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Improvement of Endothelial Dysfunction of Berberine in Atherosclerotic Mice and Mechanism Exploring through TMT-Based Proteomics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8683404. [PMID: 32566106 PMCID: PMC7284929 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8683404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial vascular disease triggered by disordered lipid metabolism, characterized by chronic inflammatory injury, and initiated by endothelial dysfunction. Berberine is the main active alkaloid of the herbal medicine Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian). Notably, berberine has been shown to have beneficial effects against atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms of berberine in preventing atherosclerosis are still unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the effects and mechanisms of berberine in protecting the aorta and ameliorating atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Here, we demonstrated that berberine reduced serum lipid levels, antagonized hepatic lipid accumulation, improved intima-media thickening, and alleviated atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice fed a western-type diet for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, berberine reduced aortic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and reduced the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In aortic ring assay, berberine restored aortic endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, 4,956 proteins were identified by proteomic analysis, and 199 differentially expressed proteins regulated by berberine were found to be involved in many biological pathways, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty acid β-oxidation I, and FXR/RXR activation. Summarily, these data suggested that berberine ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and protects against atherosclerosis, and thus may be a promising therapeutic candidate for atherosclerosis.
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152
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Zeng Z, Zheng Q, Chen J, Tan X, Li Q, Ding L, Zhang R, Lin X. FGF21 mitigates atherosclerosis via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated vascular endothelial cells pyroptosis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 393:112108. [PMID: 32445748 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) is an endocrine cytokine that targets inflammation and atherosclerosis (AS). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the FGF21 anti-AS effect remain to be explored. Pyroptosis induced by hyperlipidemia or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) is a significant step in the advancement of AS. This work aimed to evaluate the mechanisms and functioning of FGF21 against AS using an atherosclerotic animal model and oxLDL mimic in vitro. We found that exogenous treatments with FGF21 significantly reduced the aortic sinus plaque area and ameliorated dyslipidemia in apoE-/- mice. FGF21 attenuated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins both in vivo and in vitro. Possibly, FGF21 improves mitochondrial function, inhibits mitochondrial division, and reduces ROS production by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and function to reduce NLRP3 related pyroptosis and inhibits VECs endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby exerting an anti-atherosclerotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanchuan People's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 408499, China; Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001,China
| | - Qiuping Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanchuan People's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 408499, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001,China
| | - Xianhua Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanchuan People's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 408499, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanchuan People's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 408499, China
| | - Lingxin Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Nanchuan People's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 408499, China
| | - Ren Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanchuan People's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 408499, China
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province 516001, China.
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153
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Talepoor AG, Fouladseresht H, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. Immune-Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A New Twist in an Old Tale. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:525-545. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191016095725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:Atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease, is triggered by the activation of endothelial cells followed by infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells including monocytes and T cells in arterial walls. Major populations of T cells found in human atherosclerotic lesions are antigen-specific activated CD4+ effectors and/or memory T cells from Th1, Th17, Th2 and Treg subsets. In this review, we will discuss the significance of T cell orchestrated immune inflammation in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Discussion:Pathogen/oxidative stress/lipid induced primary endothelial wound cannot develop to a full-blown atherosclerotic lesion in the absence of chronically induced inflammation. While the primary inflammatory response might be viewed as a lone innate response, the persistence of such a profound response over time must be (and is) associated with diverse local and systemic T cell responses. The interplay between T cells and innate cells contributes to a phenomenon called immuneinflammation and has an impact on the progression and outcome of the lesion. In recent years immuneinflammation, an old term, has had a comeback in connecting the puzzle pieces of chronic inflammatory diseases.Conclusion:Taking one-step back and looking from afar at the players of immune-inflammation may help us provide a broader perspective of these complicated interactions. This may lead to the identification of new drug targets and the development of new therapies as well as preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ghamar Talepoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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154
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Green HLH, Brewer AC. Dysregulation of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases by hyperglycaemia: does this link diabetes and vascular disease? Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:59. [PMID: 32345373 PMCID: PMC7189706 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical, social and economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with diabetes underscores an urgency for understanding the disease aetiology. Evidence suggests that the hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes is, of itself, causal in the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED) which is recognised to be the critical determinant in the development of CVD. It is further recognised that epigenetic modifications associated with changes in gene expression are causal in both the initiation of ED and the progression to CVD. Understanding whether and how hyperglycaemia induces epigenetic modifications therefore seems crucial in the development of preventative treatments. A mechanistic link between energy metabolism and epigenetic regulation is increasingly becoming explored as key energy metabolites typically serve as substrates or co-factors for epigenetic modifying enzymes. Intriguing examples are the ten-eleven translocation and Jumonji C proteins which facilitate the demethylation of DNA and histones respectively. These are members of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily which require the tricarboxylic acid metabolite, α-ketoglutarate and molecular oxygen (O2) as substrates and Fe (II) as a co-factor. An understanding of precisely how the biochemical effects of high glucose exposure impact upon cellular metabolism, O2 availability and cellular redox in endothelial cells (ECs) may therefore elucidate (in part) the mechanistic link between hyperglycaemia and epigenetic modifications causal in ED and CVD. It would also provide significant proof of concept that dysregulation of the epigenetic landscape may be causal rather than consequential in the development of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L H Green
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Alison C Brewer
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.
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155
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Sabbatinelli J, Orlando P, Galeazzi R, Silvestri S, Cirilli I, Marcheggiani F, Dludla PV, Giuliani A, Bonfigli AR, Mazzanti L, Olivieri F, Antonicelli R, Tiano L. Ubiquinol Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction in Subjects with Mild-to-Moderate Dyslipidemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041098. [PMID: 32326664 PMCID: PMC7231284 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this randomized, double-blind, single-center trial (ANZCTR number ACTRN12619000436178) we aimed to investigate changes in endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by ubiquinol, the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), in healthy subjects with moderate dyslipidemia. Fifty-one subjects with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels of 130–200 mg/dL, not taking statins or other lipid lowering treatments, moderate (2.5%–6.0%) endothelial dysfunction as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and no clinical signs of cardiovascular disease were randomized to receive either ubiquinol (200 or 100 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the effect of ubiquinol supplementation on FMD at the end of the study. Secondary outcomes included changes in FMD on week 4, changes in total and oxidized plasma CoQ10 on week 4 and week 8, and changes in serum nitrate and nitrite levels (NOx), and plasma LDL susceptibility to oxidation in vitro on week 8. Analysis of the data of the 48 participants who completed the study demonstrated a significantly increased FMD in both treated groups compared with the placebo group (200 mg/day, +1.28% ± 0.90%; 100 mg/day, +1.34% ± 1.44%; p < 0.001) and a marked increase in plasma CoQ10, either total (p < 0.001) and reduced (p < 0.001). Serum NOx increased significantly and dose-dependently in all treated subjects (p = 0.016), while LDL oxidation lag time improved significantly in those receiving 200 mg/day (p = 0.017). Ubiquinol significantly ameliorated dyslipidemia-related endothelial dysfunction. This effect was strongly related to increased nitric oxide bioavailability and was partly mediated by enhanced LDL antioxidant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0712206243
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS INRCA, Via della Montagnola 81, 60127 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60128 Ancona, Italy
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bonfigli
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS INRCA, Via della Montagnola 81, 60127 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzanti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Biology and Biochemistry Section, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60128 Ancona, Italy
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156
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Chen CC, Li HY, Leu YL, Chen YJ, Wang CJ, Wang SH. Corylin Inhibits Vascular Cell Inflammation, Proliferation and Migration and Reduces Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040275. [PMID: 32218307 PMCID: PMC7222202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease that includes several events, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, which result in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Corylin, a flavonoid compound, is known to exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. However, it remains unknown whether corylin could modulate atherogenesis. Here, we identified the anti-inflammatory effect of corylin in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced vascular cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), corylin suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to the HUVECs and transmigration by downregulating the ROS/JNK/nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) p65 pathway. In VSMCs, corylin inhibited TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion by suppressing ROS production, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 translocation. In platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced VSMCs, corylin inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration through regulating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/dynamin-1-like protein 1 (Drp1) signaling cascade. In addition, corylin treatment not only attenuated atherosclerotic lesions, ROS production, vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1) expression, monocyte adhesion and VSMC proliferation in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice but also inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in endothelial-denuded mice. Thus, corylin may be a potential prevention and treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Chia-Jen Wang
- Cell Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 88180); Fax: +886-2-23915292
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157
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Zhu Z, Wang A, Guo D, Bu X, Xu T, Zhong C, Peng Y, Xu T, Peng H, Chen J, Ju Z, Geng D, He J, Zhang Y. Association between serum hepatocyte growth factor and prognosis of ischemic stroke: The role of blood lipid status. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:492-499. [PMID: 31831364 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels increase the risk of ischemic stroke and are probably associated with outcomes after ischemic stroke. However, it remains unclear whether the association between HGF and ischemic stroke prognosis is modified by blood lipid status. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were derived from the CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke), and we measured baseline serum HGF levels in 3027 ischemic stroke patients. The primary outcome was a combination of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score≥3) at 2 years after ischemic stroke. Blood lipid status could modify association between HGF and ischemic stroke prognosis (Pinteraction = 0.002). After multivariate adjustment, the odds ratios of primary outcome associated with the highest tertile of HGF were 2.13 (95% CI, 1.45-3.14; Ptrend<0.001) for patients with dyslipidemia and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.54-1.22; Ptrend = 0.310) for those with normal lipids. Adding HGF to conventional risk factors improved risk prediction for primary outcome in patients with dyslipidemia (net reclassification improvement: 24.28%, P < 0.001; integrated discrimination index: 0.43%, P = 0.022) but not in those with normal lipids. Secondary analyses further revealed that HDL-C was the main lipid component to modify the prognostic significance of serum HGF among ischemic stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS There was a modified effect of blood lipid status on the association between serum HGF and ischemic stroke prognosis. Elevated serum HGF was associated with outcomes in ischemic stroke patients with dyslipidemia, especially low HDL-C. Further studies are warranted to replicate our findings and clarify the potential biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Bu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhong Ju
- Department of Neurology, Kerqin District First People's Hospital of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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158
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Implications of Hemostasis Disorders in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia-An In-Depth Comparison of Selected Factors. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030659. [PMID: 32121363 PMCID: PMC7141251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease. Among patients with atherosclerosis, those suffering from peripheral arterial disease (PAD) represent a group of individuals with particularly high death risk, especially during the course of critical limb ischemia (CLI). In the pathogenesis of PAD/CLI complications, blood coagulation disorders play a significant role. The study aim was to examine the activation of the coagulation system depending on tissue factor (TF) in patients with CLI as compared with those with intermittent claudication (IC). Methods: Before initiating proper treatment (invasive or maintenance), blood samples were collected from 65 patients with CLI and 15 with IC to measure the following selected hemostasis parameters: concentrations and activation of tissue factor (TF Ag and TF Act) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI Ag and TFPI Act), concentrations of thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT Ag) and fibrinogen, platelet count (PLT), and concentrations of tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA Ag), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and D-dimer. The control group included 30 healthy volunteers (10 female/20 male). Results: The values of all analyzed parameters (except for lower TFPI Act) were significantly higher in the blood of PAD patients (with respect to PLT only in the CLI subgroup) in comparison with healthy subjects. The blood of patients with CLI as compared to the IC subgroup revealed much higher concentrations of TF Ag (p < 0.001), with slightly decreased TF Act, significantly lower concentrations of TFPI Ag (p < 0.001), slightly increased TFPI Act, and significantly higher levels of TAT Ag (p < 0.001), fibrinogen (p = 0.026), and D-dimer (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with CLI, we can observe coagulation activation and a shifting balance toward prothrombotic processes. Furthermore, increased concentrations of D-dimer suggest a secondary activation of fibrinolysis and confirm the phenomenon as a prothrombotic condition with heightened fibrinolysis.
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159
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Lee I, Kim S, Nagar H, Choi SJ, Jeon BH, Piao S, Kim CS. CR6-interacting factor 1 deficiency reduces endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by inhibiting biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:842. [PMID: 31964986 PMCID: PMC6972730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of CR6 interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) has been reported to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in reduced activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO production in endothelial cells. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an important cofactor in regulating the balance between NO (eNOS coupling) and superoxide production (eNOS uncoupling). However, whether the decreased eNOS and NO production in CRIF1-deficient cells is associated with relative BH4 deficiency-induced eNOS uncoupling remains completely unknown. Our results showed that CRIF1 deficiency increased eNOS uncoupling and depleted levels of total biopterin and BH4 by reducing the enzymes of BH4 biosynthesis (GCH-1, PTS, SPR, and DHFR) in vivo and vitro, respectively. Supplementation of CRIF1-deficient cells with BH4 significantly increased the recovery of Akt and eNOS phosphorylation and NO synthesis. In addition, scavenging ROS with MitoTEMPO treatment replenished BH4 levels by elevating levels of GCH-1, PTS, and SPR, but with no effect on the level of DHFR. Downregulation of DHFR synthesis regulators p16 or p21 in CRIF1-deficient cells partially recovered the DHFR expression. In summary, CRIF1 deficiency inhibited BH4 biosynthesis and exacerbated eNOS uncoupling. This resulted in reduced NO production and increased oxidative stress, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikjun Lee
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Harsha Nagar
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Choi
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuyu Piao
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea.
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160
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Zhou M, Dai W, Cui Y, Li Y. Estrogen downregulates gp130 expression in HUVECs by regulating ADAM10 and ADAM17 via the estrogen receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:753-758. [PMID: 31952790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein130 (gp130) is an important signal transducer in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis. Studies suggest that estrogen can inhibit IL-6/gp130 signaling and reduce the risk of coronary artery disease, but the precise mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how estrogen regulates gp130 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were first treated with IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) to induce inflammation, then treated with estradiol. We then measured the expression of gp130, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) and 17 (ADAM17) by RT-PCR and western blot. Levels of soluble gp130 (sgp130) in the culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. We found that IL-6 and sIL-6R increased expression of gp130 protein and decreased levels of sgp130 protein, without affecting gp130 mRNA levels. Estradiol treatment reversed these effects in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These effects were regulated by ADAM10 and ADAM17 via an estrogen receptor α/β-dependent mechanism. These results shed further light on the mechanism underlying the clinical effects of estrogen therapy in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- Dept of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Dai
- Dept of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Dept of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Dept of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Villano A, Mencarelli E, Melita V, Rizzi A, Lamendola P, De Vita A, Manfredonia L, Ravenna SE, Pitocco D, Lanza GA, Crea F. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular outcome in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3215. [PMID: 31508874 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but risk stratification of asymptomatic T2DM patients remains a challenging issue. We conducted a pilot study to assess whether endothelial dysfunction might help identify, among asymptomatic T2DM patients, those at increased risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS We studied 61 consecutive T2DM patients with no evidence of cardiovascular disease and no insulin therapy. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the right brachial artery. The primary endpoint was a combination of major cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiovascular death, acute coronary events, coronary interventions, and acute cerebrovascular accidents). FMD was repeated at follow-up in 48 patients (79%). RESULTS A total of 10 MACE (16.4%) occurred during a mean follow-up of 48 months, including three acute myocardial infarctions, five coronary revascularizations for stable angina, and two acute ischaemic strokes. FMD at enrolment was lower in patients with compared with patients without MACE (3.78 ± 0.97% vs 4.70 ± 1.33%, respectively; P = .04). No other clinical or laboratory variables (age, diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin, cardiovascular risk factors, drug therapy, and nitrate-mediated dilation) were associated with MACE. FMD at follow-up was also lower in patients with (n = 10) compared with those without (n = 38) MACE (3.66 ± 1.29 vs 4.85 ± 1.92; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that assessment of FMD might be helpful to identify patients at increased risk of MACE among individuals with asymptomatic T2DM; accordingly, a large study is warranted to adequately define the clinical utility of FMD assessment in the management of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Villano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Mencarelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Melita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Priscilla Lamendola
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio De Vita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Manfredonia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Emanuele Ravenna
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Antonio Lanza
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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MiR-345-3p attenuates apoptosis and inflammation caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein by targeting TRAF6 via TAK1/p38/NF-kB signaling in endothelial cells. Life Sci 2020; 241:117142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112736. [PMID: 31718066 PMCID: PMC6893409 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two chronic diseases that have claimed more lives globally than any other disease. Dietary supplementation of functional foods containing bioactive compounds is recognised to result in improvements in free-radical-mediated oxidative stress. Emerging evidence indicates that bioactive compounds derived from rice bran (RB) have therapeutic potential against cellular oxidative stress. This review aims to describe the mechanistic pathways behind CVD and T2DM development and the therapeutic potential of polyphenols derived from RB against these chronic diseases.
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164
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Aminzadeh A, Bashiri H. Myricetin ameliorates high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:12-20. [PMID: 31691320 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as the initial detectable stage of cardiovascular disease, a serious complication of diabetes. In this study, we evaluated effects of myricetin on high glucose (HG)-elicited oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The cells were pre-incubated with myricetin and then treated with HG to induce apoptosis. The effect of myricetin on viability was investigated by MTT assay. The levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was measured by western blot analysis. Moreover, the effect of myricetin on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total thiol molecules was also determined. Our results showed that myricetin was able to markedly restore the viability of endothelial cells under oxidative stress. Myricetin reduced HG-caused increase in LPO levels. Also, TAC and total thiol molecules were notably elevated by myricetin. Incubation with myricetin decreased the protein expression levels of Bax, whereas it increased the expression levels of the Bcl-2, compared with HG treatment alone. Furthermore, myricetin significantly decreased cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. It is concluded that myricetin may protect HUVECs from oxidative stress induced by HG via increasing cell TAC and reducing Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio, and caspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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165
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Zhang WY, Selamet Tierney ES, Chen AC, Ling AY, Fleischmann RR, Baker VL. Vascular Health of Children Conceived via In Vitro Fertilization. J Pediatr 2019; 214:47-53. [PMID: 31443895 PMCID: PMC6815705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether in vitro fertilization (IVF) has an effect on the cardiovascular health of offspring. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional pilot study. We performed vascular health assessment for 17 children aged 10-14 years who were conceived via IVF with autologous oocytes at Stanford University. Carotid artery ultrasound evaluated intima-media thickness and stiffness, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity determined segmental arterial stiffness, and endothelial pulse amplitude testing assessed endothelial function. We compared IVF offspring with control adolescents assessed in the same laboratory, with all comparisons adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS All participants had normal body mass index and blood pressure. Compared with controls, IVF children had thicker common carotid artery intima-media thickness (0.44 ± 0.03 mm vs 0.38 ± 0.03 mm; P < .01), higher elastic modulus (395.29 ± 185.33 mm Hg vs 242.79 ± 37.69 mm Hg; P = .01), higher βstiffness (2.65 ± 0.38 vs 2.28 ± 0.23; P < .01), and higher peak velocity (142.29 ± 31.62 cm/s vs 117.71 ± 32.69 cm/s; P = .04). The mean endothelial pulse amplitude testing reactive hyperemia index was not significantly different between IVF and controls. The mean pulse wave velocity was 4.69 ± 0.51 m/s compared with the controls 4.60 ± 0.57 m/s (P = .11), with 8 (47%) having abnormal values. CONCLUSION In an assessment of endothelial function and arterial properties of children conceived via IVF, we found that children conceived via IVF seem to have evidence of abnormal vascular health. Further studies with larger sample size and long-term follow-up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Y Zhang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
| | - Elif Seda Selamet Tierney
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Angela C Chen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Albee Y Ling
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Valerie L Baker
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baltimore, MD
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Selvaraju V, Ayine P, Fadamiro M, Babu JR, Brown M, Geetha T. Urinary Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Are Elevated in Obese Children and Correlate with a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9604740. [PMID: 31737180 PMCID: PMC6817929 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9604740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a state of chronic low-level inflammation closely associated with oxidative stress. Childhood obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers individually. This study was aimed at determining the association between the biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in urine samples of healthy, overweight, and obese children. Eighty-eight elementary school children aged between 6 and 10 years participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements were measured using WHO recommendations. The biomarkers of low-grade inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP); oxidative stress markers such as 8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were analyzed in urine samples. The area under the curve (AUC) by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was analyzed to identify the best urinary biomarker in childhood obesity. Linear regression and Pearson correlation were analyzed to determine the association between the parameters. The obese participants have significantly increased levels of CRP, AGP, IL-6, and 8-isoprostane compared to normal-weight participants. The overweight participants had significantly increased levels of ET-1 and 8-OHdG but not the obese group compared to the NW group. The AUC for urinary CRP (AUC: 0.847, 95% CI: 0.765-0.930; p < 0.0001) and 8-isoprostane (AUC: 0.857, 95% CI: 0.783-0.932; p < 0.0001) showed a greater area under ROC curves compared to other inflammatory and oxidative markers. The urinary CRP and 8-isoprostane significantly correlated with the obesity measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to- height ratio) and ET-1, inflammatory, and oxidative markers. The increased urinary inflammatory markers and 8-isoprostane can serve as a noninvasive benchmark for early detection of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscilla Ayine
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Hospitality Management, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Moni Fadamiro
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Hospitality Management, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Hospitality Management, Auburn University, AL, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Hospitality Management, Auburn University, AL, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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167
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Jackson JK, Patterson AJ, MacDonald-Wicks LK, Oldmeadow C, McEvoy MA. The role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human evidence. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:348-371. [PMID: 29506204 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Depleted nitric oxide levels in the human body play a major role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Inorganic nitrate/nitrite (rich dietary sources include beetroot and spinach) can act as a nitric oxide donor because nitrate/nitrite can be metabolized to produce nitric oxide. Objective This review and meta-analysis sought to investigate the role of inorganic nitrate/nitrite in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease risk factors in humans. Data Sources Electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and Scopus, were searched. Data Extraction Experimental trials examining the effect of oral inorganic nitrate/nitrite intake on cardiovascular disease risk factors were included for systematic analysis. Results Thirty-four studies were included for qualitative synthesis, 23 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Included studies measured the following outcomes: blood pressure, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, platelet aggregation, and/or blood lipids. Inorganic nitrate intake was found to significantly reduce resting blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: -4.80 mmHg, P < 0.0001; diastolic blood pressure: -1.74 mmHg, P = 0.001), improve endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation: 0.59%, P < 0.0001), reduce arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity: -0.23 m/s, P < 0.0001; augmentation index: -2.1%, P = 0.05), and reduce platelet aggregation by 18.9% (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Inorganic nitrate consumption represents a simple strategy for targeting cardiovascular disease risk factors. Future studies investigating the long-term effects of inorganic nitrate on cardiovascular disease outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn K Jackson
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda J Patterson
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lesley K MacDonald-Wicks
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Clinical Research Design and Statistical Services, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark A McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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168
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Shi W, Zhou Y, Wang H, Sun Y, Chen Y. Synergistic interaction of hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia on chronic kidney disease: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999‐2006. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:1567-1577. [PMID: 31523928 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Shi
- Department of Cardiology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Department of Neurology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Cardiology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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169
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Alaaeddine R, Elkhatib MAW, Mroueh A, Fouad H, Saad EI, El-Sabban ME, Plane F, El-Yazbi AF. Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization Underlies Endothelial Dysfunction during Early Metabolic Challenge: Increased ROS Generation and Possible Interference with NO Function. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:567-582. [PMID: 31511364 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of diabetic vasculopathies. Although hyperglycemia is believed to be the culprit causing endothelial damage, the mechanism underlying early endothelial insult in prediabetes remains obscure. We used a nonobese high-calorie (HC)-fed rat model with hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and delayed development of hyperglycemia to unravel this mechanism. Compared with aortic rings from control rats, HC-fed rat rings displayed attenuated acetylcholine-mediated relaxation. While sensitive to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition, aortic relaxation in HC-rat tissues was not affected by blocking the inward-rectifier potassium (Kir) channels using BaCl2 Although Kir channel expression was reduced in HC-rat aorta, Kir expression, endothelium-dependent relaxation, and the BaCl2-sensitive component improved in HC rats treated with atorvastatin to reduce serum cholesterol. Remarkably, HC tissues demonstrated increased reactive species (ROS) in smooth muscle cells, which was reversed in rats receiving atorvastatin. In vitro ROS reduction, with superoxide dismutase, improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in HC-rat tissues. Significantly, connexin-43 expression increased in HC aortic tissues, possibly allowing ROS movement into the endothelium and reduction of eNOS activity. In this context, gap junction blockade with 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid reduced vascular tone in HC rat tissues but not in controls. This reduction was sensitive to NOS inhibition and SOD treatment, possibly as an outcome of reduced ROS influence, and emerged in BaCl2-treated control tissues. In conclusion, our results suggest that early metabolic challenge leads to reduced Kir-mediated endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization, increased vascular ROS potentially impairing NO synthesis and highlight these channels as a possible target for early intervention with vascular dysfunction in metabolic disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The present study examines early endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disease. Our results suggest that reduced inward-rectifier potassium channel function underlies a defective endothelium-mediated relaxation possibly through alteration of nitric oxide synthase activity. This study provides a possible mechanism for the augmentation of relatively small changes in one endothelium-mediated relaxation pathway to affect overall endothelial response and highlights the potential role of inward-rectifier potassium channel function as a therapeutic target to treat vascular dysfunction early in the course of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Alaaeddine
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.A., A.M., A.F.E.-Y.) and Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology (M.E.E.-S.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (M.A.W.E., H.F., E.I.S., A.F.E.-Y.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (F.P.)
| | - Mohammed A W Elkhatib
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.A., A.M., A.F.E.-Y.) and Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology (M.E.E.-S.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (M.A.W.E., H.F., E.I.S., A.F.E.-Y.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (F.P.)
| | - Ali Mroueh
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.A., A.M., A.F.E.-Y.) and Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology (M.E.E.-S.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (M.A.W.E., H.F., E.I.S., A.F.E.-Y.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (F.P.)
| | - Hosny Fouad
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.A., A.M., A.F.E.-Y.) and Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology (M.E.E.-S.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (M.A.W.E., H.F., E.I.S., A.F.E.-Y.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (F.P.)
| | - Evan I Saad
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.A., A.M., A.F.E.-Y.) and Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology (M.E.E.-S.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (M.A.W.E., H.F., E.I.S., A.F.E.-Y.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (F.P.)
| | - Marwan E El-Sabban
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.A., A.M., A.F.E.-Y.) and Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology (M.E.E.-S.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (M.A.W.E., H.F., E.I.S., A.F.E.-Y.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (F.P.)
| | - Frances Plane
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.A., A.M., A.F.E.-Y.) and Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology (M.E.E.-S.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (M.A.W.E., H.F., E.I.S., A.F.E.-Y.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (F.P.)
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.A., A.M., A.F.E.-Y.) and Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology (M.E.E.-S.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (M.A.W.E., H.F., E.I.S., A.F.E.-Y.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (F.P.)
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170
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Yuan W, Ma C, Zhou Y, Wang M, Zeng G, Huang Q. Negative regulation of eNOS-NO signaling by over-SUMOylation of PPARγ contributes to insulin resistance and dysfunction of vascular endothelium in rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 122-123:106597. [PMID: 31479752 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) plays important regulatory role in its transcriptional activity. Our recent studies in vitro found that over-SUMOylation of PPARγ, like high glucose and high fat (HG/HF), induced endothelial insulin resistance (IR). However, whether such an event occurs in rats remains unclear. Therefore, our study aimed at investigating whether PPARγ over-SUMOylation could mimic high sucrose/fat diet (HFD) to induce endothelial IR and dysfunction and explored its underlying mechanisms. Normal chow-fed rats were intravenously infected with adenoviruses carrying the wild type cDNAs encoding PPARγ, SUMO1 and PIAS1 (protein inhibitor of activated STAT1). HFD-fed rats were regarded as a positive control. Body physical and biochemical parameters, glucose tolerance and vessel function were detected. The expression and SUMOylation levels of PPARγ were measured by western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation. Our results showed that like HFD, PPARγ over-SUMOylation induced endothelial IR and dysfunction via a negative regulation of eNOS-NO pathway. More importantly, we found that PPARγ over-SUMOylation induced endogenous SUMOylation cascade and exacerbated endothelial IR and dysfunction.The findings will deepen the understanding on PPARγ SUMOylation-regulating insulin signaling network and offer a potential target for prevention and cure of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Cong Ma
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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171
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Gutowska K, Formanowicz D, Formanowicz P. Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets. Interdiscip Sci 2019; 11:373-386. [PMID: 30584644 PMCID: PMC6660494 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-018-0310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and hemostatic disturbances, affect formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. In our study, we have focused on hemostatic disturbances with particular emphasis on the extrinsic pathways of coagulation. Thrombin is a main enzyme of coagulation and it is engaged in many different subprocesses. It leads to activation of factors of the coagulation cascade, transition of fibrinogen to fibrin monomer, endothelial damage, inflammation, activation of platelets and proliferation. In our study, selected aspects of disorders in prothrombotic states influenced by cigarette smoke have been modeled and analyzed. Tobacco-induced increased tissue factor, which is associated with less plasminogen activator and increased plasminogen activator-1 inhibitor, has been included in the presented model. These disorders together with accompanying inflammatory state are closely related to thrombus formation and cardiovascular disease promotion. The proposed model has been built using Petri nets and the analysis has been based mainly on t-invariants. Using the Petri net theory to model and analyze the investigated phenomena allows to better understand them by revealing some interesting dependencies in the studied biological system. It explains how tobacco smoke affects the analyzed processes and how harmful these effects are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Gutowska
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Formanowicz
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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172
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Bordy R, Totoson P, Prati C, Marie C, Wendling D, Demougeot C. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 14:404-420. [PMID: 29855620 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The systemic autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) result from accelerated atherogenesis, which is a consequence of endothelial dysfunction in the early stages of the disease. Endothelial dysfunction is a functional and reversible alteration of endothelial cells and leads to a shift in the properties of the endothelium towards reduced vasodilation, a pro-inflammatory state, and proliferative and prothrombotic properties. In RA, endothelial dysfunction can occur in the large vessels (such as the conduit arteries) and in the small vessels of the microvasculature, which supply oxygen and nutrients to the tissue and control inflammation, repair and fluid exchange with the surrounding tissues. Growing evidence suggests that microvascular endothelial dysfunction contributes to CVD development, as it precedes and predicts the development of conduit artery atherosclerosis and associated risk factors. As such, numerous studies have investigated microvascular endothelial dysfunction in RA, including its link with disease activity, disease duration and inflammation, the effect of treatments on endothelial function, and possible circulating biomarkers of microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Such findings could have important implications in the cardiovascular risk management of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bordy
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Universitaire Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Universitaire Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Clément Prati
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Universitaire Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, F-25000, Besançon, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Besançon, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Christine Marie
- INSERM UMR1093 CAPS, Universitaire Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Besançon, F-25000, Besançon, France.,EA 4266, Universitaire Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Universitaire Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, F-25000, Besançon, France.
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173
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Khaddaj Mallat R, Mathew John C, Mishra RC, Kendrick DJ, Braun AP. Pharmacological Targeting of KCa Channels to Improve Endothelial Function in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143481. [PMID: 31315169 PMCID: PMC6678254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and is often associated with endothelial dysfunction. KCa2.3 and KCa3.1 channels are expressed in the vascular endothelium and contribute to stimulus-evoked vasodilation. We hypothesized that acute treatment with SKA-31, a selective activator of KCa2.x and KCa3.1 channels, would improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation and transiently lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) in male, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Isolated vascular preparations exhibited impaired vasodilation in response to bradykinin (i.e., endothelial dysfunction) compared with Wistar controls, which was associated with decreased bradykinin receptor expression in mesenteric arteries. In contrast, similar levels of endothelial KCa channel expression were observed, and SKA-31 evoked vasodilation was comparable in vascular preparations from both strains. Addition of a low concentration of SKA-31 (i.e., 0.2–0.3 μM) failed to augment bradykinin-induced vasodilation in arteries from SHRs. However, responses to acetylcholine were enhanced. Surprisingly, acute bolus administration of SKA-31 in vivo (30 mg/kg, i.p. injection) modestly elevated MAP compared with vehicle injection. In summary, pharmacological targeting of endothelial KCa channels in SHRs did not readily reverse endothelial dysfunction in situ, or lower MAP in vivo. SHRs thus appear to be less responsive to endothelial KCa channel activators, which may be related to their vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Khaddaj Mallat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Cini Mathew John
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ramesh C Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dylan J Kendrick
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Andrew P Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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174
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Fabrication of chitosan/heparinized graphene oxide multilayer coating to improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium alloys. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109947. [PMID: 31499970 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to its good biodegradability and mechanical properties, magnesium alloys are considered as the ideal candidate for the cardiovascular stents. However, the rapid degradation in human physiological environment and the poor biocompatibility seriously limit its application for biomaterials. In the present study, a chitosan/heparinized graphene oxide (Chi/HGO) multilayer coating was constructed on the AZ31B magnesium alloy surface using layer-by-layer (LBL) method to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The results of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectrum (RAMAN), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that a dense and compact Chi/HGO multilayer coating was fabricated on the magnesium alloy surface. The results of potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), pH value changes and magnesium ion release suggested that the multilayer coating can significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy. Moreover, the Chi/HGO multilayer coating could not only significantly reduce the hemolysis rate and platelet adhesion, but also promote the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells. Therefore, the Chi/HGO multilayer coating can simultaneously improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the magnesium alloys.
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175
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Schwenger KJP, Arendt BM, Smieja M, Ma DWL, Smaill F, Allard JP. Relationships between Atherosclerosis and Plasma Antioxidant Micronutrients or Red Blood Cell Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in People Living with HIV. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061292. [PMID: 31181624 PMCID: PMC6628155 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (PLWH) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Diet-related factors may contribute. The aim of this pilot study was to determine, in PLWH, the relationship between atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and (A) plasma antioxidant micronutrients and oxidative stress or (B) red blood cell polyunsaturated fatty acids (RBC PUFA), particularly long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). Methods: (A) In a cross-sectional study, subjects had CIMT evaluated by high resolution carotid artery ultrasound. Plasma was collected for vitamin C, measured by spectrophotometry; and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, retinol, and malondialdehyde—a marker of oxidative stress—using high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry. (B) In a prospective cohort study, other subjects had RBC PUFA measured at baseline, using gas chromatography, and CIMT assessed at baseline and repeated after 2 years. Clinical data was also collected. Results: (A) 91 PLWH participated. Only alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels were positively correlated with CIMT. In a multivariate analysis, age and systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with CIMT with gamma-tocopherol near significance (p = 0.053). (B) 69 PLWH participated. At baseline, docosahexaenoic acid (n-3 PUFA) and the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA) were significantly and negatively correlated with CIMT. However, a multivariate analysis failed to detect a significant relationship either at baseline or 2 years after. Conclusion: In addition to age and systolic blood pressure, atherosclerosis assessed by CIMT might be associated with higher serum gamma-tocopherol levels. There was a non-significant association between CIMT and RBC n-3 PUFA or the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J P Schwenger
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
| | - Bianca M Arendt
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
| | - Marek Smieja
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Fiona Smaill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Johane P Allard
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
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176
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Gao S, Li S, Li Q, Zhang F, Sun M, Wan Z, Wang S. Protective effects of salvianolic acid B against hydrogen peroxide‑induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and underlying mechanisms. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:457-468. [PMID: 31173197 PMCID: PMC6605496 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is a water-soluble active component of Danshen and has anti-atherosclerotic effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytoprotective effects of Sal B against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and investigate the underlying mechanisms. It was revealed that Sal B protected the cells from H2O2-induced damage, as indicated by MTT results showing enhanced cell viability and by flow cytometric analysis showing reduced apoptosis of cells challenged with H2O2. Furthermore, as an underlying mechanism, the enhancement of autophagy was indicated to be accountable for the decrease in apoptosis, as Sal B caused the upregulation of light chain 3-II and Beclin-1, and downregulation of p62 under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Finally, Sal B increased the phosphorylation of AMP kinase (AMPK) and decreased the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), but had no effect on the phosphorylation of AKT. In conclusion, the present study revealed that Sal B protects HUVECs from oxidative stress, at least partially by promoting autophagy via activation of the AMPK pathway and downregulation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shiqin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Infectious Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fuyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zilin Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Machalińska A, Kawa MP, Babiak K, Sobuś A, Grabowicz A, Lejkowska R, Kazimierczak A, Rynio P, Safranow K, Wilk G, Gutowski P, Machaliński B. Retinal vessel dynamic functionality in the eyes of asymptomatic patients with significant internal carotid artery stenosis. INT ANGIOL 2019; 38:230-238. [PMID: 31112024 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-9590.19.04112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to assess the retinal microvascular function in asymptomatic patients with hemodynamically significant internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) and to assess the potential efficacy of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the improvement of vessel functionality. METHODS Retinal vessel caliber and reactions to flicker stimulation were assessed in both eyes of 65 asymptomatic patients with unilateral hemodynamically significant ICAS and 34 healthy subjects. Subsequently, the recruited ICAS patients were referred for standard unilateral CEA procedure. The full ophthalmologic examination of both eyes and vessel analysis were performed 1 day before and 3 months after CEA. RESULTS The venous responses to flicker stimulation were significantly lower in the EIS (eyes ipsilateral to stenosis) and ECS (eyes contralateral to stenosis) compared with those in the controls (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively). No changes were identified in retinal vascular flicker responses after CEA in both groups of eyes compared with the baseline values. We observed a decrease in CRVE (central retinal venular equivalent) after the CEA both in eyes ipsilateral (P=0.01) and contralateral (P=0.04) to CEA. Likewise, a decrease in CRAE (central retinal arteriolar equivalent) was identified in the eyes ipsilateral to CEA (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This outcome strongly indicates that microvascular dysfunction is long-lasting despite the recovery of the flow in the carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Machalińska
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland -
| | - Miłosz P Kawa
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Babiak
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Sobuś
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Grabowicz
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Renata Lejkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kazimierczak
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Rynio
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilk
- Department of General and Dental Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Gutowski
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Zhu K, Bao R, Meng Y, Bian J, Wan X, Yang T. Effects of CXCL4/CXCR3 on the lipopolysaccharide‐induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22378-22385. [PMID: 31073998 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Faculty of Anesthesiology Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Kaimin Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit Shanghai General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Force China
| | - Rui Bao
- Faculty of Anesthesiology Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Yan Meng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Jinjun Bian
- Faculty of Anesthesiology Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaojian Wan
- Faculty of Anesthesiology Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Tao Yang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai China
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179
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Tajik B, Tuomainen TP, Kurl S, Salonen J, Virtanen JK. Serum long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, hair mercury and exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in men. Heart 2019; 105:1395-1401. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-314755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveLong-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish have been inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Fish may also contain methylmercury, which has been associated with higher CHD risk and may diminish the cardioprotective effect of long-chain omega-3 PUFA. We investigated the associations of serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA and hair mercury with the odds for myocardial ischaemia during exercise.MethodsA total of 2199 men from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, aged 42–60 years were studied in 1984–89. Of the 2199 men, 342 had history of CHD. The men performed a maximal symptom-limited exercise stress test using an electrically braked bicycle ergometer. ORs for exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia were estimated with logistic regression.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis, those in the highest versus lowest serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA quartile had 33% lower odds of myocardial ischaemia (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.87, p-trend=0.006). The association was stronger among those with CHD history (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.39, p-trend <0.001), than among those without (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.12, p-trend=0.17) (p-interaction=0.01). Higher hair mercury concentration was associated with increased odds for myocardial ischaemia in the entire population (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.14, p-trend=0.002).ConclusionHigher circulating concentrations of the long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, a marker for fish consumption, were associated with lower occurrence of exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia, but only among men with CHD history. Hair mercury concentration was directly associated with the occurrence of exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in the entire study population.
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180
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Ursini F, Ruscitti P, Caio GPI, Manfredini R, Giacomelli R, De Giorgio R. The effect of non-TNF-targeted biologics on vascular dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:501-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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181
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Wang D, Zhang S, Tang H, Jiang C, Wang B, Liu J. Development of sustained-release pellets to modulate the in vivo processes of the main active components of Danshen: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152793. [PMID: 31005724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danshen is a first-line traditional Chinese medicine derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge consisting mainly of tanshinone IIA, tanshinol, protocatechuic aldehyde, and salvianolic acid B, it is widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases based on the synergistic effect of its multiple active components. Recent studies have indicated that the overall effect of traditional Chinese medicine is closely related to the in vivo coexistence of a variety of active components. HYPOTHESIS The prolongation of the coexistence of the four active components in Danshen in vivo by regulating their pharmacokinetic processes may contribute to better efficiency. METHODS/STUDY DESIGNS Individual sustained-release pellets of the four main active components in Danshen were respectively prepared according to the optimised formulations developed in our previous studies to modulate their in vivo processes, in which the desired release profiles of each kind of sustained-release pellets for formulation optimisation were calculated based on the point-area deconvolution and circadian rhythm of variant angina. The four kinds of sustained-release pellets were filled into capsules on the basis of the original weight ratio of the four active components in purified Salvia miltiorrhiza extract for further in vitro release and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations. RESULTS The release behaviours of the combined Danshen capsules composed of the four kinds of sustained-release pellets were evaluated in three media with different pH levels (pH 1.2, 6.8, and pure water). The release profiles of each kind of sustained-release pellets in pH 6.8 PBS and pH 1.2 HCl were similar to the release profile of those in pure water (similarity factors f2 > 50). Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the four kinds of sustained-release pellets in the combined Danshen capsules possessed the same Tmax and similar and extended MRT. Moreover, pharmacodynamic studies indicated that the combined Danshen capsules had much better anti-angina effects than commercial Danshen capsules according to comprehensive evaluations via electrocardiogram, serum index (CK-MB, cTn-I, ET, and NO), myocardial oxidative damage, and myocardial pathologic biopsy. CONCLUSION Sustained-release preparations can markedly prolong the in vivo coexistence of multiple components in Danshen to enhance their overall effects, which provides a potent strategy for developing the combination therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | | | - Han Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Bingwei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Fortini F, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Caliceti C, Lambertini E, Pannuti A, Peiffer DS, Balla C, Rizzo P. Estrogen-mediated protection against coronary heart disease: The role of the Notch pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:87-100. [PMID: 30817989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen regulates a plethora of biological processes, under physiological and pathological conditions, by affecting key pathways involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, fate, survival and metabolism. The Notch receptors are mediators of communication between adjacent cells and are key determinants of cell fate during development and in postnatal life. Crosstalk between estrogen and the Notch pathway intervenes in many processes underlying the development and maintenance of the cardiovascular system. The identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between these types of endocrine and juxtacrine signaling are leading to a deeper understanding of physiological conditions regulated by these steroid hormones and, potentially, to novel therapeutic approaches to prevent pathologies linked to reduced levels of estrogen, such as coronary heart disease, and cardiotoxicity caused by hormone therapy for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannuti
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Daniel S Peiffer
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Balla
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, RA, Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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183
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Bedenbender K, Scheller N, Fischer S, Leiting S, Preissner KT, Schmeck BT, Vollmeister E. Inflammation-mediated deacetylation of the ribonuclease 1 promoter via histone deacetylase 2 in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:9017-9029. [PMID: 31039328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900451r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease 1 (RNase1) is a circulating extracellular endonuclease that regulates the vascular homeostasis of extracellular RNA and acts as a vessel- and tissue-protective enzyme. Upon long-term inflammation, high amounts of proinflammatory cytokines affect endothelial cell (EC) function by down-regulation of RNase1. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of RNase1 upon inflammation in HUVECs. TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation reduced the expression of RNase1 relative to the acetylation state of histone 3 at lysine 27 and histone 4 of the RNASE1 promoter. Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1, 2, and 3 by the specific class I HDAC inhibitor MS275 abolished the TNF-α- or IL-1β-mediated effect on the mRNA and chromatin levels of RNase1. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation kinetics revealed that HDAC2 accumulates at the RNASE1 promoter upon TNF-α stimulation, indicating an essential role for HDAC2 in regulating RNase1 expression. Thus, proinflammatory stimulation induced recruitment of HDAC2 to attenuate histone acetylation at the RNASE1 promoter site. Consequently, treatment with HDAC inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic strategy to stabilize vascular homeostasis in the context of inflammation by preventing RNase1 down-regulation in ECs.-Bedenbender, K., Scheller, N., Fischer, S., Leiting, S., Preissner, K. T., Schmeck, B. T., Vollmeister, E. Inflammation-mediated deacetylation of the ribonuclease 1 promoter via histone deacetylase 2 in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bedenbender
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Scheller
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silke Leiting
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd T Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Vollmeister
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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184
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Paoletti E, Citterio F, Corsini A, Potena L, Rigotti P, Sandrini S, Bussalino E, Stallone G. Everolimus in kidney transplant recipients at high cardiovascular risk: a narrative review. J Nephrol 2019; 33:69-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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185
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da Costa RM, Rodrigues D, Pereira CA, Silva JF, Alves JV, Lobato NS, Tostes RC. Nrf2 as a Potential Mediator of Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:382. [PMID: 31031630 PMCID: PMC6473049 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals act as secondary messengers, modulating a number of important biological processes, including gene expression, ion mobilization in transport systems, protein interactions and enzymatic functions, cell growth, cell cycle, redox homeostasis, among others. In the cardiovascular system, the physiological generation of free radicals ensures the integrity and function of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and adjacent smooth muscle cells. In physiological conditions, there is a balance between free radicals generation and the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Redox imbalance, caused by increased free radical's production and/or reduced antioxidant defense, plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, contributing to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, hypertrophy and hypercontractility of vascular smooth muscle. Excessive production of oxidizing agents in detriment of antioxidant defenses in the cardiovascular system has been described in obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), a major regulator of antioxidant and cellular protective genes, is primarily activated in response to oxidative stress. Under physiological conditions, Nrf2 is constitutively expressed in the cytoplasm of cells and is usually associated with Keap-1, a repressor protein. This association maintains low levels of free Nrf2. Stressors, such as free radicals, favor the translocation of Nrf2 to the cell nucleus. The accumulation of nuclear Nrf2 allows the binding of this protein to the antioxidant response element of genes that code antioxidant proteins. Although little information on the role of Nrf2 in the cardiovascular system is available, growing evidence indicates that decreased Nrf2 activity contributes to oxidative stress, favoring the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders found in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. The present mini-review will provide a comprehensive overview of the role of Nrf2 as a contributing factor to cardiovascular risk in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila A Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane F Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Núbia S Lobato
- Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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186
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El-Menoufy MA, El-Kak AEAA, Ahmed MA. Unusual CD4+CD28− T lymphocyte subset is implicated in the pathogenesis of early atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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187
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De Lorenzis E, Gremese E, Bosello S, Nurmohamed MT, Sinagra G, Ferraccioli G. Microvascular heart involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases: The purinergic pathway and therapeutic insights from the biology of the diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:317-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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188
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Esse R, Barroso M, Tavares de Almeida I, Castro R. The Contribution of Homocysteine Metabolism Disruption to Endothelial Dysfunction: State-of-the-Art. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E867. [PMID: 30781581 PMCID: PMC6412520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid formed during the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine. Hcy is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the molecular basis of these associations remains elusive. The impairment of endothelial function, a key initial event in the setting of atherosclerosis and CVD, is recurrently observed in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Various observations may explain the vascular toxicity associated with HHcy. For instance, Hcy interferes with the production of nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous master regulator of endothelial homeostasis. Moreover, Hcy deregulates the signaling pathways associated with another essential endothelial gasotransmitter: hydrogen sulfide. Hcy also mediates the loss of critical endothelial antioxidant systems and increases the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) yielding oxidative stress. ROS disturb lipoprotein metabolism, contributing to the growth of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Moreover, excess Hcy maybe be indirectly incorporated into proteins, a process referred to as protein N-homocysteinylation, inducing vascular damage. Lastly, cellular hypomethylation caused by build-up of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) also contributes to the molecular basis of Hcy-induced vascular toxicity, a mechanism that has merited our attention in particular. AdoHcy is the metabolic precursor of Hcy, which accumulates in the setting of HHcy and is a negative regulator of most cell methyltransferases. In this review, we examine the biosynthesis and catabolism of Hcy and critically revise recent findings linking disruption of this metabolism and endothelial dysfunction, emphasizing the impact of HHcy on endothelial cell methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Esse
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Madalena Barroso
- University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Castro
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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189
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Zhao Y, Dong Y, Wang J, Sheng L, Chai Q, Zhang H, Liu Z. Longitudinal association of carotid endothelial shear stress with renal function decline in aging adults with normal renal function: A population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2051. [PMID: 30765747 PMCID: PMC6376032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between carotid wall shear stress (WSS) and renal function impairment (RFI) and albuminuria in aging adults. A total of 1,447 subjects aged 60 years and older with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR ≥ 60 mL·min-1·1.72 m-2) and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR < 30 mg·g-1) were enrolled between April 2007 and October 2009 in the Shandong area, China. Carotid WSS was assessed at baseline, and eGFR, which is based on serum creatinine and cystatin C, and ACR were assessed at baseline and at the annual follow-up visits. After an average of 62.9 months of follow-up, the reduction in eGFR and the increase in ACR were significantly higher in the Q1+2+3 group than the Q4 group, as classified by either the interquartile of the mean WSS or the interquartile of the peak WSS after adjustment for multi-variabilities, including the average blood pressures at every annual visit and baseline eGFR and ACR. For groups classified by mean WSS, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 3.45 (1.36-8.75, p = 0.008) in the incident RFI and 3.24 3.22 (1.37-7.57, p = 0.009) in the incident albuminuria for the Q1+2+3 group compared with the Q4 group. Similar results were observed among groups classified by peak WSS. The Q1+2+3 group was associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation with respect to the Q4 group as classified by mean or peak WSS. The results indicate that carotid WSS plays an important role in RFI and albuminuria progression in aging adults. Lower WSS was associated with a higher risk of RFI and albuminuria compared with higher WSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhao
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Yuanli Dong
- Department of Community, Lanshan District People Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276002, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Lin Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Qiang Chai
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China.
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190
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Koulouri V, Koutsilieris M, Mavragani CP. B cells and atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:417-429. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1571411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Koulouri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P. Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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191
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Feng SJ, Tang ZH, Wang Y, Tang XY, Li TH, Tang W, Kuang ZM. Potential protective effects of red yeast rice in endothelial function against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:50-58. [PMID: 30704624 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the deadliest disease in the world, with endothelial injury occurring throughout the course of the disease. Therefore, improvement in endothelial function is of essential importance in the prevention of ASCVD. Red yeast rice (RYR), a healthy traditional Chinese food, has a lipid modulation function and also plays a vital role in the improvement of endothelial reactivity and cardiovascular protection; thus, it is significant in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of RYR and its related products in the improvement of endothelial function in terms of endothelial reactivity, anti-apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells, oxidative stress alleviation and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xin-Ying Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Tao-Hua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Class 2014, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ze-Min Kuang
- Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
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192
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Smolders VF, Zodda E, Quax PHA, Carini M, Barberà JA, Thomson TM, Tura-Ceide O, Cascante M. Metabolic Alterations in Cardiopulmonary Vascular Dysfunction. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 5:120. [PMID: 30723719 PMCID: PMC6349769 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. CVD comprise a range of diseases affecting the functionality of the heart and blood vessels, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Despite their different causative mechanisms, both AMI and PH involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels, hypoxia, and tissue infarction. The endothelium plays a pivotal role in the development of CVD. Disruption of the normal homeostasis of endothelia, alterations in the blood vessel structure, and abnormal functionality are essential factors in the onset and progression of both AMI and PH. An emerging theory proposes that pathological blood vessel responses and endothelial dysfunction develop as a result of an abnormal endothelial metabolism. It has been suggested that, in CVD, endothelial cell metabolism switches to higher glycolysis, rather than oxidative phosphorylation, as the main source of ATP, a process designated as the Warburg effect. The evidence of these alterations suggests that understanding endothelial metabolism and mitochondrial function may be central to unveiling fundamental mechanisms underlying cardiovascular pathogenesis and to identifying novel critical metabolic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we review the role of the endothelium in the regulation of vascular homeostasis and we detail key aspects of endothelial cell metabolism. We also describe recent findings concerning metabolic endothelial cell alterations in acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary hypertension, their relationship with disease pathogenesis and we discuss the future potential of pharmacological modulation of cellular metabolism in the treatment of cardiopulmonary vascular dysfunction. Although targeting endothelial cell metabolism is still in its infancy, it is a promising strategy to restore normal endothelial functions and thus forestall or revert the development of CVD in personalized multi-hit interventions at the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Françoise Smolders
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Erika Zodda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy M. Thomson
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona, National Research Council (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
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193
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Kakoly NS, Moran LJ, Teede HJ, Joham AE. Cardiometabolic risks in PCOS: a review of the current state of knowledge. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:23-33. [PMID: 30556433 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1556094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting up to 18% women of reproductive age. It is associated with a range of metabolic, reproductive, and psychological features. Current evidence indicates a role of PCOS in the development of metabolic and increased cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) with implications for compromised cardiovascular endpoint disease, which may have a considerable impact on health and health care costs. AREAS COVERED Existing studies examining long-term cardiometabolic health in PCOS are heterogeneous with inconsistent findings. In the current review, we aim to explore and critically review retrospective, prospective, meta-analysis and review articles relating to PCOS on cardiometabolic risk factors and clinical consequences to summarize the evidence, note evidence gaps, and suggest implications for future research. EXPERT COMMENTARY Although there is an established association between PCOS and metabolic health, implications on cardiac health are more uncertain with associations observed for CVRF and subclinical disease, yet limited and conflicting data on actual cardiovascular endpoints. There is a lack of population-based long-term studies examining cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in PCOS with a need for further research to progress toward a better understanding of the long-term cardiometabolic impacts in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Kakoly
- a Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - L J Moran
- a Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - H J Teede
- a Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
- b Endocrine and Diabetes Units , Monash Health , Clayton , Australia
- c Monash Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A E Joham
- a Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
- b Endocrine and Diabetes Units , Monash Health , Clayton , Australia
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194
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The Effects of Flavonoids on Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Human Intervention Trials and Implications for Cerebrovascular Function. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121852. [PMID: 30513729 PMCID: PMC6315948 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has suggested a number of beneficial effects arising from the consumption of dietary flavonoids, found in foods such as cocoa, apples, tea, citrus fruits and berries on cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction. These effects are thought to have a significant impact upon both vascular and cerebrovascular health, ultimately with the potential to prevent cardiovascular and potentially neurodegenerative disease with a vascular component, for example vascular dementia. This review explores the current evidence for the effects of flavonoid supplementation on human endothelial function and both peripheral and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Evidence presented includes their potential to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, as well as increasing peripheral blood perfusion and promoting CBF in both healthy and at-risk populations. However, there is great variation in the literature due to the heterogeneous nature of the randomised controlled trials conducted. As such, there is a clear need for further research and understanding within this area in order to maximise potential health benefits.
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195
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Zhaolin Z, Jiaojiao C, Peng W, Yami L, Tingting Z, Jun T, Shiyuan W, Jinyan X, Dangheng W, Zhisheng J, Zuo W. OxLDL induces vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis through miR-125a-5p/TET2 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7475-7491. [PMID: 30370524 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis participates in the formation and development of atherosclerosis (As) by promoting inflammatory factor release and is closely related to the stability of atherosclerotic plaque. MicroRNAs can regulate the expression of target genes at the posttranscriptional level. Previous studies have shown that miR-125a-5p increases in hyperlipidemic-hyperglycemic conditions and is involved in apoptosis, but its specific role in pyroptosis and As remains unclear. We propose that miR-125a-5p may be implicated in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced vascular endothelial cells (VECs) pyroptosis and therefore conducted the current study. We observed that miR-125a-5p can inhibit tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) expression at the posttranscription level, resulting in abnormal DNA methylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased reactive oxygen species production, activated nuclear factor-κB that induces activation of inflammasome and maturation, release of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis. Given the role of VECs in vascular physiology, oxLDL-induced VEC pyroptosis may promote the development of As. Our current study reveals a novel pathway associated with pyroptosis program regulation, which comprises miR-125a-5p and TET2 in VECs. Modulation of their expression levels may serve as a potential target for therapeutic strategies of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Zhaolin
- Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chen Jiaojiao
- Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wu Peng
- Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,YueYang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Cooperative Innovation Base of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Yami
- Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhang Tingting
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Jun
- Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wu Shiyuan
- YueYang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Cooperative Innovation Base of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Jinyan
- YueYang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Cooperative Innovation Base of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Dangheng
- Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,YueYang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Cooperative Innovation Base of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Zhisheng
- Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wang Zuo
- Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,YueYang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Cooperative Innovation Base of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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196
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Yang S, Liu L, Meng L, Hu X. Capsaicin is beneficial to hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis in Guinea pigs fed on a high-fat diet. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 297:1-7. [PMID: 30342015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as some benefits on the cardiovascular system. The exact effects of capsaicin on atherosclerosis are poorly understood. To investigate the effects of capsaicin on hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in guinea pigs fed on a high-fat diet, as well as its potential mechanisms. Guinea pigs (n = 48) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8/group): normal diet (control); high fat diet (model); model + low-dose capsaicin (2.5 mg/kg); model + moderate-dose capsaicin (5 mg/kg); model + high-dose capsaicin (10 mg/kg), and model + simvastatin (1.5 mg/kg) (positive control). After 14 weeks, serum lipids, apolipoprotein B100, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin-1 were measured. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were histologically examined. eNOS and iNOS were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The model group developed severe dyslipidemia and associated histologic changes and endothelial dysfunction. All doses of capsaicin decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B-100, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.05). Capsaicin alleviated the plaque area (-17.9-70.5%), plaque area to intima ratio (-18.0-73.6%), and intima thickness (-20.5-83.6%) (all P < 0.05). Capsaicin decreased MDA (-45.5-76.1%), ET-1 (-19.6-51.6%), and average gray value (AGV) of eNOS (-10.9-48.8%), and increased SOD activity (+31.7-76.1%), NO (+11.2-36.8%), and AGV of iNOS (+6.8-+93.0%) (all P < 0.05). Similar changes were observed with simvastatin. Capsaicin is beneficial to hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in guinea pigs fed on a high-fat diet. Reduced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction were involved in these benefits. This could represent a novel approach to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Yang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Like Meng
- School of Principle Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xuanyi Hu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
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197
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Ďurfinová M, Procházková Ľ, Petrleničová D, Bystrická Z, Orešanská K, Kuračka Ľ, Líška B. Cholesterol level correlate with disability score in patients with relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 2018; 687:304-307. [PMID: 30339921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by demyelination. There are many environmental factors that can affect the progression of this disease. It is necessary to better understand the impact of these factors in MS pathogenesis and progression. OBJECTIVE Present study investigates the relationship of total cholesterol serum levels and other parameters contributing to cardiovascular risk - homocysteine and serum lipid parameters (triglycerides, HDL, LDL) - with the progression of MS (EDSS score). METHODS The study involved 169 patients diagnosed with MS. Total homocysteine levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum lipid parameters were measured with enzymatic kits. RESULTS There was no difference observed between homocysteine levels in MS patients and controls. Dyslipidaemia seems to be associated with MS progression, particularly in women with relapsing-remitting form of MS. CONCLUSION Positive correlation of total and LDL cholesterol with disability score in patients with relapsing-remitting form of MS suggests that lipid parameters could have a negative effect on the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ďurfinová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, SK-81108 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ľ Procházková
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbová 5, SK-83305 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Petrleničová
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbová 5, SK-83305 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Z Bystrická
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, SK-81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K Orešanská
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, SK-81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľ Kuračka
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, SK-81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - B Líška
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, SK-81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
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198
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Ung TT, Nguyen TT, Lian S, Li S, Xia Y, Kim NH, Jung YD. Nicotine stimulates IL‐6 expression by activating the AP‐1 and STAT‐3 pathways in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5531-5541. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trong Thuan Ung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shinan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Urology New York University School of Medicine New York New York
| | - Nam Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Republic of Korea
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199
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Amir M, Hassanein SI, Abdel Rahman MF, Gad MZ. AGXT2 and DDAH-1 genetic variants are highly correlated with serum ADMA and SDMA levels and with incidence of coronary artery disease in Egyptians. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2411-2419. [PMID: 30284143 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine aminodehydrolase (DDAH1) and alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase2 (AGXT2) are two enzymes that contribute in asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) metabolism. Hence they affect production and bioavailability of eNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) and consequently healthy blood vessels. The major aims of the current study were to investigate the association of genetic variants of AGXT2 rs37369, AGXT2 rs16899974 and DDAH1 rs997251 SNPs with incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Egyptians and to correlate these variants with the serum levels of ADMA and SDMA. The study included 150 subjects; 100 CAD patients and 50 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by qPCR while the ADMA and SDMA concentrations were assayed by ELISA. Both serum ADMA and SDMA concentrations were significantly higher in CAD patients compared to controls (both p < 0.0001). Genotype distributions for all studied SNPs were significantly different between CAD patients and controls. Carriers of AGXT2 rs37369-T allele (CT + TT genotypes) and AGXT2 rs16899974-A allele (CA + AA genotypes) had 2.4- and 2.08-fold higher risk of having CAD than CC genotype in both SNPs (p = 0.0050 and 0.0192, respectively). DDAH1 rs997251 TC + CC genotypes were associated with 2.3-fold higher risk of CAD than TT genotype (p = 0.0063). Moreover, the AGXT2 rs37369 TT and AGXT2 rs16899974 AA genotypes were associated with the highest serum ADMA and SDMA while DDAH1 rs997251 CC genotype was associated with the highest ADMA. AGXT2 rs37369-T, AGXT2 rs16899974-A, and DDAH1 rs997251-C alleles represent independent risk factors for CAD in the Egyptians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Amir
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Main Entrance El-Tagamoa El-Khames, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally I Hassanein
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Main Entrance El-Tagamoa El-Khames, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Abdel Rahman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Gad
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Main Entrance El-Tagamoa El-Khames, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
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200
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Interactions between the Cyclooxygenase Metabolic Pathway and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Systems: Their Effect on Cardiovascular Risk, from Theory to the Clinical Practice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7902081. [PMID: 30386795 PMCID: PMC6189683 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7902081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke are the most common and serious long-term complications of hypertension. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) significantly reduces their incidence and cardiovascular mortality. The RAAS activation plays an important role in pathogenesis of CVD, resulting in increased vascular resistance, proliferation of vascular-smooth-muscle-cells, and cardiac hypertrophy. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular events in population with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The cyclooxygenase inhibitors limit the beneficial effect of RAAS-inhibitors, which in turn may be important in subjects with hypertension, CAD, and congestive heart failure. These observations apply to most of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and ASA at high doses. Nevertheless, there is no strong evidence confirming presence of similar effects of cardioprotective ASA doses. The benefit of combined therapy with low-doses of ASA is-in some cases-significantly higher than that of monotherapy. So far, the significance of ASA in optimizing the pharmacotherapy remains not fully established. A better understanding of its influence on the particular CVD should contribute to more precise identification of patients in whom benefits of ASA outweigh the complication risk. This brief review summarizes the data regarding usefulness and safety of the ASA combination with drugs acting directly on the RAAS.
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