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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Santalla A, Díez-Bermejo J, Munguía-Izquierdo D, Alegre LM, Nogales-Gadea G, Arenas J, Martín MA, Lucía A, Ara I. Non-osteogenic muscle hypertrophy in children with McArdle disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1037-1042. [PMID: 29594644 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION McArdle disease is an inborn disorder of muscle glycogen metabolism that produces exercise intolerance, and has been recently associated with low values of lean mass (LM) and bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in affected adults. Here we aimed to study whether this bone health problem begins in childhood. METHODS Forty children and adolescents were evaluated: 10 McArdle disease and 30 control children (mean age of both groups, 13 ± 2y). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined in the patients as an estimate of muscle damage. RESULTS Legs bone mass was significantly lower in patients than in controls (-36% for BMC and -22% for BMD). Moreover, patients had significantly higher LM values in the legs than controls, whereas no difference was found for fat mass. CK levels were positively associated with LM in McArdle patients. A correlation was found between LM and BMD variables in the control group but not in McArdle patients. CONCLUSION We have identified a 'non-osteogenic muscle hypertrophy' in children with McArdle disease. This phenomenon warrants special attention since low osteogenesis at an early age predicts a high risk for osteoporosis later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Santalla
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sport and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Díez-Bermejo
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Munguía-Izquierdo
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sport and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - L M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - G Nogales-Gadea
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Rare Disorders (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Arenas
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Rare Disorders (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Rare Disorders (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Lucía
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- School of Research and Doctorate Studies, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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Agreement Between Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Quantitative Ultrasound to Evaluate Bone Health in Adolescents: The PRO-BONE Study. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2018; 30:466-473. [PMID: 29804497 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2017-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to investigate the association between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters and the intermethods agreement in active males. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, bone health (by DXA and calcaneal QUS), physical activity (by accelerometers), and anthropometrics measurements were assessed in 117 active adolescents (12-14 y old). Bivariate correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationships between DXA standard regions of interest and QUS parameters. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between bone mineral content regions derived from DXA and stiffness index. The measurements were z score transformed for comparison. RESULTS Most QUS parameters were positive and significantly correlated with DXA outcomes (stiffness index: r = .43-.52; broadband ultrasound attenuation: r = .50-.58; speed of sound: r = .25-.27) with the hip showing the highest correlations. Moreover, the present study found fair to good intraclass correlation coefficients of agreement (.60-.68) between DXA and QUS to assess bone health. The Bland-Altman analysis showed a limited percentage of outliers (3.2%-8.6%). CONCLUSION QUS device could represent an acceptable alternative method to assess bone health in active adolescent males.
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Witkowska-Sędek E, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Kucharska A, Demkow U, Pyrżak B. Association Between Vitamin D and Carboxy-Terminal Cross-Linked Telopeptide of Type I Collagen in Children During Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1047:53-60. [PMID: 28936809 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) play a crucial role in the regulation of bone turnover. Adequate vitamin D status supports proper bone remodeling, leading to normal longitudinal bone growth and normal peak bone mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in children and adolescents with growth hormone deficiency at baseline and during recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) replacement therapy. The study was prospective and included 30 children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. Concentrations of 25(OH)D, ICTP, and IGF-1 were measured at baseline and during the first year of rhGH therapy. Baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration correlated with ICTP concentrations during the first trimester of rhGH therapy (r = 0.38, p < 0.050); the correlation was stronger in the second trimester of therapy (r = 0.6, p = 0.002). We conclude that proper vitamin D status is important in reaching the adequate dynamics of bone remodeling during growth, which is essential to achieve a catch-up growth during rhGH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Witkowska-Sędek
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Żwirki and Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kucharska
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Żwirki and Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrżak
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Żwirki and Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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Vitamin D levels and fracture risk among Hispanic children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2018; 29:531-536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00590-018-2315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Espinosa R, Clark P, Denova-Gutiérrez E, de Los Ángeles Aguilera-Barreiro M, Flores M, Diez P, Jasqui S, Del Pilar De la Peña M, Cisneros-Dreinhofer F, Lavielle P, Mercado V. Prevention of low bone mass to achieve high bone density in Mexico: position of the Mexican Association for Bone and Mineral Metabolism. Arch Osteoporos 2018; 13:105. [PMID: 30306345 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-018-0520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In Mexico, osteoporosis is a public health problem. In this document, the Mexican Association for Bone and Mineral Metabolism defines its position on calcium, vitamin D supplement use, and physical activity as an effective, safe, and cost-effective initiatives to prevent low bone mass. INTRODUCTION In Mexico, osteoporosis is a public health problem that is expected to increase in the decades ahead. Generally, modifiable risk factors for bone health are related with lifestyles, especially nutrition and physical activity. METHODS In this position paper, the Mexican Association for Bone and Mineral Metabolism (AMMOM, by its acronym in Spanish), which is a multidisciplinary group of researchers, dietitians, epidemiologists, nurses, and physicians who study bone and related tissues and communicate the best strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone problems, aims to analyze the association between nutrition and bone health, risk behaviors for low bone mass, and the economic impact that prevention of low bone mass represents for the health care system. RESULTS Addressing therapeutic management with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, we emphasize the important role the patient plays in the doctor-patient relationship, both in the consulting room and in daily life. Furthermore, the AMMOM defines its position on calcium and vitamin D supplement use as an effective, safe, and cost-effective initiative to prevent low bone mass. CONCLUSIONS In summary, most research and clinical practice related to osteoporosis have focused on diagnosis and treatment, but general measures for primary prevention based on addressing modifiable risk factors as a public health priority to delay the onset of loss of bone mass have not been considered by Mexican authorities. Consequently, the AMMOM task force also seeks to provide information on concrete actions to prevent low bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Espinosa
- Departamento de Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Clark
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | | | - Mario Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Pilar Diez
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Sanatorio San José Satélite, Naucalpan, Mexico
| | - Salomón Jasqui
- Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Hospital Angeles de las Lomas, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Anáhuac, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pilar Lavielle
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiologia Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Mercado
- Clínica Integral de Menopausia, Centro Medico Dalinde, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Wang X, Wang S, Yan P, Bian Z, Li M, Hou C, Tian J, Zhu L. Paravertebral injection of botulinum toxin-A reduces lumbar vertebral bone quality. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2664-2670. [PMID: 29687610 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging has been associated with decreases in muscle strength and bone quality. In older patients, paravertebral muscle atrophy tends to coincide with vertebral osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a paravertebral injection of botulinum toxin-A (BTX) on paravertebral muscle atrophy and lumbar vertebral bone quality. Forty 16-week-old female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) a control group (CNT); (2) a resection of erector spinae muscles group (RESM); (3) a botulinum toxin-A group (BTX), treated with 5U BTX by local injection into the paravertebral muscles bilaterally; and (4) a positive control group (OVX), treated by bilateral ovariectomy. Rats were sacrificed at 12 weeks post-surgery, and the lumbar vertebrae (L3-L6) were collected. Micro-CT scans showed that rats in the three experimental groups-particularly the OVX rats-had fewer trabeculae and trabecular connections than rats in the CNT group. BMD was significantly lower in rats in the OVX, RESM, and BTX groups than in the CNT group (p < 0.01). Vertebral compression testing revealed significantly lower maximum load, energy absorption, maximum stress, and elastic modulus values in the three experimental groups compared with the CNT group (p < 0.01); these parameters were lowest in the OVX group (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that local BTX injection causes sufficient muscle atrophy and dysfunction to result in local lumbar vertebral bone loss and quality deterioration in a model of paravertebral muscle atrophy. Clinical Significance: The muscular tissues surrounding the lumbar vertebrae should be preserved during clinical surgery to avoid loss of bone quality and mass in the adjacent bone. Maintaining paravertebral muscle strength is an important consideration for patients with early osteoporosis. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2664-2670, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Bian
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Changju Hou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Tian
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Liulong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Combined mineral-supplemented diet and exercise increases bone mass and strength after eight weeks and maintains increases after eight weeks detraining in adult mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204470. [PMID: 30240447 PMCID: PMC6150513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has long-lasting benefits to bone mass and structural strength even after cessation. Combining exercise with a calcium- and phosphorus-supplemented diet increases cortical bone mineral content (BMC), area, and yield force more than exercise alone in adult mice. These increases could also be maintained after stopping exercise if the modified diet is maintained. It was hypothesized that combining exercise with a mineral-supplemented diet would lead to greater cortical BMC, area, and yield force immediately after a lengthy exercise program and after an equally long period of non-exercise (detraining) in adult mice. Male, 16-week old C57Bl/6 mice were assigned to 9 weight-matched groups–a baseline group, exercise and non-exercise groups fed a control or mineral-supplemented diet for 8 weeks, exercise + detraining and non-exercise groups fed a control or mineral-supplemented diet for 16 weeks. Exercise + detraining consisted of 8 weeks of exercise followed by 8 weeks without exercise. The daily exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill at 12 m/min, 30 min/day. After 8 weeks, mice fed the supplemented diet had greater tibial cortical BMC and area, trabecular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), bone mineral density (vBMD), yield force, and ultimate force than mice fed the control diet. Exercise increased cortical BMC and area only when coupled with the supplemented diet. After 16 weeks, both exercised and non-exercised mice fed the supplemented diet maintained greater tibial cortical BMC and area, trabecular BV/TV, vBMD, yield force, and ultimate force than mice fed the control diet. Combining exercise with a mineral-supplemented diet leads to greater bone mass and structural strength than exercise alone. These benefits remain after an equally long period of detraining. Long-term use of dietary mineral supplements may help increase and maintain bone mass with aging in adult mice.
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158
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Wierzbicka E, Swiercz A, Pludowski P, Jaworski M, Szalecki M. Skeletal Status, Body Composition, and Glycaemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8121634. [PMID: 30250851 PMCID: PMC6140037 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed bone turnover, osteoporosis, and increased fracture risk are late complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Little is known about how far and to what extent can glycaemic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) prevent disturbances of bone health and body composition during the growth and maturation period. OBJECTIVE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the skeletal status outcomes and body composition between patients stratified by glycaemic control (1-year HbA1c levels) into well- and poorly-controlled subgroups in a population of T1DM adolescents, that is, <8% and ≥8%, respectively. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Skeletal status and body composition were evaluated in 60 adolescents with T1DM (53.3% female; mean aged: 15.1 ± 1.9 years; disease duration: 5.1 ± 3.9 years) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE Prodigy). The results were compared to age- and sex-adjusted reference values for healthy controls. The calculated Z-scores of different metabolic control subgroups were compared. Clinical data was also assessed. RESULTS As evidenced by Z-scores, patients with T1DM revealed a significantly lower TBBMD (total body bone mineral density), TBBMC (total body bone mineral content), S24BMD (bone mineral density of lumbar spine L2-L4), and TBBMC/LBM ratio (total body bone mineral content/lean body mass), but higher FM (fat mass) and FM/LBM ratio (fat mass/lean body mass) values compared to an age- and sex-adjusted general population. The subset (43.3% patients) with poor metabolic control (HbA1c ≥ 8%) had lower TBBMD, TBBMC, and LBM compared to respective values noted in the HbA1c < 8% group, after adjusting for confounders (mean Z-scores: -0.74 vs. -0.10, p = 0.037; -0.67 vs. +0.01, p = 0.026; and -0.45 vs. +0.20, p = 0.043, respectively). Additionally, we found a significant difference in the TBBMC/LBM ratio (relative bone strength index) between the metabolic groups (-0.58 vs. -0.07; p = 0.021). A statistically significant negative correlation between 1-year HbA1c levels and Z-scores of TBBMD, TBBMC, and LBM was also observed. In patients with longer disease duration, a significant negative correlation was established only for TBBMD, after adjusting for confounders. The relationships between densitometric values and age at onset of T1DM and sex were not significant and showed no relation to any of the analysed parameters of the disease course. CONCLUSION Findings from this study of adolescents with T1DM indicate that the lower Z-scores of TBBMD, TBBMC, and LBM as well as the TBBMC/LBM ratio are associated with increased HbA1c levels. Their recognition can be crucial in directing strategies to optimise metabolic control and improve diabetes management for bone development and maintenance in adolescents with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Wierzbicka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Swiercz
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Pludowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology, and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology, and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Szalecki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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160
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Arazi H, Eghbali E. The relationship of maximal oxygen consumption to bone mineral density in Iranian young women. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23172. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences; University of Guilan; Rasht Iran
| | - Ehsan Eghbali
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences; University of Guilan; Rasht Iran
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161
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Progressive bone impairment with age and pubertal development in neurofibromatosis type I. Arch Osteoporos 2018; 13:93. [PMID: 30151698 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-018-0507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bone density impairment represents an established complication in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1, while few data exist in the pediatric population. Age- and gender-adjusted bone mass decreases with age and pubertal development, identifying childhood as the best time frame to introduce prevention strategies aiming at peak bone mass achievement. PURPOSE The present study aims at evaluating bone mineral density (BMD) in a population of children with neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1), with particular focus on changes occurring during growth and pubertal development. METHODS Bone metabolic markers and bone status [by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans (DXA) of the total body and lumbar spine with morphometric analysis] were assessed in 50 children (33 males; mean age ± SD, 11.6 ± 4 years). Bone mineral apparent density (BMAD), trabecular bone score (TBS), and bone strain (BS) of the lumbar spine (LS) DXA were also obtained. RESULTS In our cohort areal BMD (aBMD) Z-score was below the mean in 88% of the patients at LS (70% after correction for bone size) and in 86% considering total body (TB) DXA. However, aBMD Z-score was < - 2 in 12% after correction for bone size at LS and TB, respectively. Lumbar spine aBMD Z-score (r = - 0.54, P < 0.0001), LS BMAD Z-score (r = - 0.53, P < 0.0001), and TB Z-score (r = - 0.39, P = 0.005) showed a negative correlation with growth and pubertal development (P = 0.007, P = 0.02, P = 0.01, respectively), suggesting that patients failed to gain as much as expected for age. CONCLUSION Bone density impairment becomes more evident with growth and pubertal development in NF-1 patients, thus identifying childhood as the best time frame to introduce prevention strategies aiming at peak bone mass achievement. TBS and BS, providing bone DXA qualitative information, could be useful during longitudinal follow-up for better characterizing bone impairment in these patients.
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Zulfarina MS, Sharif R, Syarifah-Noratiqah SB, Sharkawi AM, Aqilah-SM ZSM, Mokhtar SA, Nazrun SA, Naina-Mohamed I. Modifiable factors associated with bone health in Malaysian adolescents utilising calcaneus quantitative ultrasound. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202321. [PMID: 30106982 PMCID: PMC6091955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximizing bone mineral accrual to attain an optimal peak bone mass (PBM), particularly during adolescence, appears to be an effective protective strategy in the prevention of osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of physical activity (PA), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), body mass index (BMI), calcium, or combination of vitamin D supplement intake, smoking and alcohol drinking status on bone health assessed by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in a healthy adolescent population. The participants comprised of 920 male and female secondary school adolescents aged 15–17 years old. Quantitative ultrasound measurements of the left heel were performed using Lunar Achilles EX II, which included results of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), and a calculated stiffness index (SI). Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that—PA was positively associated with all three QUS indices in both genders; BMI was positively associated with SI and SOS in females; LM was positively associated with BUA in both genders; and FM was negatively associated with SI in females. These variables accounted for 32.1%, 21.2% and 29.4% of females’ SOS, BUA and SI variances (p<0.001), respectively and 23.6%, 15.4% and 17.2% of males’ SOS, BUA and SI variances (p<0.001), respectively. Promoting health benefits from physical activity could influence bone status and consequently improve PBM, which is a potent protective determinant against osteoporosis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Zulfarina
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Nutritional Sciences Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed-Badrul Syarifah-Noratiqah
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad M. Sharkawi
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaris-SM Aqilah-SM
- Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sabarul-Afian Mokhtar
- Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shuid A. Nazrun
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina-Mohamed
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Influence of Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Obese Children with Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081075. [PMID: 30103535 PMCID: PMC6116035 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the associations of physical activity and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) with bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in children with overweight and obesity. A total of 177 (n = 80 girls) children with overweight and obesity aged 8 to 12 years old participated in the study. Both BMC and BMD were assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary patterns were assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and two 24-hour recalls. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 7 consecutive days (24 hours/day). Low adherence to the MDP was observed in 82.4% of participants. Higher physical activity levels (of at least moderate intensity) and lower sedentary time were significantly associated with BMC and BMD in children with low adherence to the MDP (all p < 0.05). No associations were observed between physical activity and BMC and BMD in children with high adherence to the MDP. In conclusion, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior might be particularly beneficial for improving bone health in overweight or obese children with poor adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
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164
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Abstract
Bone health is determined by the rate of accrual in early life, followed by the rate of age-associated bone loss. Dietary protein intake might have a role in bone health across both of these phases via pleiotropic mechanistic pathways. Herein we summarise the pathways through which protein may exert either a positive or negative influence on bone. In the introduction, we describe the acid-ash hypothesis, which states that a high-protein intake may lead to an acidic residue that must be neutralised through the leaching of calcium and other minerals from the bone, subsequently leading to demineralisation and bone weakening. Conversely, and as described in the 'Against: mechanisms through which protein may negatively impact bone' section, protein intake may act to strengthen the bone by stimulating the activity of various anabolic hormones and growth factors, or by optimising muscle mass and functionality, which itself has an osteogenic influence. The net effect of these contrasting pathways is described in the 'For: mechanisms through which protein may positively impact bone' section, where a number of meta-analyses have demonstrated that higher protein intakes have a small positive impact on bone mass and fracture risk. Sometimes higher than recommended protein intakes are advised, e.g. during the earlier and later phases of the lifespan or during reduced energy availability. We conclude that protein is an essential nutrient for bone health, although further research is required to clarify the mechanistic pathways through which it exerts its influence, along with the clarification of the quantities, food sources and timing to allow for the optimisation of this protective influence and ultimately a reduction in fracture risk.
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165
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Hetherington-Rauth M, Bea JW, Blew RM, Funk JL, Hingle MD, Lee VR, Roe DJ, Wheeler MD, Lohman TG, Going SB. Relative contributions of lean and fat mass to bone strength in young Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls. Bone 2018; 113:144-150. [PMID: 29800691 PMCID: PMC6008243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the high prevalence of childhood obesity, especially among Hispanic children, understanding how body weight and its components of lean and fat mass affect bone development is important, given that the amount of bone mineral accrued during childhood can determine osteoporosis risk later in life. The aim of this study was to assess the independent contributions of lean and fat mass on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), geometry, and strength in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing bones of Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls. METHODS Bone vBMD, geometry, and strength were assessed at the 20% distal femur, the 4% and 66% distal tibia, and the 66% distal radius of the non-dominant limb of 326, 9- to 12-year-old girls using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Total body lean and fat mass were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multiple linear regression was used to assess the independent relationships of fat and lean mass with pQCT bone measures while adjusting for relevant confounders. Potential interactions between ethnicity and both fat and lean mass were also tested. RESULTS Lean mass was a significant positive contributor to all bone outcomes (p < 0.05) with the exception of vBMD at diaphyseal sites. Fat mass was a significant contributor to bone strength at weight bearing sites, but did not significantly contribute to bone strength at the non-weight bearing radius and was negatively associated with radius cortical content and thickness. Bone measures did not significantly differ between Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls, although there was a significant interaction between ethnicity and fat mass with total bone area at the femur (p = 0.02) and 66% tibia (p = 0.005) as well as bone strength at the femur (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Lean mass is the main determinant of bone strength for appendicular skeletal sites. Fat mass contributes to bone strength in the weight-bearing skeleton but does not add to bone strength in non-weight-bearing locations and may potentially be detrimental. Bone vBMD, geometry, and strength did not differ between Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls; fat mass may be a stronger contributor to bone strength in weight-bearing bones of Hispanic girls compared to non-Hispanic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Robert M Blew
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Janet L Funk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Melanie D Hingle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Vinson R Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Denise J Roe
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Mark D Wheeler
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Timothy G Lohman
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Scott B Going
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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166
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Valente-Dos-Santos J, Tavares ÓM, Duarte JP, Sousa-E-Silva PM, Rama LM, Casanova JM, Fontes-Ribeiro CA, Marques EA, Courteix D, Ronque ERV, Cyrino ES, Conde J, Coelho-E-Silva MJ. Total and regional bone mineral and tissue composition in female adolescent athletes: comparison between volleyball players and swimmers. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:212. [PMID: 29970045 PMCID: PMC6031185 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exploring the osteogenic effect of different bone-loading sports is particular relevant to understand the interaction between skeletal muscle and bone health during growth. This study aimed to compare total and regional bone and soft-tissue composition between female adolescent swimmers (n=20, 15.71±0.93 years) and volleyball players (n=26, 16.20±0.77 years). Methods Dietary intake was obtained using food frequency questionnaires. Body size was given by stature, sitting height, and body mass. Six skinfolds were measured. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), lean soft tissue, and fat tissue were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships among variables, by type of sport. Comparisons between swimmers and volleyball players were performed using student t-tests for independent samples and multivariate analysis of covariance (controlling for age, training history and body size). Results Swimmers (BMC: 2328±338 g) and volleyball players (BMC: 2656±470 g) exceeded respectively by 2.1 and 2.8 standard deviation scores the average of international standards for whole body BMC of healthy adolescents. Years of training in swimmers were positively related to the upper limbs BMC (r=+0.49, p<0.05). In volleyball players, years of training correlated significantly with lower limbs BMD (r=+0.43, p<0.05). After adjustments for potential confounders, moderate differences (ES-r=0.32) between swimmers and volleyball players were noted in BMD at the lower limbs (volleyball players: +0.098 g∙cm-2, +7.8%). Conclusions Youth female athletes who participate in high-intensity weight-loading activities such as volleyball exhibit moderately higher levels of BMD at the lower limbs compared to non-loading sports such as swimming. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-018-1182-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Valente-Dos-Santos
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BPD/100470/2014), Lisbon, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Óscar M Tavares
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Health and Technology, Polytechnical Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João P Duarte
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/101083/2014), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo M Sousa-E-Silva
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís M Rama
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José M Casanova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Fontes-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisa A Marques
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,School of Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, Australian Catholic University, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory (GEPEMENE), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory (GEPEMENE), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jorge Conde
- School of Health and Technology, Polytechnical Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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167
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Osborn W, Simm P, Olds T, Lycett K, Mensah FK, Muller J, Fraysse F, Ismail N, Vlok J, Burgner D, Carlin JB, Edwards B, Dwyer T, Azzopardi P, Ranganathan S, Wake M. Bone health, activity and sedentariness at age 11-12 years: Cross-sectional Australian population-derived study. Bone 2018; 112:153-160. [PMID: 29674127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine cross-sectional associations of children's bone health (size, density, strength) with moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour by considering: (1) duration of activity, (2) fragmentation, and (3) duration/fragmentation combined. METHODS Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS 11-12 year-olds in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children's Child Health CheckPoint. Exposures: MVPA and sedentary behaviour (7-day accelerometry), yielding (1) daily average durations (min/day) and (2) fragmentations (the parameter alpha, representing the relationship between activity bout frequency and bout length). OUTCOMES Tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography (bone density, geometry, strength). ANALYSIS Multivariable regression models including activity durations and fragmentations separately and combined. RESULTS Of 1357 children attending the CheckPoint, 864 (64%) provided both bone and accelerometry data (mean age 11.4 years (standard deviation (SD) 0.5); 49% male). Mean daily MVPA and sedentary behaviour durations were 34.4 min/day (SD 28.3) and 667.9 min/day (SD 71.9) respectively for boys and girls combined. Each additional daily hour of MVPA was associated with small bone health benefits comprising greater periosteal and endosteal circumference (standardised effect sizes 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.40 and 0.21, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.39, respectively) and bone strength (0.26, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.38). Sedentary duration and fragmentation of either MVPA or sedentary behaviour showed little association with bone health. CONCLUSIONS In early adolescence, MVPA duration showed associations with better bone health that, while modest, could be of population-level importance. MVPA fragmentation and sedentary behaviour duration and fragmentation seemed less important.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Osborn
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Simm
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Olds
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kate Lycett
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona K Mensah
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Josh Muller
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Francois Fraysse
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Najmi Ismail
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Vlok
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John B Carlin
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Edwards
- ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford. Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Tasmania, Menzies Institute, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Peter Azzopardi
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Dept of Paediatrics and Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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168
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Rizk AA. Physical Fitness, Adiposity, and Diets as Surrogate Measures of Bone Health in Schoolchildren: A Biochemical and Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis. J Clin Densitom 2018; 21:406-419. [PMID: 29657025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between adiposity, muscular fitness (MF), diet, sun exposure, and physical activity profiles as surrogate measures with bone health status in a sample of schoolchildren aged 8-18 yr old. A total of 250 Egyptian schoolchildren aged 8-18 yr were randomly invited to participate in these cross-sectional survey analyses. Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (c-BUA), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone formation markers (total calcium, serum bone alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin) were measured as markers of bone health. Adiposity profile, MF, physical activity (PA), sun exposure, Ca, and vitamin D dietary intake as related cofactors of bone health were measured by using prevalidated questionnaires and standard analytical techniques. A total of 85% (n = 213) of the study population showed normal bone health and 14.8% (n = 37) had abnormal bone health; most of them are girls (67.6%) classified according to BMD and c-BUA Z-scores into osteopenia (9.6%) and osteoporosis (5.2%). Compared with boys, higher correlations between c-BUA, bone mineral content, and BMD measures in the femoral neck, lumbar spine, whole body, and bone markers were reported in girls with lower bone mass. There was a positive significant correlation between body mass index, adiposity, sun exposure, MF, PA status, Ca and vitamin D intake, and c-BUA and BMD score analyses. These parameters were shown to be associated with about ~57.3%-88.4% of bone health characteristics of children and adolescents with osteopenia and osteoporosis. In children and adolescents, sun exposure, Ca and vitamin D diets, adiposity, PA, and changes in the levels of Ca, osteocalcin, and serum bone alkaline phosphatase were shown to be associated with bone health. Also, a significant correlation was reported between c-BUA score, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-BMD measures, and bone markers at clinically important bone sites of girls and boys. However, further clinical trials should be studied to consider c-BUA and bone markers as the benchmark estimates of bone mass for diagnostic purposes in young ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashraf A Rizk
- Department of Health Science, College of Health Science and physical activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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169
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Evensen E, Skeie G, Wilsgaard T, Christoffersen T, Dennison E, Furberg AS, Grimnes G, Winther A, Emaus N. How Is Adolescent Bone Mass and Density Influenced by Early Life Body Size and Growth? The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures-A Longitudinal Cohort Study From Norway. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:268-280. [PMID: 30283908 PMCID: PMC6139726 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI) on adolescents’ bone parameters is not established. The aim of this longitudinal, population‐based study was to investigate the association of birth weight, childhood BMI, and growth, with adolescent bone mass and bone density in a sample of 633 adolescents (48% girls) from The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures. This population‐based cohort study was conducted in 2010–2011 and 2012–2013 in Tromsø, Norway. Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal BMD (aBMD) were measured at total hip (TH) and total body (TB) by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and converted to internal Z‐scores. Birth weight and childhood anthropometric measurements were retrospectively obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and childhood health records. Associations between birth weight, BMI, and growth were evaluated by fitting linear mixed models with repeated measures of BMC and aBMD at ages 15 to 17 and 18 to 20 years as the outcome. In crude analysis, a significant positive association (p < 0.05) with TB BMC was observed per 1 SD score increase in birth weight, observed in both sexes. Higher rate of length growth, conditioned on earlier size, from birth to age 2.5 years, and higher rate of weight gain from ages 6.0 to 16.5 years, conditioned on earlier size and concurrent height growth, revealed stronger associations with bone accrual at ages 15 to 20 years compared with other ages. Compared with being normal weight, overweight/obesity at age 16.5 years was associated with higher aBMD Z‐scores: β coefficient (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.78 (0.53, 1.03) and 1.08 (0.85, 1.31) in girls, 0.63 (0.42, 0.85) and 0.74 (0.54, 0.95) in boys at TH and TB, respectively. Similar associations were found for BMC. Being underweight was consistently negatively associated with bone parameters in adolescence. In conclusion, birth weight influences adolescent bone mass but less than later growth and BMI in childhood and adolescence. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Evensen
- Department of Clinical Research University Hospital of North Norway Tromsø Norway.,Department of Health and Care Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Clinical Research University Hospital of North Norway Tromsø Norway.,Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Tore Christoffersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway.,Finnmark Hospital Trust Alta Norway
| | - Elaine Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit Southampton UK.,Victoria University Wellington New Zealand
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control University Hospital of North Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Endocrinology Research Group Institute of Clinical Medicine UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine University Hospital of North Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Anne Winther
- Division of Neurosciences Orthopedics, and Rehabilitation Services University Hospital of North Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
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170
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Julián C, Huybrechts I, Gracia-Marco L, González-Gil EM, Gutiérrez Á, González-Gross M, Marcos A, Widhalm K, Kafatos A, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Moreno LA. Mediterranean diet, diet quality, and bone mineral content in adolescents: the HELENA study. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1329-1340. [PMID: 29508038 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary scores, rather than individual nutrients, allow exploring associations between overall diet and bone health. The aim of the present study was to assess the associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score for Adolescents (MDS-A) and the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) and bone mineral content (BMC) among Spanish adolescents. Our results do not support an association between dietary scores or indices and BMC in adolescents. INTRODUCTION To assess the associations between the MDS-A and a DQI-A with the BMC measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. METHODS The MDS-A and the DQI-A were calculated in 179 Spanish adolescents, based on two 24-h dietary recalls from the HELENA cross-sectional study. The associations between the diet scores and the BMC outcomes [total body less head (TBLH), femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS), and hip] were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusting for several confounders. RESULTS Four hundred ninety-two models were included and only fruits and nuts and cereal and roots were found to provide significant ORs with regard to BMC. The risk of having low BMC reduced by 32% (OR 0.684; CI 0.473-0.988) for FN when following the ideal MDS-A, but this association lost significance when adjusting for lean mass and physical activity. For every 1-point increase in the cereal and root and the fruit and nut components, the risk of having low FN diminished by 56% (OR 0.442; CI 0.216-0.901) and by 67% (OR 0.332; CI 0.146-0.755), respectively. CONCLUSION An overall dietary score or index is not associated with BMC in our adolescent Spanish sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Julián
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50007, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - I Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - L Gracia-Marco
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50007, Zaragoza, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E M González-Gil
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50007, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Á Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, ICTAN Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Widhalm
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kafatos
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - G Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50007, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50007, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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Analysis of Bone Mineral Density/Content of Paratroopers and Hoopsters. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2018:6030624. [PMID: 29887982 PMCID: PMC5985112 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The different mechanical stimulus affects the bone mass and bone strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of landing posture of the hoopster and paratrooper on the bone mass. In this study, 39 male participants were recruited including 13 paratroopers, 13 hoopsters, and 13 common students (control groups). Bone area (BA), BMD and BMC of calcaneus, and 1-5th of the metatarsus, hip, and lumbar spine (L1-L4) were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Also, the vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs) of hoopsters and paratroopers were measured by the landing of 1.2 m 3D force platform. BA of hoopsters at the calcaneus, lumbar spine, and hip were significantly higher than the control group. The lumbar spine, hip, calcaneus, the 1st and 2nd metatarsals, BMC of paratroopers, and control groups were significantly lower than hoopsters. BMD of the lumbar spine, hip, and right and left femoral necks in hoopsters were significantly higher than the other participants. BMC and BMD of lower limber showed no significant difference between paratroopers and the control group. Besides, peak GRFs of paratroopers (11.06 times of BW) were significantly higher than hoopsters (6.49 times of BW). The higher GRF in the landing train is not always in accordance with higher BMD and BMC. Variable loads in hoopsters can improve bone remodeling and play an important role in bone expansions for trabecular bones. This will be considered by the method of training to prevent bone loss.
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172
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Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Phillip M, Gat-Yablonski G. How Milk and Its Proteins Affect Growth, Bone Health, and Weight
. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 88:63-69. [PMID: 28253494 DOI: 10.1159/000456662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk has long been recognized to constitute a complete, well-balanced source of the nutrients and energy required to ensure the proper postnatal growth and development of infants. A growing body of evidence suggests the positive effects of dairy products and particularly of milk proteins on linear growth also in older children, both healthy or during recovery from malnutrition. This evidence led the way to the performance of extensive research aimed to delineate the components of milk and the mechanisms acting to make milk so effective. The present review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the influence of milk and its proteins on linear growth in healthy and malnourished children, focusing also on other important aspects of healthy growth, including bone health, weight status, and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Galia Gat-Yablonski
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
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173
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Baker BS, Reiser RF. Longitudinal Assessment of Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Competitive Cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2969-2976. [PMID: 28700517 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Baker, BS and Reiser II, RF. A longitudinal assessment of bone mineral density and body composition in competitive cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 2969-2976, 2017-Competitive cycling has been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD); however, BMD is a multifaceted issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate how age (18-49 years), sex, USA Cycling Category (elite-4), and racing type (road and multiple bikes), influenced body composition across a season in competitive cyclists. February marked the preseason, where 42 participants (22 males, 20 females) completed a health history and cycling questionnaire, 4-day dietary log and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and repeated the measures 180 ± 11 days later. Preseason BMD and Z-Scores were within healthy ranges and similar between sexes, age groups, competition levels and racing-type groups (p ≥ 0.053). Age was significantly correlated with whole group BMD (r = 0.309; p = 0.047). Postseason analysis revealed very encouraging findings as no significant changes in BMD or Z-Score were observed in any group (p ≥ 0.067). A significant main effect for time was found in all groups as lean mass (LM) decreased and fat mass increased across the season (p ≤ 0.001). Additional analysis showed a significant time × group interaction as cat. 1 riders decreased body mass and body mass index, whereas cat. 4 riders responded in the opposite direction (p ≤ 0.037). Postseason correlations highlighted significant positive relationships between BMD and age, LM, and Kcal ingested (r ≥ 0.309; p ≤ 0.047). The only significant negative correlate of BMD was percent body fat (r = -0.359; p = 0.020). Armed with this information, cyclists and coaches should aim to prioritize balance between body mass and caloric intake while meeting the demands of training to minimize risk of cycling related low bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne S Baker
- 1Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma; and 2Department of Health and Exercise Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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174
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Gilsanz V, Wren TAL, Ponrartana S, Mora S, Rosen CJ. Sexual Dimorphism and the Origins of Human Spinal Health. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:221-239. [PMID: 29385433 PMCID: PMC5888211 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations indicate that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of vertebral bodies is on average 10% smaller in healthy newborn girls than in newborn boys, a striking difference that increases during infancy and puberty and is greatest by the time of sexual and skeletal maturity. The smaller CSA of female vertebrae is associated with greater spinal flexibility and could represent the human adaptation to fetal load in bipedal posture. Unfortunately, it also imparts a mechanical disadvantage that increases stress within the vertebrae for all physical activities. This review summarizes the potential endocrine, genetic, and environmental determinants of vertebral cross-sectional growth and current knowledge of the association between the small female vertebrae and greater risk for a broad array of spinal conditions across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Gilsanz
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Tishya A L Wren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Skorn Ponrartana
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Stefano Mora
- Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074
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175
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Abstract
Fermented milk products like yogurt or soft cheese provide calcium, phosphorus, and protein. All these nutrients influence bone growth and bone loss. In addition, fermented milk products may contain prebiotics like inulin which may be added to yogurt, and provide probiotics which are capable of modifying intestinal calcium absorption and/or bone metabolism. On the other hand, yogurt consumption may ensure a more regular ingestion of milk products and higher compliance, because of various flavors and sweetness. Bone mass accrual, bone homeostasis, and attenuation of sex hormone deficiency-induced bone loss seem to benefit from calcium, protein, pre-, or probiotics ingestion, which may modify gut microbiota composition and metabolism. Fermented milk products might also represent a marker of lifestyle promoting healthy bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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176
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Rose AM, Williams RA, Rengers B, Kennel JA, Gunther C. Determining attitudinal and behavioral factors concerning milk and dairy intake and their association with calcium intake in college students. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:143-148. [PMID: 29629031 PMCID: PMC5886966 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Average intake of calcium among college students is below the recommended intake, and knowledge surrounding the attitudinal and behavioral factors that influence milk and dairy intake, a primary food source of calcium, is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate college students' attitudes and behaviors concerning milk and dairy consumption and their association with calcium intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants were 1,730 undergraduate students who completed an online survey (SurveyMonkey) as part of baseline data collection for a social marketing dairy campaign. The online survey assessed attitudes and behaviors concerning milk and dairy intake, and calcium intake. Questions about milk- and dairy-related attitudes and behaviors were grouped into 14 factors using factor analysis. Predictors of calcium intake were then evaluated. RESULTS Median calcium intake across all participants was 928.6 mg/day, with males consuming higher calcium intakes than females (P < 0.001). Adjusted for gender, calcium intakes were most strongly (and positively) correlated with associating milk with specific eating occasions and availability (i.e., storing calcium-rich foods in one's dorm or apartment) (both P < 0.001). Other correlates of calcium intake included: positive-viewing milk as healthy (P = 0.039), having family members who drink milk) (P = 0.039), and taking calcium supplements (P = 0.056); and negative-parent rules concerning milk (P = 0.031) and viewing milk in dining halls negatively (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Calcium intakes among college students enrolled in the current study was below the recommended dietary allowance of 1,000 mg/day, reinforcing the need for dietary interventions in this target population, especially females. Practitioners and researchers should consider the factors found here to impact calcium intake, particularly associating milk with specific eating occasions (e.g., milk with breakfast) and having calcium-rich foods available in the dorm room or apartment, as intervention strategies in future efforts aimed at promoting milk and dairy foods and beverages for improved calcium intake in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Rose
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Human Nutrition Program, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rachel A Williams
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Human Nutrition Program, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brooke Rengers
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Human Nutrition Program, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julie A Kennel
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Human Nutrition Program, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carolyn Gunther
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Human Nutrition Program, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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177
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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Santalla A, Díez-Bermejo J, Munguía-Izquierdo D, Alegre LM, Nogales-Gadea G, Arenas J, Martín MÁ, Lucía A, Ara I. A New Condition in McArdle Disease: Poor Bone Health-Benefits of an Active Lifestyle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:3-10. [PMID: 29251685 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION-PURPOSE McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) is a genetic condition associated with exercise intolerance, but how it affects lean mass (LM) and bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in patients is unknown. We compared these variables between McArdle patients and age-/sex-matched healthy controls and assessed their potential association with physical activity levels in patients. METHODS A case-control, cross-sectional design was used to examine LM, BMC, and BMD by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 136 young adults of both sexes (36 McArdle patients (33 ± 15 yr) and 103 controls (34 ± 11 yr)). Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS McArdle patients had significantly lower LM values in whole-body and regional sites compared with their corresponding controls, whereas no differences were found (except for the trunk) when physically active patients (n = 23) were compared with controls. All bone-related variables were significantly lower in patients than in controls (average difference of 13% for BMC and 7.6% for BMD). By contrast, no significant differences at the lumbar spine, pelvis, and femur sites were found between physically active patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS We report on a previously undescribed condition in McArdle patients, poor bone health, which warrants further attention because it can occur in relatively young adults. An active lifestyle can at least partly alleviate this disorder presumably because of its beneficial effect on LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Jorge Díez-Bermejo
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Diego Munguía-Izquierdo
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Joaquin Arenas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Miguel Ángel Martín
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Alejandro Lucía
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
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178
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Nutritional management of cow's milk allergy in children: An update. Arch Pediatr 2018; 25:236-243. [PMID: 29576253 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cow's milk is one of the most common foods responsible for allergic reactions in children. Cow's milk allergy (CMA) involves immunoglobulin E (IgE)- and non-IgE-mediated reactions, the latter being both variable and nonspecific. Guidelines thus emphasize the need for physicians to recognize the specific syndromes of CMA and to respect strict diagnostic modalities. Whatever the clinical pattern of CMA, the mainstay of treatment is the elimination from the diet of cow's milk proteins. The challenge is that both the disease and the elimination diet may result in insufficient height and weight gain and bone mineralization. If, during CMA, the mother is not able or willing to breastfeed, the child must be fed a formula adapted to CMA dietary management, during infancy and later, if the disease persists. This type of formula must be adequate in terms of allergic efficacy and nutritional safety. In older children, when CMA persists, the use of cow's milk baked or heated at a sufficient temperature, frequently tolerated by children with CMA, may help alleviate the stringency of the elimination diet. Guidance on the implementation of the elimination diet by qualified healthcare professionals is always necessary. This guidance should also include advice to ensure adequate bone growth, especially relating to calcium intake. Specific attention should be given to children presenting with several risk factors for weak bone mineral density, i.e., multiple food allergies, vitamin D deficiency, poor sun exposure, steroid use, or severe eczema. When CMA is outgrown, a prolonged elimination diet may negatively impact the quality of the diet over the long term.
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179
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Abstract
The relevance of dairy produce for the diminishment of osteoporotic risk is still a matter of scientific debate due to the outcome of a few single observational studies. This review will address the most robust point estimate on the role of dairy products, as reported in systematic reviews and meta-analyses on randomised controlled trials in the case of bone mineralisation or prospective studies in the case of fracture risk. Plain dairy products or those fortified with Ca and/or vitamin D improve total body bone mineral content (BMC) by 45-50 g over 1 year when the daily baseline Ca intake is lower than 750 mg in Caucasians and Chinese girls. In Caucasian and Chinese women, Ca from (fortified) dairy products increases bone mineral density (BMD) by 0·7-1·8 % over 2 years dependent on the site of measurement. Despite the results on BMC, there are currently no studies that have investigated the potential of dairy products to reduce fracture risk in children. In adult Caucasian women, daily intake of 200-250 ml of milk is associated with a reduction in fracture risk of 5 % or higher. In conclusion, the role of dairy products for BMC or BMD has been sufficiently established in Chinese and Caucasian girls and women. In Caucasian women, drinking milk also reduces fracture risk. More research on the role of dairy products within the context of bone health-promoting diets is needed in specific ethnicities, other than Chinese and Caucasians, and in men.
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180
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Jepsen DB, Ryg J, Jørgensen NR, Hansen S, Masud T. The combined effect of Parathyroid hormone (1-34) and whole-body Vibration exercise in the treatment of OSteoporosis (PaVOS)- study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:186. [PMID: 29548300 PMCID: PMC5857123 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PaVOS is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) which aims to address the use of whole-body vibration exercise (WBV) in combination with parathyroid hormone 1-34 fragment teriparatide (PTH 1-34) treatment in patients with osteoporosis. PTH 1-34 is an effective but expensive anabolic treatment for osteoporosis. WBV has been found to stimulate muscle and bone growth. Animal studies have shown a beneficial effect on bone when combining PTH 1-34 with mechanical loading. A combined treatment with PTH 1-34 and WBV may potentially have beneficial effects on bone and muscles, and reduce fracture risk. METHODS/DESIGN PaVOS is a multicenter, assessor-blinded, superiority, two-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT). Postmenopausal women (n = 40, aged 50 years and older) starting taking PTH 1-34 from outpatient clinics will be randomized and assigned to a PTH 1-34 + WBV-exercise group (intervention group), or a PTH 1-34-alone group (control group). The intervention group will undergo WBV three sessions a week (12 min each, including 1:1 ratio of exercise: rest, 30 Hz, 1 mm amplitude) for a 12-month intervention period. Both the intervention and the control group will receive PTH 1-34 treatment (20 μg s.c. daily) for 24 months. After 12 months the WBV group will be re-randomized to stop or continue WBV for an additional 12 months. The primary endpoint, bone mineral density (BMD), will be measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the total hip and the lumbar spine. Secondary endpoints, bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength, will be assessed using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) of the radius and tibia. Serum bone turnover markers (carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), amino-terminal propeptide of type-I collagen (P1NP), and sclerostin) and functional biomarkers (Timed Up and Go (TUG), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), grip strength, and leg extension power) will be measured to assess the effect on bone turnover, muscle strength, balance, and functionality. Quality of life (EQ-5D), physical activity (IPAQ) and fear of falling (FES-I) will be assessed by questionnaires. Data on adherence and falls incidence will be collected. DISCUSSION The PaVOS study will investigate the effects of WBV in combination with PTH 1-34 on bone parameters in postmenopausal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02563353 . Registered on 30 September 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Beck Jepsen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Ryg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,OPEN - Odense Patient data Explorative Network, The University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stinus Hansen
- Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tahir Masud
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust NHS, Nottingham, UK
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181
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Cossio-Bolaños M, Lee-Andruske C, de Arruda M, Luarte-Rocha C, Almonacid-Fierro A, Gómez-Campos R. Hand grip strength and maximum peak expiratory flow: determinants of bone mineral density of adolescent students. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:96. [PMID: 29499680 PMCID: PMC5834893 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining and building healthy bones during the lifetime requires a complicated interaction between a number of physiological and lifestyle factors. Our goal of this study was to analyze the association between hand grip strength and the maximum peak expiratory flow with bone mineral density and content in adolescent students. Methods The research team studied 1427 adolescent students of both sexes (750 males and 677 females) between the ages of 11.0 and 18.9 years in the Maule Region of Talca (Chile). Weight, standing height, sitting height, hand grip strength (HGS), and maximum peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. Furthermore, bone mineral density (BMD) and total body bone mineral content (BMC) were determined by using the Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Hand grip strength and PEF were categorized in tertiles (lowest, middle, and highest). Linear regression was performed in steps to analyze the relationship between the variables. Differences between categories were determined through ANOVA. Results In males, the hand grip strength explained 18–19% of the BMD and 20–23% of the BMC. For the females, the percentage of variation occurred between 12 and 13% of the BMD and 17–18% of the BMC. The variation of PEF for the males was observed as 33% of the BMD and 36% of the BMC. For the females, both the BMD and BMC showed a variation of 19%. The HGS and PEF were divided into three categories (lowest, middle, and highest). In both cases, significant differences occurred in bone density health between the three categories. Conclusions In conclusion, the HGS and the PEF related positively to the bone density health of both sexes of adolescent students. The adolescents with poor values for hand grip strength and expiratory flow showed reduced values of BMD and BMC for the total body. Furthermore, the PEF had a greater influence on bone density health with respect to the HGS of the adolescents of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cossio-Bolaños
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Cynthia Lee-Andruske
- Red Iberoamericana de Investigación en Desarrollo Biológico Humano, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Miguel de Arruda
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rossana Gómez-Campos
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. .,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Peru. .,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 5 Poniente, 1670, Talca, Chile.
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182
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Association between Bone Mineral Density of Femoral Neck and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Biological Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020234. [PMID: 29463015 PMCID: PMC5852810 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) induces rapid remission. However, osteoporosis and its management remains a problem. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) evaluates the risk of malnutrition-related complications in elderly patients and has been shown to be a significant predictor of many diseases. We evaluated the correlation between GNRI and RA activity. In addition, risk factors for femoral neck bone loss were evaluated in RA patients treated with bDMARDs. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 146 patients with RA, collecting and recording the patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Inverse correlations were observed between GNRI and disease duration, disease activity score-28 joint count serum C-reactive protein (CRP), simple disease activity index, modified health assessment questionnaire score and CRP. GNRI showed correlation with femoral neck BMD and femoral neck BMD ≤ 70% of young adult men (YAM). Multiple regression analysis showed that female sex, increased age and lower GNRI were risk factors for lower BMD of the femoral neck. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis showed that female sex (odd ratio: 3.67) and lower GNRI (odd ratio: 0.87) were risk factors for BMD ≤ 70% of YAM. Because the GNRI is a simple method, it might be a simple predictor for RA activity and BMD status in RA patients. Complementary nutritional therapies might improve RA activity and osteoporosis in RA patients who have undergone treatment with bDMARDs.
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183
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Winther A, Jørgensen L, Ahmed LA, Christoffersen T, Furberg AS, Grimnes G, Jorde R, Nilsen OA, Dennison E, Emaus N. Bone mineral density at the hip and its relation to fat mass and lean mass in adolescents: the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:21. [PMID: 29351755 PMCID: PMC5775543 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-1933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positive association between body weight and bone mass is well established, and the concept of body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and reduced fracture risk. BMI, that comprises both fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) may contribute to peak bone mass achievement in different ways. This study explored the influence of body composition in terms of total body LM and FM on hip aBMD-values in adolescence. Methods In 2010/2011, 93% of the region’s first-year upper-secondary school students (15–17 years old) in Tromsø, Norway attended the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. Areal BMD at femoral neck (aBMDFN) and total hip (aBMDTH) (g/cm2), total body LM and FM (g) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Height and weight were measured, and BMI calculated. Lifestyle variables were collected by self-administered questionnaires and interviews, including questions on time spent on leisure time physical activity. Stratified analyses of covariance and regression models included 395 girls and 363 boys. Crude results were adjusted for age, height, sexual maturation, physical activity levels, vitamin D levels, calcium intake, alcohol consumption and smoking habits. Results Unadjusted distribution indicated higher aBMD-levels at higher LM-levels in both genders (p < 0.001), but higher aBMD at higher FM-levels were found only in girls (p < 0.018). After multiple adjustments, aBMDFN-levels in girls were associated by 0.053 g/cm2 and 0.032 g/cm2 per standard deviation (SD) change in LM and FM (p < 0.001). Corresponding values in boys were 0.072 and 0.025 (p < 0.001). The high LM groups accounted for the highest aBMD-levels, while aBMD-levels at the LM/FM-combinations indicated different patterns in girls compared to boys. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for low levels of aBMDFN was 6.6 (3.4,13.0) in boys, compared to 2.8 (1.6,4.9) in girls per SD lower LM. Conclusions LM and FM should be regarded as strong predictors for bone mass and hence bone strength in adolescents. A gender specific difference indicated that high lean mass is of crucial importance prominently in boys. In adolescents with low lean mass, especially in girls, high fat mass may partially ameliorate the effect of deficient lean mass levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Winther
- Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Lone Jørgensen
- Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Luai Awad Ahmed
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tore Christoffersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Finnmark Hospital Trust, Alta, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rolf Jorde
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Nilsen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elaine Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, UK.,Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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184
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Tachi Y, Sakamoto Y, Iida K, Wang PL. Relation of Bone Mass to Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Lifestyle Factors in Japanese Female College Students. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Tachi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Tokyo Kasei University
| | - Yuri Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Tokyo Kasei University
| | - Kaoruko Iida
- Department of Nutrion and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University
| | - Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University
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185
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Ubago-Guisado E, Vlachopoulos D, Fatouros IG, Deli CK, Leontsini D, Moreno LA, Courteix D, Gracia-Marco L. Longitudinal determinants of 12-month changes on bone health in adolescent male athletes. Arch Osteoporos 2018; 13:106. [PMID: 30306385 PMCID: PMC6310711 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-018-0519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We identified the determinants of 12-month changes of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), hip geometry and trabecular bone score (TBS) in adolescent male athletes. Changes in region-specific lean mass and the type of sport are the most consistent determinants in this population. PURPOSE This study aims to identify the determinants of 12-month changes of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), hip geometry and trabecular bone score (TBS) in adolescent male athletes. METHODS The sample was 104 adolescent males aged 12-14 years at baseline that were followed over 12 months: 39 swimmers, 37 footballers (or soccer players) and 28 cyclists. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured aBMD at the whole body, lumbar spine and dual hip. Hip geometry estimates at the femoral neck were measured using hip structural analysis. Lumbar spine texture was measured by TBS. RESULTS Multivariate regression models significantly explained 38-60% of the variance in the aBMD changes, 36-62% in the hip geometry estimates changes and 45% in the TBS changes. Δregion-specific lean mass was the most consistent predictor of changes in aBMD outcomes (β = 0.591 to 0.696), followed by cycling participation (β = - 0.233 to - 0.262), swimming participation (β = - 0.315 to - 0.336) and ΔMVPA (β = 0.165). Cycling participation was the most consistent predictor of changes in hip geometry estimates (β = - 0.174 to - 0.268), followed by Δregion-specific lean mass (β = 0.587) and Δcardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.253). Finally, cycling and swimming participation (β = - 0.347 to - 0.453), Δregion-specific lean mass (β = 0.848) and Δstature (β = 0.720) were predictors of change in TBS. CONCLUSIONS Changes in region-specific lean mass and the type of sport are the most consistent determinants of 12-month changes in aBMD, hip geometry estimates and TBS in adolescent male athletes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN17982776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ubago-Guisado
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, 79 Heavitree Rd, Exeter, EX2 4TH, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, 79 Heavitree Rd, Exeter, EX2 4TH, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100, Komotini, Greece
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 421 00, Trikala, Greece
| | - Diamanda Leontsini
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100, Komotini, Greece
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 13, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Parade Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, 79 Heavitree Rd, Exeter, EX2 4TH, United Kingdom.
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 13, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain.
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186
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Wang X, Liu L, Li P, Ma J, Jiang R, Wang R, Li L, Guan H. Reference and Influential Factors of Serum Bone Markers in Chinese Adolescents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17340. [PMID: 29229962 PMCID: PMC5725428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish reference ranges of bone markers in Chinese adolescents between the age of 12 and 16, and to search these markers’ characteristics and influential factors. Personal information and fasting blood samples were collected from 174 healthy adolescents in Northeast China. Serum levels of PINP, ALP, β-CrossLaps, calcium, phosphate, PTH, 25(OH)D and TSH were measured. Reference ranges were established for PINP [(85.55–2,028.75)ng/ml], ALP [(53.88–463.63)U/L], β-CrossLaps [(0.16–1.19)ng/ml], calcium [(2.35–2.70)mmol/L], phosphate [(1.17–2.06)mmol/L] and PTH [(2.64–43.36)μg/L] in this population. We observed that bone formation markers PINP and ALP levels were evidently higher when compared to kit references for adults. Reference ranges for calcium, phosphate and PTH also differed from those provided by kit manuals. Serum ALP, PINP, phosphate and PTH changed with age (all P < 0.005), and were significantly higher in boys than in girls (all P < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D and TSH levels didn’t correlate with PINP, ALP and β-CrossLaps (all P > 0.05). In conclusion, unique reference ranges should be provided for adolescents. BMI, sex and age independently influence certain serum bone markers in adolescents. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread. Serum levels of vitamin D and TSH may not influence bone turnover markers in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lichao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | | | - Renee Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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187
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Ha AS, Ng JYY. Rope skipping increases bone mineral density at calcanei of pubertal girls in Hong Kong: A quasi-experimental investigation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189085. [PMID: 29220384 PMCID: PMC5722366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral accrual during puberty is important, especially in girls, because it is related to reduced risks of osteoporosis in adulthood. Previous research has shown that jumping or plyometric exercises may be effective in increasing bone mineral density in adolescents. Rope skipping is a form of activity that involves jumping, thus regular skipping may also increase bone mineral density in pubertal girls. To this end, we conducted a quasi-experimental to examine the effects of rope skipping on girls' bone mineral density and cardiovascular fitness. 176 Hong Kong girls (age = 12.23 ± 1.80 years at baseline) were recruited to take part in the study. Bone density at their forearms and calcanei were measured twice over two academic years (mean time between visits was 10.3 months). Using multilevel modeling analyses and adjusting for participants' height and physical activity, we found that girls who participated in weekly rope skipping activities, compared to those who did not, had higher levels of bone density at the calcanei (B = 0.023, p < .01). However, no differences were found for bone density at forearms or participants' cardiovascular fitness. The rates of change of these variables across time were also not significantly different. Results suggest that regular rope skipping may increase girls' bone density at the lower extremities, irrespective of the amount of self-report physical activity. However, further research is required to examine the potential dose-response relation between skipping behaviors and the measured outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Ha
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
| | - Johan Y. Y. Ng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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188
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Jung DW, Park JH, Kim DH, Choi M, Kim S, Kim H, Seul DE, Park SG, Jung JH, Han K, Park YG. Association between serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels and bone health in Korean adolescents: A nationwide population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9403. [PMID: 29390554 PMCID: PMC5758256 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to identify risk factors for low bone mass at a young age. An influence of iron store on bone health in the general population has been reported but has not been studied in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels and bone mineral content (BMC) in South Korean adolescents.This study was based on data collected during the 2009to 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We included 1321 participants aged 10 to 18 years. BMC was measured at the femur and lumbar spine using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were examined.In boys, hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were positively associated with BMC of the total femur and lumbar spine after adjusting for confounders, and hemoglobin levels significantly increased as BMC increased at all sites (P for trend = .001 for total femur, .01 for femur neck, and <.001 for lumbar spine). Likewise, serum ferritin levels showed increasing trends according to increasing BMC of the total femur and lumbar spine in boys (P for trend = .04 for total femur; and <.001 for lumbar spine). However, these associations were not observed in girls.This study suggests a positive relationship between serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels and BMC in South Korean adolescent boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Joo-Hyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Moonyoung Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Shinhye Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Hyonchong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Da-eun Seul
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Soo Gyeong Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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189
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Christoffersen T, Ahmed LA, Daltveit AK, Dennison EM, Evensen EK, Furberg AS, Gracia-Marco L, Grimnes G, Nilsen OA, Schei B, Tell GS, Vlachopoulos D, Winther A, Emaus N. The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence: The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:54. [PMID: 28577285 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-017-0348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral parameters in adolescence is unclear. We found a positive association between birth size and bone mineral content, attenuated by lifestyle factors. This highlights the impact of environmental stimuli and lifestyle during growth. PURPOSE The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content later in life is unclear, especially in adolescence. This study evaluated the impact of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content among adolescents. METHODS We included 961 participants from the population-based Fit Futures study (2010-2011). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH) and total body (TB). BMD and BMC measures were linked with birth weight and length ascertained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Linear regression models were used to investigate the influence of birth parameters on BMD and BMC. RESULTS Birth weight was positively associated with BMD-TB and BMC at all sites among girls; standardized β coefficients [95% CI] were 0.11 [0.01, 0.20] for BMD-TB and 0.15 [0.06, 0.24], 0.18 [0.09, 0.28] and 0.29 [0.20, 0.38] for BMC-FN, TH and TB, respectively. In boys, birth weight was positively associated with BMC at all sites with estimates of 0.10 [0.01, 0.19], 0.12 [0.03, 0.21] and 0.15 [0.07, 0.24] for FN, TH and TB, respectively. Corresponding analyses using birth length as exposure gave significantly positive associations with BMC at all sites in both sexes. The significant positive association between birth weight and BMC-TB in girls, and birth length and BMC-TB in boys remained after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS We found a positive association between birth size and BMC in adolescence. However, this association was attenuated after adjustment for weight, height and physical activity during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Christoffersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
- Finnmark Hospital Trust, Alta, Norway.
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anne Kjersti Daltveit
- Domain for Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elin K Evensen
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole-Andreas Nilsen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Domain for Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anne Winther
- Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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190
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Ren. J, Brann. LS, Bruening. KS, Scerpella. TA, Dowthwaite. JN. Relationships among diet, physical activity, and dual plane dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone outcomes in pre-pubertalgirls. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:19. [PMID: 28197890 PMCID: PMC6376963 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-017-0312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In pre-pubertal girls, nutrient intakes and non-aquatic organized activity were evaluated as factors in vertebral body bone mass, structure, and strength. Activity, vitamin B12, and dietary fiber predicted bone outcomes most consistently. Exercise and vitamin B12 appear beneficial, whereas high fiber intake appears to be adverse for vertebral body development. PURPOSE Childhood development sets the baseline for adult fracture risk. Most studies evaluate development using postero-anterior (PA) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) areal bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone mineral apparent density. In a prior analysis, we demonstrated that PA DXA reflects posterior element properties, rather than vertebral body fracture sites, such that loading is associated with subtle differences in vertebral body geometry, not 3D density. The current analysis is restricted to pre-pubertal girls, for a focused exploration of key nutrient intakes and physical activity as factors in dual plane indices of vertebral body geometry, density, and strength. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used paired PA and supine lateral (LAT) lumbar spine DXA scans to assess "3D" vertebral body bone mineral apparent density (PALATBMAD), "3D" index of structural strength in axial compression (PALATIBS), and fracture risk index (PALATFRI). Diet data were collected using the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ, 1995); organized physical activity was recorded via calendar-based form. Pearson correlations and backward stepwise multiple linear regression analyzed associations among key nutrients, physical activity, and bone outcomes. RESULTS After accounting for activity and key covariates, fiber, unsupplemented vitamin B12, zinc, carbohydrate, vitamin C, unsupplemented magnesium, and unsupplemented calcium intake explained significant variance for one or more bone outcomes (p < 0.05). After adjustment for influential key nutrients and covariates, activity exposure was associated with postero-anterior (PA) areal bone mineral density, PA bone mineral content, PA width, lateral (LAT) BMC, "3D" bone cross-sectional area (coronal plane), "3D" PALATIBS, and PALATFRI benefits (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity, fiber intake, and unsupplemented B12 intake appear to influence vertebral body bone mass, density, geometry, and strength in well-nourished pre-pubertal girls; high fiber intakes may adversely affect childhood vertebral body growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren.
- Nutrition Science and Dietetics Program. Syracuse University. Address: 1645 Belleville Way #B, Sunnyvale, CA. 94087. Telephone number: (804)-432-2582.
| | - Lynn S. Brann.
- Nutrition Science and Dietetics Program. Syracuse University. Address: 550L White Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244. Telephone number: (315) 443-4805. Fax number: 315-443-9807
| | - Kay S. Bruening.
- Nutrition Science and Dietetics Program. Syracuse University. Address: 550L White Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244. Telephone number: (315) 443-9326. Fax number: 315-443-9807
| | - Tamara A. Scerpella.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Address: 1685 Highland Ave., 6 floor, Madison, WI 53705. Telephone number: (608) 263-5636.
| | - Jodi N. Dowthwaite.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University. Address: 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210. Telephone number: (315) 464-9981. Fax number: (315) 464-6638.
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191
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James CR, Atkins LT, Yang HS, Dufek JS, Bates BT. Prediction of calcaneal bone competence from biomechanical accommodation variables measured during weighted walking. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 56:37-45. [PMID: 29096182 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carrying weight while walking is a common activity associated with increased musculoskeletal loading, but not all individuals accommodate to the weight in the same way. Different accommodation strategies could lead to different skeletal forces, stimuli for bone adaptation and ultimately bone competence. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationships between calcaneal bone competence and biomechanical accommodation variables measured during weighted walking. Twenty healthy men and women (10 each; age 27.8 ± 6.8 years) walked on a treadmill at 1.34 m/s while carrying 0, 44.5 and 89 N weights with two hands in front of the body. Peak vertical ground reaction force and sagittal plane angular displacements of the trunk and left lower extremity during weight acceptance were measured and used to quantify accommodation. Calcaneal bone stiffness index T-score (BST) was measured using quantitative ultrasound. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used to predict calcaneal BST from the accommodation variables. Accommodations of the foot and ankle explained 29 and 54% (p ≤ .015) of the variance in calcaneal BST in different regression models. Statistical resampling using 1000 replications confirmed the strength and consistency of relationships, with the best model explaining 94% of the variance in calcaneal BST. Individuals who change foot and ankle function when carrying heavier weight likely alter the control of gravitational and muscular forces, thereby affecting calcaneal loading, bone adaptation and bone competence. These novel findings illustrate the importance of gait accommodation strategies and highlight a potential clinical consequence that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roger James
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Lee T Atkins
- Department of Physical Therapy, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA.
| | - Hyung Suk Yang
- Division of Kinesiology and Sport Management, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | - Janet S Dufek
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Barry T Bates
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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Impact of Martial Arts (Judo, Karate, and Kung Fu) on Bone Mineral Density Gains in Adolescents of Both Genders: 9-Month Follow-Up. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2017; 29:496-503. [PMID: 28714773 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare bone mineral density (BMD) gains in adolescents of both genders stratified according to different martial art styles in a 9-month follow-up study. METHODS The longitudinal study consisted of 29 adolescents of both genders and age between 11 and 17 years stratified into a control group (not engaged in any sport) and 50 fighters (kung fu/karate, n = 29; judo, n = 21). All 79 subjects underwent anthropometric measures (weight, height, leg length, and height set) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (BMD, in g/cm2) at 2 moments, baseline and 9 months later. Maturity offset (age at peak height velocity), lean soft tissue, chronological age, and resistance training were treated as covariates. RESULTS Male judoists presented higher gains in BMD-spine [0.098 g/cm2 (95% confidence interval, 0.068-0.128)] than control group [0.040 g/cm2 (95% confidence interval, 0.011-0.069)] (post hoc test with P = .030). There was no effect of martial art on BMD gains among girls. Independently of gender, in all multivariate models, lean soft tissue constituted the most relevant covariate. CONCLUSIONS Judo practice in adolescents affected the bone accrual significantly after 9-month follow-up compared with controls, mainly in boys.
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193
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Bone Turnover Markers and Lean Mass in Pubescent Boys: Comparison Between Elite Soccer Players and Controls. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2017; 29:513-519. [PMID: 28872422 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2017-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between bone mass and bone turnover markers with lean mass (LM) in pubescent soccer players. Two groups participated in this study, which included 65 elite young soccer players who trained for 6-8 hours per week and 60 controls. Bone mineral density; bone mineral content in the whole body, lower limbs, lumbar spine, and femoral neck; biochemical markers of osteocalcin; bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; C-telopeptide type I collagen; and total LM were assessed. Young soccer players showed higher bone mineral density and bone mineral content in the whole body and weight-bearing sites (P < .001). Indeed, the total LM correlated with whole-body bone mineral density and bone mineral content (P < .001). There were significant differences within the bone formation markers and osteocalcin (formation)/C-telopeptide type I collagen (resorption) ratio between young soccer players compared with the control group, but no significant difference in C-telopeptide type I collagen was observed between the 2 groups. This study showed a significant positive correlation among bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and total LM (r = .29; r = .31; P < .05) only for the young soccer players. Findings of this study highlight the importance of soccer practice for bone mineral parameters and bone turnover markers during the puberty stage.
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194
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Morphological and Microstructural Alterations of the Articular Cartilage and Bones during Treadmill Exercises with Different Additional Weight-Bearing Levels. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:8696921. [PMID: 29065659 PMCID: PMC5525086 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8696921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and microstructural alterations of the articular cartilage and bones during treadmill exercises with different exercise intensities. Sixty 5-week-old female rats were randomly divided into 10 groups: five additional weight-bearing groups (WBx) and five additional weight-bearing with treadmill exercise groups (EBx), which were subjected to additional weight bearing of x% (x = 0, 5, 12, 19, and 26) of the corresponding body weight of each rat for 15 min/day. After 8 weeks of experiment, the rats were humanely sacrificed and their bilateral intact knee joints were harvested. Morphological analysis of the cartilages and microcomputed tomography evaluation of bones were subsequently performed. Results showed that increased additional weight bearing may lead to cartilage damage. No significant difference was observed among the subchondral cortical thicknesses of the groups. The microstructure of subchondral trabecular bone of 12% and 19% additional weight-bearing groups was significantly improved; however, the WB26 and EB26 groups showed low bone mineral density and bone volume fraction as well as high structure model index. In conclusion, effects of treadmill exercise on joints may be associated with different additional weight-bearing levels, and exercise intensities during joint growth and maturation should be selected reasonably.
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195
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Mahfouda S, Moore JK, Siafarikas A, Zepf FD, Lin A. Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:816-826. [PMID: 28546095 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The World Professional Association for Transgender Health's standards of care recommend suspending puberty, preferably with the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, in certain gender non-conforming minors (aged under 18 years) who have undergone a psychiatric assessment and have reached at least Tanner stage II of puberty. This approach seeks to lessen the discordance between assigned natal sex and gender identity by temporarily halting the development of secondary sexual characteristics, essentially widening the temporal window for gender clarification. Despite promising preliminary evidence on the clinical utility of this approach, there is a dearth of research to inform evidence-based practice. In view of these challenges, we review the available empirical evidence on the cognitive, physical, and surgical implications of puberty suppression in gender-incongruent children and adolescents. We also explore the historical underpinnings and clinical impetus for suspending puberty in this population, and propose key research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mahfouda
- Centre and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julia K Moore
- Centre and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Gender Diversity Service, Acute Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Florian D Zepf
- Centre and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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196
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Rose AM, Williams RA, Hanks AS, Kennel JA, Gunther C. Milk Vending Does Not Improve College Students’ Milk and Calcium Intakes. Health Promot Pract 2017; 19:295-302. [DOI: 10.1177/1524839917717227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, overall diet quality decreases, including a reduction in both dairy and calcium consumption. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the impact of milk vending on milk and calcium intakes in college students. Participants were 124 college students living in dorms at a large public university (Fall 2012). Milk vending machines were installed in two campus dorms. Before and 2 months after installation, students were surveyed about milk and calcium intakes, as well as attitudes regarding milk vending. Sales data for the newly installed machines were also collected between the pre- and posttest surveys. Students reported similar milk and calcium consumption before and after the intervention. Mean calcium intakes were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for students in either life stage group (18 years old or 19 years and older). Milk vending sales data showed that during the study period, approximately nine bottles of milk were bought each day from the two dorms combined. Results from this study suggest that milk vending alone may not be an effective strategy for preventing the commonly observed decrease in milk and calcium intakes among college students.
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197
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoporosis is an under-recognized complication of chronic illness in childhood. This review will summarize recent literature addressing the risk factors, evaluation, and treatment for early bone fragility. RECENT FINDINGS Criteria for the diagnosis of pediatric osteoporosis include the presence of low trauma vertebral fractures alone or the combination of low bone mineral density and several long bone fractures. Monitoring for bone health may include screening for vertebral fractures that are common but often asymptomatic. Pharmacologic agents should be offered to those with fragility fractures especially when spontaneous recovery is unlikely. Controversies persist about the optimal bisphosphonate agent, dose, and duration. Newer osteoporosis drugs have not yet been adequately tested in pediatrics, though clinical trials are underway. The prevalence of osteoporosis is increased in children with chronic illness. To reduce the frequency of fragility fractures requires increased attention to risk factors, early intervention, and additional research to optimize therapy and potentially prevent their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Grover
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Room H314, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Laura K Bachrach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Room H314, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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198
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Gómez-Campos R, Andruske CL, Arruda MD, Urra Albornoz C, Cossio-Bolaños M. Proposed equations and reference values for calculating bone health in children and adolescent based on age and sex. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181918. [PMID: 28759569 PMCID: PMC5536292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for measuring BMD and bone mineral content (BMC). In general, DXA is ideal for pediatric use. However, the development of specific standards for particular geographic regions limits its use and application for certain socio-cultural contexts. Additionally, the anthropometry may be a low cost and easy to use alternative method in epidemiological contexts. The goal of our study was to develop regression equations for predicting bone health of children and adolescents based on anthropometric indicators to propose reference values based on age and sex. Methods 3020 students (1567 males and 1453 females) ranging in ages 4.0 to 18.9 were studied from the Maule Region (Chile). Anthropometric variables evaluated included: weight, standing height, sitting height, forearm length, and femur diameter. A total body scan (without the head) was conducted by means of the Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Bone mineral density (BMD) and the bone mineral content (BMC) were also determined. Calcium consumption was controlled for by recording the intake of the three last days prior to the evaluation. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated, and somatic maturation was determined by using the years of peak growth rate (APHV). Results Four regression models were generated to calculate bone health: for males BMD = (R2 = 0.79) and BMC = (R2 = 0.84) and for the females BMD = (R2 = 0.76) and BMC = (R2 = 0.83). Percentiles were developed by using the LMS method (p3, p5, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p95 and p97). Conclusions Regression equations and reference curves were developed to assess the bone health of Chilean children and adolescents. These instruments help identify children with potential underlying problems in bone mineralization during the growth stage and biological maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Gómez-Campos
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Cynthia Lee Andruske
- Escuela de Pedagogías en Inglés, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Talca (Campus Linares), Talca, Chile
- Research Network on Human Biological Development, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Miguel de Arruda
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camilo Urra Albornoz
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
| | - Marco Cossio-Bolaños
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
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199
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Sontam DM, Vickers MH, Firth EC, O'Sullivan JM. A Memory of Early Life Physical Activity Is Retained in Bone Marrow of Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2017; 8:476. [PMID: 28736532 PMCID: PMC5500658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported opposing effects of high-fat (HF) diet and mechanical stimulation on lineage commitment of the bone marrow stem cells. Yet, how bone marrow modulates its gene expression in response to the combined effects of mechanical loading and a HF diet has not been addressed. We investigated whether early-life (before onset of sexual maturity at 6 weeks of age) voluntary physical activity can modulate the effects of a HF diet on male Sprague Dawley rats. In the bone marrow, early-life HF diet resulted in adipocyte hypertrophy and a pro-inflammatory and pro-adipogenic gene expression profile. The bone marrow of the rats that undertook wheel exercise while on a HF diet retained a memory of the early-life exercise. This memory lasted at least 60 days after the cessation of the voluntary exercise. Our results are consistent with the marrow adipose tissue having a unique response to HF feeding in the presence or absence of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani M Sontam
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Elwyn C Firth
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
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Curneen JMG, Casey M, Laird E. The relationship between protein quantity, BMD and fractures in older adults. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 187:111-121. [PMID: 28674746 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, no large-scale literature reviews have focussed on the relationship between dietary protein and its impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk-as measures of bone health-in older adults and its potential impact as a primary prevention tool. AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the impact of varying dietary protein levels on bone health. METHODS A literature review of trials concerning older adults' (>50 years of age) and animals' varying protein intake in the diet and its effect on BMD (human and animal) and fracture risk (human only) was carried out. Additionally, a review of dietary assessment tools used in these studies was also analysed. RESULTS Ten out of fourteen trials assessing BMD and dietary protein quantity in humans and 3/4 in animal trials found a positive relationship between these two parameters. Four out of seven trials investigating the relationship between dietary protein quantity and fracture risk displayed a positive, protective effect of dietary protein levels on fracture risk. Sixty-two percent of studies used the Food-Frequency Questionnaire assessment method. DISCUSSION Increased protein intake in the diet is beneficial to bone health and reduces morbidity and mortality. The importance of using dietary protein, along with calcium and vitamin D, as a primary preventative strategy should be stressed, given the health and cost benefits that this would deliver, with a possible need for a higher level of protein in the diet of an elderly person than what is currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M G Curneen
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, County Dublin, Ireland.
| | - M Casey
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, St James' Hospital, James' Street, Dublin 8, County Dublin, Ireland.
| | - E Laird
- Trinity College School of Biochemistry and Immunology, St James' Hospital, James' Street, Dublin 8, County Dublin, Ireland
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