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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernandez-Gonzalez V, Reverter-Masia J. Effects of Whole Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness and Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Public Health 2020; 8:313. [PMID: 32793536 PMCID: PMC7391420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related problems such as chronic diseases, functional limitation and dependence, reduce the quality of life in the elderly, and increase public spending in health. It has been established that physical activity plays a fundamental role in the health of the elderly. The whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) could be a successful methodology as high-intensity training to improve the physical fitness of older people. Methods: A minimum of 13 women between 55 and 70 years old will be randomized in two groups. The exercise with WB-EMS group (EX + WB-EMS) will conduct a resistance strength training program with superimposed WB-EMS while the exercise group (EX) will perform only resistance strength and aerobic training. Balance, strength, flexibility, agility, speed, and aerobic performance (EXERNET battery and progressive resistance test), as well as body composition, blood parameters and physical activity reporting (IPAQ-E) will be assessed to analyze the effects of whole body electromyostimulation in the physical fitness and the health in postmenopausal women. Discussion: Innovative and scientifically well-designed protocols are needed to enhance the knowledge of the body's responses within this training methodology which is being used by a big quantity of population. This trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of whole-body electromyostimulation in physical fitness and health in elderly women. Trial Registration: ISRCTN15558857 registration data: 27/11/2019 (retrospectively registered).
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152
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Yamazaki K, Ito T, Sakai Y, Nishio R, Ito Y, Morita Y. Postural Sway during Local Vibratory Stimulation for Proprioception in Elderly Individuals with Pre-Sarcopenia. Phys Ther Res 2020; 23:149-152. [PMID: 33489652 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have demonstrated that the loss of muscle mass (LMM) poses a risk of postural instability in the elderly; however, few studies have shown how LMM decreases proprioception. In this study, we investigated the changes in postural sway among older individuals with LMM induced by application of a local vibratory stimulus. METHOD We enrolled 64 older adults (mean age). Postural sway was measured while applying vibration stimuli of 30, 60, and 240 Hz to both the gastrocnemius and lumbar multifidus muscles. We also measured the relative proprioceptive weighting ratio (RPW) of postural sway. The patients were divided into LMM and non-LMM (NLMM) groups. The study subjects were compared in terms of their age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lower leg skeletal muscle mass index (LSMI), L4/5 lumbar multifidus cross-sectional area ratio, and RPW at 30, 60, and 240 Hz. RESULTS Subjects in the LMM group showed a significantly lower RPW at 60 Hz, LSMI, and BMI than did those in the NLMM group. CONCLUSIONS Decrease in RPW with 60-Hz stimulation concerning the lower leg proprioception is a risk factor for LMM-associated postural instability in the elderly. Consequently, with respect to the gastrocnemius muscles proprioception in LMM, it is necessary to perform assessments using muscle spindle stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Yamazaki
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University
| | - Tadashi Ito
- Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis Room, Aichi Prefectural Mikawa Aoitori Medical and Rehabilitation Center for Developmental Disabilities
| | - Yoshihito Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Reiya Nishio
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Yohei Ito
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshifumi Morita
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
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153
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Lange E, Gjertsson I, Mannerkorpi K. Long-time follow up of physical activity level among older adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2020; 17:10. [PMID: 32699561 PMCID: PMC7368988 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-020-00242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and exercise are acknowledged as important parts in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, long-term maintenance of exercise is known to be difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate change in physical activity and physical fitness after four years in older adults with RA who had previously participated in exercise with person-centred guidance compared to controls. METHOD A follow-up study was performed where older adults (> 65 years) who had participated in a randomized controlled trial where they were allocated to either exercise with person-centred guidance or home-based, light-intensity exercise (controls) were invited to one visit and assessed with performance-based test, blood-sampling and self-reported questionnaires. Forty-seven out of 70 older adults accepted participation, 24 from the exercise group and 23 from the control group. Comparisons of the result with baseline values were performed and explanatory factors for increase of physical activity were examined with logistic regression. RESULTS The result show that there was no significant difference in weekly hours of physical activity when groups where compared. However, participants in the exercise group rated significantly increased weekly hours of physical activity after four years (p = 0.004) when compared to baseline. Higher levels of fatigue, BMI and physical activity, at baseline were negatively associated with increased physical activity after four years. There was no significant difference in change of physical fitness between the groups. Within group analysis showed that the control group reported increased pain (p = 0.035), fatigue (p = 0.023) increased number of tender joints (p = 0.028) higher disease activity (p = 0.007) and worsening of global health (p = 0.004) when compared to baseline while the exercise group remained at the same level as at baseline. CONCLUSION These results indicate that introducing moderate- to high intensity exercise with person-centred guidance might favor increased physical activity after four years in older adults with RA. Previous partaking in moderate- to high intensity exercise might also be protective against increased disease activity, pain and fatigue over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Lange
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 455, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Center for Person-centred Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- University of Gothenburg Center for Person-centred Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 455, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Center for Person-centred Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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154
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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernandez-Gonzalez V, Nasarre-Nacenta N, Reverter-Masia J. Impact of Whole Body Electromyostimulation on Velocity, Power and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4982. [PMID: 32664361 PMCID: PMC7400631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with losses in strength and power along with weight and fat mass gains, which may result from menopause-related hormonal changes, aging-associated diseases, and decreased physical activity time. The objective of this study is to analyze if whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is suitable for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal physical deterioration. Thirty-four healthy sedentary women between 55 and 69 years followed an experimental design pre-post test. Both groups conducted 10 weeks of aerobic and strength training program. The experimental group conducted the training with superimposed WB-EMS during exercise. At the end of the intervention, the experimental group obtained better power (Squat: mean difference (MD) = 38.69 W [1.75,75.62], d = 0.81; Bench press: MD = 25.64 W [17.48, 33.82], d = 2.39) and velocity (Squat: MD = 0.04 m·s-1 [0.01, 0.08], d = 0.98; Bench press: MD = 0.10 m·s-1 [0.06, 0.14], d = 1.90) score improvements than the other group (pBonferroni < 0.05). Furthermore, trivial to small effects were found in the body composition of the participants of both groups (p > 0.050). WB-EMS showed a favorable isolated effect on the development of power and velocity, but it induced negligible effects on the body composition of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido
- EUSES Escola Universitària de la Salut i l’Esport, Rovira i Virgili University, 43870 Tarragona, Spain; (J.V.B.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
| | | | | | - Joaquin Reverter-Masia
- EUSES Escola Universitària de la Salut i l’Esport, Rovira i Virgili University, 43870 Tarragona, Spain; (J.V.B.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
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155
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Tavoian D, Russ DW, Consitt LA, Clark BC. Perspective: Pragmatic Exercise Recommendations for Older Adults: The Case for Emphasizing Resistance Training. Front Physiol 2020; 11:799. [PMID: 32719618 PMCID: PMC7348658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal health benefits from exercise are achieved by meeting both aerobic and muscle strengthening guidelines, however, most older adults (OAs) do not exercise and the majority of those who do only perform one type of exercise. A pragmatic solution to this problem may be emphasizing a single exercise strategy that maximizes health benefits. The loss of muscle mass and strength at an accelerated rate are hallmarks of aging that, without intervention, eventually lead to physical disability and loss of independence. Additionally, OAs are at risk of developing several chronic diseases. As such, participating in activities that can maintain or increase muscle mass and strength, as well as decrease chronic disease risk, is essential for healthy aging. Unfortunately, there is a widely held belief that adaptations to aerobic and resistance exercise are independent of each other, requiring the participation of both types of exercise to achieve optimal health. However, we argue that this assertion is incorrect, and we discuss crossover adaptations of both aerobic and resistance exercise. Aerobic exercise can increase muscle mass and strength, though not consistently and may be limited to exercise that overloads a particular muscle group, such as stationary bicycling. In contrast, resistance exercise is effective at maintaining muscle health with increasing age, and also has significant effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cancer, and mortality. We posit that resistance exercise is the most effective standalone exercise strategy for improving overall health in OAs and should be emphasized in future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallin Tavoian
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - David W. Russ
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Leslie A. Consitt
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Brian C. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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156
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Lee SP, Hsu YW, Andrew L, Davis T, Johnson C. Fear of falling avoidance behavior affects the inter-relationship between vision impairment and diminished mobility in community-dwelling older adults. Physiother Theory Pract 2020; 38:686-694. [PMID: 32543314 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1780656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related decline in vision may contribute to the development of fear of falling (FOF) behavior and reduced mobility, which are related to increased fall risk in older adults. PURPOSE To investigate the inter-relationship between vision impairment, physical mobility performance, and FOF behavior in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A total of 400 participants from community centers (267 females; age = 74.8 (6.4), range = 65-97 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Presence of age-related eye diseases (e.g. macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and retinopathy) and visual acuity (VA) was assessed. Physical mobility and FOF avoidance behavior were assessed using the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test and the Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire (FFABQ). The inter-relationships between parameters were analyzed using mediation model analysis. RESULTS Significant decreases in mobility performance were observed in those with eye disease (eye disease = 9.56 [5.2] sec, no eye disease = 8.54 [2.75] sec; p = .037) and FOF avoidance behavior (avoiders = 12.87 [6.04] sec, non-avoiders = 8.51 [3.56] sec; p < .001). Furthermore, FOF behavior was found to significantly influence the inter-relationship between presence of eye disease and TUG performance (p = .004). VA alone had no significant effect on mobility (p = .69). CONCLUSION The presence of eye disease and the associated FOF behavior was related to decreased mobility and potentially increased fall risk. We recommend clinicians to inquire about the presence of eye disease and FOF behavior to identify risk factors related to falls in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ping Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lauren Andrew
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Synergy Physical Therapy, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Talia Davis
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Christian Johnson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Services, Boulder City Hospital, Boulder City, NV, USA
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157
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Gawel SH, Davis GJ, Luo M, Deutz NEP, Wolfe RR, Pereira SL. Serum biomarkers that predict lean mass loss over bed rest in older adults: An exploratory study. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:72-78. [PMID: 32505773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lean mass (LM) loss during extended bed rest contributes to long term functional decline in older adults. Identifying blood biomarkers that predict a hospitalized individual's risk of losing LM could allow for timely intervention. METHODS LM from 19 healthy subjects (age 60-76 y, 4 males, 15 females), who were confined to 10 days of complete bed rest, was measured pre- and post-bed rest. One hundred eighty-seven biomarkers from pre-bed rest fasted serum samples were obtained from all evaluable subjects (n = 18), analyzed using multiplexed immunoassay array and pooled. Decision tree analysis was used to identify pre-bed rest markers that predict LM loss over bed rest. RESULTS Sixty-three markers were excluded due to being below assay detection limits. One pair of markers, Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP1) and tenascin C (TNC), were found to correlate with percent change in total LM over bed rest: [R2 = 0.71, all subjects; R2 = 0.76, females]. Subjects with pre-bed rest TIMP1 ≥ 141 ng/ml had the highest loss of total LM over bed rest, whereas subjects with pre-bed rest TIMP1 < 141 and TNC ≥ 461 ng/ml maintained total LM over bed rest. An additional marker set was found to correlate with percent change in leg LM loss over bed rest: matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP3) and apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) [R2 = 0.59, females]. Females with pre-bed rest MMP3 < 6.93 ng/ml had the highest loss of leg LM over bed rest. Whereas females with pre-bed rest MMP3 ≥ 6.93 and ApoA2 < 276 ng/ml, maintained leg lean mass at the end of bed rest. CONCLUSIONS Panels of blood biomarkers associated with the muscle extracellular matrix may predict the likelihood for LM loss over extended bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Gawel
- Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
| | - Gerard J Davis
- Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
| | - Menghua Luo
- Abbott Nutrition Division, Abbott Laboratories, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH 43219, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Texas A&M University, Department of Health & Kinesiology, 675 John Kimbrough Blvd, College Station, TX 77843-4253, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, UAMS Centers on Aging, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Suzette L Pereira
- Abbott Nutrition Division, Abbott Laboratories, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH 43219, USA.
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158
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Effect of Schisandra Chinensis Extract Supplementation on Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Fatigue in Adult Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072475. [PMID: 32260466 PMCID: PMC7177795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Schisandra chinensis (SC) is a well-known traditional herb used for pharmacological purposes in Asian countries (e.g., Korea, China, and Japan). In animal studies, SC extract supplementation had beneficial effects on muscle strength and lactate level. However, the effect of SC extract supplementation on skeletal muscle strength and lactate at rest in humans remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of SC extract supplementation on quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and lactate at rest in adult women. Forty five healthy post-menopausal middle-aged women (61.9 ± 8.4 years) were randomly divided into the SC (n = 24) or the placebo group (n = 21). The SC group consumed 1000 mg of SC extract per day, whereas the placebo group consumed 1000 mg of starch per day for 12 weeks. The difference in muscle mass, physical function, and biomarkers and the relative changes between baseline and 12 weeks were evaluated. We used two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine interaction (group × time) effects for variables. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05. In ANOVA results, QMS (p = 0.001) and lactate level (p = 0.038) showed significant interactions. With paired t-tests, QMS was significantly increased (p < 0.001) and lactate level at rest was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after 12 weeks in the SC group. However, no interactions were found between the other variables. Supplementation of SC extract may help to improve QMS as well as decrease lactate level at rest in adult women. We believe that SC extract is a health supplement that can support healthy life in this population.
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159
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Camacho-Cardenosa M, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Tomas-Carus P, Olcina G, Timón R, Brazo-Sayavera J. Effects of whole-body vibration under hypoxic exposure on muscle mass and functional mobility in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:625-632. [PMID: 31236796 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is accompanied by a loss of muscle mass and function, which are associated with decrease of functional capacity. Combination of WBV training with normobaric hypoxic exposure could augment the beneficial effects due to synergic effects of both treatments. AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 36 sessions of the combined WBV training and normobaric hypoxic exposure on muscle mass and functional mobility in older adults. METHODS Nineteen elderly people were randomly assigned to a: vibration normoxic exposure group (NWBV; n = 10; 20.9% FiO2) and vibration hypoxic exposure group (HWBV; n = 9). Participants developed 36 sessions of WBV training along 18 weeks, which included 4 bouts of 30 s (12.6 Hz in frequency and 4 mm in amplitude) with 60 s of rest between bouts, inside a hypoxic chamber for the HWBV. The "Timed Up and Go Test" evaluated functional mobility. Percentages of lean mass were obtained with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Neither statistically significant within group variations nor statistically significant differences between both groups were detected to any parameter. DISCUSSION Baseline characteristics of population, training protocol and the level of hypoxia employed could cause different adaptations on muscle mass and function. CONCLUSIONS The combination of WBV training and hypoxic exposure did not cause any effect on either legs lean mass or functional mobility of older adults.
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160
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Sandström L, Engström Å, Nilsson C, Juuso P, Forsberg A. Trauma patients' health-related quality of life and perceptions of care: A longitudinal study based on data from the Swedish Trauma Registry. Int Emerg Nurs 2020; 55:100850. [PMID: 32245684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sandström
- Division of Nursing, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Engström
- Division of Nursing, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Carina Nilsson
- Division of Nursing, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Päivi Juuso
- Division of Nursing, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Angelica Forsberg
- Division of Nursing, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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161
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Yamada M, Hapsari ED, Matsuo H. Behaviors toward Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and their Relationship with Physical Health Status among Community-dwelling, Middle-aged and Older women in Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072332. [PMID: 32235631 PMCID: PMC7177221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We aim to clarify the behaviors toward noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) prevention focusing on lifestyle-related diseases and physical health status and examine their relationship among community-dwelling women in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study included women aged 45 years and older. Data were collected through an interview using a structured questionnaire; the following parameters were also measured: height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), handgrip strength, and 10 m gait speed. This study found that the majority of women adopted one or more healthy behaviors to prevent NCDs, while few women practiced comprehensive behaviors. Age, satisfaction with house income, living alone, social support, social participation, and household decision making were the determinant factors for behaviors toward NCDs prevention. A high prevalence of underweight (26.4%), overweight (31.9%), obesity (5.6%), high systolic blood pressure (SBP) (62.5%), and low muscle strength (54.2%) were frequently observed. Eating well-balanced meals, avoiding fatty foods, and undergoing blood cholesterol testing had significant correlations with physical health status. It is concluded that the activities at Posyandu Lansia (health village posts for older adults) are necessary to help women with unhealthy eating behaviors and lower physical activity and unawareness of health checkups to maintain focus and to develop a more practical approach to NCDs prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Yamada
- Graduate School of Health sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 654-0142, Japan;
| | - Elsi Dwi Hapsari
- Department of Pediatric and Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Hiroya Matsuo
- Graduate School of Health sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 654-0142, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-796-4525
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162
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Centner C, Wiegel P, Gollhofer A, König D. Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2020; 49:95-108. [PMID: 30306467 PMCID: PMC6349784 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The combination of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has recently been shown to promote muscular adaptations in various populations. To date, however, evidence is sparse on how this training regimen influences muscle mass and strength in older adults. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively identify the effects of low-load BFR (LL-BFR) training on muscle mass and strength in older individuals in comparison with conventional resistance training programmes. Additionally, the effectiveness of walking with and without BFR was assessed. Methods A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The systematic literature research was performed in the following electronic databases from inception to 1 June 2018: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and CENTRAL. Subsequently, a random-effects meta-analysis with inverse variance weighting was conducted. Results A total of 2658 articles were screened, and 11 studies with a total population of N = 238 were included in the meta-analysis. Our results revealed that during both low-load training and walking, the addition of BFR elicits significantly greater improvements in muscular strength with pooled effect sizes (ES) of 2.16 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.70) and 3.09 (95% CI 2.04 to 4.14), respectively. Muscle mass was also increased when comparing walking with and without BFR [ES 1.82 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.32)]. In comparison with high-load training, LL-BFR promotes similar muscle hypertrophy [ES 0.21 (95% CI − 0.14 to 0.56)] but lower strength gains [ES − 0.42 (95% CI − 0.70 to − 0.14)]. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis reveals that LL-BFR and walking with BFR is an effective interventional approach to stimulate muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in older populations. As BFR literature is still scarce with regard to potential moderator variables (e.g. sex, cuff pressure or training volume/frequency), further research is needed for strengthening the evidence for an effective application of LL-BFR training in older people. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wiegel
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel König
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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163
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Effects of a four-exercise resistance training protocol on functional parameters in sedentary elderly women. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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164
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Cevei M, Onofrei RR, Cioara F, Stoicanescu D. Correlations between the Quality of Life Domains and Clinical Variables in Sarcopenic Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E441. [PMID: 32041186 PMCID: PMC7074486 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: both sarcopenia and osteoporosis are major health problems in postmenopausal women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) and the associated factors for sarcopenia in osteoporotic postmenopausal women, diagnosed according to EWGSOP2 criteria. (2) Methods: the study sample comprised 122 osteoporotic postmenopausal women with low hand grip strength and was divided into two groups: group 1 (probable sarcopenia) and group 2 (sarcopenia). QoL was assessed using the validated Romanian version of SarQol questionnaire. (3) Results: the D1, D4, D5, D7 and total SarQoL scores were significantly lower in women from group 2 compared to group 1. In group 2, women older than 70 years had significant lower values for D1, D3, D4, D6 and total SarQoL scores. Age, history of falls and the presence of confirmed and severe sarcopenia were predictors for overall QoL. (4) Conclusions: the frequency of sarcopenia was relatively high in our sample, with body mass index and history of falls as predictors for sarcopenia. Older osteoporotic postmenopausal women, with previous falls and an established sarcopenia diagnosis (low muscle strength and low muscle mass), were more likely to have a decreased quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cevei
- Psychoneuro Sciences and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Roxana Ramona Onofrei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Felicia Cioara
- Psychoneuro Sciences and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Dorina Stoicanescu
- Microscopic Morphology Department, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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Black M, LaCroix R, Ritchey K, Herring D, Thielke S. How to Ensure That Teaching Kitchens Are Age-Friendly. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:187-194. [PMID: 32036997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Health systems and community organizations have increasingly offered nutrition education through teaching kitchens. With an increasing number of older adults (>65 years) accessing these programs, teaching kitchens may consider age-friendly adaptations to their standard curriculum. Based on experiences with implementing Healthy Teaching Kitchens Across Veteran Affairs Health Care System, and by applying the 5M Geriatric Care Framework (Mind, Multicomplexity, Medications, Mobility, What Matters Most), several steps are proposed for teaching kitchens to be able to better accommodate older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Black
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Puget Sound Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Robin LaCroix
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
| | - Katherine Ritchey
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Puget Sound Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Puget Sound Veteran Affairs, Seattle, WA
| | - Dana Herring
- Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Stephen Thielke
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Puget Sound Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Halaweh H. Correlation between Health-Related Quality of Life and Hand Grip Strength among Older Adults. Exp Aging Res 2020; 46:178-191. [PMID: 31928183 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2020.1716157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: With advanced age, the progressive loss of muscle strength estimated by the handgrip strength (HGS) may result in a poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Studying this association becomes a vital area of research for promoting aging-well. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between HRQoL and HGS among community-dwelling older adults above 60 years old.Methods: Participants comprised of 176 older adults (mean age: 68.15 ± 6.74). The HGS was tested with Jamar® Dynamometer, and the EuroQuol-5 Dimensions 5Levels (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was used to assess HRQoL.Results: Both HGS and HRQoL were negatively correlated with age (p < .001). Lower values of HGS and HRQoL were recorded among older adults who had diagnosed with one or more chronic diseases (p < .001). Significant correlations were recorded between HGS and functioning, and subjective well-being domains of EQ-5D-5L. A relatively higher association was recorded between the functioning variables of EQ-5D-5L and HGS compared to subjective well- being variables.Conclusion: Handgrip strength is a simple and practical measure in identifying older adults at risk of physical decline. Maintaining handgrip strength may contribute to improving HRQoL, and can add an imperative dimension to promote aging-well in older adults ≥60 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Halaweh
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, State of Palestine.,Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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167
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Gaytán-González A, Ocampo-Alfaro MDJ, Torres-Naranjo F, Arroniz-Rivera M, González-Mendoza RG, Gil-Barreiro M, López-Taylor JR. The Consumption of Two or Three Meals per Day with Adequate Protein Content Is Associated with Lower Risk of Physical Disability in Mexican Adults Aged 60 Years and Older. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5010001. [PMID: 31935870 PMCID: PMC7151001 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate protein intake per day has been associated with a lower risk of physical disability; however, if adequate protein intake per meal is also associated is unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between adequate protein intake per meal and physical disability in daily living activities in Mexican adults aged ≥60 years. We assessed the number of meals per day with an adequate protein content (24 h dietary recall), the presence of physical disability in daily living activities (two validated questionnaires), and their association in 187 participants through logistic regression. Consuming two or three meals per day with ≥30 g each was associated with lower risk of physical disability on Transportation (OR [95% CI]: 0.06 [0.01–0.50], p = 0.01), Shopping (0.05 [0.01–0.40], p = 0.004), Feeding (0.06 [0.01–0.74], p = 0.028), and Transfer (0.09 [0.01–0.98], p = 0.048). On the other hand, consuming two or three meals per day with ≥0.4 g/kg each was associated with lower risk of physical disability on Shopping (0.21 [0.05–0.89], p = 0.034) and Transportation (0.12 [0.03–0.48], p = 0.003). The consumption of two or three meals per day with adequate protein content is associated with lower risk of physical disability in Mexican adults aged 60 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gaytán-González
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
- Department of Human Reproduction, Infantile Growth, and Development, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1-333-619-9708
| | - María de Jesús Ocampo-Alfaro
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Francisco Torres-Naranjo
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
- Center of Body Composition and Bone Research, Guadalajara 44600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Maritza Arroniz-Rivera
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Roberto Gabriel González-Mendoza
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
| | - Martha Gil-Barreiro
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Juan Ricardo López-Taylor
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
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168
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Müller LM, Kienitz T, Deutschbein T, Riester A, Hahner S, Burger-Stritt S, Berr CM, Oßwald A, Braun L, Rubinstein G, Reincke M, Quinkler M. Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphisms Influence Muscle Strength in Cushing's Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5587858. [PMID: 31613324 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT An important clinical feature of Cushing's syndrome (CS) is proximal muscle myopathy caused by glucocorticoid induced protein metabolism. However, interindividual differences cannot be explained solely by the pure extent of hypercortisolemia. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms (BclI, N363S, ER22/23EK and A3669G), which influence peripheral glucocorticoid sensitivity on muscular function in endogenous CS. METHODS 205 patients with proven endogenous CS (128 central, 77 adrenal) from 3 centers of the German Cushing's Registry and 125 subjects, in whom CS was ruled out, were included. All subjects were assessed for grip strength (via hand grip dynamometer) and performed a chair-rising test (CRT). DNA samples were obtained from peripheral blood leukocytes for GR genotyping. RESULTS In patients with active CS, normalized handgrip strength of the dominant and nondominant hand was higher in A3669G minor allele than in wildtype carriers (P = .006 and P = .021, respectively). CS patients in remission and ruled-out CS showed no differences in handgrip strength regarding A3669G minor allele and wildtype carriers. Male CS patients harboring the ER22/23EK wildtype presented lower hand grip strength than minor allele carriers (P = .049 dominant hand; P = .027 nondominant hand). The other polymorphisms did not influence handgrip strength. CRT showed no differences regarding GR polymorphisms carrier status. CONCLUSION Handgrip strength seems to be more susceptible to hypercortisolism in A3669G wildtype than in A3669G minor allele carriers. This might partially explain the inter-individual differences of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy in patients with endogenous CS. ER22/23EK polymorphism seems to exert sex-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Müller
- Endocrinology in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Endocrinology CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tina Kienitz
- Endocrinology in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Endocrinology CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Deutschbein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Riester
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Burger-Stritt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina M Berr
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Andrea Oßwald
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Leah Braun
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - German Rubinstein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
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169
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Pinheiro HA, Cerceau VR, Pereira LC, Funghetto SS, Menezes RLD. Nutritional intervention and functional exercises improve depression, loneliness and quality of life in elderly women with sarcopenia: a randomized clinical trial. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.033.ao32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Loneliness interferes with the eating habits and functionality of the elderly, compromising their quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of eating and performing functional group-based exercises on depressive symptoms, loneliness and quality of life in patients with sarcopenia treated at a public health service. Method: This is a randomized clinical trial with a convenience sample of elderly women with sarcopenia according to the European Work Group of Sarcopenia on Older People (EWGSOP), divided into three groups of 20 subjects each: a control group (CG), functional exercise group (FEG), monitored using the Home-based Older People’s Exercise (HOPE) program, and functional exercise and nutritional intervention group (NIG), which in addition to HOPE, received pre-training fruit juice (fast-absorbing carbohydrates) and post-training banana smoothie reinforced with peanut (leucine). These groups met twice a week for 12 weeks, the control group (CG) received health guidance at weekly meetings for 12 weeks. The results of the interventions were analyzed using the geriatric depression scale and UCLA loneliness scale, and quality of life using the EQ-5D. Results: Significant post-intervention differences were observed in the NIG group in depressive (p=0.008) and loneliness symptoms (0.04) and quality of life (0.009), demonstrating the effects of group exercise and eating as a social activity. Conclusion: Nutritional intervention and functional group-based exercises were effective at minimizing depressive symptoms, social isolation, and improving the quality of life of elderly women with sarcopenia.
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170
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FallahTafti F, Watson K, Boron JB, Myers SA, Schmid KK, Yentes JM. Strength of Plantar- and Dorsiflexors Mediates Step Regularity During a High Cognitive Load Situation in a Cross-sectional Cohort of Older and Younger Adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2019; 43:E45-E52. [PMID: 31851025 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Completing simultaneous tasks while standing or walking (ie, a high cognitive load situation [HCLS]) is inevitable in daily activities and can lead to interference in task performances. Age-related physical and cognitive changes may confound performance variability during HCLS in older and younger adults. Identification of these confounding effects may reveal therapy targets to maintain optimal physical function later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the difficulty levels of an additional motor task and restricting visual information, on gait parameters in younger and older adults while considering the effect of cognitive and physical covariates. METHODS Fifteen healthy younger and 14 healthy older adults were asked to complete assessments of cognitive function, balance, and strength. They were then asked to walk on a self-paced treadmill with or without carrying a plastic tray. Opaqueness of the tray (vision) and the presence of water in glasses placed on the tray (increasing task difficulty) were varied. Mean, standard deviation, and regularity (sample entropy) of step width and length were compared across conditions and groups using repeated-measures analyses of variance with and without covariate analysis. Only significantly correlated covariates of cognition, balance, and strength were entered into each model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Older adults had greater step width irregularity compared with younger adults across all conditions when controlling for concentric plantar- and dorsiflexion strength. A decline in strength may likely alter neuromuscular control of gait, specifically control of step width, which has been associated with fall risk in older adults. Adjusting for the same covariates revealed increased regularity of step length, as visual feedback from the feet was restricted. Specifically, step length was more regular while carrying an opaque tray compared with not carrying a tray. Visual restriction was a contributing factor, which led to more predictable gait kinematics, indicating the role of sensory information to enhance the adaptability during walking under HCLS. CONCLUSION The knowledge of the regularity behavior of human movement can expand physical therapists' treatment approaches to promote further interactivity and coordination across body systems that model behavior of healthy young individuals. Targeting strength during therapy may provide additional benefits for gait performance under HCLS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen Watson
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha
| | | | - Sara A Myers
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha
| | - Kendra K Schmid
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
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Evangelou C, Kartakoullis N, Hadjicharalambous M, Aphamis G, Hadjimarkou M, Sakkas GK, Giannaki CD. Depressive symptoms, sleep quality, physical fitness, and fatigue among adult women with different obesity status. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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172
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The impact of radiation caries in the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2977-2984. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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173
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Relationship between pre-sarcopenia and quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 31:1408-1413. [PMID: 30964810 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to clarify the relationship between pre-sarcopenia (PS) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated 335 patients with CLD. PS was diagnosed on the basis of the assessment criteria by the Japan Society of Hepatology. QOL was evaluated using the short form-36. RESULTS Patients' mean age was 69.52 ± 10.17 years, and 169 (50.4%) participants were men. The prevalence of PS was 53.7%. Patients were divided into the PS and non-pre-sarcopenia (NPS) groups. Patients in the PS group were older (71.84 ± 9.78 vs. 66.81 ± 9.97, P < 0.01) and mostly women (65.2 vs. 37.8%, P < 0.01) compared with those in the NPS group. QOL, physical function (38.30 ± 17.63 vs. 44.02 ± 14.76, P < 0.01), physical role functioning (RP) (40.63 ± 15.38 vs. 44.88 ± 13.89, P < 0.01), and bodily pain (BP) (48.42 ± 11.45 vs. 51.24 ± 10.19, P = 0.02) were significantly lower in the PS group than in the NPS group. Logistic regression analyses identified that the independent predictive factors for PS were female sex (odds ratio: 3.16, 95% confidence interval: 2.01-4.98; P < 0.01) and RP (odds ratio: 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-3.12; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION QOL characteristics of PS patients with CLD were low physical function, RP, and BP in short form-36. In addition, social role functioning was low in the PS patients aged 65-74 years, whereas RP and BP were low in those aged at least 75 years. Female sex and RP were independent predictors of PS according to the multivariate analysis. Maintaining and increasing muscle mass in patients with CLD may contribute toward improving physical QOL.
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174
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Bui KL, Maia N, Saey D, Dechman G, Maltais F, Camp PG, Mathur S. Reliability of quadriceps muscle power and explosive force, and relationship to physical function in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an observational prospective multicenter study. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 37:945-953. [PMID: 31537146 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1669233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Muscle power declines with age and is a stronger determinant of physical function than strength. Muscle power using computerized dynamometry has not been investigated in COPD.Objectives: To determine: 1) test-retest reliability of quadriceps power using a standardized protocol with computerized dynamometry; and 2) associations between quadriceps strength and power, and functional capacity.Design/Setting: Prospective observational study in four Canadian research labs.Participants: People with mild to very severe COPD.Methods: Tests were conducted on two days. Quadriceps muscle maximal strength was evaluated during a static maneuver using maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). Rate of torque development (RTD) during MVIC was used to assess explosive force. Muscle power was measured using a dynamic, isotonic protocol from which peak and average power and peak velocity were derived. Functional capacity was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurements (SEM), and Bland Altman plots. Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for associations.Results: 65 patients (age 69 ± 8 years; FEV1 48 ± 21% of predicted) were included. ICC was 0.77 for RTD and 0.87-0.98 for isotonic power measures (95%CI 0.63-0.99, p < .001); SEM < 10% for average/peak power and peak velocity, and > 30% for RTD. SPPB had moderate correlation with average power, but not with MVIC or RTD.Conclusion: The standardized isotonic protocol with computerized dynamometry was reliable in assessing quadriceps power in COPD. Our data highlights that average power correlates best with functional capacity, indicating higher relevance than static measures when investigating determinants of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Ly Bui
- Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalia Maia
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Didier Saey
- Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Gail Dechman
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pat G Camp
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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175
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Argaud S, Pairot de Fontenay B, Blache Y, Monteil K. Age-related differences of inter-joint coordination in elderly during squat jumping. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221716. [PMID: 31498811 PMCID: PMC6733476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Explosive movement requires that the individual exerts force and power with appropriate magnitude and timing. These coordination aspects have received less attention despite being a basic prerequisite for daily mobility and physical autonomy, especially in older people. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to characterize the effect of age on inter-joint coordination during explosive movement. Methods Twenty-one elderly and twenty young participants performed three maximal vertical jumps, while kinematics were recorded throughout each squat jump. Inter-joint coordination and coordination variability were calculated for selected sagittal hip-knee, knee-ankle, and hip-ankle joint couplings using the continuous relative phase method. Results The young participants produced significantly greater jump height performance (0.36 ± 0.07 m vs. 0.12 ± 0.04 m, p < 0.001). The mean absolute continuous relative phase for ankle-knee and knee-hip joint couplings were significantly greater for the elderly in comparison to the young group (p < 0.01 for the both). No significant differences between senior and young participants in the mean absolute continuous relative phase for ankle-hip joint couplings (p = 0.25) was observed. However, there was significantly more variability in inter-joint coordination in the elderly marked by greater continuous relative phase variabilities in ankle-knee, ankle-hip and knee-hip joint couplings (p < 0.001) than those observed in young adults. Conclusion In this study, seniors demonstrated proximodistal inter-joint coordination but with different delays in the pattern of inter-joint coordination during squat jumps compared to young adults. In addition, a higher continuous relative phase variability in the elderly may be needed to improve stability or compensate for strength deficits in jump achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Argaud
- Laboratoire Inter-Université de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Pairot de Fontenay
- Centre interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et en Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Institut de Réadaptation en Déficiences Physique de Québec (IRDPQ), Université de Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yoann Blache
- Laboratoire Inter-Université de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Monteil
- Laboratoire Inter-Université de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
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176
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Chun SW, Kim W, Choi KH. Comparison between grip strength and grip strength divided by body weight in their relationship with metabolic syndrome and quality of life in the elderly. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222040. [PMID: 31490975 PMCID: PMC6730916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Strength measures should be normalized by body mass; however, the definition of sarcopenia includes only simple grip strength. Thus, we compared the relationship of grip strength and grip strength divided by body weight or body mass index to two major consequences of sarcopenia, namely metabolic syndrome and poor quality of life. Data from the participants (aged 60 years or older) of the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination were analyzed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines with some modifications appropriate for Koreans. Quality of life was assessed using the EuroQoL Five-dimension questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of grip strength and grip strength divided by body weight with metabolic syndrome and quality of life. A total of 1273 men and 1436 women were included in the analyses. Grip strength was not related to metabolic syndrome, whereas grip strength divided by body weight and grip strength normalized by body mass index revealed a dense dose-response relationship. All measures showed a similar correlation with quality of life. Grip strength divided by body weight can be superior to simple grip strength and grip strength normalized by body mass index in representing the metabolic aspects of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Woong Chun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyoung Hyo Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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177
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Roh YH, Hong SW, Chung SW, Lee YS. Altered gene and protein expressions of vitamin D receptor in skeletal muscle in sarcopenic patients who sustained distal radius fractures. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:920-927. [PMID: 30790083 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-00995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the presence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in skeletal muscle cells, the relationship between VDR expressions and muscle mass or function has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to compare VDR gene and protein expression in the forearm muscle between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic individuals who have sustained distal radius fractures. Twenty samples of muscle tissue from sarcopenic patients (mean age 63.4 ± 8.1 years) and 20 age- and sex-matched control tissues (62.1 ± 7.9 years) were acquired from the edge of dissected pronator quadratus muscle during surgery for distal radius fractures. The mRNA expression levels of VDR as well as the myokines of interest that may be associated with muscle mass change (myogenin and myostatin) were analyzed with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry for VDR were performed. Sarcopenic patients showed a significantly lower level of gene expression for VDR and myogenin, but a greater level of gene expression for myostatin than the controls according to qRT-PCR analysis. The density of VDR protein expressions was 2.1 times greater, while that of myostatin was 2.6 times lower, in the control group than in the sarcopenic group according to Western blot analysis. On immunohistochemical analysis, the density of the cells expressing VDR was significantly decreased in the sarcopenic patients. Sarcopenic patients who sustained distal radius fractures presented lower vitamin D receptor gene and protein expression in skeletal muscles compared to non-sarcopenic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hak Roh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, South Korea.
| | - Seok Woo Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, South Korea
| | - Seok Won Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, South Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, South Korea
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178
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Bocarde L, Porto JM, Freire Júnior RC, Fernandes JA, Nakaishi APM, Abreu DCCD. Medo de quedas e força muscular do quadril em idosos independentes da comunidade. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/18034526032019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O medo de quedas pode fazer com que o idoso desenvolva estratégias que alteram o equilíbrio semiestático e dinâmico, predispondo-o a um risco aumentado de cair. A função muscular dos abdutores e adutores de quadril tem importante papel na manutenção da estabilidade postural. Entretanto, não se sabe se idosos com medo de cair apresentam maior comprometimento na função muscular do quadril. Assim, o objetivo foi comparar o pico de torque (PT) isométrico dos músculos abdutores e adutores de quadril entre idosos com e sem medo de quedas. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: com (n=81) e sem (n=81) medo de quedas. O PT dos abdutores e adutores de quadril foi obtido com dinamômetro isocinético (System 4 Pro, Biodex, Nova York, EUA). A comparação do PT dos grupos foi realizada por meio de modelo linear geral univariado, ajustado pelas covariáveis idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal, nível de atividade física e histórico de quedas, utilizando o software SPSS 17.0, com nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença do PT abdutor e adutor do quadril entre os grupos após análise univariada com ajustamento. Observou-se que idosos com medo de quedas não apresentam prejuízos na função muscular dos estabilizadores de quadril quando comparados a idosos sem medo de quedas.
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179
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Kisvetrová H, Školoudík D, Herzig R, Langová K, Kurková P, Tomanová J, Yamada Y. Psychometric Properties of the Czech Version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International in Patients with Early-Stage Dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2019; 9:319-329. [PMID: 31692609 PMCID: PMC6787430 DOI: 10.1159/000501676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A fear of falling marks an important psychological factor connected with a reduction in the life space of people with dementia. The Czech version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) has not been validated in patients with early-stage dementia. Methods The tests were administered to 282 patients with early-stage dementia. The test battery included the following: the FES-I, the Short Physical Performance Battery, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Bristol Activity Daily Living Scale, and the Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease Scale. Internal reliability (Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation [ICC]), Pearson's and Spearman's correlations, exploratory factor analysis, and a t test for independent samples were used for statistical analyses. Results The Czech version of the FES-I had excellent internal and test-retest reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.98, ICC = 0.90; 95′ CI 0.82–0.94). Factor analysis suggested 2 relevant factors. A significantly higher FES-I score was associated with patients with early-stage dementia who were older (p = 0.003) or female (p = 0.001), lived alone (p = 0.0001), spent >8 h a day alone (p = 0.032), used mobility aids (p < 0.0001), or had severe hearing (p = 0.004) or vision impairment (p < 0.0001) or a lower education (r = −0.16, p = 0.007). Conclusion The Czech version of the FES-I had very good reliability and validity and may be useful in future cross-cultural comparisons in research among patients with early-stage dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kisvetrová
- Centre for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - David Školoudík
- Centre for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.,Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Roman Herzig
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Langová
- Centre for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petra Kurková
- Department of Anthropology and Health Education, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jitka Tomanová
- Centre for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Yukari Yamada
- Center for Medical Education and Internationalization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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180
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, González-Hernández JM, García-Ramos A, López-Vivancos A, Jiménez-Reyes P. Movement velocity can be used to estimate the relative load during the bench press and leg press exercises in older women. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7533. [PMID: 31497399 PMCID: PMC6707344 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Movement velocity has been proposed as an effective tool to prescribe the load during resistance training in young healthy adults. This study aimed to elucidate whether movement velocity could also be used to estimate the relative load (i.e., % of the one-repetition maximum (1RM)) in older women. Methods A total of 22 older women (age = 68.2 ± 3.6 years, bench press 1RM = 22.3 ± 4.7 kg, leg press 1RM = 114.6 ± 15.9 kg) performed an incremental loading test during the free-weight bench press and the leg press exercises on two separate sessions. The mean velocity (MV) was collected with a linear position transducer. Results A strong linear relationship between MV and the relative load was observed for the bench press (%1RM = −130.4 MV + 119.3; r2 = 0.827, standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 6.10%1RM, p < 0.001) and leg press exercises (%1RM = −158.3 MV + 131.4; r2 = 0.913, SEE = 5.63%1RM, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the bench press and leg press exercises for the MV attained against light-medium relative loads (≤70%1RM), while the MV associated with heavy loads (≥80%1RM) was significantly higher for the leg press. Conclusions These results suggest that the monitoring of MV could be useful to prescribe the loads during resistance training in older women. However, it should be noted that the MV associated with a given %1RM is significantly lower in older women compared to young healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Miguel González-Hernández
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Faculty of Health Science, European University of Canarias, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
- Centre for Sports Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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181
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Ohyama S, Hoshino M, Terai H, Toyoda H, Suzuki A, Takahashi S, Hayashi K, Tamai K, Hori Y, Nakamura H. Sarcopenia is related to spinal sagittal imbalance in patients with spinopelvic mismatch. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:1929-1936. [PMID: 31317307 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the relationship between sarcopenia and spinopelvic parameters. METHODS Among outpatients of spine surgery department, 126 patients (mean age 77.2 years. M/F = 71/55) were included. We diagnosed patients with sarcopenia using the diagnostic algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Spinopelvic parameters and the prevalence of spinopelvic mismatch (pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis ≥ 10°) were investigated and compared between patients with and without sarcopenia. Furthermore, we compared the spinopelvic parameters between the Sarcopenia and No Sarcopenia groups under each condition of spinopelvic match and mismatch. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia in this study was 21.4%. Overall, the spinopelvic parameters except thoracic kyphosis (TK) (Sarcopenia: 34.7°, No Sarcopenia: 24.3°, p < 0.01) were not significantly different between the Sarcopenia and No Sarcopenia groups. Prevalence of patients with spinopelvic mismatch was also not significantly different between the Sarcopenia and No Sarcopenia groups (37.0% vs. 42.4%, p = 0.66). Among patients without spinopelvic mismatch, there was no spinopelvic parameter with a significant difference between the 2 groups. However, among patients with spinopelvic mismatch, sagittal vertebral axis (SVA) (115.7 mm vs. 58.7 mm, p < 0.01) and TK (36.6° vs. 21.3°, p < 0.01) of the Sarcopenia group were significantly larger than those of the No Sarcopenia group. Moreover, sarcopenia was independently related to a significant increase in SVA (β = 50.7, p < 0.01) and TK (β = 14.0, p < 0.01) in patients with spinopelvic mismatch, after adjustment for age. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is related to spinal sagittal imbalance because of insufficient compensation by flattening thoracic kyphosis in patients with spinopelvic mismatch. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ohyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Hoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hidetomi Terai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Toyoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akinobu Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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182
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Mehmet H, Yang AWH, Robinson SR. Measurement of hand grip strength in the elderly: A scoping review with recommendations. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 24:235-243. [PMID: 31987550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand grip strength has been widely used as a lead measure in geriatric conditions such as frailty. However, diversity in assessment protocols and methodologies creates uncertainty in the comparison of outcome measurements. The aim of this study was to review the literature relating to the measurement of hand grip strength in older adults, in order to develop further consensus in relation to the use of existing protocols in clinical and community settings, with an emphasis on practicality and suitability for frail persons. METHODS Five electronic English databases were searched using keywords such as 'hand grip strength', 'clinimetric assessment', and their synonyms. Age-related trends in adults aged ≥65 years were assessed, and comparisons were made of the following variables: dynamometer model and handle setting, hand positioning, warm-up trials, grip duration, number of repeated tests, rest periods, laterality of tested hand, and whether encouragement was given to the subjects. RESULTS Thirty-four research papers met the inclusion criteria and were included. A Jamar hand dynamometer was most frequently used. Variations were found in the positioning of the subject and in the duration of the rest period, which ranged from 10 to 20 s to 1 min. Grip strength was typically measured three times in the dominant hand, with the strongest grip being recorded and no encouragement being provided during assessment. CONCLUSIONS Based on the scoping review, we propose a detailed and standardised protocol that is suitable for the assessment of hand grip strength in frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Mehmet
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Australia
| | - Angela W H Yang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Australia
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183
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Oikawa SY, Holloway TM, Phillips SM. The Impact of Step Reduction on Muscle Health in Aging: Protein and Exercise as Countermeasures. Front Nutr 2019; 6:75. [PMID: 31179284 PMCID: PMC6543894 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in strength and muscle function with age—sarcopenia—contribute to a variety of negative outcomes including an increased risk of: falls, fractures, hospitalization, and reduced mobility in older persons. Population-based estimates of the loss of muscle after age 60 show a loss of ~1% per year while strength loss is more rapid at ~3% per year. These rates are not, however, linear as periodic bouts of reduced physical activity and muscle disuse transiently accelerate loss of muscle and declines in muscle strength and power. Episodic complete muscle disuse can be due to sickness-related bed rest or local muscle disuse as a result of limb immobilization/surgery. Alternatively, relative muscle disuse occurs during inactivity due to illness and the associated convalescence resulting in marked reductions in daily steps, often referred to as step reduction (SR). While it is a “milder” form of disuse, it can have a similar adverse impact on skeletal muscle health. The physiological consequences of even short-term inactivity, modeled by SR, show losses in muscle mass and strength, as well as impaired insulin sensitivity and an increase in systemic inflammation. Though seemingly benign in comparison to bed rest, periodic inactivity likely occurs, we posit, more frequently with advancing age due to illness, declining mental health and declining mobility. Given that recovery from inactivity in older adults is slow or possibly incomplete we hypothesize that accumulated periods of inactivity contribute to sarcopenia. Periodic activity, even in small quantities, and protein supplementation may serve as effective strategies to offset the loss of muscle mass with aging, specifically during periods of inactivity. The aim of this review is to examine the recent literature encompassing SR, as a model of inactivity, and to explore the capacity of nutrition and exercise interventions to mitigate adverse physiological changes as a result of SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y Oikawa
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya M Holloway
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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184
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Bonnet N, Bourgoin L, Biver E, Douni E, Ferrari S. RANKL inhibition improves muscle strength and insulin sensitivity and restores bone mass. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3214-3223. [PMID: 31120440 PMCID: PMC6668701 DOI: 10.1172/jci125915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of Nfkb ligand (RANKL) activates, while osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits, osteoclastogenesis. In turn a neutralizing Ab against RANKL, denosumab improves bone strength in osteoporosis. OPG also improves muscle strength in mouse models of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (mdx) and denervation-induce atrophy, but its role and mechanisms of action on muscle weakness in other conditions remains to be investigated. We investigated the effects of RANKL inhibitors on muscle in osteoporotic women and mice that either overexpress RANKL (HuRANKL-Tg+), or lack Pparb and concomitantly develop sarcopenia (Pparb-/-). In women, denosumab over 3 years improved appendicular lean mass and handgrip strength compared to no treatment, whereas bisphosphonate did not. HuRANKL-Tg+ mice displayed lower limb force and maximal speed, while their leg muscle mass was diminished, with a lower number of type I and II fibers. Both OPG and denosumab increased limb force proportionally to the increase in muscle mass. They markedly improved muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and decrease anti-myogenic and inflammatory gene expression in muscle, such as myostatin and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-γ. Similarly, in Pparb-/-, OPG increased muscle volume and force, while also normalizing their insulin signaling and higher expression of inflammatory genes in skeletal muscle. In conclusions, RANKL deteriorates, while its inhibitor improves, muscle strength and insulin sensitivity in osteoporotic mice and humans. Hence denosumab could represent a novel therapeutic approach for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Bourgoin
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Douni
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming,” Athens, Greece
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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185
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Lee S, Lee C, Ory MG, Won J, Towne SD, Wang S, Forjuoh SN. Fear of Outdoor Falling Among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Role of Neighborhood Environments. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2019; 58:1065-1074. [PMID: 28958081 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Fear of falling is a substantial barrier to walking and has been associated with increased fall risks. This study examines neighborhood environmental risk factors related to fear of outdoor falling in middle-aged and older adults. Research Design and Methods A total of 394 participants aged 50 years or older living independently in the community were recruited between 2013 and 2014 from an integrated health care network serving Central Texas. Fear of outdoor falling and perceived neighborhood environmental variables were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Logistic regression identified perceived neighborhood environmental variables associated with fear of outdoor falling. Results Sixty-nine (17.9%) of 385 participants reported having a fear of outdoor falling. Compared to those who did not report a fear of outdoor falling, those who reported having a fear of outdoor falling were more likely to be adults aged 65 years or older (odds ratio [OR] = 2.974, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.247-7.094), be female (OR = 4.423, 95% CI = 1.830-10.689), have difficulty with walking for a quarter of a mile (OR = 2.761, 95% CI = 1.124-6.782), and have had a fall in the past year (OR = 4.720, 95% CI = 1.472-15.137). Among the neighborhood environmental characteristics examined, low traffic speed on streets (OR = 0.420, 95% CI = 0.188-0.935), drainage ditches (OR = 2.383, 95% CI = 1.136-5.000), and broken sidewalks (OR = 3.800, 95% CI = 1.742-8.288) were associated with the odds of having a fear of outdoor falling. Discussion and Implications In addition to the individual factors, findings from this study suggest the importance of addressing the environmental risk factors in identifying and reducing fear of outdoor falling among middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Chanam Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Marcia G Ory
- Department of Health Promotion & Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station
| | - Jaewoong Won
- Department of Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Samuel D Towne
- Department of Health Promotion & Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station
| | - Suojin Wang
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Samuel N Forjuoh
- Department of Health Promotion & Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station.,Department of Family & Community Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple
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186
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Tufano JJ. Assisted jumping: A possible method of incorporating high-velocity exercise in older populations. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:131-134. [PMID: 31010489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past, older adults were traditionally deemed too weak or fragile to participate in high-intensity exercise, but more recent research indicates that not only is high-intensity exercise not dangerous in this population, but it may in fact be a preferable form of exercise over other, less-intense alternatives. However, many seniors still do not participate in high-intensity exercise despite the mounting evidence that it can improve a number of physiological functions and ultimately increase quality of life. As health, sport, and medical professionals, we must continuously ask ourselves how we can apply our lab-based findings in real-life scenarios, and in the case of older adults, we must find a way to circumvent some of their most common reasons for not exercising, which can include a lack of time, a lack of know-how, a lack of motivation, a fear that high-intensity exercise is unsafe, and a perception that high-intensity exercise is too difficult. Therefore, introducing quick, simple, safe, and perceptually easy exercises may result in immediate health and functional benefits and may serve as a gateway exercise to usher older adults into the realm of high-intensity training. Specifically, assisted jumping could serve this purpose. In this article, the ideas behind the theory and practice of assisted jumping are set forth, providing an evidence-based hypothesis from which future researchers can build on to implement high-speed, high-power, high-intensity exercise in older populations in both research and practical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Tufano
- The Strength and Conditioning Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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187
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Physical fitness of women over 50 years of age and self-esteem quality of life and health. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Study aim: The aim of this study was to examine whether in women over 50 years of age the rate of decline in physical fitness with age affects the self-assessment of health and quality of life.
Material and methods: The survey was conducted among 113 women, aged 50–70. The women were divided into two groups: of low and high assessment of their own health and quality of life (WHOQOL-bref). The strength of the dominant hand muscles was tested and the Senior Functional Fitness Test was performed [21]. Linear regression analysis was used in the studies.
Results: Women satisfied with their health and quality of life were characterized by alower rate of decline in physical fitness after the age of 50, in particular the strength of the dominant hand muscles, aerobic capacity, upper body flexibility, and speed and coordination, than the dissatisfied or undecided women.
Conclusions: Physical fitness of women is important in assessing one’s own health and quality of life.
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188
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Sharp MH, Stefan MW, Lowery RP, Wilson JM. Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Responses Between Standard Whey Protein Isolate and Whey Protein Isolate Plus Novel Technology. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819827970. [PMID: 30886523 PMCID: PMC6415483 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819827970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle mass is an important determinant of metabolic health and physical function. It has previously been demonstrated that the postprandial rise in circulating essential amino acids (EAA) acts as the main stimulus for muscle protein synthesis (MPS). This study investigated postprandial plasma amino acid (AA) responses of 2 different forms of whey protein isolate (WPI) with iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous profiles to investigate plasma concentrations of EAA. METHODS In all, 12 healthy men (n = 12) between 19 and 32 years of age were recruited for a randomized, cross-over design, which involved consumption of protein supplements on 2 testing days separated by a 6-day washout period between conditions. On each testing day, subjects consumed either 29.6 g of WPI or WPI + io (whey protein isolate plus Ingredient Optimized Protein®) mixed with 236 mL of water. Plasma EAA and branch chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations were assessed from whole body donated by subjects at pre-consumption and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes post consumption. RESULTS Plasma levels of total EAA concentration was significantly greater in WPI + io at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post consumption (P < .01, P < .001, P < .01, and P < .01, respectively). Plasma levels of total BCAA concentration was significantly greater in WPI + io at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post consumption (P < .01, P < .001, P < .01, and P < .05, respectively) compared with WPI. For leucine, only WPI + io had elevated levels compared with pre-test at 90 minutes post consumption (P < .001). DISCUSSION Both conditions significantly elevated EAA, BCAA, and leucine from basal levels. However, we conclude that the consumption of the treated WPI significantly raises plasma EAA, BCAA, and leucine to a greater extent compared with WPI with no treatment. Thus, supplementation with WPI that has undergone Ingredient Optimized® technology may be highly beneficial for those who partake in regular exercise, elderly individuals, or those affected by a reduced sensitivity to amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Sharp
- Applied Science & Performance Institute, Department of Research, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew W Stefan
- Applied Science & Performance Institute, Department of Research, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ryan P Lowery
- Applied Science & Performance Institute, Department of Research, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jacob M Wilson
- Applied Science & Performance Institute, Department of Research, Tampa, FL, USA
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Fortunato AR, Hauser E, Capeletto E, Petreça DR, Faleiro DJA, Mazo GZ. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW CONCERN ABOUT FALLING IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE OLDER PEOPLE. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192501189996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Fear of falling is one of the main consequences of falls in the elderly; therefore, it is important to investigate the factors associated with the reduction of this fear. Objective: The objective of this study consisted of verifying the associated factors that best explain the low concern about falling in physically active older people. Methods: A total of 162 elderly people with a mean age of 69.95 (SD = 6.69) participated in the study. The diagnostic data sheet, the Falls Efficacy Scale-International, the Senior Fitness Test and anthropometric measurements were used to obtain data. Binary Logistic Regression was used in the data analysis to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The p <0.05 Omnibus Test was used to assess the quality of the adjusted model, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was applied to verify the explanatory power of the model. Results: In the crude analysis, normal weight elderly subjects (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.32-6.20) with good levels of lower limb strength (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.38-5.06), are more likely to have low fear of falling. In the adjusted analysis, the model was able to explain 75% of endpoint occurrence. Conclusion: It is concluded that among the variables analyzed, age, BMI and lower limb strength best explain the low concern about falling in the elderly. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference “gold” standard.
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190
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Choi NG, Bruce ML, DiNitto DM, Marti CN, Kunik ME. Fall Worry Restricts Social Engagement in Older Adults. J Aging Health 2019; 32:422-431. [PMID: 30698470 DOI: 10.1177/0898264319825586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between (a) activity-limiting fall worry (ALW) and (b) self-reported health-related restrictions and social engagement among older adults. Method: The National Health and Aging Trends Study Waves 5 (T1) and 6 (T2) provided data (n = 6,279). Binary and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine association of T2 social engagement restrictions with T2 fall worry and association of T1-T2 changes in social engagement restrictions with T1-T2 changes in fall worry. Results: ALW was significantly associated with both informal and formal social engagement restriction at T2. Onset of ALW and continued ALW between T1 and T2 were also significantly associated with newly reported restrictions in both informal and formal social engagement at T2 even controlling for falls incidents and changes in health status and other covariates. Discussion: The findings underscore the importance of reducing fall worry and preventing social disengagement in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha L Bruce
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Mark E Kunik
- Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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191
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Balogun S, Winzenberg T, Wills K, Scott D, Jones G, Callisaya ML, Aitken D. Prospective associations of low muscle mass and strength with health-related quality of life over 10-year in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2019; 118:65-71. [PMID: 30641106 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to describe the associations of low muscle mass, handgrip (HGS) and lower-limb muscle strength (LMS) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over 10 years in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Participants (N = 1002; 51% women; mean age 63 ± 7.4 years) were prospectively followed for 10 years. HRQoL was measured using the validated assessment of quality of life (AQoL) instrument. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and normalized to body mass index (BMI). HGS and LMS were assessed using dynamometers. Low ALM/BMI (ALM/BMILOW), LMS (LMSLOW) and HGS (HGSLOW) at baseline were defined as the lowest 20% of the sex-specific distribution for each measure. Linear mixed effect regression models, adjusting for confounders, were used to estimate the association between ALM/BMILOW, LMSLOW, and HGSLOW at baseline and HRQoL over 10 years. RESULTS Participants with LMSLOW (β = -0.061, 95% CI: -0.089, -0.033) and women (β = -0.089, 95% CI: -0.129, -0.049) but not men (β = -0.023, 95% CI: -0.064, 0.019) with HGSLOW had clinically meaningful reductions in HRQoL over 10 years compared to those with normal strength. There was a weaker but statistically significant association between ALM/BMILOW and 10-year HRQoL (β = -0.038, 95% CI: -0.068, -0.008). CONCLUSIONS Lower-limb muscle strength and handgrip strength (in women only), which can be easily measured in clinical practice, appear more important than muscle mass for HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliu Balogun
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Tania Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Karen Wills
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - David Scott
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne Medical School (Western Campus), The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia.
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Michele L Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Dawn Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.
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192
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Marques LP, Confortin SC, Ono LM, Barbosa AR, d'Orsi E. Quality of life associated with handgrip strength and sarcopenia: EpiFloripa Aging Study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 81:234-239. [PMID: 30654181 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) is an important measure, and it can be defined as the presence of control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure. This study aims to verify the association between handgrip strength (HGS), sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with quality of life (QoL) among community-dwelling older adults in southern Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses data of the "EpiFloripa Aging" cohort study were carried out. The participants were community-dwelling older adults (60 years and over). QoL was evaluated by CASP-16 Brazil instrument, with a score of zero, representing no QoL, to 48, total satisfaction. The TAKEI hand dynamometer verified the HGS. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight <2 standard deviations below gender-specific means for young adults. Sarcopenic obesity was identified as the concomitant presence of obesity and sarcopenia. Multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the associations. RESULTS The analytical sample consisted of 584 older adults (652% females). In the adjusted analysis, at each increase of one kgf in HGS there was a 0.24 and 0.18 increase in the QoL score, for females and males, respectively. Sarcopenia was negatively associated with QoL in males, and sarcopenic obesity wasn't associated with QoL. CONCLUSION QoL was positively associated with HGS for both sexes, and negatively associated with sarcopenia for males. Low HGS, as well as sarcopenia, lead to critical health losses. Interventions that minimize phenotypes related to these conditions are fundamental, but mainly, conditions as severe as these need to be early identified to reduce the impact on QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pruner Marques
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, s/n, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Departamento de Saúde Pública, Campus Universitário-Trindade, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Susana Cararo Confortin
- Post-Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, s/n, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem, Campus Universitário-Trindade, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Lariane Mortean Ono
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Prof. Maria Flora Pausewang, s/n, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Hospital Universitário, Campus Universitário-Trindade, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Aline Rodrigues Barbosa
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Campus Universitário-Trindade, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Eleonora d'Orsi
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, s/n, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Departamento de Saúde Pública, Campus Universitário-Trindade, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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193
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Vetrovsky T, Steffl M, Stastny P, Tufano JJ. The Efficacy and Safety of Lower-Limb Plyometric Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2019; 49:113-131. [PMID: 30387072 PMCID: PMC6349785 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-1018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging process is associated with a progressive decline of neuromuscular function, increased risk of falls and fractures, impaired functional performance, and loss of independence. Plyometric training may mitigate or even reverse such age-related deterioration; however, little research on the effects of plyometric exercises has been performed in older adults. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of plyometric training in older adults. METHODS Papers reporting on randomized trials of plyometric training in older adults (≥ 60 years) and published up to December 2017 were sought in the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and EMBASE databases, and their methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A narrative synthesis of the findings is presented in this systematic review. RESULTS Of the 2236 identified papers, 18 were included in the review, reporting on 12 different studies with a mean PEDro score of 6.0 (range 4-7). Altogether, 289 subjects (176 females and 113 males) were included in 15 intervention groups with plyometric components (n = 8-36 per group); their mean age ranged from 58.4 to 79.4 years. The plyometric training lasted from 4 weeks to 12 months. Muscular strength, bone health, body composition, postural stability, and jump and physical performance were the most often reported outcomes. No study reported increased occurrence of injuries or other adverse events related to plyometric exercises. CONCLUSION Plyometric training is a feasible and safe training option with potential for improving various performance, functional, and health-related outcomes in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vetrovsky
- The Strength and Conditioning Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 269/31, 162 52, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Steffl
- The Strength and Conditioning Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 269/31, 162 52, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 269/31, 162 52, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - James J Tufano
- The Strength and Conditioning Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Jose Martiho 269/31, 162 52, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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194
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Krok-Schoen JL, Archdeacon Price A, Luo M, Kelly OJ, Taylor CA. Low Dietary Protein Intakes and Associated Dietary Patterns and Functional Limitations in an Aging Population: A NHANES analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:338-347. [PMID: 30932132 PMCID: PMC6507527 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate protein intakes across demographic characteristics in relation to dietary patterns and functional outcomes in older adults. DESIGN Observational and cross-sectional study. SETTING Non-institutionalized participants from the 2005-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS Data from 11,680 adults were categorized into 51-60 years (n= 4,016), 61-70 years (n=3,854), and 71 years and older (n=3,810) for analysis. MEASUREMENTS Adults were stratified by meeting or not meeting the protein recommendation (0.8 g/kg/d) to compare demographics, diet quality with Healthy Eating Index-2015, functional limitations, and other dietary intakes. Dietary recalls were collected using the multiple pass method. Data analyses were weighted to create a nationally-representative sample. RESULTS Dietary protein intakes were significantly lower in older age groups, with up to 46% of the oldest adults not meeting the protein intake recommendation. Participants consuming protein below the recommended intake level had significantly poorer diet quality across all age groups (P<0.01), however, overall diet quality was better in older adults. Those not meeting the protein recommendation were more likely to have intakes of other nutrients below recommended levels. Those below the protein recommendation had significantly more functional limitations across all age groups, while grip strength was significantly lower in those over 70 years old. CONCLUSION Lower protein intakes, and lower diet quality and physical functioning are related in an aging population. Meeting the protein recommendation was linked to better overall diet quality and may be protective of lean mass; therefore, evaluation of individual characteristics which may affect protein intakes is crucial in supporting older adults to meet their protein needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Krok-Schoen
- Christopher Alan Taylor, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA,
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195
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shiun Chang
- Department of Community and Health System, Indiana University School of Nursing, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tish Knobf
- Nursing and Acute Care/Health Systems Division Chair, Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA
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196
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Minimal dose resistance training with elastic tubes promotes functional and cardiovascular benefits to older women. Exp Gerontol 2019; 115:132-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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197
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The contribution of the instrumented Timed-Up-and-Go test to detect falls and fear of falling in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 27:226-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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198
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Pötzelsberger B, Kösters A, Finkenzeller T, Müller E. Effect of aging on muscle and tendon properties in highly functioning elderly people. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29 Suppl 1:35-43. [PMID: 30570175 PMCID: PMC6850356 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes long-term changes in muscle strength, muscle architecture, and patellar tendon mechanical properties in a specific sample of physically active elderly people. Twenty-two participants were re-examined from a former 12-week-long skiing intervention study: 11 from the intervention group (IG: 7 ♀, 4 ♂; 67 ± 3 years) and 11 from the control group (CG: 6 ♀, 5 ♂; 66 ± 4 years). Muscle architecture, strength endurance, maximum torque, and tendon properties were analyzed three times within 6 months, and again 6 years later in a follow-up test. No changes in either group could be observed between June 2009 and April 2015 in any parameter. This can be interpreted positively because no age-related decreases were found. Although our participants were physically active from the very beginning (>150 min/wk), it must be noted that the intensity of the physical activity was too low to provoke physiological improvements in leg strength or muscle/tendon morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Pötzelsberger
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Kösters
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Finkenzeller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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199
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Xu HQ, Shi JP, Shen C, Liu Y, Liu JM, Zheng XY. Sarcopenia-related features and factors associated with low muscle mass, weak muscle strength, and reduced function in Chinese rural residents: a cross-sectional study. Arch Osteoporos 2018; 14:2. [PMID: 30560296 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-018-0545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Muscle strength and function declined more than the concomitant loss of muscle mass. Measures of muscle strength and function are an effective way to assess functional ability and physical health in older people. A healthy lifestyle such as physical exercise, good nutrition, and higher BMI can benefit older people. INTRODUCTION The study investigated the characteristics of aging-related differences in appendicular lean mass (ALM/Ht2), handgrip strength (HGS), usual gait speed (UGS), repeated chair stands (RCS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and their associated factors in 6703 rural residents. METHODS We assessed their anthropometry, body composition, muscle strength and function, bone mineral density, blood pressure, and blood biochemical indices via clinical examination or laboratory tests and investigated demographic characteristics, lifestyle, medical history, physical activity, and dietary intake via questionnaire. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors of low muscle mass, weak muscle strength, reduced physical performance, and sarcopenia. RESULTS The mean values of muscle strength and function decreased more rapidly with age than the mean values of muscle mass, especially in females. The prevalence of low ALM/Ht2, weak HGS, slow UGS, long RCS, long TUG, and sarcopenia increased (P < 0.01). Higher body mass index (BMI) and daytime sleep were associated with high ALM/Ht2. Comorbidity factors such as hypertension, bone mineral density loss, central adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and tumors were associated with the risk of weak muscle strength and reduced physical performance, while physical activity and better nutrition were associated with better muscle strength and physical performance. CONCLUSIONS At the higher decades of life, the decline of muscle strength and function is greater than the loss in muscle mass. Measures of muscle strength and function are an effective way to assess functional ability and physical health in older people. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by means such as physical exercise, good nutrition, and higher BMI throughout the course of life may be benefit older people by improving their muscle mass, strength, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qi Xu
- Research Center of Sports and Health Science, School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Peng Shi
- Research Center of Sports and Health Science, School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jurong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Min Liu
- Research Center of Sports and Health Science, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, No.1 Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiu-Yuan Zheng
- Research Center of Sports and Health Science, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, No.1 Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
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200
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Prado CM, Purcell SA, Alish C, Pereira SL, Deutz NE, Heyland DK, Goodpaster BH, Tappenden KA, Heymsfield SB. Implications of low muscle mass across the continuum of care: a narrative review. Ann Med 2018; 50:675-693. [PMID: 30169116 PMCID: PMC6370503 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1511918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in body composition can occur at any body weight. Low muscle mass is a predictor of poor morbidity and mortality and occurs in several populations. This narrative review provides an overview of the importance of low muscle mass on health outcomes for patients in inpatient, outpatient and long-term care clinical settings. A one-year glimpse at publications that showcases the rapidly growing research of body composition in clinical settings is included. Low muscle mass is associated with outcomes such as higher surgical and post-operative complications, longer length of hospital stay, lower physical function, poorer quality of life and shorter survival. As such, the potential clinical benefits of preventing and reversing this condition are likely to impact patient outcomes and resource utilization/health care costs. Clinically viable tools to measure body composition are needed for routine screening and intervention. Future research studies should elucidate the effectiveness of multimodal interventions to counteract low muscle mass for optimal patient outcomes across the healthcare continuum. Key messages Low muscle mass is associated with several negative outcomes across the healthcare continuum. Techniques to identify and counteract low muscle mass in clinical settings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah A. Purcell
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn Alish
- Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories. Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nicolaas E. Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University. College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daren K. Heyland
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute. Orlando, Florida 32804, USA
| | - Kelly A. Tappenden
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Urbana, Illionois, USA
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