151
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Fonseca FLA, da Costa Aguiar Alves B, Azzalis LA, Belardo TMG. Matrix Metalloproteases as Biomarkers of Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1579:299-311. [PMID: 28299745 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6863-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease play a vital role in many cellular processes. Dysfunction in activity of these enzymes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. Factors that affect the balanced interaction between MMPs and their inhibitors, such as genetic mutations of extracellular matrix components or dysregulation of MMP expression, can lead to various diseases. Due to their essential role in ECM remodeling, MMPs have become targets of interest as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases associated with alterations of the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Químicas, Ambientais e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Análises Clínicas-Anexo 3, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Vila Principe de Gales, n.821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas-Anexo 3, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Vila Principe de Gales, n.821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil
| | - Ligia Ajaime Azzalis
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Químicas, Ambientais e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Moura Gáscon Belardo
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas-Anexo 3, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Vila Principe de Gales, n.821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil
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152
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Decaneto E, Lubitz W, Ogata H. Structural Studies of Matrix Metalloproteinase by X-Ray Diffraction. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1579:49-60. [PMID: 28299732 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6863-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes whose endopeptidase activity is dependent on the presence of specific metal ions. MT1-MMP (or MMP-14), which has been implicated in tumor progression and cellular invasion, contains a membrane-spanning region located C-terminal to a hemopexin-like domain and an N-terminal catalytic domain. We recombinantly expressed the catalytic domain of human MT1-MMP in E. coli and purified it from inclusion bodies using a refolding protocol that yielded significant quantities of active protein. Crystals of MT1-MMP were obtained using the vapour diffusion method. Here, we describe the protocols used for crystallization and the data analysis together with the resulting diffraction pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Decaneto
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hideaki Ogata
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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153
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Altmann E, Erbel P, Renatus M, Schaefer M, Schlierf A, Druet A, Kieffer L, Sorge M, Pfister K, Hassiepen U, Jones M, Ruedisser S, Ostermeier D, Martoglio B, Jefferson AB, Quancard J. Azaindoles as Zinc-Binding Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the JAMM Protease CSN5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1294-1297. [PMID: 27981705 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CSN5 is the zinc metalloprotease subunit of the COP9 signalosome (CSN), which is an important regulator of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). CSN5 is responsible for the cleavage of NEDD8 from CRLs, and blocking deconjugation of NEDD8 traps the CRLs in a hyperactive state, thereby leading to auto-ubiquitination and ultimately degradation of the substrate recognition subunits. Herein, we describe the discovery of azaindoles as a new class of CSN5 inhibitors, which interact with the active-site zinc ion of CSN5 through an unprecedented binding mode. The best compounds inhibited CSN5 with nanomolar potency, led to degradation of the substrate recognition subunit Skp2 in cells, and reduced the viability of HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Altmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erbel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Renatus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anita Schlierf
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adelaide Druet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Kieffer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mickael Sorge
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keith Pfister
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608-2916, USA
| | - Ulrich Hassiepen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Jones
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Ruedisser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Ostermeier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Martoglio
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne B Jefferson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608-2916, USA.,Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jean Quancard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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154
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Optical imaging of MMP-12 active form in inflammation and aneurysm. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38345. [PMID: 27917892 PMCID: PMC5137160 DOI: 10.1038/srep38345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 plays a key role in the development of aneurysm. Like other members of MMP family, MMP-12 is produced as a proenzyme, mainly by macrophages, and undergoes proteolytic activation to generate an active form. Accordingly, molecular imaging of the MMP-12 active form can inform of the pathogenic process in aneurysm. Here, we developed a novel family of fluorescent probes based on a selective MMP-12 inhibitor, RXP470.1 to target the active form of MMP-12. These probes were stable in complex media and retained the high affinity and selectivity of RXP470.1 for MMP-12. Amongst these, probe 3 containing a zwitterionic fluorophore, ZW800-1, combined a favorable affinity profile toward MMP-12 and faster blood clearance. In vivo binding of probe 3 was observed in murine models of sterile inflammation and carotid aneurysm. Binding specificity was demonstrated using a non-binding homolog. Co-immunostaining localized MMP-12 probe binding to MMP-12 positive areas and F4/80 positive macrophages in aneurysm. In conclusion, the active form of MMP-12 can be detected by optical imaging using RXP470.1-based probes. This is a valuable adjunct for pathophysiology research, drug development, and potentially clinical applications.
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155
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Meng F, Yang H, Jack C, Zhang H, Moller A, Spivey D, Page RC, Tierney DL, Crowder MW. Biochemical characterization and zinc binding group (ZBGs) inhibition studies on the catalytic domain of MMP7 (cdMMP7). J Inorg Biochem 2016; 165:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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156
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Arcone R, Palma M, Pagliara V, Graziani G, Masullo M, Nardone G. Green tea polyphenols affect invasiveness of human gastric MKN-28 cells by inhibition of LPS or TNF-α induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/2. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2016; 3:56-63. [PMID: 29450132 PMCID: PMC5802102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated a correlation between green tea consumption and a reduced cancer risk. Among different components, green tea polyphenols have been identified as molecules responsible for the beneficial effects showed by the green tea against oxidative stress and cell invasiveness. In this study, we investigated the effects of green tea polyphenol extracts (GTPs) in human gastric MKN-28 cell line. To this aim, we have first evaluated the effect of GTPs on oxidative stress induced cell injury. The pre-treatment with 10-4 M catechin equivalents of GTPs exerts a protective effect on xanthine-xanthine oxidase induced cell cytotoxicity, thus confirming the anti-oxidant properties of GTPs. The effect of GTPs was also extended to the invasive ability of MKN-28 cells stimulated with TNF-α or LPS, as pro-inflammatory factors. Migration and matrigel invasion assays demonstrated that GTPs exposure (10-6 M) prevents the increase in cell invasiveness induced by TNF-α or LPS. Finally, we have analyzed the effect of GTPs on the levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP)-9/2, whose expression is up-regulated by TNF-α or LPS. Our results indicated that the pre-treatment with GTPs was able to reduce MMP-9/2 expression at both protein and enzyme activity levels in the conditioned media of TNF-α or LPS stimulated MKN-28 cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that green tea polyphenol extract reduces the invasiveness of gastric MKN-28 cancer cells through the reduction of TNF-α or LPS induced MMP-9/2 up-regulation. Therefore, these data support the hypothesis that GTPs could exert a protective role against the metastatic process in gastric cancer.
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Key Words
- Cell migration
- Cell invasion
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagles's Medium
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GTPs, Green tea polyphenols extract
- Green tea polyphenols
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MKN-28 gastric cancer cells
- MMP-, Matrix metalloproteinase
- Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)
- Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)
- PBS, Phosphate-buffer saline
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor α
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Arcone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, S.C. a R.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Margherita Palma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Pagliara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, S.C. a R.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nardone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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157
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Decaneto E, Suladze S, Rosin C, Havenith M, Lubitz W, Winter R. Pressure and Temperature Effects on the Activity and Structure of the Catalytic Domain of Human MT1-MMP. Biophys J 2016; 109:2371-81. [PMID: 26636948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP or MMP-14) is a zinc-transmembrane metalloprotease involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix and tumor invasion. While changes in solvation of MT1-MMP have been recently studied, little is known about the structural and energetic changes associated with MT1-MMP while interacting with substrates. Steady-state kinetic and thermodynamic data (including activation energies and activation volumes) were measured over a wide range of temperatures and pressures by means of a stopped-flow fluorescence technique. Complementary temperature- and pressure-dependent Fourier-transform infrared measurements provided corresponding structural information of the protein. MT1-MMP is stable and active over a wide range of temperatures (10-55 °C). A small conformational change was detected at 37 °C, which is responsible for the change in activity observed at the same temperature. Pressure decreases the enzymatic activity until complete inactivation occurs at 2 kbar. The inactivation is associated with changes in the rate-limiting step of the reaction caused by additional hydration of the active site upon compression and/or minor conformational changes in the active site region. Based on these data, an energy and volume diagram could be established for the various steps of the enzymatic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Decaneto
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany; Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Saba Suladze
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christopher Rosin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martina Havenith
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
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158
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González-Avila G, Bazan-Perkins B, Sandoval C, Sommer B, Vadillo-Gonzalez S, Ramos C, Aquino-Galvez A. Interstitial collagen turnover during airway remodeling in acute and chronic experimental asthma. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1419-1427. [PMID: 27602069 PMCID: PMC4998200 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma airway remodeling is characterized by the thickening of the basement membrane (BM) due to an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, which contributes to the irreversibility of airflow obstruction. Interstitial collagens are the primary ECM components to be increased during the fibrotic process. The aim of the present study was to examine the interstitial collagen turnover during the course of acute and chronic asthma, and 1 month after the last exposure to the allergen. Guinea pigs sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed to 3 further OVA challenges (acute model) or 12 OVA challenges (chronic model) were used as asthma experimental models. A group of animals from either model was sacrificed 1 h or 1 month after the last OVA challenge. Collagen distribution, collagen content, interstitial collagenase activity and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-13 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 protein expression levels were measured in the lung tissue samples from both experimental models. The results revealed that collagen deposit in bronchiole BM, adventitial and airway smooth muscle layers was increased in both experimental models as well as lung tissue collagen concentration. These structural changes persisted 1 month after the last OVA challenge. In the acute model, a decrease in collagenase activity and in MMP-1 concentration was observed. Collagenase activity returned to basal levels, and an increase in MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression levels along with a decrease in TIMP-1 expression levels were observed in animals sacrificed 1 month after the last OVA challenge. In the chronic model, there were no changes in collagenase activity or in MMP-13 concentration, although MMP-1 expression levels increased. One month later, an increase in collagenase activity was observed, although MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels were not altered. The results of the present study suggest that even when the allergen challenges were discontinued, and collagenase activity and MMP-1 expression increased, fibrosis remained, contributing to the irreversibility of bronchoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina González-Avila
- Biomedical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', CP 14080 México City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Bazan-Perkins
- Department of Bronchial Hiperreactivity, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', CP 14080 México City, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtémoc Sandoval
- Biomedical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', CP 14080 México City, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Department of Bronchial Hiperreactivity, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', CP 14080 México City, Mexico
| | - Sebastian Vadillo-Gonzalez
- Biomedical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', CP 14080 México City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Department of Lung Fibrosis, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', CP 14080 México City, Mexico
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Galvez
- Biomedical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', CP 14080 México City, Mexico
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159
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Amor M, Moreno Viedma V, Sarabi A, Grün NG, Itariu B, Leitner L, Steiner I, Bilban M, Kodama K, Butte AJ, Staffler G, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. Identification of matrix metalloproteinase-12 as a candidate molecule for prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease. Mol Med 2016; 22:487-496. [PMID: 27385318 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, a combination of risk factors that predispose to the development of the cardiometabolic diseases: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prevention of metabolic syndrome requires novel interventions to address this health challenge. The objective of this study was the identification of candidate molecules for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, conditions that underlie type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, respectively. We used an unbiased bioinformatics approach to identify molecules that are upregulated in both conditions by combining murine and human data from a microarray experiment and meta-analyses. We obtained a pool of eight genes that were upregulated in all the databases analysed. This included well known and novel molecules involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Notably, matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) was highly ranked in all analyses and was therefore chosen for further investigation. Analyses of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue from obese compared to lean mice and humans convincingly confirmed the up-regulation of MMP12 in obesity at mRNA, protein and activity levels. In conclusion, using this unbiased approach an interesting pool of candidate molecules was identified, all of which have potential as targets in the treatment and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amor
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Moreno Viedma
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Sarabi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N G Grün
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Itariu
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Leitner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Steiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Section for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - M Bilban
- Core Facility Genomics, Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Kodama
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences. University of California, San Francisco, EEUU
| | - A J Butte
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences. University of California, San Francisco, EEUU
| | | | - M Zeyda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - T M Stulnig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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160
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Moura-da-Silva AM, Almeida MT, Portes-Junior JA, Nicolau CA, Gomes-Neto F, Valente RH. Processing of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases: Generation of Toxin Diversity and Enzyme Inactivation. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060183. [PMID: 27294958 PMCID: PMC4926149 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are abundant in the venoms of vipers and rattlesnakes, playing important roles for the snake adaptation to different environments, and are related to most of the pathological effects of these venoms in human victims. The effectiveness of SVMPs is greatly due to their functional diversity, targeting important physiological proteins or receptors in different tissues and in the coagulation system. Functional diversity is often related to the genetic diversification of the snake venom. In this review, we discuss some published evidence that posit that processing and post-translational modifications are great contributors for the generation of functional diversity and for maintaining latency or inactivation of enzymes belonging to this relevant family of venom toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Michelle T Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - José A Portes-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Carolina A Nicolau
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Gomes-Neto
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Richard H Valente
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil.
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161
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Meng F, Yang H, Aitha M, George S, Tierney DL, Crowder MW. Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of the catalytic domain of MMP16 (cdMMP16). J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:523-35. [PMID: 27229514 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP16/MT3-MMP) is considered a drug target due to its role(s) in disease processes such as cancer and inflammation. Biochemical characterization of MMP16 is critical for developing new generation MMP inhibitors (MMPi), which exhibit high efficacies and selectivities. Herein, a modified over-expression and purification protocol was used to prepare the catalytic domain of MMP16 (cdMMP16). The resulting recombinant enzyme exhibited steady-state kinetic constants of K m = 10.6 ± 0.7 μM and k cat = 1.14 ± 0.02 s(-1), when using FS-6 as substrate, and the enzyme bound 1.8 ± 0.1 eq of Zn(II). The enzymatic activity of cdMMP16 is salt concentration-dependent, and cdMMP16 exhibits autoproteolytic activity under certain conditions, which may be related to an in vivo regulatory mechanism of MMP16 and of other membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMPs). Co(II)-substituted analogs (Co2- and ZnCo) of cdMMP16 were prepared and characterized using several spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-Vis, (1)H NMR, and EXAFS spectroscopies. A well-characterized cdMMP16 is now available for future inhibitor screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Mahesh Aitha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Sam George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - David L Tierney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
| | - Michael W Crowder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
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162
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ADAM and ADAMTS Family Proteins and Snake Venom Metalloproteinases: A Structural Overview. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8050155. [PMID: 27196928 PMCID: PMC4885070 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family proteins constitute a major class of membrane-anchored multidomain proteinases that are responsible for the shedding of cell-surface protein ectodomains, including the latent forms of growth factors, cytokines, receptors and other molecules. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are major components in most viper venoms. SVMPs are primarily responsible for hemorrhagic activity and may also interfere with the hemostatic system in envenomed animals. SVMPs are phylogenetically most closely related to ADAMs and, together with ADAMs and related ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family proteinases, constitute adamalysins/reprolysins or the M12B clan (MEROPS database) of metalloproteinases. Although the catalytic domain structure is topologically similar to that of other metalloproteinases such as matrix metalloproteinases, the M12B proteinases have a modular structure with multiple non-catalytic ancillary domains that are not found in other proteinases. Notably, crystallographic studies revealed that, in addition to the conserved metalloproteinase domain, M12B members share a hallmark cysteine-rich domain designated as the “ADAM_CR” domain. Despite their name, ADAMTSs lack disintegrin-like structures and instead comprise two ADAM_CR domains. This review highlights the current state of our knowledge on the three-dimensional structures of M12B proteinases, focusing on their unique domains that may collaboratively participate in directing these proteinases to specific substrates.
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163
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Almeida CF, Martins PC, Vainzof M. Comparative transcriptome analysis of muscular dystrophy models Large(myd), Dmd(mdx)/Large(myd) and Dmd(mdx): what makes them different? Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1301-9. [PMID: 26932192 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of Mendelian diseases. The underlying pathophysiology and phenotypic variability in each form are much more complex, suggesting the involvement of many other genes. Thus, here we studied the whole genome expression profile in muscles from three mice models for MD, at different time points: Dmd(mdx) (mutation in dystrophin gene), Large(myd-/-) (mutation in Large) and Dmd(mdx)/Large(myd-/-) (both mutations). The identification of altered biological functions can contribute to understand diseases and to find prognostic biomarkers and points for therapeutic intervention. We identified a substantial number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each model, reflecting diseases' complexity. The main biological process affected in the three strains was immune system, accounting for the majority of enriched functional categories, followed by degeneration/regeneration and extracellular matrix remodeling processes. The most notable differences were in 21-day-old Dmd(mdx), with a high proportion of DEGs related to its regenerative capacity. A higher number of positive embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC) fibers confirmed this. The new Dmd(mdx)/Large(myd-/-) model did not show a highly different transcriptome from the parental lineages, with a profile closer to Large(myd-/-), but not bearing the same regenerative potential as Dmd(mdx). This is the first report about transcriptome profile of a mouse model for congenital MD and Dmd(mdx)/Large(myd). By comparing the studied profiles, we conclude that alterations in biological functions due to the dystrophic process are very similar, and that the intense regeneration in Dmd(mdx) involves a large number of activated genes, not differentially expressed in the other two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Almeida
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Poliana Cm Martins
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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164
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Loguercio AD, Stanislawczuk R, Malaquias P, Gutierrez MF, Bauer J, Reis A. Effect of Minocycline on the Durability of Dentin Bonding Produced with Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives. Oper Dent 2016; 41:511-519. [PMID: 26918930 DOI: 10.2341/15-023-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of minocycline and chlorhexidine pretreatment of acid-etched dentin on the longevity of resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives. METHODS Before application of Prime & Bond NT and Adper Single Bond 2 in occlusal dentin, the dentin surfaces were treated with 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed, air-dried, and rewetted with water (control group), 2% minocycline, or 2% chlorexidine digluconate. Composite buildups were constructed incrementally, and specimens were longitudinally sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm2) to be tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately or after 24 months of water storage. For nanoleakage, two specimens of each tooth/period were immersed in the silver nitrate solution, photo-developed, and polished with SiC paper for analysis under energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy/scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Reductions of the μTBS and increases in the nanoleakage were observed for both adhesives when the rewetting procedure was performed with water. Stable bonds were observed for the 2% minocycline and 2% chlorexidine digluconate groups after 24 months. CONCLUSIONS The use of 2% minocycline as pretreatment of acid-etched dentin is one alternative to retard the degradation of resin-dentin interfaces over a 24-month period as well as 2% chlorexidine digluconate.
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165
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Mechanisms of degradation of the hybrid layer in adhesive dentistry and therapeutic agents to improve bond durability—A literature review. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e41-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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166
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Sharma MC, Tuszynski GP, Blackman MR, Sharma M. Long-term efficacy and downstream mechanism of anti-annexinA2 monoclonal antibody (anti-ANX A2 mAb) in a pre-clinical model of aggressive human breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:27-35. [PMID: 26797420 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable direct evidence that calcium binding protein ANX A2 is a potential target for treating aggressive breast cancer. The most compelling data are based on the finding of ANX A2 overexpression in aggressive triple negative human breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines and in human breast cancer tissues. Previously, we and others reported a unique role of ANX A2 in cancer invasion, including breast cancer. Moreover, we demonstrated that anti-ANX A2 mAb-mediated immunoneutralization of ANX A2 inhibited invasive human breast cancer growth in a xenograft model. We further evaluated the long-term effects of multiple treatments with anti-ANX A2 mAb and its mechanism of inhibition on human breast tumor growth. We now demonstrate that three treatments with anti-ANX A2 mAb led to significant inhibition of breast tumor growth in immunodeficient mice, and that the anti-tumor response was demonstrable from day 94. After treatment, we followed tumor growth for 172 days and demonstrated 67% inhibition of tumor growth without detectable adverse effects. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that anti-ANX A2 mAb treatment caused significant inhibition of conversion of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the tumor microenvironment. This led to disruption of plasmin generation that consequently inhibited activation of MMP-9 and MMP-2. These results suggest that ANX A2 plays an important role in aggressive breast tumor growth by regulating proteolytic pathways in the tumor microenvironment. ANX A2 may represent a new target for the development of therapeutics for treatment of aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh C Sharma
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - George P Tuszynski
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marc R Blackman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Meena Sharma
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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167
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Yang JY, Wang P, Li CY, Dong S, Song XY, Zhang XY, Xie BB, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ, Chen XL. Characterization of a New M13 Metallopeptidase from Deep-Sea Shewanella sp. E525-6 and Mechanistic Insight into Its Catalysis. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1498. [PMID: 26779153 PMCID: PMC4701951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular peptidases are important for bacterial nutrition and organic nitrogen degradation in the ocean. While many peptidases of the M13 family from terrestrial animals and bacteria are studied, there has been no report on M13 peptidases from marine bacteria. Here, we characterized an M13 peptidase, PepS, from the deep-sea sedimentary strain Shewanella sp. E525-6, and investigated its substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism. The gene pepS cloned from strain E525-6 contains 2085 bp and encodes an M13 metallopeptidase. PepS was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Among the characterized M13 peptidases, PepS shares the highest sequence identity (47%) with Zmp1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, indicating that PepS is a new member of the M13 family. PepS had the highest activity at 30°C and pH 8.0. It retained 15% activity at 0°C. Its half life at 40°C was only 4 min. These properties indicate that PepS is a cold-adapted enzyme. The smallest substrate for PepS is pentapeptide, and it is probably unable to cleave peptides of more than 30 residues. PepS prefers to hydrolyze peptide bonds with P1′ hydrophobic residues. Structural and mutational analyses suggested that His531, His535 and Glu592 coordinate the catalytic zinc ion in PepS, Glu532 acts as a nucleophile, and His654 is probably involved in the transition state stabilization. Asp538 and Asp596 can stablize the orientations of His531 and His535, and Arg660 can stablize the orientation of Asp596. These results help in understanding marine bacterial peptidases and organic nitrogen degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Yang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Song
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
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168
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Structural characterization of zinc-bound Zmp1, a zinc-dependent metalloprotease secreted by Clostridium difficile. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 21:185-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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169
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Bhavani GS, Shah H, Shukla A, Gupta N, Gowrishankar K, Rao AP, Kabra M, Agarwal M, Ranganath P, Ekbote AV, Phadke SR, Kamath A, Dalal A, Girisha KM. Clinical and mutation profile of multicentric osteolysis nodulosis and arthropathy. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:410-417. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Department of Orthopedics, Pediatric Orthopedics services, Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal India
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Kalpana Gowrishankar
- Department of Medical Genetics; Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital; Chennai Tamilnadu India
| | | | - Madhulika Kabra
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Meenal Agarwal
- Department of Medical Genetics; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences; Lucknow India
| | - Prajnya Ranganath
- Department of Medical Genetics; Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences; Hyderabad India
- Division of Diagnostics; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics; Hyderabad India
| | - Alka V. Ekbote
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Christian Medical College and Hospital; Vellore India
| | - Shubha R. Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences; Lucknow India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Division of Diagnostics; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics; Hyderabad India
| | - Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal India
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170
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Decaneto E, Abbruzzetti S, Heise I, Lubitz W, Viappiani C, Knipp M. A caged substrate peptide for matrix metalloproteinases. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:300-7. [PMID: 25418033 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the widely applied fluorogenic peptide FS-6 (Mca-Lys-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2; Mca = methoxycoumarin-4-acetyl; Dpa = N-3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)l-α,β-diaminopropionyl) a caged substrate peptide Ac-Lys-Pro-Leu-Gly-Lys*-Lys-Ala-Arg-NH2 (*, position of the cage group) for matrix metalloproteinases was synthesized and characterized. The synthesis implies the modification of a carbamidated lysine side-chain amine with a photocleavable 2-nitrobenzyl group. Mass spectrometry upon UV irradiation demonstrated the complete photolytic cleavage of the protecting group. Time-resolved laser-flash photolysis at 355 nm in combination with transient absorption spectroscopy determined the biphasic decomposition with τa = 171 ± 3 ms (79%) and τb = 2.9 ± 0.2 ms (21%) at pH 6.0 of the photo induced release of the 2-nitrobenzyl group. The recombinantly expressed catalytic domain of human membrane type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP or MMP-14) was used to determine the hydrolysis efficiency of the caged peptide before and after photolysis. It turned out that the cage group sufficiently shields the peptide from peptidase activity, which can be thus controlled by UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Decaneto
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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171
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Proteases decode the extracellular matrix cryptome. Biochimie 2015; 122:300-13. [PMID: 26382969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is comprised of 1100 core-matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins and of glycosaminoglycans. This structural scaffold contributes to the organization and mechanical properties of tissues and modulates cell behavior. The extracellular matrix is dynamic and undergoes constant remodeling, which leads to diseases if uncontrolled. Bioactive fragments, called matricryptins, are released from the extracellular proteins by limited proteolysis and have biological activities on their own. They regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, cancer, diabetes, wound healing, fibrosis and infectious diseases and either improve or worsen the course of diseases depending on the matricryptins and on the molecular and biological contexts. Several protease families release matricryptins from core-matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins both in vitro and in vivo. The major proteases, which decrypt the extracellular matrix, are zinc metalloproteinases of the metzincin superfamily (matrixins, adamalysins and astacins), cysteine proteinases and serine proteases. Some matricryptins act as enzyme inhibitors, further connecting protease and matricryptin fates and providing intricate regulation of major physiopathological processes such as angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. They strengthen the role of the extracellular matrix as a key player in tissue failure and core-matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins as important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- UMR 5086 CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- UMR 5086 CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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172
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Schacherl M, Pichlo C, Neundorf I, Baumann U. Structural Basis of Proline-Proline Peptide Bond Specificity of the Metalloprotease Zmp1 Implicated in Motility of Clostridium difficile. Structure 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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173
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Yang H, Makaroff K, Paz N, Aitha M, Crowder MW, Tierney DL. Metal Ion Dependence of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Mechanism. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3631-9. [PMID: 26018933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) plays crucial roles in disease-related physiologies and pathological processes in the human body. We report here solution studies of MMP-1, including characterization of a series of mutants designed to bind metal in either the catalytic site or the structural site (but not both). Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy of the mutants demonstrate the importance of the structural Zn(II) in maintaining both secondary and tertiary structure, while UV-visible, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure show its presence influences the catalytic metal ion's coordination number. The mutants allow us to demonstrate convincingly the preparation of a mixed-metal analogue, Co(C)Zn(S)-MMP-1, with Zn(II) in the structural site and Co(II) in the catalytic site. Stopped-flow fluorescence of the native form, Zn(C)Zn(S)-MMP-1, and the mixed-metal Co(C)Zn(S)-MMP-1 analogue shows that the internal fluorescence of a nearby Trp residue is modulated with catalysis and can be used to monitor reactivity under a number of conditions, opening the door to substrate profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Katherine Makaroff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Nicholas Paz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Mahesh Aitha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Michael W Crowder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - David L Tierney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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174
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Radisky ES, Radisky DC. Matrix metalloproteinases as breast cancer drivers and therapeutic targets. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2015; 20:1144-63. [PMID: 25961550 DOI: 10.2741/4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family have been identified as poor prognosis markers for breast cancer patients and as drivers of many facets of the tumor phenotype in experimental models. Early enthusiasm for MMPs as therapeutic targets was tempered following disappointing clinical trials that utilized broad spectrum, small molecule catalytic site inhibitors. However, subsequent research has continued to define key roles for MMPs as breast cancer promoters, to elucidate the complex roles that that these proteins play in breast cancer development and progression, and to identify how these roles are linked to specific and unique biochemical features of individual members of the MMP family. Here, we provide an overview of the structural features of the MMPs, then discuss clinical studies identifying which MMP family members are linked with breast cancer development and new experimental studies that reveal how these specific MMPs may play unique roles in the breast cancer microenvironment. We conclude with a discussion of the most promising avenues for development of therapeutic agents capable of targeting the tumor-promoting properties of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224,
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175
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Glycolytic inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose and 3-bromopyruvate synergize with photodynamic therapy respectively to inhibit cell migration. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:189-97. [PMID: 25631472 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer cells have the specially increased glycolytic phenotype, which makes this pathway become an attractive therapeutic target. Although glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) has been demonstrated to potentiate the cytotoxicity of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the impacts on cell migration after the combined treatment has never been reported yet. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of glycolytic inhibitors 2-DG and 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) combined with Ce6-PDT on cell motility of Triple Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. As determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium-bromide-Tetraz-olium (MTT) assay, more decreased cell viability was observed in 2-DG + PDT and 3-BP + PDT groups when compared with either monotherapy. Under optimal conditions, synergistic potentiation on cell membrane destruction and the decline of cell adhesion and cells migratory ability were observed in both 2-DG + PDT and 3-BP + PDT by electron microscope observation (SEM), wound healing and trans-well assays. Besides, serious microfilament network collapses as well as impairment of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were notably improved after the combined treatments by immunofluorescent staining. These results suggest that 2-DG and 3-BP can both significantly potentiated Ce6-PDT efficacy of cell migration inhibition.
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176
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Gupta SP. QSAR Studies on Hydroxamic Acids: A Fascinating Family of Chemicals with a Wide Spectrum of Activities. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6427-90. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500483r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satya P. Gupta
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Shamla
Hills, Bhopal-462002, India
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177
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Abstract
Since the identification of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, as being a driving factor for cancer progression and patient prognosis, MMPs have been studied extensively. Although early programs targeting MMPs were largely unsuccessful in clinical trials, they remain a viable and highly desirable therapeutic target based on preclinical studies and their role in disease progression. As information regarding the structure and function of these proteinases is compiled and biotechnology evolves, tools to develop better inhibitors is within our grasp. Improved methods for high throughput screening and in silico drug design programs have identified compounds which are highly potent, have high binding affinities, and exhibit favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. More recently, advances in drug delivery methods or compounds which bind outside the active site have brought new light to the field. In this review, we highlight the role of MMPs in cancer, clinical trials for MMP inhibitors, and novel approaches to targeting MMPs in cancer.
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178
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Díaz N, Suárez D. Extensive Simulations of the Full-Length Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Enzyme in a Prereactive Complex with a Collagen Triple-Helical Peptide. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1243-58. [DOI: 10.1021/bi501014w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Díaz
- Departamento
de Química
Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián
Clavería 8, Oviedo, Asturias, 33006 Spain
| | - Dimas Suárez
- Departamento
de Química
Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián
Clavería 8, Oviedo, Asturias, 33006 Spain
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179
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López-Pelegrín M, Ksiazek M, Karim AY, Guevara T, Arolas JL, Potempa J, Gomis-Rüth FX. A novel mechanism of latency in matrix metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4728-4740. [PMID: 25555916 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of secreted soluble or membrane-anchored multimodular peptidases regularly found in several paralogous copies in animals and plants, where they have multiple functions. The minimal consensus domain architecture comprises a signal peptide, a 60-90-residue globular prodomain with a conserved sequence motif including a cysteine engaged in "cysteine-switch" or "Velcro" mediated latency, and a catalytic domain. Karilysin, from the human periodontopathogen Tannerella forsythia, is the only bacterial MMP to have been characterized biochemically to date. It shares with eukaryotic forms the catalytic domain but none of the flanking domains. Instead of the consensus MMP prodomain, it features a 14-residue propeptide, the shortest reported for a metallopeptidase, which lacks cysteines. Here we determined the structure of a prokarilysin fragment encompassing the propeptide and the catalytic domain, and found that the former runs across the cleft in the opposite direction to a bound substrate and inhibits the latter through an "aspartate-switch" mechanism. This finding is reminiscent of latency maintenance in the otherwise unrelated astacin and fragilysin metallopeptidase families. In addition, in vivo and biochemical assays showed that the propeptide contributes to protein folding and stability. Our analysis of prokarilysin reveals a novel mechanism of latency and activation in MMPs. Finally, our findings support the view that the karilysin catalytic domain was co-opted by competent bacteria through horizontal gene transfer from a eukaryotic source, and later evolved in a specific bacterial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar López-Pelegrín
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miroslaw Ksiazek
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland, and
| | - Abdulkarim Y Karim
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland, and
| | - Tibisay Guevara
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan L Arolas
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,.
| | - Jan Potempa
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland, and; the Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40202.
| | - F Xavier Gomis-Rüth
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,.
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180
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Halder AK, Mallick S, Shikha D, Saha A, Saha KD, Jha T. Design of dual MMP-2/HDAC-8 inhibitors by pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking, synthesis and biological activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent analyses have highlighted the promotion of cancer migration and invasion, mediated through HDAC via MMP-2 and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Halder
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Sumana Mallick
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Deep Shikha
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
| | - Krishna D. Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
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181
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Jalkute CB, Barage SH, Sonawane KD. Insight into molecular interactions of Aβ peptide and gelatinase from Enterococcus faecalis: a molecular modeling approach. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09354b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of extracellular deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagar H. Barage
- Department of Biotechnology
- Shivaji University
- Kolhapur 416004
- India
| | - Kailas D. Sonawane
- Department of Microbiology
- Shivaji University
- Kolhapur 416004
- India
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit
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182
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Family as Molecular Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7681-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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183
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Cerdà-Costa N, Gomis-Rüth FX. Architecture and function of metallopeptidase catalytic domains. Protein Sci 2014; 23:123-44. [PMID: 24596965 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cleavage of peptide bonds by metallopeptidases (MPs) is essential for life. These ubiquitous enzymes participate in all major physiological processes, and so their deregulation leads to diseases ranging from cancer and metastasis, inflammation, and microbial infection to neurological insults and cardiovascular disorders. MPs cleave their substrates without a covalent intermediate in a single-step reaction involving a solvent molecule, a general base/acid, and a mono- or dinuclear catalytic metal site. Most monometallic MPs comprise a short metal-binding motif (HEXXH), which includes two metal-binding histidines and a general base/acid glutamate, and they are grouped into the zincin tribe of MPs. The latter divides mainly into the gluzincin and metzincin clans. Metzincins consist of globular ∼ 130-270-residue catalytic domains, which are usually preceded by N-terminal pro-segments, typically required for folding and latency maintenance. The catalytic domains are often followed by C-terminal domains for substrate recognition and other protein-protein interactions, anchoring to membranes, oligomerization, and compartmentalization. Metzincin catalytic domains consist of a structurally conserved N-terminal subdomain spanning a five-stranded β-sheet, a backing helix, and an active-site helix. The latter contains most of the metal-binding motif, which is here characteristically extended to HEXXHXXGXX(H,D). Downstream C-terminal subdomains are generally shorter, differ more among metzincins, and mainly share a conserved loop--the Met-turn--and a C-terminal helix. The accumulated structural data from more than 300 deposited structures of the 12 currently characterized metzincin families reviewed here provide detailed knowledge of the molecular features of their catalytic domains, help in our understanding of their working mechanisms, and form the basis for the design of novel drugs.
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184
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Wang J, Zhu CP, Hu PF, Qian H, Ning BF, Zhang Q, Chen F, Liu J, Shi B, Zhang X, Xie WF. FOXA2 suppresses the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma partially through matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2576-83. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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185
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Portes-Junior JA, Yamanouye N, Carneiro SM, Knittel PS, Sant’Anna SS, Nogueira FCS, Junqueira M, Magalhães GS, Domont GB, Moura-da-Silva AM. Unraveling the Processing and Activation of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3338-48. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio C. S. Nogueira
- Unidade
de Proteômica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Magno Junqueira
- Unidade
de Proteômica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto B. Domont
- Unidade
de Proteômica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
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186
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Kang SG, Araya-Secchi R, Wang D, Wang B, Huynh T, Zhou R. Dual inhibitory pathways of metallofullerenol Gd@C₈₂(OH)₂₂ on matrix metalloproteinase-2: molecular insight into drug-like nanomedicine. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4775. [PMID: 24758941 PMCID: PMC3998016 DOI: 10.1038/srep04775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is an important criterion to evaluate tumor malignancy. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in cancer proliferation and migration by virtue of their proteolytic functions in angiogenesis and extracelluar matrix (ECM) degradation, making them potential targets of anti-metastaic therapeutics. Recently we showed with both in vivo and in vitro experiments that metallofullerenol Gd@C82(OH)22 can effectively inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 with high antitumoral efficacy. Furthermore, our in silico study revealed that Gd@C82(OH)22 could indirectly inhibit the proteolysis of MMP-9 via allosteric modulation exclusively at the ligand specificity S1′ loop. Here, we expand our study toward another gelatinase, MMP-2, using molecular dynamics simulations. Despite the high structural similarity with 64.3% sequence identity, their responses to Gd@C82(OH)22 were quite different. Toward MMP-2, Gd@C82(OH)22 could block either the Zn2+-catalylitic site directly or the S1′ loop indirectly. Surface electrostatics uniquely determines the initial adsorption of Gd@C82(OH)22 on MMP-2, and then its further location of the most favorable binding site(s). These findings not only illustrated how the inhibitory mechanism of Gd@C82(OH)22 is distinguished between the two gelatinase MMPs with atomic details, but also shed light on the de novo design of anti-metastatic nanotherapeutics with enhanced target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-gu Kang
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Raul Araya-Secchi
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Soft Matter Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tien Huynh
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- 1] Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA [2] Soft Matter Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China [3] Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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187
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Galea CA, Nguyen HM, George Chandy K, Smith BJ, Norton RS. Domain structure and function of matrix metalloprotease 23 (MMP23): role in potassium channel trafficking. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1191-210. [PMID: 23912897 PMCID: PMC11113776 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
MMP23 is a member of the matrix metalloprotease family of zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases, which are involved in a wide variety of cellular functions. Its catalytic domain displays a high degree of structural homology with those of other metalloproteases, but its atypical domain architecture suggests that it may possess unique functional properties. The N-terminal MMP23 pro-domain contains a type-II transmembrane domain that anchors the protein to the plasma membrane and lacks the cysteine-switch motif that is required to maintain other MMPs in a latent state during passage to the cell surface. Instead of the C-terminal hemopexin domain common to other MMPs, MMP23 contains a small toxin-like domain (TxD) and an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule (IgCAM) domain. The MMP23 pro-domain can trap Kv1.3 but not closely-related Kv1.2 channels in the endoplasmic reticulum, preventing their passage to the cell surface, while the TxD can bind to the channel pore and block the passage of potassium ions. The MMP23 C-terminal IgCAM domain displays some similarity to Ig-like C2-type domains found in IgCAMs of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which are known to mediate protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. MMP23 and Kv1.3 are co-expressed in a variety of tissues and together are implicated in diseases including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action of this unique member of the MMP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Galea
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia,
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188
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Renal biopsy: use of biomarkers as a tool for the diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:192836. [PMID: 24719498 PMCID: PMC3955602 DOI: 10.1155/2014/192836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a glomerulopathy associated with nephrotic syndrome and podocyte injury. FSGS occurs both in children and adults and it is considered the main idiopathic nephrotic syndrome nowadays. It is extremely difficult to establish a morphological diagnosis, since some biopsies lack a considerable quantifiable number of sclerotic glomeruli, given their focal aspect and the fact that FSGS occurs in less than half of the glomeruli. Therefore, many biological molecules have been evaluated as potential markers that would enhance the diagnosis of FSGS. Some of these molecules and receptors are associated with the pathogenesis of FSGS and have potential use in diagnosis.
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189
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Zastrow M, Pecoraro VL. Designing hydrolytic zinc metalloenzymes. Biochemistry 2014; 53:957-78. [PMID: 24506795 PMCID: PMC3985962 DOI: 10.1021/bi4016617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential element required for the function of more than 300 enzymes spanning all classes. Despite years of dedicated study, questions regarding the connections between primary and secondary metal ligands and protein structure and function remain unanswered, despite numerous mechanistic, structural, biochemical, and synthetic model studies. Protein design is a powerful strategy for reproducing native metal sites that may be applied to answering some of these questions and subsequently generating novel zinc enzymes. From examination of the earliest design studies introducing simple Zn(II)-binding sites into de novo and natural protein scaffolds to current studies involving the preparation of efficient hydrolytic zinc sites, it is increasingly likely that protein design will achieve reaction rates previously thought possible only for native enzymes. This Current Topic will review the design and redesign of Zn(II)-binding sites in de novo-designed proteins and native protein scaffolds toward the preparation of catalytic hydrolytic sites. After discussing the preparation of Zn(II)-binding sites in various scaffolds, we will describe relevant examples for reengineering existing zinc sites to generate new or altered catalytic activities. Then, we will describe our work on the preparation of a de novo-designed hydrolytic zinc site in detail and present comparisons to related designed zinc sites. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the significant progress being made toward building zinc metalloenzymes from the bottom up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent L. Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
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190
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Toledano M, Cabello I, Vílchez MAC, Fernández MA, Osorio R. Surface microanalysis and chemical imaging of early dentin remineralization. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:245-256. [PMID: 24160361 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613013639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports physical and chemical changes that occur at early dentin remineralization stages. Extracted human third molars were sectioned to obtain dentin discs. After polishing the dentin surfaces, three groups were established: (1) untreated dentin (UD), (2) 37% phosphoric acid application for 15 s (partially demineralized dentin-PDD), and (3) 10% phosphoric acid for 12 h at 25° C (totally demineralized dentin-TDD). Five different remineralizing solutions were used: chlorhexidine (CHX), artificial saliva (AS), phosphate solution (PS), ZnCl2, and ZnO. Wettability (contact angle), ζ potential and Raman spectroscopy analysis were determined on dentin surfaces. Demineralization of dentin resulted in a higher contact angle. Wettability decreased after immersion in all solutions. ζ potential analysis showed dissimilar performance ranging from -6.21 mV (TDD + AS) up to 3.02 mV (PDD + PS). Raman analysis showed an increase in mineral components after immersing the dentin specimens, in terms of crystallinity, mineral content, and concentration. This confirmed the optimal incorporation and deposition of mineral on dentin collagen. Organic content reflected scarce changes, except in TDD that appeared partially denatured. Pyridinium, as an expression of cross-linking, appeared in all spectra except in specimens immersed in PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Cabello
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Angel Fernández
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Applied Physics Section, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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191
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Ogata H, Decaneto E, Grossman M, Havenith M, Sagi I, Lubitz W, Knipp M. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the catalytic domain of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:232-5. [PMID: 24637763 PMCID: PMC3936455 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x13034857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) belongs to the large family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases termed MMPs that are located in the extracellular matrix. MT1-MMP was crystallized at 277 K using the vapour-diffusion method with PEG as a precipitating agent. Data sets for MT1-MMP were collected to 2.24 Å resolution at 100 K. The crystals belonged to space group P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 62.99, c = 122.60 Å. The crystal contained one molecule per asymmetric unit, with a Matthews coefficient (VM) of 2.90 Å(3) Da(-1); the solvent content is estimated to be 57.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ogata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Elena Decaneto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Moran Grossman
- Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Martina Havenith
- Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Knipp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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192
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Farina AR, Mackay AR. Gelatinase B/MMP-9 in Tumour Pathogenesis and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:240-96. [PMID: 24473089 PMCID: PMC3980597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its original identification as a leukocyte gelatinase/type V collagenase and tumour type IV collagenase, gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is now recognised as playing a central role in many aspects of tumour progression. In this review, we relate current concepts concerning the many ways in which gelatinase B/MMP-9 influences tumour biology. Following a brief outline of the gelatinase B/MMP-9 gene and protein, we analyse the role(s) of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in different phases of the tumorigenic process, and compare the importance of gelatinase B/MMP-9 source in the carcinogenic process. What becomes apparent is the importance of inflammatory cell-derived gelatinase B/MMP-9 in tumour promotion, early progression and triggering of the "angiogenic switch", the integral relationship between inflammatory, stromal and tumour components with respect to gelatinase B/MMP-9 production and activation, and the fundamental role for gelatinase B/MMP-9 in the formation and maintenance of tumour stem cell and metastatic niches. It is also apparent that gelatinase B/MMP-9 plays important tumour suppressing functions, producing endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors, promoting inflammatory anti-tumour activity, and inducing apoptosis. The fundamental roles of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in cancer biology underpins the need for specific therapeutic inhibitors of gelatinase B/MMP-9 function, the use of which must take into account and substitute for tumour-suppressing gelatinase B/MMP-9 activity and also limit inhibition of physiological gelatinase B/MMP-9 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
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193
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Xu H, Mei Q, He J, Liu G, Zhao J, Xu B. Correlation of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 with Patient Age and Grade of Lumbar Disk Herniation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 69:439-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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194
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Design, synthesis and preliminary evaluation of α-sulfonyl γ-(glycinyl-amino)proline peptidomimetics as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:3055-64. [PMID: 24755524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel α-sulfonyl γ-(glycinyl-amino)proline peptidomimetic derivatives were designed, synthesized and assayed for their activities against matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 and HDACs. The results indicated that all the compounds exhibited highly selective inhibition against MMP-2 as compared with APN and HDACs. The antiproliferative activities of some compounds against SKOV3, HL60 and A549 cells were also investigated. Comparing with the control LY52, compound 12u, with excellent activity both in the enzymatic inhibition assay and cell-based assay, could be used as lead compound for the further development of MMP inhibitors.
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195
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Ruiz-Linares M, Bailón-Sánchez ME, Baca P, Valderrama M, Ferrer-Luque CM. Physical Properties of AH Plus with Chlorhexidine and Cetrimide. J Endod 2013; 39:1611-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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196
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Xia X, Ma Y, Xue S, Wang A, Tao J, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Liu R, Lu S. Cloning and molecular characterization of BumaMPs1, a novel metalloproteinases from the venom of scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. Toxicon 2013; 76:234-8. [PMID: 24125658 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion venoms metalloproteinase is involved in a number of important biological, physiological and pathophysiological processes. In this work, a complete sequence of metalloproteinase was first obtained from venom of scorpion Buthus martensi and named as BumaMPs1. BumaMPs1 has 393 amino acid residues containing with a molecular mass of 44.53 kDa, showing an isoelectric point of 5.66. The primary sequence analysis indicated that the BumaMPs1 contains a zinc-binding motif (HELGHNLGISH), methionine-turn motif (YIM), disintegrin-like domain (ETCD) and N-glycosylation site. The multiple alignment of its deduced amino acid sequence and those of other metalloproteinase showed a high structural similarly, mainly among class reprolysin proteases. The phylogenetic analysis showed early divergence and independent evolution of BumaMPs1 from other metalloproteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Xia
- Basal Medical College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China.
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197
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EcxAB is a founding member of a new family of metalloprotease AB5 toxins with a hybrid cholera-like B subunit. Structure 2013; 21:2003-13. [PMID: 24095060 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AB5 toxins are composed of an enzymatic A subunit that disrupts cellular function associated with a pentameric B subunit required for host cell invasion. EcxAB is an AB5 toxin isolated from clinical strains of Escherichia coli classified as part of the cholera family due to B subunit homology. Cholera-group toxins have catalytic ADP-ribosyltransferases as their A subunits, so it was surprising that EcxA did not. We confirmed that EcxAB self-associates as a functional toxin and obtained its structure. EcxAB is a prototypical member of a hybrid AB5 toxin family containing metzincin-type metalloproteases as their active A subunit paired to a cholera-like B subunit. Furthermore, EcxA is distinct from previously characterized proteases and thus founds an AB5-associated metzincin family that we term the toxilysins. EcxAB provides the first observation of conserved B subunit usage across different AB5 toxin families and provides evidence that the intersubunit interface of these toxins is far more permissive than previously supposed.
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198
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Batra J, Soares AS, Mehner C, Radisky ES. Matrix metalloproteinase-10/TIMP-2 structure and analyses define conserved core interactions and diverse exosite interactions in MMP/TIMP complexes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75836. [PMID: 24073280 PMCID: PMC3779175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play central roles in vertebrate tissue development, remodeling, and repair. The endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate proteolytic activity by binding tightly to the MMP active site. While each of the four TIMPs can inhibit most MMPs, binding data reveal tremendous heterogeneity in affinities of different TIMP/MMP pairs, and the structural features that differentiate stronger from weaker complexes are poorly understood. Here we report the crystal structure of the comparatively weakly bound human MMP-10/TIMP-2 complex at 2.1 Å resolution. Comparison with previously reported structures of MMP-3/TIMP-1, MT1-MMP/TIMP-2, MMP-13/TIMP-2, and MMP-10/TIMP-1 complexes offers insights into the structural basis of binding selectivity. Our analyses identify a group of highly conserved contacts at the heart of MMP/TIMP complexes that define the conserved mechanism of inhibition, as well as a second category of diverse adventitious contacts at the periphery of the interfaces. The AB loop of the TIMP N-terminal domain and the contact loops of the TIMP C-terminal domain form highly variable peripheral contacts that can be considered as separate exosite interactions. In some complexes these exosite contacts are extensive, while in other complexes the AB loop or C-terminal domain contacts are greatly reduced and appear to contribute little to complex stability. Our data suggest that exosite interactions can enhance MMP/TIMP binding, although in the relatively weakly bound MMP-10/TIMP-2 complex they are not well optimized to do so. Formation of highly variable exosite interactions may provide a general mechanism by which TIMPs are fine-tuned for distinct regulatory roles in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotica Batra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexei S. Soares
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine Mehner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Evette S. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Przemyslaw L, Boguslaw HA, Elzbieta S, Malgorzata SM. ADAM and ADAMTS family proteins and their role in the colorectal cancer etiopathogenesis. BMB Rep 2013; 46:139-50. [PMID: 23527857 PMCID: PMC4133867 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.3.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ADAM and ADAMTS families, also called adamalysins belong to an important group of extracellular matrix proteins. The ADAMs family belong to both the transmembrane and secreted proteins, while ADAMTS family only contains secreted forms. Adamalysins play an important role in the cell phenotype regulation via their activities in signaling pathways, cell adhesion and migration. The human proteome contains 21 ADAM, and 19 ADAMTS proteins, which are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, shedding of various substrates such as: adhesion ligands, growth factors, their receptors and diverse cytokines. Recent studies provide evidence that adamalysins play a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC) etiopathogenesis. It seems possible that adamalysins might be used as CRC prediction markers or potential pharmaceutical targets. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(3): 139-150]
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Stura EA, Visse R, Cuniasse P, Dive V, Nagase H. Crystal structure of full-length human collagenase 3 (MMP-13) with peptides in the active site defines exosites in the catalytic domain. FASEB J 2013; 27:4395-405. [PMID: 23913860 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 is one of the mammalian collagenases that play key roles in tissue remodelling and repair and in progression of diseases such as cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm. For collagenase to cleave triple helical collagens, the triple helical structure has to be locally unwound before hydrolysis, but this process is not well understood. We report crystal structures of catalytically inactive full-length human MMP-13(E223A) in complex with peptides of 14-26 aa derived from the cleaved prodomain during activation. Peptides are bound to the active site of the enzyme by forming an extended β-strand with Glu(40) or Tyr(46) inserted into the S1' specificity pocket. The structure of the N-terminal part of the peptides is variable and interacts with different parts of the catalytic domain. Those areas are designated substrate-dependent exosites, in that they accommodate different peptide structures, whereas the precise positioning of the substrate backbone is maintained in the active site. These modes of peptide-MMP-13 interactions have led us to propose how triple helical collagen strands fit into the active site cleft of the collagenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico A Stura
- 2H.N., Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
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