151
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Serre C, Busuttil V, Botto JM. Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of human skin melanogenesis and pigmentation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:328-347. [PMID: 29752874 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In human skin, melanogenesis is a tightly regulated process. Indeed, several extracellular signals are transduced via dedicated signalling pathways and mostly converge to MITF, a transcription factor integrating upstream signalling and regulating downstream genes involved in the various inherent mechanisms modulating melanogenesis. The synthesis of melanin pigments occurs in melanocytes inside melanosomes where melanogenic enzymes (tyrosinase and related proteins) are addressed with the help of specific protein complexes. The melanosomes loaded with melanin are then transferred to keratinocytes. A more elaborate level of melanogenesis regulation comes into play via the action of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, lncRNAs). Besides this canonical regulation, melanogenesis can also be modulated by other non-specific intrinsic pathways (hormonal environment, inflammation) and by extrinsic factors (solar irradiation such as ultraviolet irradiation, environmental pollution). We developed a bioinformatic interaction network gathering the multiple aspects of melanogenesis and skin pigmentation as a resource to better understand and study skin pigmentation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Serre
- Global Skin Research Center, Ashland, 655, route du Pin Montard, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France
| | - V Busuttil
- Global Skin Research Center, Ashland, 655, route du Pin Montard, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France
| | - J-M Botto
- Global Skin Research Center, Ashland, 655, route du Pin Montard, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France
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152
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Kasraian Z, Trompezinski S, Cario-André M, Morice-Picard F, Ged C, Jullie ML, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. Pigmentation abnormalities in nucleotide excision repair disorders: Evidence and hypotheses. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 32:25-40. [PMID: 29938913 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation abnormalities are manifested in several disorders associated with deficient DNA repair mechanisms such as nucleotide excision repair (NER) and double-strand break (DSB) diseases, a topic that has not received much attention up to now. Hereditary disorders associated with defective DNA repair are valuable models for understanding mechanisms that lead to hypo- and hyperpigmentation. Owing to the UV-associated nature of abnormal pigmentary manifestations, the outcome of the activated DNA damage response (DDR) network could be the effector signal for alterations in pigmentation, ultimately manifesting as pigmentary abnormalities in repair-deficient disorders. In this review, the role of the DDR network in the manifestation of pigmentary abnormalities in NER and DSB disorders is discussed with a special emphasis on NER disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kasraian
- NAOS, Aix en Provence, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Muriel Cario-André
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Ged
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Alain Taieb
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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153
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Lange SS, Bhetawal S, Reh S, Powell KL, Kusewitt DF, Wood RD. DNA polymerase ζ deficiency causes impaired wound healing and stress-induced skin pigmentation. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1. [PMID: 30046772 PMCID: PMC6055517 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice harboring DNA polymerase ζ–defective keratinocytes are shown to have a defect in wound healing and a striking p53-dependent migration of melanocytes to the skin following UV radiation or wounding. DNA polymerase ζ (pol ζ) is well established as a specialized enzyme important for DNA damage tolerance, facilitating DNA synthesis past lesions caused by radiation or chemical damage. We report that disruption of Rev3l (encoding the catalytic subunit of pol ζ) in mouse epidermis leads to a defect in proliferation that impairs cutaneous wound healing. A striking increase in epidermal skin pigmentation accompanied both wound healing and UV irradiation in these mice. This was a consequence of stress-induced migration of Rev3l-proficient melanocytes to the Rev3l-defective epidermis. We found that this pigmentation corresponded with p53 activation in keratinocytes and was absent in p53-negative areas of the epidermis. Expression of the kit ligand (Kitl) gene, a p53-controlled mediator of keratinocyte to melanocyte signaling, was enhanced during wound healing or following UV irradiation. This study extends the function of pol ζ to the process of proliferation during wound healing. Rev3l-deficient epidermis may be a useful mouse model system for examining communication between damaged keratinocytes and melanocytes, including signaling relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine S Lange
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Sarita Bhetawal
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Shelley Reh
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Katherine Leslie Powell
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Donna F Kusewitt
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Richard D Wood
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
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154
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Kim KI, Jo JW, Lee JH, Kim CD, Yoon TJ. Induction of pigmentation by a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2271-2276. [PMID: 29959921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin color is determined by the melanin pigments that are produced in melanocytes then transferred to surrounding keratinocytes. Despite the growing number of commercial products claiming the pigmentation-regulatory effects, there is still a demand for the development of new materials that are safe and more efficacious. We tried to screen the pigmentation-regulatory materials using a commercially available drugs, and found that nilotinib could induce pigmentation in melanoma cells. When HM3KO melanoma cells were treated with nilotinib, melanin content was increased together with increase of tyrosinase activity. Nilotinib increased the expression of pigmentation-related genes such as MITF, tyrosinase and TRP1. Consistent with these results, the protein level for MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1 was significantly increased by nilotinib. To delineate the action mechanism of nilotinib, we investigated the effects of nilotinib on intracellular signaling. As a result, nilotinib decreased the phosphorylation of AKT, while increased the phosphorylation of CREB. The pretreatment of PKA inhibitor H89 markedly blocked the nilotinib-induced phosphorylation of CREB. In accordance with, pretreatment of H89 significantly inhibited the nilotinib-induced pigmentation, indicating that nilotinib induces pigmentation via the activation of PKA signaling. Together, our data suggest that nilotinib can be developed for the treatment of hypopigmentary disorder such as vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Il Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jo
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Skin Med Co., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Yoon
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju, South Korea.
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155
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Khan AQ, Travers JB, Kemp MG. Roles of UVA radiation and DNA damage responses in melanoma pathogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:438-460. [PMID: 29466611 PMCID: PMC6031472 DOI: 10.1002/em.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidence of melanoma is a serious public health issue that merits a thorough understanding of potential causative risk factors, which includes exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Though UVR has been classified as a complete carcinogen and has long been recognized for its ability to damage genomic DNA through both direct and indirect means, the precise mechanisms by which the UVA and UVB components of UVR contribute to the pathogenesis of melanoma have not been clearly defined. In this review, we therefore highlight recent studies that have addressed roles for UVA radiation in the generation of DNA damage and in modulating the subsequent cellular responses to DNA damage in melanocytes, which are the cell type that gives rise to melanoma. Recent research suggests that UVA not only contributes to the direct formation of DNA lesions but also impairs the removal of UV photoproducts from genomic DNA through oxidation and damage to DNA repair proteins. Moreover, the melanocyte microenvironment within the epidermis of the skin is also expected to impact melanomagenesis, and we therefore discuss several paracrine signaling pathways that have been shown to impact the DNA damage response in UV-irradiated melanocytes. Lastly, we examine how alterations to the immune microenvironment by UVA-associated DNA damage responses may contribute to melanoma development. Thus, there appear to be multiple avenues by which UVA may elevate the risk of melanoma. Protective strategies against excess exposure to UVA wavelengths of light therefore have the potential to decrease the incidence of melanoma. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:438-460, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Q Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
- Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Michael G Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
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156
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Herraiz C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Sánchez-Laorden B, García-Borrón JC. Functional interplay between secreted ligands and receptors in melanoma. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 78:73-84. [PMID: 28676423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, results from the malignant transformation of melanocytes located in the basement membrane separating the epidermal and dermal skin compartments. Cutaneous melanoma is often initiated by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced mutations. Melanocytes intimately interact with keratinocytes, which provide growth factors and melanocortin peptides acting as paracrine regulators of proliferation and differentiation. Keratinocyte-derived melanocortins activate melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) to protect melanocytes from the carcinogenic effect of UVR. Accordingly, MC1R is a major determinant of susceptibility to melanoma. Despite extensive phenotypic heterogeneity and high mutation loads, the molecular basis of melanomagenesis and the molecules mediating the crosstalk between melanoma and stromal cells are relatively well understood. Mutations of intracellular effectors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling, notably NRAS and BRAF, are major driver events more frequent than mutations in RTKs. Nevertheless, melanomas often display aberrant signalling from RTKs such as KIT, ERRB1-4, FGFR, MET and PDGFR, which contribute to disease progression and resistance to targeted therapies. Progress has also been made to unravel the role of the tumour secretome in preparing the metastatic niche. However, key aspects of the melanoma-stroma interplay, such as the molecular determinants of dormancy, remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Berta Sánchez-Laorden
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - José C García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
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157
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Slominski AT, Zmijewski MA, Plonka PM, Szaflarski JP, Paus R. How UV Light Touches the Brain and Endocrine System Through Skin, and Why. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1992-2007. [PMID: 29546369 PMCID: PMC5905393 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin, a self-regulating protective barrier organ, is empowered with sensory and computing capabilities to counteract the environmental stressors to maintain and restore disrupted cutaneous homeostasis. These complex functions are coordinated by a cutaneous neuro-endocrine system that also communicates in a bidirectional fashion with the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, all acting in concert to control body homeostasis. Although UV energy has played an important role in the origin and evolution of life, UV absorption by the skin not only triggers mechanisms that defend skin integrity and regulate global homeostasis but also induces skin pathology (e.g., cancer, aging, autoimmune responses). These effects are secondary to the transduction of UV electromagnetic energy into chemical, hormonal, and neural signals, defined by the nature of the chromophores and tissue compartments receiving specific UV wavelength. UV radiation can upregulate local neuroendocrine axes, with UVB being markedly more efficient than UVA. The locally induced cytokines, corticotropin-releasing hormone, urocortins, proopiomelanocortin-peptides, enkephalins, or others can be released into circulation to exert systemic effects, including activation of the central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, opioidogenic effects, and immunosuppression, independent of vitamin D synthesis. Similar effects are seen after exposure of the eyes and skin to UV, through which UVB activates hypothalamic paraventricular and arcuate nuclei and exerts very rapid stimulatory effects on the brain. Thus, UV touches the brain and central neuroendocrine system to reset body homeostasis. This invites multiple therapeutic applications of UV radiation, for example, in the management of autoimmune and mood disorders, addiction, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
- Correspondence: Andrzej T. Slominski, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294. E-mail:
| | | | - Przemyslaw M Plonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology and the UAB Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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158
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Markiewicz E, Idowu OC. Personalized skincare: from molecular basis to clinical and commercial applications. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:161-171. [PMID: 29692619 PMCID: PMC5903487 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s163799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Individual responses of human skin to the environmental stress are determined by differences in the anatomy and physiology that are closely linked to the genetic characteristics such as pigmentation. Ethnic skin phenotypes can be distinguished based on defined genotypic traits, structural organization and compartmentalized sensitivity to distinct extrinsic aging factors. These differences are not only responsible for the variation in skin performance after exposure to damaging conditions, but can also affect the mechanisms of drug absorption, sensitization and other longer term effects. The unique characteristics of the individual skin function and, particularly, of the ethnic skin type are currently considered to shape the future of clinical and pharmacologic interventions as a basis for personalized skincare. Individual approaches to skincare render a novel and actively growing area with a range of biomedical and commercial applications within cosmetics industry. In this review, we summarize the aspects of the molecular and clinical manifestations of the environmental stress on human skin and proposed protective mechanisms that are linked to ethnic differences and pathophysiology of extrinsic skin aging. We subsequently discuss the possible applications and translation of this knowledge into personalized skincare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Markiewicz
- Research & Development, Hexis Lab, Science Central, The Core, Bath Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olusola Clement Idowu
- Research & Development, Hexis Lab, Science Central, The Core, Bath Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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159
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Mujahid N, Liang Y, Murakami R, Choi HG, Dobry AS, Wang J, Suita Y, Weng QY, Allouche J, Kemeny LV, Hermann AL, Roider EM, Gray NS, Fisher DE. A UV-Independent Topical Small-Molecule Approach for Melanin Production in Human Skin. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2177-2184. [PMID: 28614705 PMCID: PMC5549921 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of dark melanin (eumelanin) within human epidermis represents one of the strongest predictors of low skin cancer risk. Topical rescue of eumelanin synthesis, previously achieved in "redhaired" Mc1r-deficient mice, demonstrated significant protection against UV damage. However, application of a topical strategy for human skin pigmentation has not been achieved, largely due to the greater barrier function of human epidermis. Salt-inducible kinase (SIK) has been demonstrated to regulate MITF, the master regulator of pigment gene expression, through its effects on CRTC and CREB activity. Here, we describe the development of small-molecule SIK inhibitors that were optimized for human skin penetration, resulting in MITF upregulation and induction of melanogenesis. When topically applied, pigment production was induced in Mc1r-deficient mice and normal human skin. These findings demonstrate a realistic pathway toward UV-independent topical modulation of human skin pigmentation, potentially impacting UV protection and skin cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisma Mujahid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yanke Liang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryo Murakami
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hwan Geun Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allison S Dobry
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yusuke Suita
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Qing Yu Weng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jennifer Allouche
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lajos V Kemeny
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Andrea L Hermann
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Roider
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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160
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Park JH, Ku HJ, Lee JH, Park JW. IDH2 deficiency accelerates skin pigmentation in mice via enhancing melanogenesis. Redox Biol 2018; 17:16-24. [PMID: 29660504 PMCID: PMC6006679 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a complex biosynthetic pathway regulated by multiple agents, which are involved in the production, transport, and release of melanin. Melanin has diverse roles, including determination of visible skin color and photoprotection. Studies indicate that melanin synthesis is tightly linked to the interaction between melanocytes and keratinocytes. α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is known as a trigger that enhances melanin biosynthesis in melanocytes through paracrine effects. Accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin affects both keratinocytes and melanocytes by causing DNA damage, which eventually leads to the stimulation of α-MSH production. Mitochondria are one of the main sources of ROS in the skin and play a central role in modulating redox-dependent cellular processes such as metabolism and apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction may serve as a key for the pathogenesis of skin melanogenesis. Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) is a key enzyme that regulates mitochondrial redox balance and reduces oxidative stress-induced cell injury through the generation of NADPH. Downregulation of IDH2 expression resulted in an increase in oxidative DNA damage in mice skin through ROS-dependent ATM-mediated p53 signaling. IDH2 deficiency also promoted pigmentation on the dorsal skin of mice, as evident from the elevated levels of melanin synthesis markers. Furthermore, pretreatment with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mito-TEMPO alleviated oxidative DNA damage and melanogenesis induced by IDH2 deficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings highlight the role of IDH2 in skin melanogenesis in association with mitochondrial ROS and suggest unique therapeutic strategies for the prevention of skin pigmentation. Melanogenesis is associated with the production of ROS. IDH2 is an essential enzyme in the mitochondrial antioxidant system. Downregulation of IDH2 induces ROS-dependent ATM-mediated p53 signaling. IDH2 deficiency promotes skin pigmentation. mito-TEMPO alleviates melanogenesis caused by IDH2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Ku
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea.
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161
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Novoselova TV, Chan LF, Clark AJL. Pathophysiology of melanocortin receptors and their accessory proteins. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:93-106. [PMID: 29678289 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin receptors (MCRs) and their accessory proteins (MRAPs) are involved in regulation of a diverse range of endocrine pathways. Genetic variants of these components result in phenotypic variation and disease. The MC1R is expressed in skin and variants in the MC1R gene are associated with ginger hair color. The MC2R mediates the action of ACTH in the adrenal gland to stimulate glucocorticoid production and MC2R mutations result in familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD). MC3R and MC4R are involved in metabolic regulation and their gene variants are associated with severe pediatric obesity, whereas the function of MC5R remains to be fully elucidated. MRAPs have been shown to modulate the function of MCRs and genetic variants in MRAPs are associated with diseases including FGD type 2 and potentially early onset obesity. This review provides an insight into recent advances in MCRs and MRAPs physiology, focusing on the disorders associated with their dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Novoselova
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chartehouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
| | - L F Chan
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chartehouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - A J L Clark
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chartehouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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162
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Antioxidative Effect of Quetiapine on Acute Ultraviolet-B-Induced Skin and HaCaT Cell Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040953. [PMID: 29570608 PMCID: PMC5979463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quetiapine is a new type of antipsychotic drug, with effective protection of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Ultraviolet-B radiation can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in significant inflammatory responses in damaged skin. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore whether quetiapine protects the skin from intermediate-wave ultraviolet (UVB)-induced damage through antioxidant stress. In vivo, we found quetiapine treatment was able to significantly decrease skin thickness, erythema, and edema, as well as inflammation compared to control group. Moreover, quetiapine treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). In addition, it reduced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), a kind of oxidized lipid. In vitro, we found that quetiapine blocked UVB-induced intracellular ROS generation and maintained the cell activity at a normal level. Furthermore, we tested the phosphorylation of p38 both in vivo and in vitro, and we found that quetiapine could inhibit phosphorylation of p38, which is caused by UVB irradiation. We concluded that quetiapine was able to relieve UVB-induced skin damage through its antioxidative properties. These effects might be associated with p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Roider EM, Fisher DE. Red Hair, Light Skin, and UV-Independent Risk for Melanoma Development in Humans. JAMA Dermatol 2018; 152:751-3. [PMID: 27050924 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Roider
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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164
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Choi SY, Bin BH, Kim W, Lee E, Lee TR, Cho EG. Exposure of human melanocytes to UVB twice and subsequent incubation leads to cellular senescence and senescence-associated pigmentation through the prolonged p53 expression. J Dermatol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29525471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a well-known factor in skin aging and pigmentation, and daily exposure to subcytotoxic doses of UVR might accelerate senescence and senescence-associated phenomena in human melanocytes. OBJECTIVE To establish an in vitro melanocyte model to mimic the conditions of repeated exposure to subcytotoxic doses of UVB irradiation and to investigate key factor(s) for melanocyte senescence and senescence-associated phenomena. METHODS Human epidermal melanocytes were exposed twice with 20 mJ/cm2 UVB over a 24-h interval and subsequently cultivated for 2 weeks. Senescent phenotypes were addressed morphologically, and by measuring the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, cell proliferation capacity with cell cycle analysis, and melanin content. RESULTS The established protocol successfully induced melanocyte senescence, and senescent melanocytes accompanied hyperpigmentation. Prolonged expression of p53 was responsible for melanocyte senescence and hyperpigmentation, and treatment with the p53-inhibitor pifithrin-α at 2-weeks post-UVB irradiation, but not at 48 h, significantly reduced melanin content along with decreases in tyrosinase levels. CONCLUSION Melanocyte senescence model will be useful for studying the long-term effects of UVB irradiation and pigmentation relevant to physiological photoaging, and screening compounds effective for senescence-associated p53-mediated pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Yeon Choi
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Ho Bin
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanil Kim
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Lee
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyung Cho
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea.
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165
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Bagati A, Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Moparthy S, Kolesnikova K, Fink EE, Kolesnikova M, Roll MV, Jowdy P, Wolff DW, Polechetti A, Yun DH, Lipchick BC, Paul LM, Wrazen B, Moparthy K, Mudambi S, Morozevich GE, Georgieva SG, Wang J, Shafirstein G, Liu S, Kandel ES, Berman AE, Box NF, Paragh G, Nikiforov MA. FOXQ1 controls the induced differentiation of melanocytic cells. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1040-1049. [PMID: 29463842 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic transcription factor FOXQ1 has been implicated in promotion of multiple transformed phenotypes in carcinoma cells. Recently, we have characterized FOXQ1 as a melanoma tumor suppressor that acts via repression of N-cadherin gene, and invasion and metastasis. Here we report that FOXQ1 induces differentiation in normal and transformed melanocytic cells at least partially via direct transcriptional activation of MITF gene, melanocytic lineage-specific regulator of differentiation. Importantly, we demonstrate that pigmentation induced in cultured melanocytic cells and in mice by activation of cAMP/CREB1 pathway depends in large part on FOXQ1. Moreover, our data reveal that FOXQ1 acts as a critical mediator of BRAFV600E-dependent regulation of MITF levels, thus providing a novel link between two major signal transduction pathways controlling MITF and differentiation in melanocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archis Bagati
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Smith Building, SM-0728, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Sudha Moparthy
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kateryna Kolesnikova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Emily E Fink
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Masha Kolesnikova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Matthew V Roll
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Peter Jowdy
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David W Wolff
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Polechetti
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Yun
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brittany C Lipchick
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Leslie M Paul
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brian Wrazen
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kalyana Moparthy
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shaila Mudambi
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gal Shafirstein
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eugene S Kandel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Albert E Berman
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Neil F Box
- Department of Dermatology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail A Nikiforov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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166
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Kuphal S, Schneider N, Massoumi R, Hellerbrand C, Bosserhoff AK. UVB radiation represses CYLD expression in melanocytes. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:7262-7268. [PMID: 29344161 PMCID: PMC5754916 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD) was originally identified as a tumor suppressor that is mutated in familial cylindromatosis. Unlike in cylindromatosis, downregulation of the deubiquitinase CYLD in melanoma, a highly aggressive tumor, is not caused by mutations in the CYLD gene, but rather by a constitutive and high expression of the snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAIL1). A reduced CYLD level leads to B-cell lymphoma-3/p50/p52-dependent nuclear factor-κB activation, which in turn triggers the expression of genes such as cyclin D1 and N-cadherin. Elevated levels of cyclin D1 and N-cadherin promote melanoma proliferation and invasion. By analyzing the regulation of CYLD expression in melanocytes, the present study identified a signaling pathway that is regulated in response to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in melanocytes. UVB light leads to an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated induction of SNAIL1 and subsequent downregulation of CYLD expression in normal human epithelial melanocytes. The UVB-mediated suppression of CYLD in melanocytes may have a key role in the reaction to UV stimuli, and may also potentially be involved in the early malignant transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kuphal
- Emil-Fischer-Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadja Schneider
- Emil-Fischer-Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Emil-Fischer-Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Emil-Fischer-Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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167
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Ko GA, Shrestha S, Kim Cho S. Sageretia thea fruit extracts rich in methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate downregulate melanogenesis via the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:3-12. [PMID: 29399291 PMCID: PMC5792254 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sageretia thea is traditionally used as a medicinal herb to treat various diseases, including skin disorders, in China and Korea. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Sageretia thea fruit on melanogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The active chemical compounds in anti-melanogenesis were determined in
Sageretia thea. MATERIALS/METHODS Solvent fractions from the crude extract were investigated for anti-melanogenic activities. These activities and the mechanism of anti-melanogenesis in B16F10 cells were examined by determining melanin content and tyrosinase activity, and by performing western blotting. RESULTS The n-hexane fraction of Sageretia thea fruit (HFSF) exhibited significant anti-melanogenic activity among the various solvent fractions without reducing viability of B16F10 cells. The HFSF suppressed the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1). The reduction of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression by the HFSF was mediated by the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) signaling pathway, which promotes the reduction of β-catenin. Treatment with the GSK3β inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) restored HFSF-induced inhibition of MITF expression. The HFSF bioactive constituents responsible for anti-melanogenic activity were identified by bioassay-guided fractionation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis as methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that HFSF and its constituents, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, could be used as whitening agents in cosmetics and have potential for treating hyperpigmentation disorders in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-A Ko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, 102, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Sabina Shrestha
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, 102, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Korea.,Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.,Subtropical Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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168
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Chen J, OuYang H, An X, Liu S. Vault RNAs partially induces drug resistance of human tumor cells MCF-7 by binding to the RNA/DNA-binding protein PSF and inducing oncogene GAGE6. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191325. [PMID: 29346433 PMCID: PMC5773200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vault is the largest nonicosahedral cytosolic nucleoprotein particle, which is widely involved in induction of chemoresistance and lead to failure in long-term chemotherapy. Vault contains three different major vault proteins (MVPs) and four vault RNAs paralogues (vtRNAs, vtRNA1-1, vtRNA1-2, vtRNA1-3 and vtRNA2-1). Disruption of the MVPs do not induce hypersensitivity while expression of vtRNAs contributes to cells' drug resistance, indicates that vtRNAs, but not MVPs play an important role in causing drug resistance. Polypyrimidine tract binding protein associated splicing factor (PSF) contributes to cell sensitivity to chemotherapy by its transcriptional activity, promotes us to figure out its potential association with vtRNAs. METHODS We investigate the interaction between PSF and vtRNAs by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and RNA-immunoprecipitation (IP), and showed the binding between PSF and vtRNAs. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed to detect the effects of vtRNAs on the interaction of PSF with GAGE6 promoter. The role of vtRNAs on chemoresistance in MCF-7 was detected by CCK-8 and EdU staining. The independent role of vtRNAs with MVP is detected by MVP or vtRNAs knockdown. RESULTS The complex with vtRNA1-1 releases PSF, allowing transcription of GAGE6 to proceed. Then we showed that induction of GAGE6 caused drug resistance by promoting cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar. Ectopic expression of shRNA targets to vtRNA1-1 further confirmed the role of vtRNA1-1 in regulating PSF transcriptional activity independent with the expression of MVP. By vtRNA1-1 or MVP knockdown, it is revealed that vtRNA1-1 caused chemoresistance independent of MVP. Furthermore, knockdown of GAGE6 does not cause drug resistance, indicates the GAGE6 is directly involved in cell proliferation, but not the drug resistance. CONCLUSION These results suggest that vtRNAs regulates cell proliferation, drug resistance, and possibly other physiological processes of humans, by complex formation with PSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- Department of E.N.T., West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui OuYang
- Department of E.N.T., the First People’s Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China
| | - Xuemei An
- Department of neurology, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Department of E.N.T., West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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169
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Zhu B, Chen S, Wang H, Yin C, Han C, Peng C, Liu Z, Wan L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Lian CG, Ma P, Xu ZX, Prince S, Wang T, Gao X, Shi Y, Liu D, Liu M, Wei W, Wei Z, Pan J, Wang Y, Xuan Z, Hess J, Hayward NK, Goding CR, Chen X, Zhou J, Cui R. The protective role of DOT1L in UV-induced melanomagenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:259. [PMID: 29343685 PMCID: PMC5772495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The DOT1L histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase plays an oncogenic role in MLL-rearranged leukemogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to MLL-rearranged leukemia, DOT1L plays a protective role in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced melanoma development. Specifically, the DOT1L gene is located in a frequently deleted region and undergoes somatic mutation in human melanoma. Specific mutations functionally compromise DOT1L methyltransferase enzyme activity leading to reduced H3K79 methylation. Importantly, in the absence of DOT1L, UVR-induced DNA damage is inefficiently repaired, so that DOT1L loss promotes melanoma development in mice after exposure to UVR. Mechanistically, DOT1L facilitates DNA damage repair, with DOT1L-methylated H3K79 involvement in binding and recruiting XPC to the DNA damage site for nucleotide excision repair (NER). This study indicates that DOT1L plays a protective role in UVR-induced melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Shuyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Dermatology & China Hunan key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Hongshen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengqian Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Changpeng Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology & China Hunan key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Dermatology & China Hunan key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Department of Pathology, The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peilin Ma
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Fairbanks 6200, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300193, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300193, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujiang Shi
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- Cancer Pharmacology Research Institute, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jay Hess
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Fairbanks 6200, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane City, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology & China Hunan key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Rutao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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170
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Ko GA, Kim Cho S. Ethyl linoleate inhibits α-MSH-induced melanogenesis through Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signal pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 22:53-61. [PMID: 29302212 PMCID: PMC5746512 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl linoleate is an unsaturated fatty acid used in many cosmetics for its various attributes, such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and clinically proven to be an effective anti-acne agent. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethyl linoleate on the melanogenesis and the mechanism underlying its action on melanogenesis in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Our results revealed that ethyl linoleate significantly inhibited melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-induced B16F10 cells, but it did not directly inhibit activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Ethyl linoleate inhibited the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) in governing melanin pigment synthesis. We observed that ethyl linoleate inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and reduced the level of β-catenin, suggesting that ethyl linoleate inhibits melanogenesis through Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signal pathway. Therefore, we propose that ethyl linoleate may be useful as a safe whitening agent in cosmetic and a potential therapeutic agent for reducing skin hyperpigmentation in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-A Ko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.,Subtropical Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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171
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Lerche CM, Togsverd-Bo K, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC. Impact of UVR Exposure Pattern on Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Dose-Delivery and Dose-Response Study in Pigmented Hairless Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122738. [PMID: 29258202 PMCID: PMC5751339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative lifetime ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important factor in the development of squamous cell carcinoma. This study examines the impact of UVR exposure pattern on tumor development. Hairless C3.Cg/TifBomTac immunocompetent pigmented mice (n = 351) were irradiated with 12 standard erythema doses (SED)/week, given as 2 SED ×6, 3 SED ×4, 4 SED ×3, or 6 SED ×2 (dose-delivery study) or 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2, 3 or 4 SED ×3/week (dose-response study). All mice were irradiated until development of 3 tumors of 4 mm each. Pigmentation was measured once monthly. In the dose-delivery study, the median time until tumor development was independent of dose fractions. In the dose-response study, higher UVR doses resulted in faster tumor appearance. When the weekly UVR dose was decreased from 12 to 6 SED, the cumulative UVR dose needed for tumor development was reduced by 40%. In conclusion, delivery schedules of a fixed weekly UVR dose did not affect tumor development. When using different weekly UVR doses, longer time to tumor development was observed using lower UVR doses. Lower weekly UVR doses however resulted in lower cumulative UVR doses to induce tumors in hairless pigmented mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Katrine Togsverd-Bo
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Peter A Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Li R, Luo X, Zhu Y, Zhao L, Li L, Peng Q, Ma M, Gao Y. ATM signals to AMPK to promote autophagy and positively regulate DNA damage in response to cadmium-induced ROS in mouse spermatocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1560-1568. [PMID: 28964605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal and harmful to human health due to its ability to accumulate in organs. Previous studies have shown that Cd can induce DNA damage and autophagy. Autophagy can stabilize genetic material and DNA integrity. The aim of the present study was to determine the exact mechanism and role of autophagy induced by Cd in spermatozoa cells. Mouse spermatocyte-derived cells (GC-2) were treated with 20 μM Cd chloride for 24 h. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, autophagy and the expression of the molecular signaling pathway ATM/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR were determined. The results showed that Cd induced autophagy and DNA damage in GC-2 cells via ROS generation, and the autophagy signal pathway AMPK/mTOR was activated by ATM which is a DNA damage sensor. Melatonin, a well-known antioxidant, ameliorated DNA damage, and inhibited autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signal pathway. Furthermore, after inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of AMPKα, increased DNA damage by Cd treatment was observed in GC-2 cells. These findings demonstrated the protective role of autophagy in DNA damage and suggested that the mechanism of autophagy induced by Cd was through the ATM/AMPK/mTOR signal pathway in spermatozoa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyan Li
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijian Zhu
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Letian Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianbing Li
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Beibei District of Chongqing Municipal Public Security Bureau of Interpol Detachment, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Mingfu Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yanfei Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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173
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Moran B, Silva R, Perry AS, Gallagher WM. Epigenetics of malignant melanoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:80-88. [PMID: 29074395 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with malignant melanoma generally have a good prognosis if the disease presents prior to metastasis. Due to progress with targeted and immunotherapies, the median survival of metastatic melanoma patients is now over 2 years. The disease is characterised by one of the highest somatic mutation rates observed amongst cancer types, with a specific mutational signature based on UV radiation damage evident. Highly prevalent mutations, such as the BRAFV600E, in the MAPK cascade indicate truncal involvement of this pathway in the earliest stage of melanoma. The molecular sub-classification of melanoma based on genetic alterations is now well established. This has paved the way for researchers in epigenetics to investigate specific pathways of known importance, and the involvement of the diverse range of epigenetic mechanisms. Herein, we review the literature to highlight that epigenetic alterations are integrally involved in this malignancy. We focus on the most current evidence around the epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation and demethylation including 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine; histone post-translational modifications including variant histones; chromatin remodelling complexes and in particular the polycomb-repressive complex PRC2 and its histone methyltransferase subunit EZH2; and non-coding RNAs. Each mechanism is described generally, studies involving melanoma are assessed and clinical relevance is highlighted where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Moran
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Romina Silva
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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175
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CK1α ablation in keratinocytes induces p53-dependent, sunburn-protective skin hyperpigmentation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8035-E8044. [PMID: 28878021 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702763114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a component of the β-catenin destruction complex, is a critical regulator of Wnt signaling; its ablation induces both Wnt and p53 activation. To characterize the role of CK1α (encoded by Csnk1a1) in skin physiology, we crossed mice harboring floxed Csnk1a1 with mice expressing K14-Cre-ERT2 to generate mice in which tamoxifen induces the deletion of Csnk1a1 exclusively in keratinocytes [single-knockout (SKO) mice]. As expected, CK1α loss was accompanied by β-catenin and p53 stabilization, with the preferential induction of p53 target genes, but phenotypically most striking was hyperpigmentation of the skin, importantly without tumorigenesis, for at least 9 mo after Csnk1a1 ablation. The number of epidermal melanocytes and eumelanin levels were dramatically increased in SKO mice. To clarify the putative role of p53 in epidermal hyperpigmentation, we established K14-Cre-ERT2 CK1α/p53 double-knockout (DKO) mice and found that coablation failed to induce epidermal hyperpigmentation, demonstrating that it was p53-dependent. Transcriptome analysis of the epidermis revealed p53-dependent up-regulation of Kit ligand (KitL). SKO mice treated with ACK2 (a Kit-neutralizing antibody) or imatinib (a Kit inhibitor) abrogated the CK1α ablation-induced hyperpigmentation, demonstrating that it requires the KitL/Kit pathway. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), a precursor of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), was not activated in the CK1α ablation-induced hyperpigmentation, which is in contrast to the mechanism of p53-dependent UV tanning. Nevertheless, acute sunburn effects were successfully prevented in the hyperpigmented skin of SKO mice. CK1α inhibition induces skin-protective eumelanin but no carcinogenic pheomelanin and may therefore constitute an effective strategy for safely increasing eumelanin via UV-independent pathways, protecting against acute sunburn.
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176
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Chen S, Zhu B, Yin C, Liu W, Han C, Chen B, Liu T, Li X, Chen X, Li C, Hu L, Zhou J, Xu ZX, Gao X, Wu X, Goding CR, Cui R. Palmitoylation-dependent activation of MC1R prevents melanomagenesis. Nature 2017; 549:399-403. [PMID: 28869973 PMCID: PMC5902815 DOI: 10.1038/nature23887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), a G protein-coupled receptor, plays a crucial role in human and mouse pigmentation1–8. Activation of MC1R in melanocytes by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)9 stimulates cAMP signaling and melanin production and enhances DNA repair after UV irradiation (UVR)10–16. Individuals carrying MC1R variants, especially those associated with red hair color, fair skin and poor tanning ability (RHC-variants), are associated with higher risk of melanoma5,17,18,19,20. However, how MC1R activity might be modulated by UV irradiation, why redheads are more prone to developing melanoma, and whether the activity of RHC variants might be restored for therapeutic benefit remain unresolved questions. Here we demonstrate a potential MC1R-targeted intervention strategy to rescue loss-of-function MC1R in MC1R RHC-variants for therapeutic benefit based on activating MC1R protein palmitoylation. Specifically, MC1R palmitoylation, primarily mediated by the protein-acyl transferase (PAT) ZDHHC13, is essential for activating MC1R signaling that triggers increased pigmentation, UVB-induced G1-like cell cycle arrest and control of senescence and melanomagenesis in vitro and in vivo. Using C57BL/6J-MC1Re/eJ mice expressing MC1R RHC-variants we show that pharmacological activation of palmitoylation rescues the defects of MC1R RHC-variants and prevents melanomagenesis. The results highlight a central role for MC1R palmitoylation in pigmentation and protection against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Chengqian Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Changpeng Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Baoen Chen
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis/Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Limin Hu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rutao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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177
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Regazzetti C, Sormani L, Debayle D, Bernerd F, Tulic MK, De Donatis GM, Chignon-Sicard B, Rocchi S, Passeron T. Melanocytes Sense Blue Light and Regulate Pigmentation through Opsin-3. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:171-178. [PMID: 28842328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The shorter wavelengths of the visible light spectrum have been recently reported to induce a long-lasting hyperpigmentation but only in melano-competent individuals. Here, we provide evidence showing that OPN3 is the key sensor in melanocytes responsible for hyperpigmentation induced by the shorter wavelengths of visible light. The melanogenesis induced through OPN3 is calcium dependent and further activates CAMKII followed by CREB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38, leading to the phosphorylation of MITF and ultimately to the increase of the melanogenesis enzymes: tyrosinase and dopachrome tautomerase. Furthermore, blue light induces the formation of a protein complex that we showed to be formed by tyrosinase and dopachrome tautomerase. This multimeric tyrosinase/tyrosinase-related protein complex is mainly formed in dark-skinned melanocytes and induces a sustained tyrosinase activity, thus explaining the long-lasting hyperpigmentation that is observed only in skin type III and higher after blue light irradiation. OPN3 thus functions as the sensor for visible light pigmentation. OPN3 and the multimeric tyrosinase/tyrosinase-related protein complex induced after its activation appear as new potential targets for regulating melanogenesis but also to protect dark skins against blue light in physiological conditions and in pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Regazzetti
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), team 12, Nice, France
| | - Laura Sormani
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), team 12, Nice, France
| | - Delphine Debayle
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Nice University, France
| | | | - Meri K Tulic
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), team 12, Nice, France
| | - Gian Marco De Donatis
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), team 12, Nice, France
| | | | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), team 1, Nice, France
| | - Thierry Passeron
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), team 12, Nice, France; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Nice, France.
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178
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Fischer M. Census and evaluation of p53 target genes. Oncogene 2017; 36:3943-3956. [PMID: 28288132 PMCID: PMC5511239 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 functions primarily as a transcription factor. Mutation of the TP53 gene alters its response pathway, and is central to the development of many cancers. The discovery of a large number of p53 target genes, which confer p53's tumor suppressor function, has led to increasingly complex models of p53 function. Recent meta-analysis approaches, however, are simplifying our understanding of how p53 functions as a transcription factor. In the survey presented here, a total set of 3661 direct p53 target genes is identified that comprise 3509 potential targets from 13 high-throughput studies, and 346 target genes from individual gene analyses. Comparison of the p53 target genes reported in individual studies with those identified in 13 high-throughput studies reveals limited consistency. Here, p53 target genes have been evaluated based on the meta-analysis data, and the results show that high-confidence p53 target genes are involved in multiple cellular responses, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, autophagy, mRNA translation and feedback mechanisms. However, many p53 target genes are identified only in a small number of studies and have a higher likelihood of being false positives. While numerous mechanisms have been proposed for mediating gene regulation in response to p53, recent advances in our understanding of p53 function show that p53 itself is solely an activator of transcription, and gene downregulation by p53 is indirect and requires p21. Taking into account the function of p53 as an activator of transcription, recent results point to an unsophisticated means of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fischer
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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179
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Subhashree M, Venkateswarlu R, Karthik K, Shangamithra V, Venkatachalam P. DNA damage and the bystander response in tumor and normal cells exposed to X-rays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 821:20-27. [PMID: 28735740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer and suspension cultures of tumor (BMG-1, CCRF-CEM), normal (AG1522, HADF, lymphocytes) and ATM-mutant (GM4405) human cells were exposed to X-rays at doses used in radiotherapy (high dose and high dose-rate) or radiological imaging (low dose and low dose-rate). Radiation-induced DNA damage, its persistence, and possible bystander effects were evaluated, based on DNA damage markers (γ-H2AX, p53ser15) and cell-cycle-specific cyclins (cyclin B1 and cyclin D1). Dose-dependent DNA damage and a dose-independent bystander response were seen after exposure to high dose and high dose-rate radiation. The level of induced damage (expression of p53ser15, γ-H2AX) depended on ATM status. However, low dose and dose-rate exposures neither increased expression of marker proteins nor induced a bystander response, except in the CCRF-CEM cells. Bystander effects after high-dose irradiation may contribute to stochastic and deterministic effects. Precautions to protect unexposed regions or to inhibit transmission of DNA damage signaling might reduce radiation risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Subhashree
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - R Venkateswarlu
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - K Karthik
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - V Shangamithra
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - P Venkatachalam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India.
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180
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Kim KI, Jeong HB, Ro H, Lee JH, Kim CD, Yoon TJ. Inhibitory effect of 5-iodotubercidin on pigmentation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1282-1286. [PMID: 28684314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Melanin pigments are the primary contributors for the skin color. They are produced in melanocytes and then transferred to keratinocytes, eventually giving various colors on skin surface. Although many depigmenting and/or skin-lightening agents have been developed, there is still a growing demand on materials for reducing pigmentation. We attempted to find materials for depigmentation and/or skin-lightening using the small molecule compounds commercially available, and found that 5-iodotubercidin had inhibitory potential on pigmentation. When HM3KO melanoma cells were treated with 5-iodotubercidin, pigmentation was dramatically reduced. The 5-iodotubercidin decreased the protein level for pigmentation-related molecules such as MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1. In addition, 5-iodotubercidin decreased the phosphorylation of CREB, while increased the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. These data suggest that 5-iodotubercidin inhibits melanogenesis via the regulation of intracellular signaling related with pigmentation. Finally, 5-iodotubercidin markedly inhibited the melanogenesis of zebrafish embryos, an in vivo evaluation model for pigmentation. Together, these data suggest that 5-iodotubercidin can be developed as a depigmenting and/or skin-lightening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Il Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Bong Jeong
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Skin Med Co., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Yoon
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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181
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Stapleton JL, Hillhouse J, Levonyan-Radloff K, Manne SL. Review of interventions to reduce ultraviolet tanning: Need for treatments targeting excessive tanning, an emerging addictive behavior. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2017. [PMID: 28639816 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Millions of Americans engage in tanning each year, defined as intentional ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure in the form of sunbathing or the use of indoor tanning beds. An emerging body of research suggests that UVR has addictive properties and some tanners engage in excessive tanning. This article provides an overview of the evidence of tanning addiction and a systematic review of existing tanning interventions with the goal of evaluating their potential to impact addicted tanners. Our search identified 24 intervention studies that were summarized and discussed according to 3 primary themes. First, there is a dearth of tanning interventions that target excessive tanning or are designed as treatments for tanning addiction. Second, tanning interventions are primarily educational interventions designed to increase knowledge of the risks of tanning. Third, there are notable aspects of existing tanning interventions that are relevant to addiction science, including the use of brief motivational and cognitive-behavioral-based interventions. Future directions are considered including recommendations for utilizing the existing evidence base to formulate interventions targeting excessive tanners. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod L Stapleton
- Division of Population Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
| | - Joel Hillhouse
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, East Tennessee State University College of Public Health
| | | | - Sharon L Manne
- Division of Population Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
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182
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Byrne EH, Fisher DE. Immune and molecular correlates in melanoma treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Cancer 2017; 123:2143-2153. [PMID: 28543699 PMCID: PMC5445935 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma has a decades-long history, and the relatively recent use of checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized treatment. Durable and sometimes complete remission of metastatic melanoma is now achievable in some patients who receive checkpoint-blocking therapy. However, it is unclear why some patients fare better than others. This review highlights several molecular indicators of response to checkpoint inhibition in metastatic melanoma, focusing on tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression, major histocompatibility complex class I expression, mutational load in the tumor, and T-cell infiltration into the tumor. In addition, clinical correlates of response, notably vitiligo and other immune-related adverse events, can potentially shed light on the mechanisms by which checkpoint blockade may achieve such great success, particularly in melanoma. The authors propose that microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-a key regulator of melanocyte survival, melanin production, and melanoma transformation-produces a molecular landscape in melanocytes and melanoma cells that can make melanomas particularly susceptible to checkpoint blockade and also can result in immune attack on normal melanocytes. Cancer 2017;123:2143-53. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Byrne
- Department of Dermatology and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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183
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The master role of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanocyte and melanoma biology. J Transl Med 2017; 97:649-656. [PMID: 28263292 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain transcription factors have vital roles in lineage development, including specification of cell types and control of differentiation. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a key transcription factor for melanocyte development and differentiation. MITF regulates expression of numerous pigmentation genes to promote melanocyte differentiation, as well as fundamental genes for maintaining cell homeostasis, including genes encoding proteins involved in apoptosis (eg, BCL2) and the cell cycle (eg, CDK2). Loss-of-function mutations of MITF cause Waardenburg syndrome type IIA, whose phenotypes include depigmentation due to melanocyte loss, whereas amplification or specific mutation of MITF can be an oncogenic event that is seen in a subset of familial or sporadic melanomas. In this article, we review basic features of MITF biological function and highlight key unresolved questions regarding this remarkable transcription factor.
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184
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Vargas AJ, Sittadjody S, Thangasamy T, Mendoza EE, Limesand KH, Burd R. Exploiting Tyrosinase Expression and Activity in Melanocytic Tumors. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 10:328-40. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735410391661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive tumor that expresses the pigmentation enzyme tyrosinase. Tyrosinase expression increases during tumorigenesis, which could allow for selective treatment of this tumor type by strategies that use tyrosinase activity. Approaches targeting tyrosinase would involve gene transcription or signal transduction pathways mediated by p53 in a direct or indirect manner. Two pathways are proposed for exploiting tyrosinase expression: ( a) a p53-dependent pathway leading to apoptosis or arrest and ( b) a reactive oxygen species–mediated induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in p53 mutant tumors. Both strategies could use tyrosinase-mediated activation of quercetin, a dietary polyphenol that induces the expression of p53 and modulates reactive oxygen species. In addition to antitumor signaling properties, activation of quercetin could complement conventional cancer therapy by the induction of phase II detoxification enzymes resulting in p53 stabilization and transduction of its downstream targets. In conclusion, recent advances in tyrosinase enzymology, prodrug chemistry, and modern chemotherapeutics present an intriguing and selective multitherapy targeting system where dietary bioflavonoids could be used to complement conventional cancer treatments.
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185
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de Gruijl FR. UV adaptation: Pigmentation and protection against overexposure. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:557-562. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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186
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Wolf Horrell EM, Jarrett SG, Carter KM, D'Orazio JA. Divergence of cAMP signalling pathways mediating augmented nucleotide excision repair and pigment induction in melanocytes. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:577-584. [PMID: 28094871 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms are common in UV-sensitive fair-skinned individuals and are associated with blunted cAMP second messenger signalling and higher lifetime risk of melanoma because of diminished ability of melanocytes to cope with UV damage. cAMP signalling positions melanocytes to resist UV injury by upregulating synthesis of UV-blocking eumelanin pigment and by enhancing the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. cAMP enhances melanocyte nucleotide excision repair (NER), the genome maintenance pathway responsible for the removal of mutagenic UV photolesions, through cAMP-activated protein kinase (protein kinase A)-mediated phosphorylation of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) protein on the S435 residue. We investigated the interdependence of cAMP-mediated melanin upregulation and cAMP-enhanced DNA repair in primary human melanocytes and a melanoma cell line. We observed that the ATR-dependent molecular pathway linking cAMP signalling to the NER pathway is independent of MITF activation. Similarly, cAMP-mediated upregulation of pigment synthesis is independent of ATR, suggesting that the key molecular events driving MC1R-mediated enhancement of genome maintenance (eg PKA-mediated phosphorylation of ATR) and MC1R-induced pigment induction (eg MITF activation) are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Wolf Horrell
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stuart G Jarrett
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Katharine M Carter
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John A D'Orazio
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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187
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Melanin and lipofuscin as hallmarks of skin aging. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:97-103. [PMID: 28507486 PMCID: PMC5420599 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2017.67070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoloration are symptoms of skin aging. They are connected with presence of melanin and lipofuscin, whose excess and abnormal distribution in the skin cause dark spots to appear. Melanin is formed under the influence of tyrosinase during melanogenesis. Its content changes with age, which may be a result of menopause. Lipofuscin is another example of the age pigment. It is composed of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. It is described as an age pigment because its content increases with age. The formation and accumulation of lipofuscin is inevitable and leads to cell and homeostasis dysfunction because it reduces the proteasome activity.
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188
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Zhou D, Kuang Z, Zeng X, Wang K, Ma J, Luo H, Chen M, Li Y, Zeng J, Li S, Luan F, He Y, Dai H, Liu B, Li H, He L, Xing Q. p53 regulates ERK1/2/CREB cascade via a novel SASH1/MAP2K2 crosstalk to induce hyperpigmentation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2465-2480. [PMID: 28382689 PMCID: PMC5618682 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that three point mutations in SASH1 and mutated SASH1 promote melanocyte migration in dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) and a novel p53/POMC/Gαs/SASH1 autoregulatory positive feedback loop is regulated by SASH1 mutations to induce pathological hyperpigmentation phenotype. However, the underlying mechanism of molecular regulation to cause this hyperpigmentation disorder still remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism undergirding hyperpigmentation in the dyschromatosis disorder. Our results revealed that SASH1 binds with MAP2K2 and is induced by p53-POMC-MC1R signal cascade to enhance the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 and CREB. Moreover, increase in phosphorylated ERK1/2 and CREB levels and melanogenesis-specific molecules is induced by mutated SASH1 alleles. Together, our results suggest that a novel SASH1/MAP2K2 crosstalk connects ERK1/2/CREB cascade with p53-POMC-MC1R cascade to cause hyperpigmentation phenotype of DUH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding'an Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongshu Kuang
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangshu Ma
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huangchao Luo
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Dujiangyan People's Hospital, Cheng du, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujun Luan
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong He
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongying Dai
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, the First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Lin He
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institute, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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189
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Activated MEK cooperates with Cdkn2a and Pten loss to promote the development and maintenance of melanoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:3842-3851. [PMID: 28263969 PMCID: PMC5501768 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of targeted inhibitors, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, has led to improved clinical outcome for melanoma patients with BRAFV600E mutations. Although the initial response to these inhibitors can be dramatic, sometimes causing complete tumor regression, the majority of melanomas eventually become resistant. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) mutations are found in primary melanomas and frequently reported in BRAF melanomas that develop resistance to targeted therapy; however, melanoma is a molecularly heterogeneous cancer, and which mutations are drivers and which are passengers remains to be determined. In this study, we demonstrate that in BRAFV600E melanoma cell lines, activating MEK mutations drive resistance and contribute to suboptimal growth of melanoma cells following the withdrawal of BRAF inhibition. In this manner, the cells are drug-addicted, suggesting that melanoma cells evolve a ‘just right’ level of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and the additive effects of MEK and BRAF mutations are counterproductive. We also used a novel mouse model of melanoma to demonstrate that several of these MEK mutants promote the development, growth and maintenance of melanoma in vivo in the context of Cdkn2a and Pten loss. By utilizing a genetic approach to control mutant MEK expression in vivo, we were able to induce tumor regression and significantly increase survival; however, after a long latency, all tumors subsequently became resistant. These data suggest that resistance to BRAF or MEK inhibitors is probably inevitable, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed to target dormant tumors.
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190
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Herraiz C, Garcia-Borron JC, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Olivares C. MC1R signaling. Intracellular partners and pathophysiological implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2448-2461. [PMID: 28259754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) preferentially expressed in melanocytes is best known as a key regulator of the synthesis of epidermal melanin pigments. Its paracrine stimulation by keratinocyte-derived melanocortins also activates DNA repair pathways and antioxidant defenses to build a complex, multifaceted photoprotective response. Many MC1R actions rely on cAMP-dependent activation of two transcription factors, MITF and PGC1α, but pleiotropic MC1R signaling also involves activation of mitogen-activated kinases and AKT. MC1R partners such as β-arrestins, PTEN and the E3 ubiquitin ligase MGRN1 differentially regulate these pathways. The MC1R gene is complex and polymorphic, with frequent variants associated with skin phenotypes and increased cancer risk. We review current knowledge of signaling from canonical MC1R, its splice isoforms and natural polymorphic variants. Recently discovered intracellular targets and partners are also discussed, to highlight the diversity of mechanisms that may contribute to normal and pathological variation of pigmentation and sensitivity to solar radiation-induced damage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Melanocortin Receptors - edited by Ya-Xiong Tao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose C Garcia-Borron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Conchi Olivares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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191
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Li WQ, E McGeary J, Cho E, Flint A, Wu S, Ascherio A, Rimm E, Field A, A Qureshi A. Indoor tanning bed use and risk of food addiction based on the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:31-39. [PMID: 28808183 PMCID: PMC5274510 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The popularity of indoor tanning may be partly attributed to the addictive characteristics of tanning for some individuals. We aimed to determine the association between frequent indoor tanning, which we view as a surrogate for tanning addiction, and food addiction. A total of 67,910 women were included from the Nurses’ Health Study II. In 2005, we collected information on indoor tanning during high school/college and age 25-35 years, and calculated the average use of indoor tanning during these periods. Food addiction was defined as ≥3 clinically significant symptoms plus clinically significant impairment or distress, assessed in 2009 using a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Totally 23.3% (15,822) of the participants reported indoor tanning at high school/college or age 25-35 years. A total of 5,557 (8.2%) women met the criteria for food addiction. We observed a dose–response relationship between frequency of indoor tanning and the likelihood of food addiction (Ptrend < 0.0001), independent of depression, BMI, and other confounders. Compared with never indoor tanners, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of food addiction was 1.07 (0.99-1.17) for average indoor tanning 1-2 times/year, 1.25 (1.09-1.43) for 3-5 times/year, 1.34 (1.14-1.56) for 6-11 times/year, 1.61 (1.35-1.91) for 12-23 times/year, and 2.98 (1.95-4.57) for 24 or more times/year. Frequent indoor tanning before or at early adulthood is associated with prevalence of food addiction at middle age. Our data support the addictive property of frequent indoor tanning, which may guide intervention strategies to curb indoor tanning and prevent skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women
| | - Alan Flint
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Eric Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alison Field
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States;Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States;Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States;Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States;Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States
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192
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Kuo YH, Chen CC, Wu PY, Wu CS, Sung PJ, Lin CY, Chiang HM. N-(4-methoxyphenyl) caffeamide-induced melanogenesis inhibition mechanisms. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:71. [PMID: 28114924 PMCID: PMC5259883 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The derivative of caffeamide exhibits antioxidant and antityrosinase activity. The activity and mechanism of N-(4-methoxyphenyl) caffeamide (K36E) on melanogenesis was investigated. Methods B16F0 cells were treated with various concentrations of K36E; the melanin contents and related signal transduction were studied. Western blotting assay was applied to determine the protein expression, and spectrophotometry was performed to identify the tyrosinase activity and melanin content. Results Our results indicated that K36E reduced α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in B16F0 cells. In addition, K36E inhibited the expression of phospho-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element-binding protein, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). K36E activated the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), leading to the inhibition of MITF transcription activity. K36E attenuated α-MSH induced cAMP pathways, contributing to hypopigmentation. Conclusions K36E regulated melanin synthesis through reducing the expression of downstream proteins including p-CREB, p-AKT, p-GSK3β, tyrosinase, and TRP-1, and activated the transcription factor, MITF. K36E may have the potential to be developed as a skin whitening agent.
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193
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders. Clin Pharmacokinet 2017; 56:815-823. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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194
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Li WQ, Cho E, Han J, Wu S, Qureshi AA. Pigmentary traits and use of indoor tanning beds in a cohort of women. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:526-530. [PMID: 27377530 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W-Q Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A
| | - E Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - J Han
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | - S Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A
| | - A A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
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195
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Zhou D, Wei Z, Kuang Z, Luo H, Ma J, Zeng X, Wang K, Liu B, Gong F, Wang J, Lei S, Wang D, Zeng J, Wang T, He Y, Yuan Y, Dai H, He L, Xing Q. A novel P53/POMC/Gαs/SASH1 autoregulatory feedback loop activates mutated SASH1 to cause pathologic hyperpigmentation. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:802-815. [PMID: 27885802 PMCID: PMC5345616 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
p53-Transcriptional-regulated proteins interact with a large number of other signal transduction pathways in the cell, and a number of positive and negative autoregulatory feedback loops act upon the p53 response. P53 directly controls the POMC/α-MSH productions induced by ultraviolet (UV) and is associated with UV-independent pathological pigmentation. When identifying the causative gene of dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH), we found three mutations encoding amino acid substitutions in the gene SAM and SH3 domain containing 1 (SASH1), and SASH1 was associated with guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit-alpha isoforms short (Gαs). However, the pathological gene and pathological mechanism of DUH remain unknown for about 90 years. We demonstrate that SASH1 is physiologically induced by p53 upon UV stimulation and SASH and p53 is reciprocally induced at physiological and pathophysiological conditions. SASH1 is regulated by a novel p53/POMC/α-MSH/Gαs/SASH1 cascade to mediate melanogenesis. A novel p53/POMC/Gαs/SASH1 autoregulatory positive feedback loop is regulated by SASH1 mutations to induce pathological hyperpigmentation phenotype. Our study demonstrates that a novel p53/POMC/Gαs/SASH1 autoregulatory positive feedback loop is regulated by SASH1 mutations to induce pathological hyperpigmentation phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding'an Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Bio-X Institute, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongshu Kuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huangchao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangshu Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanchuan Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Dujiangyan People's Hospital, Cheng du, Sichuan, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongying Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institute, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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196
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Jarrett SG, D'Orazio JA. Hormonal Regulation of the Repair of UV Photoproducts in Melanocytes by the Melanocortin Signaling Axis. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:245-258. [PMID: 27645605 DOI: 10.1111/php.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer because of its propensity to spread beyond the primary site of disease and because it resists many forms of treatment. Incidence of melanoma has been increasing for decades. Although ultraviolet radiation (UV) has been identified as the most important environmental causative factor for melanoma development, UV-protective strategies have had limited efficacy in melanoma prevention. UV mutational burden correlates with melanoma development and tumor progression, underscoring the importance of UV in melanomagenesis. However, besides amount of UV exposure, melanocyte UV mutational load is influenced by the robustness of nucleotide excision repair, the genome maintenance pathway charged with removing UV photoproducts before they cause permanent mutations in the genome. In this review, we highlight the importance of the melanocortin hormonal signaling axis on regulating efficiency of nucleotide excision repair in melanocytes. By understanding the molecular mechanisms by which nucleotide excision repair can be increased, it may be possible to prevent many cases of melanoma by reducing UV mutational burden over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Jarrett
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - John A D'Orazio
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
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197
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Theory-Driven Longitudinal Study Exploring Indoor Tanning Initiation in Teens Using a Person-Centered Approach. Ann Behav Med 2016; 50:48-57. [PMID: 26370893 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-015-9731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Younger indoor tanning initiation leads to greater melanoma risk due to more frequent and persistent behavior. Despite this, there are no published studies exploring the predictors of indoor tanning initiation in teen populations. PURPOSE This longitudinal study uses latent profile analysis to examine indoor tanning initiation in indoor tanning risk subgroups from a national sample of female adolescents. METHODS Latent profile analysis used indoor tanning beliefs and perceptions to identify indoor tanning initiation risk subgroups. The teens in each subgroup were reassessed on indoor tanning initiation after a year. RESULTS Three subgroups were identified: a low risk, anti-tanning subgroup (18.6 %) characterized by low scores on positive indoor tanning belief scales and high scores on beliefs about indoor tanning dangers; a moderate risk aware social tanner subgroup (47.2 %) characterized by high scores on positive indoor tanning belief scales but also high scores on beliefs about indoor tanning dangers; and a high risk risky relaxation tanner subgroup (34.2 %) characterized by high scores on positive indoor tanning belief scales and low scores on beliefs about indoor tanning dangers. Teens in the aware social tanner and risky relaxation tanner subgroups were significantly more likely to initiate indoor tanning in the following year. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need to identify teens at risk for indoor tanning initiation and develop tailored interventions that will move them to the lowest risk subgroup. Subgroup correlates suggest parent and peer-based interventions may be successful.
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198
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Lee SJ, Son YH, Lee KB, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Jeong EM, Park SC, Kim IG. 4-n-butylresorcinol enhances proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 39:248-255. [PMID: 27666581 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 4-n-butylresorcinol is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase and has been used as an antimelanogenic agent. However, its inhibition mechanism in intact cells is not fully understood. To elucidate the cellular mechanism, we compared in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of 4-n-butylresorcinol on tyrosinase activity. METHODS B16F10 melanoma cells were cultured in media containing α-MSH in the presence or absence of 4-n-butylresorcinol. Tyrosinase mRNA levels, protein levels and activity in B16F10 cells were compared by real-time PCR, immunostaining combined with western blot and colorimetric analysis, respectively. Melanin concentration was measured by colorimetry both in the cells and in the media. Tyrosinase glycosylation and proteolytic degradation were analysed by immunoblotting after cells were treated with Endo H/PNGase F and E64/proteasome inhibitors, respectively. RESULTS 4-n-butylresorcinol inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis more effectively in intact cells than in cell lysates. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR showed that 4-n-butylresorcinol reduced protein levels, but not mRNA levels, of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells. 4-n-butylresorcinol showed no effect on the processing of tyrosinase glycosylation or on trafficking to melanosomes. However, treatment of B16F10 cells with E64 or proteasome inhibitor abrogated the 4-n-butylresorcinol-induced decrease of tyrosinase. Moreover, 4-n-butylresorcinol activated p38 MAPK, resulting in increased ubiquitination of tyrosinase. CONCLUSION 4-n-butylresorcinol inhibits melanogenesis by enhancing proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase as well as competitive binding to tyrosinase. These findings will help to develop new, effective and safe chemicals for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Y H Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - E M Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - S C Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - I-G Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Nouveau S, Agrawal D, Kohli M, Bernerd F, Misra N, Nayak CS. Skin Hyperpigmentation in Indian Population: Insights and Best Practice. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:487-95. [PMID: 27688436 PMCID: PMC5029232 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.190103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is one of the most strikingly variable phenotypes in humans, therefore making cutaneous pigmentation disorders frequent symptoms manifesting in a multitude of forms. The most common among them include lentigines, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, dark eye circles, and melasma. Variability of skin tones throughout the world is well-documented, some skin tones being reported as more susceptible to pigmentation disorders than others, especially in Asia and India. Furthermore, exposure to ultraviolet radiation is known to trigger or exacerbate pigmentation disorders. Preventive strategies for photoprotection and treatment modalities including topical and other medical approaches have been adopted by dermatologists to mitigate these disorders. This review article outlines the current knowledge on pigmentation disorders including pathophysiology, molecular profiling, and therapeutic options with a special focus on the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nouveau
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, France
| | - Divya Agrawal
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal India Pvt. Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Malavika Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Jaslok Hospital and Breach Candy Hospital Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Francoise Bernerd
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, France
| | - Namita Misra
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal India Pvt. Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chitra Shivanand Nayak
- Department of Dermatology, Leprology and Venereology, Topiwala National Medical College and B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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