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de-Almeida SCX, da-Silva ÂCF, Sousa NRT, Amorim IHF, Leite BG, Neves KRT, Costa JGM, Felipe CFB, de-Barros Viana GS. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of a triterpene-rich fraction from Himatanthus drasticus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e7798. [PMID: 31116311 PMCID: PMC6526755 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20197798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel belongs to the Apocynaceae family and the latex from its trunk bark (Hd) is known as “janaguba milk”. This latex is widely used in Northeast Brazil, mainly in the Cariri region, for its gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. The objective of this study was to investigate a triterpene-rich fraction (FJNB) from H. drasticus latex on acute models of nociception and inflammation and to clarify its mechanisms of action. Wistar rats or Swiss mice were subjected to the carrageenan-induced paw edema test or the formalin test, respectively, after the acute oral treatment with FJNB. The inflamed paws from the carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin tests were processed for histological and immunohistochemical assays, respectively. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and considered significant at P<0.05. FJNB (10 mg/kg) decreased the paw edema by 25% at the 3rd h after the carrageenan injection. Indomethacin, used as reference, inhibited the paw edema by 59% at the same time-point. In the formalin test, FJNB inhibited the 1st phase by 27, 49, and 52% and the 2nd phase by 37, 50, and 67%, at the doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, FJNB significantly inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression and the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB) were also inhibited at the same doses. In conclusion, the FJNB inhibitory actions on iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, HDAC, and NF-kB could be involved with the drug anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C X de-Almeida
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - Â C F da-Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - N R T Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - I H F Amorim
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - B G Leite
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - K R T Neves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J G M Costa
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - C F B Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - G S de-Barros Viana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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152
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Khatal L, More H. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of Lupeol in plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1121:58-65. [PMID: 31108322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lupeol, a phytosterol and triterpene, possesses numerous medicinal properties against cancer, inflammation, arthritis, diabetes, heart diseases, etc. A novel, sensitive, specific and reproducible method for quantification of Lupeol in rat plasma using liquid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated as per regulatory guidelines. Sample preparation was simple and fast which consisted of one-step protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Testosterone was used as an internal standard. HyPurity Advance column was used to develop the chromatography method using 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phases by gradient elution. APCI positive ion mode was used for mass spectrometric detection. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of m/z 409.5 [M + H - H2O]+→137.3 for Lupeol and m/z 289.1 [M + H]+→97.1 for Testosterone were used for quantification. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 5-5000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r2) of ≥ 0.99. This method showed acceptable accuracy (89.52-97.10%), precision (%CV ≤ 10.75%) and recovery with a negligible matrix effect. Lupeol was found to be stable in the stock solution, autosampler condition and also in plasma for four freeze-thaw cycles, 6 h at ambient temperature and 30 days at -20°C. This method was successfully applied to measurement of Lupeol in plasma samples from pharmacokinetic study in rats and can be easily extended to human pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Khatal
- Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Near Chitranagri, Kolhapur 416013, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Harinath More
- Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Near Chitranagri, Kolhapur 416013, Maharashtra, India
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153
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Sánchez-Crisóstomo I, Fernández-Martínez E, Cariño-Cortés R, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Bobadilla-Lugo RA. Phytosterols and Triterpenoids for Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic-related Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:197-214. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190219122357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Liver ailments are among the leading causes of death; they originate from viral
infections, chronic alcoholism, and autoimmune illnesses, which may chronically be precursors of
cirrhosis; furthermore, metabolic syndrome may worsen those hepatopathies or cause Non-alcoholic
Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) that may advance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cirrhosis is
the late-stage liver disease and can proceed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pharmacological
treatment options for liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC, are limited, expensive, and not wholly effective.
The use of medicinal herbs and functional foods is growing around the world as natural resources
of bioactive compounds that would set the basis for the development of new drugs.
Review and Conclusion:
Plant and food-derived sterols and triterpenoids (TTP) possess antioxidant,
metabolic-regulating, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as they are recognized
as anticancer agents, suggesting their application strongly as an alternative therapy in some
chronic diseases. Thus, it is interesting to review current reports about them as hepatoprotective agents,
but also because they structurally resemble cholesterol, sexual hormones, corticosteroids and bile acids
due to the presence of the steroid nucleus, so they all can share pharmacological properties through activating
nuclear and membrane receptors. Therefore, sterols and TTP appear as a feasible option for the
prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic-related liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sánchez-Crisóstomo
- Center for Research on Reproductive Biology, School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo's State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Martínez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo's State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cariño-Cortés
- Center for Research on Reproductive Biology, School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo's State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo's State, Pachuca, Mexico
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154
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Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles using Ageratum conyzoides extracts, their antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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155
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Zhang J, Liang H, Yao H, Qiu Z, Chen X, Hu X, Hu J, Zheng G. The preparation, characterization of Lupeol PEGylated liposome and its functional evaluation in vitro as well as pharmacokinetics in rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1052-1060. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1569038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huali Liang
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixi Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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156
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Chen IJ, Lin SH, Wong CS. Oral shea nut oil triterpene concentrate supplement ameliorates pain and histological assessment of articular cartilage deterioration in an ACLT injured rat knee osteoarthritis model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215812. [PMID: 31002699 PMCID: PMC6474620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial joint disease and a common disabling condition in the elderly population. The associated pain and pathohistological changes in cartilage are common features of OA in both humans and animal models. Shea nut oil extract (SheaFlex75) contains a high triterpenoid concentration and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects in both human and animal studies. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential of SheaFlex75 to prevent articular cartilage deterioration in a rat model of chronic OA progression. By employing anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) with medial meniscectomy (MMx)-induced OA, we found attenuation of both early and chronic onset OA pain and cartilage degeneration in ACLT+MMx rats receiving SheaFlex75 dietary supplementation. Under long-term oral administration, the rats with induced OA presented sustained protection of both pain and OA cartilage integrity compared to the OA-control rats. Moreover, rats subjected to long-term SheaFlex75 ingestion showed normal biochemical profiles (AST, BUN and total cholesterol) and presented relatively lower triglycerides (TGs) and body weights than the OA-control rats, which suggested the safety of prolonged use of this oil extract. Based on the present evidence, preventive management is advised to delay/prevent onset and progression in OA patients. Therefore, we suggest that SheaFlex75 may be an effective management strategy for symptom relief and cartilage protection in patients with both acute and chronic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Lin
- Planing and Management Office, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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157
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Driscoll K, Deshpande A, Chapp A, Li K, Datta R, Ramakrishna W. Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects of rice callus suspension culture (RCSC) and bioactive fractions in an in vitro inflammatory bowel disease model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:364-376. [PMID: 30831485 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice callus suspension culture (RCSC) has been shown to exhibit potent antiproliferative activity in multiple cancer cell lines. RCSC and its bioactive compounds can fill the need for drugs with no side effects. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The anti-inflammatory potential of RCSC and its bioactive fractions on normal colon epithelial cell lines, was investigated. STUDY DESIGN Three cell lines, InEpC, NCM356 and CCD841-CoN were treated with proinflammatory cytokines followed by RCSC. Cytoplasmic and nuclear ROS were assayed with fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometer. Expression analysis of immune-related genes was performed in RCSC-treated cell lines. RCSC was fractionated using column chromatography and HPLC. Pooled fractions 10-18 was used to test for antiproliferative activity using colon adenocarcinoma cell line, SW620 and anti-inflammatory activity using CCD841-CoN. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed to identify candidate compounds in four fractions. RESULTS RCSC treatment showed differential effects with higher cytoplasmic ROS levels in NCM356 and CCD841-CoN and lower ROS levels in InEpC. Nuclear generated ROS levels increased in all three treated cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide stained cells indicated mitigation of cell death caused by inflammation in RCSC treated groups in both NCM356 and CCD841-CoN. Genes encoding transcription factors and cytokines were differentially regulated in NCM356 and CCD841-CoN cell lines treated with RCSC which provided insights into possible pathways. Analysis of pooled fractions 10-18 by HPLC identified 8 peaks. Cell viability assay with fractions 10-18 using SW620 showed that the number of viable cells were greatly reduced which was similar to 6X and 33X RCSC with very little effect on normal cells which similar to 1X RCSC. RCSC fractions increased nuclear and cytoplasmic ROS vs. both untreated and inflammatory control. Analysis of four fractions by mass spectrometry identified 4-deoxyphloridzin, 5'-methoxycurcumin, piceid and lupeol as candidate compounds which are likely to be responsible for the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties of RCSC. CONCLUSION RCSC and its fractions showed anti-inflammatory activity on inflamed colon epithelial cells. Downstream target candidate genes which are likely to mediate RCSC effects were identified. Candidate compounds responsible for the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity of RCSC and its fractions provide possible drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Driscoll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Aparna Deshpande
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Chapp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Kefeng Li
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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158
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Malinowska M, Miroslaw B, Sikora E, Ogonowski J, Wojtkiewicz AM, Szaleniec M, Pasikowska-Piwko M, Eris I. New lupeol esters as active substances in the treatment of skin damage. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214216. [PMID: 30921370 PMCID: PMC6438679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to obtain new derivatives of natural triterpene lupeol and to evaluate their potential as active substances in the treatment of skin damage. Four new lupeol esters (propionate, succinate, isonicotinate and acetylsalicylate) and lupeol acetate were obtained using an eco-friendly synthesis method. In the esterification process, the commonly used hazardous reagents in this type of synthesis were replaced by safe ones. This unconventional, eco-friendly, method is particularly important because the compounds obtained are potentially active substances in skin care formulations. Even trace amounts of hazardous reagents can have a toxic effect on damaged or irritated tissues. The molecular structure of the esters were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy methods. Their crystal structures were determined using XRD method. To complete the analysis of their characteristics, physicochemical properties (melting point, lipophilicity, water solubility) and biological activity of the lupeol derivatives were studied. Results of an irritant potential test, carried out on Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE), confirmed that the synthesized lupeol derivatives are not cytotoxic and they stimulate a process of human cell proliferation. The safety of use for tested compounds was determined in a cell viability test (cytotoxicity detection kit based on the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity) for keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The results obtained showed that the modification of lupeol structure improve its bioavailability and activity. All of the esters penetrate the stratum corneum and the upper layers of the dermis better than the maternal lupeol. Lupeol isonicotinate, acetate and propionate were the most effective compounds in a stimulation of the human skin cell proliferation process. This combination resulted in an increase in the concentration of cells of more than 30% in comparison to control samples. The results indicate that the chemical modification of lupeol allows to obtain promising active substances for treatment of skin damage, including thermal, chemical and radiation burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Malinowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Barbara Miroslaw
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sikora
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Ogonowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka M. Wojtkiewicz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Szaleniec
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Irena Eris
- Dr Irena Eris Centre for Science and Research, Piaseczno, Poland
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159
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Oliveira-Junior MS, Pereira EP, de Amorim VCM, Reis LTC, do Nascimento RP, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. Lupeol inhibits LPS-induced neuroinflammation in cerebellar cultures and induces neuroprotection associated to the modulation of astrocyte response and expression of neurotrophic and inflammatory factors. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:302-312. [PMID: 30852286 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), neuroinflammation, especially that modulated by the cell response of astrocytes and microglia, is associated with damage to neurons in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and, Multiple Sclerosis. Lupeol is a dietary triterpene that has demonstrated biological activities as antioxidant. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of lupeol in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation in primary cerebellar cultures. Cultures were obtained from 6-day-old Wistar rats, subjected to inflammatory damage with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL) and treated with lupeol (0.1 μM). We observed, after a 48-hour treatment, through Fluorjade-B staining and immunocytochemistry (ICQ) for βIII-tubulin, that lupeol induced neuroprotection in cultures submitted to inflammatory damage. On the other hand, through ICQ for GFAP, it was possible to observe that lupeol modulated the astrocyte morphology for Bergmann glia-like phenotype and, especially for velate astrocyte-like phenotype, both phenotypes associated with the neuroprotective profile. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis showed that lupeol induced the down-regulation of the mRNA expression for proinflammatory markers TNF, iNOS and NLRP3, as well as the production of nitric oxide (method of Greiss), which were up-regulated by LPS, and also induced up-regulation of the mRNA expression for arginase and IL-6 mRNA. In addition, lupeol induced up-regulation of mRNA expression for neurotrophins GDNF and NGF and also for the sonic hedgehog-Gli pathway. Together, these results lead to the conclusion that lupeol inhibits neuroinflammation in cerebellar cultures and induces neuroprotection associated with the modulation of astrocyte response and expression of neurotrophic and inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Patricia Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Luã Tainã Costa Reis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
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160
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Faustino MV, Faustino MAF, Pinto DCGA. Halophytic Grasses, a New Source of Nutraceuticals? A Review on Their Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1067. [PMID: 30823674 PMCID: PMC6429475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Poaceae family, known as grasses, is distributed worldwide and is considered the most important group of monocotyledonous crops. Salt stress is multifactorial, therefore to survive, halophytes evolved a variety of adaptations, which include the biosynthesis of different primary and secondary metabolites. This trait enhances the accumulation of important families of compounds crucial to the prevention of a variety of chronic diseases. Besides, if proven edible, these species could cope with the increased soil salinity responsible for the decline of arable land due to their high nutritional/nutraceutical value. Herein, the phytochemical investigations performed in halophytes from the Poaceae family as well as their biological properties were explored. Among the 65 genera and 148 species of known halophytic grasses, only 14% of the taxa were studied phytochemically and 10% were subjected to biological evaluation. Notably, in the studied species, a variety of compound families, as well as bioactivities, were demonstrated, highlighting the potential of halophytic grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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161
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Improving lupeol production in yeast by recruiting pathway genes from different organisms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2992. [PMID: 30816209 PMCID: PMC6395594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpene that shows a variety of pharmacological properties. Compared to engineering the production of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, it is much more challenging to engineer the biosynthesis of triterpenes in microbial platforms. This study showed our efforts on engineering the triterpene pathway in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by recruiting the codon-optimized three lupeol pathway genes from different organisms. By comparing their activities with their respective counterparts, the squalene synthase from Thermosynechococcus elongates (tSQS), the squalene epoxidase from Rattus norvegicus (rSE) and the lupeol synthase from Olea europaea (OeLUP) were introduced into E. coli BL21(DE3), a break-through from zero was observed for lupeol biosynthesis in a prokaryotic host. We also assessed the lupeol pathway under two different yeast backgrounds-WAT11 and EPY300, and have found that the engineered strains based on EPY300, named ECHHOe, processed the best lupeol-producing ability with the maximum lupeol titer being 200.1 mg l−1 at 30 °C in a 72 h-flask culture, which so far was the highest amount of lupeol obtained by a microbial system and provides a basis for further industrial application of lupeol in the future.
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162
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Cultrera NGM, Sarri V, Lucentini L, Ceccarelli M, Alagna F, Mariotti R, Mousavi S, Ruiz CG, Baldoni L. High Levels of Variation Within Gene Sequences of Olea europaea L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1932. [PMID: 30671076 PMCID: PMC6331486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene sequence variation in cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea), the most important oil tree crop of the Mediterranean basin, has been poorly evaluated up to now. A deep sequence analysis of fragments of four genes, OeACP1, OeACP2, OeLUS and OeSUT1, in 90 cultivars, revealed a wide range of polymorphisms along all recognized allele forms and unexpected allele frequencies and genotype combinations. High linkage values among most polymorphisms were recorded within each gene fragment. The great sequence variability corresponded to a low number of alleles and, surprisingly, to a small fraction of genotype combinations. The distribution, frequency, and combination of the different alleles at each locus is possibly due to natural and human pressures, such as selection, ancestrality, or fitness. Phylogenetic analyses of allele sequences showed distant and complex patterns of relationships among cultivated olives, intermixed with other related forms, highlighting an evolutionary connection between olive cultivars and the O. europaea subspecies cuspidata and cerasiformis. This study demonstrates how a detailed and complete sequence analysis of a few gene portions and a thorough genotyping on a representative set of cultivars can clarify important issues related to sequence polymorphisms, reconstructing the phylogeny of alleles, as well as the genotype combinations. The identification of regions representing blocks of recombination could reveal polymorphisms that represent putatively functional markers. Indeed, specific mutations found on the analyzed OeACP1 and OeACP2 fragments seem to be correlated to the fruit weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò G. M. Cultrera
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vania Sarri
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Livia Lucentini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Ceccarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Alagna
- ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Roberto Mariotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Baldoni
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
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163
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Li X, Zhao K. Phase transition and electrical properties of aggregations of ethoxylated phytosterol surfactants by dielectric spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:505402. [PMID: 30465540 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaebe2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation behaviors of the bio-friendly nonionic phytosterol ethoxylated (BPS-n) surfactants, in water were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy over a frequency range from 40 Hz to 110 MHz. Only the BPS-5 solution system observes dielectric relaxation and we judge this is because due to the difference in the chain length of BPS-n surfactants. Then we further analyze the BPS-5 solution system. Interestingly, we found that BPS-5 lamellar aggregations exist two phases before and after 6%-8% BPS-5 concentration by using the dielectric parameters and the phase parameters obtained by fitting dielectric spectrum and the theoretical model respectively. In addition, we concluded that the change of the electrical parameters such as surface conductivity and zeta potential are related to the lamellar phase structure. Besides, lamellar phases formed at a lower concentration are more stable than those at higher concentration by the thermodynamic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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164
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Cháirez‐Ramírez MH, Gallegos‐Infante JA, Moreno‐Jiménez MR, González‐Laredo RF, Rocha‐Guzmán NE. Absorption and distribution of lupeol in CD‐1 mice evaluated by UPLC–APCI
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–MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4432. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Humberto Cháirez‐Ramírez
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
| | - Jose Alberto Gallegos‐Infante
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
| | - Martha Rocio Moreno‐Jiménez
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
| | - Ruben Francisco González‐Laredo
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha‐Guzmán
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
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165
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Shen X, Cui X, Cui H, Jin Y, Jin W, Sun H. Geraniol and lupeol inhibit growth and promote apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells through the MAPK signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5033-5041. [PMID: 30506710 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xionghu Shen
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji China
| | - Xian Cui
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji China
| | - Hai Cui
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji China
| | - Yongmin Jin
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji China
| | - Honghua Sun
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji China
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166
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Chaiprateep EO, Thavornwat C. Optimization of Clinacanthus nutans Biodegradable Analgesic Patch. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze and perfect the C. nutans-based biodegradable patch for analgesic employing a design of experiment (DoE) by Minitab version 18 program. Fifty-four full factorial design formulation were used to determine three factors and levels. They are made up of various concentration of 2%, 4%, and 6% of sodium alginate (ALG-Na) and Aloe vera juice. The sodium alginate (ALG-Na) and Aloe vera juice play the role of natural film former and terpenes act as permeation enhancers (eugenol, anethole, limonene). The Physicochemical characteristics include weight variation, thickness, surface pH, max stress, % elongation, mucoadhesive time and cost of production. These physicochemical properties were all investigated. The results show that the combination of 6% of sodium alginate (ALG-Na) and anethole produced the total quality (max stress, % elongation, mucoadhesive time, cost of production) (R2 adj > 87.95%, p<0.01). From the Accelerated stability test performed, it was observed that the weight and thickness of the patch were not statistically significantly different (p<0.05). This is a favorable physicochemical property. It is also a cost-effective profile for biodegradable dermal analgesic patches commercial product further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Em-on Chaiprateep
- Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chalermsak Thavornwat
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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167
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168
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Semwal P, Painuli S, Badoni H, Bacheti RK. Screening of phytoconstituents and antibacterial activity of leaves and bark of Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus from Uttarakhand Himalaya. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-018-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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169
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Wang Y, Hong D, Qian Y, Tu X, Wang K, Yang X, Shao S, Kong X, Lou Z, Jin L. Lupeol inhibits growth and migration in two human colorectal cancer cell lines by suppression of Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7987-7999. [PMID: 30519040 PMCID: PMC6235339 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lupeol, a triterpene isolated from various herbal plants, possesses an anti-inflammatory function and has been proposed as a candidate for anticancer agents. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of lupeol on the viability, apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, and migration of colorectal cancer cell lines and its molecular mechanism. Methods Lupeol was assessed for its anticancer effect using two human colorectal cancer cell lines: SW480 and HCT116. These cells were treated with lupeol, and their viability, apoptosis, migration, and cycle distribution were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry, and the transwell method. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were applied to detect the expressions of CTNNB1, TCF4, cMYC, CCND1, CLDN1, and CCNA2. Results Lupeol suppressed cell viability and migration and induced cellular apoptosis of both cell lines, with increased p53 and decreased Bcl2 protein levels (P<0.05). Cell cycles of both lupeol-treated cell lines were arrested in the S phase (P<0.05). Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses showed significantly reduced expressions of CTNNB1, TCF4, and downstream genes of the Wnt–β-catenin pathway, including the cell-cycle-regulated genes of cMYC and CCND1 of both cell lines upon lupeol treatment (P<0.05). mRNA and protein levels of CLDN1 decreased in HCT116 cells, plus the expression of CCNA2 mRNA and protein decreased in SW480 cells (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed decreased expression of Wnt–β-catenin signaling. Conclusion Our findings indicate that lupeol effectively inhibits proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest of two colorectal cell lines by inactivation of the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway and downregulation of cMYC, CCND1, CCNA2, and CLDN1, thereby making it a promising anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ; .,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yuqin Qian
- School of the first Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezi Tu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Keke Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xianhong Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Sijia Shao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xinlong Kong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhefeng Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Longjin Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
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170
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Pereira Beserra F, Xue M, Maia GLDA, Leite Rozza A, Helena Pellizzon C, Jackson CJ. Lupeol, a Pentacyclic Triterpene, Promotes Migration, Wound Closure, and Contractile Effect In Vitro: Possible Involvement of PI3K/Akt and p38/ERK/MAPK Pathways. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112819. [PMID: 30380745 PMCID: PMC6278408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a dynamic and complex process involving several mediators at the cellular and molecular levels. Lupeol, a phytoconstituent belonging to the triterpenes class, is found in several fruit plants and medicinal plants that have been the object of study in the treatment of various diseases, including skin wounds. Various medicinal properties of lupeol have been reported in the literature, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-mutagenic effects. We investigated the effects of lupeol (0.1, 1, 10, and 20 μg/mL) on in vitro wound healing assays and signaling mechanisms in human neonatal foreskin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Results showed that, at high concentrations, Lupeol reduced cell proliferation of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, but increased in vitro wound healing in keratinocytes and promoted the contraction of dermal fibroblasts in the collagen gel matrix. This triterpene positively regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and inhibited the NF-κB expression in keratinocytes, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. Lupeol also modulated the expression of keratin 16 according to the concentration tested. Additionally, in keratinocytes, lupeol treatment resulted in the activation of Akt, p38, and Tie-2, which are signaling proteins involved in cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. These findings suggest that lupeol has therapeutic potential for accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pereira Beserra
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Meilang Xue
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, the University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonard, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | | | - Ariane Leite Rozza
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Helena Pellizzon
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Christopher John Jackson
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, the University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonard, NSW 2065, Australia.
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171
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Valorization of Wild Apple ( Malus spp.) By-Products as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids, Tocopherols and Phytosterols with Antimicrobial Activity. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040090. [PMID: 30352980 PMCID: PMC6313870 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The amplified production of fruit as well as burgeoning demand for plant-made food products have resulted in a sharp increase of waste. Currently, millions of tons of by-products are either being discarded or utilized rather ineffectively. However, these by-products may be processed and further incorporated as functional ingredients in making high-value food products with many physiological and biochemical effects. The chemical analysis of pomace oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and reversed-phase-liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector (RP-HPLC/FLD) systems led to the identification and quantification of 56 individual lipophilic compounds including unsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, as well as phytosterols and four homologs of tocopherol. The oils recovered from by-products of Malus spp. (particularly cv. “Ola”) are rich in fatty acids such as linolenic (57.8%), α-linolenic (54.3%), and oleic (25.5%). The concentration of total tocopherols varied among the Malus species and dessert apples investigated, representing the range of 16.8–30.9 mg mL−1. The highest content of total tocopherols was found in M. Bernu prieks, followed by M. cv. “Ola”, and M. × Soulardii pomace oils. A significantly higher amount of δ-tocopherol was established in the oil of M. Bernu prieks, indicating that this species could be utilized as a natural and cheap source of bioactive molecules. β-Sitosterol was the prevalent compound determined in all tested pomace oils with a percentage distribution of 10.3–94.5%. The main triterpene identified in the oils was lupeol, which varied in the range of 0.1–66.3%. A targeted utilization of apple pomace would facilitate management of tons of by-products and benefit the environment and industry.
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172
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Borse SP, Singh DP, Upadhyay D, Nivsarkar M. Potential synergistic effects of quercetin with other phytoconstituents of Costus pictus (insulin plant) extract in the control of hyperglycemia and prevention of NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy in diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:448-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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173
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de Souza ARC, Guedes AR, Folador Rodriguez JM, Bombardelli MC, Corazza ML. Extraction of Arctium Lappa leaves using supercritical CO2 + ethanol: Kinetics, chemical composition, and bioactivity assessments. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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174
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Dong L, Pollier J, Bassard JE, Ntallas G, Almeida A, Lazaridi E, Khakimov B, Arendt P, de Oliveira LS, Lota F, Goossens A, Michoux F, Bak S. Co-expression of squalene epoxidases with triterpene cyclases boosts production of triterpenoids in plants and yeast. Metab Eng 2018; 49:1-12. [PMID: 30016654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Triterpene cyclases catalyze the first committed step in triterpene biosynthesis, by forming mono- to pentacyclic backbone structures from oxygenated C30 isoprenoid precursors. Squalene epoxidase precedes this cyclization by providing the oxygenated and activated substrate for triterpene biosynthesis. Three squalene epoxidases from Cucurbita pepo (CpSEs) were isolated and shown to have evolved under purifying selection with signs of sites under positive selection in their N- and C-termini. They all localize to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and produce 2,3-oxidosqualene and 2,3:22,23-dioxidosqualene when expressed in a yeast erg1 (squalene epoxidase) erg7 (lanosterol synthase) double mutant. Co-expression of the CpSEs with four different triterpene cyclases, either transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana or constitutively in yeast, showed that CpSEs boost triterpene production. CpSE2 was the best performing in this regard, which could reflect either increased substrate production or superior channeling of the substrate to the triterpene cyclases. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) analysis with C. pepo cucurbitadienol synthase (CpCPQ) revealed a specific interaction with CpSE2 but not with the other CpSEs. When CpSE2 was transformed into C. pepo hairy root lines, cucurbitacin E production was increased two folds compared to empty vector control lines. This study provides new insight into the importance of SEs in triterpene biosynthesis, suggesting that they may facilitate substrate channeling, and demonstrates that SE overexpression is a new tool for increasing triterpene production in plants and yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemeng Dong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Etienne Bassard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Georgios Ntallas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Alkion Biopharma SAS, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Aldo Almeida
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Eleni Lazaridi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 16, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Philipp Arendt
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louisi Souza de Oliveira
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Lota
- Alkion Biopharma SAS, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Alain Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franck Michoux
- Alkion Biopharma SAS, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Søren Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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175
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Ma X, Zhou F, Deng Y, Sun K, Zhang H, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Yu X. A New Steroid Ester from the Leaves of Melia azedarach. Chem Nat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-018-2513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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176
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Trendafilova A, Todorova M, Kutova N, Guncheva M. Phytochemical Profile and Anti-lipase Activity of Balkan Endemic Jurinea tzar-ferdinandii. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical study of the Balkan endemic J. tzar-ferdinandii Davidov allowed the identification of twenty-two components. β-Amyrin, lupeol, taraxasterol and Ψ-taraxasterol and their 3- O-acetates and 3- O-palmitates were identified by GC/MS. Six closely related sesquiterpene lactones and four flavones were isolated from the chloroform extract using column chromatography, and their structural identification was performed by spectral analyses. All isolated compounds are described for the first time in Jurinea species. The inhibitory potential of the total chloroform extract, fractions containing triterpenes, flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones as well as individual compounds against a bacterial lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) and a lipase from porcine pancrease (PPL) was evaluated. The half maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) for the two enzymes were in the range of 28–150 μg/mL. The strongest inhibitory activity was found for the total chloroform extract (29±1 μg/mL and 39±1 μg/mL for CRL and PPL, respectively.). Among the individual compounds, onopordopicrin was found to be the most potent inhibitor for CRL and PPL with IC50 values of 32±1 μg/mL and 36±1 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta Trendafilova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milka Todorova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolina Kutova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Guncheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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177
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Prasad N, Sabarwal A, Yadav UCS, Singh RP. Lupeol induces S-phase arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. J Biosci 2018; 43:249-261. [PMID: 29872014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is fourth most common fatal cancer in women worldwide. Lupeol is a dietary triterpenoid and has shown its anticancer efficacy against various cancer types with selectivity in targeting cancer cells. In the present study, anticancer efficacy and mechanism of action of a phytochemical, lupeol, in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells has been examined. The anticancer efficacy of lupeol was assessed by trypan blue cell counting, annexin Vassay, cell cycle analysis, expression of apoptotic proteins by RT-PCR and Western blotting and assessment of mitochondrial ROS generation by mitosox and mitotracker assays. Our results demonstrated that lupeol decreased cell proliferation and viability of HeLa cells significantly (p less than 0.001). Lupeol induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and also decreased the expression of S-phase Cyclins and CDKs and increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21 at transcriptional and translational level. Further, lupeol induced apoptosis and increased the expression of apoptosis markers such as cleaved PARP and Bax:Bcl-2 ratio. Furthermore, mitosox and mitotracker dye incubation followed by FACS analysis showed an increase in mitochondrial superoxide generation and reduction in healthy mitochondrial mass. These results suggest that lupeol could be an effective chemotherapeutic agent against cervical carcinoma due to its growth inhibitory activity through induction of S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupoor Prasad
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Senthilkumar A, Karuvantevida N, Rastrelli L, Kurup SS, Cheruth AJ. Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Efficacy, and Phytochemistry of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. -A Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:465. [PMID: 29867473 PMCID: PMC5958191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa is a sole genus of Moringaceae family with 13 species distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Among them, Moringa peregrina is one of the species which has wide range of traditional, nutritional, industrial, and medicinal values. The plant parts are used in folk medicine for many human health care purposes including diabetes, wound healing, disinfectant, fever, constipation, muscle pains, slimness, burns, labor pain, hypertension, malaria, stomach disorder, asthma, skin problems, and to expel a retained placenta. In addition to medicinal value, M. peregrina has cultural, spiritual, and religious connections with the native people of Arabian Peninsula. M. peregrina plant parts were tested for many pharmacological activities viz, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-spasmodic, hypertension, hepatotoxicity, lipid lowering activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and memory disorders. Few active molecules belong to the class isothiocyanate, flavonoid, triterpenoid, phytosterol, polyphenol, and glycoside were also isolated, identified and reported for anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anthelmintic, anti-mutagenic, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-infective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, lipid lowering potential, anti-trypanosomal, and cytotoxic activities. So, the aim of the present review is to provide comprehensive information from recognized sources on the traditional uses, pharmacological efficacy and phytochemistry of the desert medicinal plant, M. peregrina. The information provided in this review will be very useful for further studies to develop novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Senthilkumar
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noushad Karuvantevida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Shyam S Kurup
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul J Cheruth
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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179
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Chen MC, Hsu HH, Chu YY, Cheng SF, Shen CY, Lin YJ, Chen RJ, Viswanadha VP, Lin YM, Huang CY. Lupeol alters ER stress-signaling pathway by downregulating ABCG2 expression to induce Oxaliplatin-resistant LoVo colorectal cancer cell apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:587-593. [PMID: 29436100 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer-related death. There are several first-line chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat CRC. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is an alkylating cytotoxic agent that is usually combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs to treat stage II and stage III CRC. However, cancer cells commonly acquire multidrug resistance (MDR), which is a major obstruction to cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that natural components from traditional Chinese medicine or foods that have many biological functions may be new adjuvant therapies in clinical trials. We challenged LoVo CRC cell lines with OXA in a dose-dependent manner to create an OXA-resistant model. The expression of ABCG2 was significantly higher, and levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were lower than those Parental cells. However, Lupeol, which is found in fruits and vegetables, has been shown to have bioactive properties, including anti-tumor properties that are relevant to many diseases. In our study, Lupeol downregulated cell viability and activated cell apoptosis. Moreover, Lupeol decreased the expression of ABCG2 and activated ER stress to induce OXA-resistant cell death. Importantly, the anti-tumor effect of Lupeol in OXA-resistant cells was higher than that of LoVo Parental cells. In addition, we also confirmed our results with a xenograft animal model, and the tumor size significantly decreased after Lupeol injections. Our findings show that Lupeol served as a strong chemoresistant sensitizer and could be a new adjuvant therapy method for chemoresistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Fei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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180
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Use of emerging technologies in the extraction of lupeol, α-amyrin and β-amyrin from sea grape ( Coccoloba uvifera L.). Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:2377-2383. [PMID: 30042552 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging technologies are being explored to improve extraction yields of phytochemicals or high-value biological compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction of lupeol, α-, and β-amyrin from fruit, leaf and stem of the sea grape tree (Coccoloba uvifera L.) using technologies such as Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) and High Hydrostatic Pressure Extraction (HHPE). Results were compared to conventional extraction (maceration). Analysis with thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of lupeol in all studied parts of the tree. Optimal extraction conditions for UAE and HHPE were found; the highest concentration of triterpenes was obtained by UAE after evaluating conventional and non-conventional techniques. Finally, analysis of different tree parts and other vegetable sources showed that the best source of triterpenes was the leaf.
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182
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Khandaker M, Akter S, Imam MZ. Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.: A vegetable with diverse pharmacological properties. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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183
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Vithana MD, Singh Z, Johnson SK. Dynamics in the concentrations of health-promoting compounds: lupeol, mangiferin and different phenolic acids during postharvest ripening of mango fruit. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1460-1468. [PMID: 28786116 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) is renowned for its pleasant taste and as a rich source of health beneficial compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in concentrations of health-promoting compounds, namely ascorbic acid, carotenoids, antioxidants, lupeol, mangiferin, total phenols and individual phenolic acids, as well as ethylene production and respiration rates during climacteric ripening in 'Kensington Pride' and 'R2E2' mango fruit. RESULTS The climacteric ethylene and respiration peaks were noted on the third day of the fruit ripening period. The concentrations of total carotenoids in the pulp, total antioxidants in both pulp and peel, and total phenols of the peel, lupeol and mangiferin were significantly elevated, whereas the concentration of ascorbic acid declined during post-climacteric ripening. Gallic, chlorogenic and vanillic acids were identified as the major phenolic acids in both pulp and peel of 'Kensington Pride' and 'R2E2' mangoes. The concentrations of phenolic acids (gallic, chlorogenic, vanillic, ferulic and caffeic acids) also increased during the post-climacteric phase. The concentrations of all phenolic compounds were several-fold higher in the peel than pulp. CONCLUSION Mangoes at post-climacteric ripening phase offer the highest concentrations of health-promoting compounds. Peel, at this stage of fruit ripening, could be exploited as a good source for extraction of these compounds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekhala Dk Vithana
- Curtin Horticulture Research Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, 6845, WA, Australia
| | - Zora Singh
- Curtin Horticulture Research Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, 6845, WA, Australia
| | - Stuart K Johnson
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845, WA, Australia
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184
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NF-κB/twist mediated regulation of colonic inflammation by lupeol in abating dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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185
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Silva ATME, Magalhães CG, Duarte LP, Mussel WDN, Ruiz ALTG, Shiozawa L, Carvalho JED, Trindade IC, Vieira Filho SA. Lupeol and its esters: NMR, powder XRD data and in vitro evaluation of cancer cell growth. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000300251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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186
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Lee SY, Mediani A, Maulidiani M, Khatib A, Ismail IS, Zawawi N, Abas F. Comparison of partial least squares and random forests for evaluating relationship between phenolics and bioactivities of Neptunia oleracea. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:240-252. [PMID: 28580581 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neptunia oleracea is a plant consumed as a vegetable and which has been used as a folk remedy for several diseases. Herein, two regression models (partial least squares, PLS; and random forest, RF) in a metabolomics approach were compared and applied to the evaluation of the relationship between phenolics and bioactivities of N. oleracea. In addition, the effects of different extraction conditions on the phenolic constituents were assessed by pattern recognition analysis. RESULTS Comparison of the PLS and RF showed that RF exhibited poorer generalization and hence poorer predictive performance. Both the regression coefficient of PLS and the variable importance of RF revealed that quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, caffeic acid and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside were significant towards the tested bioactivities. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) results showed that sonication and absolute ethanol are the preferable extraction method and ethanol ratio, respectively, to produce N. oleracea extracts with high phenolic levels and therefore high DPPH scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION Both PLS and RF are useful regression models in metabolomics studies. This work provides insight into the performance of different multivariate data analysis tools and the effects of different extraction conditions on the extraction of desired phenolics from plants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yee Lee
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maulidiani Maulidiani
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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187
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Atarzadeh F, Kamalinejad M, Amin G, Salehi A, Dastgheib L, Jaladat AM, Heydari M, gouyandeh Z. Topical application of Cassia fistula L. fruit gel in management of cutaneous lesions of pemphigus vulgaris: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2018; 8:543-551. [PMID: 30456202 PMCID: PMC6235662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cassia fistula L. fruit extract has been traditionally used in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) lesions in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of C. fistula fruit gel on healing time of PV lesions in a clinical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial that was performed in dermatology ward at Saadi hospital, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Right- or left- sided lesions of PV patients on standard systemic treatment were randomized for treatment with either C. fistula fruit gel or placebo prescribed twice daily. The largest diameter of each lesion was measured at the baseline (day 0) and on days 10 and 20. Epithelialization Index (EI), as outcome measure was calculated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS The present study comprised 20 patients, with overall 82 cutaneous lesions including 41 lesions in the C. fistula fruit gel group and 41 lesions in the placebo group. The EI in the C. fistula fruit gel group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group both on day 10 (65±28vs 30±34; p=0.001) and at the end of the study (91±22 vs 69±49; p=0.003). CONCLUSION Topical application of C. fistula fruit gel can be considered as an effective adjuvant therapy in treatment of PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Atarzadeh
- Department of Traditional Iranian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Scinces, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Amin
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Salehi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ladan Dastgheib
- Shiraz Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +987132319049, Fax: +987132319049,
| | - Amir Mohammad Jaladat
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra gouyandeh
- Shiraz Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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188
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Some triterpenic compounds in extracts of Cecropia and Bauhinia species for different sampling years. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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189
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Mah SH, Teh SS, Ee GCL. Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:920-928. [PMID: 28152649 PMCID: PMC6130616 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC50 values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC50 of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Department of Engineering and Processing, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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190
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Teoh PL, Cheng AYF, Liau M, Lem FF, Kaling GP, Chua FN, Cheong BE. Chemical composition and cytotoxic properties of Clinacanthus nutans root extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:394-401. [PMID: 27931178 PMCID: PMC6130766 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1242145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial and antivenom activities. In Malaysia, it has been widely claimed to be effective in various cancer treatments but scientific evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the chemical constituents, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic properties of C. nutans root extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The roots were subjected to solvent extraction using methanol and ethyl acetate. The anti-proliferative effects of root extracts were tested at the concentrations of 10 to 50 μg/mL on MCF-7 and HeLa by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for 72 h. Morphological changes were observed under light microscope. Pro-apoptotic effects of root extracts were examined using flow cytometric analysis and RT-PCR. The chemical compositions of root extracts were detected using GC-MS. RESULTS The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was inhibited with the IC50 values of 35 and 30 μg/mL, respectively, for methanol and ethyl acetate root extracts. The average inhibition of HeLa cells was ∼25%. Induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 was supported by chromatin condensation, down-regulation of BCL2 and unaltered expression of BAX. However, only ethyl acetate extract caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. GC-MS analysis revealed the roots extracts were rich with terpenoids and phytosterols. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that root extracts promote apoptosis by suppressing BCL2 via mitochondria-dependent or independent manner. The identified compounds might work solely or cooperatively in regulating apoptosis. However, further studies are required to address this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peik Lin Teoh
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Angelina Ying Fang Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Fui Fui Lem
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Grace P. Kaling
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fern Nie Chua
- Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Bo Eng Cheong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Abotsi WKM, Lamptey SB, Afrane S, Boakye-Gyasi E, Umoh RU, Woode E. An evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of hydroethanol leaf extract of Albizia zygia in animal models. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:338-348. [PMID: 27927089 PMCID: PMC6130645 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1262434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The leaves of Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) are used in Ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment of pain, inflammatory disorders and fever (including malaria). OBJECTIVES The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of the hydroethanol leaf extract of Albizia zygia (AZE) in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of AZE were examined in the carrageenan-induced foot oedema model and the baker's yeast-induced pyrexia test respectively. The analgesic effect and possible mechanisms of action were also assessed in the formalin test. RESULTS AZE (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.), either preemptively or curatively, significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced foot edema in 7-day-old chicks (ED50 values; preemptive: 232.9 ± 53.33 mg/kg; curative: 539.2 ± 138.28 mg/kg). Similarly, the NSAID diclofenac (10-100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the oedema in both preemptive (ED50: 21.16 ± 4.07 mg/kg) and curative (ED50: 44.28 ± 5.75 mg/kg) treatments. The extract (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.) as well as paracetamol (150 mg/kg, p.o.) also showed significant antipyretic activity in the baker's yeast-induced pyrexia test (ED50 of AZE: 282.5 ± 96.55 mg/kg). AZE and morphine (1-10 mg/kg, i.p.; positive control), exhibited significant analgesic activity in the formalin test. The analgesic effect was partly or wholly reversed by the systemic administration of naloxone, theophylline and atropine. CONCLUSION The results suggest that AZE possesses anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties, which justifies its traditional use. Also, the results show the involvement of the opioidergic, adenosinergic and the muscarinic cholinergic pathways in the analgesic effects of AZE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- CONTACT Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stanley Benjamin Lamptey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stephen Afrane
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ruth Uwa Umoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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192
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Seervi M, Lotankar S, Barbar S, Sathaye S. Assessment of cytochrome P450 inhibition and induction potential of lupeol and betulin in rat liver microsomes. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2017; 31:115-22. [PMID: 26959552 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2015-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupeol and betulin are triterpenoids that are majorly found in dietary substances. The aim of present study was to investigate the inhibition and induction potential of lupeol and betulin on cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D6 and CYP3A2 activities in rat liver microsomes. METHODS The inhibition and induction studies were conducted using ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (CYP1A2), tolbutamide hydroxylase (CYP2C9), and midazolam hydroxylase (CYP3A4) activity assays. In vitro inhibition study was evaluated by incubating lupeol and betulin (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 μM) with rat liver microsomes, and the metabolite formation was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The induction study was conducted by administering lupeol (20 mg/kg) and betulin (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 days to rats followed by liver isolation and microsome preparation. RESULTS The IC50 values in inhibition studies were found to be 59.42 μM (CYP1A2), >100 μM (CYP2C11, CYP2D6, CYP3A2) for lupeol, 52.24 μM (CYP1A2), and >100 μM (CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A2) for betulin. There was no significant modification observed in the CYP450 isoforms, indicating neither inhibition nor induction potential of lupeol and betulin. CONCLUSIONS Lupeol and betulin have very low propensity to interact with CYP enzyme, suggesting no CYP inhibitory and inducing potential in rat liver microsomes.
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193
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Das A, Jawed JJ, Das MC, Sandhu P, De UC, Dinda B, Akhter Y, Bhattacharjee S. Antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities of lupeol, a triterpene compound isolated from Sterculia villosa. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:512-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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194
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Machado VR, Sandjo LP, Pinheiro GL, Moraes MH, Steindel M, Pizzolatti MG, Biavatti MW. Synthesis of lupeol derivatives and their antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:275-281. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1353982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R. Machado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Louis P. Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giovanni L. Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Milene H. Moraes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mario Steindel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Moacir G. Pizzolatti
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maique W. Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Ruiz-Rodríguez MA, Vedani A, Flores-Mireles AL, Cháirez-Ramírez MH, Gallegos-Infante JA, González-Laredo RF. In Silico Prediction of the Toxic Potential of Lupeol. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1562-1571. [PMID: 28654752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid found in many plant species such as mango. This compound is the principal active component of many traditional herbal medicines. In the past decade, a considerable number of publications dealt with lupeol and its analogues due to the interest in their pharmacological activities against cancer, inflammation, arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease. To identify further potential applications of lupeol and its analogues, it is necessary to investigate their mechanisms of action, particularly their interaction with off-target proteins that may trigger adverse effects or toxicity. In this study, we simulated and quantified the interaction of lupeol and 11 of its analogues toward a series of 16 proteins known or suspected to trigger adverse effects employing the VirtualToxLab. This software provides a thermodynamic estimate of the binding affinity, and the results were challenged by molecular-dynamics simulations, which allow probing the kinetic stability of the underlying protein-ligand complexes. Our results indicate that there is a moderate toxic potential for lupeol and some of its analogues, by targeting and binding to nuclear receptors involved in fertility, which could trigger undesired adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Vedani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana L Flores-Mireles
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, United States
| | - Manuel H Cháirez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México
| | - José A Gallegos-Infante
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México
| | - Rubén F González-Laredo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México
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196
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Tsai FS, Lin LW, Wu CR. Lupeol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 929:145-175. [PMID: 27771924 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol belongs to pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenes and exhibits in edible vegetables, fruits and many plants. Many researches indicated that lupeol possesses many beneficial pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic and anti-mutagenic effects. From various disease-targeted animal models, these reports indicated that lupeol has anti-diabetic, anti-asthma, anti-arthritic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer efficiency under various routes of administration such as topical, oral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous. It is worth mentioning that clinical trials of lupeol were performed to treat canine oral malignant melanoma and human moderate skin acne in Japan and Korea. The detailed mechanism of anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities was further reviewed from published papers. These evidence indicate that lupeol is a multi-target agent to exert diverse pharmacological potency with many potential targeting proteins such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and TCA cycle enzymes and targeting pathway such as IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (IRAK-TLR4), Bcl-2 family, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review also provides suggestion that lupeol might be a valuable and potential lead compound to develop as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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197
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Schmidt C, Loos C, Jin L, Schmiech M, Schmidt CQ, Gaafary ME, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Acetyl-lupeolic acid inhibits Akt signaling and induces apoptosis in chemoresistant prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55147-55161. [PMID: 28903409 PMCID: PMC5589648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The triterpenoid acetyl-lupeolic acid (ac-LA) isolated from the oleogum resin of Boswellia carterii reduced the viability of a panel of cancer cell lines more efficiently than lupeol. There was no detectable intracellular conversion of ac-LA to lupeol and vice versa. In contrast to docetaxel, ac-LA did not induce selection of treatment-resistant cancer cells. By various parameters including DNA fragmentation, ac-LA was shown to induce apoptosis in androgen-independent PC-3 cells, whereas in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, ac-LA led to cell accumulation in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, but not to apoptosis. In silico docking combined with in vitro kinase assays implied that ac LA potently inhibits Akt mainly by direct binding to the pleckstrin homology domain. Consistently, an Akt1 mutant deficient of the PH domain afforded partial resistance to ac-LA and complete resistance to lupeol and the Akt inhibitor III. Ac-LA inhibited phosphorylation of downstream targets of the Akt signaling pathway, which was followed by inhibition of the mTOR target p70 ribosomal six protein kinase and the nuclear accumulation of p65/NF-κB, β-catenin, and c-myc, as well as loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Ac-LA exhibited antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antitumorigenic effects on PC-3-tumors xenografted either on chick chorioallantoic membranes or in nude mice. Ac-LA exhibited a clearly better safety profile than docetaxel or lupeol during chronic administration in vivo. In contrast to lupeol, ac-LA also inhibited release of vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro and accordingly angiogenesis in vivo. Thus, ac-LA deserves further exploration as a potential new antitumor compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Present address: Rommelag CMO, Sulzbach-Laufen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Loos
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Present address: Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lu Jin
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Menna El Gaafary
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Present address: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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198
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Victor MM, David JM, Sakukuma MCK, Costa-Lotufo LV, Moura AF, Araújo AJ. Terpene Esters from Natural Products: Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1369-1379. [PMID: 28813102 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural steroids and triterpenes such as b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, lupeol, ursolic and betulinic acids were transformed into its hexanoic and oleic esters, to evaluate the influence of chemical modification towards the cytotoxic activities against tumor cells. The derivatives were evaluated against five tumor cell lines [OVCAR-8 (ovarian carcinoma); SF-295 (glioblastoma); HCT-116 (colon adenocarcinoma); HL-60 (leukemia); and PC-3 (prostate carcinoma)] and the results showed only betulinic acid hexyl ester exhibits cytotoxic potential activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio M Victor
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Depto de Química Orgânica, Rua Barão do Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/INCT de Energia e Ambiente,Universidade Federal da Bahia/UFBA, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge M David
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Depto de Química Orgânica, Rua Barão do Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/INCT de Energia e Ambiente,Universidade Federal da Bahia/UFBA, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria C K Sakukuma
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Depto de Química Orgânica, Rua Barão do Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/INCT de Energia e Ambiente,Universidade Federal da Bahia/UFBA, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Letícia V Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea F Moura
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana J Araújo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, São Benedito, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PB, Brazil
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199
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BASTOS ISLAV, OLIVEIRA TATIANEBDE, RODRIGUES MARIAD, MILITÃO GARDÊNIAC, SILVA TERESINHAGDA, TURATTI IZABELC, LOPES NORBERTOP, MELO SEBASTIÃOJDE. Use of GC/MS to identify chemical constituents and cytotoxic activity of the leaves of Phoradendron mucronatum and Phoradendron microphyllum (Viscaceae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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200
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Kaur N, Kaur B, Sirhindi G. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Phyllanthus niruri L.: A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:980-1004. [PMID: 28512988 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus niruri, a typical member of family Euphorbiaceae, is a small annual herb found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. The genus Phyllanthus has been used in traditional medicine for its wide range of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antiplasmodial, antiviral, diuretic and hepatoprotective. This review summarizes the information about morphological, biochemical, ethanobotanical, pharmacological, biological and toxicological activities with special emphasis on mechanism of anticancer activity of P. niruri. Gaps in previous studies such as taxonomic inconsistency of P. niruri, novel phytochemicals and their therapeutic properties, especially mechanisms of anticancerous activity and market products available, have been looked into and addressed. Scientific information related to 83 phytochemicals (including many novel compounds detected recently by the authors) has been provided in a very comprehensive manner. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Geetika Sirhindi
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147 002, Punjab, India
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