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Alves JV, da Costa RM, Awata WMC, Bruder-Nascimento A, Singh S, Tostes RC, Bruder-Nascimento T. NADPH oxidase 4-derived hydrogen peroxide counterbalances testosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction and migration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024. [PMID: 38690939 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00365.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of testosterone (Testo) are associated with cardiovascular risk by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are the major source of ROS in the vasculature in cardiovascular diseases. NOX4 is a unique isotype, which produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and its participation in cardiovascular biology is controversial. So far, it is unclear whether NOX4 protects from Testo-induced endothelial injury. Thus, we hypothesized that supraphysiological levels of Testo induce endothelial NOX4 expression to attenuate endothelial injury. METHODS Human Mesenteric Vascular Endothelial Cells (HMEC) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) were treated with Testo (10-7 M) with or without a NOX4 inhibitor [GLX351322 (10-4 M)] or NOX4 siRNA. In vivo, 10-week-old C57Bl/6J male mice were treated with Testo (10 mg/kg) for 30 days to study endothelial function. RESULTS Testo increased mRNA and protein levels of NOX4 in HMEC and HUVEC. Testo increased superoxide anion (O2-) and H2O2 production, which were abolished by NOX1 and NOX4 inhibition, respectively. Testo also attenuated bradykinin-induced NO production, which was further impaired by NOX4 inhibition. In vivo, Testo decreased H2O2 production in aortic segments and triggered endothelial dysfunction [decreased relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh)], which was further impaired by GLX351322 and by a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic (EUK134). Finally, Testo led to a dysregulated endothelial cells migration, which was exacerbated by GLX351322. CONCLUSION These data indicate that supraphysiological levels of Testo increase the endothelial expression and activity of NOX4 to counterbalance the deleterious effects caused by Testo in endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo; Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Costa RM, Cerqueira DM, Francis L, Bruder-Nascimento A, Alves JV, Sims-Lucas S, Ho J, Bruder-Nascimento T. In utero exposure to maternal diabetes exacerbates dietary sodium intake-induced endothelial dysfunction by activating cyclooxygenase 2-derived prostanoids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E555-E566. [PMID: 38446637 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00009.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes has been recognized as a significant cardiovascular risk factor, increasing the susceptibility to the emergence of conditions such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and heart disease in later stages of life. However, it is unclear if offspring exposed to diabetes in utero have worse vascular outcomes on a high-salt (HS) diet. To test the hypothesis that in utero exposure to maternal diabetes predisposes to HS-induced vascular dysfunction, we treated adult male wild-type offspring (DM_Exp, 6 mo old) of diabetic Ins2+/C96Y mice (Akita mice) with HS (8% sodium chloride, 10 days) and analyzed endothelial function via wire myograph and cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostanoids pathway by ELISA, quantitative PCR, and immunochemistry. On a regular diet, DM_Exp mice did not manifest any vascular dysfunction, remodeling, or inflammation. However, HS increased aortic contractility to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction (analyzed by acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation), vascular hydrogen peroxide production, COX2 expression, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) overproduction. Interestingly, ex vivo antioxidant treatment (tempol) or COX1/2 (indomethacin) or COX2 (NS398) inhibitors improved or reverted the endothelial dysfunction in DM_Exp mice fed a HS diet. Finally, DM_Exp mice fed with HS exhibited greater circulating cytokines and chemokines accompanied by vascular inflammation. In summary, our findings indicate that prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes predisposes to HS-induced vascular dysfunction, primarily through the induction of oxidative stress and the generation of COX2-derived PGE2. This supports the concept that in utero exposure to maternal diabetes is a cardiovascular risk factor in adulthood.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a unique mouse model of prenatal exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes, our study demonstrates the novel observation that prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes results in a predisposition to high-salt (HS) dietary-induced vascular dysfunction and inflammation in adulthood. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that in utero exposure to maternal diabetes and HS intake induces vascular oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandin E2, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Débora Malta Cerqueira
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Nephrology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lydia Francis
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Nephrology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Nephrology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Nephrology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Costa RM, Cerqueira DM, Bruder-Nascimento A, Alves JV, Awata WMC, Singh S, Kufner A, Prado DS, Johny E, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Hawse WF, Dutta P, Pagano PJ, Ho J, Bruder-Nascimento T. Role of the CCL5 and Its Receptor, CCR5, in the Genesis of Aldosterone-Induced Hypertension, Vascular Dysfunction, and End-Organ Damage. Hypertension 2024; 81:776-786. [PMID: 38240165 PMCID: PMC10954408 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldosterone has been described to initiate cardiovascular diseases by triggering exacerbated sterile vascular inflammation. The functions of CCL5 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 5) and its receptor CCR5 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 5) are well known in infectious diseases, their contributions to aldosterone-induced vascular injury and hypertension remain unknown. METHODS We analyzed the vascular profile, blood pressure, and renal damage in wild-type (CCR5+/+) and CCR5 knockout (CCR5-/-) mice treated with aldosterone (600 µg/kg per day for 14 days) while receiving 1% saline to drink. Vascular function was analyzed in aorta and mesenteric arteries, blood pressure was measured by telemetry and renal injury and inflammation were analyzed via histology and flow cytometry. Endothelial cells were used to study the molecular signaling whereby CCL5 induces endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS Aldosterone treatment resulted in exaggerated CCL5 circulating levels and vascular CCR5 expression in CCR5+/+ mice accompanied by endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and renal inflammation and damage. CCR5-/- mice were protected from these aldosterone-induced effects. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CCL5 increased NOX1 (NADPH oxidase 1) expression, reactive oxygen species formation, NFκB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation, and inflammation and reduced NO production in isolated endothelial cells. These effects were abolished by antagonizing CCR5 with Maraviroc. Finally, aorta incubated with CCL5 displayed severe endothelial dysfunction, which is prevented by blocking NOX1, NFκB, or CCR5. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that CCL5/CCR5, through activation of NFκB and NOX1, is critically involved in aldosterone-induced vascular and renal damage and hypertension placing CCL5 and CCR5 as potential therapeutic targets for conditions characterized by aldosterone excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (R.M.C., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, GO, Brazil (R.M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil (R.M.C.)
| | - Débora M Cerqueira
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Nephrology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (D.M.C., J.H.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wanessa M C Awata
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alexander Kufner
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.K., E.C.-P., P.J.P.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Douglas S Prado
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (D.S.P., W.F.H., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ebin Johny
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.K., E.C.-P., P.J.P.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William F Hawse
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (D.S.P., W.F.H., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (R.M.C., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (D.S.P., W.F.H., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.K., E.C.-P., P.J.P.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Nephrology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (D.M.C., J.H.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
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Costa RM, Dias MC, Alves JV, Silva JLM, Rodrigues D, Silva JF, Francescato HDC, Ramalho LNZ, Coimbra TM, Tostes RC. Pharmacological activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 prevents hyperglycemia-induced renal oxidative damage: Possible involvement of O-GlcNAcylation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115982. [PMID: 38097051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for kidney diseases. Oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen species, is a key factor in the development of kidney abnormalities related to hyperglycemia. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) plays a crucial role in defending cells against oxidative stress by activating genes that produce antioxidants. L-sulforaphane (SFN), a drug that activates Nrf2, reduces damage caused by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemic Wistar rats and HEK 293 cells maintained in hyperglycemic medium exhibited decreased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and reduced expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. SFN treatment increased Nrf2 activity and reversed decreased renal function, oxidative stress and cell death associated with hyperglycemia. To investigate mechanisms involved in hyperglycemia-induced reduced Nrf2 activity, we addressed whether Nrf2 is modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a post-translational modification that is fueled in hyperglycemic conditions. In vivo, hyperglycemia increased O-GlcNAc-modified Nrf2 expression. Increased O-GlcNAc levels, induced by pharmacological inhibition of OGA, decreased Nrf2 activity in HEK 293 cells. In conclusion, hyperglycemia reduces Nrf2 activity, promoting oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and structural and functional renal damage. Pharmacological treatment with SFN attenuates renal injury. O-GlcNAcylation negatively modulates Nrf2 activity and represents a potential mechanism leading to oxidative stress and renal damage in hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Costa
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mayara C Dias
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Lucas M Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane F Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloísa D C Francescato
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandra N Z Ramalho
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Terezila M Coimbra
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Awata WMC, Alves JV, Costa RM, Bruder-Nascimento A, Singh S, Barbosa GS, Tirapelli CR, Bruder-Nascimento T. Vascular injury associated with ethanol intake is driven by AT1 receptor and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115845. [PMID: 37951022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin (Ang II)-aldosterone system (RAAS) is crucial for the cardiovascular risk associated with excessive ethanol consumption. Disturbs in mitochondria have been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, if mitochondria dysfunction contributes to ethanol-induced vascular dysfunction is still unknown. We investigated whether ethanol leads to vascular dysfunction via RAAS activation, mitochondria dysfunction, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). METHODS Male C57/BL6J or mt-keima mice (6-8-weeks old) were treated with ethanol (20% vol./vol.) for 12 weeks with or without Losartan (10 mg/kg/day). RESULTS Ethanol induced aortic hypercontractility in an endothelium-dependent manner. PGC1α (a marker of biogenesis), Mfn2, (an essential protein for mitochondria fusion), as well as Pink-1 and Parkin (markers of mitophagy), were reduced in aortas from ethanol-treated mice. Disturb in mitophagy flux was further confirmed in arteries from mt-keima mice. Additionally, ethanol increased mtROS and reduced SOD2 expression. Strikingly, losartan prevented vascular hypercontractility, mitochondrial dysfunction, mtROS, and restored SOD2 expression. Both MnTMPyP (SOD2 mimetic) and CCCP (a mitochondrial uncoupler) reverted ethanol-induced vascular dysfunction. Moreover, L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) and EUK 134 (superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic) did not affect vascular response in ethanol group, suggesting that ethanol reduces aortic nitric oxide (NO) and H2O2 bioavailability. These responses were prevented by losartan. CONCLUSION AT1 receptor modulates ethanol-induced vascular hypercontractility by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction, mtROS, and reduction of NO and H2O2 bioavailability. Our findings shed a new light in our understanding of ethanol-induced vascular toxicity and open perspectives of new therapeutic approaches for patients with disorder associated with abusive ethanol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa M C Awata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela S Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UNIPEX, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Vascular Medicine, Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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6
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Singh S, Bruder-Nascimento A, Costa RM, Alves JV, Bharathi S, Goetzman ES, Bruder-Nascimento T. Adjusted vascular contractility relies on integrity of progranulin pathway: Insights into mitochondrial function. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.27.564485. [PMID: 37961631 PMCID: PMC10634918 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health crisis and a leading cause of mortality. The intricate interplay between vascular contractility and mitochondrial function is central to CVD pathogenesis. The progranulin gene (GRN) encodes glycoprotein progranulin (PGRN), a ubiquitous molecule with known anti-inflammatory property. However, the role of PGRN in CVD remains enigmatic. In this study, we sought to dissect the significance of PGRN in the regulation vascular contractility and investigate the interface between PGRN and mitochondrial quality. Method Our investigation utilized aortae from male and female C57BL6/J wild-type (PGRN+/+) and B6(Cg)-Grntm1.1Aidi/J (PGRN-/-) mice, encompassing wire myograph assays to assess vascular contractility and primary aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) for mechanistic insights. Results Our results showed suppression of contractile activity in PGRN-/- VSMCs and aorta, followed by reduced α-smooth muscle actin expression. Mechanistically, PGRN deficiency impaired mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), complex I activity, mitochondrial turnover, and mitochondrial redox signaling, while restoration of PGRN levels in aortae from PGRN-/- mice via lentivirus delivery ameliorated contractility and boosted OCR. In addition, VSMC overexpressing PGRN displayed higher mitochondrial respiration and complex I activity accompanied by cellular hypercontractility. Furthermore, increased PGRN triggered lysosome biogenesis by regulating transcription factor EB and accelerated mitophagy flux in VSMC, while treatment with spermidine, an autophagy inducer, improved mitochondrial phenotype and enhanced vascular contractility. Finally, angiotensin II failed to induce vascular contractility in PGRN-/- suggesting a key role of PGRN to maintain the vascular tone. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PGRN preserves the vascular contractility via regulating mitophagy flux, mitochondrial complex I activity, and redox signaling. Therefore, loss of PGRN function appears as a pivotal risk factor in CVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sivakama Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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Costa RM, Cerqueira DM, Bruder-Nascimento A, Alves JV, Awata WAC, Singh S, Kufner A, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ, Ho J, Bruder-Nascimento T. Role Of The C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) And Its Receptor, C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) In The Genesis Of Aldosterone-induced Hypertension, Vascular Dysfunction, And End-organ Damage. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.22.558020. [PMID: 37790434 PMCID: PMC10542153 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.558020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone, has been described to initiate cardiovascular diseases by triggering exacerbated sterile vascular inflammation. The functions of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) and its receptor, C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5), are well known in infectious diseases, but their roles in the genesis of aldosterone-induced vascular injury and hypertension are unknown. Methods We analyzed the vascular profile, blood pressure, and renal damage in wild-type (CCR5+/+) and CCR5 knockout (CCR5-/-) mice treated with aldosterone (600 μg/kg/day for 14 days) while receiving 1% saline to drink. Results Here, we show that CCR5 plays a central role in aldosterone-induced vascular injury, hypertension, and renal damage. Long-term infusion of aldosterone in CCR5+/+ mice resulted in exaggerated CCL5 circulating levels and vascular CCR5 expression. Aldosterone treatment also triggered vascular injury, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, hypertension, and renal damage. Mice lacking CCR5 were protected from aldosterone-induced vascular damage, hypertension, and renal injury. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CCL5 increased NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, NFκB activation, and inflammation and reduced nitric oxide production in isolated endothelial cells. These effects were abolished by antagonizing CCR5 with Maraviroc. Finally, aortae incubated with CCL5 displayed severe endothelial dysfunction, which is prevented by blocking Nox1, NFκB, or with Maraviroc treatment. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that CCL5/CCR5, through activation of NFkB and Nox1, is critically involved in aldosterone-induced vascular and renal damage and hypertension. Our data place CCL5 and CCR5 as potential targets for therapeutic interventions in conditions with aldosterone excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, BR
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BR
| | - Débora M Cerqueira
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Nephrology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanessa A C Awata
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Kufner
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Nephrology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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8
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Bruder‐Nascimento A, Awata WMC, Alves JV, Singh S, Costa RM, Bruder‐Nascimento T. Progranulin Maintains Blood Pressure and Vascular Tone Dependent on EphrinA2 and Sortilin1 Receptors and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030353. [PMID: 37581395 PMCID: PMC10492929 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The mechanisms determining vascular tone are still not completely understood, even though it is a significant factor in blood pressure management. Many circulating proteins have a significant impact on controlling vascular tone. Progranulin displays anti-inflammatory effects and has been extensively studied in neurodegenerative illnesses. We investigated whether progranulin sustains the vascular tone that helps regulate blood pressure. Methods and Results We used male and female C57BL6/J wild type (progranulin+/+) and B6(Cg)-Grntm1.1Aidi/J (progranulin-/-) to understand the impact of progranulin on vascular contractility and blood pressure. We found that progranulin-/- mice display elevated blood pressure followed by hypercontractility to noradrenaline in mesenteric arteries, which is restored by supplementing the mice with recombinant progranulin. In ex vivo experiments, recombinant progranulin attenuated the vascular contractility to noradrenaline in male and female progranulin+/+ arteries, which was blunted by blocking EphrinA2 or Sortilin1. To understand the mechanisms whereby progranulin evokes anticontractile effects, we inhibited endothelial factors. N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) prevented the progranulin effects, whereas indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) affected only the contractility in arteries incubated with vehicle, indicating that progranulin increases nitric oxide and decreases contractile prostanoids. Finally, recombinant progranulin induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide production in isolated mesenteric endothelial cells. Conclusions Circulating progranulin regulates vascular tone and blood pressure via EphrinA2 and Sortilin1 receptors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. Collectively, our data suggest that deficiency in progranulin is a cardiovascular risk factor and that progranulin might be a new therapeutic avenue to treat high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Bruder‐Nascimento
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Wanessa M. C. Awata
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Juliano V. Alves
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Rafael M. Costa
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Thiago Bruder‐Nascimento
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
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9
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Barbosa GS, Costa RM, Awata WM, Singh SD, Alves JV, Bruder-Nascimento A, Correa CR, Bruder do Nascimento T. Suppressed vascular Rho-kinase activation is a protective cardiovascular mechanism in obese female mice. Biosci Rep 2023:BSR20230672. [PMID: 37342890 PMCID: PMC10352127 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
 Background: Obesity is the number one cardiovascular risk factor for both men and women and is a complex condition. Although a sex dimorphism on vascular function has already been noted, the underlying processes remain unclear. The Rho-kinase pathway has a unique role in controlling vascular tone, and in obese male mice, hyperactivation of this system results in worsened vascular constriction. We investigated whether female mice exhibit decreased Rho-kinase activation as a protective mechanism in obesity.</p>  Methods: We exposed male and female mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. At the end, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, adipose tissue inflammation, and vascular function were investigated.</p>  Results: Male mice were more sensitive to HFD-induced body weight gain, glucose tolerance, and inflammation than female mice. After establishing obesity, female mice demonstrated increase in energy expenditure, characterized by an increase in heat, whereas male mice did not. Interestingly, obese female mice, but not male, displayed attenuated vascular contractility to different agonists, such difference was blunted by inhibition of Rho-kinase, which was accompanied by a suppressed Rho-kinase activation, measured by western blot. Finally, aortae from obese male mice displayed an exacerbated inflammation, whereas obese female demonstrated a mild vascular inflammation.</p>  Conclusion: In obesity, female mice demonstrate a vascular protective mechanism - suppression of vascular Rho-kinase - to minimize the cardiovascular risk associated with obesity, whereas male mice do not generate any adaptive response. Future investigations can help to understand how Rho-kinase becomes suppressed in female during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Barbosa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus de Botucatu, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rafael Menezes Costa
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Mc Awata
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Juliano V Alves
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Camila R Correa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
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10
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Rodrigues D, Resende MM, Alves JV, Fraga-Silva TFC, Martins RB, Campos LCB, Franscisco DF, Couto AES, Bonato VLD, Arruda E, Becari C, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Louzada-Júnior P, da Costa RM, Tostes RC. Cytokine storm in individuals with severe COVID-19 decreases endothelial cell antioxidant defense via Downregulation of the Nrf2 transcriptional factor. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37327001 PMCID: PMC10390054 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00096.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to the onset of inflammation and target organ damage. The endothelium is a key player in COVID-19 pathophysiology and it is an important target for cytokines. Since cytokines trigger oxidative stress and negatively impact endothelial cell function, we sought to determine whether serum derived from severe COVID-19 individuals decreases endothelial cells' main antioxidant defense, i.e. the antioxidant transcriptional factor Nrf2. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with severe COVID-19 serum at different time points and the effects on redox balance and Nrf2 activity were determined. Serum from COVID-19 individuals increased oxidant species, as indicated by higher DHE oxidation, increased protein carbonylation and augmented mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and dysfunction. COVID-19 serum, in comparison with serum from healthy individuals, induced cell death and diminished nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. In parallel, Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and the expression of Nrf2-targeted genes were reduced in endothelial cells exposed to serum from COVID-19 individuals. Additionally, these cells exhibited higher expression of Bach-1, a negative regulator of Nrf2 that competes for DNA binding. All events were prevented by Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor blocker, indicating that IL-6 is key to the impairment of endothelial antioxidant defense. In conclusion, endothelial dysfunction related to SARS-Cov-2 infection is linked to an IL-6-dependent decrease in the endothelial antioxidant defense. Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 may decrease endothelial cell damage in individuals with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirele M Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais F C Fraga-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Martins
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia C B Campos
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniely F Franscisco
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariel E S Couto
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia L D Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane Becari
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Louzada-Júnior
- Clinical Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Almeida CR, Lima JF, Machado MR, Alves JV, Couto AES, Campos LCB, Avila-Mesquita CD, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Becari C, Louzada-Júnior P, Tostes RC, Lobato NS, Costa RM. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling prevents serum-induced umbilical cord artery dysfunction from patients with severe COVID-19. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R435-R445. [PMID: 36737252 PMCID: PMC10026982 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00154.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has a negative impact on the cytokine profile of pregnant women. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines seem to be correlated with the severity of the disease, in addition to predisposing to miscarriage or premature birth. Proinflammatory cytokines increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is unclear how interleukin-6 (IL-6) found in the circulation of patients with severe COVID-19 might affect gestational health, particularly concerning umbilical cord function. This study tested the hypothesis that IL-6 present in the circulation of women with severe COVID-19 causes umbilical cord artery dysfunction by increasing ROS generation and activating redox-sensitive proteins. Umbilical cord arteries were incubated with serum from healthy women and women with severe COVID-19. Vascular function was assessed using concentration-effect curves to serotonin in the presence or absence of pharmacological agents, such as tocilizumab (antibody against the IL-6 receptor), tiron (ROS scavenger), ML171 (Nox1 inhibitor), and Y27632 (Rho kinase inhibitor). ROS generation was assessed by the dihydroethidine probe and Rho kinase activity by an enzymatic assay. Umbilical arteries exposed to serum from women with severe COVID-19 were hyperreactive to serotonin. This effect was abolished in the presence of tocilizumab, tiron, ML171, and Y27632. In addition, serum from women with severe COVID-19 increased Nox1-dependent ROS generation and Rho kinase activity. Increased Rho kinase activity was abolished by tocilizumab and tiron. Serum cytokines in women with severe COVID-19 promote umbilical artery dysfunction. IL-6 is key to Nox-linked vascular oxidative stress and activation of the Rho kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cellyne R Almeida
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goias, Brazil
| | - Júlia F Lima
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goias, Brazil
| | - Mirele R Machado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariel E S Couto
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia C B Campos
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina D Avila-Mesquita
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora-Martins
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane Becari
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Júnior
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Núbia S Lobato
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goias, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goias, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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12
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DelVechio M, Alves JV, Saiyid AZ, Singh S, Galley J, Awata WMC, Costa RM, Bruder-Nascimento A, Bruder-Nascimento T. PROGRESSION OF VASCULAR FUNCTION AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN A MOUSE MODEL OF KAWASAKI DISEASE. Shock 2023; 59:74-81. [PMID: 36703278 PMCID: PMC9886317 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of childhood characterized by vascular damage in the acute stage, which can persist into the late stage. The vascular mechanisms in the cardiovascular risk of KD are not fully studied. We investigated the vascular function and blood pressure in a murine model of KD. We used the Candida albicans water-soluble (CAWS) fraction model. Mice were injected with 4 mg CAWS for 5 consecutive days and separated into three groups. Control, CAWS 7 days (C7), and CAWS 28 days (C28). Hearts and arteries were harvested for vascular characterization. Rat aortic smooth muscle cells were used to studies in vitro. C7 presented elevated inflammatory markers in the coronary area and abdominal aortas, whereas C28 showed severe vasculitis. No difference was found in blood pressure parameters. Vascular dysfunction characterized by higher contractility to norepinephrine in C7 and C28 in aortic rings was abolished by blocking nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived products. The CAWS complex increased COX2 expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells, which was prevented by Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist. Our data indicate that the murine model of KD is associated with vascular dysfunction likely dependent on COX-derived products, oxidant properties, and NO bioavailability. Furthermore, vascular smooth muscle cell may present an important role in the genesis of vascular dysfunction and vasculitis via the Toll-like receptor 4 pathway. Finally, the CAWS model seems not to be appropriate to study KD-associated shock. More studies are necessary to understand whether vascular dysfunction and COXs are triggers for vasculitis.
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13
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Galley JC, Singh S, Awata WMC, Alves JV, Bruder-Nascimento T. Adipokines: Deciphering the cardiovascular signature of adipose tissue. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115324. [PMID: 36309078 PMCID: PMC10509780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are intimately linked due to the various ways that the important cell types such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), endothelial cells (EC), immune cells, and adipocytes, communicate with one another to contribute to these two pathologies. Adipose tissue is a very dynamic organ comprised primarily of adipocytes, which are well known for their role in energy storage. More recently adipose tissue has been recognized as the largest endocrine organ because of its ability to produce a vast number of signaling molecules called adipokines. These signaling molecules stimulate specific types of cells or tissues with many adipokines acting as indicators of adipocyte healthy function, such as adiponectin, omentin, and FGF21, which show anti-inflammatory or cardioprotective effects, acting as regulators of healthy physiological function. Others, like visfatin, chemerin, resistin, and leptin are often altered during pathophysiological circumstances like obesity and lipodystrophy, demonstrating negative cardiovascular outcomes when produced in excess. This review aims to explore the role of adipocytes and their derived products as well as the impacts of these adipokines on blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Galley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanessa M. C. Awata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliano V. Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Alves JV, Costa RM, Omoto ACM, Oliveira‐Neto JT, Silva JF, Machado MR, Rosa UG, Bonato VLD, Tostes RCA. Supraphysiological Levels of Testosterone Induce Cardiac Dysfunction via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jose T. Oliveira‐Neto
- PharmacologyUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirão Preto
- PhysiologyUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirão Preto
| | | | | | - Ualter G. Rosa
- Biochemistry and ImmunologyUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirão Preto
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Costa RM, Alves-Lopes R, Alves JV, Servian CP, Mestriner FL, Carneiro FS, Lobato NDS, Tostes RC. Testosterone Contributes to Vascular Dysfunction in Young Mice Fed a High Fat Diet by Promoting Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 Downregulation and Oxidative Stress. Front Physiol 2022; 13:837603. [PMID: 35350697 PMCID: PMC8958040 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.837603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, promotes vascular oxidative stress. Considering that free testosterone levels remain within the reference range, especially in obese young men and that testosterone stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, we sought to investigate whether testosterone interferes with obesity-associated oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction in male mice. We hypothesized that testosterone favors ROS accumulation and vascular dysfunction in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. We also questioned whether testosterone downregulates the nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), one of the major cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stimuli. Male C57Bl/6J mice were submitted to orchiectomy or sham-operation. Mice received either a control diet (CD) or HFD for 18 weeks. Vascular function was assessed in thoracic aortic rings and molecular mechanisms by which testosterone contributes to vascular dysfunction were determined. HFD reduced acetylcholine-induced vasodilation and increased vascular ROS generation in sham mice. Castration prevented these effects. Treatment of castrated mice fed either the CD or HFD with testosterone propionate decreased acetylcholine vasodilation. HFD decreased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, events linked to decreased mRNA expression and activity of Nrf2-regulated enzymes (catalase, heme oxygenase-1, peroxiredoxin, and thioredoxin). These events were prevented in HFD-fed castrated mice. Bardoxolone, a Nrf2 activator, increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, decreased ROS generation and improved acetylcholine vasodilation in HFD-fed sham mice. In vitro, testosterone increased ROS generation and decreased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation. These effects were prevented in the presence of an androgen receptor antagonist, an inhibitor of gene transcription and an inhibitor of the pro-oxidant enzyme NOX-1. These results indicate that testosterone downregulates Nrf2, leading to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction in HFD-fed obese young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Brazil
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina P Servian
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Brazil
| | - Fabíola L Mestriner
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Núbia de S Lobato
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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16
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da Silva JF, Bolsoni JA, da Costa RM, Alves JV, Bressan AFM, Silva LEV, Costa TJ, Oliveira AER, Manzato CP, Aguiar CA, Fazan R, Cunha FQ, Nakaya HI, Carneiro FS, Tostes RC. Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation contributes to high-fat diet-induced vascular dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:2938-2952. [PMID: 34978070 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Metabolic and vascular dysfunction are common features of obesity. Aryl hydrocarbons receptors (AhR) regulate lipid metabolism and vascular homeostasis, but whether vascular AhR are activated in obesity or if AhR have protective or harmful effects on vascular function in obesity are not known. Thus, our study addressed whether AhR activation contributes to obesity-associated vascular dysfunction and the mechanisms involved in the AhR effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male AhRKO (AhR knockout) and WT (wild type) mice were fed either a control or a HF (high-fat) diet for ten weeks. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters were measured in serum and adipose tissue. Vascular reactivity (isometric force) was evaluated using a myography. eNOS and AhR protein expression was determined by Western blot; Cyp1A1 and eNOS gene expression by RT-PCR. Nitric oxide (NO) production was quantified by DAF fluorescence. KEY RESULTS HF diet increased serum total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, as well as vascular AhR protein expression and proinflammatory cytokines in the adipose tissue. HF diet decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation. AhR deletion protected mice from HF diet-induced dyslipidemia, weight gain, and inflammatory processes. HF diet-induced endothelial dysfunction was attenuated in AhRKO mice. Vessels from AhRKO mice exhibited a greater NO reserve. In cultured endothelial cells, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC, a major component of LDL and oxLDL) reduced eNOS gene expression and NO production. Antagonism of AhR abrogated LPC effects on endothelial cells and LPC-induced decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS AhR deletion attenuates HF diet-induced dyslipidemia and vascular dysfunction by improving eNOS/NO signalling. Targeting AhR may prevent obesity-associated vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Fernandes da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Bolsoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Academic Unit on Health Sciences, Jataí Federal University, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Alecsander F M Bressan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo V Silva
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio E R Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla P Manzato
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Aguiar
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rubens Fazan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Israelita Albert Einstein Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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17
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Sousa AH, Vale GTD, Nascimento JA, Awata WMC, Silva CBP, Assis VO, Alves JV, Tostes RC, Tirapelli CR. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against the deleterious effects of sub-lethal sepsis and ethanol in the cardiorenal system. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1324-1332. [PMID: 34314655 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that ethanol would aggravate the deleterious effects of sub-lethal cecal ligation and puncture (SL-CLP) sepsis in the cardiorenal system and that inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) would prevent such response. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with ethanol for 12 weeks. One hour before SL-CLP surgery, mice were treated with N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL, 5 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective inhibitor of iNOS. A second dose of L-NIL was administered 24 h after SL-CLP surgery. Mice were killed 48 h post surgery and the blood, the renal cortex, and the left ventricle (LV) were collected for biochemical analysis. L-NIL attenuated the increase in serum creatinine levels induced by ethanol, but not by SL-CLP. Ethanol, but not SL-CLP, increased creatine kinase (CK)-MB activity and L-NIL did not prevent this response. In the renal cortex, L-NIL prevented the redox imbalance induced by ethanol and SL-CLP. Inhibition of iNOS also decreased lipoperoxidation induced by ethanol and SL-CLP in the LV. L-NIL prevented the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species induced by ethanol and (or) SL-CLP in the cardiorenal system, suggesting that iNOS modulated some of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the deleterious effects of both conditions in the cardiorenal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T do Vale
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG)
| | - Jose A Nascimento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanessa M C Awata
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla B P Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Toxicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor O Assis
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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Gonzaga NA, Awata WMC, Ficher SP, Assis VO, Alves JV, Tostes RC, Tirapelli CR. Melatonin reverses the loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in obese rats. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12710. [PMID: 33332655 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) undergoes functional changes in obesity. Increased oxidative stress is a central mechanism whereby obesity induces loss of the anticontractile effect of PVAT. Melatonin is an antioxidant that displays vasoprotective action in cardiovascular disease. Here, we sought to investigate whether melatonin would restore the anticontractile effect of periaortic PVAT in obesity. Male Wistar Hannover rats were treated for 10 weeks with a high-calorie diet. Melatonin (5 mg/kg/d, p.o., gavage) was administered for 2 weeks. Functional findings showed that obesity-induced loss of the anticontractile effect of PVAT and treatment with melatonin reversed this response. Tiron [a scavenger of superoxide anion (O2 - )] restored the anticontractile effect of PVAT in aortas from obese rats, suggesting a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in such response. Decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and augmented levels of ROS were detected in periaortic PVAT from obese rats. These responses were accompanied by decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO) in PVAT. Treatment with melatonin restored SOD activity, decreased ROS levels, and increased NO bioavailability in PVAT from obese rats. Here, we first reported the beneficial effects of melatonin in periaortic PVAT in obesity. Melatonin reversed the adverse effects of obesity in PVAT that included overproduction of ROS, reduced SOD activity, and decreased bioavailability of NO. Therefore, PVAT may constitute an important target for the treatment of obesity-induced vascular dysfunction and melatonin emerges as a potential tool in the management of the vascular complications induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rita C Tostes
- University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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19
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da Costa RM, Rodrigues D, Pereira CA, Silva JF, Alves JV, Lobato NS, Tostes RC. Nrf2 as a Potential Mediator of Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:382. [PMID: 31031630 PMCID: PMC6473049 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals act as secondary messengers, modulating a number of important biological processes, including gene expression, ion mobilization in transport systems, protein interactions and enzymatic functions, cell growth, cell cycle, redox homeostasis, among others. In the cardiovascular system, the physiological generation of free radicals ensures the integrity and function of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and adjacent smooth muscle cells. In physiological conditions, there is a balance between free radicals generation and the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Redox imbalance, caused by increased free radical's production and/or reduced antioxidant defense, plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, contributing to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, hypertrophy and hypercontractility of vascular smooth muscle. Excessive production of oxidizing agents in detriment of antioxidant defenses in the cardiovascular system has been described in obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), a major regulator of antioxidant and cellular protective genes, is primarily activated in response to oxidative stress. Under physiological conditions, Nrf2 is constitutively expressed in the cytoplasm of cells and is usually associated with Keap-1, a repressor protein. This association maintains low levels of free Nrf2. Stressors, such as free radicals, favor the translocation of Nrf2 to the cell nucleus. The accumulation of nuclear Nrf2 allows the binding of this protein to the antioxidant response element of genes that code antioxidant proteins. Although little information on the role of Nrf2 in the cardiovascular system is available, growing evidence indicates that decreased Nrf2 activity contributes to oxidative stress, favoring the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders found in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. The present mini-review will provide a comprehensive overview of the role of Nrf2 as a contributing factor to cardiovascular risk in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila A Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane F Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Núbia S Lobato
- Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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da Costa RM, da Silva JF, Alves JV, Dias TB, Rassi DM, Garcia LV, Lobato NDS, Tostes RC. Increased O-GlcNAcylation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Compromises the Anti-contractile Properties of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2018; 9:341. [PMID: 29681862 PMCID: PMC5897513 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) negatively modulates vascular contractility. This property is lost in experimental and human obesity and in the metabolic syndrome, indicating that changes in PVAT function may contribute to vascular dysfunction associated with increased body weight and hyperglycemia. The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) is a unique posttranslational process that integrates glucose metabolism with intracellular protein activity. Increased flux of glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and the consequent increase in tissue-specific O-GlcNAc modification of proteins have been linked to multiple facets of vascular dysfunction in diabetes and other pathological conditions. We hypothesized that chronic consumption of glucose, a condition that progresses to metabolic syndrome, leads to increased O-GlcNAc modification of proteins in the PVAT, decreasing its anti-contractile effects. Therefore, the current study was devised to determine whether a high-sugar diet increases O-GlcNAcylation in the PVAT and how increased O-GlcNAc interferes with PVAT vasorelaxant function. To assess molecular mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc contributes to PVAT dysfunction, thoracic aortas surrounded by PVAT were isolated from Wistar rats fed either a control or high sugar diet, for 10 and 12 weeks. Rats chronically fed a high sugar diet exhibited metabolic syndrome features, increased O-GlcNAcylated-proteins in the PVAT and loss of PVAT anti-contractile effect. PVAT from high sugar diet-fed rats for 12 weeks exhibited decreased NO formation, reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increased O-GlcNAcylation of eNOS. High sugar diet also decreased OGA activity and increased superoxide anion generation in the PVAT. Visceral adipose tissue samples from hyperglycemic patients showed increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, increased ROS generation and decreased OGA activity. These data indicate that O-GlcNAcylation contributes to metabolic syndrome-induced PVAT dysfunction and that O-GlcNAcylation of eNOS may be targeted in the development of novel therapies for vascular dysfunction in conditions associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Josiane F da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago B Dias
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Diane M Rassi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis V Garcia
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotive Apparatus Rehabilitation, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Núbia de Souza Lobato
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Jatai, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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21
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Alves JV, Andersson T, Edner G, Söderman M. Subarachnoid Haemorrhage from a Large Cerebral Aneurysm Visible only on Repeat Angiography. Interv Neuroradiol 2005; 11:59-62. [PMID: 20584436 DOI: 10.1177/159101990501100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY We report the case of a 49-year-old woman with a massive subarachnoid haemorrhage in conjunction with trauma. The initial cerebral angiography was normal. Three weeks later she had a second subarachnoid haemorrhage. A repeat angiography demonstrated an eight mm aneurysm of the internal carotid artery bifurcation, a region clearly normal in the previous angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Alves
- Neuroradiology Service, Hospital Geral de Santo António, Porto; Portugal -
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