151
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Khan AR, Geiger L, Wiborg O, Czéh B. Stress-Induced Morphological, Cellular and Molecular Changes in the Brain-Lessons Learned from the Chronic Mild Stress Model of Depression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041026. [PMID: 32326205 PMCID: PMC7226496 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe illness imposing an increasing social and economic burden worldwide. Numerous rodent models have been developed to investigate the pathophysiology of MDD. One of the best characterized and most widely used models is the chronic mild stress (CMS) model which was developed more than 30 years ago by Paul Willner. More than 2000 published studies used this model, mainly to assess novel compounds with potential antidepressant efficacy. Most of these studies examined the behavioral consequences of stress and concomitant drug intervention. Much fewer studies focused on the CMS-induced neurobiological changes. However, the stress-induced cellular and molecular changes are important as they may serve as potential translational biomarkers and increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the structural and molecular alterations in the brain that have been described using the CMS model. We discuss the latest neuroimaging and postmortem histopathological data as well as molecular changes including recent findings on microRNA levels. Different chronic stress paradigms occasionally deliver dissimilar findings, but the available experimental data provide convincing evidence that the CMS model has a high translational value. Future studies examining the neurobiological changes in the CMS model in combination with clinically effective antidepressant drug intervention will likely deliver further valuable information on the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza Khan
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute (SGPGI) Campus, Lucknow-226017, U.P, India;
| | - Lili Geiger
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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152
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Ünal ÇT, Ünal B, Bolton MM. Low-threshold spiking interneurons perform feedback inhibition in the lateral amygdala. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:909-923. [PMID: 32144495 PMCID: PMC7166205 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amygdala plays crucial roles in emotional learning. The lateral amygdala (LA) is the input station of the amygdala, where learning related plasticity occurs. The LA is cortical like in nature in terms of its cellular make up, composed of a majority of principal cells and a minority of interneurons with distinct subtypes defined by morphology, intrinsic electrophysiological properties and neurochemical expression profile. The specific functions served by LA interneuron subtypes remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the interneuron subtype mediating feedback inhibition. Electrophysiological evidence involving antidromic activation of recurrent LA circuitry via basolateral amygdala stimulation and paired recordings implicate low-threshold spiking interneurons in feedback inhibition. Recordings in somatostatin-cre animals crossed with tdtomato mice have revealed remarkable similarities between a subset of SOM+ interneurons and LTS interneurons. This study concludes that LTS interneurons, most of which are putatively SOM+, mediate feedback inhibition in the LA. Parallels with cortical areas and potential implications for information processing and plasticity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağrı Temuçin Ünal
- Department of Psychology, Comparative Cognition Laboratory, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Caddesi No. 48 06420, Kolej Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bengi Ünal
- Department of Psychology, Comparative Cognition Laboratory, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Caddesi No. 48 06420, Kolej Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M McLean Bolton
- Disorders of Neural Circuit Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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153
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Cea-Cañas B, Gomez-Pilar J, Núñez P, Rodríguez-Vázquez E, de Uribe N, Díez Á, Pérez-Escudero A, Molina V. Connectivity strength of the EEG functional network in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109801. [PMID: 31682892 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of graph theory measures in the study of functional brain networks allows for the description of their general properties and their alterations in mental illness. Among these measures, connectivity strength (CS) estimates the degree of functional connectivity of the whole network. Previous studies in schizophrenia patients have reported higher baseline CS values and modulation deficits in EEG spectral properties during cognitive activity. The specificity of these alterations and their relationships with pharmacological treatments remain unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed functional CS on EEG-based brain networks in 79 schizophrenia and 29 bipolar patients in addition to 63 healthy controls. The subjects performed a P300 task during the EEG recordings from which the pre-stimulus and the task-related modulation CS values were computed in the global and theta bands. These values were compared between the groups and between the patients who had and had not received different treatments. The global band pre-stimulus CS was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group compared with the bipolar and control groups. Theta band CS modulation was decreased in schizophrenia and bipolar patients. Treatment with antipsychotics, lithium, benzodiazepines, and anticonvulsants did not significantly alter these CS values. The first-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients did not show significant differences in CS values. Higher global band pre-stimulus CS values were associated with worse general cognition in schizophrenia patients. These data support increased connectivity in the whole-brain network that is specific to schizophrenia and suggest a general hyper-synchronized basal state that might hamper cognition in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Cea-Cañas
- Clinical Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Núñez
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Vázquez
- Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nieves de Uribe
- Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Díez
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Adela Pérez-Escudero
- Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
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154
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Price RB, Duman R. Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:530-543. [PMID: 31801966 PMCID: PMC7047599 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress and depressive-like behaviors in basic neuroscience research have been associated with impairments of neuroplasticity, such as neuronal atrophy and synaptic loss in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. The current review presents a novel integrative model of neuroplasticity as a multi-domain neurobiological, cognitive, and psychological construct relevant in depression and other related disorders of negative affect (e.g., anxiety). We delineate a working conceptual model in which synaptic plasticity deficits described in animal models are integrated and conceptually linked with human patient findings from cognitive science and clinical psychology. We review relevant reports including neuroimaging findings (e.g., decreased functional connectivity in prefrontal-limbic circuits), cognitive deficits (e.g., executive function and memory impairments), affective information processing patterns (e.g., rigid, negative biases in attention, memory, interpretations, and self-associations), and patient-reported symptoms (perseverative, inflexible thought patterns; inflexible and maladaptive behaviors). Finally, we incorporate discussion of integrative research methods capable of building additional direct empirical support, including using rapid-acting treatments (e.g., ketamine) as a means to test this integrative model by attempting to simultaneously reverse these deficits across levels of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Price
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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155
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Rahman T, Weickert CS, Harms L, Meehan C, Schall U, Todd J, Hodgson DM, Michie PT, Purves-Tyson T. Effect of Immune Activation during Early Gestation or Late Gestation on Inhibitory Markers in Adult Male Rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1982. [PMID: 32029751 PMCID: PMC7004984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
People with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in inhibitory neurons and cognition. The timing of maternal immune activation (MIA) may present distinct schizophrenia-like phenotypes in progeny. We investigated whether early gestation [gestational day (GD) 10] or late gestation (GD19) MIA, via viral mimetic polyI:C, produces deficits in inhibitory neuron indices (GAD1, PVALB, SST, SSTR2 mRNAs) within cortical, striatal, and hippocampal subregions of male adult rat offspring. In situ hybridisation revealed that polyI:C offspring had: (1) SST mRNA reductions in the cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens shell, regardless of MIA timing; (2) SSTR2 mRNA reductions in the cortex and striatum of GD19, but not GD10, MIA; (3) no alterations in cortical or striatal GAD1 mRNA of polyI:C offspring, but an expected reduction of PVALB mRNA in the infralimbic cortex, and; (4) no alterations in inhibitory markers in hippocampus. Maternal IL-6 response negatively correlated with adult offspring SST mRNA in cortex and striatum, but not hippocampus. These results show lasting inhibitory-related deficits in cortex and striatum in adult offspring from MIA. SST downregulation in specific cortical and striatal subregions, with additional deficits in somatostatin-related signalling through SSTR2, may contribute to some of the adult behavioural changes resulting from MIA and its timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Rahman
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Harms
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Crystal Meehan
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Division of Psychology, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Juanita Todd
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah M Hodgson
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tertia Purves-Tyson
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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156
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Robinson SL, Thiele TE. A role for the neuropeptide somatostatin in the neurobiology of behaviors associated with substances abuse and affective disorders. Neuropharmacology 2020; 167:107983. [PMID: 32027909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, neuropeptides which display potent regulatory control of stress-related behaviors have been extensively demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating behaviors associated with substance abuse and affective disorders. Somatostatin (SST) is one neuropeptide known to significantly contribute to emotionality and stress behaviors. However, the role of SST in regulating behavior has received relatively little attention relative to other stress-involved peptides, such as neuropeptide Y or corticotrophin releasing factor. This review characterizes our current understanding of the role of SST and SST-expressing cells in general in modulating several behaviors intrinsically linked to substance abuse and affective disorders, specifically: anxiety and fear; stress and depression; feeding and drinking; and circadian rhythms. We further summarize evidence of a direct role for the SST system, and specifically somatostatin receptors 2 and 4, in substance abuse disorders. This article is part of the special issue on 'Neuropeptides'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Robinson
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Todd E Thiele
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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157
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Shukla R, Oh H, Sibille E. Molecular and Cellular Evidence for Age by Disease Interactions: Updates and Path Forward. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:237-247. [PMID: 31285153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of age-associated gene expression changes shows that the brain engages a specific set of genes and biologic pathways along a continuous life-long trajectory and that these genes and pathways overlap with those associated with brain-related disorders. Based on this correlative observation, we have suggested a model of age-by-disease interaction by which brain ageing promotes biologic changes associated with diseases and where deviations from expected age-related trajectories, due to biologic and environmental factors, contribute to defining disease risk or resiliency. In this review, we first evaluate various biomarkers that can be used to study age-by-disease interactions and then focus on transcriptome analysis (i.e., the set of all expressed genes) as a useful tool to explore this interaction. Using the specific example of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-associated genes, we then describe molecular events and mechanisms potentially contributing to age-by-disease interactions. Finally, we suggest that long-term biologic adaptations within distinct cellular components of cortical microcircuits, as determined by transcriptome analysis, may integrate and mediate the effects of ageing and diseases. Moving forward, we suggest that analysis of transcriptome similarities between ageing and small molecule-induced system perturbations may lead to novel therapeutics discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan Shukla
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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158
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Sun MY, Ziolkowski L, Mennerick S. δ subunit-containing GABA A IPSCs are driven by both synaptic and diffusional GABA in mouse dentate granule neurons. J Physiol 2020; 598:1205-1221. [PMID: 31951019 DOI: 10.1113/jp279317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Current views suggest γ2 subunit-containing GABAA receptors mediate phasic IPSCs while extrasynaptic δ subunits mediate diffusional IPSCs and tonic current. We have re-examined the roles of the two receptor populations using mice with picrotoxin resistance engineered into receptors containing the δ subunit. Using pharmacological separation, we find that in general δ and γ IPSCs are modulated in parallel by manipulations of transmitter output and diffusion, with evidence favouring modestly more diffusional contribution to δ IPSCs. Our findings also reveal that spontaneous δ IPSCs are mainly driven by channel deactivation, rather than by diffusion of GABA. Understanding the functional contributions of the two receptor classes may help us understand the actions of drug therapies with selective effects on one population over the other. ABSTRACT GABAA receptors mediate transmission throughout the central nervous system and typically contain a δ subunit (δ receptors) or a γ2 subunit (γ2 receptors). δ IPSCs decay slower than γ2 IPSCs, but the reasons are unclear. Transmitter diffusion, rebinding, or slow deactivation kinetics of channels are candidates. We used gene editing to confer picrotoxin resistance on δ receptors in mice, then pharmacologically isolated δ receptors in mouse dentate granule cells to explore IPSCs. γ2 and δ components of IPSCs were modulated similarly by presynaptic manipulations and manipulations of transmitter lifetime, suggesting that GABA release recruits δ receptors proportionally to γ2 receptors. δ IPSCs showed more sensitivity to altered transmitter release and to a rapidly dissociating antagonist, suggesting an additional spillover contribution. Reducing GABA diffusion with 5% dextran increased the peak amplitude and decreased the decay of evoked δ IPSCs but had no effect on δ or dual-component (mainly γ2-driven) spontaneous IPSCs, suggesting that GABA actions can be local for both receptor types. Rapid application of varied [GABA] onto nucleated patches from dentate granule cells demonstrated a deactivation rate of δ receptors similar to that of δ spontaneous IPSCs, consistent with the idea that deactivation and local GABA actions drive δ spontaneous IPSCs. Overall, our results indicate that δ IPSCs are activated by both synaptic and diffusional GABA. Our results are consistent with a functional relationship between δ and γ2 GABAA receptors akin to that of slow NMDA and fast AMPA EPSCs at glutamate synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Luke Ziolkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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159
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Gilbert JR, Zarate CA. Electrophysiological biomarkers of antidepressant response to ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: Gamma power and long-term potentiation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 189:172856. [PMID: 31958471 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the discovery of ketamine's antidepressant properties has galvanized research into the neurobiology of treatment-resistant depression. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action underlying antidepressant response to ketamine remains unclear. This study reviews electrophysiological studies of ketamine's effects in individuals with depression as well as healthy controls, with a focus on two putative markers of synaptic potentiation: gamma oscillations and long-term potentiation. The review focuses on: 1) measures of gamma oscillations and power and their relationship to both acute, psychotomimetic drug effects as well as delayed antidepressant response in mood disorders; 2) changes in long-term potentiation as a promising measure of synaptic potentiation following ketamine administration; and 3) recent efforts to model antidepressant response to ketamine using novel computational modeling techniques, in particular the application of dynamic causal modeling to electrophysiological data. The latter promises to better characterize the mechanisms underlying ketamine's antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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160
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Amelioration of cognitive impairments induced by GABA hypofunction in the male rat prefrontal cortex by direct and indirect dopamine D1 agonists SKF-81297 and d-Govadine. Neuropharmacology 2020; 162:107844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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161
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Puryear CB, Brooks J, Tan L, Smith K, Li Y, Cunningham J, Todtenkopf MS, Dean RL, Sanchez C. Opioid receptor modulation of neural circuits in depression: What can be learned from preclinical data? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:658-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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162
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Polis AJ, Fitzgerald PJ, Hale PJ, Watson BO. Rodent ketamine depression-related research: Finding patterns in a literature of variability. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112153. [PMID: 31419519 PMCID: PMC6783386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Discovering that the anesthetic drug ketamine has rapidly acting antidepressant effects in many individuals with major depression is one of the most important findings in clinical psychopharmacology in recent decades. The initial report of these effects in human subjects was based on a foundation of rodent preclinical studies carried out in the 1990s, and subsequent investigation has included both further studies in individuals with depression, as well as reverse translational experiments in animal models, especially rodents. While there is general agreement in the rodent literature that ketamine has rapidly-acting, and generally sustained, antidepressant-like properties, there are also points of contention across studies, including the precise mechanism of action of this drug. In this review, we briefly summarize prominent yet variable findings regarding the mechanism of action. We also discuss a combination of similarities and variances in the rodent literature in the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine as a function of dose, species and strain, test, stressor, and presumably sex of the experimenter. We then present previously unpublished mouse strain comparison data suggesting that subanesthetic ketamine does not have robust antidepressant-like properties in unstressed animals, and may actually promote depression-like behavior, in contrast to widely reported findings. We conclude that the data best support the notion of ketamine action principally via NMDA receptor antagonism, transiently boosting glutamatergic (and possibly other) signaling in diverse brain circuits. We also suggest that future studies should address in greater detail the extent to which antidepressant-like properties of this drug are stress-sensitive, in an effort to better model major depression present in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Polis
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5720, United States of America
| | - Paul J Fitzgerald
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5720, United States of America
| | - Pho J Hale
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5720, United States of America
| | - Brendon O Watson
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5720, United States of America.
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163
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Duman RS, Shinohara R, Fogaça MV, Hare B. Neurobiology of rapid-acting antidepressants: convergent effects on GluA1-synaptic function. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1816-1832. [PMID: 30894661 PMCID: PMC6754322 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to develop efficacious antidepressant agents with novel mechanisms have been largely unsuccessful since the 1950's until the discovery of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that produces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions even in treatment-resistant patients. This finding has ushered in a new era for the development of novel rapid-acting antidepressants that act at the NMDA receptor complex, but without dissociative and psychotomimetic side effects of ketamine. Here, we review the current state of rapid-acting antidepressant drug development, including NMDA channel blockers, glycine site agents, and allosteric modulators, as well as ketamine stereoisomers and metabolites. In addition, we focus on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the actions of these diverse agents and discuss evidence of convergent mechanisms including increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling, increased synthesis of synaptic proteins, and most notably increased GluR1 and synaptic connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex. These convergent mechanisms provide insight for potential additional novel targets for drug development (e.g., agents that increase synaptic protein synthesis and plasticity). Importantly, the convergent effects on synapse formation and plasticity also reverse the well-documented neuronal and synaptic deficits associated with stress and depression, and thereby target the underlying pathophysiology of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ryota Shinohara
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Manoela V Fogaça
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brendan Hare
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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164
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Prefrontal cortex interneurons display dynamic sex-specific stress-induced transcriptomes. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:292. [PMID: 31712551 PMCID: PMC6848179 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory interneurons play a key role in efferent and afferent control of principle neuron activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), thereby regulating signal integrity of cognitive and behavioral processes. Recent evidence suggests that specific subtypes of interneurons in the PFC mediate stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. Abnormalities of GABA interneurons, particularly the somatostatin (human, SST; mouse, Sst) subtype, have been reported in postmortem brains of depressed subjects and include sex differences that could explain the increased incidence of depression in women. Here, we analyze the transcriptional profiles and the effects of chronic stress in males vs. females on GABA interneuron subtypes in the PFC. Using Sst- and Parvalbumin-fluorescence tagged reporter mice and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) combined with RNA sequencing, we identify distinct transcriptome profiles for these interneuron subtypes in the medial PFC. Based on evidence that SST interneurons are altered in depression, we then determined the effects of chronic stress on this interneuron subtype. Chronic stress causes significant dysregulation of several key pathways, including sex-specific differences in the Sst interneuron profiles. The transcriptional pathways altered by chronic stress in males overlap with enriched pathways in non-stressed females. These changes occurred predominantly in decreased expression of elongation initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling, suggesting that dysfunction of the translational machinery of SST interneurons could be critical to the development of depressive-like behaviors in males. In addition, SST interneurons from females exposed to chronic stress show dysregulation of different, growth factor signaling pathways.
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165
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Ghosal S, Duman CH, Liu RJ, Wu M, Terwilliger R, Girgenti MJ, Wohleb E, Fogaca MV, Teichman EM, Hare B, Duman RS. Ketamine rapidly reverses stress-induced impairments in GABAergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex in male rodents. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104669. [PMID: 31707118 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in association with imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission has been implicated in depression. However, the precise cellular mechanisms underlying this imbalance, particularly for GABAergic transmission in the mPFC, and the link with the rapid acting antidepressant ketamine remains poorly understood. Here we determined the influence of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), an ethologically validated model of depression, on synaptic markers of GABA neurotransmission, and the influence of a single dose of ketamine on CUS-induced synaptic deficits in mPFC of male rodents. The results demonstrate that CUS decreases GABAergic proteins and the frequency of inhibitory post synaptic currents (IPSCs) of layer V mPFC pyramidal neurons, concomitant with depression-like behaviors. In contrast, a single dose of ketamine can reverse CUS-induced deficits of GABA markers, in conjunction with reversal of CUS-induced depressive-like behaviors. These findings provide further evidence of impairments of GABAergic synapses as key determinants of depressive behavior and highlight ketamine-induced synaptic responses that restore GABA inhibitory, as well as glutamate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriparna Ghosal
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Catharine H Duman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Rong-Jian Liu
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Min Wu
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Rosemarie Terwilliger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Eric Wohleb
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Manoela V Fogaca
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Emily M Teichman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Brendan Hare
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America.
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166
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McKlveen JM, Moloney RD, Scheimann JR, Myers B, Herman JP. "Braking" the Prefrontal Cortex: The Role of Glucocorticoids and Interneurons in Stress Adaptation and Pathology. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:669-681. [PMID: 31326084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives information regarding stimuli and appropriately orchestrates neurophysiological, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. The cellular and neurochemical heterogeneity of the mPFC and its projections are key to fine-tuning of stress responses and adaptation. Output of the mPFC is mediated by glutamatergic pyramidal neurons whose activity is coordinated by an intricate network of interneurons. Excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the mPFC is critical for appropriate responsiveness to stress, and E/I imbalance occurs in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders that co-occur with chronic stress. Moreover, there is mounting data suggesting that chronic stress may precipitate E/I imbalance. This review will provide information regarding the cellular and anatomical makeup of the mPFC and discuss the impact of acute and chronic stress in adulthood and early life on interneuron function, with implications for E/I balance affecting functional connectivity. Specifically, the review will highlight the importance of interneuron type, connectivity, and location (both layer- and subregion-specific). The discussion of local mPFC networks will focus on stress context, including stressor duration (acute vs. chronic) and timing (early life vs. adulthood), as these factors have significant implications for the interpretation of experiments and mPFC E/I balance. Indeed, interneurons appear to play a prominent role in prefrontal adaptation, and a better understanding of the interactions between stress and interneuron function may yield insight to the transition from adaptation to pathology. Ultimately, determining the mechanisms mediating adaptive versus pathologic plasticity will promote the development of novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders related to prefrontal E/I imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M McKlveen
- National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel D Moloney
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jessie R Scheimann
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brent Myers
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - James P Herman
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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167
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Murueta-Goyena A, Andikoetxea A, Gómez-Esteban JC, Gabilondo I. Contribution of the GABAergic System to Non-Motor Manifestations in Premotor and Early Stages of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1294. [PMID: 31736763 PMCID: PMC6831739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and they represent a major source of disease burden. Several non-motor manifestations, such as rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, olfactory loss, gastrointestinal abnormalities, visual alterations, cognitive and mood disorders, are known to precede the onset of motor signs. Nonetheless, the mechanisms mediating these alterations are poorly understood and probably involve several neurotransmitter systems. The dysregulation of GABAergic system has received little attention in PD, although the spectrum of non-motor symptoms might be linked to this pathway. This Mini Review aims to provide up-to-date information about the involvement of the GABAergic system for explaining non-motor manifestations in early stages of PD. Therefore, special attention is paid to the clinical data derived from patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder or drug-naïve patients with PD, as they represent prodromal and early stages of the disease, respectively. This, in combination with animal studies, might help us to understand how the disturbance of the GABAergic system is related to non-motor manifestations of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Murueta-Goyena
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ane Andikoetxea
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñigo Gabilondo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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168
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Dal Prà I, Armato U, Chiarini A. Family C G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Implications. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1282. [PMID: 31719824 PMCID: PMC6826475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), particularly its sporadic or late-onset form (SAD/LOAD), is the most prevalent (96–98% of cases) neurodegenerative dementia in aged people. AD’s neuropathology hallmarks are intrabrain accumulation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβs) and of hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) proteins, diffuse neuroinflammation, and progressive death of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Mounting evidences suggest that family C G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which include γ-aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABABRs), metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1-8), and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), are involved in many neurotransmitter systems that dysfunction in AD. This review updates the available knowledge about the roles of GPCRs, particularly but not exclusively those expressed by brain astrocytes, in SAD/LOAD onset and progression, taking stock of their respective mechanisms of action and of their potential as anti-AD therapeutic targets. In particular, GABABRs prevent Aβs synthesis and neuronal hyperexcitability and group I mGluRs play important pathogenetic roles in transgenic AD-model animals. Moreover, the specific binding of Aβs to the CaSRs of human cortical astrocytes and neurons cultured in vitro engenders a pathological signaling that crucially promotes the surplus synthesis and release of Aβs and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins, and also of nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and proinflammatory agents. Concurrently, Aβs•CaSR signaling hinders the release of soluble (s)APP-α peptide, a neurotrophic agent and GABABR1a agonist. Altogether these effects progressively kill human cortical neurons in vitro and likely also in vivo. Several CaSR’s negative allosteric modulators suppress all the noxious effects elicited by Aβs•CaSR signaling in human cortical astrocytes and neurons thus safeguarding neurons’ viability in vitro and raising hopes about their potential therapeutic benefits in AD patients. Further basic and clinical investigations on these hot topics are needed taking always heed that activation of the several brain family C GPCRs may elicit divergent upshots according to the models studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dal Prà
- Human Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Human Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
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169
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Coppola G, Rurak GM, Simard S, Salmaso N. A Further Analysis and Commentary on: Profiling Changes in Cortical Astroglial Cells Following Chronic Stress. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519870182. [PMID: 31452604 PMCID: PMC6698990 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519870182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression proposes that major
depressive disorders are related to decreased hippocampal and cortical
neural plasticity, which is reversed by antidepressant treatment.
Astroglial cells have emerged as key mediators of neural plasticity
and are involved in the cause and treatment of depression and
anxiety-like behaviors. One of the ways that astroglia modulate
neuroplasticity is through the formation and maintenance of
perineuronal nets (PNNs). Perineuronal nets are important
extracellular matrix components that respond to stress and are
implicated in anxiety-like behaviors. Normally, astroglial cells
continuously turnover PNNs by degrading and donating PNN proteins;
however, chronic stress slows PNN protein degradation and increases
cortical PNN expression overall. In this report, we used weighted gene
co-expression network analysis and eigengene analysis to further
delineate the pathways and key regulators involved in the
astroglial-PNN relationship following chronic stress. Our analyses
indicate that chronic variable stress induces the expression of PNNs
through inhibition of trophic pathways and key transcription factors
in astroglial cells. These data further support the integral role of
astroglial cells in the neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression
through their modulation of anxiety-like behaviors and PNNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth M Rurak
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Simard
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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170
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Chen K, Yang G, So KF, Zhang L. Activation of Cortical Somatostatin Interneurons Rescues Synapse Loss and Motor Deficits after Acute MPTP Infusion. iScience 2019; 17:230-241. [PMID: 31307003 PMCID: PMC6629723 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult dendritic spines present structural and functional plasticity, which forms the basis of learning and memory. To provide in vivo evidence of spine plasticity under neurotoxicity, we generated an acute motor deficit model by single injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into adult mice. Acute MPTP infusion impairs motor learnings across test paradigms. In vivo two-photon imaging further revealed MPTP-induced prominent dendritic spine loss and substantially increased calcium spikes in apical tufts of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex. MPTP infusion also decreased the activity of somatostatin (SST)-expressing inhibitory interneurons. Further chemogenetic re-activation of SST interneurons reversed MPTP-induced hyperactivation of dendrites, rescued spine loss, and enhanced motor learning. Taken together, our study reports MPTP-induced structural and functional deficits of dendritic spines and suggests the potency of modulating local inhibitory transmission to relieve neurological disorders. Acute MPTP infusion induces cortical spine loss and motor learning deficits MPTP hyperactivates dendritic Ca2+ spikes and suppresses SST-interneuron activity Chemogenetics activation of SST-interneuron corrects spine loss and motor deficits
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.
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171
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Pham TH, Gardier AM. Fast-acting antidepressant activity of ketamine: highlights on brain serotonin, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmission in preclinical studies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:58-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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172
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Miyata S, Kumagaya R, Kakizaki T, Fujihara K, Wakamatsu K, Yanagawa Y. Loss of Glutamate Decarboxylase 67 in Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons Leads to Anxiety-Like Behavior and Alteration in the Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:131. [PMID: 31275123 PMCID: PMC6591520 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide. Several lines of evidence suggest that the dysfunction of somatostatin (SOM) neurons is associated with the pathophysiology of MDD. Importantly, most SOM neurons are γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons. However, whether the dysfunction of GABAergic neurotransmission from SOM neurons contributes to the pathophysiology of MDD remains elusive. To address this issue, we investigated the emotional behaviors and relevant molecular mechanism in mice lacking glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), an isoform of GABA-synthesizing enzyme, specifically in SOM neurons (SOM-GAD67 mice). The SOM-GAD67 mice exhibited anxiety-like behavior in the open-field test without an effect on locomotor activity. The SOM-GAD67 mice showed depression-like behavior in neither the forced swimming test nor the sucrose preference test. In addition, the ability to form contextual fear memory was normal in the SOM-GAD67 mice. Furthermore, the plasma corticosterone level was normal in the SOM-GAD67 mice both under baseline and stress conditions. The expression ratios of p-AktSer473/Akt and p-GSK3βSer9/GSK3β were decreased in the frontal cortex of SOM-GAD67 mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the loss of GAD67 from SOM neurons may lead to the development of anxiety-like but not depression-like states mediated by modification of Akt/GSK3β activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Miyata
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryota Kumagaya
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kakizaki
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Fujihara
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kaori Wakamatsu
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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173
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Murthy S, Kane GA, Katchur NJ, Lara Mejia PS, Obiofuma G, Buschman TJ, McEwen BS, Gould E. Perineuronal Nets, Inhibitory Interneurons, and Anxiety-Related Ventral Hippocampal Neuronal Oscillations Are Altered by Early Life Adversity. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:1011-1020. [PMID: 31027646 PMCID: PMC6590696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, accumulated adverse experiences during childhood increase the risk of anxiety disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In rodents, the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) is associated with anxiety regulation, and lesions in this region alter both anxiety-like behavior and activity levels. Neuronal oscillations in the vHIP of the theta frequency range (4-12 Hz) have been implicated in anxious states and derive in part from the activity of inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus, some of which are enwrapped with perineuronal nets (PNNs), extracellular matrix structures known to regulate plasticity. We sought to investigate the associations among early life stress-induced anxiety and hyperactivity with vHIP neuronal oscillations, inhibitory interneurons, and PNNs in mice. METHODS We used repeated maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) to model accumulated early life adversity in mouse offspring and studied the underlying cellular and electrophysiological changes in the vHIP that are associated with excessive anxiety and hyperactivity. RESULTS We found increased anxiety-like behavior and activity levels in MSEW adult males, along with increased theta power and enhanced theta-gamma coupling in the vHIP. MSEW mice showed reduced intensity of parvalbumin as well as increased PNN intensity around parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the vHIP. We further observed that MSEW increased orthodenticle homeobox protein 2, a transcription factor promoting PNN development, in the choroid plexus, where it is produced, as well as in parvalbumin-positive interneurons, where it is sequestered. CONCLUSIONS These findings raise the possibility of causal links among parvalbumin-positive interneurons, PNNs, orthodenticle homeobox protein 2, and MSEW-induced anxiety and hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Murthy
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Gary A. Kane
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Nicole J. Katchur
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Paula S. Lara Mejia
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Gracious Obiofuma
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Timothy J. Buschman
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Bruce S. McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, NY, NY 10021
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
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174
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Wang CZ, Ma J, Xu YQ, Jiang SN, Chen TQ, Yuan ZL, Mao XY, Zhang SQ, Liu LY, Fu Y, Yu YC. Early-generated interneurons regulate neuronal circuit formation during early postnatal development. eLife 2019; 8:44649. [PMID: 31120418 PMCID: PMC6533056 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A small subset of interneurons that are generated earliest as pioneer neurons are the first cohort of neurons that enter the neocortex. However, it remains largely unclear whether these early-generated interneurons (EGIns) predominantly regulate neocortical circuit formation. Using inducible genetic fate mapping to selectively label EGIns and pseudo-random interneurons (pRIns), we found that EGIns exhibited more mature electrophysiological and morphological properties and higher synaptic connectivity than pRIns in the somatosensory cortex at early postnatal stages. In addition, when stimulating one cell, the proportion of EGIns that influence spontaneous network synchronization is significantly higher than that of pRIns. Importantly, toxin-mediated ablation of EGIns after birth significantly reduce spontaneous network synchronization and decrease inhibitory synaptic formation during the first postnatal week. These results suggest that EGIns can shape developing networks and may contribute to the refinement of neuronal connectivity before the establishment of the adult neuronal circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zheng Wang
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Qian Xu
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Na Jiang
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Qi Chen
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zu-Liang Yuan
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Mao
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qing Zhang
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Yun Liu
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Fu
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Chun Yu
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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175
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Somatostatin-Based Signaling in Two Model Neural Networks, the Retina and the Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102506. [PMID: 31117258 PMCID: PMC6566141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural inhibition plays a key role in determining the specific computational tasks of different brain circuitries. This functional "braking" activity is provided by inhibitory interneurons that use different neurochemicals for signaling. One of these substances, somatostatin, is found in several neural networks, raising questions about the significance of its widespread occurrence and usage. Here, we address this issue by analyzing the somatostatinergic system in two regions of the central nervous system: the retina and the hippocampus. By comparing the available information on these structures, we identify common motifs in the action of somatostatin that may explain its involvement in such diverse circuitries. The emerging concept is that somatostatin-based signaling, through conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms, allows neural networks to operate correctly.
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176
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Fitzgerald PJ, Watson BO. In vivo electrophysiological recordings of the effects of antidepressant drugs. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1593-1614. [PMID: 31079238 PMCID: PMC6584243 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are a standard biological treatment for various neuropsychiatric disorders, yet relatively little is known about their electrophysiologic and synaptic effects on mood systems that set moment-to-moment emotional tone. In vivo electrical recording of local field potentials (LFPs) and single neuron spiking has been crucial for elucidating important details of neural processing and control in many other systems, and yet electrical approaches have not been broadly applied to the actions of antidepressants on mood-related circuits. Here we review the literature encompassing electrophysiologic effects of antidepressants in animals, including studies that examine older drugs, and extending to more recently synthesized novel compounds, as well as rapidly acting antidepressants. The existing studies on neuromodulator-based drugs have focused on recording in the brainstem nuclei, with much less known about their effects on prefrontal or sensory cortex. Studies on neuromodulatory drugs have moreover focused on single unit firing patterns with less emphasis on LFPs, whereas the rapidly acting antidepressant literature shows the opposite trend. In a synthesis of this information, we hypothesize that all classes of antidepressants could have common final effects on limbic circuitry. Whereas NMDA receptor blockade may induce a high powered gamma oscillatory state via direct and fast alteration of glutamatergic systems in mood-related circuits, neuromodulatory antidepressants may induce similar effects over slower timescales, corresponding with the timecourse of response in patients, while resetting synaptic excitatory versus inhibitory signaling to a normal level. Thus, gamma signaling may provide a biomarker (or “neural readout”) of the therapeutic effects of all classes of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5720, USA.
| | - Brendon O Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5720, USA.
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177
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Duman RS, Sanacora G, Krystal JH. Altered Connectivity in Depression: GABA and Glutamate Neurotransmitter Deficits and Reversal by Novel Treatments. Neuron 2019; 102:75-90. [PMID: 30946828 PMCID: PMC6450409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology and treatment of depression and stress-related disorders remain unclear, but studies in depressed patients and rodent models are beginning to yield promising insights. These studies demonstrate that depression and chronic stress exposure cause atrophy of neurons in cortical and limbic brain regions implicated in depression, and brain imaging studies demonstrate altered connectivity and network function in the brains of depressed patients. Studies of the neurobiological basis of the these alterations have focused on both the principle, excitatory glutamate neurons, as well as inhibitory GABA interneurons. They demonstrate structural, functional, and neurochemical deficits in both major neuronal types that could lead to degradation of signal integrity in cortical and hippocampal regions. The molecular mechanisms underlying these changes have not been identified but are thought to be related to stress induced excitotoxic effects in combination with elevated adrenal glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines as well as other environmental factors. Transcriptomic studies are beginning to demonstrate important sex differences and, together with genomic studies, are starting to reveal mechanistic domains of overlap and uniqueness with regards to risk and pathophysiological mechanisms with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These studies also implicate GABA and glutamate dysfunction as well as immunologic mechanisms. While current antidepressants have significant time lag and efficacy limitations, new rapid-acting agents that target the glutamate and GABA systems address these issues and offer superior therapeutic interventions for this widespread and debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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178
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Prevot TD, Li G, Vidojevic A, Misquitta KA, Fee C, Santrac A, Knutson DE, Stephen MR, Kodali R, Zahn NM, Arnold LA, Scholze P, Fisher JL, Marković BD, Banasr M, Cook JM, Savic M, Sibille E. Novel Benzodiazepine-Like Ligands with Various Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, or Pro-Cognitive Profiles. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 5:84-97. [PMID: 31192221 PMCID: PMC6528097 DOI: 10.1159/000496086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function is consistently reported in psychiatric disorders, normal aging, and neurodegenerative disorders and reduced function of GABA interneurons is associated with both mood and cognitive symptoms. Benzodiazepines (BZ) have broad anxiolytic, but also sedative, anticonvulsant and amnesic effects, due to nonspecific GABA-A receptor (GABAA-R) targeting. Varying the profile of activity of BZs at GABAA-Rs is predicted to uncover additional therapeutic potential. We synthesized four novel imidazobenzodiazepine (IBZD) amide ligands and tested them for positive allosteric modulation at multiple α-GABAA-R (α-positive allosteric modulators), pharmacokinetic properties, as well as anxiolytic and antidepressant activities in adult mice. Efficacy at reversing stress-induced or age-related working memory deficits was assessed using a spontaneous alternation task. Diazepam (DZP) was used as a control. Three ligands (GL-II-73, GL-II-74, and GL-II-75) demonstrated adequate brain penetration and showed predictive anxiolytic and antidepressant efficacies. GL-II-73 and GL-II-75 significantly reversed stress-induced and age-related working memory deficits. In contrast, DZP displayed anxiolytic but no antidepressant effects or effects on working memory. We demonstrate distinct profiles of anxiolytic, antidepressant, and/or pro-cognitive activities of newly designed IBZD amide ligands, suggesting novel therapeutic potential for IBZD derivatives in depression and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vidojevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Keith A. Misquitta
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Fee
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anja Santrac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniel E. Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bojan D. Marković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miroslav Savic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,*Etienne Sibille, PhD, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Room 134, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 (Canada), E-Mail
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179
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Fogaça MV, Duman RS. Cortical GABAergic Dysfunction in Stress and Depression: New Insights for Therapeutic Interventions. Front Cell Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 30914923 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00087/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness characterized by neuroanatomical and functional alterations in limbic structures, notably the prefrontal cortex (PFC), that can be precipitated by exposure to chronic stress. For decades, the monoaminergic deficit hypothesis of depression provided the conceptual framework to understand the pathophysiology of MDD. However, accumulating evidence suggests that MDD and chronic stress are associated with an imbalance of excitation-inhibition (E:I) within the PFC, generated by a deficit of inhibitory synaptic transmission onto principal glutamatergic neurons. MDD patients and chronically stressed animals show a reduction in GABA and GAD67 levels in the brain, decreased expression of GABAergic interneuron markers, and alterations in GABAA and GABAB receptor levels. Moreover, genetically modified animals with deletion of specific GABA receptors subunits or interneuron function show depressive-like behaviors. Here, we provide further evidence supporting the role of cortical GABAergic interneurons, mainly somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing cells, required for the optimal E:I balance in the PFC and discuss how the malfunction of these cells can result in depression-related behaviors. Finally, considering the relatively low efficacy of current available medications, we review new fast-acting pharmacological approaches that target the GABAergic system to treat MDD. We conclude that deficits in cortical inhibitory neurotransmission and interneuron function resulting from chronic stress exposure can compromise the integrity of neurocircuits and result in the development of MDD and other stress-related disorders. Drugs that can establish a new E:I balance in the PFC by targeting the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems show promising as fast-acting antidepressants and represent breakthrough strategies for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela V Fogaça
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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180
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The Role of Dendritic Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Transcripts on Altered Inhibitory Circuitry in Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:517-526. [PMID: 30449530 PMCID: PMC6380918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A parallel downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and somatostatin (SST), a marker of inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid interneurons that target pyramidal cell dendrites, has been reported in several brain areas of subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD). Rodent genetic studies suggest that they are linked and that both contribute to the illness. However, the mechanism by which they contribute to the pathophysiology of the illness has remained elusive. METHODS With quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we determined the expression level of BDNF transcript variants and synaptic markers in the prefrontal cortex of patients with MDD and matched control subjects (n = 19/group) and of C57BL/6J mice exposed to chronic stress or control conditions (n = 12/group). We next suppressed Bdnf transcripts with long 3' untranslated region (L-3'-UTR) using short hairpin RNA and investigated changes in cell morphology, gene expression, and behavior. RESULTS L-3'-UTRs containing BDNF messenger RNAs, which migrate to distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons, are selectively reduced, and their expression was highly correlated with SST expression in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with MDD. A similar downregulation occurs in mice submitted to chronic stress. We next show that Bdnf L-3'-UTR knockdown is sufficient to induce 1) dendritic shrinkage in cortical neurons, 2) cell-specific MDD-like gene changes (including Sst downregulation), and 3) depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. The translational validity of the Bdnf L-3'-UTR short hairpin RNA-treated mice was confirmed by significant cross-species correlation of changes in MDD-associated gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for a novel MDD-related pathological mechanism linking local neurotrophic support, pyramidal cell structure, dendritic inhibition, and mood regulation.
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181
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Fogaça MV, Duman RS. Cortical GABAergic Dysfunction in Stress and Depression: New Insights for Therapeutic Interventions. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:87. [PMID: 30914923 PMCID: PMC6422907 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness characterized by neuroanatomical and functional alterations in limbic structures, notably the prefrontal cortex (PFC), that can be precipitated by exposure to chronic stress. For decades, the monoaminergic deficit hypothesis of depression provided the conceptual framework to understand the pathophysiology of MDD. However, accumulating evidence suggests that MDD and chronic stress are associated with an imbalance of excitation-inhibition (E:I) within the PFC, generated by a deficit of inhibitory synaptic transmission onto principal glutamatergic neurons. MDD patients and chronically stressed animals show a reduction in GABA and GAD67 levels in the brain, decreased expression of GABAergic interneuron markers, and alterations in GABAA and GABAB receptor levels. Moreover, genetically modified animals with deletion of specific GABA receptors subunits or interneuron function show depressive-like behaviors. Here, we provide further evidence supporting the role of cortical GABAergic interneurons, mainly somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing cells, required for the optimal E:I balance in the PFC and discuss how the malfunction of these cells can result in depression-related behaviors. Finally, considering the relatively low efficacy of current available medications, we review new fast-acting pharmacological approaches that target the GABAergic system to treat MDD. We conclude that deficits in cortical inhibitory neurotransmission and interneuron function resulting from chronic stress exposure can compromise the integrity of neurocircuits and result in the development of MDD and other stress-related disorders. Drugs that can establish a new E:I balance in the PFC by targeting the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems show promising as fast-acting antidepressants and represent breakthrough strategies for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela V Fogaça
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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182
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Watts D, Pfaffenseller B, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Paul Géa L, Cardoso TDA, Kapczinski F. Agmatine as a potential therapeutic intervention in bipolar depression: the preclinical landscape. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:327-339. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1581764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devon Watts
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Luiza Paul Géa
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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183
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Shukla R, Prevot TD, French L, Isserlin R, Rocco BR, Banasr M, Bader GD, Sibille E. The Relative Contributions of Cell-Dependent Cortical Microcircuit Aging to Cognition and Anxiety. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:257-267. [PMID: 30446205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is accompanied by altered thinking (cognition) and feeling (mood), functions that depend on information processing by brain cortical cell microcircuits. We hypothesized that age-associated long-term functional and biological changes are mediated by gene transcriptomic changes within neuronal cell types forming cortical microcircuits, namely excitatory pyramidal cells (PYCs) and inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip), somatostatin (Sst), and parvalbumin (Pvalb). METHODS To test this hypothesis, we assessed locomotor, anxiety-like, and cognitive behavioral changes between young (2 months of age, n = 9) and old (22 months of age, n = 12) male C57BL/6 mice, and performed frontal cortex cell type-specific molecular profiling, using laser capture microscopy and RNA sequencing. Results were analyzed by neuroinformatics and validated by fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULTS Old mice displayed increased anxiety and reduced working memory. The four cell types displayed distinct age-related transcriptomes and biological pathway profiles, affecting metabolic and cell signaling pathways, and selective markers of neuronal vulnerability (Ryr3), resilience (Oxr1), and mitochondrial dynamics (Opa1), suggesting high age-related vulnerability of PYCs, and variable degree of adaptation in gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons. Correlations between gene expression and behaviors suggest that changes in cognition and anxiety associated with age are partly mediated by normal age-related cell changes, and that additional age-independent decreases in synaptic and signaling pathways, notably in PYCs and somatostatin neurons, further contribute to behavioral changes. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates cell-dependent differential vulnerability and coordinated cell-specific cortical microcircuit molecular changes with age. Collectively, the results suggest intrinsic molecular links among aging, cognition, and mood-related behaviors, with somatostatin neurons contributing evenly to both behavioral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan Shukla
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas D Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leon French
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ruth Isserlin
- Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brad R Rocco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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184
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Wang C, Yu B, Li M, Zhao C, Roper SN, Chen H. Two Groups of eGFP-Expressing Neurons with Distinct Characteristics in the Neocortex of GIN Mice. Neuroscience 2019; 404:268-281. [PMID: 30703506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GIN (GFP-expressing inhibitory interneuron) transgenic mice are believed to express the enhanced GFP (eGFP) in a subset of somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons in the neocortex and have been widely used in the study on SST interneurons. Previous studies showed that eGFP+ neurons in the neocortex are distributed in the layer II-IV and upper layer V (cortical eGFP neurons) and contain SST. In this study, we reported a new group of eGFP+ neurons in GIN mice at early postnatal ages, which was located in the deep layer of the lateral neocortex as clusters (cluster eGFP neurons). Cluster eGFP neurons were noticeable at birth but disappeared within two months, in contrast to cortical eGFP neurons that started to appear around postnatal day 3 to 5 and existed through life. Cluster eGFP neurons were not immunoreactive for SST antibodies, contrary to cortical eGFP neurons. They were also not immunolabeled by parvalbumin, a marker for another major type of interneurons, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases II, a commonly used marker for excitatory neurons. Firing rate, afterhyperpolarization, and excitatory synaptic activity significantly enhanced in cortical eGFP neurons during postnatal development, but these properties remained mostly unchanged in cluster eGFP neurons. Short-term plasticity of the excitatory synapse showed robust facilitation in cortical eGFP neurons but depression in cluster eGFP neurons. These results implied that eGFP might also be expressed in other types of cortical neurons in addition to SST-containing interneurons in GIN mice at early postnatal ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Wang
- Key Lab of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baocong Yu
- Key Lab of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiyi Li
- Key Lab of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Lab of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Steven N Roper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Huanxin Chen
- Key Lab of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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185
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Hu X, Rocco BR, Fee C, Sibille E. Cell Type-Specific Gene Expression of Alpha 5 Subunit-Containing Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Subtype A Receptors in Human and Mouse Frontal Cortex. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 4:204-215. [PMID: 30815456 DOI: 10.1159/000495840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that deficits in somatostatin (SST)-expressing neuron signaling contributes to major depressive disorder. Preclinical studies show that enhancing this signaling, specifically at α5 subunit-containing γ-ami-nobutyric acid subtype A receptors (α5-GABAARs), provides a potential means to overcome low SST neuron function. The cortical microcircuit comprises multiple subtypes of inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons and excitatory pyramidal cells (PYCs). In this study, multilabel fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to characterize α5-GABAAR gene expression in PYCs and three GABAergic neuron subgroups - vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-, SST-, and parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells - in the human and mouse frontal cortex. Across species, we found the majority of gene expression in PYCs (human: 39.7%; mouse: 54.14%), less abundant expression in PV neurons (human: 20%; mouse: 16.33%), and no expression in VIP neurons (0%). Only human SST cells expressed GABRA5, albeit at low levels (human: 8.3%; mouse: 0%). Together, this localization suggests potential roles for α5-GABAARs within the cortical microcircuit: (1) regulators of PYCs, (2) regulators of PV cell activity across species, and (3) sparse regulators of SST cell inhibition in humans. These results will advance our ability to predict the effects of pharmacological agents targeting α5-GABAARs, which have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Hu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brad R Rocco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Fee
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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186
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Günther T, Tulipano G, Dournaud P, Bousquet C, Csaba Z, Kreienkamp HJ, Lupp A, Korbonits M, Castaño JP, Wester HJ, Culler M, Melmed S, Schulz S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CV. Somatostatin Receptors: Structure, Function, Ligands, and New Nomenclature. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 70:763-835. [PMID: 30232095 PMCID: PMC6148080 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.015388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin, also known as somatotropin-release inhibitory factor, is a cyclopeptide that exerts potent inhibitory actions on hormone secretion and neuronal excitability. Its physiologic functions are mediated by five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called somatostatin receptor (SST)1-5. These five receptors share common structural features and signaling mechanisms but differ in their cellular and subcellular localization and mode of regulation. SST2 and SST5 receptors have evolved as primary targets for pharmacological treatment of pituitary adenomas and neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, SST2 is a prototypical GPCR for the development of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 25 years on the physiology, pharmacology, and clinical applications related to SSTs. We also discuss potential future developments and propose a new nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Günther
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Tulipano
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Pascal Dournaud
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Michael Culler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
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187
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Pandya M, Palpagama TH, Turner C, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RL, Kwakowsky A. Sex- and age-related changes in GABA signaling components in the human cortex. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:5. [PMID: 30642393 PMCID: PMC6332906 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Previous studies have shown fluctuations in expression levels of GABA signaling components-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), GABA receptor (GABAR) subunit, and GABA transporter (GAT)-with increasing age and between sexes; however, this limited knowledge is highly based on animal models that produce inconsistent findings. This study is the first analysis of the age- and sex-specific changes of the GAD, GABAA/BR subunits, and GAT expression in the human primary sensory and motor cortices; superior (STG), middle (MTG), and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG); and cerebellum. Utilizing Western blotting, we found that the GABAergic system is relatively robust against sex and age-related differences in all brain regions examined. However, we observed several sex-dependent differences in GABAAR subunit expression in STG along with age-dependent GABAAR subunit and GAD level alteration. No significant age-related differences were found in α1, α2, α5, β3, and γ2 subunit expression in the STG. However, we found significantly higher GABAAR α3 subunit expression in the STG in young males compared to old males. We observed a significant sex-dependent difference in α1 subunit expression: males presenting significantly higher levels compared to women across all stages of life in STG. Older females showed significantly lower α2, α5, and β3 subunit expression compared to old males in the STG. These changes found in the STG might significantly influence GABAergic neurotransmission and lead to sex- and age-specific disease susceptibility and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Pandya
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thulani H. Palpagama
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clinton Turner
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henry J. Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L. Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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188
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Tamune H, Hamamoto Y, Aso N, Yamamoto N. Cefepime-induced encephalopathy: Neural mass modeling of triphasic wave-like generalized periodic discharges with a high negative component (Tri-HNC). Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:34-42. [PMID: 30375126 PMCID: PMC7379539 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, acts as a GABAA receptor antagonist. Cefepime-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is frequently overlooked. We aimed to clarify the clinical features, characteristic electroencephalography (EEG), and mechanisms of CIE to aid in its early recognition. METHODS CIE cases documented by a single-center consultation-liaison team between April 2015 and March 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. For further investigation, neural mass modeling was performed in silico. RESULTS Three patients with CIE refused medication/examination and showed overt pain, palilalia, and much greater deterioration of eye and verbal response than the motor response, which was possibly related to GABAergic dysfunction. Triphasic wave-like generalized periodic discharges with a high negative component (Tri-HNC) were identified on the EEG of all three cases. The simulation reproduced the characteristic feature of 2-3 Hz Tri-HNC and recovery course on EEG, and a possible involvement of individual differences in pharmacological intervention. It also suggested that auto-inhibition (synaptic inputs from interneuron to interneuron) dysregulation contributed to generating Tri-HNC in CIE. CONCLUSION As CIE is iatrogenic and continues unless cefepime is stopped, early recognition is crucial. Physicians should be vigilant about altered mental status, pain, and verbal changes in patients taking cefepime. Tri-HNC on EEG can expedite the diagnosis of CIE, and the association between Tri-HNC and CIE suggests that an excitatory and inhibitory imbalance due to the dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons is the underlying mechanism. This modeling may offer a new method of investigating disorders related to GABAergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Tamune
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Hamamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naofumi Aso
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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189
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Wang C, Hou J, Du H, Yan S, Yang J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhu L, Zhao H. Anti-depressive effect of Shuangxinfang on rats with acute myocardial infarction: Promoting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mobilization and alleviating inflammatory response. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:19-30. [PMID: 30553131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are recruited to injured site for cardiac self-repairing in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the spontaneous mobilization of BM-MSCs is insufficient for self-repairing. Inflammation initiated by necrosis cardiomyocytes induced cardiac remodeling and depression. Given the anti-inflammatory effects of BM-MSCs and the inextricably relationship among inflammation, ventricular remodeling and depression following AMI, methods focused on enhancing BM-MSCs mobilization are promising. Shuangxinfang (Psycho-cardiology Formula, PCF) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription. In this study, we explored its psycho-cardiology effects in rats with AMI and explore its potential mechanism. Our results showed PCF inhibited inflammation caused by injured myocardium, improved heart function and depression developed from myocardial infarction, and these might partly attribute to the higher BM-MSCs mobilization efficiency promoted by PCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijng 100078, China
| | - Jiqiu Hou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijng 100029, China
| | - Hongsen Du
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijng 100029, China
| | - Shasha Yan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijng 100029, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijng 100029, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijng 100029, China
| | - Xiujing Zhang
- The Third Affiliate Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijng 100029, China
| | - Haibin Zhao
- The Third Affiliate Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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190
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Labonté B. The Opioid System as a Long-Lasting Molecular Witness of Child Abuse in the Brain. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:706-707. [PMID: 30360775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Labonté
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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191
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Wellman CL, Bangasser DA, Bollinger JL, Coutellier L, Logrip ML, Moench KM, Urban KR. Sex Differences in Risk and Resilience: Stress Effects on the Neural Substrates of Emotion and Motivation. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9423-9432. [PMID: 30381434 PMCID: PMC6209838 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1673-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for stress-sensitive psychopathologies differs in men and women, yet little is known about sex-dependent effects of stress on cellular structure and function in corticolimbic regions implicated in these disorders. Determining how stress influences these regions in males and females will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex-biased psychopathology. Here, we discuss sex differences in CRF regulation of arousal and cognition, glucocorticoid modulation of amygdalar physiology and alcohol consumption, the age-dependent impact of social stress on prefrontal pyramidal cell excitability, stress effects on the prefrontal parvalbumin system in relation to emotional behaviors, contributions of stress and gonadal hormones to stress effects on prefrontal glia, and alterations in corticolimbic structure and function after cessation of chronic stress. These studies demonstrate that, while sex differences in stress effects may be nuanced, nonuniform, and nonlinear, investigations of these differences are nonetheless critical for developing effective, sex-specific treatments for psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Wellman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405,
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Justin L Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Marian L Logrip
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, and
| | - Kelly M Moench
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Kimberly R Urban
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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192
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Grech AM, Ratnayake U, Hannan AJ, van den Buuse M, Hill RA. Sex-Dependent Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Spatial Memory and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Signaling in a Developmental "Two-Hit" Mouse Model Combining BDNF Haploinsufficiency and Chronic Glucocorticoid Stimulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:227. [PMID: 30356704 PMCID: PMC6189322 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of adverse genetic and environmental insults. The "two-hit" hypothesis suggests that an early first "hit" primes the developing brain to be vulnerable to a second "hit" during adolescence which triggers behavioral dysfunction. We have previously modeled this scenario in mice and found that the combined effect of a genetic hapolinsuffuciency in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (1st hit) and chronic corticosterone (CORT) treatment during adolescence (2nd hit), caused spatial memory impairments in adulthood. Environmental enrichment (EE) protocols are designed to stimulate experience-dependent plasticity and have shown therapeutic actions. This study investigated whether EE can reverse these spatial memory impairments. Wild-type (WT) and BDNF heterozygous (HET) mice were treated with corticosterone (CORT) in their drinking water (50 mg/L) from weeks 6 to 8 and exposed to EE from 7 to 9 weeks. Enriched housing included open top cages with additional toys, tunnels, housing, and platforms. Y-maze novel preference testing, to assess short-term spatial memory, was performed at 10 weeks of age. At week 16 dorsal hippocampus tissue was obtained for Western blot analysis of expression levels of BDNF, the BDNF receptor TrkB, and NMDA receptor subunits, GluNR1, 2A and 2B. As in our previous studies, spatial memory was impaired in our two-hit (BDNF HET + CORT) mice. Simultaneous EE prevented these impairments. However, EE appeared to worsen spatial memory performance in WT mice, particularly those exposed to CORT. While BDNF levels were lower in BDNF HET mice as expected, there were no further effects of CORT or EE in males but a close to significant female CORT × EE × genotype interaction which qualitatively corresponded with Y-maze performance. However, EE caused both sex- and genotype-specific effects on phosphorylated TrkB residues and GluNR expression within the dorsal hippocampus, with GluNR2B levels in males changing in parallel with spatial memory performance. In conclusion, beneficial effects of EE on spatial memory emerge only following two developmental disruptions. The mechanisms by which EE exerts its effects are likely via regulation of multiple activity-dependent pathways, including TrkB and NMDA receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne M. Grech
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Udani Ratnayake
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Hannan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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193
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Yuan F, Chen X, Fang KH, Wang Y, Lin M, Xu SB, Huo HQ, Xu M, Ma L, Chen Y, He S, Liu Y. Induction of human somatostatin and parvalbumin neurons by expressing a single transcription factor LIM homeobox 6. eLife 2018; 7:37382. [PMID: 30251953 PMCID: PMC6181563 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human GABAergic interneurons (GIN) are implicated in normal brain function and in numerous mental disorders. However, the generation of functional human GIN subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has not been established. By expressing LHX6, a transcriptional factor that is critical for GIN development, we induced hPSCs to form GINs, including somatostatin (SST, 29%) and parvalbumin (PV, 21%) neurons. Our RNAseq results also confirmed the alteration of GIN identity with the overexpression of LHX6. Five months after transplantation into the mouse brain, the human GABA precursors generated increased population of SST and PV neurons by overexpressing LHX6. Importantly, the grafted human GINs exhibited functional electrophysiological properties and even fast-spiking-like action potentials. Thus, expression of the single transcription factor LHX6 under our GIN differentiation condition is sufficient to robustly induce human PV and SST subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical Unveristy, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Heng Fang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyan Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Bo Xu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Qin Huo
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixiang Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuijin He
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical Unveristy, Nanjing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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194
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Fitzgerald PJ, Watson BO. Gamma oscillations as a biomarker for major depression: an emerging topic. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:177. [PMID: 30181587 PMCID: PMC6123432 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers for major depression is of high importance for improving diagnosis and treatment of this common and debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder, as the field seeks to move toward both personalized and more effective treatments. Here we focus on electroencephalography (EEG) or direct scalp voltage recordings as such a biomarker, with an emphasis on gamma and high gamma oscillations (or "rhythms"). In the last several decades, alpha and theta band rhythms have been found to provide information on depressive state as well as recovery, but the gamma band is less well characterized with respect to depression. We summarize some key findings on gamma rhythms (especially their amplitude) as a biomarker or endophenotype for major depression. These studies suggest: (1) under certain conditions gamma rhythms can distinguish subjects with major depression from healthy controls, (2) gamma may distinguish bipolar disorder from unipolar depression, (3) various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that counteract depression also alter gamma, (4) animal models of depression-like behavior show gamma abnormalities, with changes in gamma associated with therapeutic recovery. The most informative approaches in the future may combine profiles of gamma band power across the brain to assess ratios of activity across regions. Overall we have good evidence to suggest that gamma rhythms may provide objective information on major depressive disease status, but we will need further work to better define the precise measures to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5720, USA
| | - Brendon O Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5720, USA.
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195
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Prévôt TD, Viollet C, Epelbaum J, Dominguez G, Béracochéa D, Guillou JL. sst 2-receptor gene deletion exacerbates chronic stress-induced deficits: Consequences for emotional and cognitive ageing. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:390-400. [PMID: 29409919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether sst2 gene deletion interacts with age and chronic stress exposure to produce exacerbated emotional and cognitive ageing. Middle-aged (10-12 month) sst2 knockout (sst2KO) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) procedure for 6 weeks or no stress for control groups. This was followed by a battery of tests to assess emotional and cognitive functions and neuroendocrine status (CORT level). A re-evaluation was performed 6 months later (i.e. with 18-month-old mice). UCMS reproduced neuroendocrine and behavioral features of stress-related disorders such as elevated circulating CORT levels, physical deteriorations, increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and working memory impairments. sst2KO mice displayed behavioral alterations which were similar to stressed WT and exhibited exacerbated changes following UCMS exposure. The evaluations performed in the older mice showed significant long-term effects of UCMS exposure. Old sst2KO mice previously exposed to UCMS exhibited spatial learning and memory accuracy impairments and high levels of anxiety-like behaviors which drastically added to the effects of normal ageing. Spatial abilities and emotionality scores (mean z-scores) measured both at the UCMS outcome and 6 months later were correlated with the initially measured CORT levels in middle-age. The present findings indicate that the deletion of the sst2 receptor gene produces chronic hypercorticosteronemia and exacerbates sensitivity to stressors which over time, have consequences on ageing brain function processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Damien Prévôt
- Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France
| | - Cécile Viollet
- Inserm, UMR 894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- Inserm, UMR 894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; UMR 7179 CNRS MNHN - MECADEV, 91800 Brunoy, France
| | - Gaëlle Dominguez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France
| | - Daniel Béracochéa
- Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guillou
- Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France.
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196
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Sakimura K, Maekawa T, Sasagawa K, Ishii Y, Kume SI, Ohta T. Depression-related behavioural and neuroendocrine changes in the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:927-933. [PMID: 29757463 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases and is commonly comorbid with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the pathophysiology underlying the depressive state in DM remains poorly understood. Animal models are useful tools to investigate the association between depression and DM. In the present study we investigated whether the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, a novel animal model of type 2 DM, shows depression-related features. We assessed depression-like behaviour, hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Behaviour was evaluated using a forced swimming test, and the HPA axis was evaluated with changes in plasma corticosterone levels after a swimming stress exposure or dexamethasone challenge. In addition, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), noradrenaline, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and brain stem were measured. In the forced swimming test, SDT fatty rats exhibited increased duration of immobility compared with control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Moreover, basal corticosterone levels were significantly elevated in SDT fatty compared with control SD rats. However, there were no stress-induced increases or changes in dexamethasone-induced suppression of corticosterone in SDT fatty compared with control SD rats. Furthermore, there were significant changes in 5-HT concentrations in the prefrontal cortex, and in GABA and glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus in SDT fatty compared with controls. The results of the present study suggest that the SDT fatty rat may be an appropriate model for diabetes with comorbid depression associated with neurotransmitter impairments and aberrant basal HPA hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Sakimura
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maekawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sasagawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishii
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kume
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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197
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Li G, Stephen MR, Kodali R, Zahn NM, Poe MM, Tiruveedhula VVNPB, Huber AT, Schussman MK, Qualmann K, Panhans CM, Raddatz NJ, Baker DA, Prevot TD, Banasr M, Sibille E, Arnold LA, Cook JM. Synthesis of chiral GABA A receptor subtype selective ligands as potential agents to treat schizophrenia as well as depression. ARKIVOC 2018; 2018:158-182. [PMID: 32774192 PMCID: PMC7413308 DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p010.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel imidazobenzodiazepine analogs of the lead chiral ligand SH-053-2'F-S-CH3 (2), an α2/α3/α5 (Bz)GABA (A)ergic receptor subtype selective ligand, which reversed PCP-induced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle, were synthesized. These chiral (S)-CH3 ligands are targeted for the treatment of schizophrenia and depression. These new ligands were designed by modifying the liable ester functionality in 2 to improve the metabolic stability, cytotoxicity, and activity as compared to 2. Based on the data to date, the most promising ligands are the N-cyclopropyl amide GL-I-55 (8c) and the methyl bioisostere GL-I-65 (9a). The in vitro metabolic stability, cytotoxicity and in vivo locomotor effects are described in this report. Based on these results, 8c and 9a are the most promising for further in vivo pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Michael R Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Michael M Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - V V N Phani Babu Tiruveedhula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Alec T Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Melissa K Schussman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Krista Qualmann
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Cristina M Panhans
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Nicholas J Raddatz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - David A Baker
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Thomas D Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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198
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Ruiz-Reig N, Studer M. Rostro-Caudal and Caudo-Rostral Migrations in the Telencephalon: Going Forward or Backward? Front Neurosci 2017; 11:692. [PMID: 29311773 PMCID: PMC5742585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation and differentiation of an appropriate number of neurons, as well as its distribution in different parts of the brain, is crucial for the proper establishment, maintenance and plasticity of neural circuitries. Newborn neurons travel along the brain in a process known as neuronal migration, to finalize their correct position in the nervous system. Defects in neuronal migration produce abnormalities in the brain that can generate neurodevelopmental pathologies, such as autism, schizophrenia and intellectual disability. In this review, we present an overview of the developmental origin of the different telencephalic subdivisions and a description of migratory pathways taken by distinct neural populations traveling long distances before reaching their target position in the brain. In addition, we discuss some of the molecules implicated in the guidance of these migratory paths and transcription factors that contribute to the correct migration and integration of these neurons.
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199
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Banasr M, Lepack A, Fee C, Duric V, Maldonado-Aviles J, DiLeone R, Sibille E, Duman RS, Sanacora G. Characterization of GABAergic marker expression in the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression. CHRONIC STRESS 2017; 1. [PMID: 28835932 PMCID: PMC5565173 DOI: 10.1177/2470547017720459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence continues to build suggesting that the GABAergic neurotransmitter system is altered in brains of patients with major depressive disorder. However, there is little information available related to the extent of these changes or the potential mechanisms associated with these alterations. As stress is a well-established precipitant to depressive episodes, we sought to explore the impact of chronic stress on GABAergic interneurons. Using western blot analyses and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) we assessed the effects of five-weeks of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) exposure on the expression of GABA-synthesizing enzymes (GAD65 and GAD67), calcium-binding proteins (calbindin (CB), parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR)), and neuropeptides co-expressed in GABAergic neurons (somatostatin (SST), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) of rats. We also investigated the effects of corticosterone (CORT) and dexamethasone (DEX) exposure on these markers in vitro in primary cortical and hippocampal cultures. We found that CUS induced significant reductions of GAD67 protein levels in both the PFC and HPC of CUS-exposed rats, but did not detect changes in GAD65 protein expression. Similar protein expression changes were found in vitro in cortical neurons. In addition, our results provide clear evidence of reduced markers of interneuron population(s), namely SST and NPY, in the PFC, suggesting these cell types may be selectively vulnerable to chronic stress. Together, this work highlights that chronic stress induces regional and cell type-selective effects on GABAergic interneurons in rats. These findings provide additional supporting evidence that stress-induced GABA neuron dysfunction and cell vulnerability play critical roles in the pathophysiology of stress-related illnesses, including major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Banasr
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, and of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashley Lepack
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Corey Fee
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vanja Duric
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA
| | | | - Ralph DiLeone
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, and of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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