151
|
Hamer M, Dye L, Siobhan Mitchell E, Layé S, Saunders C, Boyle N, Schuermans J, Sijben J. Examining techniques for measuring the effects of nutrients on mental performance and mood state. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:1991-2000. [PMID: 26744300 PMCID: PMC5009169 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Intake of specific nutrients has been linked to mental states and various indices of cognitive performance although the effects are often subtle and difficult to interpret. Measurement of so-called objective variables (e.g. reaction times) is often considered to be the gold standard for assessing outcomes in this field of research. It can, however, be argued that data on subjective experience (e.g. mood) are also important and may enrich existing objective data. The aim of this review is to evaluate methods for measuring mental performance and mood, considering the definition of subjective mood and the validity of measures of subjective experience. Methods A multi-stakeholder expert group was invited by ILSI Europe to come to a consensus around the utility of objective and subjective measurement in this field, which forms the basis of the paper. Therefore, the present review reflects a succinct overview of the science but is not intended to be a systematic review. Results The proposed approach extends the traditional methodology using standard ‘objective’ measurements to also include the consumers’ subjective experiences in relation to food. Specific recommendations include 1) using contemporary methods to capture transient mood states; 2) using sufficiently sensitive measures to capture effects of nutritional intervention; 3) considering the possibility that subjective and objective responses will occur over different time frames; and 4) recognition of the importance of expectancy and placebo effects for subjective measures. Conclusions The consensus reached was that the most informative approach should involve collection and consideration of both objective and subjective data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hamer
- Department Epidemiology and Public Health, Psychobiology Group, University College London, 1 - 19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Louise Dye
- Human Appetite Research Unit, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Université Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Saunders
- PepsiCo, 450 South Oak Way, Green Park, Reading, RG2 6UW, UK.,Lucozade Ribena Suntory Ltd, 2 Longwalk Road, Stockley Park, Uxbridge, UB11 1BA, UK
| | - Neil Boyle
- Human Appetite Research Unit, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jeroen Schuermans
- ILSI Europe, Brussels, Belgium, International Life Sciences Institute, Europe, 83 Avenue E. Mounier, B6, Brussels, BE, 1200, USA.
| | - John Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Muldoon MF, Laderian B, Kuan DCH, Sereika SM, Marsland AL, Manuck SB. Fish oil supplementation does not lower C-reactive protein or interleukin-6 levels in healthy adults. J Intern Med 2016; 279:98-109. [PMID: 26497831 PMCID: PMC5642109 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may prevent a range of chronic conditions through anti-inflammatory actions. However, as clinical trials using these fatty acids for primary prevention are yet unavailable, their putative role in disease prevention rests, in part, on evidence of anti-inflammatory actions in healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE To investigate in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial whether supplementation with a moderate dose of EPA+DHA reduces common biomarkers of chronic, systemic inflammation in healthy individuals. METHODS A total of 261 healthy individuals aged 30-54 years who were free of inflammatory conditions and consumed ≤ 300 mg per day EPA+DHA were included in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to 18 weeks of either fish oil supplementation providing 1400 mg per day EPA+DHA or matching placebo. Outcome measures were serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6. In a substudy, ex vivo cytokine production was measured. Missing data for CRP and IL-6 were estimated using regression imputation. Data analyses conformed to intention-to-treat principles. RESULTS Participant blinding was verified. Red blood cell EPA+DHA increased by 64% in the active treatment group, but serum CRP and IL-6 were not affected by supplementation (P ≥ 0.20). Findings were consistent with and without imputed values and across subgroups. Similarly, EPA+DHA supplementation did not alter ex vivo production of four pro-inflammatory cytokines (P ≥ 0.20). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with 1400 mg EPA+DHA did not reduce common markers of systemic inflammation in healthy adults. Whether this or a higher dose affects other measures of inflammation, oxidative stress or immune function warrants examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Muldoon
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B Laderian
- Department of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - D C H Kuan
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S M Sereika
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S B Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
|
154
|
Hou YC, Lai CH. Enhancing therapeutic effects after augmentation of omega-3 fatty acid with long-term antidepressant therapy in a chronic case of panic disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:72-3. [PMID: 26556221 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Hou
- Department of Nutrition, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Ganança L, Oquendo MA, Tyrka AR, Cisneros-Trujillo S, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:296-310. [PMID: 26546783 PMCID: PMC4910882 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune dysregulation has been implicated in depression and other psychiatric disorders. What is less clear is how immune dysregulation can affect risk of suicidal behavior. We reviewed the scientific literature concerning cytokines related to suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior and suicide, and surveyed clinical and neurobiological factors associated with cytokine levels that may modulate effects of inflammation on suicide risk. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO for relevant studies published from 1980 through February, 2015. Papers were included if they were written in English and focused on cytokine measurements in patients with suicidal behaviors. RESULTS The literature search yielded 22 studies concerning cytokines and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts or suicide completion. The most consistent finding was elevated interleukin (IL)-6, found in 8 out of 14 studies, in CSF, blood, and postmortem brain. In one study, IL-6 in CSF was also found to be higher in violent than nonviolent attempters and to correlate with future suicide completion. Low plasma IL-2 was observed in 2 studies of suicide attempters, while divergent results were seen for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-4, and soluble Il-2 receptors. CONCLUSIONS Given the complexity suggested by the heterogenous cytokine findings, putative mediators and moderators of inflammation on suicidal behavior merit further study. Elevated IL-6 was the most robust cytokine finding, associated with suicidal ideation and both nonfatal suicide attempts and suicides. Future studies should evaluate the predictive value of high IL-6, consider how this may alter brain function to impact suicidal behavior, and explore the potential beneficial effects of reducing IL-6 on suicide risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licínia Ganança
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, 02912 RI, USA
| | - Sebastian Cisneros-Trujillo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - J. John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Sublette
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Corresponding author: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 42, NY, NY 10032. Tel: (646) 774-7514; Fax: (646) 774-7589
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Are Anxiety Disorders Associated with Accelerated Aging? A Focus on Neuroprogression. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:8457612. [PMID: 26881136 PMCID: PMC4736204 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8457612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (AnxDs) are highly prevalent throughout the lifespan, with detrimental effects on daily-life functioning, somatic health, and quality of life. An emerging perspective suggested that AnxDs may be associated with accelerated aging. In this paper, we explored the association between AnxDs and hallmarks of accelerated aging, with a specific focus on neuroprogression. We reviewed animal and human findings that suggest an overlap between processes of impaired neurogenesis, neurodegeneration, structural, functional, molecular, and cellular modifications in AnxDs, and aging. Although this research is at an early stage, our review suggests a link between anxiety and accelerated aging across multiple processes involved in neuroprogression. Brain structural and functional changes that accompany normal aging were more pronounced in subjects with AnxDs than in coevals without AnxDs, including reduced grey matter density, white matter alterations, impaired functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks, and poorer cognitive performance. Similarly, molecular correlates of brain aging, including telomere shortening, Aβ accumulation, and immune-inflammatory and oxidative/nitrosative stress, were overrepresented in anxious subjects. No conclusions about causality or directionality between anxiety and accelerated aging can be drawn. Potential mechanisms of this association, limitations of the current research, and implications for treatments and future studies are discussed.
Collapse
|
157
|
Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with quality of life-related symptoms in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 12:370-5. [PMID: 25615959 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201410-463oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Inflammation is associated with symptoms in many chronic illnesses; however, this link has not been established in pulmonary arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory markers and quality of life-related symptoms in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that higher circulating IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels would be associated with worse quality of life-related symptoms. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis using baseline and 3-month assessments of 62 subjects in a clinical trial of aspirin and simvastatin to determine the association between plasma IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 subscales (pain, vitality, mental health). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The mean age was 49.7±13.4 years; 87% were female. Higher IL-6 levels were significantly associated with lower Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 subscale scores, indicating worse bodily pain, vitality, and mental health (all P<0.01). Higher tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly associated with increased bodily pain, but better mental health scores. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels are associated with certain quality of life domains in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00384865).
Collapse
|
158
|
Ryan L, Symington AM. Algal-oil supplements are a viable alternative to fish-oil supplements in terms of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA). J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
159
|
Neuroinflammatory processes in cognitive disorders: Is there a role for flavonoids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in counteracting their detrimental effects? Neurochem Int 2015; 89:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
160
|
Short-term supplementation of acute long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may alter depression status and decrease symptomology among young adults with depression: A preliminary randomized and placebo controlled trial. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:485-9. [PMID: 26188642 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the psychological effects of acute and low-dose long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) supplementation on young adults with depressive symptoms. Participants (N=23, M age (SD)=20.2 (1.25), 78% female), with a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of greater than 10, were randomly assigned to a placebo (corn oil) or LCPUFAs group (1.4g of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaeonic acids) and were instructed to consume the assigned capsules daily for 21-days. BDI was completed prior to supplementation and at day 21. Group differences in depression status on day 21 were analyzed using chi-square tests. After 21-days of supplementation, there was a significant difference in depression status between groups. 67% of the LCPUFAs no longer met criteria for being depressed, while only 20% in the placebo group were no longer depressed. A mixed ANOVA revealed a significant group x time interaction for BDI scores. Post-hoc analyses revealed the LCPFUAs group had a significant reduction in BDI scores over time, while the placebo group's scores did not significantly change. These findings suggest that LCPUFAs may alter depression and depressive symptomology in young adults in a relatively short amount of time.
Collapse
|
161
|
ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects, Mechanisms and Dietary Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22636-61. [PMID: 26393581 PMCID: PMC4613328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ω-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) have, since the 1970s, been associated with beneficial health effects. They are, however, prone to lipid peroxidation due to their many double bonds. Lipid peroxidation is a process that may lead to increased oxidative stress, a condition associated with adverse health effects. Recently, conflicting evidence regarding the health benefits of intake of n-3 from seafood or n-3 supplements has emerged. The aim of this review was thus to examine recent literature regarding health aspects of n-3 FA intake from fish or n-3 supplements, and to discuss possible reasons for the conflicting findings. There is a broad consensus that fish and seafood are the optimal sources of n-3 FA and consumption of approximately 2-3 servings per week is recommended. The scientific evidence of benefits from n-3 supplementation has diminished over time, probably due to a general increase in seafood consumption and better pharmacological intervention and acute treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Collapse
|
162
|
Vesco AT, Lehmann J, Gracious BL, Arnold LE, Young AS, Fristad MA. Omega-3 Supplementation for Psychotic Mania and Comorbid Anxiety in Children. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2015; 25:526-34. [PMID: 26288263 PMCID: PMC4576937 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2013.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Therapeutic benefits of omega-3 fatty acids (Ω3) for mood disorders, psychosis, and anxiety have been reported in the literature. The purpose of the present article is to provide a literature review of Ω3 supplementation for affective disorders and to illustrate the benefits of Ω3 with a case presentation of a young girl with a history of bipolar disorder-type 1 with psychotic features and generalized anxiety disorder. METHODS Reviewed literature includes treatment studies of the impact of Ω3 on child mood disorders supplemented by review of meta-analyses within the adult mood disorders literature. The subject of this case report participated in 11 in-depth diagnostic and functional assessments over 5 years as part of an unrelated study. Three years were presupplementation and 2 years were with supplementation with no other medication changes, thus making a naturalistic multiple-baseline single-subject experiment. RESULTS Augmentation over a 2 year period was notable for clinically significant and sustained improvement in depressive, manic, and psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSION Ω3 supplementation may be a safe, adjunct intervention for treating bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, even in the presence of psychotic and anxious features. The 2 year follow-up in this case offers hope of an accumulating and enduring benefit. Further research into mechanisms of Ω3 action and of combination treatment with other well-known interventions for mood disorders would be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T. Vesco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Lehmann
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Barbara L. Gracious
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - L. Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrea S. Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mary A. Fristad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Su KP, Matsuoka Y, Pae CU. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Prevention of Mood and Anxiety Disorders. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 13:129-37. [PMID: 26243838 PMCID: PMC4540034 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders in general, and major depression and anxiety disorders in particular, account for a large burden of disability, morbidity and premature mortality worldwide. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a range of neurobiological activities in modulation of neurotransmitters, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and neuroplasticity, which could contribute to psychotropic effects. Here we reviewed recent research on the benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplements in prevention against major depression, bipolar disorders, interferon-α-induced depression patients with chronic hepatitis C viral infection, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The biological mechanisms underlying omega-3 PUFAs'psychotropic effects are proposed and reviewed. Nutrition is a modifiable environmental factor that might be important in prevention medicine, which have been applied for many years in the secondary prevention of heart disease with omega-3 PUFAs. This review extends the notion that nutrition in psychiatry is a modifiable environmental factor and calls for more researches on prospective clinical studies to justify the preventive application of omega-3 PUFAs in daily practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yutaka Matsuoka
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Brain membrane lipids in major depression and anxiety disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1052-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
165
|
Li Z, Ren W, Han X, Liu X, Wang G, Zhang M, Pang D, Ouyang H, Tang X. ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 expression in macrophages and animal models. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1771-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Wenzhi Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Gangqi Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Boorman E, Romano GF, Russell A, Mondelli V, Pariante CM. Are Mood and Anxiety Disorders Inflammatory Diseases? Psychiatr Ann 2015. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20150501-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
167
|
Abstract
Metaanalysen zeigen, dass die Verabreichung von Omega-3-Fettsäuren zu einer geringfügigen Reduktion der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssymptomatik bei Kindern führt. Für eine positive Wirkung von Omega-3 auf emotionale und kognitive Funktionen bei gesunden Kindern gibt es bisher kaum Belege. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit einer Nahrungsergänzung bei 70 Kindergartenkindern im Alter von drei bis sechs Jahren überprüft. Die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit der Kinder (z. B. das Gedächtnis) wurde getestet und das Verhalten (z. B. Hyperaktivität, Ängstlichkeit) wurde durch Eltern sowie Kindergartenpädagoginnen eingestuft. Die Kinder wurden zufällig einer Therapie- oder Wartelistengruppe zugeteilt. Die Therapiegruppe erhielt acht Wochen lang täglich 800 mg Omega-3. Danach wurde die psychologische Testung wiederholt. Die Wartegruppe erhielt das Präparat nach der zweiten Testung. Aufgrund der Nahrungsergänzung mit Omega-3 zeigte sich eine Verbesserung kognitiver Funktionen (Gedächtnis, räumliches Denken), während das sozio-emotionale Verhalten unverändert blieb. In zukünftigen Studien sollten die Effekte an größeren Stichproben, sowie mittels neurobiologischer Parameter untermauert werden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Lang
- Institut für Psychologie der Universität Graz
| | - Julius Koch
- Institut für Psychologie der Universität Graz
| | | |
Collapse
|
168
|
Kleiner AC, Cladis DP, Santerre CR. A comparison of actual versus stated label amounts of EPA and DHA in commercial omega-3 dietary supplements in the United States. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1260-1267. [PMID: 25044306 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with health benefits throughout life and are obtained primarily through fish and fish oil supplements. Due to the growing popularity of dietary supplements, 47 commercial fish, krill, and algal oil supplements were analyzed for EPA, DHA, and other fatty acids. RESULTS For fish- and krill-based supplements, the range of EPA was 81.8 to 454.6 mg g(-1) oil and DHA was 51.6 to 220.4 mg g(-1) oil. For algal oil supplements, EPA ranged from 7.7 to 151.1 mg g(-1) oil and DHA ranged from 237.8 to 423.5 mg g(-1) oil. The percentage of the stated label amount for EPA and DHA ranged from 66 to 184% and 62 to 184%, respectively. Only 10 supplements (21% of those tested) had at least 100% of the stated label amount of EPA, while 12 supplements (25% of those tested) had at least 100% of the stated amount of DHA. Over 70% of the supplements tested did not contain the stated label amount of EPA or DHA. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the quality of fish oil supplements is not being adequately monitored by manufacturers or government agencies and increased testing is needed to ensure regulatory compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Kleiner
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, Stone Hall, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
169
|
Blanchard LB, McCarter GC. Insomnia and exacerbation of anxiety associated with high-EPA fish oil supplements after successful treatment of depression. Oxf Med Case Reports 2015; 2015:244-5. [PMID: 26634135 PMCID: PMC4664844 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A 54-year-old male consulted his general practitioner for increasing general anxiety and mild panic attacks despite effective treatment for recurrent major depressive disorder, which included a fish oil supplement enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The patient would awaken suddenly at night with shortness of breath and overwhelming worry. During the daytime, he felt a general, nonspecific anxiety and frequently experienced sympathetic activation upon confronting routine challenges. He also experienced dyspnea-induced feelings of panic. He reported that he stopped taking the fish oil supplements after several more months of symptoms, and his anxiety and insomnia then largely disappeared. Several weeks later, he resumed consumption of high-EPA fish oil at the prior dosage for 2 days. On both nights, the patient reported nighttime awakening similar to the previous episodes, followed by daytime agitation. Since halting the fish oil supplements, the anxiety and insomnia have not returned and his depression remains in remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon C McCarter
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Touro University California College of Pharmacy , Vallejo, CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Verly-Miguel MVB, Farias DR, Pinto TDJP, Lepsch J, Nardi AE, Kac G. Serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is inversely associated with anxiety disorders in early pregnancy. J Anxiety Disord 2015; 30:34-40. [PMID: 25591045 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and anxiety disorders during pregnancy. We evaluated this association at the first pregnancy trimester in 228 women. The study endpoint was the diagnosis of any anxiety disorder assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The independent variables were the serum concentrations of total n-3 and fractions (18:2, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6), total n-6 and fractions (18:2, 18:3, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4, 22:4, 22:5) and the n-6/n-3 ratio PUFAs. The prevalence of any anxiety disorders was 25%. The first tertile of the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) distribution represented 1.95 (95% CI: 1.00-3.77) higher chance of having an anxiety disorder diagnosis, compared to those in the second and third tertiles after adjusting the analyses for parity, family income, early pregnancy BMI and gestational age at the blood sampling. Serum concentrations of DHA were inversely associated with the occurrence of early pregnancy anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dayana Rodrigues Farias
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thatiana de Jesus Pereira Pinto
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Lepsch
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Role of fish oil in human health and possible mechanism to reduce the inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2015; 23:79-89. [PMID: 25676565 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The roles of Omega-3 FAs are inflammation antagonists, while Omega-6 FAs are precursors for inflammation. The plant form of Omega-3 FAs is the short-chain α-linolenic acid, and the marine forms are the long-chain fatty acids: docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Omega-3 FAs have unlimited usages, and they are considered as omnipotent since they may benefit heart health, improve brain function, reduce cancer risks and improve people's moods. Omega-3 FAs also have several important biological effects on a range of cellular functions that may decrease the onset of heart diseases and reduce mortality among patients with coronary heart disease, possibly by stabilizing the heart's rhythm and by reducing blood clotting. Some review studies have described the beneficial roles of Omega-3 FAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, diabetes, and other conditions, including inflammation. Studies of the effect of Omega-3 FAs gathered from studies in diseased and healthy population. CVDs including atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome were the major fields of investigation. In studies of obesity, as the central obesity increased, the level of adipocyte synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were increased and the level of anti-inflammatory adiponectin was decreased indicating a state of inflammation. The level of C reactive protein (CRP) synthesized from hepatocyte is increased by the influence of IL-6. CRP can be considered as a marker of systemic inflammation associated with increased risks of CVDs. In molecular studies, Omega-3 FAs have direct effects on reducing the inflammatory state by reducing IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and many other factors. While the appropriate dosage along with the administrative duration is not known, the scientific evidence-based recommendations for daily intake are not modified.
Collapse
|
172
|
Block KI, Block PB, Gyllenhaal C. Integrative therapies in cancer: modulating a broad spectrum of targets for cancer management. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 14:113-8. [PMID: 25601968 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414567473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative medicine is an approach to health and healing that "makes use of all appropriate therapeutic approaches, health care professionals, and disciplines to achieve optimal health and healing." A comprehensive integrative medicine intervention for cancer patients typically includes nutritional counseling, biobehavioral strategies, and promotion of physical activity, as well as dietary supplements including herbs, nutraceuticals, and phytochemicals. A broad-spectrum intervention of this type may contribute uniquely to improvement in cancer outcomes through its impact on a wide variety of relevant molecular targets, including effects on multiple cancer hallmarks. Hallmarks that may be particularly affected include genetic instability, tumor-promoting inflammation, deregulated metabolism, and immune system evasion. Because of their susceptibility to manipulation by diet, exercise, and supplementation, these may be characterized as metabolic hallmarks. Research on the use of comprehensive integrative approaches can contribute to the development of systems of multitargeted treatment regimens and would help clarify the combined effect of these approaches on cancer outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith I Block
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, USA
| | - Penny B Block
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
173
|
Ďurfinová M, Bartová R, Orešanská K, Valentová N, Uličná O, Ďuračková Z, Muchová J. The effects of fish oil emulsion supplementation on synaptosomal membrane enzyme activities in diabetic rats: Protective effect on K
+
‐paranitrophenylphosphatase activity only in non‐diabetic rats but no significant influence on Na
+
/K
+
‐ATPase activity. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ďurfinová
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical BiochemistryComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Radka Bartová
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical BiochemistryComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Katarína Orešanská
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical BiochemistryComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Natália Valentová
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical BiochemistryComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Oľga Uličná
- Pharmaco‐biochemical LaboratoryThird Internal Clinics of Faculty HospitalFaculty of MedicineComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Zdeňka Ďuračková
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical BiochemistryComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Jana Muchová
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical BiochemistryComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Feeding the beast: can microglia in the senescent brain be regulated by diet? Brain Behav Immun 2015; 43:1-8. [PMID: 25451610 PMCID: PMC4258457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells, resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), are relatively quiescent but can respond to signals from the peripheral immune system and induce neuroinflammation. In aging, microglia tend to transition to the M1 pro-inflammatory state and become hypersensitive to messages emerging from immune-to-brain signaling pathways. Thus, whereas in younger individuals where microglia respond to signals from the peripheral immune system and induce a well-controlled neuroinflammatory response that is adaptive (e.g., when well controlled, fever and sickness behavior facilitate recovery from infection), in older individuals with an infection, microglia overreact and produce excessive levels of inflammatory cytokines causing behavioral pathology including cognitive dysfunction. Importantly, recent studies indicate a number of naturally occurring bioactive compounds present in certain foods have anti-inflammatory properties and are capable of mitigating brain microglial cells. These include, e.g., flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds in fruits and vegetables, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in oily fish. Thus, dietary bioactives have potential to restore the population of microglial cells in the senescent brain to a more quiescent state. The pragmatic concept to constrain microglia through dietary intervention is significant because neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits are co-morbid factors in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Controlling microglial cell reactivity has important consequences for preserving adult neurogenesis, neuronal structure and function, and cognition.
Collapse
|
175
|
Khandouzi N, Shidfar F, Agah S, Hosseini AF, Dehnad A. Comparison of the Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Serum Inflammatory Factors and Total Antioxidant Capacity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2015; 14:149-57. [PMID: 25561921 PMCID: PMC4277628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection, the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world, and an important cause of gastrointestinal disorders, may be involved in the pathogenesis of some extra-gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as an increase in blood levels of certain inflammatory markers. Anti-bacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids have been studied in several research studies. The purpose of the present study was the comparison of the effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication, serum levels of some inflammatory markers and total antioxidant capacity. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 97 Helicobacter pylori positive patients (64 patients in the two intervention groups and 33 in the control group), received 2 grams daily of Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid or Medium Chain Triglyceride oil as placebo, along with conventional tetra-drug Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen, for 12 weeks. Helicobacter pylori eradication test and measurement of concentration of interleukine-6, interleukine-8, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and total antioxidant capacity were performed after the intervention. There was no significant difference in eradication rate of the infection, levels of interleukine-6 and total antioxidant capacity among the three groups, while the levels of interleukine-8 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were statistically different. Eicosapentaenoic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation had no significant differential impact on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, and serum levels of interleukine-6 and total antioxidant capacity. However, it had a desirable effect on the levels of interleukine-8 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Helicobacter pylori positive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,E-mail:
| | - Agha Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Math and Statistics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afsaneh Dehnad
- Department of Foreign Languages, School ofHealth Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 15:771-85. [PMID: 25387473 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 916] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain is highly enriched with fatty acids. These include the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are largely esterified to the phospholipid cell membrane. Once PUFAs are released from the membrane, they can participate in signal transduction, either directly or after enzymatic conversion to a variety of bioactive derivatives ('mediators'). PUFAs and their mediators regulate several processes within the brain, such as neurotransmission, cell survival and neuroinflammation, and thereby mood and cognition. PUFA levels and the signalling pathways that they regulate are altered in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and major depression. Diet and drugs targeting PUFAs may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of brain disorders.
Collapse
|
177
|
Heberlein A, Käser M, Lichtinghagen R, Rhein M, Lenz B, Kornhuber J, Bleich S, Hillemacher T. TNF-α and IL-6 serum levels: neurobiological markers of alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent patients? Alcohol 2014; 48:671-6. [PMID: 25262503 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in 30 male alcohol-dependent patients during withdrawal (day 1, 7, and 14) and compared them with the levels obtained from 18 healthy male controls. IL-6 (day 1: T = 2,593, p = 0.013; day 7: T = 2,315, p = 0.037; day 14: T = 1,650, p = 0.112) serum levels were significantly increased at the beginning of alcohol withdrawal. TNF-α (T = 3,202, p = 0.03) serum levels were significantly elevated in the patients' group during the whole period of withdrawal. IL-6 serum levels decreased significantly during withdrawal (F = 16.507, p < 0.001), whereas TNF-α levels did not change significantly (day 1-14). IL-6 serum levels were directly associated with alcohol consumption (r = 0.392, p = 0.047) on day 1. Moreover, the IL-6 serum levels were associated with alcohol craving (PACS total score day 1: r = -0.417, p = 0.022, the score of the obsessive subscale of the OCDS on day 14 [r = -0.549, p = 0.022]), depression (r = -0.507, p = 0.005), and trait anxiety (r = -0.674, p < 0.001) on day 1. We found an association with the duration of active drinking following the last period of abstinence and the TNF-α serum levels (day 1:r = 0.354, p = 0.009; day 7: r = 0.323, p = 0.022; day 14: r = 0.303, p = 0.034) as well as an association with the severity of alcohol dependence measured by the SESA scale (r = 0.454, p = 0.015). Moreover, we found a significant association between the BDNF serum levels and the TNF-α serum levels (r = -0.426, p = 0.021). Our results support an association between alterations in TNF-α and IL-6 serum levels and alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Heberlein
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marius Käser
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Rhein
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Nutritional omega-3 modulates neuronal morphology in the prefrontal cortex along with depression-related behaviour through corticosterone secretion. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e437. [PMID: 25203168 PMCID: PMC4203007 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how malnutrition contributes to depression is building momentum. In the present study we unravel molecular and cellular mechanisms by which nutritional disturbances lead to impaired emotional behaviour in mice. Here we report that nutritional n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) deficiency induces a chronic stress state reflected by disrupted glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated signalling pathway along with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity. This hyperactivity in turn resulted in neuronal atrophy in the dorsolateral (dl)- and dorsomedial (dm)- prefrontal cortex (PFC) and subsequent mood-related behaviour alterations, similarly to chronic social defeat stress. Supplementation of n-3 PUFA prevented detrimental chronic social defeat stress-induced emotional and neuronal impairments by impeding HPA axis hyperactivity. These results indicate a role for dietary n-3 PUFA in the prevention of HPA axis dysfunction associated with the development of some neuropsychiatric disorders including depression.
Collapse
|
179
|
Lin S, Herdt-Losavio ML, Chen M, Luo M, Tang J, Hwang SA. Fish consumption patterns, knowledge and potential exposure to mercury by race. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 24:291-303. [PMID: 23865562 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2013.818106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compared fish consumption patterns, fish advisory/benefit awareness and risk factors of consuming high-mercury (Hg) fish between Chinese and non-Chinese adults. METHODS 301 Chinese and 120 non-Chinese participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants self-reported demographics, fish consumption behavior, and awareness of warnings/benefits of fish consumption. RESULTS non-Chinese (62.5%) ate more high-Hg fish than Chinese (35.9%) although more Chinese ate fish in the last year. Over 90% of both groups knew general benefits of consuming fish; fewer knew specific benefits. Chinese were less aware of fish warnings (49.8%) than non-Chinese (86.7%); knowledge did not appear to affect their fish consumption. CONCLUSIONS There were significant differences in fish consumption patterns and fish benefit/warning knowledge between the two groups. A higher proportion of non-Chinese reported consumption of high-Hg fish. Fish knowledge did not affect fish consumption behavior for either group. Public education efforts regarding fish consumption should emphasize details such as species and amounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Lin
- a New York State Department of Health Center for Environmental Health , Albany , NY , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
180
|
Murphy T, Dias GP, Thuret S. Effects of diet on brain plasticity in animal and human studies: mind the gap. Neural Plast 2014; 2014:563160. [PMID: 24900924 PMCID: PMC4037119 DOI: 10.1155/2014/563160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions have emerged as effective environmental inducers of brain plasticity. Among these dietary interventions, we here highlight the impact of caloric restriction (CR: a consistent reduction of total daily food intake), intermittent fasting (IF, every-other-day feeding), and diet supplementation with polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on markers of brain plasticity in animal studies. Moreover, we also discuss epidemiological and intervention studies reporting the effects of CR, IF and dietary polyphenols and PUFAs on learning, memory, and mood. In particular, we evaluate the gap in mechanistic understanding between recent findings from animal studies and those human studies reporting that these dietary factors can benefit cognition, mood, and anxiety, aging, and Alzheimer's disease-with focus on the enhancement of structural and functional plasticity markers in the hippocampus, such as increased expression of neurotrophic factors, synaptic function and adult neurogenesis. Lastly, we discuss some of the obstacles to harnessing the promising effects of diet on brain plasticity in animal studies into effective recommendations and interventions to promote healthy brain function in humans. Together, these data reinforce the important translational concept that diet, a modifiable lifestyle factor, holds the ability to modulate brain health and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tytus Murphy
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Gisele Pereira Dias
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Grosso G, Pajak A, Marventano S, Castellano S, Galvano F, Bucolo C, Drago F, Caraci F. Role of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of depressive disorders: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96905. [PMID: 24805797 PMCID: PMC4013121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation in depressed patients have been suggested to improve depressive symptomatology, previous findings are not univocal. Objectives To conduct an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of omega-3 PUFA treatment of depressive disorders, taking into account the clinical differences among patients included in the studies. Methods A search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Database of RCTs using omega-3 PUFA on patients with depressive symptoms published up to August 2013 was performed. Standardized mean difference in clinical measure of depression severity was primary outcome. Type of omega-3 used (particularly eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) and omega-3 as mono- or adjuvant therapy was also examined. Meta-regression analyses assessed the effects of study size, baseline depression severity, trial duration, dose of omega-3, and age of patients. Results Meta-analysis of 11 and 8 trials conducted respectively on patients with a DSM-defined diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and patients with depressive symptomatology but no diagnosis of MDD demonstrated significant clinical benefit of omega-3 PUFA treatment compared to placebo (standardized difference in random-effects model 0.56 SD [95% CI: 0.20, 0.92] and 0.22 SD [95% CI: 0.01, 0.43], respectively; pooled analysis was 0.38 SD [95% CI: 0.18, 0.59]). Use of mainly EPA within the preparation, rather than DHA, influenced final clinical efficacy. Significant clinical efficacy had the use of omega-3 PUFA as adjuvant rather than mono-therapy. No relation between efficacy and study size, baseline depression severity, trial duration, age of patients, and study quality was found. Omega-3 PUFA resulted effective in RCTs on patients with bipolar disorder, whereas no evidence was found for those exploring their efficacy on depressive symptoms in young populations, perinatal depression, primary disease other than depression and healthy subjects. Conclusions The use of omega-3 PUFA is effective in patients with diagnosis of MDD and on depressive patients without diagnosis of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S. – Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Hammamieh R, Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Miller SA, Muhie S, Meyerhoff J, Jett M. Transcriptomic analysis of the effects of a fish oil enriched diet on murine brains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90425. [PMID: 24632812 PMCID: PMC3954562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of fish oil enriched with high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are widely documented. Fish oil as dietary supplements, however, show moderate clinical efficacy, highlighting an immediate scope of systematic in vitro feedback. Our transcriptomic study was designed to investigate the genomic shift of murine brains fed on fish oil enriched diets. A customized fish oil enriched diet (FD) and standard lab diet (SD) were separately administered to two randomly chosen populations of C57BL/6J mice from their weaning age until late adolescence. Statistical analysis mined 1,142 genes of interest (GOI) differentially altered in the hemibrains collected from the FD- and SD-fed mice at the age of five months. The majority of identified GOI (∼40%) encodes proteins located in the plasma membrane, suggesting that fish oil primarily facilitated the membrane-oriented biofunctions. FD potentially augmented the nervous system's development and functions by selectively stimulating the Src-mediated calcium-induced growth cascade and the downstream PI3K-AKT-PKC pathways. FD reduced the amyloidal burden, attenuated oxidative stress, and assisted in somatostatin activation—the signatures of attenuation of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and affective disorder. FD induced elevation of FKBP5 and suppression of BDNF, which are often linked with the improvement of anxiety disorder, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence we anticipate efficacy of FD in treating illnesses such as depression that are typically triggered by the hypoactivities of dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic networks. Contrastingly, FD's efficacy could be compromised in treating illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, which are triggered by hyperactivities of the same set of neuromodulators. A more comprehensive investigation is recommended to elucidate the implications of fish oil on disease pathomechanisms, and the result-driven repositioning of fish oil utilization may revitalize its therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hammamieh
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aarti Gautam
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stacy-Ann Miller
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seid Muhie
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Meyerhoff
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marti Jett
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Fond G, Hamdani N, Kapczinski F, Boukouaci W, Drancourt N, Dargel A, Oliveira J, Le Guen E, Marlinge E, Tamouza R, Leboyer M. Effectiveness and tolerance of anti-inflammatory drugs' add-on therapy in major mental disorders: a systematic qualitative review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 129:163-79. [PMID: 24215721 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a systematic review of the literature regarding the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs in three major mental disorders [major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia and bipolar disorders]. METHOD Four databases were explored, without any year or language restrictions. The baseline search paradigm was limited to open-labelled clinical and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS Four major classes of anti-inflammatory drugs were identified, namely polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, anti-TNFalpha and minocycline. Effectiveness and benefit/risk ratio of each class in MDD, bipolar disorders and schizophrenia was detailed when data were available. Several meta-analyses indicated effectiveness of PUFAs in MDD with a good tolerance profile. One meta-analysis indicated that COX-2 specific inhibitors showed effectiveness in schizophrenia. Anti-TNFalpha showed important effectiveness in resistant MDD with blood inflammatory abnormalities. Minocycline showed effectiveness in schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Polyunsaturated fatty acids seem to have the best benefit/risk ratio profile but proved their effectiveness only in MDD. A number of anti-inflammatory drugs are available as adjunct treatment for treatment-resistant patients with MDD, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. If used with caution regarding their possible side-effects, they may be reasonable therapeutic alternatives for resistant symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fond
- Pôle de psychiatrie des hôpitaux universitaires H Mondor, University Paris Est-Créteil, INSERM U955, Eq Psychiatrie Génétique, Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, Créteil, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
184
|
Effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88103. [PMID: 24505395 PMCID: PMC3914936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies did not draw a consistent conclusion about the effects of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on fasting blood level of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Methods and Findings A comprehensive search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Medline (from 1950 to 2013) and bibliographies of relevant articles was undertaken. Sixty-eight RCTs with a total of 4601 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation showed a lowering effect on Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in three groups of subjects (subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, subjects with chronic autoimmune disease and healthy subjects). A significant negative linear relationship between duration and effect size of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation on fasting blood levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease was observed, indicating that longer duration of supplementation could lead to a greater lowering effect. A similar linear relationship was also observed for IL-6 levels in healthy subjects. Restricted cubic spline analysis and subgroup analysis showed that the lowering effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease became weakened when body mass index was greater than 30 kg/m2. The effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs from dietary intake was only assessed in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, and a significant lowering effect was observed on IL-6, but not on CRP and TNF-α. Conclusions Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α level. The lowering effect was most effective in non-obese subjects and consecutive long-term supplementation was recommended.
Collapse
|
185
|
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Bennett JM, Andridge R, Peng J, Shapiro CL, Malarkey WB, Emery CF, Layman R, Mrozek EE, Glaser R. Yoga's impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1040-9. [PMID: 24470004 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.51.8860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate yoga's impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized controlled 3-month trial was conducted with two post-treatment assessments of 200 breast cancer survivors assigned to either 12 weeks of 90-minute twice per week hatha yoga classes or a wait-list control. The main outcome measures were lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and scores on the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF), the vitality scale from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. RESULTS Immediately post-treatment, fatigue was not lower (P > .05) but vitality was higher (P = .01) in the yoga group compared with the control group. At 3 months post-treatment, fatigue was lower in the yoga group (P = .002), vitality was higher (P = .01), and IL-6 (P = .027), TNF-α (P = .027), and IL-1β (P = .037) were lower for yoga participants compared with the control group. Groups did not differ on depression at either time (P > .2). Planned secondary analyses showed that the frequency of yoga practice had stronger associations with fatigue at both post-treatment visits (P = .019; P < .001), as well as vitality (P = .016; P = .0045), but not depression (P > .05) than simple group assignment; more frequent practice produced larger changes. At 3 months post-treatment, increasing yoga practice also led to a decrease in IL-6 (P = .01) and IL-1β (P = .03) production but not in TNF-α production (P > .05). CONCLUSION Chronic inflammation may fuel declines in physical function leading to frailty and disability. If yoga dampens or limits both fatigue and inflammation, then regular practice could have substantial health benefits.
Collapse
|
186
|
Hennebelle M, Champeil-Potokar G, Lavialle M, Vancassel S, Denis I. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and chronic stress-induced modulations of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:99-112. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Gaëlle Champeil-Potokar
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
| | - Monique Lavialle
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée; UMR1286; Bordeaux France
| | - Isabelle Denis
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Lembke P, Capodice J, Hebert K, Swenson T. Influence of omega-3 (n3) index on performance and wellbeing in young adults after heavy eccentric exercise. J Sports Sci Med 2014; 13:151-156. [PMID: 24570619 PMCID: PMC3918552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the associations between the tissue levels of omega-3 (N3), also known as the Omega-3 Index (N3 Index), on various clinical and quality of life outcomes in healthy young adults after heavy eccentric exercise.. To ensure an adequate number of participants with an elevated N3 index would be available for comparison to those with a lower N3 Index, a subgroup of the study participants received N3 dietary supplementation (2.7 g·d(-1)) for 30 days prior to the performance of the heavy eccentric exercise. The remaining participants received a placebo supplement for the same 30-day period. After 30 days of supplementation, participants performed an eccentric exercise routine and were then measured at baseline (time 0), 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96 hours respectively on the following outcomes; C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatine kinase. Blood lactate levels were analyzed immediately after the exercise. Functional measurements of delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), extension and torque were also analyzed. Quality of life (QOL) was measured by the quantitative questionnaire, the Profile of Mood States Questionnaire (POMS). Safety monitoring and analysis of adverse events was continuous throughout the study. Differences as demonstrated by a reduction in pain following eccentric exercise was experienced at both 72 and 96 hour time points in subjects with a higher N3 Index however there were no differences in extension or strength between the two groups. There was a significant difference in blood lactate levels (p = 0.0309) and improved emotional stability, reflected by the POMS questionnaire, in subjects with a higher N3 Index level. There was a statistically significant difference in CRP levels in subjects with a higher N3 Index level at 24 hours and a trend toward significance over 96 hours. There were no significant differences in creatine kinase levels and no reported adverse events. Subjects with a higher Omega-3 (N3) Index reported less pain related to DOMS following heavy exercise at 72 and 96 hours post-exercise. Reduced pain in the higher N3 Index Group may be due to an increased concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in the muscle cell walls, thus triggering a higher elasticity, flexibility and lower risk of physical damage to muscle tissue during exercise. Serum levels of blood lactate were lower in subjects with a high N3 Index, CRP was reduced at 24 hours and POMS scores were improved in high N3 Index subjects demonstrating better QOL. No serious adverse events were reported further supporting that omega-3 dietary supplementation is safe, bio-available and may improve athletic performance and well being in healthy young adults. Key PointsOmega-3 index (N3) is elevated after supplementation versus placebo in healthy young adultsSubjects with higher N3 index demonstrated reduced DOMS after heavy exerciseSubjects with higher N3 index reported better quality of life.
Collapse
|
188
|
Giles GE, Mahoney CR, Kanarek RB. Omega-3 fatty acids influence mood in healthy and depressed individuals. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:727-41. [PMID: 24447198 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent disorders in the United States, and rates of depression are higher for women than men. Despite their widespread use, drugs used in the treatment of depression are only moderately more effective than placebo in treating the disorder. Effective treatment of perinatal depression is of particular concern as treatment can influence both the mother and the developing child. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation may reduce symptoms of major depressive disorder and perinatal depression. The aim of the present review was to evaluate epidemiological studies examining PUFA intake and depressive symptoms in the general population, as well as double-blind, placebo-controlled trials assessing the influence of n-3 PUFA in healthy individuals and those with depression; specific consideration was given to perinatal depression and potential gender differences in the relationship. Although there is some evidence to suggest that n-3 PUFA intake is associated with reduced depressive symptoms, particularly in females, these results are generally limited to epidemiological studies, whereas results from randomized controlled trials are mixed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Giles
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
189
|
Vaz JDS, Kac G, Emmett P, Davis JM, Golding J, Hibbeln JR. Dietary patterns, n-3 fatty acids intake from seafood and high levels of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67671. [PMID: 23874437 PMCID: PMC3710017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about relationships between dietary patterns, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake and excessive anxiety during pregnancy. Objective To examine whether dietary patterns and n-3 PUFA intake from seafood are associated with high levels of anxiety during pregnancy. Design Pregnant women enrolled from 1991–1992 in ALSPAC (n 9,530). Dietary patterns were established from a food frequency questionnaire using principal component analysis. Total intake of n-3 PUFA (grams/week) from seafood was also examined. Symptoms of anxiety were measured at 32 weeks of gestation with the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index; scores ≥9 corresponding to the 85th percentile was defined as high anxiety symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the OR and 95% CI, adjusted by socioeconomic and lifestyle variables. Results Multivariate results showed that women in the highest tertile of the health-conscious (OR 0.77; 0.65–0.93) and the traditional (OR 0.84; 0.73–0.97) pattern scores were less likely to report high levels of anxiety symptoms. Women in the highest tertile of the vegetarian pattern score (OR 1.25; 1.08–1.44) were more likely to have high levels of anxiety, as well as those with no n-3 PUFA intake from seafood (OR 1.53; 1.25–1.87) when compared with those with intake of >1.5 grams/week. Conclusions The present study provides evidence of a relationship between dietary patterns, fish intake or n-3 PUFA intake from seafood and symptoms of anxiety in pregnancy, and suggests that dietary interventions could be used to reduce high anxiety symptoms during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
190
|
Liu JJ, Galfalvy HC, Cooper TB, Oquendo MA, Grunebaum MF, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status in major depressive disorder with comorbid anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2013; 74:732-8. [PMID: 23945451 PMCID: PMC3905735 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.12m07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although lower levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are found in major depressive disorder, less is known about PUFA status and anxiety disorders. METHOD Medication-free participants with DSM-IV-defined major depressive disorder (MDD), with (n = 18) and without (n = 41) comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders, and healthy volunteers (n = 62) were recruited from October 2006 to May 2010 for mood disorder studies at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Participants were 18-73 years of age (mean age, 35.8 ± 12.6 years). Depression and anxiety severity was assessed using depression and anxiety subscales from the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Plasma PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) and the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA; 22:4n-6) to EPA (AA:EPA) were quantified. This secondary analysis employed analysis of variance with a priori planned contrasts to test for diagnostic group differences in log-transformed PUFA levels (logDHA, logEPA, and logAA:EPA). RESULTS Plasma levels of logDHA (F(2,118) = 4.923, P = .009), logEPA (F(2,118) = 6.442, P = .002), and logAA:EPA (F(2,118) = 3.806, P = .025) differed across groups. Participants with MDD had lower logDHA (t(118) = 2.324, P = .022) and logEPA (t(118) = 3.175, P = .002) levels and higher logAA:EPA levels (t(118) = -2.099, P = .038) compared with healthy volunteers. Lower logDHA (t(118) = 2.692, P = .008) and logEPA (t(118) = 2.524, P = .013) levels and higher logAA:EPA levels (t(118) = -2.322, P = .022) distinguished anxious from nonanxious MDD. Depression severity was not associated with PUFA plasma levels; however, anxiety severity across the entire sample correlated negatively with logDHA (r(p) = -0.22, P = .015) and logEPA (r(p) = -0.25, P = .005) levels and positively with logAA:EPA levels (r(p) = 0.18, P = .043). CONCLUSIONS The presence and severity of comorbid anxiety were associated with the lowest EPA and DHA levels. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether omega-3 PUFA supplementation may preferentially alleviate MDD with more severe anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J. Liu
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, NY, NY
| | - Hanga C. Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, NY,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY
| | - Thomas B. Cooper
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, NY,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY
| | - Michael F. Grunebaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, NY,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, NY,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, NY, NY
| | - M. Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, NY,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY,To whom correspondence should be addressed: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 42, NY, NY 10032, Tel: (212) 543 – 6241, Fax:(212) 543 – 6017,
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Sumich AL, Matsudaira T, Heasman B, Gow RV, Ibrahimovic A, Ghebremeskel K, Crawford MA, Taylor E. Fatty acid correlates of temperament in adolescent boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:431-6. [PMID: 23566869 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atypical fatty acid metabolism has been reported in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however, its relationship with temperament in this population is unclear. The current study investigated the association between blood levels of fatty acids implicated in brain structure and function (omega-3, omega-6, omega-9) and personality traits of stability (neuroticism, conscientiousness and agreeableness) and plasticity (extraversion and openness). Twenty right-handed adolescent boys with ADHD completed a self-report NEO-FFI personality questionnaire, and had fatty acid content assessed from red blood using gas chromatography. Pearson's correlations showed no significant associations between omega-3 levels and personality. After correction for multiple comparisons, Adrenic Acid (C22:4n6) was inversely associated with stability. Oleic acid (C18:1n9) was positively associated with plasticity. Results are in line with a role of fatty acids in brain function. They suggest that those fatty acids that are involved in myelination (Adrenic, Oleic) have the strongest associations with temperament in adolescents with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex L Sumich
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
192
|
Glick NR, Fischer MH. The Role of Essential Fatty Acids in Human Health. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587213488788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid research began about 90 years ago but intensified in recent years. Essential fatty acids (linoleic and α-linolenic) must come from diet. Other fatty acids may come from diet or may be synthesized. Fatty acids are major components of cell membrane structure, modulate gene transcription, function as cytokine precursors, and serve as energy sources in complex, interconnected systems. It is increasingly apparent that dietary fatty acids influence these vital functions and affect human health. While the strongest evidence for influence is found in cardiovascular disease and mental health, many additional conditions are affected. Problematic changes in the fatty acid composition of human diet have also taken place over the last century. This review summarizes current understanding of the pervasive roles of essential fatty acids and their metabolites in human health.
Collapse
|
193
|
Anxiolytic-like actions of fatty acids identified in human amniotic fluid. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:823289. [PMID: 23737729 PMCID: PMC3659480 DOI: 10.1155/2013/823289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight fatty acids (C12–C18) were previously identified in human amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk in similar proportions but different amounts. Amniotic fluid is well known to be the natural environment for development in mammals. Interestingly, amniotic fluid and an artificial mixture of fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid produce similar anxiolytic-like actions in Wistar rats. We explored whether the lowest amount of fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid with respect to colostrum and milk produces such anxiolytic-like effects. Although a trend toward a dose-response effect was observed, only an amount of fatty acids that was similar to amniotic fluid fully mimicked the effect of diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) in the defensive burying test, an action devoid of effects on locomotor activity and motor coordination. Our results confirm that the amount of fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid is sufficient to produce anxiolytic-like effects, suggesting similar actions during intrauterine development.
Collapse
|
194
|
McNamara RK, Strawn JR. Role of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Psychiatric Practice. PHARMANUTRITION 2013; 1:41-49. [PMID: 23607087 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition plays a minor role in psychiatric practice which is currently dominated by a pharmacological treatment algorithm. An accumulating body of evidence has implicated deficits in the dietary essential long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids, eicosapenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology of several major psychiatric disorders. LCn-3 fatty acids have an established long-term safety record in the general population, and existing evidence suggests that increasing LCn-3 fatty acid status may reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. LCn-3 fatty acid supplementation has been shown to augment the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant, mood-stabilizer, and second generation antipsychotic medications, and may additionally mitigate adverse cardiometabolic side-effects. Preliminary evidence also suggests that LCn-3 fatty acid supplementation may be efficacious as monotherapy for primary and early secondary prevention and for perinatal symptoms. The overall cost-benefit ratio endorses the incorporation of LCn-3 fatty acids into psychiatric treatment algorithms. The recent availability of laboratory facilities that specialize in determining blood LCn-3 fatty acid status and emerging evidence-based consensus guidelines regarding safe and efficacious LCn-3 fatty acid dose ranges provide the infrastructure necessary for implementation. This article outlines the rationale for incorporating LCn-3 fatty acid treatment into psychiatric practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0516
| | | |
Collapse
|
195
|
Jaremka LM, Lindgren ME, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Synergistic relationships among stress, depression, and troubled relationships: insights from psychoneuroimmunology. Depress Anxiety 2013; 30:288-96. [PMID: 23412999 PMCID: PMC3816362 DOI: 10.1002/da.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress and depression consistently elevate inflammation and are often experienced simultaneously, which is exemplified by people in troubled relationships. Troubled relationships also elevate inflammation, which may be partially explained by their ability to engender high levels of stress and depression. People who are stressed, depressed, or in troubled relationships are also at greater risk for health problems than their less distressed counterparts. Inflammation, a risk factor for a variety of age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and frailty, may be one key mechanistic pathway linking distress to poor health. Obesity may further broaden the health implications of stress and depression; people who are stressed or depressed are often overweight, and adipose tissue is a major source of proinflammatory cytokines. Stress, depression, and troubled relationships may have synergistic inflammatory effects: loneliness, subclinical depression, and major depression enhance inflammatory responses to an acute stressful event. The relationship between distress and inflammation is bidirectional; depression enhances inflammation and inflammation promotes depression. Interesting questions emerge from this literature. For instance, some stressors may be more potent than others and thus may be more strongly linked to inflammation. In addition, it is possible that psychological and interpersonal resources may buffer the negative inflammatory effects of stress. Understanding the links among stress, depression, troubled relationships, and inflammation is an exciting area of research that may provide mechanistic insight into the links between distress and poor health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Jaremka
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Monica E. Lindgren
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Epel ES, Belury MA, Andridge R, Lin J, Glaser R, Malarkey WB, Hwang BS, Blackburn E. Omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 28:16-24. [PMID: 23010452 PMCID: PMC3545053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shorter telomeres have been associated with poor health behaviors, age-related diseases, and early mortality. Telomere length is regulated by the enzyme telomerase, and is linked to exposure to proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. In our recent randomized controlled trial, omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation lowered the concentration of serum proinflammatory cytokines. This study assessed whether n-3 PUFA supplementation also affected leukocyte telomere length, telomerase, and oxidative stress. In addition to testing for group differences, changes in the continuous n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio were assessed to account for individual differences in adherence, absorption, and metabolism. The double-blind four-month trial included 106 healthy sedentary overweight middle-aged and older adults who received (1) 2.5g/day n-3 PUFAs, (2) l.25g/day n-3 PUFAs, or (3) placebo capsules that mirrored the proportions of fatty acids in the typical American diet. Supplementation significantly lowered oxidative stress as measured by F2-isoprostanes (p=0.02). The estimated geometric mean log-F2-isoprostanes values were 15% lower in the two supplemented groups compared to placebo. Although group differences for telomerase and telomere length were nonsignificant, changes in the n-6:n-3 PUFA plasma ratios helped clarify the intervention's impact: telomere length increased with decreasing n-6:n-3 ratios, p=0.02. The data suggest that lower n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios can impact cell aging. The triad of inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune cell aging represents important pre-disease mechanisms that may be ameliorated through nutritional interventions. This translational research broadens our understanding of the potential impact of the n-6:n-3 PUFA balance. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00385723.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
197
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To overview the theoretical relevance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the cause of mood disorders, and focus on evaluating the potential therapeutic role of omega-3 fatty acids. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous studies have documented low omega-3 fatty acid levels in those with depressive disorders, and there are plausible biological explanations as to why reduced omega-3 status may predispose to mood disorders as well as to a range of other conditions. Although early studies evaluating the role of omega-3 preparations as treatments of depression were generally positive, the rate of negative or nondifferential studies has increased in recent years. Recent meta-analyses provide an explanation in suggesting that docosahexaenoic acid-weighted preparations may be ineffective while finding support for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-weighted preparations. SUMMARY There is sufficient indicative data favouring EPA-weighted omega-3 supplementation for those with a depressive mood disorder, particular when fish oil is viewed by patients as 'natural,' it has few side effects and is neuroprotective. Recent meta-analyses inform us that intervention studies should focus on EPA-weighted preparations.
Collapse
|
198
|
Yaghmaie P, Koudelka CW, Simpson EL. Mental health comorbidity in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 131:428-33. [PMID: 23245818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data, primarily from Europe, suggest that children with atopic dermatitis (AD) might be at increased risk of mental health disorders. OBJECTIVE We aimed to quantify the mental health burden associated with pediatric AD in the United States. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used analyzing data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a survey reporting on the health status of 92,642 noninstitutionalized children aged 0 to 17 years. The lifetime prevalence of various provider-diagnosed mental health conditions was calculated for those with and without a history of AD. RESULTS The odds of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was significantly increased in children with AD compared with the odds in control subjects without AD (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.54-2.27), even after controlling for known confounders. The adjusted odds ratios for depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and autism were 1.81 (95% CI, 1.33-2.46), 1.77 (95% CI, 1.36-2.29), 1.87 (95% CI, 1.46-2.39), and 3.04 (95% CI, 2.13-4.34), respectively, and these estimates were all statistically significant. A clear dose-dependent relationship was observed between the prevalence of a mental health disorder and the reported severity of the skin disease. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a striking association between mental health disorders and AD in the US pediatric population. The severity of the skin disease alters the strength of the association. Prospective cohort studies are needed to verify these associations and to explore underlying mechanisms. Strategies to prevent AD or to aggressively treat early skin inflammation might modify the risk of mental health disorders in at-risk children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Yaghmaie
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore 97239-4501, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
199
|
Domar AD, Moragianni VA, Ryley DA, Urato AC. The risks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use in infertile women: a review of the impact on fertility, pregnancy, neonatal health and beyond. Hum Reprod 2012; 28:160-71. [PMID: 23117129 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the current literature on the safety and efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use in infertile women? SUMMARY ANSWER There is little evidence that infertile women benefit from taking an SSRI, therefore they should be counseled appropriately about the risks and be advised to consider alternate safer treatments to treat depressive symptoms. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY SSRI use is associated with possible reduced infertility treatment efficacy as well as higher rates of pregnancy loss, preterm birth, pregnancy complications, neonatal issues and long-term neurobehavioral abnormalities in offspring. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Review of existing literature. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We conducted a review of all published studies that evaluate females with depressive symptoms who are taking antidepressant medications and who are experiencing infertility. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Antidepressant use during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of miscarriage, birth defects, preterm birth, newborn behavioral syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and possible longer term neurobehavioral effects. There is no evidence of improved pregnancy outcomes with antidepressant use. There is some evidence that psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as physical exercise, is associated with significant decreases in depressive symptoms in the general population; research indicates that some forms of counseling are effective in treating depressive symptoms in infertile women. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our findings are limited by the availability of published studies in the field, which are often retrospective and of small size. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Practitioners who care for infertility patients should have a thorough understanding of the published literature so that they can adequately counsel their patients. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Domar
- Boston IVF, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 130 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
200
|
Armenta RE, Valentine MC. Single-Cell Oils as a Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: An Overview of Recent Advances. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|