technology to improve safety and data quality during simultaneous dEEG/MRI. METHODS Heating safety was assessed with temperature measurements in an anthropomorphic head phantom during a 30-min, induced-heating scan at 7T. MRI quality assessment used B1 field mapping and functional MRI (fMRI) retinotopic scans in three humans at 3T. Performance of the 256-channel PTF Ink-Net was compared with a 256-channel MR-conditional copper-wired electroencephalography (EEG) net and to scans with no sensor net. A visual evoked potential paradigm assessed EEG quality within and outside the 3T scanner. RESULTS Phantom temperature measurements revealed nonsignificant heating (ISO 10974) in the presence of either EEG net. In human B1 field and fMRI scans, the Ink-Net showed greatly reduced cross-modal artifact and less signal degradation than the copper-wired net, and comparable quality to MRI without sensor net. Cross-modal ballistocardiogram artifact in the EEG was comparable for both nets. CONCLUSION High-resistance PTF technology can be effectively implemented in a 256-channel dEEG sensor net for MR conditional use at 7T and with significantly improved structural and fMRI data quality as assessed at 3T. Magn Reson Med 77:895-903, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel G Wakeman
- A. A. Martinos Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seyed Reza Atefi
- A. A. Martinos Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phan Luu
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Amy Konyn
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Giorgio Bonmassar
- A. A. Martinos Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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167
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Godenschweger F, Kägebein U, Stucht D, Yarach U, Sciarra A, Yakupov R, Lüsebrink F, Schulze P, Speck O. Motion correction in MRI of the brain. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:R32-56. [PMID: 26864183 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/5/r32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Subject motion in MRI is a relevant problem in the daily clinical routine as well as in scientific studies. Since the beginning of clinical use of MRI, many research groups have developed methods to suppress or correct motion artefacts. This review focuses on rigid body motion correction of head and brain MRI and its application in diagnosis and research. It explains the sources and types of motion and related artefacts, classifies and describes existing techniques for motion detection, compensation and correction and lists established and experimental approaches. Retrospective motion correction modifies the MR image data during the reconstruction, while prospective motion correction performs an adaptive update of the data acquisition. Differences, benefits and drawbacks of different motion correction methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Godenschweger
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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168
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Yarach U, Luengviriya C, Stucht D, Godenschweger F, Schulze P, Speck O. Correction of B 0-induced geometric distortion variations in prospective motion correction for 7T MRI. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 29:319-32. [PMID: 26861047 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-015-0515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective motion correction can effectively fix the imaging volume of interest. For large motion, this can lead to relative motion of coil sensitivities, distortions associated with imaging gradients and B 0 field variations. This work accounts for the B 0 field change due to subject movement, and proposes a method for correcting tissue magnetic susceptibility-related distortion in prospective motion correction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The B 0 field shifts at the different head orientations were characterized. A volunteer performed large motion with prospective motion correction enabled. The acquired data were divided into multiple groups according to the object positions. The correction of B 0-related distortion was applied to each group of data individually via augmented sensitivity encoding with additionally integrated gradient nonlinearity correction. RESULTS The relative motion of the gradients, B 0 field and coil sensitivities in prospective motion correction results in residual spatial distortion, blurring, and coil artifacts. These errors can be mitigated by the proposed method. Moreover, iterative conjugate gradient optimization with regularization provided superior results with smaller RMSE in comparison to standard conjugate gradient. CONCLUSION The combined correction of B 0-related distortion and gradient nonlinearity leads to a reduction of residual motion artifacts in prospective motion correction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uten Yarach
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44 (Haus 65), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Department of Radiological Technology, Chiangmai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | | | - Daniel Stucht
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44 (Haus 65), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Godenschweger
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44 (Haus 65), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schulze
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44 (Haus 65), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44 (Haus 65), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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169
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Cortical and motor responses to acute forced exercise in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 24:56-62. [PMID: 26857399 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have suggested that the rate of exercise performance is important in treatment efficacy and neuroprotection. In humans with PD, lower-extremity forced-exercise (FE) produced global improvements in motor symptoms based on clinical ratings and biomechanical measures of upper extremity function. METHODS fMRI was used to compare the underlying changes in brain activity in PD patients following the administration of anti-parkinsonian medication and following a session of FE. RESULTS Nine individuals with PD completed fMRI scans under each condition: off anti-PD medication, on anti-PD medication, and off medication + FE. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Motor Scale scores improved by 50% in the FE condition compared to the off-medication condition. The pattern of fMRI activation after FE was similar to that seen with anti-PD medication. Direct comparison of the fMRI activation patterns showed high correlation between FE and anti-PD medication. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that medication and FE likely utilize the same pathways to produce symptomatic relief in individuals with PD.
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170
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Lange T, Maclaren J, Herbst M, Lovell-Smith C, Izadpanah K, Zaitsev M. Knee cartilage MRI with in situ mechanical loading using prospective motion correction. Magn Reson Med 2016; 71:516-23. [PMID: 23440894 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of high resolution knee cartilage MRI with in situ mechanical loading using optical tracking to compensate for motion. METHODS In vivo cartilage MRI with in situ mechanical loading is demonstrated on a clinical 3T system for the patellofemoral as well as for the tibiofemoral knee joint using a T1-weighted spoiled three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence. Prospective motion correction is performed with a moiré phase tracking system consisting of an in-bore camera and a single tracking marker attached to the skin. RESULTS Rigid-body approximation required for prospective correction with optical motion tracking is fulfilled well enough for the patellofemoral as well as for the tibiofemoral joint when the tracking marker is attached to the knee cap and the shin, respectively. Presaturation proves to be efficient in suppressing pulsation artifacts from the popliteal artery and residual motion artifacts primarily arising from nonrigid motion of the posterior knee compartment. CONCLUSION The proposed technique enables knee cartilage imaging under in situ mechanical loading with submillimeter spatial resolution devoid of significant motion artifacts and thus appropriate for cartilage volumetry. It has the potential to provide new insight into the biomechanics of the knee and might complement the panoply of diagnostic MR methods for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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171
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Thompkins AM, Deshpande G, Waggoner P, Katz JS. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Domestic Dog: Research, Methodology, and Conceptual Issues. COMPARATIVE COGNITION & BEHAVIOR REVIEWS 2016; 11:63-82. [PMID: 29456781 DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2016.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging of the domestic dog is a rapidly expanding research topic in terms of the cognitive domains being investigated. Because dogs have shared both a physical and social world with humans for thousands of years, they provide a unique and socially relevant means of investigating a variety of shared human and canine psychological phenomena. Additionally, their trainability allows for neuroimaging to be carried out noninvasively in an awake and unrestrained state. In this review, a brief overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is followed by an analysis of recent research with dogs using fMRI. Methodological and conceptual concerns found across multiple studies are raised, and solutions to these issues are suggested. With the research capabilities brought by canine functional imaging, findings may improve our understanding of canine cognitive processes, identify neural correlates of behavioral traits, and provide early-life selection measures for dogs in working roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- Dept. of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. AU MRI Research Center, Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paul Waggoner
- Canine Performance Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Katz
- Dept. of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. AU MRI Research Center, Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
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172
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van Eijk J, Sebastian A, Krause-Utz A, Cackowski S, Demirakca T, Biedermann SV, Lieb K, Bohus M, Schmahl C, Ende G, Tüscher O. Women with borderline personality disorder do not show altered BOLD responses during response inhibition. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:378-89. [PMID: 26483213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is central to borderline personality disorder (BPD). Response inhibition, addressing the ability to suppress or stop actions, is one aspect of behavioral impulse control which is frequently used to assess impulsivity. BPD patients display deficits in response inhibition under stress condition or negative emotions. We assessed whether response inhibition and its neural underpinnings are impaired in BPD when tested in an emotionally neutral setting and when co-morbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is excluded. To this end, we studied response inhibition in unmedicated BPD patients and healthy controls (HC) in two independent samples using functional magnetic resonance imaging during Simon-, Go/nogo-, and Stopsignal tasks. BPD patients and HC did not differ significantly in their performance in the Go/nogo and the Stopsignal tasks. Response interference in the Simon task was increased in BPD patients in one sample, but this could not be replicated in the second sample. In both samples, no significant differences in brain activation patterns during any of the tasks were present while the neural impulse control network was robustly activated during the inhibition tasks in both groups. Our results provide evidence that under emotionally neutral conditions response inhibition is not impaired in patients with BPD without co-occurring ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia van Eijk
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sebastian
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz Germany.
| | - Annegret Krause-Utz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Cackowski
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Traute Demirakca
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sarah V Biedermann
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz Germany
| | - Martin Bohus
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ende
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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173
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Stice E, Yokum S, Waters A. Dissonance-Based Eating Disorder Prevention Program Reduces Reward Region Response to Thin Models; How Actions Shape Valuation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144530. [PMID: 26641854 PMCID: PMC4671712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research supports the effectiveness of a dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program wherein high-risk young women with body dissatisfaction critique the thin ideal, which reduces pursuit of this ideal, and the theory that dissonance induction contributes to these effects. Based on evidence that dissonance produces attitudinal change by altering neural representation of valuation, we tested whether completing the Body Project would reduce response of brain regions implicated in reward valuation to thin models. Young women with body dissatisfaction were randomized to this intervention or an educational control condition, completing assessments and fMRI scans while viewing images of thin versus average-weight female models at pre and post. Whole brain analyses indicated that, compared to controls, Body Project participants showed greater reductions in caudate response to images of thin versus average-weight models, though participants in the two conditions showed pretest differences in responsivity of other brain regions that might have contributed to this effect. Greater pre-post reductions in caudate and putamen response to thin models correlated with greater reductions in body dissatisfaction. The finding that the Body Project reduces caudate response to thin models provides novel preliminary evidence that this intervention reduces valuation of media images thought to contribute to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, providing support for the intervention theory by documenting that this intervention alters an objective biological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sonja Yokum
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, United States of America
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174
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Tisdall MD, Reuter M, Qureshi A, Buckner RL, Fischl B, van der Kouwe AJW. Prospective motion correction with volumetric navigators (vNavs) reduces the bias and variance in brain morphometry induced by subject motion. Neuroimage 2015; 127:11-22. [PMID: 26654788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that subject motion produces systematic biases in the metrics computed by widely used morphometry software packages, even when the motion is too small to produce noticeable image artifacts. In the common situation where the control population exhibits different behaviors in the scanner when compared to the experimental population, these systematic measurement biases may produce significant confounds for between-group analyses, leading to erroneous conclusions about group differences. While previous work has shown that prospective motion correction can improve perceived image quality, here we demonstrate that, in healthy subjects performing a variety of directed motions, the use of the volumetric navigator (vNav) prospective motion correction system significantly reduces the motion-induced bias and variance in morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dylan Tisdall
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Martin Reuter
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abid Qureshi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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175
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Past experience shapes ongoing neural patterns for language. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10073. [PMID: 26624517 PMCID: PMC4686754 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Early experiences may establish a foundation for later learning, however, influences of early language experience on later neural processing are unknown. We investigated whether maintenance of neural templates from early language experience influences subsequent language processing. Using fMRI, we scanned the following three groups performing a French phonological working memory (PWM) task: (1) monolingual French children; (2) children adopted from China before age 3 who discontinued Chinese and spoke only French; (3) Chinese-speaking children who learned French as a second language but maintained Chinese. Although all groups perform this task equally well, brain activation differs. French monolinguals activate typical PWM brain regions, while both Chinese-exposed groups also activate regions implicated in cognitive control, even the adoptees who were monolingual French speakers at testing. Early exposure to a language, and/or delayed exposure to a subsequent language, continues to influence the neural processing of subsequently learned language sounds years later even in highly proficient, early-exposed users. Whether brief early exposure to a language affects future language processing is unclear. Here Pierce et al. show that brain activity evoked by French pseudowords in monolingual French speaking Chinese adoptees is different from French children with no exposure to Chinese and similar to bilingual Chinese children.
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176
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Frost R, Hess AT, Okell TW, Chappell MA, Tisdall MD, van der Kouwe AJW, Jezzard P. Prospective motion correction and selective reacquisition using volumetric navigators for vessel-encoded arterial spin labeling dynamic angiography. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:1420-1430. [PMID: 26567122 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to improve robustness to motion in a vessel-encoded angiography sequence used for patient scans. The sequence is particularly sensitive to motion between imaging segments, which causes ghosting and blurring that propagates to the final angiogram. METHODS Volumetric echo planar imaging (EPI) navigators acquired in 275 ms were inserted after the imaging readout in a vessel-encoded pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (VEPCASL) sequence. The effects of movement between segments on the images were tested with phantom experiments. Deliberate motion experiments with healthy volunteers were performed to compare prospective motion correction (PMC) with reacquisition versus no correction. RESULTS In scans without motion, the addition of the EPI navigator to the sequence did not affect the quality of the angiograms in comparison with the original sequence. PMC and reacquisition improved the visibility of vessels in the angiograms compared with the scans without correction. The reacquisition strategy was shown to be important for complete correction of imaging artifacts. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated an effective method to correct motion in vessel-encoded angiography. For reacquisition of 15 segments, the technique requires approximately 30 s of additional scanning (∼25%). Magn Reson Med 76:1420-1430, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Frost
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Aaron T Hess
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W Okell
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Chappell
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Jezzard
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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177
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Alhamud A, Taylor PA, van der Kouwe AJW, Meintjes EM. Real-time measurement and correction of both B0 changes and subject motion in diffusion tensor imaging using a double volumetric navigated (DvNav) sequence. Neuroimage 2015; 126:60-71. [PMID: 26584865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) requires a set of diffusion weighted measurements in order to acquire enough information to characterize local structure. The MRI scanner automatically performs a shimming process by acquiring a field map before the start of a DTI scan. Changes in B0, which can occur throughout the DTI acquisition due to several factors (including heating of the iron shim coils or subject motion), cause significant signal distortions that result in warped diffusion tensor (DT) parameter estimates. In this work we introduce a novel technique to simultaneously measure, report and correct in real time subject motion and changes in B0 field homogeneity, both in and through the imaging plane. This is achieved using double volumetric navigators (DvNav), i.e. a pair of 3D EPI acquisitions, interleaved with the DTI pulse sequence. Changes in the B0 field are evaluated in terms of zero-order (frequency) and first-order (linear gradients) shim. The ability of the DvNav to accurately estimate the shim parameters was first validated in a water phantom. Two healthy subjects were scanned both in the presence and absence of motion using standard, motion corrected (single navigator, vNav), and DvNav DTI sequences. The difference in performance between the proposed 3D EPI field maps and the standard 3D gradient echo field maps of the MRI scanner was also evaluated in a phantom and two healthy subjects. The DvNav sequence was shown to accurately measure and correct changes in B0 following manual adjustments of the scanner's central frequency and the linear shim gradients. Compared to other methods, the DvNav produced DTI results that showed greater spatial overlap with anatomical references, particularly in scans with subject motion. This is largely due to the ability of the DvNav system to correct shim changes and subject motion between each volume acquisition, thus reducing shear distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alhamud
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Paul A Taylor
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), South Africa
| | - Andre J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brookline, MA, USA
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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178
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Graham AM, Pfeifer JH, Fisher PA, Carpenter S, Fair DA. Early life stress is associated with default system integrity and emotionality during infancy. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:1212-22. [PMID: 25809052 PMCID: PMC4580514 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive animal research has demonstrated the vulnerability of the brain to early life stress (ELS) with consequences for emotional development and mental health. However, the influence of moderate and common forms of stress on early human brain development is less well-understood and precisely characterized. To date, most work has focused on severe forms of stress, and/or on brain functioning years after stress exposure. METHODS In this report we focused on conflict between parents (interparental conflict), a common and relatively moderate form of ELS that is highly relevant for children's mental health outcomes. We used resting state functional connectivity MRI to examine the coordinated functioning of the infant brain (N = 23; 6-12-months-of-age) in the context of interparental conflict. We focused on the default mode network (DMN) due to its well-characterized developmental trajectory and implications for mental health. We further examined DMN strength as a mediator between conflict and infants' negative emotionality. RESULTS Higher interparental conflict since birth was associated with infants showing stronger connectivity between two core DMN regions, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC). PCC to amygdala connectivity was also increased. Stronger PCC-aMPFC connectivity mediated between higher conflict and higher negative infant emotionality. CONCLUSIONS The developing DMN may be an important marker for effects of ELS with relevance for emotional development and subsequent mental health. Increasing understanding of the associations between common forms of family stress and emerging functional brain networks has potential to inform intervention efforts to improve mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. Graham
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Philip A. Fisher
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, Portland, OR, United States,Oregon Social Learning Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Samuel Carpenter
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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179
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Wu X, Eggebrecht AT, Ferradal SL, Culver JP, Dehghani H. Fast and efficient image reconstruction for high density diffuse optical imaging of the human brain. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4567-84. [PMID: 26601019 PMCID: PMC4646563 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Real-time imaging of human brain has become an important technique within neuroimaging. In this study, a fast and efficient sensitivity map generation based on Finite Element Models (FEM) is developed which utilises a reduced sensitivitys matrix taking advantage of sparsity and parallelisation processes. Time and memory efficiency of these processes are evaluated and compared with conventional method showing that for a range of mesh densities from 50000 to 320000 nodes, the required memory is reduced over tenfold and computational time fourfold allowing for near real-time image recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Silvina L. Ferradal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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180
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Shah C, Beall EB, Frankemolle AMM, Penko A, Phillips MD, Lowe MJ, Alberts JL. Exercise Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: Pedaling Rate Is Related to Changes in Motor Connectivity. Brain Connect 2015; 6:25-36. [PMID: 26414696 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced-rate lower-extremity exercise has recently emerged as a potential safe and low-cost therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). The efficacy is believed to be dependent on pedaling rate, with rates above the subjects' voluntary exercise rates being most beneficial. In this study, we use functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to further elucidate the mechanism underlying this effect. Twenty-seven PD patients were randomized to complete 8 weeks of forced-rate exercise (FE) or voluntary-rate exercise (VE). Exercise was delivered using a specialized stationary bicycle, which can augment patients' voluntary exercise rates. The FE group received assistance from the cycle. Imaging was conducted at baseline, end of therapy, and after 4 weeks of follow-up. Functional connectivity (FC) was determined via seed-based correlation analysis, using activation-based seeds in the primary motor cortex (M1). The change in FC after exercise was compared using linear correlation with pedaling rate. Results of the correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between pedaling rate and change in FC from the most affected M1 to the ipsilateral thalamus. This effect persisted after 4 weeks of follow-up. These results indicate that a plausible mechanism for the therapeutic efficacy of high-rate exercise in PD is that it improves thalamo-cortical connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Shah
- 1 Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erik B Beall
- 2 Imaging Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anneke M M Frankemolle
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amanda Penko
- 4 Center for Neurological Restoration , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Mark J Lowe
- 2 Imaging Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jay L Alberts
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio.,4 Center for Neurological Restoration , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,5 Cleveland FES Center, L. Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center , Cleveland, Ohio
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181
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Hoffmann M, Mada M, Carpenter TA, Sawiak SJ, Williams GB. Additional sampling directions improve detection range of wireless radiofrequency probes. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:913-8. [PMID: 26418189 PMCID: PMC5025722 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose While MRI is enhancing our knowledge about the structure and function of the human brain, subject motion remains a problem in many clinical applications. Recently, the use of wireless radiofrequency markers with three one‐dimensional (1D) navigators for prospective correction was demonstrated. This method is restricted in the range of motion that can be corrected, however, because of limited information in the 1D readouts. Methods Here, the limitation of techniques for disambiguating marker locations was investigated. It was shown that including more sampling directions extends the tracking range for head rotations. The efficiency of trading readout resolution for speed was explored. Results Tracking of head rotations was demonstrated from −19.2 to 34.4°, −2.7 to 10.0°, and −60.9 to 70.9° in the x‐, y‐, and z‐directions, respectively. In the presence of excessive head motion, the deviation of marker estimates from SPM8 was reduced by 17.1% over existing three‐projection methods. This was achieved by using an additional seven directions, extending the time needed for readouts by a factor of 3.3. Much of this increase may be circumvented by reducing resolution, without compromising accuracy. Conclusion Including additional sampling directions extends the range in which markers can be used, for patients who move a lot. Magn Reson Med 76:913–918, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Hoffmann
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marius Mada
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Adrian Carpenter
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Sawiak
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guy B Williams
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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182
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Babayeva M, Kober T, Knowles B, Herbst M, Meuli R, Zaitsev M, Krueger G. Accuracy and Precision of Head Motion Information in Multi-Channel Free Induction Decay Navigators for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2015; 34:1879-1889. [PMID: 25781624 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2413211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Free induction decay (FID) navigators were found to qualitatively detect rigid-body head movements, yet it is unknown to what extent they can provide quantitative motion estimates. Here, we acquired FID navigators at different sampling rates and simultaneously measured head movements using a highly accurate optical motion tracking system. This strategy allowed us to estimate the accuracy and precision of FID navigators for quantification of rigid-body head movements. Five subjects were scanned with a 32-channel head coil array on a clinical 3T MR scanner during several resting and guided head movement periods. For each subject we trained a linear regression model based on FID navigator and optical motion tracking signals. FID-based motion model accuracy and precision was evaluated using cross-validation. FID-based prediction of rigid-body head motion was found to be with a mean translational and rotational error of 0.14±0.21 mm and 0.08±0.13°, respectively. Robust model training with sub-millimeter and sub-degree accuracy could be achieved using 100 data points with motion magnitudes of ±2 mm and ±1° for translation and rotation. The obtained linear models appeared to be subject-specific as inter-subject application of a "universal" FID-based motion model resulted in poor prediction accuracy. The results show that substantial rigid-body motion information is encoded in FID navigator signal time courses. Although, the applied method currently requires the simultaneous acquisition of FID signals and optical tracking data, the findings suggest that multi-channel FID navigators have a potential to complement existing tracking technologies for accurate rigid-body motion detection and correction in MRI.
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183
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Abstract
The neural systems controlling head movements are not well delineated in humans. It is not clear whether the ipsilateral or contralateral primary motor cortex is involved in turning the head right or left. Furthermore, the exact location of the neck motor area in the somatotopic organization of the motor homunculus is still debated and evidence for contributions from other brain regions in humans is scarce. Because currently available neuroimaging methods are not generally suitable for mapping brain activation patterns during head movements, we conducted fMRI scans during isometric tasks of the head. During isometric tasks, muscle contractions occur without an actual movement and they have been used to delineate patterns of brain activity related to movements of other body parts such as the hands. Healthy individuals were scanned during isometric head rotation or wrist extension. Isometric wrist extension was examined as a positive control and to establish the relative locations of head and hand regions in the motor cortex. Electromyographic recordings of neck and hand muscles during scanning ensured compliance with the tasks. Increased brain activity during isometric head rotation was observed bilaterally in the precentral gyrus, both medial and lateral to the hand area, as well the supplementary motor area, insula, putamen, and cerebellum. These findings clarify the location of the neck region in the motor homunculus and help to reconcile some of the conflicting results obtained in earlier studies.
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184
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Eiler WJ, Džemidžić M, Case KR, Soeurt CM, Armstrong CL, Mattes RD, O'Connor SJ, Harezlak J, Acton AJ, Considine RV, Kareken DA. The apéritif effect: Alcohol's effects on the brain's response to food aromas in women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1386-93. [PMID: 26110891 PMCID: PMC4493764 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consuming alcohol prior to a meal (an apéritif) increases food consumption. This greater food consumption may result from increased activity in brain regions that mediate reward and regulate feeding behavior. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response to the food aromas of either roast beef or Italian meat sauce following pharmacokinetically controlled intravenous infusion of alcohol. METHODS BOLD activation to food aromas in non-obese women (n = 35) was evaluated once during intravenous infusion of 6% v/v EtOH, clamped at a steady-state breath alcohol concentration of 50 mg%, and once during infusion of saline using matching pump rates. Ad libitum intake of roast beef with noodles or Italian meat sauce with pasta following imaging was recorded. RESULTS BOLD activation to food relative to non-food odors in the hypothalamic area was increased during alcohol pre-load when compared to saline. Food consumption was significantly greater, and levels of ghrelin were reduced, following alcohol. CONCLUSIONS An alcohol pre-load increased food consumption and potentiated differences between food and non-food BOLD responses in the region of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus may mediate the interplay of alcohol and responses to food cues, thus playing a role in the apéritif phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J.A. Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mario Džemidžić
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - K. Rose Case
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Christina M. Soeurt
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Richard D. Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sean J. O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anthony J. Acton
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert V. Considine
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David A. Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Corresponding Author: David A. Kareken, Ph.D. Neuropsychology Section (GH 4700) Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine 355 West 16 Street Indianapolis, IN 46202 (317) 963-7212
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185
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Manning J, Reynolds G, Saygin ZM, Hofmann SG, Pollack M, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the frontal-striatal reward system in social anxiety disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125286. [PMID: 25928647 PMCID: PMC4416052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated differences in the intrinsic functional brain organization (functional connectivity) of the human reward system between healthy control participants and patients with social anxiety disorder. Functional connectivity was measured in the resting-state via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 53 patients with social anxiety disorder and 33 healthy control participants underwent a 6-minute resting-state fMRI scan. Functional connectivity of the reward system was analyzed by calculating whole-brain temporal correlations with a bilateral nucleus accumbens seed and a ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed. Patients with social anxiety disorder, relative to the control group, had (1) decreased functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens seed and other regions associated with reward, including ventromedial prefrontal cortex; (2) decreased functional connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed and lateral prefrontal regions, including the anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices; and (3) increased functional connectivity between both the nucleus accumbens seed and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed with more posterior brain regions, including anterior cingulate cortex. Social anxiety disorder appears to be associated with widespread differences in the functional connectivity of the reward system, including markedly decreased functional connectivity between reward regions and between reward regions and lateral prefrontal cortices, and markedly increased functional connectivity between reward regions and posterior brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Manning
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gretchen Reynolds
- Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zeynep M. Saygin
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stefan G. Hofmann
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Pollack
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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186
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Goksan S, Hartley C, Emery F, Cockrill N, Poorun R, Moultrie F, Rogers R, Campbell J, Sanders M, Adams E, Clare S, Jenkinson M, Tracey I, Slater R. fMRI reveals neural activity overlap between adult and infant pain. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25895592 PMCID: PMC4402596 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited understanding of infant pain has led to its lack of recognition in clinical practice. While the network of brain regions that encode the affective and sensory aspects of adult pain are well described, the brain structures involved in infant nociceptive processing are less well known, meaning little can be inferred about the nature of the infant pain experience. Using fMRI we identified the network of brain regions that are active following acute noxious stimulation in newborn infants, and compared the activity to that observed in adults. Significant infant brain activity was observed in 18 of the 20 active adult brain regions but not in the infant amygdala or orbitofrontal cortex. Brain regions that encode sensory and affective components of pain are active in infants, suggesting that the infant pain experience closely resembles that seen in adults. This highlights the importance of developing effective pain management strategies in this vulnerable population. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06356.001 Doctors long believed that infants do not feel pain the way that older children and adults do. Instead, they believed that the infants' responses to discomfort were reflexes. Based on these beliefs, it was a routine practice to perform surgery on infants without suitable pain relief up until the late 1980s. Even now, infants may receive less than ideal pain relief. For example, a review found that although newborns in intensive care units undergo 11 painful procedures per day on average, more than half of the babies received no pain medications. Some guidelines continue to emphasize that for infants cuddling and feeding are more important sources of comfort than pain-relieving drugs. There is growing support for better pain control for infants. Doctors and nurses now routinely observe behaviour and physiological responses—such as heart rate—to assess whether infants are experiencing pain. When an infant shows signs of pain, medical staff may give the infant sugar water or other interventions aimed at reducing their distress. However, recordings of brain activity suggest that infants may experience pain without exhibiting physical signs and that sugar water may reduce the behaviours associated with pain but not the pain itself. More objective measurements of infant pain would be useful, but to create such measurements scientists must first understand how infants experience pain. So Goksan et al. used a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the brain responses of adults and newborns to the same stimulus—a sharp poke of the foot. The adults were also asked about the pain they experienced, and whether the infants pulled their foot away when poked was documented. The fMRI results revealed that pain increased activity in 20 regions in the adults' brains, and 18 of the same regions in the infants' brains. The brain regions activated in the infants' brains in response to a poke on the foot are involved in processing sensations and emotions. The two regions that did not activate in the infant brains—the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex—help individuals interpret the stimuli. Goksan et al. therefore conclude that infants experience pain in similar ways to adults, though they may not experience all the emotions that adults have when they are in pain. It is, therefore, important to give infants suitable pain relief during potentially painful procedures. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06356.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgi Goksan
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hartley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Emery
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Cockrill
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Poorun
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Moultrie
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Rogers
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Campbell
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sanders
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleri Adams
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Clare
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Tracey
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebeccah Slater
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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187
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Lange T, Buechert M, Baumstark MW, Deibert P, Gerner S, Rydén H, Seufert J, Korsten-Reck U. Value of MRI and MRS fat measurements to complement conventional screening methods for childhood obesity. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 42:1214-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology; Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Martin Buechert
- Department of Radiology; Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Manfred W. Baumstark
- Department of Rehabilitative and Preventive Sports Medicine; University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Peter Deibert
- Department of Rehabilitative and Preventive Sports Medicine; University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Sarah Gerner
- Department of Rehabilitative and Preventive Sports Medicine; University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Henric Rydén
- Department of Radiology; Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Jochen Seufert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology; University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Ulrike Korsten-Reck
- Department of Rehabilitative and Preventive Sports Medicine; University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
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188
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R�ssler K, Sommer B, Grummich P, Hamer HM, Pauli E, Coras R, Bl�mcke I, Buchfelder M. Risk Reduction in Dominant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery Combining fMRI/DTI Maps, Neuronavigation and Intraoperative 1.5-Tesla MRI. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2015; 93:168-77. [DOI: 10.1159/000375173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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189
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Saluja RS, Chen JK, Gagnon IJ, Keightley M, Ptito A. Navigational memory functional magnetic resonance imaging: a test for concussion in children. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:712-22. [PMID: 25270364 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Concussions are high incidence injuries with potentially devastating consequences. Youths are at risk because of a higher threat of repeated injury, and cumulative effects of concussions exist, making accurate diagnosis and follow-up essential. This study examines a navigational memory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task to determine whether activation differences exist between children with concussion and uninjured controls. Fifty adolescents were recruited-35 controls and 15 with concussion. All subjects underwent structural and fMRI testing using our navigational memory task, and a battery of neuropsychological testing. The activation patterns of the 15 subjects with concussion were compared with those of 15 age and sex-matched controls. Subtraction and regression analyses were performed using the matched controls along with scatter-plots using means and 95% quantiles of the 35 controls. While no differences were seen with neuropsychological testing or task performance, subjects with concussion had significantly diminished activation in the retrosplenial, thalamic, and parahippocampal areas bilaterally, along with the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left precuneus. Interestingly, they had increased activation in the left hippocampus and right middle temporal gyrus. Regression analysis demonstrated negative correlations between activation and post-concussive symptoms in the left premotor cortex, superior and inferior parietal lobules, and parahippocampal gyrus. Subjects with concussion show both diminished and increased activation in specific cerebral regions, differentiating them from controls. This is one of the first studies to look at such a task using fMRI and its applicability in testing for concussion in children. These findings support navigational memory fMRI as a potential objective test for concussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeet Singh Saluja
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute , Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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190
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Nam H, Lee YJ, Jeong B, Park HJ, Yoon J. Motion correction of magnetic resonance imaging data by using adaptive moving least squares method. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:659-70. [PMID: 25668327 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Image artifacts caused by subject motion during the imaging sequence are one of the most common problems in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and often degrade the image quality. In this study, we develop a motion correction algorithm for the interleaved-MR acquisition. An advantage of the proposed method is that it does not require either additional equipment or redundant over-sampling. The general framework of this study is similar to that of Rohlfing et al. [1], except for the introduction of the following fundamental modification. The three-dimensional (3-D) scattered data approximation method is used to correct the artifacted data as a post-processing step. In order to obtain a better match to the local structures of the given image, we use the data-adapted moving least squares (MLS) method that can improve the performance of the classical method. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haewon Nam
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, S. Korea; Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Inchoen, 406-840, S. Korea.
| | - Yeon Ju Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, S. Korea
| | - Byeongseon Jeong
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, S. Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-749, S. Korea
| | - Jungho Yoon
- Department of Mathematics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, S. Korea.
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191
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Zaitsev M, Maclaren J, Herbst M. Motion artifacts in MRI: A complex problem with many partial solutions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 42:887-901. [PMID: 25630632 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Subject motion during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been problematic since its introduction as a clinical imaging modality. While sensitivity to particle motion or blood flow can be used to provide useful image contrast, bulk motion presents a considerable problem in the majority of clinical applications. It is one of the most frequent sources of artifacts. Over 30 years of research have produced numerous methods to mitigate or correct for motion artifacts, but no single method can be applied in all imaging situations. Instead, a "toolbox" of methods exists, where each tool is suitable for some tasks, but not for others. This article reviews the origins of motion artifacts and presents current mitigation and correction methods. In some imaging situations, the currently available motion correction tools are highly effective; in other cases, appropriate tools still need to be developed. It seems likely that this multifaceted approach will be what eventually solves the motion sensitivity problem in MRI, rather than a single solution that is effective in all situations. This review places a strong emphasis on explaining the physics behind the occurrence of such artifacts, with the aim of aiding artifact detection and mitigation in particular clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Zaitsev
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Maclaren
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Herbst
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Hawaii, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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192
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Reuter M, Tisdall MD, Qureshi A, Buckner RL, van der Kouwe AJW, Fischl B. Head motion during MRI acquisition reduces gray matter volume and thickness estimates. Neuroimage 2014; 107:107-115. [PMID: 25498430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging biomarkers derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are used to quantify normal development, disease, and the effects of disease-modifying therapies. However, motion during image acquisition introduces image artifacts that, in turn, affect derived markers. A systematic effect can be problematic since factors of interest like age, disease, and treatment are often correlated with both a structural change and the amount of head motion in the scanner, confounding the ability to distinguish biology from artifact. Here we evaluate the effect of head motion during image acquisition on morphometric estimates of structures in the human brain using several popular image analysis software packages (FreeSurfer 5.3, VBM8 SPM, and FSL Siena 5.0.7). Within-session repeated T1-weighted MRIs were collected on 12 healthy volunteers while performing different motion tasks, including two still scans. We show that volume and thickness estimates of the cortical gray matter are biased by head motion with an average apparent volume loss of roughly 0.7%/mm/min of subject motion. Effects vary across regions and remain significant after excluding scans that fail a rigorous quality check. In view of these results, the interpretation of reported morphometric effects of movement disorders or other conditions with increased motion tendency may need to be revisited: effects may be overestimated when not controlling for head motion. Furthermore, drug studies with hypnotic, sedative, tranquilizing, or neuromuscular-blocking substances may contain spurious "effects" of reduced atrophy or brain growth simply because they affect motion distinct from true effects of the disease or therapeutic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reuter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abid Qureshi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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193
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Abstract
Optimal periods during early development facilitate the formation of perceptual representations, laying the framework for future learning. A crucial question is whether such early representations are maintained in the brain over time without continued input. Using functional MRI, we show that internationally adopted (IA) children from China, exposed exclusively to French since adoption (mean age of adoption, 12.8 mo), maintained neural representations of their birth language despite functionally losing that language and having no conscious recollection of it. Their neural patterns during a Chinese lexical tone discrimination task matched those observed in Chinese/French bilinguals who have had continual exposure to Chinese since birth and differed from monolingual French speakers who had never been exposed to Chinese. They processed lexical tone as linguistically relevant, despite having no Chinese exposure for 12.6 y, on average, and no conscious recollection of that language. More specifically, IA participants recruited left superior temporal gyrus/planum temporale, matching the pattern observed in Chinese/French bilinguals. In contrast, French speakers who had never been exposed to Chinese did not recruit this region and instead activated right superior temporal gyrus. We show that neural representations are not overwritten and suggest a special status for language input obtained during the first year of development.
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194
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Sinopoli KJ, Chen JK, Wells G, Fait P, Ptito A, Taha T, Keightley M. Imaging “Brain Strain” in Youth Athletes with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury during Dual-Task Performance. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:1843-59. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katia J. Sinopoli
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jen-Kai Chen
- McGill University Health Centre and Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Greg Wells
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe Fait
- Department of Physical Activity Science, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Research Group on Neuromusculoskeletal Dysfunctions, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Alain Ptito
- McGill University Health Centre and Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tim Taha
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Keightley
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy and Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science and Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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195
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Ith M, Stettler C, Xu J, Boesch C, Kreis R. Cardiac lipid levels show diurnal changes and long-term variations in healthy human subjects. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1285-1292. [PMID: 25181700 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
(1) H-MRS is regularly applied to determine lipid content in ectopic tissue - mostly skeletal muscle and liver - to investigate physiological and/or pathologic conditions, e.g. insulin resistance. Technical developments also allow non-invasive in vivo assessment of cardiac lipids; however, basic data about methodological reliability (repeatability) and physiological variations are scarce. The aim of the presented work was to determine potential diurnal changes of cardiac lipid stores in humans, and to put the results in relation to methodological repeatability and normal physiological day-to-day variations. Optimized cardiac- and respiratory-gated (1) H-MRS was used for non-invasive quantification of intracardiomyocellular lipids (ICCL), creatine, trimethyl-ammonium compounds (TMA), and taurine in nine healthy young men at three time points per day on two days separated by one week. This design allowed determination of (a) diurnal changes, (b) physiological variation over one week and (c) methodological repeatability of the ICCL levels. Comparison of fasted morning to post-absorptive evening measurements revealed a significant 37 ± 19% decrease of ICCL during the day (p = 0.0001). There was a significant linear correlation between ICCL levels in the morning and their decrease during the day (p = 0.015). Methodological repeatability for the ICCL/creatine ratio was excellent, with a coefficient of variance of ~5%, whereas physiological variation was found to be considerably higher (22%) in spite of a standardized physiological preparation protocol. In contrast, TMA levels remained stable over this time period. The proposed (1) H-MRS technique provides a robust way to investigate relevant physiological changes in cardiac metabolites, in particular ICCL. The present results suggest that ICCL reveal a diurnal course, with higher levels in the morning as compared to evening. In addition, a considerable long-term variation of ICCL levels, in both the morning and evening, was documented. Given the high methodological repeatability, these effects should be taken into account in studies investigating the metabolic role of ICCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ith
- University Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University and Inselspital Bern, Switzerland
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196
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Gumus K, Keating B, White N, Andrews-Shigaki B, Armstrong B, Maclaren J, Zaitsev M, Dale A, Ernst T. Comparison of optical and MR-based tracking. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:894-902. [PMID: 25257096 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to compare the accuracy of two real-time motion tracking systems in the MR environment: MR-based prospective motion correction (PROMO) and optical moiré phase tracking (MPT). METHODS Five subjects performed eight predefined head rotations of 8° ± 3° while being simultaneously tracked with PROMO and MPT. Structural images acquired immediately before and after each tracking experiment were realigned with SPM8 to provide a reference measurement. RESULTS Mean signed errors (MSEs) in MPT tracking relative to SPM8 were less than 0.3 mm and 0.2° in all 6 degrees of freedom, and MSEs in PROMO tracking ranged up to 0.2 mm and 0.3°. MPT and PROMO significantly differed from SPM8 in y-translation and y-rotation values (P < 0.05). Maximum absolute errors ranged up to 2.8 mm and 2.1° for MPT, and 2.2 mm and 2.9° for PROMO. CONCLUSION This study presents the first in vivo comparison of MPT and PROMO tracking. Our data show that two methods yielded similar performances (within 1 mm and 1° standard deviation) relative to reference image registration. Tracking errors of both systems were larger than offline tests. Future work is required for further comparison of two methods in vivo with higher precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Gumus
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brian Keating
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Nathan White
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian Andrews-Shigaki
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Armstrong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julian Maclaren
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maxim Zaitsev
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anders Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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197
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Gregory MD, Agam Y, Selvadurai C, Nagy A, Vangel M, Tucker M, Robertson EM, Stickgold R, Manoach DS. Resting state connectivity immediately following learning correlates with subsequent sleep-dependent enhancement of motor task performance. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:666-73. [PMID: 25173415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ongoing debate concerning the functions of resting-state brain activity. Prior work demonstrates that memory encoding enhances subsequent resting-state functional connectivity within task-relevant networks and that these changes predict better recognition. Here, we used functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to examine whether task-induced changes in resting-state connectivity correlate with performance improvement after sleep. In two separate sessions, resting-state scans were acquired before and after participants performed a motor task. In one session participants trained on the motor sequence task (MST), a well-established probe of sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and were tested the next day, after a night of sleep. In the other session they performed a motor control task (MCT) that minimized learning. In an accompanying behavioral control study, participants trained on the MST and were tested after either a night of sleep or an equivalent interval of daytime wake. Both the fcMRI and the sleep control groups showed significant improvement of MST performance, while the wake control group did not. In the fcMRI group, increased connectivity in bilateral motor cortex following MST training correlated with this next-day improvement. This increased connectivity did not appear to reflect initial learning since it did not correlate with learning during training and was not greater after MST training than MCT performance. Instead, we hypothesize that this increased connectivity processed the new memories for sleep-dependent consolidation. Our findings demonstrate that physiological processes immediately after learning correlate with sleep-dependent performance improvement and suggest that the wakeful resting brain prepares memories of recent experiences for later consolidation during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Gregory
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yigal Agam
- Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chindhuri Selvadurai
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Mark Vangel
- Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Matthew Tucker
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edwin M Robertson
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dara S Manoach
- Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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198
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Christodoulou JA, Del Tufo SN, Lymberis J, Saxler PK, Ghosh SS, Triantafyllou C, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Gabrieli JDE. Brain bases of reading fluency in typical reading and impaired fluency in dyslexia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100552. [PMID: 25058010 PMCID: PMC4109933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the neural systems supporting single word reading are well studied, there are limited direct comparisons between typical and dyslexic readers of the neural correlates of reading fluency. Reading fluency deficits are a persistent behavioral marker of dyslexia into adulthood. The current study identified the neural correlates of fluent reading in typical and dyslexic adult readers, using sentences presented in a word-by-word format in which single words were presented sequentially at fixed rates. Sentences were presented at slow, medium, and fast rates, and participants were asked to decide whether each sentence did or did not make sense semantically. As presentation rates increased, participants became less accurate and slower at making judgments, with comprehension accuracy decreasing disproportionately for dyslexic readers. In-scanner performance on the sentence task correlated significantly with standardized clinical measures of both reading fluency and phonological awareness. Both typical readers and readers with dyslexia exhibited widespread, bilateral increases in activation that corresponded to increases in presentation rate. Typical readers exhibited significantly larger gains in activation as a function of faster presentation rates than readers with dyslexia in several areas, including left prefrontal and left superior temporal regions associated with semantic retrieval and semantic and phonological representations. Group differences were more extensive when behavioral differences between conditions were equated across groups. These findings suggest a brain basis for impaired reading fluency in dyslexia, specifically a failure of brain regions involved in semantic retrieval and semantic and phonological representations to become fully engaged for comprehension at rapid reading rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A. Christodoulou
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephanie N. Del Tufo
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John Lymberis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patricia K. Saxler
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Satrajit S. Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina Triantafyllou
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Dissociable genetic contributions to error processing: a multimodal neuroimaging study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101784. [PMID: 25010186 PMCID: PMC4092014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies reliably identify two markers of error commission: the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential, and functional MRI activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). While theorized to reflect the same neural process, recent evidence suggests that the ERN arises from the posterior cingulate cortex not the dACC. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these two error markers also have different genetic mediation. METHODS We measured both error markers in a sample of 92 comprised of healthy individuals and those with diagnoses of schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder. Participants performed the same task during functional MRI and simultaneously acquired magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography. We examined the mediation of the error markers by two single nucleotide polymorphisms: dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) C-521T (rs1800955), which has been associated with the ERN and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133), which has been associated with error-related dACC activation. We then compared the effects of each polymorphism on the two error markers modeled as a bivariate response. RESULTS We replicated our previous report of a posterior cingulate source of the ERN in healthy participants in the schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder groups. The effect of genotype on error markers did not differ significantly by diagnostic group. DRD4 C-521T allele load had a significant linear effect on ERN amplitude, but not on dACC activation, and this difference was significant. MTHFR C677T allele load had a significant linear effect on dACC activation but not ERN amplitude, but the difference in effects on the two error markers was not significant. CONCLUSIONS DRD4 C-521T, but not MTHFR C677T, had a significant differential effect on two canonical error markers. Together with the anatomical dissociation between the ERN and error-related dACC activation, these findings suggest that these error markers have different neural and genetic mediation.
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Schmüser L, Sebastian A, Mobascher A, Lieb K, Tüscher O, Feige B. Data-driven analysis of simultaneous EEG/fMRI using an ICA approach. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:175. [PMID: 25071427 PMCID: PMC4077017 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its millisecond-scale temporal resolution, EEG allows to assess neural correlates with precisely defined temporal relationship relative to a given event. This knowledge is generally lacking in data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which has a temporal resolution on the scale of seconds so that possibilities to combine the two modalities are sought. Previous applications combining event-related potentials (ERPs) with simultaneous fMRI BOLD generally aimed at measuring known ERP components in single trials and correlate the resulting time series with the fMRI BOLD signal. While it is a valuable first step, this procedure cannot guarantee that variability of the chosen ERP component is specific for the targeted neurophysiological process on the group and single subject level. Here we introduce a newly developed data-driven analysis procedure that automatically selects task-specific electrophysiological independent components (ICs). We used single-trial simultaneous EEG/fMRI analysis of a visual Go/Nogo task to assess inhibition-related EEG components, their trial-to-trial amplitude variability, and the relationship between this variability and the fMRI. Single-trial EEG/fMRI analysis within a subgroup of 22 participants revealed positive correlations of fMRI BOLD signal with EEG-derived regressors in fronto-striatal regions which were more pronounced in an early compared to a late phase of task execution. In sum, selecting Nogo-related ICs in an automated, single subject procedure reveals fMRI-BOLD responses correlated to different phases of task execution. Furthermore, to illustrate utility and generalizability of the method beyond detecting the presence or absence of reliable inhibitory components in the EEG, we show that the IC selection can be extended to other events in the same dataset, e.g., the visual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schmüser
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sebastian
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Arian Mobascher
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Neurology, Albert Ludwigs University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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