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Shoaib S, Tufail S, Sherwani MA, Yusuf N, Islam N. Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptosis Through ROS Generation and Caspase-3 Activation in Cervical Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:673103. [PMID: 34393773 PMCID: PMC8358204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.673103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest research shows that current chemotherapeutics are ineffective because of the development of resistance in cervical cancer cells, and hence, their scope of use is limited. The main concern of researchers at the moment is the discovery of safe and effective antiproliferative plant chemicals that can aid in the battle against cervical cancer. Previous studies have shown the possible anticancer potential of phenethyl isothiocyanate obtained from cruciferous plants for many cancers, which targets various signaling pathways to exercise chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. This provides the basis for studying phenethyl isothiocyanate's therapeutic potential against cervical cancer. In the present study, cervical cancer cells were treated with various doses of phenethyl isothiocyanate, alone and in combination with cisplatin. Phenethyl isothiocyanate alone was sufficient to cause nucleus condensation and fragmentation and induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, but evident synergistic effects were observed in combination with cisplatin. In addition, phenethyl isothiocyanate treatment increased the production of intracellular ROS in a dose-dependent manner in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, investigation of phenethyl isothiocyanate induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and activation of caspases showed that phenethyl isothiocyanate significantly activated caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Saba Tufail
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Asif Sherwani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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152
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Hu X, Mu L, Zhu L, Chang X, Nie L, Wang L, Li G. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuate cardiovascular oxidative stress injury by enhancing the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in exhaustive exercise rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:643. [PMID: 34278476 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate exercise is beneficial to physical and mental health. When the amount of exercise and exercise intensity exceeds a certain limit and reaches the state of exhaustion, oxidative stress levels in the body increase, which can lead to oxidative stress‑associated damage. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is one of the primary active ingredients extracted from wolfberry. Following exhausting exercise in rats, LBP supplements decrease damage to the myocardium and blood vessels, indicating that LBP exerts a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. The Kelch‑like ECH‑associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF‑E2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) anti‑oxidative stress signaling pathway improves total oxidizing ability; anti‑apoptosis and other aspects serve a vital role. In the present study, LBP intervention was performed in vivo and in vitro to observe its effect on the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and oxidative stress‑associated indicators in order to clarify its protective mechanism. For the in vivo experiments, 60 male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control and aerobic, exhaustive and exhaustive exercise + LBP (200 mg/kg/day) groups. For the in vitro experiments, a rat thoracic aortic endothelial cell (RTAEC) oxidative stress model was established using angiotensin II (AngII) and divided into blank control, LBP (3,200 µg/ml), AngII (1x10‑4 mol/l) and AngII + LBP groups. For in vitro experiments, small interfering (si)RNA (50 nmol) was used to transfect RTAEC and induce gene silencing of Nrf2. ELISA, hematoxylin and eosin staining, TUNEL, immunofluorescence, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were used to evaluate and verify the effect of LBP on oxidative stress indicators and the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidative stress signaling pathway. The in vivo experiments showed that LBP decreased the expression of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and AngII, as well as apoptosis of blood vessels and cardiomyocytes and expression of TNF‑α in rats following exhaustive exercise. Meanwhile, LBP enhanced expression of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and downstream associated protein glutamyl‑cysteine synthetase catalytic subunit (GCLC), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutamate‑cysteine ligase modified subunit (GCLM) in the thoracic aorta and myocardium of rats following exhaustive exercise. In RTAEC in vitro, LBP decreased the expression of MDA and TNF‑α in the supernatant, promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased expression levels of GCLC, NQO1 and GCLM. Following siNrf2 transfection into endothelial cells, the anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant stress effects of LBP were decreased. LBP was found to enhance the expression of the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant stress signaling pathway in endothelial cells, decreasing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Moreover, LBP improved the antioxidant stress ability of endothelial cells and alleviated injury of myocardial vascular tissue, thereby protecting the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Le Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lingqin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Nie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of General Practice, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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153
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Huxie Huaji Ointment Induced Apoptosis of Liver Cancer Cells In Vivo and In Vitro by Activating the Mitochondrial Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9922059. [PMID: 34335843 PMCID: PMC8298153 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9922059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Huxie Huaji (HXHJ) Ointment is a famous traditional Chinese medicinal prescription and is commonly used for the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by boosting immunity and detoxification. However, the scientific evidence for the effect of HXHJ Ointment on hepatocellular carcinoma and the underlying molecular mechanism are lacking. The present study aimed to identify the effects of HXHJ Ointment on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo as well as investigating the mechanistic basis for the anticancer effect of HXHJ ointment. First, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to verify the composition of HXHJ Ointment and quality control. Second, in vitro, Cell Counting Kit (CCK8) cell viability assay and Hoechst 33342 staining assay were performed to explain the cell apoptosis. The protein levels of tumor suppressor protein (p53), B-cell lymphoma 2 gene (Bcl-2), cytochrome C (Cyt-C), and aspartate proteolytic enzyme-3 (caspase-3) were examined by immunofluorescence. Finally, in vivo, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in hepatocellular carcinoma samples. Western blots and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the anticancer properties of HXHJ ointment. The results in vitro showed that 20% HXHJ Ointment serum could significantly inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation, increased tumor suppressor gene p53, downregulated antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, promoted the release of mitochondrial Cyt-C, activated caspase-3, and induced HepG2 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that HXHJ Ointment could effectively inhibit tumor growth in nude mice xenotransplanted with HepG2 cells, changed the morphology of tumor cells, and regulated the expression of apoptosis-related protein pathway p53/Bcl-2/Cyt-C/caspase-3. HXHJ Ointment can significantly inhibit the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of p53/Bcl-2/Cyt-C/caspase-3 signaling pathway to induce cell mitochondrial apoptosis.
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154
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Guo M, Lu B, Gan J, Wang S, Jiang X, Li H. Apoptosis detection: a purpose-dependent approach selection. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1033-1040. [PMID: 34000960 PMCID: PMC8208110 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1919830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is closely associated with many diseases. Detection of apoptosis can be achieved by morphology, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, and other techniques. However, as technologies are increasingly used for the detection of apoptosis, many researchers are confused about how to choose a suitable method to detect apoptosis. Selection of a suitable detection method for apoptosis will help clinical diagnosis and prevention of diseases. This article reviews the selection of optimal apoptosis-detection methods based on research purposes and technique principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangcui Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huhu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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155
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Su ZH, Gao YH, Cheng S, Wen Y, Tang XD, Li MW, Wu YC, Wang XY. Identification of the in vitro antiviral effect of BmNedd2-like caspase in response to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 183:107625. [PMID: 34058216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is one of the most serious pathogens in sericulture, and the underlying antiviral mechanism in silkworm is still unclear. Bombyx mori Nedd2-like caspase (BmNc) has been identified as a candidate antiviral gene from previous transcriptome data, since it is differentially expressed in the midgut of differentially resistant silkworm strains following BmNPV infection. However, the molecular mechanism by which BmNc responds to BmNPV is unknown. In this study, the relationship between BmNc and BmNPV was confirmed by its significantly different expression in different tissues of differentially resistant strains after BmNPV infection. Moreover, the antiviral role of BmNc was confirmed by the significantly higher fluorescence signals of BV-eGFP after knockdown of BmNc in BmN cells, and a reduced signal after overexpression. This was further verified by the capsid gene vp39 expression, DNA copy number, and GP64 protein level in the RNAi and overexpression groups. Furthermore, the antiviral phenomenon of BmNc was found to be associated with apoptosis. In brief, BmNc showed a relatively high expression level in the metamorphosis stages, and the effect of BmNc on BmNPV infection following RNAi and overexpression was eliminated after treatment with the inducer, Silvestrol, and the inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, respectively. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that BmNc is involved in anti-BmNPV infection via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The results provide valuable information for elucidating the molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Yi-Han Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Shuang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Yan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Yang-Chun Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
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156
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Zhuang C, Gao J, Liu G, Zhou M, Yang J, Wang D, Kastelic JP, Han B. Selenomethionine activates selenoprotein S, suppresses Fas/FasL and the mitochondrial pathway, and reduces Escherichia coli-induced apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10171-10182. [PMID: 34053755 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a major environmental pathogen causing bovine mastitis, characterized by cell death and mammary tissue damage. Apoptosis, a form of cell death, has an important role in the pathogenesis of mastitis. Selenium, an essential trace element, protects against mastitis by acting through several biochemical pathways, potentially including prevention of apoptosis. Our objective was to investigate whether selenomethionine (SeMet) attenuated E. coli-induced apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC). These cells were cultured in vitro and treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM SeMet for 12 h, with or without E. coli (multiplicity of infection of 5) for 8 h. Treatment with SeMet/Z-IE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK (ZIK)/Z-LE(OMe)HD(OMe)-FMK (ZLK, specific inhibitors of caspase-8 and -9, respectively) significantly counteracted effects of E. coli on bMEC. Specifically, SeMet upregulated selenoprotein S (SeS) and increased mitochondrial membrane potential and the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax. Furthermore, it decreased protein expressions of Fas, FasL, FADD, cleaved caspase-8, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3, namely, decreasing protein expression of the Fas/FasL and mitochondrial pathways. Furthermore, it downregulated total apoptosis indexes in E. coli-infected bMEC. Although ZIK and ZLK (specific inhibitors of caspases 8 and 9, respectively) significantly inhibited Fas/FasL and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and apoptosis indexes, respectively, substantial apoptosis still occurred. In conclusion, SeMet attenuated E. coli-induced apoptosis in bMEC by activating SeS, associated with Fas/FasL and mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Man Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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157
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Meng M, Yue Z, Chang L, Liu Y, Hu J, Song Z, Tang Z, Zhou R, Wang C. Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritic Effects of Paris Saponin VII in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:683698. [PMID: 34122110 PMCID: PMC8194347 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.683698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) have tumor-like characteristics, mainly manifested by hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis and then it will erode the bone and cartilage, eventually leading to joint destruction. Paris saponin VII (PS VII) is an active compound derived from a traditional herbal medicine named Trillium tschonoskii Maxim, which has anti-tumor, analgesic, and immunomodulatory effects. However, its anti-RA effect has not yet been reported. This study was to investigate the effect of PS VII on two rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes lines (RA-FLS and MH7A) and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats. In vitro, the effects of PS VII on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of RA-FLS and MH7A cells were detected by MTT, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. In vivo, the effect of PS VII on the weight of the rat, paw swelling, ankle joint diameter, arthritis index, serum inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), histopathological assessment and apoptosis proteins in the synovial tissues were evaluated in AIA rats. The in vitro studies showed that PS VII inhibited the proliferation of RA-FLS and MH7A cells, induced S phase arrest and triggered cell apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the regulation of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. The in vivo studies revealed that PS VII could improve ameliorate body weight, paw swelling, ankle joint diameter, reduce the spleen and thymus index, suppress the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, improve histopathological changes and regulate the expressions of apoptosis proteins in AIA Rats. In conclusion, PS VII could inhibit the proliferation and trigger apoptosis of RA-FLS and MH7A cells by regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, and alleviate the symptoms of RA, signifying it to be one of the potential anti-RA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Country School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhenggang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Lu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Country School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jinhang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhongxing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhishu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Country School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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158
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Liu T, Guo Q, Zheng S, Liu Y, Yang H, Zhao M, Yao L, Zeng K, Tu P. Cephalotaxine Inhibits the Survival of Leukemia Cells by Activating Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway and Inhibiting Autophagy Flow. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102996. [PMID: 34070111 PMCID: PMC8158396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephalotaxine (CET) is a natural alkaloid with potent antileukemia effects. However, its underlying molecular mechanism has not been well understood. In this study, we verified that CET significantly inhibited the viability of various leukemia cells, including HL-60, NB4, Jurkat, K562, Raji and MOLT-4. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed that CET causes mitochondrial function change. Mechanism research indicated that CET activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and upregulating pro-apoptotic Bak protein. In addition, the autophagy signaling pathway was highly enriched by RNA-seq analysis. Then, we found that CET blocked the fluorescence colocation of MitoTracker Green and LysoTracker Red and upregulated the level of LC3-II and p62, which indicated that autophagy flow was impaired. Further results demonstrated that CET could impair lysosomal acidification and block autophagy flow. Finally, inhibiting autophagy flow could aggravate apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by CET. In summary, this study demonstrated that CET exerted antileukemia effects through activation of the mitochondria-dependent pathway and by impairing autophagy flow. Our research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of CET in the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Shuze Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Heng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Meimei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (P.T.)
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (P.T.)
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159
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Xi J, Rong Y, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Wang P, Luan H, Xing Y, Li S, Liao J, Dai Y, Liang J, Wu F. Scutellarin ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells injury by activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113855. [PMID: 33485979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellarin (Scu) is one of the main active ingredients of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz which has been used to treat cardiovascular disease including vascular dysfunction caused by diabetes. Scu also has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells against hyperglycemia. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Scu on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by high glucose (HG), especially the regulation of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS HUVECs were exposed to HG to induce vascular endothelial cells injury in vitro. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The extent of cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst staining and flow cytometry. Mitophagy was assayed by fluorescent immunostaining, transmission electron microscope and immunoblot. Besides, virtual docking was conducted to validate the interaction of PINK1 protein and Scu. RESULTS We found that Scu significantly increased cell viability in HG-treated HUVECs. Scu reduces the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C (Cyt.c) to inhibit apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. Meanwhile, Scu improved the overload of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD2 protein expression, and reversed the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Besides, Scu increased autophagic flux, improved the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 II), Beclin 1 and autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg 5) and decreased the expression of Sequestosome1/P62 in HG-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, Scu improved the expressions of PINK1, Parkin, and Mitofusin2, which revealed the enhancement of mitophagy. Moreover, the beneficial effects of Scu on HG-induced low expression of Parkin, overproduction of ROS, and over expressions of P62, Cyt.c and Cleaved caspase-3 were weakened by PINK1 gene knockdown. Molecular docking suggested good interaction of Scu and PINK1 protein. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Scu may protect vascular endothelial cells against hyperglycemia-induced injury by up-regulating mitophagy via PINK1/Parkin signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Xi
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuezhao Rong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yihai Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huiling Luan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yan Xing
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yue Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Qian XL, Zhou F, Xu S, Jiang J, Chen ZP, Wang SK, Zuo Y, Ni C. MiR-454-3p Promotes Oxaliplatin Resistance by Targeting PTEN in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638537. [PMID: 34017681 PMCID: PMC8129568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Oxaliplatin is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. However, acquired resistance to oxaliplatin limits its therapeutic efficacy, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, we compared the expression of a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) between oxaliplatin-sensitive and -resistant HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. We found that miR-454-3p was significantly up-regulated in oxaliplatin-resistant cells and was the most differently expressed miRNA. Interestingly, we observed that inhibition of miR-454-3p resensitized resistant cells to oxaliplatin and enhanced oxaliplatin-induced cellular apoptosis. Moreover, we determined that miR-454-3p promoted oxaliplatin resistance through targeting PTEN and activating the AKT signaling pathway. In vivo study revealed that overexpression of miR-454-3p decreased the sensitivity of HCT-116 xenograft tumors to oxaliplatin treatment in a mouse model. Clinically, overexpression of miR-454-3p was associated with decreased responsiveness to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, as well as a short progression-free survival. Taken together, our study indicated that the expression of miR-454-3p could be used to predict oxaliplatin sensitivity, and targeting miR-454-3p could overcome oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Qian
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Shao-Kai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yun Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Chen Ni
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
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161
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Yang J, Zhu Y, Zhang D, Yan Z, Zhao Y, Manthari RK, Cheng X, Wang J, Wang J. Effects of Different Doses of Calcium on the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway and Rho/ROCK Signaling Pathway in the Bone of Fluorosis Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1919-1928. [PMID: 32710350 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For this study, we investigate more deeply the effect calcium (Ca) develops on the mechanism underlying fluoride-triggered osteocyte apoptosis. We detected the morphology of osteocytes by HE staining, mitochondrial microstructure by using the transmission electron microscope, and the biochemical indexes related to bone metabolism and the expression of apoptosis-related genes. These results showed that NaF brought out the reduced osteocytes and ruptured mitochondrial outer membrane, with a significantly increased StrACP activity by 10.414 IU/L at the 4th week (P < 0.05), markedly upregulating the mRNA expression of Bax, Cyto-C, Apaf-1, caspase-7, ROCK-1, BMP-2, and BGP (P < 0.01), as well as caspase-6 (P < 0.05), while downregulating Bcl-2 by 61.3% (P < 0.01). Through immunohistochemical analysis, we also found that NaF notably increased the protein expression of ROCK-1 (P < 0.05) and Cyto-C, BMP-2, and BGP (P < 0.01), suggesting that NaF triggered the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. Nevertheless, 1% Ca supplementation in diet notably enhanced the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 by 39.3% (P < 0.01), thus blocking the increment of the expression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-related genes and ROCK-1. Meanwhile, Ca could attenuate the StrACP activity by 10.741 IU/L at the 4th week (P < 0.05) and protect the integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane. These findings strongly suggest that 1% Ca abated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by increasing the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 expression, and effectively inhibited the hyper-activation of ROCK-1, dually protecting the structural integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane and maintaining normal cellular metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaya Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- College of Arts and Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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162
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Traumatic Brain Injury: Ultrastructural Features in Neuronal Ferroptosis, Glial Cell Activation and Polarization, and Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051009. [PMID: 33923370 PMCID: PMC8146242 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary injury process after traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in motor dysfunction, cognitive and emotional impairment, and poor outcomes. These injury cascades include excitotoxic injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ion imbalance, inflammation, and increased vascular permeability. Electron microscopy is an irreplaceable tool to understand the complex pathogenesis of TBI as the secondary injury is usually accompanied by a series of pathologic changes at the ultra-micro level of the brain cells. These changes include the ultrastructural changes in different parts of the neurons (cell body, axon, and synapses), glial cells, and blood–brain barrier, etc. In view of the current difficulties in the treatment of TBI, identifying the changes in subcellular structures can help us better understand the complex pathologic cascade reactions after TBI and improve clinical diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the ultrastructural changes related to neurons (e.g., condensed mitochondrial membrane in ferroptosis), glial cells, and blood–brain barrier in the existing reports of TBI, to deepen the in-depth study of TBI pathomechanism, hoping to provide a future research direction of pathogenesis and treatment, with the ultimate aim of improving the prognosis of patients with TBI.
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163
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Alrumaihi FA, Khan MA, Allemailem KS, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Younus H, Alsuhaibani SA, Algahtani M, Khan A. Methanolic Fenugreek Seed Extract Induces p53-Dependent Mitotic Catastrophe in Breast Cancer Cells, Leading to Apoptosis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1511-1535. [PMID: 33889009 PMCID: PMC8057839 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The plant Trigonella foenum-graecum, well-known as fenugreek, has been shown to control type-2 diabetes, the level of cholesterol, inflammation of wounds, disorders related to gastrointestinal tracts, and cancer as well. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of methanolic fenugreek seed extract (FSE) and its possible molecular mechanism of action in breast cancer cells. Methods The anticancer potential of FSE was evaluated in MCF-7 and SK-BR3 breast cancer cells through various cellular assays after selecting the IC10, IC25, IC35, and IC50 doses by the cell cytotoxicity assay. Furthermore, the oral acute toxicity of FSE was examined in mice, according to the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Results FSE exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, as the IC50 was found to be 150 and 40 μg/mL for MCF-7 and SK-BR3 breast cancer cells, respectively. The cytological observations showed the typical apoptotic morphology in both of the breast cancer cells upon treatment with FSE, as it inhibited the migration and adhesion, in a dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that FSE induced a significant shift from G2/M, and polyploidy (>G) at higher concentrations that suggested the activation of p53-mediated mitotic catastrophe, consequently leading to apoptosis. FSE induced a significant increase in the mitochondrial depolarization, ROS as well as a Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and also exhibited the mitochondrial associated p53 signaling pathway. The in vivo acute toxicity data revealed that the oral administration of FSE did not induce any toxic effect in mice. Conclusion This study, for the first time, reports the mechanistic details of the anti-cancer potential of FSE. It requires a detailed analysis to understand the effect of FSE to induce the apoptosis through the multiple signaling pathways at varying concentrations. The nontoxic effect of FSE in mice suggests to utilize it safely for pharmaceutical formulations in different cancer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris A Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Younus
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sultan A Alsuhaibani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhu D, Chen B, Xiang Z, Lin J, Miao Z, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhou Y. Apigenin enhances viability of random skin flaps by activating autophagy. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3848-3860. [PMID: 33792992 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Random skin flap is widely used in plastic surgery. However, flap necrosis caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury limits its clinical applications. Apigenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid mainly derived from plants, facilitates flap survival. In this study, we explored the effects of apigenin on flap survival and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 54 mice having a dorsal random flap model were randomly divided into control, apigenin, and apigenin +3-methyladenine groups. These groups were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide solution, apigenin, and apigenin +3-methyladenine, respectively. The animals were then euthanized to assess angiogenesis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy levels through histological and protein analyses. Apigenin promotes survival of the skin flap area and reduces tissue edema. In addition, apigenin enhanced angiogenesis, attenuated apoptosis, alleviated oxidative stress, and activated autophagy. Interestingly, 3-methyladenine reversed the effects of apigenin on flap survival, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress through inhibition of autophagy. The findings of this study show that apigenin promotes angiogenesis, inhibits cell apoptosis, and lowers oxidative stress by mediating autophagy, thus the improving survival rate of random skin flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingchao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Boda Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyang Xiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Miao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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165
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Urbano N, Scimeca M, Bonfiglio R, Mauriello A, Bonanno E, Schillaci O. [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi Bioaccumulation Can Induce Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells: Molecular and Clinical Perspectives. APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 11:2733. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. To this end, the in vivo values of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi uptake have been associated with the in-situ expression of both Ki67 and caspase-3. For in vitro investigations, BT-474 cells were incubated with three different concentrations of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi: 10 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL, and 0.1 µg/mL. Expression of caspase-3 and Ki67, as well as the ultrastructure of cancer cells, was evaluated at T0 and after 24, 48, 72, and 120 h after [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi incubation. Ex vivo data strengthened the known association between sestamibi uptake and Ki67 expression. Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between sestamibi uptake and the number of apoptotic cells evaluated as caspase-3-positive breast cancer cells. As concerning the in vitro data, a significant decrease of the proliferation index was observed in breast cancer cells incubated with a high concentration of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi (10 µg/mL). Amazingly, a significant increase in caspase-3-positive cells in cultures incubated with 10 µg/mL [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi was observed. This study suggested the possible role of sestamibi in the regulation of pathophysiological processes involved in breast cancer.
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Yang C, Yang W, He Z, Guo J, Yang X, Wang R, Li H. Kaempferol Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Through Mitochondria-dependent Pathway During Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:624402. [PMID: 33746757 PMCID: PMC7969663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.624402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous study, we reported that kaempferol ameliorates significantly lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI), and may be achieved by targeting the SIRT 1 pathway. This study further explored the anti-LIRI mechanism of kaempferol. In vitro, the rat alveolar epithelial cells L2 was cultured and subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) insult. In vivo, SD rats were operated to establish LIRI model. The related indicators of oxidative stress and apoptosis in L2 cells and rats lung tissues were detected. Results showed that kaempferol pre-treatment significantly increased the cell viability, improved mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, reduced the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis, increased the expressions of Bcl-2 and mitochondrial cytochrome c, and decreased the expressions of Bax and cytoplasmic cytochrome c in L2 cells after A/R insult. In vivo, kaempferol improved the pathological injury, inhibited the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis, increased the expressions of Bcl-2 and mitochondrial cytochrome c, and decreased the expressions of Bax and cytoplasmic cytochrome c in rats lung tissues after I/R. However, the aforementioned effects of kaempferol were significantly attenuated by the SIRT 1 inhibitor EX527 or the PGC-1α inhibitor SR-18292. What's more, SR-18292 has not reversed the effect of kaempferol on increasing the protein activity of SIRT 1. Above results suggest that kaempferol ameliorates LIRI by improving mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Its molecular mechanism of action includes the SIRT 1/PGC-1α/mitochondria signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Yang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenkai Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rongsheng Wang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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167
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He X, Guo X, Ma Z, Li Y, Kang J, Zhang G, Gao Y, Liu M, Chen H, Kang X. Grape seed proanthocyanidins protect PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced damage via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135793. [PMID: 33667598 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) are natural flavonoids with strong antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis are major contributors to spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we assessed the potential protective effects of GSP on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-damaged pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cells in an in vitro model of SCI as well as the putative mechanism of action. We established a model using PC12 cells with oxidative damage induced by H2O2. Cells were treated with various concentrations of GSP (control group, 200 μmol/L H2O2 group, 5 μM GSP + H2O2 group, 10 μM GSP + H2O2 group, and 25 μM GSP + H2O2 group). The CCK-8 assay was used to determine cell activity. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis rate. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and PI3K/AKT proteins. The results showed that GSP reduced H2O2-induced intracellular ROS and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, GSP inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and Bax, while promoting the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, GSP promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. Moreover, a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) weakened the protective effects of GSP on H2O2-induced PC12 cells. In conclusion, GSP pretreatment can protect PC12 cells from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ying Li
- General Practice Medicine, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Jihe Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yicheng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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168
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Wyżewski Z, Świtlik W, Mielcarska MB, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP. The Role of Bcl-xL Protein in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041956. [PMID: 33669408 PMCID: PMC7920434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-xL represents a family of proteins responsible for the regulation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Due to its anti-apoptotic activity, Bcl-xL co-determines the viability of various virally infected cells. Their survival may determine the effectiveness of viral replication and spread, dynamics of systemic infection, and viral pathogenesis. In this paper, we have reviewed the role of Bcl-xL in the context of host infection by eight different RNA and DNA viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), Maraba virus (MRBV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and coronavirus (CoV). We have described an influence of viral infection on the intracellular level of Bcl-xL and discussed the impact of Bcl-xL-dependent cell survival control on infection-accompanying pathogenic events such as tissue damage or oncogenesis. We have also presented anti-viral treatment strategies based on the pharmacological regulation of Bcl-xL expression or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48 728-208-338
| | - Weronika Świtlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Matylda Barbara Mielcarska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.M.); (K.P.G.-Z.)
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Zheng J, Long M, Qin Z, Wang F, Chen Z, Li L. Nicorandil inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improves cardiac function by suppressing the HtrA2/XIAP/PARP signaling after coronary microembolization in rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00699. [PMID: 33448699 PMCID: PMC7809785 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a key factor in the deterioration of cardiac function after coronary microembolization (CME). Nicorandil (NIC) affects myocardial injury, which may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis. However, the specific mechanism of cardioprotection has not been elucidated. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of NIC on cardiac function in rats subjected to CME and its effect on the high-temperature requirement peptidase 2/X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein/poly ADP-ribose polymerase (HtrA2/XIAP/PARP) pathway. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham, CME, CME + NIC, and CME + UCF. Echocardiography was performed 9 hours after CME. Myocardial injury markers were evaluated in blood samples, and the heart tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining, hematoxylin basic fuchsin picric acid staining staining, TdT-mediated DUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Western blot analysis of the HtrA2/XIAP/PARP pathway, and transmission electron microscopy. NIC ameliorated cardiac dysfunctioncaused by CME and reduced serum levels of CK-MB and LDH. In addition, NIC decreased myocardial microinfarct size and apoptotic index. NIC reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, levels of cleaved caspase 3/9, cytoplasmic HtrA2, and cleaved PARP, and increased the level of XIAP. The effects of NIC were similar to those of the HtrA2 inhibitor, UCF101. This study demonstrated that NIC reduces CME-induced myocardial injury, reduces mitochondrial damage, and improves myocardial function. The reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis by NIC may be mediated by the HtrA2/XIAP/PARP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Manyun Long
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenbai Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
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Yang J, Cao L, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang M, Ma H, Wang B, Yuan X, Liu Q. Gracillin Isolated from Reineckia carnea Induces Apoptosis of A549 Cells via the Mitochondrial Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:233-243. [PMID: 33505158 PMCID: PMC7829125 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s278975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Reineckia carnea is commonly used to treat cough, pneumonia and other diseases in China. In our previous study, it was found that the ethanol extracts of Reineckia carnea have a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells. Here, we isolated gracillin from ethanol extracts for the first time. Purpose Clarify the antiproliferation effect of gracillin on A549 cells and further explore its mechanisms via the mitochondrial pathway. Methods Gracillin was isolated and purified by silica gel, D-101 macroporous resin and preparative RP-HPLC, then identified by NMR and HR-MS. The inhibitory effects of gracillin on the proliferation of A549 cells were detected by the MTS method. Its mechanisms were further explored by flow cytometry and Western blot. Results A steroid saponin, gracillin, was isolated and identified from Reineckia carnea for the first time. In a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, gracillin significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells with an IC50 value at 2.54 μmol/L and induced morphological changes. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of A549 cells was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the cells proportion was obviously arrested in S phase. The concentration of intracellular calcium was raised (p < 0.01), and the mitochondrial membrane potential was greatly decreased (p < 0.01). In addition, the expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome C were dramatically up-regulated while Bcl-2 was down-regulated (p < 0.05) in A549 cells. Conclusion This study confirmed that gracillin has a significant antiproliferative effect on A549 cells. Gracillin could induce the apoptosis of A549 cells through the mitochondrial pathway, which might be associated with regulation of the concentration of intracellular calcium, the mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiong Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamou Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Zhang XB, Hu YC, Cheng P, Zhou HY, Chen XY, Wu D, Zhang RH, Yu DC, Gao XD, Shi JT, Zhang K, Li SL, Song PJ, Wang KP. Targeted therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: inhibiting apoptosis is a promising treatment strategy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2799-2813. [PMID: 34220308 PMCID: PMC8241771 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial pathological process associated with low back pain (LBP). The pathogenesis is complicated, and the main pathological changes are IVD cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Apoptotic cell loss leads to ECM degradation, which plays an essential role in IDD pathogenesis. Apoptosis regulation may be a potential attractive therapeutic strategy for IDD. Previous studies have shown that IVD cell apoptosis is mainly induced by the death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway. This article mainly summarizes the factors that induce IDD and apoptosis, the relationship between the three apoptotic pathways and IDD, and potential therapeutic strategies. Preliminary animal and cell experiments show that targeting apoptotic pathway genes or drug inhibition can effectively inhibit IVD cell apoptosis and slow IDD progression. Targeted apoptotic pathway inhibition may be an effective strategy to alleviate IDD at the gene level. This manuscript provides new insights and ideas for IDD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yi-Cun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Rui-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - De-Chen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xi-Dan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jin-Tao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Shao-Long Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng-Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ke-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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172
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Delmotte P, Marin Mathieu N, Sieck GC. TNFα induces mitochondrial fragmentation and biogenesis in human airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L137-L151. [PMID: 33146568 PMCID: PMC7847063 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00305.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In human airway smooth muscle (hASM), mitochondrial volume density is greater in asthmatic patients compared with normal controls. There is also an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation in hASM of moderate asthmatics associated with an increase in dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and a decrease in mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression, mitochondrial fission, and fusion proteins, respectively. Proinflammatory cytokines such TNFα contribute to hASM hyperreactivity and cell proliferation associated with asthma. However, the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in mitochondrial remodeling is not clearly established. In nonasthmatic hASM cells, mitochondria were labeled using MitoTracker Red and imaged in three dimensions using a confocal microscope. After 24-h TNFα exposure, mitochondria in hASM cells were more fragmented, evidenced by decreased form factor and aspect ratio and increased sphericity. Associated with increased mitochondrial fragmentation, Drp1 expression increased while Mfn2 expression was reduced. TNFα also increased mitochondrial biogenesis in hASM cells reflected by increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α expression and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number. Associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, TNFα exposure also increased mitochondrial volume density and porin expression, resulting in an increase in maximum O2 consumption rate. However, when normalized for mitochondrial volume density, O2 consumption rate per mitochondrion was reduced by TNFα exposure. Associated with mitochondrial fragmentation and biogenesis, TNFα also increased hASM cell proliferation, an effect mimicked by siRNA knockdown of Mfn2 expression and mitigated by Mfn2 overexpression. The results of this study support our hypothesis that in hASM cells exposed to TNFα mitochondria are more fragmented, with an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial volume density resulting in reduced O2 consumption rate per mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Delmotte
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Natalia Marin Mathieu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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173
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Wu D, Zhang H, Wu Q, Li F, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang J. Sestrin 2 protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury by inducing mitophagy in alveolar macrophages. Life Sci 2020; 267:118941. [PMID: 33359748 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung injury (ALI) / acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical clinical syndrome with complex pathology and pathogenesis. Since there is no specific treatment for ALI, it is important to study the mechanism of how ALI develop. Sestrin2 (Sesn2) plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular stress response and oxidant defense. However, the potential function of Sesn2 in ALI/ARDS and the associated mechanism remains unclear. MAIN METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI model was performed in the wild-type and Sesn2 knockout (Sesn2-/-) mice. The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, cell pyroptosis and mitophagy were detected by western blots, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry. Lung injury were measured by histopathology and electron microscopy. KEY FINDINGS Knockout of Sesn2 enhanced LPS-induced ALI. As detailed in Sesn2-/- mice, NLRP3 inflammasome and cell pyroptosis were increased in lungs; IL-1β and IL-18 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were further promoted; In the isolated alveolar macrophages from Sesn2-/- mice, mitophagy induced by LPS was markedly inhibited, while reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage and cell pyroptosis were enhanced. Knocking down or overexpressing Sensn2 in J774.A1 cells demonstrated Sesn2 promoted Sequestosome1 (SQSTM1) expression and mitophagy by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1)/Parkin pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Sesn2 protected ALI by promoting mitophagy that exerts protection of AMs pyroptosis and negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. These data indicated Sesn2 might be a potential target for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuge Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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174
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Jayatunga DPW, Hone E, Bharadwaj P, Garg M, Verdile G, Guillemin GJ, Martins RN. Targeting Mitophagy in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1273-1297. [PMID: 33285629 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform many essential cellular functions including energy production, calcium homeostasis, transduction of metabolic and stress signals, and mediating cell survival and death. Maintaining viable populations of mitochondria is therefore critical for normal cell function. The selective disposal of damaged mitochondria, by a pathway known as mitophagy, plays a key role in preserving mitochondrial integrity and quality. Mitophagy reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species and is considered as a protective cellular process. Mitochondrial dysfunction and deficits of mitophagy have important roles in aging and especially in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeting mitophagy pathways has been suggested to have potential therapeutic effects against AD. In this review, we aim to briefly discuss the emerging concepts on mitophagy, molecular regulation of the mitophagy process, current mitophagy detection methods, and mitophagy dysfunction in AD. Finally, we will also briefly examine the stimulation of mitophagy as an approach for attenuating neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona P W Jayatunga
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Manohar Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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175
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Wang C, Nie G, Zhuang Y, Hu R, Wu H, Xing C, Li G, Hu G, Yang F, Zhang C. Inhibition of autophagy enhances cadmium-induced apoptosis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111188. [PMID: 32836151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates autophagy and apoptosis are involved in the toxicity mechanism of heavy metals. Our previous studies showed that cadmium (Cd) could induce autophagy and apoptosis in duck kidneys in vivo, nevertheless, the interaction between them has yet to be elucidated. Herein, the cells were either treated with 3CdSO4·8H2O (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 μM Cd) or/and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (2.5 μM) for 12 h and the indictors related autophagy and apoptosis were detected to assess the correlation between autophagy and apoptosis induced by Cd in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. The results demonstrated that Cd exposure notably elevated intracellular and extracellular Cd contents, the number of autophagosomes and LC3 puncta, up-regulated LC3A, LC3B, Beclin-1, Atg5 mRNA levels, and Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3I protein levels, down-regulated mTOR, p62 and Dynein mRNA levels and p62 protein level. Additionally, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA decreased Beclin-1, LC3II/LC3I protein levels and increased p62 protein level. Moreover, co-treatment with Cd and 3-MA could notably elevate Caspase-3, Cyt C, Bax, and Bak-1 mRNA levels, Caspase-3 and cleaved Caspase-3 protein levels, and cell apoptotic rate as well as cell damage, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Bcl-2 mRNA level and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax compared to treatment with Cd alone. Overall, these results indicate Cd exposure can induce autophagy in duck renal tubular epithelial cells, and inhibition of autophagy might aggravate Cd-induced apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gaohui Nie
- School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, No. 665 Yuping West Street, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330032, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Gao M, Liu T, Li J, Guan Q, Wang H, Yan S, Li Z, Zuo D, Zhang W, Wu Y. YAN, a novel microtubule inhibitor, inhibits P-gp and MRP1 function and induces mitotic slippage followed by apoptosis in multidrug-resistant A549/Taxol cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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177
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The Flavonol Isoquercitrin Promotes Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis in SK-Mel-2 Melanoma Cell via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123683. [PMID: 33260329 PMCID: PMC7760408 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoquercitrin (IQ), a major flavonol present in Prunus mume fruit, has gained much attention in recent studies because of its superior bioavailability and physiological effects. In this study, the anti-cancer mechanism of IQ against human melanoma, particularly its effect on the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, was investigated. Treatment with IQ at 25 μM concentration effectively inhibited the proliferation of SK-MEL-2 skin cancer cells while the same concentration did not exhibit cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes HaCaT. Morphological analysis and clonogenic assay also showed that IQ can alter the growth and long-term survival of SK-MEL-2 cells. IQ also induced apoptosis in the melanoma cells as manifested in the nuclear morphology changes, DNA fragmentation, increase in the apoptosis rate (17.69% at 25 μM) and accumulation of sub-G1 cell cycle phase population (19.55% at 25 μM). Western blot analysis revealed the involvement of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in the anti-cancer property of IQ. Treatment with IQ resulted in the decrease in the levels of procaspase-8 and -9, and Bcl-2 protein, and an increase in the expression of cleaved PARP and Bax. Moreover, AIF and Endo G protein expression increased, indicating a caspase-independent mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. The anti-proliferative activity of IQ against SK-MEL-2 can also be attributed to the downregulation of the PI3K/AktmTOR signaling pathway. These findings showed that IQ can be developed into a chemopreventive therapeutic agent against the melanoma cells.
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Tan W, Gao C, Feng P, Liu Q, Liu C, Wang Z, Deng Y, Shuai C. Dual-functional scaffolds of poly(L-lactic acid)/nanohydroxyapatite encapsulated with metformin: Simultaneous enhancement of bone repair and bone tumor inhibition. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111592. [PMID: 33545810 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects caused by tumors are difficult to repair clinically because of their poor morphology and residual tumor cell-induced recurrence. Scaffolds with the dual function of bone repair and bone tumor treatment are urgently needed to resolve this problem. In this study, a poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/nanoscale hydroxyapatite (nHA)/metformin (MET) nanocomposite scaffold was constructed via selective laser sintering. The scaffolds were expected to combine the excellent mechanical strength and biodegradability of PLLA, the good bioactivity of nHA, and the water solubility and antitumor properties of MET. The PLLA/nHA/MET scaffolds showed improved cell adhesion, appropriate porosity, good biocompatibility and osteogenic-induced ability in vitro because metformin improves water solubility and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of cells within the scaffold. The PLLA/nHA/MET scaffold had an extended drug release time because the MET particles were wrapped in the biodegradable polymer PLLA and the wrapped MET particles were slowly released into body fluids as the PLLA was degraded. Moreover, the scaffold induced osteosarcoma (OS) cell apoptosis by upregulating apoptosis-related gene expression and showed excellent tumor inhibition characteristics in vitro. In addition, the scaffold induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) by promoting osteogenic gene expression. The results suggest that the PLLA/nHA/MET composite scaffold has the dual function of tumor inhibition and bone repair and therefore it provides a promising new approach for the treatment of tumor-induced bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China; Department of Spinal Orthopedics, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No.1, Xuebei Road, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, PR China
| | - Zhenting Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Youwen Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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179
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Thakur RS, Devaraj E. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. triggers oxidative stress mediated apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1225-1233. [PMID: 32697429 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers. (Lythraceae) commonly known as Banaba has been used in different forms in traditional medicinal systems for treating various diseases which include diabetes and obesity. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic potential of ethanolic Banaba leaf extract (EBLE) in HepG2 cells. The phytochemical analysis of EBLE was performed by HPTLC. HepG2 cells were treated with EBLE at 25, 50, 100, and 150 μg/mL concentrations, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Oxidative stress was assessed by the evaluation of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione. Apoptosis-related morphology was investigated by acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated by JC-1 staining. Apoptosis-related marker genes were evaluated by qPCR. HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of corosolic acid (12.87 μg/mg), berberine (3.19 μg/mg), and gallic acid (2.94 μg/mg) in EBLE. EBLE treatments caused significant and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Dual staining with AO/EB confirmed membrane distortion and nuclear chromatin condensation upon EBLE treatments. JC-I staining revealed the loss of ΔΨm. Furthermore, at a molecular level, EBLE treatments interfere with Bax/Bcl-2 homeostasis and induced the pro-apoptotic marker genes such as cytochrome c, Apaf-1, and caspases 9 and 3. EBLE treatments caused cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, and this could be due to the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis via the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ezhilarasan Devaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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180
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Xu P, Zhang WQ, Xie J, Wen YS, Zhang GX, Lu SQ. Shenfu injection prevents sepsis-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113068. [PMID: 32592888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenfu injection (SFI) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine widely used in the treatment of septic shock in China. AIMS The aims of this study are to investigate the protective effects of SFI on sepsis-induced myocardial injury in mice and to identify the underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two male C57/B6J mice (5-6 weeks old) were randomly divided into five groups: control (NC), sham sepsis (sham), sepsis (Lipopolysaccharide- LPS), sepsis treated with a low dose SFI, and sepsis treated with a high dose SFI. Sepsis was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Myocardial tissue samples were collected from different groups at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h post-LPS injection. Myocardial injury was examined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and TUNEL staining. Western-blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid), truncated-Bid (t-Bid) and caspase-9 in all the groups. Moreover, the structural changes in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes were also observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS H&E staining revealed structural damage, local necrosis, interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and vacuolar changes in the myocardial tissue in the sepsis (LPS) group; almost intact myocardial tissue was observed in the high dose SFI group with improvements in interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. We observed that LPS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was significantly improved with high dose SFI as compared with sepsis (LPS) group (P ˂ 0.05). LPS was found to decrease the protein expression of Bcl-2 and increase the level of Bid, t-Bid and caspase-9. Treatment with SFI significantly increased the Bcl-2 protein expression (P ˂ 0.05) and decreased the protein expression of Bid, t-Bid and caspase-9 as compared with LPS group (P ˂ 0.05). Markedly swollen myocardial mitochondria with partial vacuolation were observed in LPS treated mice while SFI treatment was found to significantly improve the LPS-induced morphological damage of the mitochondria. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we demonstrate that SFI protects against sepsis-induced myocardial injury in mice through the suppression of myocardial apoptosis. It upregulates the protein expression of Bcl-2 and downregulates the protein expression of Bid, t-Bid and caspase-9, and alleviates sepsis-induced mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, JingJiang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, China.
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ying-Shi Wen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, China.
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shi-Qi Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Wang L, Zhang J, Zhao C, Jia Z, Feng X. Melatonin Reverses 10-Hydroxycamptothecin-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Mouse Oocyte. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:1839-1849. [PMID: 33104985 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is a widely used anticancer drug that induces cytotoxicity by triggering the cell apoptotic pathway. Studies have shown that HCPT has harmful effects on normal cells, but whether HCPT affects the development of mouse oocytes in vitro has not been reported. First, this study investigated the development of oocytes exposed to 60 μM HCPT in vitro. In the HCPT-treated group, the first polar body extrusion (PBE) rate of oocytes decreased, spindle morphology was abnormal, DNA double-strand break, oxidative stress level increased, and mitochondrial distribution was abnormal. The apoptosis and autophagy levels of oocytes in the HCPT-treated group were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Compared with the control group, the expressions of key regulators of oocyte apoptosis (bax, caspase-3) and autophagy (lc3, beclin, ATG12) pathway were increased in the HCPT-treated group. HCPT treatment induced apoptosis and autophagy in oocytes. Melatonin (MT) can protect cell structure, prevent DNA damage, and reduce the content of peroxides. So we wondered whether MT could ameliorate the harmful effects of mouse oocytes induced by HCPT. Interestingly, the addition of 1 mM MT can protect oocytes from HCPT toxicity to some extent. Compared with the HCPT group, the addition of 1 mM MT increased the PBE ratio of oocytes, decreased ROS levels, and decreased spindle abnormalities and DNA breakage ratio. In summary, these results revealed that HCPT exhibited adverse effects on mouse oocyte maturation and quality, and MT administration alleviated the negative influence of HCPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Wang
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chengtian Zhao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jia
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xizeng Feng
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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182
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Lei F, Wang W, Fu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Mitochondrial KATP channels contribute to the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against impairment of central chemoreception of rat offspring exposed to maternal cigarette smoke. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237643. [PMID: 33064729 PMCID: PMC7567348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure resulted in impairment of central chemoreception and induced mitochondrial dysfunction in offspring parafacial respiratory group (pFRG), the kernel for mammalian central chemoreception. We also found that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could attenuate maternal CS exposure-induced impairment of central chemoreception in the rat offspring in vivo. Mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel has been reported to play a significant role in mitochondrial functions and protect against apoptosis in neurons. Thus, we hypothesize here that mitoKATP channel plays a role in the protective effects of H2S on neonatal central chemoreception in maternal CS-exposed rats. Our findings revealed that pretreatment with NaHS (donor of H2S, 22.4mM) reversed the central chemosensitivity decreased by maternal CS exposure, and also inhibited cell apoptosis in offspring pFRG, however, 5-HD (blocker of mitoKATP channels, 19mM) attenuated the protective effects of NaHS. In addition, NaHS declined pro-apoptotic proteins related to mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in CS rat offspring pFRG, such as Bax, Cytochrome C, caspase9 and caspase3. NaHS or 5-HD alone had no significant effect on above indexes. These results suggest that mitoKATP channels play an important role in the protective effect of H2S against impairment of central chemoreception via anti-apoptosis in pFRG of rat offspring exposed to maternal CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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183
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Triterpenoid Saponin AG8 from Ardisia gigantifolia stapf. Induces Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7963212. [PMID: 33123316 PMCID: PMC7584968 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7963212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are associated with poor patient survival because of the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressions. Our previous studies have shown that the triterpenoid saponin AG8 from Ardisia gigantifolia stapf. inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. In this study, the effects of AG8 were further analyzed in different TNBC cell types: MDA-MB-231, BT-549, and MDA-MB-157 cells. AG8 inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231, BT-549, and MDA-MB-157 cells in a dose-dependent manner and showed stronger cytotoxicity to African American (AA) and mesenchymal (M) subtypes than Caucasian (CA) and mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) subtypes, respectively. AG8 impaired the uptake of MitoTracker Red CMXRos by the mitochondria of TNBC cells in a dose-dependent manner, and this was recovered by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). AG8 affected GSH, SOD, and MDA levels of TNBC cells, but different TNBC subtypes had different sensitivities to AG8 and NAC. In addition, we found that AG8 increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the levels of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and significantly decreased phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in BT549 and MDA-MB-157 cells. AG8 elicited its anticancer effects through ROS generation, ERK and AKT activation, and by triggering mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in TNBC cells. AG8 had selective cytotoxic effects against the AA and M TNBC subtypes and markedly induced MDA-MB-157 (AA subtype) cell apoptosis through pathways that were not associated with ROS, which was different from the other two subtypes. The underlying mechanisms should be further investigated.
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184
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Xue Y, Li M, Xue Y, Jin W, Han X, Zhang J, Chu X, Li Z, Chu L. Mechanisms underlying the protective effect of tannic acid against arsenic trioxide‑induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Potential involvement of mitochondrial apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4663-4674. [PMID: 33173965 PMCID: PMC7646850 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a frontline chemotherapy drug used in the therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the clinical use of ATO is hindered by its cardiotoxicity. The present study aimed to observe the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of tannic acid (TA) against ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. Male rats were intraperitoneally injected with ATO (5 mg/kg/day) to induce cardiotoxicity. TA (20 and 40 mg/kg/day) was administered to evaluate its cardioprotective efficacy against ATO-induced heart injury in rats. Administration of ATO resulted in pathological damage in the heart and increased oxidative stress as well as levels of serum cardiac biomarkers creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase and the inflammatory marker NF-κB (p65). Conversely, TA markedly reversed this phenomenon. Additionally, TA treatment caused a notable decrease in the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax, p53 and Bad, while increasing Bcl-2 expression levels. Notably, the application of TA decreased the expression levels of cytochrome c, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases and high-temperature requirement A2, which are apoptosis mitochondrial-associated proteins. The present findings indicated that TA protected against ATO-induced cardiotoxicity, which may be associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yurun Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Weiyue Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Ziliang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
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185
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Lai MC, Liu WY, Liou SS, Liu IM. A Bibenzyl Component Moscatilin Mitigates Glycation-Mediated Damages in an SH-SY5Y Cell Model of Neurodegenerative Diseases through AMPK Activation and RAGE/NF- κB Pathway Suppression. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194574. [PMID: 33036367 PMCID: PMC7582731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Moscatilin can protect rat pheochromocytoma cells against methylglyoxal-induced damage. Elimination of the effect of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) but activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are the potential therapeutic targets for the neurodegenerative diseases. Our study aimed to clarify AMPK signaling’s role in the beneficial effects of moscatilin on the diabetic/hyperglycemia-associated neurodegenerative disorders. AGEs-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells was used as an in vitro neurodegenerative model. AGEs stimulation resulted in cellular viability loss and reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. It was observed that the cleaved forms of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase increased in SH-SY5Y cells following AGEs exposure. AGEs decreased Bcl-2 but increased Bax and p53 expression and nuclear factor kappa-B activation in SH-SY5Y cells. AGEs also attenuated the phosphorylation level of AMPK. These AGEs-induced detrimental effects were ameliorated by moscatilin, which was similar to the actions of metformin. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, abolished the beneficial effects of moscatilin on the regulation of SH-SY5Y cells’ function, indicating the involvement of AMPK. In conclusion, moscatilin offers a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the neurotoxicity or AMPK dysfunction of AGEs. It provides a potential beneficial effect with AGEs-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chou Lai
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; (M.C.L.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Wayne Young Liu
- Department of Urology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 41265, Taiwan;
- Center for Basic Medical Science, Collage of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 406053, Taiwan
| | - Shorong-Shii Liou
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; (M.C.L.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; (M.C.L.); (S.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-7624002
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186
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Li X, Qin X, Tian J, Gao X, Wu X, Du G, Zhou Y. Liquiritin protects PC12 cells from corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity via regulation of metabolic disorders, attenuation ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway, activation Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, and inhibition mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111801. [PMID: 33035630 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquiritin, a flavone derived from the medicine food homology plant liquorice, possesses neuroprotective. However, the neuroprotective mechanism is not clear. In this study, metabolomics based LC-MS was performed to discover the metabolite changes in PC12 cells treated with corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity after liquiritin treatment. A total of 30 metabolites were identified as differential metabolites. Among them, 11 metabolites were regulated by liquiritin, and involved in the D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, and glutathione metabolism, etc. Based on the results of metabolomics, three cell signaling pathways related to these metabolic pathways were verified. The results showed that the ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway related to the D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism was attenuated by liquiritin via down-regulation phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-IκBα, phospho-NF-κB protein expression levels. Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Additionally, liquiritin inhibited the mitochondrial apoptosis by decreasing the Ca2+ concentration, improving MMP, up-regulating Bcl-2, and down-regulating Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved-Caspase-3 expression levels. These results suggest that the neuroprotective mechanisms of liquiritin are connected to the regulation of metabolic disorders, activation Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, attenuation ERK1/2/NF-κB pathway, and inhibition mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Junsheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xingkang Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
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187
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Dimethoate Induces DNA Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Triggering Apoptosis in Rat Bone-Marrow and Peripheral Blood Cells. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040080. [PMID: 33019668 PMCID: PMC7712428 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dimethoate (DM) is an organophosphorus (OP) pesticide with wide use in the pest control. Its persistence in crops and soils could possibly cause adverse health consequences in humans as well as other non-target species. Since molecular studies confirming potential genotoxicity of DM have not been previously reported, the acute in vivo toxicological impact was evaluated in Wistar rats. Significant micronuclei induction and metaphase chromosome abnormalities in bone marrow cells exposed to three different DM doses (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg-bw) at multiple treatment durations (24, 48 and 72 h) indicated positive dose response relationship, confirming its genotoxic and cytotoxic potential. Significant mitotic index decrease was seen in dosed animals compared to vehicle control. The study used peripheral blood comet assay, indicating DM-mediated damage to DNA at all exposure levels in a time responsive manner. These assays were found to be an effective, precise, and fast technique with applied value in biomonitoring studies. Cell cycle and apoptosis along with mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in flow cytometric analyses confirmed DM exposure decreased MMP, affected the cell cycle, and inflicted DNA damage, which led to cellular apoptosis of leukocytes culminating into immunotoxic effects. The in silico experiments consequently augmented that DM showed acceptable binding energy value for Cyclin A2, suggesting that it could inhibit the cell cycle progression by inhibiting cyclin A2.
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188
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Yuan J, Lan H, Jiang X, Zeng D, Xiao S. Bcl‑2 family: Novel insight into individualized therapy for ovarian cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1255-1265. [PMID: 32945348 PMCID: PMC7447322 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance to platinum‑based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer in the advanced stage remains a formidable concern clinically. Increasing evidence has revealed that apoptosis represents the terminal events of the anti‑tumor mechanisms of a number of chemical drugs and has a close association with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) family plays a crucial role in apoptosis and has a close association with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Some drugs that target Bcl‑2 family members have shown efficacy in overcoming the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. A BH3 profiling assay was found to be able to predict how primed a cell is when treated with antitumor drugs. The present review summarizes the role of the Bcl‑2 family in mediating cell death in response to antitumor drugs and novel drugs that target Bcl‑2 family members. The application of the new functional assay, BH3 profiling, is also discussed herein. Furthermore, the present review presents the hypothesis that targeting Bcl‑2 family members may prove to be helpful for the individualized therapy of ovarian cancer in clinical practice and in laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hua Lan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Da Zeng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Pyo MC, Shin HS, Jeon GY, Lee KW. Synergistic Interaction of Ochratoxin A and Acrylamide Toxins in Human Kidney and Liver Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1346-1355. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Pyo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University
| | - Hye Soo Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University
| | - Gyeong Yun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University
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190
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Li J, Zhong C, Liao Z, Mao L, Li W, Sun M, Liu M, Ji X, Liu C, Xue T, Yang L, Zhang W. Bta-miR-98 Suppresses Replication of Caprine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Through Inhibiting Apoptosis by Targeting Caspase-3. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1575. [PMID: 32983081 PMCID: PMC7484655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 (CPIV3) is an emerging respiratory pathogen that affects the sheep and goat industry in China and possibly other countries around the world. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs play important roles in regulating virus-host interactions and can suppress or facilitate viral replication. In this study, we showed that CPIV3 infection induced apoptosis in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, as determined by morphological changes and flow cytometry. Caspase activity and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes further indicated that CPIV3 induced apoptosis by activating both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. We also demonstrated the involvement of bta-microRNA-98 (bta-miR-98) in regulating CPIV3-induced apoptosis. Bta-miR-98 was downregulated in MDBK cells infected with CPIV3. Overexpression of bta-miR-98 significantly decreased the activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Conversely, inhibition of bta-miR-98 had completely opposite effects. Furthermore, our data showed that bta-miR-98 markedly affected CPIV3 replication by regulating apoptosis. Importantly, we found that bta-miR-98 modulated CPIV3-induced apoptosis by targeting caspase-3, an effector of apoptosis. Collectively, our results may suggest that CPIV3 infection induced apoptosis and downregulated the levels of bta-miR-98, and this miRNA regulated viral replication through effected apoptosis. This study contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CPIV3 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chunyan Zhong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Liao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Mao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Maojun Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinqin Ji
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chuanmin Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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191
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Skuratovskaia D, Komar A, Vulf M, Litvinova L. Mitochondrial destiny in type 2 diabetes: the effects of oxidative stress on the dynamics and biogenesis of mitochondria. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9741. [PMID: 32904391 PMCID: PMC7453922 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One reason for the development of insulin resistance is the chronic inflammation in obesity. Materials & Methods Scientific articles in the field of knowledge on the involvement of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in obesity and type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Results Oxidative stress developed during obesity contributes to the formation of peroxynitrite, which causes cytochrome C-related damage in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress contributes to the nuclease activity of the mitochondrial matrix, which leads to the accumulation of cleaved fragments and an increase in heteroplasmy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA variations during insulin resistance may be connected with a change in ATP levels, generation of ROS, mitochondrial division/fusion and mitophagy. This review discusses the main role of mitochondria in the development of insulin resistance, which leads to pathological processes in insulin-dependent tissues, and considers potential therapeutic directions based on the modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. In this regard, the development of drugs aimed at the regulation of these processes is gaining attention. Conclusion Changes in the mtDNA copy number can help to protect mitochondria from severe damage during conditions of increased oxidative stress. Mitochondrial proteome studies are conducted to search for potential therapeutic targets. The use of mitochondrial peptides encoded by mtDNA also represents a promising new approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Komar
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Vulf
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
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192
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Cannabinoid-Induced Immunomodulation during Viral Infections: A Focus on Mitochondria. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080875. [PMID: 32796517 PMCID: PMC7472050 DOI: 10.3390/v12080875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the impact of cannabinoids on viral infections, as well as its effects on the mitochondria of the nervous and immune system. The paper conveys information about the beneficial and negative impacts of cannabinoids on viral infections, especially HIV-1. These include effects on the inflammatory response as well as neuroprotective effects. We also explore non-apoptotic mitochondrial pathways modulated by the activity of cannabinoids, resulting in modifications to cellular functions. As a large part of the literature derives from studies of the nervous system, we first compile the information related to mitochondrial functions in this system, particularly through the CB1 receptor. Finally, we reflect on how this knowledge could complement what has been demonstrated in the immune system, especially in the context of the CB2 receptor and Ca2+ uptake. The overall conclusion of the review is that cannabinoids have the potential to affect a broad range of cell types through mitochondrial modulation, be it through receptor-specific action or not, and that this pathway has a potential implication in cases of viral infection.
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193
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Magusto J, Majdi A, Gautheron J. [Cell death mechanisms in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis]. Biol Aujourdhui 2020; 214:1-13. [PMID: 32773025 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2020002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Continuous cell death associated with inflammation is a key trigger of disease progression notably in chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Apoptosis has been studied as a potential target for reducing cell death in NASH. However, recent studies suggest that caspase inhibition is inefficient to treat NASH patients and may aggravate the disease by redirecting cells to alternative mechanisms of cell death. Alternative forms of lytic cell death have recently been identified and are known to induce strong inflammatory responses due to cell membrane permeabilization. Therefore, controlling lytic cell death modes offers new opportunities for potential therapeutic intervention in NASH. This review summarizes the underlying molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and lytic cell death modes, including necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, and discusses their relevance in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Magusto
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 27 rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France - Institut de Cardiométabolisme et de Nutrition (ICAN), GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Amine Majdi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 27 rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France - Institut de Cardiométabolisme et de Nutrition (ICAN), GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 27 rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France - Institut de Cardiométabolisme et de Nutrition (ICAN), GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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194
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Akash MSH, Sabir S, Rehman K. Bisphenol A-induced metabolic disorders: From exposure to mechanism of action. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:103373. [PMID: 32200274 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered as ubiquitous xenooestrogen and an endocrine disrupting chemical which has deleterious effects on endocrine functions. Human populations are continuously exposed to BPA as it is abundant in daily life. It has been found to be associated with wide range of metabolic disorders notably type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Numerous epidemiological studies have been conducted to find its role in development of DM. Experimental studies have found that BPA exposure is associated with pathogenesis of DM and also considered as a risk factor for gestational diabetes. Being a lipophilic compound, BPA is preferably accumulated in adipose tissues where it alters the production of adipokines that play important roles in insulin resistance. BPA induces apoptosis by caspase activation after mitochondrial damage and it impairs insulin signaling pathways by altering associated ion channel activity especially potassium channels. Perinatal exposure of BPA makes offspring more susceptible to develop DM in early years. Epigenetic modifications are the key mechanisms for BPA-induced metabolic re-programming, where BPA alters the expression of DNA methyltransferases involved in methylation of various genes. In this way, DNA methyltransferase controls the expression of numerous genes including genes important for insulin secretion and signaling. Furthermore, BPA induces histone modifications and alters miRNA expression. In this article, we have briefly described the sources of BPA exposure to human being and summarized the evidence from epidemiological studies linking DM with BPA exposure. Additionally, we have also highlighted the potential molecular pathways for BPA-induced DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakila Sabir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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195
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Glycosylation end products mediate damage and apoptosis of periodontal ligament stem cells induced by the JNK-mitochondrial pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12850-12868. [PMID: 32611833 PMCID: PMC7377852 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have confirmed the bidirectional relationship between the two and the exacerbation of periodontitis by type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the pathogenic mechanism has not yet been clarified, AGEs has been linked to the pathogenesis of both periodontitis and T2DM, JNK signaling pathway might play a important role to explain the inner mechanism. Objectives: To study advanced glycation end products (AGEs) activate the innate immune system of the host by activating oxidative stress and affecting cellular signal transduction in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs); Results: TNF-α and/or AGEs can induce the formation of endogenous ROS in PDLSCs, thereby activating the downstream JNK signalling pathway, leading to the initiation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway and the induction of PDLSC apoptosis. Conclusion: we hypothesized that the JNK pathway is a key link in the apoptosis of PDLSCs mediated by TNF-α and/or AGEs. Materials and Methods: PDLSCs from healthy volunteers were extracted, cultured and stimulated with TNF-a and/or AGEs, Flow cytometry, CCK-8, multidifferential assay, RT-PCR, apoptosis assay, Transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting were recruit to detect the internal relations between AGEs and PDLSCs.
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196
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Negara KS, Suwiyoga K, Sudewi R, Astawa NM, Arijana GNK, Tunas K, Pemayun TGA. The role of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways of apoptosis in the premature rupture of the membranes: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:439-448. [PMID: 32754679 PMCID: PMC7340985 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i6.7285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) remains a problem in obstetrics, the mechanisms of PROM have not been clearly defined. Apoptosis is thought to play a key role in the mechanism, via caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Caspase-3, Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and anti-apoptosis B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) are hypothesized to be involved in PROM. Objective To determine the role of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways in the mechanism of PROM. Materials and Methods This was a case-control study involving 42 pregnant women with gestational age between 20-42 wk. Participants were divided into the case group (with PROM) and control group (without PROM). Amniotic membranes were collected immediately after the delivery, and samples were taken from the site of membrane rupture. Immunohistochemical examination was done to determine the expression of Caspase-3, AIF, and Bcl-2. Results The expressions of Caspase-3 (OR = 9.75; 95% CI = 2.16-43.95; p = 0.001) and AIF (OR = 6.60; 95% CI = 1.48-29.36; p = 0.009) were significantly increased, whereas, Bcl-2 expressions (OR = 8.00; 95% CI = 1.79-35.74; p = 0.004) were significantly decreased in the case group. Conclusion High Caspase-3, AIF, and low Bcl-2 expression were the risk factors for PROM. Thus, it is evident that caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways are involved in the mechanism of PROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketut Surya Negara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Suwiyoga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Raka Sudewi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital Bali, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Ketut Tunas
- Department of Public Health, Dhyana Pura University Bali, Indonesia
| | - Tjokorda Gede Astawa Pemayun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
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197
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Elgizawy HA, Ali AA, Hussein MA. Resveratrol: Isolation, and Its Nanostructured Lipid Carriers, Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Induces Cell Apoptosis in Certain Human Cell Lines Carcinoma and Exerts Protective Effect Against Paraquat-Induced Hepatotoxicity. J Med Food 2020; 24:89-100. [PMID: 32580673 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) (trans-3, 5,-4'-trihydroxystilebene) is a multi-biofunctional compound found in a variety of plants such as grapes and mulberries. Studies of nanoencapsulated resveratrol have indicated that this compound can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and free radicals. The aim of this study was to isolate resveratrol from Vitis vinifera, develop and evaluate resveratrol nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and/or resveratrol encapsulated chitosan-coated nanostructured lipid carriers (CSNLCs) using low-viscous chitosan for anticancer therapy. In addition, our study was carried out to examine the prophylactic potential of RES, NLC, and CSNLC on paraquat-induced injury in rat hepatocytes. In this study we isolated resveratrol and encapsulated NLCs in phosphate-buffered saline solution using a phase inversion method. In addition, CSNLCs were prepared by ionic gelation method of NLCs using chitosan. NLCs and CSNLCs were then characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and entrapment efficiency. Furthermore, NLCs and CSNLCs were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect on Hep-G2, human HCT-116 (colorectal cancer cell line), lymphoblastic leukemia (1301), and human MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) cells as well as their effect on caspase-3 and death receptor (DR-4). In addition, incubation of hepatocytes with paraquat resulted in increased formation of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) with a parallel increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage at 1 h after incubation. Time-dependent depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) was observed starting 2 h after incubation with paraquat. The mean particle size of NLC and CSNLC were 67.0 and 98.41 nm, zeta potential were (-) 24.8 and (+) 31.6 mV, entrapment efficiency were 74.15% and 85.46%, respectively, with the observed shapes of nanoparticle being spherical. The treatment of Hep-G2, human HCT-116, lymphoblastic leukemia (1301), and human MCF-7 cells with NLC led to high inhibition in the cell proliferation as concluded by the low IC50 values 27.7, 17.43, 35.39, and 47.66 μg/mL, respectively, whereas CSNLC had high cytotoxic effect on Hep-G2, human HCT-116, lymphoblastic leukemia (1301), and human MCF-7 cells with low IC50 values 13.29, 10.56, 16.79 and 22.60 μg/mL, respectively. Both NLC and CSNLC possess apoptotic properties through activation of the caspase-3 and death receptor (DR-4). In addition, incubation of hepatocytes with RES, NLC, and CSNLC markedly protected against paraquat-induced formation of TBARS, increase in LDH leakage, and prevented GSH depletion. The most effective doses for ethyl acetate, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts were 7.5, 10, and 12.5 μg, respectively. The results presented here may suggest that nanoencapsulated resveratrol isolated from the stems of V. vinifera to obtain NLC and CSNLC possess anticancer and apoptotic effects on cell proliferation, and therefore, can be used as new approach of pharmaceutical drugs. In addition, the results clearly suggest that the RES, NLC, and CSNLC exerted protective effect against cytotoxicity induced by paraquat. On the contrary, the effect decreased in order of CSNLC, NLC, and RES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Elgizawy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, Sixth of October City, Egypt
| | - Ali A Ali
- Vice President of Post Graduate Studies, October 6 University, Sixth of October City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Hussein
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, Sixth of October City, Egypt
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198
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Urupocidin C: a new marine guanidine alkaloid which selectively kills prostate cancer cells via mitochondria targeting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9764. [PMID: 32555282 PMCID: PMC7299949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New bicyclic guanidine alkaloid, urupocidin C (Ur-C) along with the previously known urupocidin A (Ur-A) were isolated from the rare deep-sea marine sponge Monanchora pulchra, harvested in Northwestern Pacific waters. The unique structure of Ur-C was elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectra. We discovered a promising selectivity of both alkaloids for human prostate cancer (PCa) cells, including highly drug-resistant lines, compared to non-malignant cells. In cancer cells, marine derived compounds were able to induce G1- and S-cell cycle arrest as well as caspase-mediated cell death. For the first time we have identified mitochondrial targeting as a central mechanism of anticancer action for these and similar molecules. Thus, treatment with the isolated alkaloids resulted in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization consequently leading to the release of cytotoxic mitochondrial proteins to cellular cytoplasm, ROS upregulation, consequent activation of caspase-9 and -3, followed by PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis. Moreover, synergistic effects were observed when Ur-A and Ur-C were combined with clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib. Finally, these alkaloids exhibited additive effects in combination with docetaxel and androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide, both applied in PCa therapy. In conclusion, urupocidin-like compounds are promising lead molecules for the development of new drugs for the treatment of advanced PCa.
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199
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MicroRNA-182-5p protects human lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting NOX4 and p38 MAPK signalling. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:233. [PMID: 32552665 PMCID: PMC7301500 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed in various ocular diseases, including age-related cataract. However, the role of miR-182-5p in the progression of age-related cataract remains unclear. Methods The expression of miR-182-5p in HLE-B3 cells was detected by qRT-PCR. HLE-B3 cells were transfected with miR-182-5p mimics. CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, JC-1 kit, and western blot were used to assess the cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and protein expression, respectively, in vitro. The relationship between miR-182-5p and NOX4 was confirmed using the dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis. Results We found that miR-182-5p expression was significantly decreased by the H2O2 exposure. Overexpression of miR-182-5p promoted cell proliferation and inhibited ROS production and apoptosis in H2O2-induced HLE-B3 cells. Moreover, p-p-38, p-ERK, and p-JNK were up-regulated in H2O2-treated HLE-B3 cells, and overexpression of miR-182-5p reversed the effects of H2O2 on HLE-B3 cells. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assay substantiated that NOX4 was a direct target and downregulated by miR-182-5p. Conclusions We concluded that miR-182-5p inhibited lens epithelial cells apoptosis through regulating NOX4 and p38 MAPK signaling, providing a novel biomarker for treatment of age-related cataract.
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200
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Tao L, Liu X, Da W, Tao Z, Zhu Y. Pycnogenol achieves neuroprotective effects in rats with spinal cord injury by stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Neurol Res 2020; 42:597-604. [PMID: 32497471 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1773610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to verify the neuroprotective effects of pycnogenol (PYC) on spinal cord injury (SCI) and to determine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Male Wistar rats were selected to establish a model of SCI in accordance with the Allen's protocol. The rats in the PYC group were treated with 100 mg/kg PYC by intraperitoneal injection 15 minutes after SCI. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to evaluate locomotor activity. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) production were detected by ELISA. The expression of Cleaved-caspase 3, Bcl-2, Bax and the levels of Cytochrome c (Cyt-c) were analysed by Western blot or Immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we used the JC-1 fluorescent probe to analyse the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). RESULTS The rats that received PYC had significantly higher BBB scores than the control lesion rats. PYC treatment resulted in reduced bleeding in spinal cord tissue and proliferation of glial cells, greater numbers of anterior horn neurons, more complete structures of residual neurons, and significant improvement in Nissl body morphology. In addition, PYC reduced MDA production and increased SOD activity. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was significantly increased in the PYC treatment group compared with the SCI group. In addition, PYC decreased the expression of Cleaved-caspase 3 and Bax and the release of Cyt-c and increased the expression of Bcl-2 in the SCI rats. CONCLUSIONS The above findings suggested that PYC can improve motor function and reduce neuronal apoptosis after SCI by stabilizing the MMP through the inhibition of oxidative stress. ABBREVIATIONS DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; IHC: immunological histological chemistry; MDA: malondialdehyde; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; PMSF: phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; PVDF: polyvinylidene difluoride; PYC: Pycnogenol; RIPA: radio immunoprecipitation assay; SCI: spinal cord injury; SOD: superoxide dismutase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University First Hospital , Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wacili Da
- Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University First Hospital , Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhengbo Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University First Hospital , Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University First Hospital , Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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