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Alessi J, Dzemidzic M, Benson K, Chittum G, Kosobud A, Harezlak J, Plawecki MH, O'Connor SJ, Kareken DA. Correction: High-intensity sweet taste as a predictor of subjective alcohol responses to the ascending limb of an intravenous alcohol prime: an fMRI study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:633. [PMID: 37640923 PMCID: PMC10789726 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Alessi
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Katherine Benson
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Clinical Psychology Graduate Program, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - George Chittum
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ann Kosobud
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sean J O'Connor
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Alessi J, Dzemidzic M, Benson K, Chittum G, Kosobud A, Harezlak J, Plawecki MH, O'Connor SJ, Kareken DA. High-intensity sweet taste as a predictor of subjective alcohol responses to the ascending limb of an intravenous alcohol prime: an fMRI study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:396-404. [PMID: 37550441 PMCID: PMC10724194 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity sweet-liking has been linked to alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk. However, the neural underpinning of this association is poorly understood. To find a biomarker predictive of AUD, 140 participants (social and heavy drinkers, ages 21-26) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a monetary incentive delay (MID) task and stimulation with high (SucroseHigh)- and low-concentration sucrose, as well as viscosity-matched water. On another day after imaging, and just before free-access intravenous alcohol self-administration, participants experienced a 30 mg% alcohol prime (10 min ascent) using the Computerized Alcohol Infusion System. Principal component analysis (PCA) of subjective responses (SR) to the prime's ascending limb generated enjoyable (SRenjoy) and sedative (SRsed) intoxication components. Another PCA created one component reflective of self-administered alcohol exposure (AE) over 90 min. Component loadings were entered as regressors in a voxel-wise general linear fMRI model, with reward type as a fixed factor. By design, peak prime breath alcohol concentration was similar across participants (29 ± 3.4 mg%). SRenjoy on the prime's ascending limb correlated positively with [SucroseHigh > Water] in the supplementary motor area and right dorsal anterior insula, implicating the salience network. Neither SR component correlated with the brain's response to MID. AE was unrelated to brain reward activation. While these findings do not support a relationship between alcohol self-administration and (1) subjective liking of or (2) regional brain response to an intensely sweet taste, they show that alcohol's enjoyable intoxicating effects on the rising limb correspond with anterior insular and supplementary motor area responses to high-concentration sucrose taste. No such associations were observed with MID despite robust activation in those regions. Insula and supplementary motor area responses to intense sensations relate to a known risk factor for AUD in a way that is not apparent with a secondary (monetary) reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Alessi
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Katherine Benson
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Clinical Psychology Graduate Program, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - George Chittum
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ann Kosobud
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sean J O'Connor
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Cyders MA, Plawecki MH, Whitt ZT, Kosobud AE, Kareken DA, Zimmermann US, O'Connor SJ. Translating preclinical models of alcohol seeking and consumption into the human laboratory using intravenous alcohol self-administration paradigms. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13016. [PMID: 33543589 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have advanced theoretical, mechanistic, and pharmacological study of the human condition. "Liking" and "wanting" behaviors reflect core processes underlying several models of AUD. However, the development and application of translational models of these preclinical approaches are at an incipient stage. The goal of this study was to examine how intravenous free-access and progressive-ratio, operant-response human alcohol self-administration paradigms can be used as translational human model parallels of preclinical "liking" and "wanting." Participants were 40 adults (mean age = 23.7, SD = 2.0; 45% female) of European descent who reported 12.6 drinking days (SD = 5.2) out of the previous 30 (average = 4.1 drinks per drinking day [SD = 1.7]). Individuals diverged in their alcohol self-administration behavior, such that free-access and progressive-ratio paradigm outcomes were not significantly correlated (p = 0.44). Free-access alcohol seeking was related to enjoying alcohol (p < 0.001), but not craving (p = 0.48), whereas progressive-ratio seeking at similar levels of alcohol exposure was related to craving (p = 0.02), but not enjoying (p = 0.30). Family history of alcoholism, venturesomeness traits, and disinhibition traits were unrelated (ps > 0.70) to preferred level of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) in the free-access session, a measure of liking alcohol. Family history of alcoholism, disinhibition traits, and recent drinking history were significantly related (ps < 0.05) to alcohol seeking in the progressive-ratio paradigm, a measure of wanting alcohol. We conclude that intravenous alcohol self-administration paradigms show promise in modeling behaviors that characterize and parallel alcohol "liking" and "wanting" in preclinical models. These paradigms provide a translational link between preclinical methods and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Martin H. Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Zachary T. Whitt
- Department of Psychology Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Ann E.K. Kosobud
- Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - David A. Kareken
- Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Ulrich S. Zimmermann
- School of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of Addiction Medicine and Psychotherapy kbo Isar‐Amper‐Klinikum Munich Germany
| | - Sean J. O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
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Weafer J, Gorka SM, Dzemidzic M, Kareken DA, Phan KL, de Wit H. Neural correlates of inhibitory control are associated with stimulant-like effects of alcohol. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1442-1450. [PMID: 33947965 PMCID: PMC8208996 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Poor inhibitory control and heightened feelings of stimulation after alcohol are two well-established risk factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Although these risk factors have traditionally been viewed as orthogonal, recent evidence suggests that the two are related and may share common neurobiological mechanisms. Here we examined the degree to which neural activity during inhibition was associated with subjective reports of stimulation following alcohol. To assess neural changes during inhibition, moderate alcohol drinkers performed a stop signal task during fMRI without drug. To assess subjective responses to alcohol they ingested alcohol (0.8 g/kg) or placebo beverages under double-blind conditions and provided subjective reports of stimulation and sedation. Feelings of stimulation following alcohol were inversely associated with activity in the supplementary motor area, insula, and middle frontal gyrus during inhibition (successful stop trials compared to go trials). Feelings of sedation did not correlate with brain activation. These results extend previous findings suggesting that poor inhibitory control is associated with more positive subjective responses to alcohol. These interrelated risk factors may contribute to susceptibility to future excessive alcohol use, and ultimately lead to neurobiological targets to prevent or treat AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Oberlin BG, Carron CR, Ramer NE, Plawecki MH, O'Connor SJ, Kareken DA. Intoxication Effects on Impulsive Alcohol Choice in Heavy Drinkers: Correlation With Sensation Seeking and Differential Effects by Commodity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 45:204-214. [PMID: 33119917 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preference for immediate rewards and high sensation seeking are both potent risk factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD), but how they interact during intoxication is poorly understood. To model decision making linked to AUD risk, we tested heavy drinkers for impulsive choice (delay discounting with alcohol:money or money:money) and behavioral sensation seeking using a novel odor choice task. Laboratory tasks measured actual behavior with real contingencies. Our goals were to determine, in heavy drinkers, (i) alcohol's effects on delay discounting, and (ii) how AUD risk factors relate to delay discounting, and (iii) how delay discounting with alcohol choices compares with strictly monetary choices. METHODS Thirty-five heavy drinkers (≥2 binges per month; age = 22.8 ± 2.2; 20 male; 5.8 ± 2.3 drinks/drinking day) performed cross-commodity discounting (CCD) of immediate alcohol vs. delayed money, a monetary delay discounting (DD), and behavioral sensation-seeking tasks. CCD and DD were performed while sober and during controlled alcohol infusion targeting 0.08 g/dl. The behavioral sensation-seeking task presented binary choices of odorants varying in intensity and novelty, and the risk of exposure to a malodorant. RESULTS CCD and DD behaviors were highly correlated across conditions, mean r = 0.64. Alcohol increased delayed reward preference in DD, p = 0.001, but did not alter mean CCD, p > 0.16. However, alcohol-induced changes in CCD correlated with behavioral sensation seeking, such that higher sensation seekers' immediate alcohol preference increased when intoxicated, p = 0.042; self-reported sensation seeking was uncorrelated, ps > 0.08. Behavioral sensation seeking also correlated with "want" alcohol following a priming dose targeting 0.035 g/dl, p = 0.021. CCD and DD did not correlate with self-reported drinking problems or other personality risk traits. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol increased impulsive alcohol choice in high sensation seekers, suggesting an interaction that may underlie impaired control of drinking, at least in a subset of heavy drinkers-consistent with models highlighting high novelty/sensation-seeking AUD subtypes. Discounting behavior overall appears to be a generalized process, and relatively stable across methods, repeated testing, and intoxication. These findings further support the utility of behavioral tasks in uncovering key behavioral phenotypes in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Psychiatry (BGO, MHP, SJO, DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Neurology (BGO, CRC, DAK), IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Psychology (BGO, NER), Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute (BGO, DAK), IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Claire R Carron
- Department of Neurology (BGO, CRC, DAK), IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nolan E Ramer
- Department of Psychology (BGO, NER), Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry (BGO, MHP, SJO, DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sean J O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry (BGO, MHP, SJO, DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Psychiatry (BGO, MHP, SJO, DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Neurology (BGO, CRC, DAK), IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute (BGO, DAK), IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (DAK), Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Amico E, Dzemidzic M, Oberlin BG, Carron CR, Harezlak J, Goñi J, Kareken DA. The disengaging brain: Dynamic transitions from cognitive engagement and alcoholism risk. Neuroimage 2020; 209:116515. [PMID: 31904492 PMCID: PMC8496455 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human functional brain connectivity is usually measured either at "rest" or during cognitive tasks, ignoring life's moments of mental transition. We propose a different approach to understanding brain network transitions. We applied a novel independent component analysis of functional connectivity during motor inhibition (stop signal task) and during the continuous transition to an immediately ensuing rest. A functional network reconfiguration process emerged that: (i) was most prominent in those without familial alcoholism risk, (ii) encompassed brain areas engaged by the task, yet (iii) appeared only transiently after task cessation. The pattern was not present in a pre-task rest scan or in the remaining minutes of post-task rest. Finally, this transient network reconfiguration related to a key behavioral trait of addiction risk: reward delay discounting. These novel findings illustrate how dynamic brain functional reconfiguration during normally unstudied periods of cognitive transition might reflect addiction vulnerability, and potentially other forms of brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Amico
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, USA; School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, USA
| | - Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Claire R Carron
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, USA
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, USA; School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, USA.
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, USA.
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Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a destructive compulsion characterized by chronic relapse and poor recovery outcomes. Heightened reactivity to alcohol-associated stimuli and compromised executive function are hallmarks of alcohol use disorder. Interventions targeting these two interacting domains are thought to ameliorate these altered states, but the mutual brain sites of action are yet unknown. Although interventions on alcohol cue reactivity affect reward area responses, how treatments alter brain responses when subjects exert executive effort to delay gratification is not as well-characterized. Focusing on interventions that could be developed into effective clinical treatments, we review and identify brain sites of action for these two categories of potential therapies. Using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis, we find that interventions on alcohol cue reactivity localize to ventral prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate, and temporal, striatal, and thalamic regions. Interventions for increasing delayed reward preference elicit changes mostly in midline default mode network regions, including posterior cingulate, precuneus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex-in addition to temporal and parietal regions. Anatomical co-localization of effects appears in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, whereas effects specific to delay-of-gratification appear in the posterior cingulate and precuneus. Thus, the current available literature suggests that interventions in the domains of cue reactivity and delay discounting alter brain activity along midline default mode regions, specifically in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for both domains, and the posterior cingulate/precuneus for delay-of-gratification. We believe that these findings could facilitate targeting and development of new interventions, and ultimately treatments of this challenging disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,, USA.
- Addiction Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, School of Science, Indianapolis, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
| | - Yitong I Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Oberlin BG, Ramer NE, Bates SM, Shen YI, Myslinski JS, Kareken DA, Cyders MA. Quantifying Behavioral Sensation Seeking With the Aroma Choice Task. Assessment 2019; 27:873-886. [PMID: 31353921 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119864659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to develop a behavioral measure of sensation seeking (SS). The Aroma Choice Task (ACT) assesses preference for an intense, novel, varied, and risky (exciting) option versus a mild, safe (boring) option using real-time odorant delivery. A total of 147 healthy young adults completed 40 binary choice trials. We examined (1) intensity and pleasantness of odorants, (2) stability of responding, (3) association with SS self-report, and (4) association with self-reported illicit drug use. Participants' preference for the "exciting" option versus the safe option was significantly associated with self-reported SS (p < .001) and illicit drug use (p = .041). Odorant ratings comported with their intended intensity. The ACT showed good internal, convergent, and criterion validity. We propose that the ACT might permit more objective SS assessment for investigating the biological bases of psychiatric conditions marked by high SS, particularly addiction. The ACT measures SS behaviorally, mitigating some self-report challenges and enabling real-time assessment, for example, for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Oberlin
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nolan E Ramer
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sage M Bates
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yitong I Shen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeremy S Myslinski
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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9
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Kudela MA, Dzemidzic M, Oberlin BG, Lin Z, Goñi J, Kareken DA, Harezlak J. Semiparametric Estimation of Task-Based Dynamic Functional Connectivity on the Population Level. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:583. [PMID: 31293367 PMCID: PMC6598619 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) estimates time-dependent associations between pairs of brain region time series as typically acquired during functional MRI. dFC changes are most commonly quantified by pairwise correlation coefficients between the time series within a sliding window. Here, we applied a recently developed bootstrap-based technique (Kudela et al., 2017) to robustly estimate subject-level dFC and its confidence intervals in a task-based fMRI study (24 subjects who tasted their most frequently consumed beer and Gatorade as an appetitive control). We then combined information across subjects and scans utilizing semiparametric mixed models to obtain a group-level dFC estimate for each pair of brain regions, flavor, and the difference between flavors. The proposed approach relies on the estimated group-level dFC accounting for complex correlation structures of the fMRI data, multiple repeated observations per subject, experimental design, and subject-specific variability. It also provides condition-specific dFC and confidence intervals for the whole brain at the group level. As a summary dFC metric, we used the proportion of time when the estimated associations were either significantly positive or negative. For both flavors, our fully-data driven approach yielded regional associations that reflected known, biologically meaningful brain organization as shown in prior work, as well as closely resembled resting state networks (RSNs). Specifically, beer flavor-potentiated associations were detected between several reward-related regions, including the right ventral striatum (VST), lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and ventral anterior insular cortex (vAIC). The enhancement of right VST-vAIC association by a taste of beer independently validated the main activation-based finding (Oberlin et al., 2016). Most notably, our novel dFC methodology uncovered numerous associations undetected by the traditional static FC analysis. The data-driven, novel dFC methodology presented here can be used for a wide range of task-based fMRI designs to estimate the dFC at multiple levels—group-, individual-, and task-specific, utilizing a combination of well-established statistical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Kudela
- Safety and Observational Statistics, Takeda R&D Data Science Institute, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zikai Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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10
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Oberlin BG, Dzemidzic M, Eiler WJ, Carron CR, Soeurt CM, Plawecki MH, Grahame NJ, O’Connor SJ, Kareken DA. Pairing neutral cues with alcohol intoxication: new findings in executive and attention networks. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2725-2737. [PMID: 30066136 PMCID: PMC6119082 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol-associated stimuli capture attention, yet drinkers differ in the precise stimuli that become paired with intoxication. OBJECTIVES Extending our prior work to examine the influence of alcoholism risk factors, we paired abstract visual stimuli with intravenous alcohol delivered covertly and examined brain responses to these Pavlovian-conditioned stimuli in fMRI when subjects were not intoxicated. METHODS Sixty healthy drinkers performed task-irrelevant alcohol conditioning that presented geometric shapes as conditioned stimuli. Shapes were paired with a rapidly rising alcohol limb (conditioned stimulus; CS+) using intravenous alcohol infusion targeting a final peak breath alcohol concentration of 0.045 g/dL or saline (CS-) infusion at matched rates. On day 2, subjects performed monetary delay discounting outside the scanner to assess delay tolerance and then underwent event-related fMRI while performing the same task with CS+, CS-, and an irrelevant symbol. RESULTS CS+ elicited stronger activation than CS- in frontoparietal executive/attention and orbitofrontal reward-associated networks. Risk factors including family history, recent drinking, sex, and age of drinking onset did not relate to the [CS+ > CS-] activation. Delay-tolerant choice and [CS+ > CS-] activation in right inferior parietal cortex were positively related. CONCLUSIONS Networks governing executive attention and reward showed enhanced responses to stimuli experimentally paired with intoxication, with the right parietal cortex implicated in both alcohol cue pairing and intertemporal choice. While different from our previous study results in 14 men, we believe this paradigm in a large sample of male and female drinkers offers novel insights into Pavlovian processes less affected by idiosyncratic drug associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G. Oberlin
- Departments of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Departments of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Departments of Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Departments of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Departments of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - William J.A. Eiler
- Departments of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Claire R. Carron
- Departments of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Christina M. Soeurt
- Departments of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Martin H. Plawecki
- Departments of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nicholas J. Grahame
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sean J. O’Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Department of Roudebush Veteran’s Administration Medical Center
| | - David A. Kareken
- Departments of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Departments of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Departments of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Departments of Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
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11
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Plawecki MH, Windisch KA, Wetherill L, Kosobud AEK, Dzemidzic M, Kareken DA, O'Connor SJ. Alcohol affects the P3 component of an adaptive stop signal task ERP. Alcohol 2018; 70:1-10. [PMID: 29705707 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP) has been particularly useful in alcohol research for identifying endophenotypes of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) risk in sober subjects. However, practice and/or fatigue reduce P3 amplitude, limiting the ability to ascertain acute and adaptive effects of alcohol exposure. Here, we report acute alcohol effects on P3 amplitude and latency using an adaptive stop signal task (aSST). METHODS One hundred forty-eight non-dependent moderate to heavy social drinkers, ages 21 to 27, participated in two single-blind, alcohol or placebo, counterbalanced sessions approximately 1 week apart. During each session, subjects performed an adaptive stop signal task (aSST) at 1) baseline, 2) upon reaching the target 60 mg/dL breath alcohol concentration or at the equivalent time during the placebo session, and 3) approximately 135 min later while the breath alcohol concentration was clamped. Here, we report on differences between baseline and first subsequent measurements across the experimental sessions. During each aSST run, the stop signal delay (SSD, the time between stop and go signals) adjusted trial-by-trial, based on the subject's performance. RESULTS The aSST reliably generated a STOP P3 component that did not change significantly with repeated task performance. The pre-infusion SSD distribution was bimodal, with mean values several hundred msec apart (FAST: 153 msec and SLOW: 390 msec). This suggested different response strategies: FAST SSD favoring "going" over "stopping", and SLOW SSD favoring "stopping" over "going". Exposure to alcohol at 60 mg/dL differentially affected the amplitude and latency of the STOP P3 according to SSD group. Alcohol significantly reduced P3 amplitude in the SLOW SSD compared to the FAST SSD group, but significantly increased P3 latency in the FAST SSD compared to the SLOW SSD group. CONCLUSIONS The aSST is a robust and sensitive task for detecting alcohol-induced changes in inhibition behavior as measured by the P3 component in a within-subject design. Alcohol was associated with P3 component changes, which varied by SSD group, suggesting a differential effect as a function of task strategy. Overall, the data support the potential utility of the aSST in the detection of alcohol response-related AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Kyle A Windisch
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ann E K Kosobud
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sean J O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; R.L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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12
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Eiler WJA, Dzemidzic M, Soeurt CM, Carron CR, Oberlin BG, Considine RV, Harezlak J, Kareken DA. Family history of alcoholism and the human brain response to oral sucrose. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 17:1036-1046. [PMID: 29349037 PMCID: PMC5767843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A heightened hedonic response to sweet tastes has been associated with increased alcohol preference and alcohol consumption in both humans and animals. The principal goal of this study was to examine blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation to high- and low-concentration sweet solutions in subjects who are either positive (FHP) or negative (FHN) for a family history of alcoholism. Seventy-four non-treatment seeking, community-recruited, healthy volunteers (22.8 ± 1.6 SD years; 43% men) rated a range of sucrose concentrations in a taste test and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during oral delivery of water, 0.83 M, and 0.10 M sucrose. Sucrose compared to water produced robust activation in primary gustatory cortex, ventral insula, amygdala, and ventral striatum. FHP subjects displayed greater bilateral amygdala activation than FHN subjects in the low sucrose concentration (0.10 M). In secondary analyses, the right amygdala response to the 0.10 M sucrose was greatest in FHP women. When accounting for group differences in drinks per week, the family history groups remained significantly different in their right amygdala response to 0.10 M sucrose. Our findings suggest that the brain response to oral sucrose differs with a family history of alcoholism, and that this response to a mildly reinforcing primary reward might be an endophenotypic marker of alcoholism risk. Studies in humans and animals have suggested sweet tastes as a trait correlate of alcohol risk. Oral sucrose resulted in robust BOLD activation of gustatory and limbic areas. Amygdala responses to 0.10 M sucrose were greatest in drinkers with family histories of alcoholism. This study is first to suggest endophenotypic brain responses to sucrose in familial alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J A Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christina M Soeurt
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Claire R Carron
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert V Considine
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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13
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Abstract
One of the challenging problems in brain imaging research is a principled incorporation of information from different imaging modalities. Frequently, each modality is analyzed separately using, for instance, dimensionality reduction techniques, which result in a loss of mutual information. We propose a novel regularization-method to estimate the association between the brain structure features and a scalar outcome within the linear regression framework. Our regularization technique provides a principled approach to use external information from the structural brain connectivity and inform the estimation of the regression coefficients. Our proposal extends the classical Tikhonov regularization framework by defining a penalty term based on the structural connectivity-derived Laplacian matrix. Here, we address both theoretical and computational issues. The approach is first illustrated using simulated data and compared with other penalized regression methods. We then apply our regularization method to study the associations between the alcoholism phenotypes and brain cortical thickness using a diffusion imaging derived measure of structural connectivity. Using the proposed methodology in 148 young male subjects with a risk for alcoholism, we found a negative associations between cortical thickness and drinks per drinking day in bilateral caudal anterior cingulate cortex, left lateral OFC and left precentral gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Karas
- 615 N. Wolfe Street, Suite E3039, Baltimore, MD 21205, Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Damian Brzyski
- 1025 E. 7th Street, Suite E112, Bloomington, IN 47405, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- 355 W. 16th Street, Suite 4600, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- 315 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2023, School of Industrial Engineering and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University
| | - David A Kareken
- 355 W. 16th Street, Suite 4348, Indianapolis, IN 46202,, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Timothy W Randolph
- 1100 Fairview Ave. N, M2-B500, Seattle, WA 98109, Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- 1025 E. 7th Street, Suite C107, Bloomington, IN 47405, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington
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14
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Crabb DW, McBride WJ, Grahame NJ, Bell RL, Kareken DA. Lawrence Lumeng, MD: Researcher, Clinician, Leader, Mentor - In Memoriam. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Crabb
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center; Indiana University; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - William J. McBride
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center; Indiana University; Indianapolis Indiana
| | | | - Richard L. Bell
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center; Indiana University; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - David A. Kareken
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center; Indiana University; Indianapolis Indiana
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15
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Johns BT, Taler V, Pisoni DB, Farlow MR, Hake AM, Kareken DA, Unverzagt FW, Jones MN. Cognitive modeling as an interface between brain and behavior: Measuring the semantic decline in mild cognitive impairment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:117-126. [PMID: 28481569 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterised by subjective and objective memory impairment in the absence of dementia. MCI is a strong predictor for the development of Alzheimer's disease, and may represent an early stage in the disease course in many cases. A standard task used in the diagnosis of MCI is verbal fluency, where participants produce as many items from a specific category (e.g., animals) as possible. Verbal fluency performance is typically analysed by counting the number of items produced. However, analysis of the semantic path of the items produced can provide valuable additional information. We introduce a cognitive model that uses multiple types of lexical information in conjunction with a standard memory search process. The model used a semantic representation derived from a standard semantic space model in conjunction with a memory searching mechanism derived from the Luce choice rule (Luce, 1977). The model was able to detect differences in the memory searching process of patients who were developing MCI, suggesting that the formal analysis of verbal fluency data is a promising avenue to examine the underlying changes occurring in the development of cognitive impairment. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Johns
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo
| | | | - David B Pisoni
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Ann Marie Hake
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Michael N Jones
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
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16
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Cyders MA, Dzemidzic M, Eiler WJ, Kareken DA. An fMRI Study of Responses to Sexual Stimuli as a Function of Gender and Sensation Seeking: A Preliminary Analysis. J Sex Res 2016; 53:1020-1026. [PMID: 26813476 PMCID: PMC5050163 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although sexual cues produce stronger neural activation in men than in women, mechanisms underlying this differential response are unclear. We examined the relationship of sensation seeking and the brain's response to sexual stimuli across gender in 27 subjects (14 men, M = 25.2 years, SD = 3.6, 85.2% Caucasian) who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing sexual and nonsexual images. Whole-brain corrected significant clusters of regional activation were extracted and associated with gender, sensation seeking, and sexual behaviors. Men responded more to sexual than nonsexual images in the anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/mPFC), anterior insula/lateral orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral amygdala, and occipital regions. Sensation seeking related positively to ACC/mPFC (r = 0.65, p = 0.01) and left amygdala (r = 0.66, p = 0.01) response in men alone, with both of these correlations being significantly larger in men than in women (ps < 0.03). The relationship between brain responses and self-reported high-risk and low-risk sexual behaviors showed interesting, albeit nonsignificant, gender-specific trends. These findings suggest the relationship between sexual responsivity, sensation seeking, and sexual behavior is gender specific. This study indicates a need to identify the gender-specific mechanisms that underlie sexual responsivity and behaviors. In addition, it demonstrates that the nature of stimuli used to induce positive mood in imaging and other studies should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine
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17
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Drew Sayer R, Tamer GG, Chen N, Tregellas JR, Cornier MA, Kareken DA, Talavage TM, McCrory MA, Campbell WW. Reproducibility assessment of brain responses to visual food stimuli in adults with overweight and obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2057-63. [PMID: 27542906 PMCID: PMC5039059 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The brain's reward system influences ingestive behavior and subsequently obesity risk. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a common method for investigating brain reward function. This study sought to assess the reproducibility of fasting-state brain responses to visual food stimuli using BOLD fMRI. METHODS A priori brain regions of interest included bilateral insula, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, and putamen. Fasting-state fMRI and appetite assessments were completed by 28 women (n = 16) and men (n = 12) with overweight or obesity on 2 days. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing mean fasting-state brain responses and measuring test-retest reliability of these responses on the two testing days. RESULTS Mean fasting-state brain responses on day 2 were reduced compared with day 1 in the left insula and right amygdala, but mean day 1 and day 2 responses were not different in the other regions of interest. With the exception of the left orbitofrontal cortex response (fair reliability), test-retest reliabilities of brain responses were poor or unreliable. CONCLUSIONS fMRI-measured responses to visual food cues in adults with overweight or obesity show relatively good mean-level reproducibility but considerable within-subject variability. Poor test-retest reliability reduces the likelihood of observing true correlations and increases the necessary sample sizes for studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Drew Sayer
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Gregory G Tamer
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas M Talavage
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Megan A McCrory
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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18
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VanderVeen JD, Plawecki MH, Millward JB, Hays J, Kareken DA, O’Connor S, Cyders MA. Negative urgency, mood induction, and alcohol seeking behaviors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 165:151-8. [PMID: 27291583 PMCID: PMC5045899 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative urgency, defined as impulsive risk-taking during extreme negative emotional states, is the most important impulsivity-related trait for alcohol-related problems and alcohol dependence. However, how negative urgency imparts risk for alcohol-related problems is not yet well understood. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine how negative urgency relates to separable aspects of the emotional experience and alcohol-seeking behaviors. METHODS A total of 34 (19 women) community-dwelling, alcohol-using adults aged 21-32 (mean age=24.86, SD=3.40, 74.3% Caucasian) completed two counterbalanced intravenous alcohol self-administration sessions: one during a neutral mood condition and one during a negative mood condition. RESULTS Negative urgency was associated with 1) greater mood change following negative mood induction (F=4.38, df=15, p=0.002, η2=0.87), but was unrelated to changes in craving or cortisol release in response to mood induction; 2) greater alcohol craving prior to and after an alcohol prime (F=3.27, p=0.02, η2=0.86), but only in the negative and not the neutral mood condition; and 3) higher peak BrAC (F=2.13, df=42, p=0.02, η2=0.48), continuing to increase intoxication level over a longer period (F=3.77, df=42, p<0.001, η2=0.62), and more alcohol seeking (F=21.73, df=22, p<0.001, η2=0.94) throughout the negative session. Negative urgency was associated with overall lower cortisol release. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of assessing behavioral indicators of negative urgency under mood condition, and suggest that negative urgency may amplify alcohol self-administration through increased negative emotional reactivity to mood events and increased alcohol craving after initial alcohol exposure, leading to maintenance of alcohol related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Davis VanderVeen
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Psychology
| | | | | | - James Hays
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - David A. Kareken
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry,Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology
| | - Sean O’Connor
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry,R.L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis
| | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Psychology
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19
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Oberlin BG, Dzemidzic M, Harezlak J, Kudela MA, Tran SM, Soeurt CM, Yoder KK, Kareken DA. Corticostriatal and Dopaminergic Response to Beer Flavor with Both fMRI and [(11) C]raclopride Positron Emission Tomography. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1865-73. [PMID: 27459715 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cue-evoked drug-seeking behavior likely depends on interactions between frontal activity and ventral striatal (VST) dopamine (DA) transmission. Using [(11) C]raclopride (RAC) positron emission tomography (PET), we previously demonstrated that beer flavor (absent intoxication) elicited VST DA release in beer drinkers, inferred by RAC displacement. Here, a subset of subjects from this previous RAC-PET study underwent a similar paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test how orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and VST blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses to beer flavor are related to VST DA release and motivation to drink. METHODS Male beer drinkers (n = 28, age = 24 ± 2, drinks/wk = 16 ± 10) from our previous PET study participated in a similar fMRI paradigm wherein subjects tasted their most frequently consumed brand of beer and Gatorade(®) (appetitive control). We tested for correlations between BOLD activation in fMRI and VST DA responses in PET, and drinking-related variables. RESULTS Compared to Gatorade, beer flavor increased wanting and desire to drink, and induced BOLD responses in bilateral OFC and right VST. Wanting and desire to drink correlated with both right VST and medial OFC BOLD activation to beer flavor. Like the BOLD findings, beer flavor (relative to Gatorade) again induced right VST DA release in this fMRI subject subset, but there was no correlation between DA release and the magnitude of BOLD responses in frontal regions of interest. CONCLUSIONS Both imaging modalities showed a right-lateralized VST response (BOLD and DA release) to a drug-paired conditioned stimulus, whereas fMRI BOLD responses in the VST and medial OFC also reflected wanting and desire to drink. The data suggest the possibility that responses to drug-paired cues may be rightward biased in the VST (at least in right-handed males) and that VST and OFC responses in this gustatory paradigm reflect stimulus wanting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Maria A Kudela
- Department of Biostatistics, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stella M Tran
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christina M Soeurt
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Psychiatry, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana
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20
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Yoder KK, Albrecht DS, Dzemidzic M, Normandin MD, Federici LM, Graves T, Herring CM, Hile KL, Walters JW, Liang T, Plawecki MH, O'Connor S, Kareken DA. Differences in IV alcohol-induced dopamine release in the ventral striatum of social drinkers and nontreatment-seeking alcoholics. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 160:163-9. [PMID: 26832934 PMCID: PMC5074339 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Striatal dopamine (DA) has been implicated in alcohol use disorders, but it is still unclear whether or not alcohol can induce dopamine release in social drinkers. Furthermore, no data exist on dopamine responses to alcohol in dependent drinkers. We sought to characterize the DA responses to alcohol intoxication in moderately large samples of social drinkers (SD) and nontreatment-seeking alcoholics (NTS). METHODS Twenty-four SD and twenty-one NTS received two [(11)C]raclopride (RAC) PET scans; one at rest, and one during an intravenous alcohol infusion, with a prescribed ascent to a target breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), at which it was then "clamped." The alcohol clamp was started 5min after scan start, with a linear increase in BrAC over 15min to the target of 80mg%, the legal threshold for intoxication. Target BrAC was maintained for 30min. Voxel-wise binding potential (BPND) was estimated with MRTM2. RESULTS IV EtOH induced significant increases in DA in the right ventral striatum in NTS, but not SD. No decreases in DA were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intoxication results in distinct anatomic profiles of DA responses in SD and NTS, suggesting that in NTS, the striatal DA system may process effects of alcohol intoxication differently than in SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen K. Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM),Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, GH Ste. 4100, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSM, NB Ste. 414, 320 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202,Department of Psychology, Indiana University – Purdue University at Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - Daniel S. Albrecht
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM),Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, GH Ste. 4100, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSM, NB Ste. 414, 320 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM),Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, GH Ste. 4100, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202,Department of Neurology, IUSM; GH Ste. 4700, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - Marc D. Normandin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM)
| | - Lauren M. Federici
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM),Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, GH Ste. 4100, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - Tammy Graves
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM),Department of Medicine, IUSM; 340 W. 10th St., STe. 6200, Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - Christine M. Herring
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM),Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, GH Ste. 4100, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - Karen L. Hile
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM),Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, GH Ste. 4100, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - James W. Walters
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM),Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, GH Ste. 4100, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Department of Medicine, IUSM; 340 W. 10th St., STe. 6200, Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - Martin H. Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, IUSM; GH Ste. 4800, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - Sean O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, IUSM; GH Ste. 4800, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202,Roudebush Veteran's Administration Medical Center, 1481 W. 10th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
| | - David A. Kareken
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2-E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, USA (IUSM),Center for Neuroimaging, IUSM, GH Ste. 4100, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202,Department of Neurology, IUSM; GH Ste. 4700, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202,Department of Psychiatry, IUSM; GH Ste. 4800, 355 W. 16th St., Indianapolis, IN USA 46202
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21
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Charpentier J, Dzemidzic M, West J, Oberlin BG, Eiler WJA, Saykin AJ, Kareken DA. Externalizing personality traits, empathy, and gray matter volume in healthy young drinkers. Psychiatry Res 2016; 248:64-72. [PMID: 26778367 PMCID: PMC4760619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing psychopathology has been linked to prefrontal abnormalities. While clinically diagnosed subjects show altered frontal gray matter, it is unknown if similar deficits relate to externalizing traits in non-clinical populations. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to retrospectively analyze the cerebral gray matter volume of 176 young adult social to heavy drinkers (mean age=24.0±2.9, male=83.5%) from studies of alcoholism risk. We hypothesized that prefrontal gray matter volume and externalizing traits would be correlated. Externalizing personality trait components-Boredom Susceptibility-Impulsivity (BS/IMP) and Empathy/Low Antisocial Behaviors (EMP/LASB)-were tested for correlations with gray matter partial volume estimates (gmPVE). Significantly large clusters (pFWE<0.05, family-wise whole-brain corrected) of gmPVE correlated with EMP/LASB in dorsolateral and medial prefrontal regions, and in occipital cortex. BS/IMP did not correlate with gmPVE, but one scale of impulsivity (Eysenck I7) correlated positively with bilateral inferior frontal/orbitofrontal, and anterior insula gmPVE. In this large sample of community-dwelling young adults, antisocial behavior/low empathy corresponded with reduced prefrontal and occipital gray matter, while impulsivity correlated with increased inferior frontal and anterior insula cortical volume. These findings add to a literature indicating that externalizing personality features involve altered frontal architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Charpentier
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John West
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - William J A Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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22
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Cyders MA, VanderVeen JD, Plawecki M, Millward JB, Hays J, Kareken DA, O’Connor S. Gender-Specific Effects of Mood on Alcohol-Seeking Behaviors: Preliminary Findings Using Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:393-400. [PMID: 26842258 PMCID: PMC5061122 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although negative mood has long been implicated in differences in alcohol seeking by men and women, little research has used precise, well-controlled laboratory experiments to examine how negative mood affects alcohol-seeking behaviors. METHODS A total of 34 (19 women) community-dwelling, alcohol-using adults aged 21 to 32 (mean age = 24.86, SD = 3.40, 74.3% Caucasian; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] = 10.1, SD = 3.4) completed 2 counterbalanced intravenous alcohol self-administration sessions: one under negative mood and one under neutral mood. Fourteen individuals (9 women; mean age = 25.00, SD = 2.77) participated in an alcohol "liking" experiment (i.e., free access [FA] drinking) and 20 individuals (10 women; mean age = 24.77, SD = 3.73) participated in an alcohol "wanting" experiment, in which gaining access to alcohol required progressively effortful work. There was no significant difference between men and women on the AUDIT, t(32) = -0.38, p = 0.71. RESULTS Priming with negative mood induction caused a significant decrease in self-reported mood (mean change = -1.85, t(32) = -6.81, p < 0.001), as intended. In FA, negative mood was associated with a significantly increased peak breath alcohol concentration (BrAC; F = 9.41, p = 0.01), with a trend toward a greater effect in men than in women (F = 2.67, p = 0.13). Negative mood also had a significant effect on peak BrAC achieved in the progressive work paradigm (F = 5.28, p = 0.04), with a significantly stronger effect in men (F = 5.35, p = 0.03) than women; men also trended toward more consistent work for alcohol across both neutral and negative sessions. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings demonstrate a gender-specific response on how mood affects alcohol seeking and suggest gender-specific interventions to prevent mood-based alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Cyders
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Psychology
| | - J. Davis VanderVeen
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Psychology
| | - Martin Plawecki
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | | | - James Hays
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - David A. Kareken
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology
| | - Sean O’Connor
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
- R.L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis
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23
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Sayer RD, Amankwaah AF, Tamer GG, Chen N, Wright AJ, Tregellas JR, Cornier MA, Kareken DA, Talavage TM, McCrory MA, Campbell WW. Effects of Dietary Protein and Fiber at Breakfast on Appetite, ad Libitum Energy Intake at Lunch, and Neural Responses to Visual Food Stimuli in Overweight Adults. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010021. [PMID: 26742068 PMCID: PMC4728635 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing either protein or fiber at mealtimes has relatively modest effects on ingestive behavior. Whether protein and fiber have additive or interactive effects on ingestive behavior is not known. Fifteen overweight adults (5 female, 10 male; BMI: 27.1 ± 0.2 kg/m2; aged 26 ± 1 year) consumed four breakfast meals in a randomized crossover manner (normal protein (12 g) + normal fiber (2 g), normal protein (12 g) + high fiber (8 g), high protein (25 g) + normal fiber (2 g), high protein (25 g) + high fiber (8 g)). The amount of protein and fiber consumed at breakfast did not influence postprandial appetite or ad libitum energy intake at lunch. In the fasting-state, visual food stimuli elicited significant responses in the bilateral insula and amygdala and left orbitofrontal cortex. Contrary to our hypotheses, postprandial right insula responses were lower after consuming normal protein vs. high protein breakfasts. Postprandial responses in other a priori brain regions were not significantly influenced by protein or fiber intake at breakfast. In conclusion, these data do not support increasing dietary protein and fiber at breakfast as effective strategies for modulating neural reward processing and acute ingestive behavior in overweight adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Drew Sayer
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Akua F Amankwaah
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Gregory G Tamer
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Amy J Wright
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Thomas M Talavage
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Megan A McCrory
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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24
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Weafer J, Dzemidzic M, Eiler W, Oberlin BG, Wang Y, Kareken DA. Associations between regional brain physiology and trait impulsivity, motor inhibition, and impaired control over drinking. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:81-7. [PMID: 26065376 PMCID: PMC4536192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trait impulsivity and poor inhibitory control are well-established risk factors for alcohol misuse, yet little is known about the associated neurobiological endophenotypes. Here we examined correlations among brain physiology and self-reported trait impulsive behavior, impaired control over drinking, and a behavioral measure of response inhibition. A sample of healthy drinkers (n = 117) completed a pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) scan to quantify resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), as well as measures of self-reported impulsivity (Eysenck I7 Impulsivity scale) and impaired control over drinking. A subset of subjects (n = 40) performed a stop signal task during blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess brain regions involved in response inhibition. Eysenck I7 scores were inversely related to blood flow in the right precentral gyrus. Significant BOLD activation during response inhibition occurred in an overlapping right frontal motor/premotor region. Moreover, impaired control over drinking was associated with reduced BOLD response in the same region. These findings suggest that impulsive personality and impaired control over drinking are associated with brain physiology in areas implicated in response inhibition. This is consistent with the idea that difficulty controlling behavior is due in part to impairment in motor restraint systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Weafer
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brandon G. Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A. Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Corresponding author: Neuropsychology Section (GH4700), Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Tel.: +1 317-963-7212; Fax: +1 317-963-7211,
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25
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Eiler WJ, Džemidžić M, Case KR, Soeurt CM, Armstrong CL, Mattes RD, O'Connor SJ, Harezlak J, Acton AJ, Considine RV, Kareken DA. The apéritif effect: Alcohol's effects on the brain's response to food aromas in women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1386-93. [PMID: 26110891 PMCID: PMC4493764 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consuming alcohol prior to a meal (an apéritif) increases food consumption. This greater food consumption may result from increased activity in brain regions that mediate reward and regulate feeding behavior. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response to the food aromas of either roast beef or Italian meat sauce following pharmacokinetically controlled intravenous infusion of alcohol. METHODS BOLD activation to food aromas in non-obese women (n = 35) was evaluated once during intravenous infusion of 6% v/v EtOH, clamped at a steady-state breath alcohol concentration of 50 mg%, and once during infusion of saline using matching pump rates. Ad libitum intake of roast beef with noodles or Italian meat sauce with pasta following imaging was recorded. RESULTS BOLD activation to food relative to non-food odors in the hypothalamic area was increased during alcohol pre-load when compared to saline. Food consumption was significantly greater, and levels of ghrelin were reduced, following alcohol. CONCLUSIONS An alcohol pre-load increased food consumption and potentiated differences between food and non-food BOLD responses in the region of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus may mediate the interplay of alcohol and responses to food cues, thus playing a role in the apéritif phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J.A. Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mario Džemidžić
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - K. Rose Case
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Christina M. Soeurt
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Richard D. Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sean J. O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anthony J. Acton
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert V. Considine
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David A. Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Corresponding Author: David A. Kareken, Ph.D. Neuropsychology Section (GH 4700) Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine 355 West 16 Street Indianapolis, IN 46202 (317) 963-7212
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26
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Kosobud AEK, Wetherill L, Plawecki MH, Kareken DA, Liang T, Nurnberger JL, Windisch K, Xuei X, Edenberg HJ, Foroud TM, O'Connor SJ. Adaptation of Subjective Responses to Alcohol is Affected by an Interaction of GABRA2 Genotype and Recent Drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1148-57. [PMID: 26087834 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective perceptions of alcohol intoxication are associated with altered risk for alcohol abuse and dependence. Acute adaptation of these perceptions may influence such risk and may involve genes associated with pleasant perceptions or the relief of anxiety. This study assessed the effect of variation in the GABAA receptor genes GABRG1 and GABRA2 and recent drinking history on the acute adaptation of subjective responses to alcohol. METHODS One hundred and thirty-two nondependent moderate to heavy drinkers, aged 21 to 27, participated in 2 single-blind, counterbalanced sessions, approximately 1 week apart. One session was an intravenous alcohol "clamp," during which breath alcohol concentration was held steady at 60 mg/dl (60 mg%) for 3 hours, and the other an identical session using saline infusion. Subjective perceptions of Intoxication, Enjoyment, Stimulation, Relaxation, Anxiety, Tiredness, and Estimated Number of Drinks were acquired before (baseline), and during the first and final 45 minutes of the clamp. A placebo-adjusted index of the subject's acute adaptation to alcohol was calculated for each of the 7 subjective measures and used in a principal component analysis to create a single aggregate estimate for each subject's adaptive response to alcohol. Analysis of covariance tested whether GABRA2 and GABRG1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes, gender, placebo session, family history of alcoholism, recent drinking history, and the genotype × recent drinking history interaction significantly predicted the adaptive response. RESULTS Recent drinking history (p = 0.01), and recent drinking history × genotype interaction (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with acute adaptation of the subjective responses to alcohol for the GABRA2 SNP rs279858. CONCLUSIONS Higher recent drinking was found to be associated with reduced acute tolerance to positive, stimulating effects of alcohol in carriers of the rs279858 risk allele. We postulate that the GABRA2 effect on alcohol dependence may, in part, be due to its effect on subjective responses to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E K Kosobud
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - John L Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kyle Windisch
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sean J O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,R.L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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27
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Oberlin BG, Albrecht DS, Herring CM, Walters JW, Hile KL, Kareken DA, Yoder KK. Monetary discounting and ventral striatal dopamine receptor availability in nontreatment-seeking alcoholics and social drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2207-16. [PMID: 25563235 PMCID: PMC4545519 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dopamine (DA) in the ventral striatum (VST) has long been implicated in addiction pathologies, yet its role in temporal decision-making is not well-understood. OBJECTIVES To determine if VST DA D2 receptor availability corresponds with greater impulsive choice in both nontreatment-seeking alcoholics (NTS) and social drinkers (SD). METHODS NTS subjects (n = 10) and SD (n = 13) received PET scans at baseline with the D2/D3 radioligand [(11)C]raclopride (RAC). Outside the scanner, subjects performed a delay discounting procedure with monetary rewards. RAC binding potential (BPND) was estimated voxelwise, and correlations were performed to test for relationships between VST BPND and delay discounting performance. Self-reported impulsivity was also tested for correlations with BPND. RESULTS Across all subjects, greater impulsive choice for $20 correlated with lower BPND in the right VST. NTS showed greater impulsive choice than SD and were more impulsive by self-report. Across all subjects, the capacity of larger rewards to reduce impulsive choice (the magnitude effect) correlated negatively (p = 0.028) with problematic alcohol use (AUDIT) scores. Self-reported impulsivity did not correlate with BPND in VST. CONCLUSIONS Preference for immediate reinforcement may reflect greater endogenous striatal DA or lower D2 number, or both. Alcoholic status did not mediate significant effects on VST BPND, suggesting minimal effects from alcohol exposure. The apparent lack of BPND correlation with self-reported impulsivity highlights the need for objective behavioral assays in the study of the neurochemical substrates of behavior. Finally, our results suggest that the magnitude effect may be more sensitive to alcohol-induced problems than single discounting measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G. Oberlin
- Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSOM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Daniel S. Albrecht
- Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IUSOM
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSOM
| | - Christine M. Herring
- Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IUSOM
| | - James W. Walters
- Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IUSOM
| | - Karen L. Hile
- Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IUSOM
| | - David A. Kareken
- Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSOM), Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IUSOM
- Department of Psychiatry, IUSOM
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSOM
| | - Karmen K. Yoder
- Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IUSOM
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSOM
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis
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28
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Deters KD, Risacher SL, Farlow MR, Unverzagt FW, Kareken DA, Hutchins GD, Yoder KK, Murrell JR, Spina S, Epperson F, Gao S, Saykin AJ, Ghetti B. Cerebral hypometabolism and grey matter density in MAPT intron 10 +3 mutation carriers. Am J Neurodegener Dis 2014; 3:103-114. [PMID: 25628962 PMCID: PMC4299725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple systems tauopathy with presenile dementia (MSTD), a form of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 with tau inclusions (FTDP-17T), is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an (a) to (g) transition at position +3 of intron 10 of the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene. The mutation causes overexpression of 4 repeat (4R) tau isoforms with increased 4R/3R ratio leading to neurodegeneration. Clinically, these patients primarily present with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and show disinhibition, disordered social comportment, and impaired executive function, memory, and speech. While altered glucose metabolism has been reported in subjects with sporadic bvFTD, it has yet to be investigated in an FTDP-17 sample of this size. In this study, eleven mutation carriers (5 males; mean age = 48.0 ± 6.9 years) and eight non-carriers (2 males; mean age = 43.7 ± 12.0 years) from a MSTD family were imaged using [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Eight of the MAPT intron 10 +3 mutation carriers met diagnostic criteria for bvFTD at the time of the PET scan, while three MAPT intron 10 +3 carriers were not cognitively impaired at the time of scan. Non-carriers had no clinically-relevant cognitive impairment at the time of the PET scan. Additionally, ten mutation carriers (5 males; mean age = 48.04 ± 2.1 years) and seven non-carriers (2 males; mean age 46.1 ± 4.1 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is an expanded sample size from a previous study. Seven MAPT mutation carriers met diagnostic criteria for bvFTD at the time of the MRI scan. Images were assessed on a voxel-wise basis for the effect of mutation carrier status. SPM8 was used for preprocessing and statistical analyses. Compared to non-carriers, MAPT mutation carriers showed lower [(18)F]FDG uptake bilaterally in the medial temporal lobe, and the parietal and frontal cortices. Anatomical changes were predominantly seen bilaterally in the medial temporal lobe areas which substantially overlapped with the hypometabolism findings. These anatomical and metabolic changes overlap previously described patterns of neurodegeneration in MSTD patients and are consistent with the characteristics of their cognitive dysfunction. These results suggest that neuroimaging can describe the neuropathology associated with this MAPT mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie D Deters
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Frederick W Unverzagt
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gary D Hutchins
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jill R Murrell
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Francine Epperson
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abstract
Studies have reported lower striatal D₂/D₃ receptor availability in both alcoholics and cigarette smokers relative to healthy controls. These substances are commonly co-abused, yet the relationship between comorbid alcohol/tobacco abuse and striatal D₂/D₃ receptor availability has not been examined. We sought to determine the degree to which dual abuse of alcohol and tobacco is associated with lower D₂/D₃ receptor availability. Eighty-one subjects (34 nontreatment-seeking alcoholic smokers [NTS-S], 21 social-drinking smokers [SD-S], and 26 social-drinking non-smokers [SD-NS]) received baseline [(11)C]raclopride scans. D₂/D₃ binding potential (BPND ≡ Bavail/KD) was estimated for ten anatomically defined striatal regions of interest (ROIs). Significant group effects were detected in bilateral pre-commissural dorsal putamen, bilateral pre-commissural dorsal caudate; and bilateral post-commissural dorsal putamen. Post-hoc testing revealed that, regardless of drinking status, smokers had lower D₂/D₃ receptor availability than non-smoking controls. Chronic tobacco smokers have lower striatal D₂/D₃ receptor availability than non-smokers, independent of alcohol use. Additional studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which chronic tobacco smoking is associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Albrecht
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2 E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Cyders MA, Dzemidzic M, Eiler WJ, Coskunpinar A, Karyadi KA, Kareken DA. Negative Urgency Mediates the Relationship between Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex Activation to Negative Emotional Stimuli and General Risk-Taking. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:4094-102. [PMID: 24904065 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendency toward impulsive behavior under emotional duress (negative and positive urgency) predicts a wide range of maladaptive risk-taking and behavioral disorders. However, it remains unclear how urgency relates to limbic system activity as induced from emotional provocation. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the relationship between brain responses to visual emotional stimuli and urgency traits. Twenty-seven social drinkers (mean age = 25.2, 14 males) viewed negative (Neg), neutral (Neu), and positive (Pos) images during 6 fMRI scans. Brain activation was extracted from a priori limbic regions previously identified in studies of emotional provocation. The right posterior orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and left amygdala were activated in the [Neg>Neu] contrast, whereas the left posterior OFC was activated in the [Pos>Neu] contrast. Negative urgency was related to the right lateral OFC (r = 0.43, P = 0.03) and the left amygdala (r = 0.39, P = 0.04) [Neg>Neu] activation. Negative urgency also mediated the relationship between [Neg>Neu] activation and general risk-taking (regression weights = 3.42 for right OFC and 2.75 for the left amygdala). Emotional cue-induced activation in right lateral OFC and left amygdala might relate to emotion-based risk-taking through negative urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William J Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Eiler WJA, Dzemidzic M, Case KR, Armstrong CLH, Mattes RD, Cyders MA, Considine RV, Kareken DA. Ventral frontal satiation-mediated responses to food aromas in obese and normal-weight women. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:1309-18. [PMID: 24695888 PMCID: PMC4021781 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory properties of foods promote and guide consumption in hunger states, whereas satiation should dampen the sensory activation of ingestive behaviors. Such activation may be disordered in obese individuals. OBJECTIVE Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we studied regional brain responses to food odor stimulation in the sated state in obese and normal-weight individuals targeting ventral frontal regions known to be involved in coding for stimulus reward value. DESIGN Forty-eight women (25 normal weight; 23 obese) participated in a 2-day (fed compared with fasting) fMRI study while smelling odors of 2 foods and an inedible, nonfood object. Analyses were conducted to permit an examination of both general and sensory-specific satiation (satiation effects specific to a given food). RESULTS Normal-weight subjects showed significant blood oxygen level-dependent responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to food aromas compared with responses induced by the odor of an inedible object. Normal-weight subjects also showed general (but not sensory-specific) satiation effects in both the vmPFC and orbitofrontal cortex. Obese subjects showed no differential response to the aromas of food and the inedible object when fasting. Within- and between-group differences in satiation were driven largely by changes in the response to the odor of the inedible stimulus. Responses to food aromas in the obese correlated with trait negative urgency, the tendency toward negative affect-provoked impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Ventral frontal signaling of reward value may be disordered in obesity, with negative urgency heightening responses to food aromas. The observed nature of responses to food and nonfood stimuli suggests that future research should independently quantify each to fully understand brain reward signaling in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J A Eiler
- From the Departments of Neurology (WJAE, MD, KRC, and DAK), Radiology (MD and DAK), Medicine (RVC) (Endocrinology), and Psychiatry (DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (CLHA and RDM); and the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN (MAC)
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- From the Departments of Neurology (WJAE, MD, KRC, and DAK), Radiology (MD and DAK), Medicine (RVC) (Endocrinology), and Psychiatry (DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (CLHA and RDM); and the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN (MAC)
| | - K Rose Case
- From the Departments of Neurology (WJAE, MD, KRC, and DAK), Radiology (MD and DAK), Medicine (RVC) (Endocrinology), and Psychiatry (DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (CLHA and RDM); and the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN (MAC)
| | - Cheryl L H Armstrong
- From the Departments of Neurology (WJAE, MD, KRC, and DAK), Radiology (MD and DAK), Medicine (RVC) (Endocrinology), and Psychiatry (DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (CLHA and RDM); and the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN (MAC)
| | - Richard D Mattes
- From the Departments of Neurology (WJAE, MD, KRC, and DAK), Radiology (MD and DAK), Medicine (RVC) (Endocrinology), and Psychiatry (DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (CLHA and RDM); and the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN (MAC)
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- From the Departments of Neurology (WJAE, MD, KRC, and DAK), Radiology (MD and DAK), Medicine (RVC) (Endocrinology), and Psychiatry (DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (CLHA and RDM); and the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN (MAC)
| | - Robert V Considine
- From the Departments of Neurology (WJAE, MD, KRC, and DAK), Radiology (MD and DAK), Medicine (RVC) (Endocrinology), and Psychiatry (DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (CLHA and RDM); and the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN (MAC)
| | - David A Kareken
- From the Departments of Neurology (WJAE, MD, KRC, and DAK), Radiology (MD and DAK), Medicine (RVC) (Endocrinology), and Psychiatry (DAK), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (CLHA and RDM); and the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN (MAC)
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Albrecht DS, Kareken DA, Christian BT, Dzemidzic M, Yoder KK. Cortical dopamine release during a behavioral response inhibition task. Synapse 2014; 68:266-74. [PMID: 24677429 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) dysregulation within fronto-striatal circuitry may underlie impulsivity in alcohol and other substance use disorders. To date, no one has directly demonstrated DA release during a task requiring the control of impulsive behavior. The current study was conducted to determine whether a response inhibition task (stop signal task; SST) would elicit detectable extrastriatal DA release in healthy controls. We hypothesized that DA release would be detected in regions previously implicated in different aspects of inhibitory control. [(18) F]Fallypride (FAL) PET imaging was performed in nine healthy males (24.6 ± 4.1 y.o.) to assess changes in cortical DA during a SST relative to a baseline "Go" task. On separate days, subjects received one FAL scan during the SST, and one FAL scan during a "Go" control; task-order was counter-balanced across subjects. Parametric BPND images were generated and analyzed with SPM8. Voxel-wise analysis indicated significant SST-induced DA release in several cortical regions involved in inhibitory control, including the insula, cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus, and supplementary motor area. There was a significant positive correlation between stop signal reaction time and DA release in the left orbitofrontal cortex, right middle frontal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus. These data support the feasibility of using FAL PET to study DA release during response inhibition, enabling investigation of relationships between DA function and impulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Albrecht
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
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Cyders MA, Dzemidzic M, Eiler WJ, Coskunpinar A, Karyadi K, Kareken DA. Negative urgency and ventromedial prefrontal cortex responses to alcohol cues: FMRI evidence of emotion-based impulsivity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:409-17. [PMID: 24164291 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has highlighted the role of emotion-based impulsivity (negative and positive urgency personality traits) for alcohol use and abuse, but has yet to examine how these personality traits interact with the brain's motivational systems. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested whether urgency traits and mood induction affected medial prefrontal responses to alcohol odors (AcO). METHODS Twenty-seven social drinkers (mean age = 25.2, 14 males) had 6 fMRI scans while viewing negative, neutral, or positive mood images (3 mood conditions) during intermittent exposure to AcO and appetitive control (AppCo) aromas. RESULTS Voxel-wise analyses (p < 0.001) confirmed [AcO > AppCo] activation throughout medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) regions. Extracted from a priori mPFC and vmPFC regions and analyzed in Odor (AcO, AppCo) × Mood factorial models, AcO activation was greater than AppCo in left vmPFC (p < 0.001), left mPFC (p = 0.002), and right vmPFC (p = 0.01) regions. Mood did not interact significantly with activation, but the covariate of trait negative urgency accounted for significant variance in left vmPFC (p = 0.01) and right vmPFC (p = 0.01) [AcO > AppCo] activation. Negative urgency also mediated the relationship between vmPFC activation and both (i) subjective craving and (ii) problematic drinking. CONCLUSIONS The trait of negative urgency is associated with neural responses to alcohol cues in the vmPFC, a region involved in reward value and emotion-guided decision-making. This suggests that negative urgency might alter subjective craving and brain regions involved in coding reward value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Cyders
- Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Oberlin BG, Dzemidzic M, Tran SM, Soeurt CM, Albrecht DS, Yoder KK, Kareken DA. Beer flavor provokes striatal dopamine release in male drinkers: mediation by family history of alcoholism. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1617-24. [PMID: 23588036 PMCID: PMC3717546 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Striatal dopamine (DA) is increased by virtually all drugs of abuse, including alcohol. However, drug-associated cues are also known to provoke striatal DA transmission- a phenomenon linked to the motivated behaviors associated with addiction. To our knowledge, no one has tested if alcohol's classically conditioned flavor cues, in the absence of a significant pharmacologic effect, are capable of eliciting striatal DA release in humans. Employing positron emission tomography (PET), we hypothesized that beer's flavor alone can reduce the binding potential (BP) of [(11)C]raclopride (RAC; a reflection of striatal DA release) in the ventral striatum, relative to an appetitive flavor control. Forty-nine men, ranging from social to heavy drinking, mean age 25, with a varied family history of alcoholism underwent two [(11)C]RAC PET scans: one while tasting beer, and one while tasting Gatorade. Relative to the control flavor of Gatorade, beer flavor significantly increased self-reported desire to drink, and reduced [(11)C]RAC BP, indicating that the alcohol-associated flavor cues induced DA release. BP reductions were strongest in subjects with first-degree alcoholic relatives. These results demonstrate that alcohol-conditioned flavor cues can provoke ventral striatal DA release, absent significant pharmacologic effects, and that the response is strongest in subjects with a greater genetic risk for alcoholism. Striatal DA responses to salient alcohol cues may thus be an inherited risk factor for alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stella M Tran
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christina M Soeurt
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel S Albrecht
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th Street, Suite 4700, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Indiana, Tel: +1 317 963 7204, Fax: +1 317 963 7211, E-mail:
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Kareken DA, Dzemidzic M, Oberlin BG, Eiler WJA. A preliminary study of the human brain response to oral sucrose and its association with recent drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:2058-65. [PMID: 23841808 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preference for sweet tastes has been repeatedly shown to be associated with alcohol preference in both animals and humans. In this study, we tested the extent to which recent drinking is related to blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation from an intensely sweet solution in orbitofrontal areas known to respond to primary rewards. METHODS Sixteen right-handed, non-treatment-seeking, healthy volunteers (mean age: 26 years; 75% male) were recruited from the community. All underwent a taste test using a range of sucrose concentrations, as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during pseudorandom, event-driven stimulation with water and a 0.83 M concentration of sucrose in water. RESULTS [Sucrose > water] provoked a significant BOLD activation in primary gustatory cortex and amygdala, as well as in the right ventral striatum and in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex. Drinks/drinking day correlated significantly with the activation as extracted from the left orbital area (r = 0.52, p = 0.04 after correcting for a bilateral comparison). Using stepwise multiple regression, the addition of rated sucrose liking accounted for significantly more variance in drinks/drinking day than did left orbital activation alone (multiple R = 0.79, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Both the orbitofrontal response to an intensely sweet taste and rated liking of that taste accounted for significant variance in drinking behavior. The brain response to sweet tastes may be an important phenotype of alcoholism risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology , Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Psychiatry , Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Radiology , Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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36
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Schulte T, Oberlin BG, Kareken DA, Marinkovic K, Müller-Oehring EM, Meyerhoff DJ, Tapert S. How acute and chronic alcohol consumption affects brain networks: insights from multimodal neuroimaging. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:2017-27. [PMID: 22577873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimodal imaging combining 2 or more techniques is becoming increasingly important because no single imaging approach has the capacity to elucidate all clinically relevant characteristics of a network. METHODS This review highlights recent advances in multimodal neuroimaging (i.e., combined use and interpretation of data collected through magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetoencephalography, MR perfusion, and MR spectroscopy methods) that leads to a more comprehensive understanding of how acute and chronic alcohol consumption affect neural networks underlying cognition, emotion, reward processing, and drinking behavior. RESULTS Several innovative investigators have started utilizing multiple imaging approaches within the same individual to better understand how alcohol influences brain systems, both during intoxication and after years of chronic heavy use. CONCLUSIONS Their findings can help identify mechanism-based therapeutic and pharmacological treatment options, and they may increase the efficacy and cost effectiveness of such treatments by predicting those at greatest risk for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Schulte
- Neuroscience Program, Center of Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Kareken DA, Grahame N, Dzemidzic M, Walker MJ, Lehigh CA, O’Connor SJ. fMRI of the brain's response to stimuli experimentally paired with alcohol intoxication. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 220:787-97. [PMID: 21993878 PMCID: PMC3298844 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Individuals learn associations between alcohol's sensory properties and intoxication, with such conditioned stimuli (CS) becoming involved in craving and relapse. However, these CS also carry idiosyncratic associations. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to test brain responses to novel CS conditioned with alcohol intoxication. METHODS Fourteen heavy drinkers (age 24.9 ± 3.2) performed a reaction time task with embedded novel geometric CS and were told only that the task was to measure alcohol's effect on speed. Rapid intravenous alcohol infusion (the unconditioned stimulus; UCS) began with the appearance of a CS+, using pharmacokinetic modeling to increment breath alcohol by ~18 mg% in 200 s per each of six CS-UCS pairings. Placebo-saline infusion with CS- used the same infusion parameters in same-day randomized/counterbalanced sessions. The next morning subjects, connected to inactive intravenous pumps, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the same task with mixed brief presentations of CS+, CS-, and irrelevant CS and were told that alcohol could be infused at any time during imaging. RESULTS CS- responses were significantly greater than those of CS+ in medial frontal cortex. Notably, CS+ responses were negative, suggesting reduced neural activity. Negative activity was most pronounced in early scans, extinguishing with time. As subjects were told that alcohol could be administered in fMRI, a CS+ without alcohol is similar to a negative prediction error, with associated reduced frontal activity during withheld reward. CONCLUSIONS Novel stimuli relatively free of demand characteristics can be classically conditioned to intermittent brain exposure of even low alcohol concentrations, permitting imaging studies of conditioned alcohol expectancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis
| | - Nicholas Grahame
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Melissa J. Walker
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis
| | - Cari A. Lehigh
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Sean J. O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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Oberlin BG, Dzemidzic M, Bragulat V, Lehigh CA, Talavage T, O’Connor SJ, Kareken DA. Limbic responses to reward cues correlate with antisocial trait density in heavy drinkers. Neuroimage 2012; 60:644-52. [PMID: 22227139 PMCID: PMC3288676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisocial traits are common among alcoholics- particularly in certain subtypes. Although people with antisocial tendencies show atypical brain activation in some emotion and reward paradigms, how the brain reward systems of heavy drinkers (HD) are influenced by antisocial traits remains unclear. We used subjects' preferred alcohol drink odors (AO), appetitive (ApCO) and non-appetitive (NApO) control odors in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine if reward system responses varied as a function of antisocial trait density (ASD). In this retrospective analysis, we examined 30 HD who had participated in imaging twice: once while exposed to clamped intravenous alcohol infusion targeted to 50mg%, and once during placebo saline infusion. Under placebo, there were positive correlations between ASD and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation in the [AO>ApCO] contrast in the left dorsal putamen, while negative correlations were present in medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the bilateral amygdala. A similar pattern was observed in the correlation with the [AO>NApO] contrast. This inverse relationship between ASD and activation in OFC and amygdala was specific to AO. However, negative correlations between ASD and the [ApCO>NApO] contrast were also present in the insula, putamen, and medial frontal cortex. These data suggest that frontal and limbic reward circuits of those with significant ASD are less responsive to reward cues in general, and particularly to alcohol cues in medial OFC and amygdala. These findings are broadly consistent with the reward deficiency syndrome hypothesis, although positive correlation in the striatum suggests regional variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G. Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr., Emerson Hall 125, Indianapolis, IN,46202 USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr., Emerson Hall 125, Indianapolis, IN,46202 USA
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 University Blvd., Rm. 0663, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
| | - Veronique Bragulat
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr., Emerson Hall 125, Indianapolis, IN,46202 USA
| | - Cari A. Lehigh
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr., Emerson Hall 125, Indianapolis, IN,46202 USA
| | - Thomas Talavage
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical Engineering Building, 465 Northwestern Ave., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Sean J. O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1111 W. 10 St., PB A212, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
| | - David A. Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr., Emerson Hall 125, Indianapolis, IN,46202 USA
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 University Blvd., Rm. 0663, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1111 W. 10 St., PB A212, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
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K. Yoder K, A. Kareken D, D. Morris E. Assessing Dopaminergic Neurotransmission with PET: Basic Theory and Applications in Alcohol Research. Curr Med Imaging 2011. [DOI: 10.2174/157340511795445694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kareken DA, Liang T, Wetherill L, Dzemidzic M, Bragulat V, Cox C, Talavage T, O'Connor SJ, Foroud T. A polymorphism in GABRA2 is associated with the medial frontal response to alcohol cues in an fMRI study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 34:2169-78. [PMID: 20698837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant evidence has accumulated to suggest an association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GABRA2 gene and alcoholism. However, research has yet to show an association between these polymorphisms and the human brain's reward system function. In this study, we stratified subjects who had participated in an fMRI study of alcohol cue responses according to their genotype at a SNP in GABRA2 (rs279871) shown to be associated with alcohol dependence (Edenberg et al., 2004). METHODS Genotyping showed 13 subjects to be homozygous for the high-risk allele (AA), and 23 subjects to be heterozygous (AG). In fMRI, subjects were exposed to the aromas of their preferred alcoholic drink odors (AO), as well as to appetitive control odors (ApCO) under both alcohol intoxication and placebo control conditions. RESULTS Homozygous AA subjects had a larger [AO > ApCO] response than did AG subjects in medial frontal cortical areas thought to code reward value. However, AG subjects had a larger [AO > ApCO] effect in the ventral tegmental area. Alcohol intoxication did not alter these group differences. CONCLUSIONS These are the first data to suggest that GABRA2 genotype could affect the brain's responses to cues associated with alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Yoder KK, Albrecht DS, Kareken DA, Federici LM, Perry KM, Patton EA, Zheng QH, Mock BH, O'Connor S, Herring CM. Test-retest variability of [¹¹C]raclopride-binding potential in nontreatment-seeking alcoholics. Synapse 2010; 65:553-61. [PMID: 20963816 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the reproducibility of striatal [¹¹C]raclopride (RAC) binding is important for studies that use RAC PET paradigms to estimate changes in striatal dopamine (DA) during pharmacological and cognitive challenges. To our knowledge, no baseline test-retest data exist for nontreatment-seeking alcoholics (NTS). We determined the test-retest reproducibility of baseline RAC binding potential (BP(ND) ) in 12 male NTS subjects. Subjects were scanned twice with single-bolus RAC PET on separate days. Striatal RAC BP (BP(ND) ) for left and right dorsal caudate, dorsal putamen, and ventral striatum was estimated using the Multilinear Reference Tissue Method (MRTM) and Logan Graphical Analysis (LGA) with a reference region. Test-retest variability (TRV), % change in BP(ND) between scan days, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used as metrics of reproducibility. For MRTM, TRV for striatal RAC binding in NTS subjects was ±6.5% and ±7.1% for LGA. Average striatal ICCs were 0.94 for both methods (P < 0.0001). Striatal BP(ND) values were similar to those reported previously for detoxified alcoholics. The results demonstrate that baseline striatal RAC binding is highly reproducible in NTS subjects, with a low variance similar to that reported for healthy control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen K Yoder
- Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Bragulat V, Dzemidzic M, Bruno C, Cox CA, Talavage T, Considine RV, Kareken DA. Food-related odor probes of brain reward circuits during hunger: a pilot FMRI study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1566-71. [PMID: 20339365 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Food aromas can be powerful appetitive cues in the natural environment. Although several studies have examined the cerebral responses to food images, none have used naturalistic food aromas to study obesity. Ten individuals (five normal-weight and five obese) were recruited to undergo 24 h of food deprivation. Subjects were then imaged on a 3T Siemens Trio-Tim scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) while smelling four food-related odors (FRO; two sweet odors and two fat-related) and four "nonappetitive odors" (NApO; e.g., Douglas fir). Before the imaging session, subjects rated their desire to eat each type of food to determine their most preferred (P-FRO). Across all 10 subjects, P-FRO elicited a greater blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response than the NApO in limbic and reward-related areas, including the bilateral insula and opercular (gustatory) cortex, the anterior and posterior cingulate, and ventral striatum. Obese subjects showed greater activation in the bilateral hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus, but lean controls showed more activation in the posterior insula. Brain areas activated by food odors are similar to those elicited by cues of addictive substances, such as alcohol. Food odors are highly naturalistic stimuli, and may be effective probes of reward-related networks in the context of hunger and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Bragulat
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Kareken DA. Surfing the Neuropsychology Data Wave. Clin Neuropsychol 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/13854041003672403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Beglinger LJ, Duff K, Moser DJ, Cross SA, Kareken DA. The Indiana faces in places test: preliminary findings on a new visuospatial memory test in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2009; 24:607-18. [PMID: 19679593 PMCID: PMC2755831 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acp050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory assessment is an important component of a neuropsychological evaluation, but far fewer visual than verbal memory instruments are available. We examined the preliminary psychometric properties and clinical utility of a novel, motor-free paper and pencil visuospatial memory test, the Indiana faces in places test (IFIPT). The IFIPT and general neuropsychological performance were assessed in 36 adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 113 older adults with no cognitive impairment at baseline, 1 week, and 1 year. The IFIPT is a visual memory test with 10 faces paired with spatial locations (three learning trials and non-cued delayed recall). Results showed that MCI participants scored lower than controls on several variables, most notably total learning (p < .001 at all three time points), delayed recall (baseline p = .03, 1 week p < .001, 1 year p < .001), and false-positive errors (range p = .03 to <0.001). The IFIPT showed similar test-retest reliability at 1-week and 1-year follow-up to other neuropsychological tests (r = 0.71-0.84 for MCI and 0.53-0.72 for controls). Diagnostic accuracy was modest for this sample (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve between 0.64 and 0.66). Preliminary psychometric analyses support further study of the IFIPT. The measure showed evidence of clinical utility by demonstrating group differences between this sample of healthy adults and those with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh J Beglinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1000, USA.
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Yoder KK, Morris ED, Constantinescu CC, Cheng TE, Normandin MD, O'Connor SJ, Kareken DA. When what you see isn't what you get: alcohol cues, alcohol administration, prediction error, and human striatal dopamine. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 33:139-49. [PMID: 18976347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system is implicated in the development and maintenance of alcohol drinking; however, the exact mechanisms by which DA regulates human alcohol consumption are unclear. This study assessed the distinct effects of alcohol-related cues and alcohol administration on striatal DA release in healthy humans. METHODS Subjects underwent 3 PET scans with [(11)C]raclopride (RAC). Subjects were informed that they would receive either an IV Ringer's lactate infusion or an alcohol (EtOH) infusion during scanning, with naturalistic visual and olfactory cues indicating which infusion would occur. Scans were acquired in the following sequence: (1) Baseline Scan: Neutral cues predicting a Ringer's lactate infusion, (2) CUES Scan: Alcohol-related cues predicting alcohol infusion in a Ringer's lactate solution, but with alcohol infusion after scanning to isolate the effects of cues, and (3) EtOH Scan: Neutral cues predicting Ringer's, but with alcohol infusion during scanning (to isolate the effects of alcohol without confounding expectation or craving). RESULTS Relative to baseline, striatal DA concentration decreased during CUES, but increased during EtOH. CONCLUSION While the results appear inconsistent with some animal experiments showing dopaminergic responses to alcohol's conditioned cues, they can be understood in the context of the hypothesized role of the striatum in reward prediction error, and of animal studies showing that midbrain dopamine neurons decrease and increase firing rates during negative and positive prediction errors, respectively. We believe that our data are the first in humans to demonstrate such changes in striatal DA during reward prediction error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Bragulat V, Dzemidzic M, Talavage T, Davidson D, O'Connor SJ, Kareken DA. Alcohol sensitizes cerebral responses to the odors of alcoholic drinks: an fMRI study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:1124-34. [PMID: 18540915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small, priming doses of alcohol enhance desire to drink, and thus play a role in the loss of control of alcohol consumption. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we previously showed that alcoholic drink odors (AO; subjects' drinks of choice) induce greater nucleus accumbens (NAc) activity than non-appetitive odors (NApO; grass, leather) in subjects at risk for alcoholism. Here we hypothesized that priming exposure to alcohol would enhance responses to AO in the NAc and orbitofrontal cortex in comparison to NApO (grass, leather) and to the appetitive control odors (ApCO) of chocolate and grape. METHODS Ten hazardous drinkers (mean age = 22.7; SD = 2.9, average drinks per drinking day = 5.9, SD = 2.3; drinking days/90 days = 50.4, SD = 13.7) were scanned on a 1.5 T GE Signa MR scanner during intravenous infusion of lactated Ringer's or 6% ethanol in lactated Ringer's that was pharmacokinetically modeled to achieve a constant breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 50 mg% throughout imaging. During scanning, subjects sniffed AO, NApO, and ApCO. RESULTS Alcohol infusion enhanced the contrast between AO and NApO in the NAc, and in orbitofrontal, medial frontal, and precuneus/posterior cingulate regions. The contrast between AO and appetitive control odors (ApCO; chocolate and grape) was similarly larger in the orbital, medial frontal, precuneus, and posterior cingulate/retrosplenial areas, with the most robust finding being a potentiated response in the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial area. The orbital region is similar to an area previously shown to manifest satiety-related decreases in activity induced by food cues. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that priming exposure to alcohol renders a limbic network more responsive to alcohol cues, potentially enhancing desire to drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Bragulat
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Constantinescu CC, Yoder KK, Kareken DA, Bouman CA, O'Connor SJ, Normandin MD, Morris ED. Estimation from PET data of transient changes in dopamine concentration induced by alcohol: support for a non-parametric signal estimation method. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:1353-67. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/5/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Spina S, Farlow MR, Unverzagt FW, Kareken DA, Murrell JR, Fraser G, Epperson F, Crowther RA, Spillantini MG, Goedert M, Ghetti B. The tauopathy associated with mutation +3 in intron 10 of Tau: characterization of the MSTD family. Brain 2008; 131:72-89. [PMID: 18065436 PMCID: PMC2702832 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system tauopathy with presenile dementia (MSTD) is an inherited disease caused by a (g) to (a) transition at position +3 in intron 10 of Tau. It belongs to the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 with mutations in Tau (FTDP-17T). Here we present the longitudinal clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, neuropathological, biochemical and genetic characterization of the MSTD family. Presenting signs were consistent with the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia in 17 of 21 patients. Two individuals presented with an atypical form of progressive supranuclear palsy and two others with either severe postural imbalance or an isolated short-term memory deficit. Memory impairment was present at the onset in 15 patients, with word finding difficulties and stereotyped speech also being common. Parkinsonism was first noted 3 years after the onset of symptoms. Neuroimaging showed the most extensive grey matter loss in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and frontal operculum/insular cortex of the right hemisphere and, to a lesser extent, in the anterior cingulate gyrus, head of the caudate nucleus and the posterolateral orbitofrontal cortex and insular cortex bilaterally. Neuropathologically, progressive nerve cell loss, gliosis and coexistent neuronal and/or glial deposits consisting mostly of 4-repeat tau were present in frontal, cingulate, temporal and insular cortices, white matter, hippocampus, parahippocampus, basal ganglia, selected brainstem nuclei and spinal cord. Tau haplotyping indicated that specific haplotypes of the wild-type allele may act as modifiers of disease presentation. Quantitative neuroimaging has been used to analyse the progression of atrophy in affected individuals and for predicting disease onset in an asymptomatic mutation carrier. This multidisciplinary study provides a comprehensive description of the natural history of disease in one of the largest known families with FTDP-17T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frederick W. Unverzagt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David A. Kareken
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jill R. Murrell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham Fraser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francine Epperson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R. Anthony Crowther
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria G. Spillantini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michel Goedert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Brain Repair Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Yoder KK, Kareken DA, Morris ED. What were they thinking? Cognitive states may influence [11C]raclopride binding potential in the striatum. Neurosci Lett 2007; 430:38-42. [PMID: 18060695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
[(11)C]Raclopride ([(11)C]RAC) is a selective dopamine D(2)/D(3) antagonist that is commonly used in positron emission tomography (PET) studies to assess both basal levels of receptor availability and changes in availability caused by alterations in striatal dopamine concentration. When designing [(11)C]RAC studies, it is important to understand what variables may affect the results. Here, we examined differences in baseline striatal [(11)C]RAC binding potential (BP(ND)) under two different "rest" conditions. Thirteen subjects received [(11)C]RAC scans. Eight subjects were aware prior to initiation of scanning that they would receive a "baseline" scan, and that no additional procedures would take place during the scan ("certain rest" group, CER). Five subjects were informed that they might or might not receive an i.v. alcohol infusion during the scan ("uncertain rest" group, UNC). This group was informed five min after scan start that they would not receive alcohol. Voxel-wise analyses of binding potential (BP(ND)) images generated for both "rest" conditions indicated that receptor availability was higher in UNC than in CER. This result was confirmed by a region-of-interest analysis, which indicated that the average BP(ND) in right and left putamen was statistically higher in UNC. There were no differences in groups with respect to age or raclopride mass dose that could account for the difference in D(2)/D(3) receptor availability. Our findings suggest that even slight differences in cognitive states between groups can have an effect on BP(ND), presumably mediated by changes in endogenous dopamine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Plailly J, Radnovich AJ, Sabri M, Royet J, Kareken DA. Involvement of the left anterior insula and frontopolar gyrus in odor discrimination. Hum Brain Mapp 2007; 28:363-72. [PMID: 17089374 PMCID: PMC6871452 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Discriminating between successively presented odors requires brief storage of the first odor's perceptual trace, which then needs to be subsequently compared to the second odor in the pair. This study explores the cortical areas involved in odor discrimination and compares them with findings from studies of working-memory, traditionally investigated with n-back paradigms. Sixteen right-handed subjects underwent H(2) (15)O positron emission tomography during counterbalanced conditions of odorless sniffing, repeated single odor detection, multiple odor detection, and conscious successive discrimination between odor pairs. Eight odorants were delivered using a computer-controlled olfactometer through a birhinal nasal cannula. Conscious successive odor discrimination evoked significantly greater activity in the left anterior insula and frontopolar gyrus when compared to reported sensory detection of the identical odors. Additional activation was found in the left lateral orbital/inferior frontal and middle frontal gyri when discrimination was compared to the odorless condition. The left anterior insula is likely involved in the evaluation of odor properties. Consistent with other studies, frontopolar and middle frontal gyrus activation is more likely related to working memory during odor discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Plailly
- Neuropsychology Section, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Neurosciences & Systèmes Sensoriels, UMR CNRS 5020, UCB Lyon1, IFR 19, IFNL, Lyon, France
| | - Alexander J. Radnovich
- Neuropsychology Section, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Merav Sabri
- Neuropsychology Section, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jean‐Pierre Royet
- Neurosciences & Systèmes Sensoriels, UMR CNRS 5020, UCB Lyon1, IFR 19, IFNL, Lyon, France
| | - David A. Kareken
- Neuropsychology Section, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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