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Faulkner JW, Wilshire CE. Mapping eloquent cortex: A voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping study of core speech production capacities in brain tumour patients. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2020; 200:104710. [PMID: 31739187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping to examine the cortical and white matter regions associated with language production impairments in a sample of 63 preoperative tumour patients. We identified four cognitive functions considered crucial for spoken language production: semantic-to-lexical mapping (selecting the appropriate lexical label for the intended concept); phonological encoding (retrieving the word's phonological form); articulatory-motor planning (programming the articulatory motor movements); and goal-driven language selection (exerting top-down control over the words selected for production). Each participant received a score estimating their competence on each function. We then mapped the region(s) where pathology was significantly associated with low scores. For semantic-to-lexical mapping, the critical map encompassed portions of the left posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, extending into posterior fusiform gyrus, overlapping substantially with the territory of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. For phonological encoding, the map encompassed the left inferior parietal lobe and posterior middle temporal gyrus, overlapping with the territory of the inferior longitudinal and posterior arcuate fasciculi. For articulatory-motor planning, the map encompassed parts of the left frontal pole, frontal operculum, and inferior frontal gyrus, and overlapped with the territory of the frontal aslant tract. Finally, the map for goal-driven language selection encompassed the left frontal pole and the anterior cingulate cortex. We compare our findings with those from other neuropsychological samples, and conclude that the study of tumour patients offers evidence that complements that available from other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh W Faulkner
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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152
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Large scale networks for human hand-object interaction: Functionally distinct roles for two premotor regions identified intraoperatively. Neuroimage 2020; 204:116215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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153
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Right-hemispheric Dominance in Self-body Recognition is Altered in Left-handed Individuals. Neuroscience 2020; 425:68-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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154
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Coran M, Rodriguez-Fornells A, Ramos-Escobar N, Laine M, Martin N. WORD LEARNING IN APHASIA: TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS AND STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY ANALYSES. TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS 2020; 40:81-109. [PMID: 33442075 PMCID: PMC7802821 DOI: 10.1097/tld.0000000000000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Of current interest in aphasia research is the relevance of what we can learn from studying word learning ability in aphasia. In a preliminary study, we addressed two issues related to the novel word learning ability of individuals with aphasia. First, as word learning engages large-scale cognitive-linguistic systems (language skills, verbal short-term memory (STM), other memory and executive functions), we probed whether novel word learning practice in three people with aphasia could stimulate these language-related systems. Second, as lesion correlates affecting word learning in aphasia remain unclear, we examined whether the structural integrity of the left arcuate fasciculus (AF) in the same three individuals is related to outcomes of novel word learning practice. METHOD To stimulate word learning systems, our three participants practiced for 4 weeks with an explicit novel word - novel referent word learning task, adopted from the Ancient Farming Equipment learning paradigm (Laine & Salmelin, 2010). The participants' progress on receptive and expressive novel word learning was followed up, and their language and verbal STM abilities as well as single-session novel word learning (Learning to Name Aliens by Gupta, Martin, Abbs, Schwartz & Lipinski, 2006) were tested before and after the practice period. To address the second question, we analyzed the participants' structural MRI scans with respect to the integrity of the left AF and its overlap with the lesion areas. RESULTS All participants showed some receptive word learning in the trained task, as well as improvements in verbal STM span at posttest. Two of the three participants also showed improved performance on some of the language outcome measures. One participant with partially spared left AF, especially temporo-parietal connections, exhibited better word learning performance than the other two who had larger damage and disconnection of the AF. CONCLUSIONS While the present results are preliminary, they open the possibility that novel word learning practice in aphasia may stimulate remaining word learning mechanisms in aphasia, and thereby influence language and verbal STM abilities. These results also suggest that preservation of novel word learning ability in aphasia in part depends on the integrity of the left arcuate track.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ramos-Escobar
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matti Laine
- Institució catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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155
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Hutton JS, Dudley J, Horowitz-Kraus T, DeWitt T, Holland SK. Associations Between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:e193869. [PMID: 31682712 PMCID: PMC6830442 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends limits on screen-based media use, citing its cognitive-behavioral risks. Screen use by young children is prevalent and increasing, although its implications for brain development are unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between screen-based media use and integrity of brain white matter tracts supporting language and literacy skills in preschool-aged children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study of healthy children aged 3 to 5 years (n = 47) was conducted from August 2017 to November 2018. Participants were recruited at a US children's hospital and community primary care clinics. EXPOSURES Children completed cognitive testing followed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and their parent completed a ScreenQ survey. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES ScreenQ is a 15-item measure of screen-based media use reflecting the domains in the AAP recommendations: access to screens, frequency of use, content viewed, and coviewing. Higher scores reflect greater use. ScreenQ scores were applied as the independent variable in 3 multiple linear regression models, with scores in 3 standardized assessments as the dependent variable, controlling for child age and household income: Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Second Edition (CTOPP-2; Rapid Object Naming subtest); Expressive Vocabulary Test, Second Edition (EVT-2; expressive language); and Get Ready to Read! (GRTR; emergent literacy skills). The DTI measures included fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD), which estimated microstructural organization and myelination of white matter tracts. ScreenQ was applied as a factor associated with FA and RD in whole-brain regression analyses, which were then narrowed to 3 left-sided tracts supporting language and emergent literacy abilities. RESULTS Of the 69 children recruited, 47 (among whom 27 [57%] were girls, and the mean [SD] age was 54.3 [7.5] months) completed DTI. Mean (SD; range) ScreenQ score was 8.6 (4.8; 1-19) points. Mean (SD; range) CTOPP-2 score was 9.4 (3.3; 2-15) points, EVT-2 score was 113.1 (16.6; 88-144) points, and GRTR score was 19.0 (5.9; 5-25) points. ScreenQ scores were negatively correlated with EVT-2 (F2,43 = 5.14; R2 = 0.19; P < .01), CTOPP-2 (F2,35 = 6.64; R2 = 0.28; P < .01), and GRTR (F2,44 = 17.08; R2 = 0.44; P < .01) scores, controlling for child age. Higher ScreenQ scores were correlated with lower FA and higher RD in tracts involved with language, executive function, and emergent literacy abilities (P < .05, familywise error-corrected), controlling for child age and household income. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found an association between increased screen-based media use, compared with the AAP guidelines, and lower microstructural integrity of brain white matter tracts supporting language and emergent literacy skills in prekindergarten children. The findings suggest further study is needed, particularly during the rapid early stages of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Hutton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,Educational Neuroimaging Center, Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel
| | - Tom DeWitt
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,Medpace Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio
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156
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Regions of white matter abnormalities in the arcuate fasciculus in veterans with anger and aggression problems. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 225:1401-1411. [PMID: 31883025 PMCID: PMC7271041 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-02016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aggression after military deployment is a common occurrence in veterans. Neurobiological research has shown that aggression is associated with a dysfunction in a network connecting brain regions implicated in threat processing and emotion regulation. However, aggression may also be related to deficits in networks underlying communication and social cognition. The uncinate and arcuate fasciculi are integral to these networks, thus studying potential abnormalities in these white matter connections can further our understanding of anger and aggression problems in military veterans. Here, we use diffusion tensor imaging tractography to investigate white matter microstructural properties of the uncinate fasciculus and the arcuate fasciculus in veterans with and without anger and aggression problems. A control tract, the parahippocampal cingulum was also included in the analyses. More specifically, fractional anisotropy (FA) estimates are derived along the trajectory from all fiber pathways and compared between both groups. No between-group FA differences are observed for the uncinate fasciculus and the cingulum, however parts of the arcuate fasciculus show a significantly lower FA in the group of veterans with aggression and anger problems. Our data suggest that abnormalities in arcuate fasciculus white matter connectivity that are related to self-regulation may play an important role in the etiology of anger and aggression in military veterans.
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157
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Martín-Signes M, Paz-Alonso PM, Chica AB. Connectivity of Frontoparietal Regions Reveals Executive Attention and Consciousness Interactions. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4539-4550. [PMID: 30590403 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The executive control network is involved in the voluntary control of novel and complex situations. Solving conflict situations or detecting errors have demonstrated to impair conscious perception of near-threshold stimuli. The aim of this study was to explore the neural mechanisms underlying executive control and its interaction with conscious perception using functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging. To this end, we used a dual-task paradigm involving Stroop and conscious detection tasks with near-threshold stimuli. A set of prefrontal and frontoparietal regions were more strongly engaged for incongruent than congruent trials while a distributed set of frontoparietal regions showed stronger activation for consciously than nonconsciously perceived trials. Functional connectivity analysis revealed an interaction between executive control and conscious perception in frontal and parietal nodes. The microstructural properties of the middle branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus were associated with neural measures of the interaction between executive control and consciousness. These results demonstrate that conscious perception and executive control share neural resources in frontoparietal networks, as proposed by some influential models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Martín-Signes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ana B Chica
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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158
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Schurr R, Zelman A, Mezer AA. Subdividing the superior longitudinal fasciculus using local quantitative MRI. Neuroimage 2019; 208:116439. [PMID: 31821870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The association fibers of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) connect parietal and frontal cortical regions in the human brain. The SLF comprises of three distinct sub-bundles, each presenting a different anatomical trajectory, and specific functional roles. Nevertheless, in vivo studies of the SLF often consider the entire SLF complex as a single entity. In this work, we suggest a data-driven approach that relies on microstructure measurements for separating SLF-III from the rest of the SLF. We apply the SLF-III separation procedure in three independent datasets using parameters of diffusion MRI (fractional anisotropy), as well as relaxometry-based parameters (T1, T2, T2* and T2-weighted/T1-weighted). We show that the proposed procedure is reproducible across datasets and tractography algorithms. Finally, we suggest that differential crossing with different white-matter tracts is the source of the distinct MRI signatures of SLF-II and SLF-III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roey Schurr
- Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ady Zelman
- Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviv A Mezer
- Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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159
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Structural and functional brain correlates of theory of mind impairment post-stroke. Cortex 2019; 121:427-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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160
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van Dokkum LEH, Moritz Gasser S, Deverdun J, Herbet G, Mura T, D'Agata B, Picot MC, Menjot de Champfleur N, Duffau H, Molino F, le Bars E. Resting state network plasticity related to picture naming in low-grade glioma patients before and after resection. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:102010. [PMID: 31734532 PMCID: PMC6861733 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Patients post DLGG surgery use attentional resources to compensate deficit. Functional plasticity occurs at secondary regions at distance from the lesion. Picture naming requires the integration of multiple resting-state networks. The right hemisphere plays also an important role in language processing. A whole brain approach with clinical input in case of lesion is the way forward.
The dynamic connectome perspective states that brain functions arise from the functional integration of distributed and/or partly overlapping networks. Diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG) have a slow infiltrating character. Here we addressed whether and how anatomical disconnection following DLGG growth and resection might interfere with functional resting-state connectivity, specifically in relation to picture naming. Thirty-nine native French persons with a left DLGG were included. All underwent awake surgical resection of the tumor using direct brain electrostimulation to preserve critical eloquent regions. The anatomical disconnectivity risk following the DLGG volume and the resection, and the functional connectivity of resting-state fMRI images in relation to picture naming were evaluated prior to and three months after surgery. Resting-state connectivity patterns were compared with nineteen healthy controls. It was demonstrated that picture naming was strongly dependent on the semantic network that emerged from the integration and interaction of regions within multiple resting-state brain networks, in which their specific role could be explained in the light of the broader resting-state network they take part in. It emphasized the importance of a whole brain approach with specific clinical data input, during resting-state analysis in case of lesion. Adaptive plasticity was found in secondary regions, functionally connected to regions close to the tumor and/or cavity, marked by an increased connectivity of the right and left inferior parietal lobule with the left inferior temporal gyrus. In addition, an important role was identified for the superior parietal lobe, connected with the frontal operculum, suggesting functional compensation by means of attentional resources in order to name a picture via recruitment of the frontoparietal attention network.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E H van Dokkum
- I2FH, Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionelle Humaine, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, 80 av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France; Neuroradiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, France.
| | - S Moritz Gasser
- Neurosurgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, France; Team 'Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors', INSERM U1051, Institute of Neuroscience Montpellier, France
| | - J Deverdun
- I2FH, Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionelle Humaine, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, 80 av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France; Neuroradiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, France
| | - G Herbet
- Neurosurgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, France; Team 'Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors', INSERM U1051, Institute of Neuroscience Montpellier, France
| | - T Mura
- Epidemiology Department, Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM-CIC 1411, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - B D'Agata
- Epidemiology Department, Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM-CIC 1411, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - M C Picot
- Epidemiology Department, Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM-CIC 1411, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - N Menjot de Champfleur
- I2FH, Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionelle Humaine, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, 80 av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France; Neuroradiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, France; Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Montpellier University, France
| | - H Duffau
- Neurosurgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, France; Team 'Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors', INSERM U1051, Institute of Neuroscience Montpellier, France
| | - F Molino
- I2FH, Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionelle Humaine, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, 80 av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France; Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Montpellier University, France
| | - E le Bars
- I2FH, Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionelle Humaine, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, 80 av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France; Neuroradiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, France
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161
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Takeuchi N, Sudo T, Oouchida Y, Mori T, Izumi SI. Synchronous Neural Oscillation Between the Right Inferior Fronto-Parietal Cortices Contributes to Body Awareness. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:330. [PMID: 31616270 PMCID: PMC6769041 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The right inferior fronto-parietal network monitors the current status of the musculoskeletal system and builds-up and updates our postural model. The kinesthetic illusion induced by tendon vibration has been utilized in experiments on the modulation of body awareness. The right inferior fronto-parietal cortices activate during the kinesthetic illusion. We aimed to determine the relationship between the right inferior fronto-parietal cortices and body awareness by applying transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to exogenously modulate oscillatory neural activity in the right fronto-parietal cortices during the kinesthetic illusion. Sixteen young adults participated in this study. We counterbalanced the order in which participants received the three types of tACS (55 Hz enveloped by 6 Hz; synchronous, desynchronous, and sham) across the subjects. The illusory movement perception induced by tendon vibration of the left extensor carpi ulnaris muscle was assessed before and during tACS. Application of synchronous tACS over the right inferior fronto-parietal cortices significantly increased kinesthetic illusion compared with sham tACS. The kinesthetic illusion during desynchronous tACS decreased from baseline. There was no change in vibration sensation during any tACS condition. The modulation of oscillatory brain activity between the right fronto-parietal cortices alters the illusory movement perception without altering actual vibration sensation. tACS over the right inferior fronto-parietal cortices is considered to modulate the neural processing involved in updating the postural model when the stimulated muscle spindle sends kinesthetic signals. This is the first study that reveals that rhythmic communication between the right inferior fronto-parietal cortices has a causal role in body awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
| | - Tamami Sudo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oouchida
- Department of Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mori
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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162
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Siuda-Krzywicka K, Witzel C, Chabani E, Taga M, Coste C, Cools N, Ferrieux S, Cohen L, Seidel Malkinson T, Bartolomeo P. Color Categorization Independent of Color Naming. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2471-2479.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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163
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Borra E, Luppino G. Large-scale temporo–parieto–frontal networks for motor and cognitive motor functions in the primate brain. Cortex 2019; 118:19-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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164
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Right Structural and Functional Reorganization in Four-Year-Old Children with Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke Predict Language Production. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0447-18.2019. [PMID: 31383726 PMCID: PMC6749144 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0447-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain imaging methods have contributed to shed light on the mechanisms of recovery after early brain insult. The assumption that the unaffected right hemisphere can take over language functions after left perinatal stroke is still under debate. Here, we report how patterns of brain structural and functional reorganization were associated with language outcomes in a group of four-year-old children with left perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS). Specifically, we gathered specific fine-grained developmental measures of receptive and productive aspects of language as well as standardized measures of cognitive development. We also collected structural neuroimaging data as well as functional activations during a passive listening story-telling fMRI task and a resting state session (rs-fMRI). Children with a left perinatal stroke showed larger lateralization indices of both structural and functional connectivity of the dorsal language pathway towards the right hemisphere that, in turn, were associated with better language outcomes. Importantly, the pattern of structural asymmetry was significantly more right-lateralized in children with a left perinatal brain insult than in a group of matched healthy controls. These results strongly suggest that early lesions of the left dorsal pathway and the associated perisylvian regions can induce the interhemispheric transfer of language functions to right homolog regions. This study provides combined evidence of structural and functional brain reorganization of language networks after early stroke with strong implications for neurobiological models of language development.
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165
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Pacella V, Foulon C, Jenkinson PM, Scandola M, Bertagnoli S, Avesani R, Fotopoulou A, Moro V, Thiebaut de Schotten M. Anosognosia for hemiplegia as a tripartite disconnection syndrome. eLife 2019; 8:e46075. [PMID: 31383259 PMCID: PMC6684265 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The syndrome of Anosognosia for Hemiplegia (AHP) can provide unique insights into the neurocognitive processes of motor awareness. Yet, prior studies have only explored predominately discreet lesions. Using advanced structural neuroimaging methods in 174 patients with a right-hemisphere stroke, we were able to identify three neural systems that contribute to AHP, when disconnected or directly damaged: the (i) premotor loop (ii) limbic system, and (iii) ventral attentional network. Our results suggest that human motor awareness is contingent on the joint contribution of these three systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pacella
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- NPSY.Lab-VR, Department of Human SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Chris Foulon
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour LaboratorySorbonne UniversitiesParisFrance
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225ParisFrance
- Computational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic MedicineThe University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinUnited States
| | - Paul M Jenkinson
- School of Life and Medical SciencesUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Michele Scandola
- NPSY.Lab-VR, Department of Human SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Sara Bertagnoli
- NPSY.Lab-VR, Department of Human SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Renato Avesani
- Department of RehabilitationIRCSS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria HospitalVeronaItaly
| | - Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY.Lab-VR, Department of Human SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour LaboratorySorbonne UniversitiesParisFrance
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225ParisFrance
- Groupe d’Imagerie NeurofonctionnelleInstitut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
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Moulton E, Magno S, Valabregue R, Amor-Sahli M, Pires C, Lehéricy S, Leger A, Samson Y, Rosso C. Acute Diffusivity Biomarkers for Prediction of Motor and Language Outcome in Mild-to-Severe Stroke Patients. Stroke 2019; 50:2050-2056. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.024946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Early severity of stroke symptoms—especially in mild-to-severe stroke patients—are imperfect predictors of long-term motor and aphasia outcome. Motor function and language processing heavily rely on the preservation of important white matter fasciculi in the brain. Axial diffusivity (AD) from the diffusion tensor imaging model has repeatedly shown to accurately reflect acute axonal damage and is thus optimal to probe the integrity of important white matter bundles and their relationship with long-term outcome. Our aim was to investigate the independent prognostic value of the AD of white matter tracts in the motor and language network evaluated at 24 hours poststroke for motor and aphasia outcome at 3 months poststroke.
Methods—
Seventeen (motor cohort) and 28 (aphasia cohort) thrombolyzed patients with initial mild-to-severe stroke underwent a diffusion tensor imaging sequence at 24 hours poststroke. Motor and language outcome were evaluated at 3 months poststroke with a composite motor score and the aphasia handicap scale. We first used stepwise regression to determine which classic (age, initial motor or aphasia severity, and lesion volume) and imaging (ratio of affected/unaffected AD of motor and language fasciculi) factors were related to outcome. Second, to determine the specificity of our a priori choices of fasciculi, we performed voxel-based analyses to determine if the same, additional, or altogether new regions were associated with long-term outcome.
Results—
The ratio of AD in the corticospinal tract was the sole predictor of long-term motor outcome, and the ratio of AD in the arcuate fasciculus—along with age and initial aphasia severity—was an independent predictor of 3-month aphasia outcome. White matter regions overlapping with these fasciculi naturally emerged in the corresponding voxel-based analyses.
Conclusions—
AD of the corticospinal tract and arcuate fasciculus are effective biomarkers of long-term motor and aphasia outcome, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Moulton
- From the Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France (E.M., S.M., R.V., S.L., Y.S., C.R.)
| | - Serena Magno
- From the Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France (E.M., S.M., R.V., S.L., Y.S., C.R.)
| | - Romain Valabregue
- From the Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France (E.M., S.M., R.V., S.L., Y.S., C.R.)
- Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, CENIR, ICM, Paris, France (S.L., R.V.)
| | - Melika Amor-Sahli
- Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP (M.A.-S., S.L.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christine Pires
- AP-HP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires (C.P., A.L., Y.S., C.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- From the Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France (E.M., S.M., R.V., S.L., Y.S., C.R.)
- Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, CENIR, ICM, Paris, France (S.L., R.V.)
- ICM team Movement Investigation and Therapeutics (S.L., C.R.)
- Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP (M.A.-S., S.L.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne Leger
- AP-HP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires (C.P., A.L., Y.S., C.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yves Samson
- From the Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France (E.M., S.M., R.V., S.L., Y.S., C.R.)
- AP-HP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires (C.P., A.L., Y.S., C.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Rosso
- From the Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France (E.M., S.M., R.V., S.L., Y.S., C.R.)
- ICM team Movement Investigation and Therapeutics (S.L., C.R.)
- AP-HP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires (C.P., A.L., Y.S., C.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Puglisi G, Howells H, Sciortino T, Leonetti A, Rossi M, Conti Nibali M, Gabriel Gay L, Fornia L, Bellacicca A, Viganò L, Simone L, Catani M, Cerri G, Bello L. Frontal pathways in cognitive control: direct evidence from intraoperative stimulation and diffusion tractography. Brain 2019; 142:2451-2465. [PMID: 31347684 PMCID: PMC6658848 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A key aspect of cognitive control is the management of conflicting incoming information to achieve a goal, termed 'interference control'. Although the role of the right frontal lobe in interference control is evident, the white matter tracts subserving this cognitive process remain unclear. To investigate this, we studied the effect of transient network disruption (by means of direct electrical stimulation) and permanent disconnection (resulting from neurosurgical resection) on interference control processes, using the Stroop test in the intraoperative and extraoperative neurosurgical setting. We evaluated the sites at which errors could be produced by direct electrical stimulation during an intraoperative Stroop test in 34 patients with frontal right hemisphere glioma. Lesion-symptom mapping was used to evaluate the relationship between the resection cavities and postoperative performance on the Stroop test of this group compared with an additional 29 control patients who did not perform the intraoperative test (63 patients in total aged 17-77 years; 28 female). We then examined tract disruption and disconnection in a subset of eight patients who underwent both the intraoperative Stroop test and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography. The results showed that, intraoperatively, the majority of sites associated with errors during Stroop test performance and concurrent subcortical stimulation clustered in a region of white matter medial to the right inferior frontal gyrus, lateral and superior to the striatum. Patients who underwent the intraoperative test maintained cognitive control ability at the 1-month follow-up (P = 0.003). Lesion-symptom analysis showed resection of the right inferior frontal gyrus was associated with slower postoperative Stroop test ability (corrected for multiple comparisons, 5000 permutations). The stimulation sites associated with intraoperative errors most commonly corresponded with the inferior fronto-striatal tracts and anterior thalamic radiation (over 75% of patients), although the latter was commonly resected without postoperative deficits on the Stroop test (in 60% of patients). Our results show converging evidence to support a critical role for the inferior frontal gyrus in interference control processes. The intraoperative data combined with tractography suggests that cortico-subcortical tracts, over cortico-cortical connections, may be vital in maintaining efficiency of cognitive control processes. This suggests the importance of their preservation during resection of right frontal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Puglisi
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, and Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Henrietta Howells
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, and Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sciortino
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Leonetti
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, and Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Conti Nibali
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gabriel Gay
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Fornia
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, and Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellacicca
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, and Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Viganò
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, and Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Simone
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, and Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Catani
- Natbrainlab, Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Cerri
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, and Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bello
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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168
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High-dimensional detection of imaging response to treatment in multiple sclerosis. NPJ Digit Med 2019; 2:49. [PMID: 31304395 PMCID: PMC6556513 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-019-0127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes on brain imaging may precede clinical manifestations or disclose disease progression opaque to conventional clinical measures. Where, as in multiple sclerosis, the pathological process has a complex anatomical distribution, such changes are not easily detected by low-dimensional models in common use. This hinders our ability to detect treatment effects, both in the management of individual patients and in interventional trials. Here we compared the ability of conventional models to detect an imaging response to treatment against high-dimensional models incorporating a wide multiplicity of imaging factors. We used fully-automated image analysis to extract 144 regional, longitudinal trajectories of pre- and post- treatment changes in brain volume and disconnection in a cohort of 124 natalizumab-treated patients. Low- and high-dimensional models of the relationship between treatment and the trajectories of change were built and evaluated with machine learning, quantifying performance with receiver operating characteristic curves. Simulations of randomised controlled trials enrolling varying numbers of patients were used to quantify the impact of dimensionality on statistical efficiency. Compared to existing methods, high-dimensional models were superior in treatment response detection (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.890 [95% CI = 0.885–0.895] vs. 0.686 [95% CI = 0.679–0.693], P < 0.01]) and in statistical efficiency (achieved statistical power = 0.806 [95% CI = 0.698–0.872] vs. 0.508 [95% CI = 0.403–0.593] with number of patients enrolled = 50, at α = 0.01). High-dimensional models based on routine, clinical imaging can substantially enhance the detection of the imaging response to treatment in multiple sclerosis, potentially enabling more accurate individual prediction and greater statistical efficiency of randomised controlled trials.
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169
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"Need to Know" or the Strong Urge to Find Names of Unique Entities in Acquired Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Cogn Behav Neurol 2019; 32:124-133. [PMID: 31205124 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The two forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), idiopathic and acquired, have been linked to abnormalities in the fronto-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry, involving the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and striatum. Accumulating evidence indicates that damage to other brain regions (ie, temporal lobes) is also implicated in the pathogenesis of both types of OCD. In addition, some discrete OCD symptoms have received less attention because of their presumed low occurrence and difficultly of categorization. Among these, one intriguing and potentially severe type of obsessive thinking is the so-called "need to know" (NtK), which is a strong urge to access certain information, particularly proper names. In some patients, this monosymptomatic presentation may constitute the major feature of OCD. Here we report the cases of two patients who developed NtK obsessions with tenacious time-consuming, answer-seeking compulsions as the only or more disabling symptomatology in association with malignant tumors involving the right temporal lobe and connected fronto-subcortical circuits.
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170
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Tomaiuolo F, Campana S, Cecchetti L, Galli R, Zucco GM, Lasaponara S, Doricchi F. Concomitant recovery from left spatial neglect and inflammatory dysfunction of white-matter pathways in a case of acute disseminated encephalo-myelitis (ADEM). Cortex 2019; 119:231-236. [PMID: 31158559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Spatial neglect is an invalidating neuropsychological syndrome characterized by the inability of paying attention to the side of space contralateral to a unilateral brain damage. Recent studies have suggested that lesion of white-matter pathways plays an important role in producing spatial neglect by causing a widespread functional breakdown of the network of cortical and subcortical structures that regulates orienting of spatial attention. Nonetheless, this conclusion is largely based on the study of patients who suffer combined grey and white matter damage and should be better corroborated by the study of cases with selective or predominant white matter dysfunction. Here, we describe the clinical and MRI follow-up of a patient who suffered left spatial neglect due to inflammatory Acute Disseminated Encephalo-Myelitis (ADEM) that affected the white matter. Recovery from neglect was matched with recovery from inflammatory white-matter dysfunction, despite a concomitant and progressive increase in cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation. These findings confirm the role of white matter lesion/dysfunction in the pathogenesis of left spatial neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Campana
- Unità Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite, Auxilium Vitae Volterra, Pisa, Italy; La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cecchetti
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Rosita Galli
- Unità Gravi Cerebrolesioni Acquisite, Auxilium Vitae Volterra, Pisa, Italy; U.O.C. Neurologia-Neurofisiopatologia, Italy
| | - Gesualdo M Zucco
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Lasaponara
- La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS "Fondazione Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Doricchi
- La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS "Fondazione Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
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171
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Galovic M, Baudracco I, Wright-Goff E, Pillajo G, Nachev P, Wandschneider B, Woermann F, Thompson P, Baxendale S, McEvoy AW, Nowell M, Mancini M, Vos SB, Winston GP, Sparks R, Prados F, Miserocchi A, de Tisi J, Van Graan LA, Rodionov R, Wu C, Alizadeh M, Kozlowski L, Sharan AD, Kini LG, Davis KA, Litt B, Ourselin S, Moshé SL, Sander JWA, Löscher W, Duncan JS, Koepp MJ. Association of Piriform Cortex Resection With Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. JAMA Neurol 2019; 76:690-700. [PMID: 30855662 PMCID: PMC6490233 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Importance A functional area associated with the piriform cortex, termed area tempestas, has been implicated in animal studies as having a crucial role in modulating seizures, but similar evidence is limited in humans. Objective To assess whether removal of the piriform cortex is associated with postoperative seizure freedom in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) as a proof-of-concept for the relevance of this area in human TLE. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used voxel-based morphometry and volumetry to assess differences in structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in consecutive patients with TLE who underwent epilepsy surgery in a single center from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2013. Participants underwent presurgical and postsurgical structural MRI and had at least 2 years of postoperative follow-up (median, 5 years; range, 2-11 years). Patients with MRI of insufficient quality were excluded. Findings were validated in 2 independent cohorts from tertiary epilepsy surgery centers. Study follow-up was completed on September 23, 2016, and data were analyzed from September 24, 2016, through April 24, 2018. Exposures Standard anterior temporal lobe resection. Main Outcomes and Measures Long-term postoperative seizure freedom. Results In total, 107 patients with unilateral TLE (left-sided in 68; 63.6% women; median age, 37 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 30-45 years]) were included in the derivation cohort. Reduced postsurgical gray matter volumes were found in the ipsilateral piriform cortex in the postoperative seizure-free group (n = 46) compared with the non-seizure-free group (n = 61). A larger proportion of the piriform cortex was resected in the seizure-free compared with the non-seizure-free groups (median, 83% [IQR, 64%-91%] vs 52% [IQR, 32%-70%]; P < .001). The results were seen in left- and right-sided TLE and after adjusting for clinical variables, presurgical gray matter alterations, presurgical hippocampal volumes, and the proportion of white matter tract disconnection. Findings were externally validated in 2 independent cohorts (31 patients; left-sided TLE in 14; 54.8% women; median age, 41 years [IQR, 31-46 years]). The resected proportion of the piriform cortex was individually associated with seizure outcome after surgery (derivation cohort area under the curve, 0.80 [P < .001]; external validation cohorts area under the curve, 0.89 [P < .001]). Removal of at least half of the piriform cortex increased the odds of becoming seizure free by a factor of 16 (95% CI, 5-47; P < .001). Other mesiotemporal structures (ie, hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex) and the overall resection volume were not associated with outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance These results support the importance of resecting the piriform cortex in neurosurgical treatment of TLE and suggest that this area has a key role in seizure generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Galovic
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Irene Baudracco
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evan Wright-Goff
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Galo Pillajo
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Imaging, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito
| | - Parashkev Nachev
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Britta Wandschneider
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Friedrich Woermann
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Klinik Mara, Bethel Epilepsy Centre, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pamela Thompson
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sallie Baxendale
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. McEvoy
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Nowell
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Mancini
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sjoerd B. Vos
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin P. Winston
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sparks
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Image Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ferran Prados
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Miserocchi
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane de Tisi
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louis André Van Graan
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Rodionov
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mahdi Alizadeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Kozlowski
- medical student at Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashwini D. Sharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lohith G. Kini
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kathryn A. Davis
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Brian Litt
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Image Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Solomon L. Moshé
- Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Montefiore/Einstein Epilepsy Management Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Montefiore/Einstein Epilepsy Management Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore/Einstein Epilepsy Management Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Josemir W. A. Sander
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - John S. Duncan
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias J. Koepp
- UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
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Colás I, Chica AB, Ródenas E, Busquier H, Olivares G, Triviño M. Conscious perception in patients with prefrontal damage. Neuropsychologia 2019; 129:284-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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173
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Di Marco J, Lunven M, Revol P, Christophe L, Jacquin-Courtois S, Vallar G, Rode G. Regression of left hyperschematia after prism adaptation: A single case study. Cortex 2019; 119:128-140. [PMID: 31125738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prism adaptation (PA) is a promising treatment in the rehabilitation of post-stroke cognitive disorders such as unilateral spatial neglect or constructional deficits. Right brain damage can bring about another representational spatial disorder, termed «hyperschematia», and defined by a left-sided disproportionate expansion of drawings by copy and from memory, and by an overestimation of left lateral extent when a leftward movement is required. This case study aimed at evaluating the effect of PA induced by prismatic lenses creating a shift to the left on hyperschematia signs. A 63-year-old woman with left hyperschematia, consecutive to a right fronto-temporo-parietal hematoma, was exposed to a leftward optical deviation produced by prismatic lenses. An anatomical MRI studied topography of the brain lesion; the patient's lesion was then mapped onto tractography reconstructions of white matter pathways. Results showed that PA significantly reduced the left-sided expansion of drawing by copy and from memory, and the overestimation of left lateral extent, immediately after prism removal and 4 days later, indicating a persistent long lasting cognitive effect. MRI showed a right hemisphere disconnection of the posterior and long segments of the arcuate fasciculus, and of the inferior longitudinal and fronto-occipital fasciculi. Overall, these findings suggest that: i) PA is effective also in hyperschematia by re-orientating spatial attention towards the right side of space, with a relative rightward PA-induced unbalance, and re-setting the spatial representation to the left side of space, contralateral to the side of the lesion; ii) the left misrepresentation of lateral extent may be related to a disconnection between visual coordinates and attentional networks to the frontal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Di Marco
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - Marine Lunven
- Laboratoire de Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Département d'études Cognitives, ENS, PSL Research University, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Revol
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - Laure Christophe
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - Sophie Jacquin-Courtois
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - Giuseppe Vallar
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Neuropsychological Laboratory, Milano, Italy
| | - Gilles Rode
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France.
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174
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Akinina Y, Dragoy O, Ivanova MV, Iskra EV, Soloukhina OA, Petryshevsky AG, Fedinа ON, Turken AU, Shklovsky VM, Dronkers NF. Grey and white matter substrates of action naming. Neuropsychologia 2019; 131:249-265. [PMID: 31129278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite a persistent interest in verb processing, data on the neural underpinnings of verb retrieval are fragmentary. The present study is the first to analyze the contributions of both grey and white matter damage affecting verb retrieval through action naming in stroke. We used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) with an action naming task in 40 left-hemisphere stroke patients. Within the grey matter, we revealed the critical involvement of the left precentral and inferior frontal gyri, insula, and parts of basal ganglia. An overlay of white matter tract probability masks on the VLSM lesion map revealed involvement of left-hemisphere long and short association tracts with terminations in the frontal areas; and several projection tracts. The involvement of these structures is interpreted in the light of existing picture naming models, semantic control processes, and the embodiment cognition framework. Our results stress the importance of both cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical networks of language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Akinina
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; University of Groningen, Graduate School for the Humanities, P.O. Box 716, NL-9700, AS Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - O Dragoy
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, 1/10 Ostrovityanova Street, 117342, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Ivanova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Psychology, 2121 Berkeley Way, 94704, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road 126R, 94553, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - E V Iskra
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Soloukhina
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Petryshevsky
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - O N Fedinа
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia; Medicine and Nuclear Technology Ltd., 1/133 Akademika Kurchatova Street, 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - A U Turken
- Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road 126R, 94553, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - V M Shklovsky
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - N F Dronkers
- University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Psychology, 2121 Berkeley Way, 94704, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road 126R, 94553, Martinez, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, Dept. of Neurology, Sacramento, CA, USA
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175
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Martín-Arévalo E, Lupiáñez J, Narganes-Pineda C, Marino G, Colás I, Chica AB. The causal role of the left parietal lobe in facilitation and inhibition of return. Cortex 2019; 117:311-322. [PMID: 31185374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Following non-informative peripheral cues, responses are facilitated at the cued compared to the uncued location at short cue-target intervals. This effect reverses at longer intervals, giving rise to Inhibition of Return (IOR). The integration-segregation hypothesis (Lupiáñez, 2010) suggests that peripheral cues always produce an onset-detection cost regardless the behavioral cueing effect that is measured - either facilitation or IOR. In the present study, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the causal contribution of this detection cost to performance. We used a cueing paradigm with a target discrimination task that was preceded by a non-informative peripheral cue. The presence-absence of a central intervening event was manipulated. Online TMS to the left superior parietal lobe (compared to an active vertex stimulation) lead to an overall more positive effect (faster responses for cued as compared to uncued trials), by putatively impairing the detection cost contribution to performance. The data revealed a strong association between overall RT and the TMS effect, and also between overall RT and the integrity of the first branch of the left superior longitudinal fascicule. These results have critical implications not only for the open debate about the mechanism/s underlying spatial orienting effects, but also for the growing literature demonstrating that white matter connectivity is crucial for explaining inter-individual behavioral variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martín-Arévalo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - J Lupiáñez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain
| | - C Narganes-Pineda
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain
| | - G Marino
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain
| | - I Colás
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ana B Chica
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain
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176
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Assaf Y, Johansen-Berg H, Thiebaut de Schotten M. The role of diffusion MRI in neuroscience. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e3762. [PMID: 28696013 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging has pushed the boundaries of neuroscience by allowing us to examine the white matter microstructure of the living human brain. By doing so, it has provided answers to fundamental neuroscientific questions, launching a new field of research that had been largely inaccessible. We briefly summarize key questions that have historically been raised in neuroscience concerning the brain's white matter. We then expand on the benefits of diffusion-weighted imaging and its contribution to the fields of brain anatomy, functional models and plasticity. In doing so, this review highlights the invaluable contribution of diffusion-weighted imaging in neuroscience, presents its limitations and proposes new challenges for future generations who may wish to exploit this powerful technology to gain novel insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Assaf
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Frontlab, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche CENIR, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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177
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Bendetowicz D, Urbanski M, Garcin B, Foulon C, Levy R, Bréchemier ML, Rosso C, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Volle E. Two critical brain networks for generation and combination of remote associations. Brain 2019; 141:217-233. [PMID: 29182714 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent functional imaging findings in humans indicate that creativity relies on spontaneous and controlled processes, possibly supported by the default mode and the fronto-parietal control networks, respectively. Here, we examined the ability to generate and combine remote semantic associations, in relation to creative abilities, in patients with focal frontal lesions. Voxel-based lesion-deficit mapping, disconnection-deficit mapping and network-based lesion-deficit approaches revealed critical prefrontal nodes and connections for distinct mechanisms related to creative cognition. Damage to the right medial prefrontal region, or its potential disrupting effect on the default mode network, affected the ability to generate remote ideas, likely by altering the organization of semantic associations. Damage to the left rostrolateral prefrontal region and its connections, or its potential disrupting effect on the left fronto-parietal control network, spared the ability to generate remote ideas but impaired the ability to appropriately combine remote ideas. Hence, the current findings suggest that damage to specific nodes within the default mode and fronto-parietal control networks led to a critical loss of verbal creative abilities by altering distinct cognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bendetowicz
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM) - FrontLab, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neurology Department, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marika Urbanski
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM) - FrontLab, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,Hôpitaux de Saint-Maurice, Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, 94410 Saint-Maurice, France.,Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM), Brain Connectivity and Behaviour group, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Garcin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM) - FrontLab, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neurology Department, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Chris Foulon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM) - FrontLab, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM), Brain Connectivity and Behaviour group, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Richard Levy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM) - FrontLab, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neurology Department, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bréchemier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM) - FrontLab, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Rosso
- Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM), CENIR, 75013 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Urgences cérébro-Vasculaires, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM) - FrontLab, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM), Brain Connectivity and Behaviour group, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM) - FrontLab, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,Institut du cerveau et la moelle épinière (ICM), Brain Connectivity and Behaviour group, 75013 Paris, France
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178
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Assaneo MF, Ripollés P, Orpella J, Lin WM, de Diego-Balaguer R, Poeppel D. Spontaneous synchronization to speech reveals neural mechanisms facilitating language learning. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:627-632. [PMID: 30833700 PMCID: PMC6435400 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a deceptively simple behavioral task that robustly identifies two qualitatively different groups within the general population. When presented with an isochronous train of random syllables, some listeners are compelled to align their own concurrent syllable production with the perceived rate, while others remain impervious to the external rhythm. Using both neurophysiological and structural imaging approaches, we show group differences with clear consequences for speech processing and language learning. When listening passively to speech, high synchronizers show increased brain-to-stimulus synchronization over frontal areas and this localized pattern correlates with precise microstructural differences in the white matter pathway connecting frontal to auditory regions. Finally, the data expose a mechanism that underpins performance on an ecologically relevant word-learning task. We suggest that this task will helps to better understand and characterize individual performance in speech processing and language learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Ripollés
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Orpella
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wy Ming Lin
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth de Diego-Balaguer
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Poeppel
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Neuroscience Department, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
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179
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Torres-Prioris MJ, López-Barroso D, Roé-Vellvé N, Paredes-Pacheco J, Dávila G, Berthier ML. Repetitive verbal behaviors are not always harmful signs: Compensatory plasticity within the language network in aphasia. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 190:16-30. [PMID: 30665003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive verbal behaviors such as conduite d'approche (CdA) and mitigated echolalia (ME) are well-known phenomena since early descriptions of aphasia. Nevertheless, there is no substantial fresh knowledge on their clinical features, neural correlates and treatment interventions. In the present study we take advantage of three index cases of chronic fluent aphasia showing CdA, ME or both symptoms to dissect their clinical and neural signatures. Using multimodal neuroimaging (structural magnetic resonance imaging and [18]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography during resting state), we found that despite of the heterogeneous lesions in terms of etiology (stroke, traumatic brain injury), volume and location, CdA was present when the lesion affected in greater extent the left dorsal language pathway, while ME resulted from preferential damage to the left ventral stream. The coexistence of CdA and ME was associated with involvement of areas overlapping with the structural lesions and metabolic derangements described in the subjects who showed one of these symptoms (CdA or ME). These findings suggest that CdA and ME represent the clinical expression of plastic changes that occur within the spared language network and its interconnected areas in order to compensate for the linguistic functions that previously relied on the activity of the damaged pathway. We discuss the results in the light of this idea and consider alternative undamaged neural networks that may support CdA and ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Torres-Prioris
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Research Laboratory on the Neuroscience of Language, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Diana López-Barroso
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Research Laboratory on the Neuroscience of Language, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Núria Roé-Vellvé
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, General Foundation of the University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Paredes-Pacheco
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, General Foundation of the University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Molecular Imaging and Medical Physics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health, University of Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Dávila
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Research Laboratory on the Neuroscience of Language, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marcelo L Berthier
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Research Laboratory on the Neuroscience of Language, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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180
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Nyffeler T, Vanbellingen T, Kaufmann BC, Pflugshaupt T, Bauer D, Frey J, Chechlacz M, Bohlhalter S, Müri RM, Nef T, Cazzoli D. Theta burst stimulation in neglect after stroke: functional outcome and response variability origins. Brain 2019; 142:992-1008. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nyffeler
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Switzerland
| | - Tim Vanbellingen
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte C Kaufmann
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Bauer
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Switzerland
| | - Julia Frey
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Switzerland
| | | | | | - René M Müri
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Nef
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dario Cazzoli
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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181
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Fan Q, Tian Q, Ohringer NA, Nummenmaa A, Witzel T, Tobyne SM, Klawiter EC, Mekkaoui C, Rosen BR, Wald LL, Salat DH, Huang SY. Age-related alterations in axonal microstructure in the corpus callosum measured by high-gradient diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2019; 191:325-336. [PMID: 30790671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter exhibits age-related degenerative changes during the course of normal aging, including decreases in axon density and alterations in axonal structure. Noninvasive approaches to measure these microstructural alterations throughout the lifespan would be invaluable for understanding the substrate and regional variability of age-related white matter degeneration. Recent advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have leveraged high gradient strengths to increase sensitivity toward axonal size and density in the living human brain. Here, we examined the relationship between age and indices of axon diameter and packing density using high-gradient strength diffusion MRI in 36 healthy adults (aged 22-72) in well-defined central white matter tracts in the brain. A recently validated method for inferring the effective axonal compartment size and packing density from diffusion MRI measurements acquired with 300 mT/m maximum gradient strength was applied to the in vivo human brain to obtain indices of axon diameter and density in the corpus callosum, its sub-regions, and adjacent anterior and posterior fibers in the forceps minor and forceps major. The relationships between the axonal metrics, corpus callosum area and regional gray matter volume were also explored. Results revealed a significant increase in axon diameter index with advancing age in the whole corpus callosum. Similar analyses in sub-regions of the corpus callosum showed that age-related alterations in axon diameter index and axon density were most pronounced in the genu of the corpus callosum and relatively absent in the splenium, in keeping with findings from previous histological studies. The significance of these correlations was mirrored in the forceps minor and forceps major, consistent with previously reported decreases in FA in the forceps minor but not in the forceps major with age. Alterations in the axonal imaging metrics paralleled decreases in corpus callosum area and regional gray matter volume with age. Among older adults, results from cognitive testing suggested an association between larger effective compartment size in the corpus callosum, particularly within the genu of the corpus callosum, and lower scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, largely driven by deficits in short-term memory. The current study suggests that high-gradient diffusion MRI may be sensitive to the axonal substrate of age-related white matter degeneration reflected in traditional DTI metrics and provides further evidence for regionally selective alterations in white matter microstructure with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Fan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Qiyuan Tian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ned A Ohringer
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Witzel
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean M Tobyne
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Klawiter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Choukri Mekkaoui
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David H Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susie Y Huang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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182
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Nakajima R, Kinoshita M, Yahata T, Nakada M. Recovery time from supplementary motor area syndrome: relationship to postoperative day 7 paralysis and damage of the cingulum. J Neurosurg 2019; 132:865-874. [PMID: 30738403 DOI: 10.3171/2018.10.jns182391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is defined as temporary paralysis after the resection of brain tumor localized in the SMA. Although in most cases paralysis induced by SMA resection resolves within a short period, the time until complete recovery varies and has not been precisely analyzed to date. In this study, the authors investigated factors for predicting the time required for recovery from paralysis after SMA resection. METHODS Data from 20 cases were analyzed. All 20 patients (mean age 54.9 ± 12.6 years) had undergone resection of frontal lobe glioma involving the SMA. The severity of postoperative paralysis was recorded until complete recovery using the Brunnstrom recovery stage index. To investigate factors associated with recovery time, the authors performed multivariate analysis with the following potentially explanatory variables: age, severity of paralysis after the surgery, resected volume of the SMA, and probability of disconnection of fibers running through or near the SMA. Moreover, voxel-based lesion symptom analysis was performed to clarify the resected regions related to prolonged recovery. RESULTS In most cases of severe to moderate paralysis, there was substantial improvement within the 1st postoperative week, but 2-9 weeks were required for complete recovery. Significantly delayed recovery from paralysis was associated with resection of the cingulate cortex and its deep regions. The factors found to influence recovery time from paralysis were stage of paralysis at postoperative day 7 and disconnection probability of the cingulum (adjusted R2 = 0.63, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Recovery time from paralysis due to SMA syndrome can be predicted by the severity of paralysis at postoperative day 7 and degree of damage to the cingulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Nakajima
- 1Department of Occupational therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Masashi Kinoshita
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University; and
| | - Tetsutaro Yahata
- 3Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University; and
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183
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Pedrazzini E, Ptak R. Damage to the right temporoparietal junction, but not lateral prefrontal or insular cortex, amplifies the role of goal-directed attention. Sci Rep 2019; 9:306. [PMID: 30670788 PMCID: PMC6342971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether an object captures attention depends on the interplay between its saliency and current behavioral predispositions of the observer. Neuroimaging work has implied a ventral attention network, comprising the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) and the insula, in attentional orienting toward salient events. Activity of the TPJ is driven by novel and unexpected objects, while the lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in stimulus-driven as well as goal-directed processing. The insula in turn, is part of a saliency network, which has been implicated in detecting biologically salient signals. These roles predict that damage to the TPJ, lPFC, or insula should affect performance in tasks measuring the capture of attention by salient and behaviorally relevant events. Here, we show that patients with lesions to the right TPJ have a characteristic increase of attentional capture by relevant distracters. In contrast, damage to the lPFC or insular cortex only increases reaction times, irrespective of the task-relevant properties of distracters. These findings show that acquired damage to the TPJ pathologically amplifies the capture of attention by task-relevant information, and thus indicate that the TPJ has a decisive role in goal-directed orienting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pedrazzini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Radek Ptak
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Division of Neurorehabilitation, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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184
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Facchin A, Sartori E, Luisetti C, De Galeazzi A, Beschin N. Effect of prism adaptation on neglect hemianesthesia. Cortex 2019; 113:298-311. [PMID: 30716611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prism adaptation (PA) has proven to be effective in alleviating many signs of unilateral spatial neglect (USN). Generally, the principal improvement after PA treatment was found to be in the high-level cognitive function. Nevertheless, some evidence has also been found for it in somatosensory function. We have aimed to test the influence of PA on neglect hemianesthesia, a condition in which the high-level neglect-related deficit mimics hemianesthesia. Twenty-one USN patients were enrolled in the study. Each patient performed two sessions of PA, one with neutral glasses and one with prism glasses using a cross-over design. Sensitivity on the upper limb was tested using two methods. The first task was the sensibility subtest which was derived from the standard clinical examination. The second was the perceptual and motor electro-cutaneous threshold on the forearms using an electro-cutaneous stimulator. Four neuropsychological tests were used to diagnose USN and to check improvement: Star cancellation, Line bisection, Sentence reading and the Comb & Razor test. Comparing prism with sham conditions, our results show significant improvements in double extinction and in the electro-cutaneous perceptual threshold only for the contralesional hand. No improvement was found for the ipsilesional hand, for the motor threshold, and for neutral glasses. Significant improvement was found in personal neglect. Replication of the task in a subgroup of patients confirmed the primary results. The improvements in somatosensory perception together with the amelioration of personal neglect suggest that PA also has a specific effect on the neglect hemianesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Facchin
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy; Centre for Research in Optics and Optometry, University of Milano-Bicocca (COMIB), Milano, Italy; Institute of Research and Studies in Optics and Optometry, Vinci, Italy.
| | - Elena Sartori
- Rehabilitation Department, A.S.S.T. Valle Olona, Varese, Italy
| | - Chiara Luisetti
- Rehabilitation Department, A.S.S.T. Valle Olona, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Beschin
- Neuropsychological Service, Rehabilitation Department, A.S.S.T. Valle Olona, Varese, Italy
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185
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Corrivetti F, de Schotten MT, Poisson I, Froelich S, Descoteaux M, Rheault F, Mandonnet E. Dissociating motor–speech from lexico-semantic systems in the left frontal lobe: insight from a series of 17 awake intraoperative mappings in glioma patients. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1151-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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186
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Nardo D, De Luca M, Rotondaro F, Spanò B, Bozzali M, Doricchi F, Paolucci S, Macaluso E. Left hemispatial neglect and overt orienting in naturalistic conditions: Role of high-level and stimulus-driven signals. Cortex 2019; 113:329-346. [PMID: 30735844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deficits of visuospatial orienting in brain-damaged patients affected by hemispatial neglect have been extensively investigated. Nonetheless, spontaneous spatial orienting in naturalistic conditions is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role played by top-down and stimulus-driven signals in overt spatial orienting of neglect patients during free-viewing of short videos portraying everyday life situations. In Experiment 1, we assessed orienting when meaningful visual events competed on the left and right side of space, and tested whether sensory salience on the two sides biased orienting. In Experiment 2, we examined whether the spatial alignment of visual and auditory signals modulates orienting. The results of Experiment 1 showed that in neglect patients severe deficits in contralesional orienting were restricted to viewing conditions with bilateral visual events competing for attentional capture. In contrast, orienting towards the contralesional side was largely spared when the videos contained a single event on the left side. In neglect patients the processing of stimulus-driven salience was relatively spared and helped orienting towards the left side when multiple events were present. Experiment 2 showed that sounds spatially aligned with visual events on the left side improved orienting towards the otherwise neglected hemispace. Anatomical scans indicated that neglect patients suffered grey and white matter damages primarily in the ventral frontoparietal cortex. This suggests that the improvement of contralesional orienting associated with visual salience and audiovisual spatial alignment may be due to processing in the relatively intact dorsal frontoparietal areas. Our data show that in naturalistic environments, the presence of multiple meaningful events is a major determinant of spatial orienting deficits in neglect patients, whereas the salience of visual signals and the spatial alignment between auditory and visual signals can counteract spatial orienting deficits. These results open new perspectives to develop novel rehabilitation strategies based on the use of naturalistic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Nardo
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Maria De Luca
- Neuropsychology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rotondaro
- Neuropsychology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Spanò
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, East Sussex, UK
| | - Fabrizio Doricchi
- Neuropsychology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emiliano Macaluso
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
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187
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Geller J, Thye M, Mirman D. Estimating effects of graded white matter damage and binary tract disconnection on post-stroke language impairment. Neuroimage 2019; 189:248-257. [PMID: 30654172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the critical importance of close replications in strengthening and advancing scientific knowledge, there are inherent challenges to conducting replications of lesion-based studies. In the present study, we conducted a close conceptual replication of a study (i.e., Hope et al., 2016) that found that fluency and naming scores in post-stoke aphasia were more strongly associated with a binary measure of structural white matter integrity (tract disconnection) than a graded measure (lesion load). Using a different sample of stroke patients (N = 128) and four language deficit measures (aphasia severity, picture naming, and composite scores for speech production and semantic cognition), we examined tract disconnection and lesion load in three white matter tracts that have been implicated in language processing: arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. We did not find any consistent evidence that binary tract disconnection was more strongly associated with language impairment over and above lesion load, though individual deficit measures differed with respect to whether lesion load or tract disconnection was the stronger predictor. Given the mixed findings, we suggest caution when using such indirect estimates of structural white matter integrity, and direct individual measurements (for example, using diffusion weighted imaging) should be preferred when they are available. We end by highlighting the complex nature of replication in lesion-based studies and offer some potential solutions.
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188
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Mandonnet E, Herbet G, Moritz-Gasser S, Poisson I, Rheault F, Duffau H. Electrically induced verbal perseveration. Neurology 2019; 92:e613-e621. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe present study aimed to elucidate the neural correlates of the deafferentation cognitive model of verbal perseveration (VP) by analyzing the connectomics of the sites where electric stimulation elicited VP during awake left glioma surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the anatomic sites that generated VP when electrically stimulated in a series of 21 patients operated on while awake for a left glioma. Each stimulation point was manually located on the postoperative MRI and then registered to the Montreal Neurological Institute template. Connectomics of these sites were further analyzed with Tractotron and disconnectome maps.ResultsVP stimulation sites were located within the white matter surrounding the posterosuperior head of the caudate nucleus, as well as within the white matter of the external capsule and the superolateral wall of the temporal horn of the ventricle. Furthermore, Tractotron and disconnectome maps revealed the connectome of these stimulation sites: the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, frontostriatal tract, and anterior thalamic radiations.ConclusionOn the basis of these results and other data, we propose the following anatomic implementation of the deafferentation cognitive model: the lexico-semantic system, comprising different areas linked together through direct cortico-cortical connections, sends information to the striatum; the striato-thalamic system acts as a tunable filter of this lexico-semantic input; and the thalamus projects back to the lexico-semantic system, amplifying the targeted response and inhibiting its competitors.
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189
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Machner B, Könemund I, von der Gablentz J, Bays PM, Sprenger A. The ipsilesional attention bias in right-hemisphere stroke patients as revealed by a realistic visual search task: Neuroanatomical correlates and functional relevance. Neuropsychology 2019; 32:850-865. [PMID: 30321035 PMCID: PMC6237270 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Right-hemisphere stroke may cause an ipsilesional attention bias and left hemispatial neglect. Computerized time-limited tasks are more sensitive than conventional paper-pencil tests in detecting these spatial attention deficits. However, their frequency in the acute stage of stroke, the neuroanatomical basis and functional relevance for patients' everyday life are unclear. METHOD A realistic visual search task is introduced, in which eye movements are recorded while the patient searches for paperclips among different everyday objects on a computer display. The "desk task" performance of 34 acute right-hemisphere stroke patients was compared to established paper-pencil tests for neglect and the Posner reaction time task, and finally correlated to structural brain lesions. RESULTS Most of the patients, even those without clinical neglect signs and with normal paper-pencil test performance, exhibited a clear ipsilesional attention bias in the desk task. This bias was highly correlated to the left-right asymmetry in the Posner task and to neglect-related functional impairment scores. Lesion-symptom mapping revealed task-specific differences: deficits in the desk task were associated with lesions of the superior temporal gyrus, contralesional unawareness in the Posner task with ventral frontal cortex lesions and paper-pencil cancellation bias with damage to the inferior parietal lobe. Neglect behavior was further associated with distinct frontoparietal white matter tract disconnections (inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate). CONCLUSIONS Results from the novel desk task indicate a functional relevance of spatial attention deficits in right-hemisphere stroke patients, even if they are "subclinical." This should be considered especially in patients without obvious clinical neglect signs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul M Bays
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge
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190
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Obtaining Representative Core Streamlines for White Matter Tractometry of the Human Brain. COMPUTATIONAL DIFFUSION MRI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05831-9_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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191
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Foulon C, Cerliani L, Kinkingnéhun S, Levy R, Rosso C, Urbanski M, Volle E, Thiebaut de Schotten M. Advanced lesion symptom mapping analyses and implementation as BCBtoolkit. Gigascience 2018; 7:1-17. [PMID: 29432527 PMCID: PMC5863218 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with brain lesions provide a unique opportunity to understand the functioning of the human mind. However, even when focal, brain lesions have local and remote effects that impact functionally and structurally connected circuits. Similarly, function emerges from the interaction between brain areas rather than their sole activity. For instance, category fluency requires the associations between executive, semantic, and language production functions. Findings Here, we provide, for the first time, a set of complementary solutions for measuring the impact of a given lesion on the neuronal circuits. Our methods, which were applied to 37 patients with a focal frontal brain lesions, revealed a large set of directly and indirectly disconnected brain regions that had significantly impacted category fluency performance. The directly disconnected regions corresponded to areas that are classically considered as functionally engaged in verbal fluency and categorization tasks. These regions were also organized into larger directly and indirectly disconnected functional networks, including the left ventral fronto-parietal network, whose cortical thickness correlated with performance on category fluency. Conclusions The combination of structural and functional connectivity together with cortical thickness estimates reveal the remote effects of brain lesions, provide for the identification of the affected networks, and strengthen our understanding of their relationship with cognitive and behavioral measures. The methods presented are available and freely accessible in the BCBtoolkit as supplementary software [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Foulon
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne Universities, Paris France.,Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche CENIR, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Cerliani
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne Universities, Paris France.,Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche CENIR, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Serge Kinkingnéhun
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne Universities, Paris France
| | - Richard Levy
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Rosso
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche CENIR, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Abnormal Movements and Basal Ganglia team, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,APHP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marika Urbanski
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne Universities, Paris France.,Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hôpitaux de Saint-Maurice, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne Universities, Paris France.,Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche CENIR, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne Universities, Paris France.,Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche CENIR, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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192
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Chenot Q, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Rheault F, Descoteaux M, Crivello F, Zago L, Mellet E, Jobard G, Joliot M, Mazoyer B, Petit L. A population-based atlas of the human pyramidal tract in 410 healthy participants. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:599-612. [PMID: 30460551 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the advances in diffusion MRI and tractography, numerous atlases of the human pyramidal tract (PyT) have been proposed, but the inherent limitation of tractography to resolve crossing bundles within the centrum semiovale has so far prevented the complete description of the most lateral PyT projections. Here, we combined a precise manual positioning of individual subcortical regions of interest along the descending pathway of the PyT with a new bundle-specific tractography algorithm. This later is based on anatomical priors to improve streamlines tracking in crossing areas. We then extracted both left and right PyT in a large cohort of 410 healthy participants and built a population-based atlas of the whole-fanning PyT with a complete description of its most corticolateral projections. Clinical applications are envisaged, the whole-fanning PyT atlas being likely a better marker of corticospinal integrity metrics than those currently used within the frame of prediction of poststroke motor recovery. The present population-based PyT, freely available, provides an interesting tool for clinical applications to locate specific PyT damage and its impact to the short- and long-term motor recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Chenot
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Case 28, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 3ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Case 28, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 3ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - François Rheault
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Case 28, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 3ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Laure Zago
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Case 28, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 3ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Mellet
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Case 28, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 3ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Gaël Jobard
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Case 28, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 3ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Marc Joliot
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Case 28, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 3ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Case 28, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 3ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Petit
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Case 28, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 3ème étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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193
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Mandonnet E, Sarubbo S, Petit L. The Nomenclature of Human White Matter Association Pathways: Proposal for a Systematic Taxonomic Anatomical Classification. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:94. [PMID: 30459566 PMCID: PMC6232419 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity and complexity of white matter (WM) pathways of the human brain were discretely described by pioneers such as Willis, Stenon, Malpighi, Vieussens and Vicq d'Azyr up to the beginning of the 19th century. Subsequently, novel approaches to the gross dissection of brain internal structures have led to a new understanding of WM organization, notably due to the works of Reil, Gall and Burdach highlighting the fascicular organization of WM. Meynert then proposed a definitive tripartite organization in association, commissural and projection WM pathways. The enduring anatomical work of Dejerine at the turn of the 20th century describing WM pathways in detail has been the paramount authority on this topic (including its terminology) for over a century, enriched sporadically by studies based on blunt Klingler dissection. Currently, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is used to reveal the WM fiber tracts of the human brain in vivo by measuring the diffusion of water molecules, especially along axons. It is then possible by tractography to reconstitute the WM pathways of the human brain step by step at an unprecedented level of precision in large cohorts. However, tractography algorithms, although powerful, still face the complexity of the organization of WM pathways, and there is a crucial need to benefit from the exact definitions of the trajectories and endings of all WM fascicles. Beyond such definitions, the emergence of DWI-based tractography has mostly revealed strong heterogeneity in naming the different bundles, especially the long-range association pathways. This review addresses the various terminologies known for the WM association bundles, aiming to describe the rules of arrangements followed by these bundles and to propose a new nomenclature based on the structural wiring diagram of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvio Sarubbo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Structural and Functional Connectivity Lab, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Laurent Petit
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives—UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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194
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Hawco C, Voineskos AN, Radhu N, Rotenberg D, Ameis S, Backhouse FA, Semeralul M, Daskalakis ZJ. Age and gender interactions in white matter of schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder compared to non-psychiatric controls: commonalities across disorders. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1836-1848. [PMID: 27915397 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are psychiatric disorders with abnormalities in white matter structure. These disorders share high comorbidity and family history of OCD is a risk factor for SCZ which suggests some shared neurobiology. White matter was examined using diffusion tensor imaging in relativity large samples of SCZ (N = 48), OCD (N = 38) and non-psychiatric controls (N = 45). Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated and tract based spatial statistics were used to compare groups. In a whole brain analysis, SCZ and OCD both showed small FA reductions relative to controls in the corpus callosum. Both SCZ and OCD showed accelerated reductions in FA with age; specifically in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus in OCD, while the SCZ group demonstrated a more widespread pattern of FA reduction. Patient groups did not differ from each other in total FA or age effects in any regions. A general linear model using 13 a-priori regions of interest showed marginal group, group*gender, and group*age interactions. When OCD and SCZ groups were analyzed together, these marginal effects became significant (p < 0.05), suggesting commonalities exist between these patient groups. Overall, our results demonstrate a similar pattern of accelerated white matter decline with age and greater white matter deficit in females in OCD and SCZ, with overlap in the spatial pattern of deficits. There was no evidence for statistical differences in overall white matter between OCD and SCZ. Taken together, the results support the notion of shared neurobiology in SCZ and OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hawco
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada. .,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Radhu
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Rotenberg
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ameis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felicity A Backhouse
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mawahib Semeralul
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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195
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Forkel SJ, Catani M. Lesion mapping in acute stroke aphasia and its implications for recovery. Neuropsychologia 2018; 115:88-100. [PMID: 29605593 PMCID: PMC6018610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with stroke offer a unique window into understanding human brain function. Mapping stroke lesions poses several challenges due to the complexity of the lesion anatomy and the mechanisms causing local and remote disruption on brain networks. In this prospective longitudinal study, we compare standard and advanced approaches to white matter lesion mapping applied to acute stroke patients with aphasia. Eighteen patients with acute left hemisphere stroke were recruited and scanned within two weeks from symptom onset. Aphasia assessment was performed at baseline and six-month follow-up. Structural and diffusion MRI contrasts indicated an area of maximum overlap in the anterior external/extreme capsule with diffusion images showing a larger overlap extending into posterior perisylvian regions. Anatomical predictors of recovery included damage to ipsilesional tracts (as shown by both structural and diffusion images) and contralesional tracts (as shown by diffusion images only). These findings indicate converging results from structural and diffusion lesion mapping methods but also clear differences between the two approaches in their ability to identify predictors of recovery outside the lesioned regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Forkel
- Natbrainlab, King's College London, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences and Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Catani
- Natbrainlab, King's College London, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences and Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
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196
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Neuropsychological evidence for the crucial role of the right arcuate fasciculus in the face-based mentalizing network: A disconnection analysis. Neuropsychologia 2018; 115:179-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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197
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Aydogan DB, Jacobs R, Dulawa S, Thompson SL, Francois MC, Toga AW, Dong H, Knowles JA, Shi Y. When tractography meets tracer injections: a systematic study of trends and variation sources of diffusion-based connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2841-2858. [PMID: 29663135 PMCID: PMC5997540 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tractography is a powerful technique capable of non-invasively reconstructing the structural connections in the brain using diffusion MRI images, but the validation of tractograms is challenging due to lack of ground truth. Owing to recent developments in mapping the mouse brain connectome, high-resolution tracer injection-based axonal projection maps have been created and quickly adopted for the validation of tractography. Previous studies using tracer injections mainly focused on investigating the match in projections and optimal tractography protocols. Being a complicated technique, however, tractography relies on multiple stages of operations and parameters. These factors introduce large variabilities in tractograms, hindering the optimization of protocols and making the interpretation of results difficult. Based on this observation, in contrast to previous studies, in this work we focused on quantifying and ranking the amount of performance variation introduced by these factors. For this purpose, we performed over a million tractography experiments and studied the variability across different subjects, injections, anatomical constraints and tractography parameters. By using N-way ANOVA analysis, we show that all tractography parameters are significant and importantly performance variations with respect to the differences in subjects are comparable to the variations due to tractography parameters, which strongly underlines the importance of fully documenting the tractography protocols in scientific experiments. We also quantitatively show that inclusion of anatomical constraints is the most significant factor for improving tractography performance. Although this critical factor helps reduce false positives, our analysis indicates that anatomy-informed tractography still fails to capture a large portion of axonal projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogu Baran Aydogan
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Russell Jacobs
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Stephanie Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Summer L Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, 90089, USA
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Maite Christi Francois
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Hongwei Dong
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
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198
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Lemaitre AL, Lafargue G, Duffau H, Herbet G. Damage to the left uncinate fasciculus is associated with heightened schizotypal traits: A multimodal lesion-mapping study. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:240-248. [PMID: 29499963 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals with pronounced schizotypal traits also display particular neurophysiological and morphological features - notably with regard to left frontotemporal connectivity. However, the studies published to date have focused on subclinical subjects and psychiatric patients, rather than brain-damaged patients. Here, we used the French version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire to assess schizotypal traits in a sample of 97 patients having undergone surgical resection of a diffuse low-grade glioma. Patients having received other neurooncological treatments (including chemotherapy and radiotherapy) were not included. A combination of ROI-based based voxel-wise and tract-wise lesion-symptom mapping and a disconnectome analysis were performed, in order to identify the putative neural network associated with schizotypy. The ROI-based lesion-symptom mapping revealed a significant relationship between the cognitive-perceptual (positive) dimension of schizotypy and the left inferior gyrus (including the pars opercularis and the pars orbitalis). Importantly, we found that disconnection of the left uncinate fasciculus (UF) was a powerful predictor of the positive dimension of schizotypy. Lastly, the disconnection analysis indicated that the positive dimension of schizotypy was significantly associated with the white matter fibres deep in the left orbital and inferior frontal gyri and the left superior temporal pole, which mainly correspond to the spatial topography of the left UF. Taken as a whole, our results suggest that dysconnectivity of the neural network supplied by the left UF is associated with heightened positive schizotypal traits. Our new findings may be of value in interpreting current research in the field of biological psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Lemaitre
- Univ. Lille, EA 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Lafargue
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société, C2S, EA 6291, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51096 Reims, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34295 Montpellier, France; Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34091 Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Herbet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34295 Montpellier, France; Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34091 Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France.
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199
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Herbet G, Moritz-Gasser S, Lemaitre AL, Almairac F, Duffau H. Functional compensation of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus for picture naming. Cogn Neuropsychol 2018; 36:140-157. [DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2018.1477749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Herbet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Montpellier, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Moritz-Gasser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Montpellier, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Lemaitre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabien Almairac
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nice University Medical Center, Nice, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Montpellier, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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200
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Sydnor VJ, Rivas-Grajales AM, Lyall AE, Zhang F, Bouix S, Karmacharya S, Shenton ME, Westin CF, Makris N, Wassermann D, O'Donnell LJ, Kubicki M. A comparison of three fiber tract delineation methods and their impact on white matter analysis. Neuroimage 2018; 178:318-331. [PMID: 29787865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is an important method for studying white matter connectivity in the brain in vivo in both healthy and clinical populations. Improvements in dMRI tractography algorithms, which reconstruct macroscopic three-dimensional white matter fiber pathways, have allowed for methodological advances in the study of white matter; however, insufficient attention has been paid to comparing post-tractography methods that extract white matter fiber tracts of interest from whole-brain tractography. Here we conduct a comparison of three representative and conceptually distinct approaches to fiber tract delineation: 1) a manual multiple region of interest-based approach, 2) an atlas-based approach, and 3) a groupwise fiber clustering approach, by employing methods that exemplify these approaches to delineate the arcuate fasciculus, the middle longitudinal fasciculus, and the uncinate fasciculus in 10 healthy male subjects. We enable qualitative comparisons across methods, conduct quantitative evaluations of tract volume, tract length, mean fractional anisotropy, and true positive and true negative rates, and report measures of intra-method and inter-method agreement. We discuss methodological similarities and differences between the three approaches and the major advantages and drawbacks of each, and review research and clinical contexts for which each method may be most apposite. Emphasis is given to the means by which different white matter fiber tract delineation approaches may systematically produce variable results, despite utilizing the same input tractography and reliance on similar anatomical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Sydnor
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana María Rivas-Grajales
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda E Lyall
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Laboratory for Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarina Karmacharya
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Carl-Fredrik Westin
- Laboratory for Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Demian Wassermann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athena, Université Cote d'Azur, Inria, France; Parietal, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, INRIA Saclay Île-de-France, France
| | - Lauren J O'Donnell
- Laboratory for Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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