151
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Laursen WJ, Anderson EO, Hoffstaetter LJ, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. Species-specific temperature sensitivity of TRPA1. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:214-26. [PMID: 27227025 PMCID: PMC4843866 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2014.1000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a polymodal ion channel sensitive to temperature and chemical stimuli. The importance of temperature and aversive chemical detection for survival has driven the evolutionary diversity of TRPA1 sensitivity. This diversity can be observed in the various roles of TRPA1 in different species, where it is proposed to act as a temperature-insensitive chemosensor, a heat transducer, a noxious cold transducer, or a detector of low-intensity heat for prey localization. Exploring the variation of TRPA1 functions among species provides evolutionary insight into molecular mechanisms that fine-tune thermal and chemical sensitivity, and offers an opportunity to address basic principles of temperature gating in ion channels. A decade of research has yielded a number of hypotheses describing physiological roles of TRPA1, modulators of its activity, and biophysical principles of gating. This review surveys the diversity of TRPA1 adaptations across evolutionary taxa and explores possible mechanisms of TRPA1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J Laursen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience; Neurodegeneration and Repair; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan O Anderson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine ; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lydia J Hoffstaetter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience; Neurodegeneration and Repair; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine ; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience; Neurodegeneration and Repair; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
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152
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Flouris AD, Piantoni C. Links between thermoregulation and aging in endotherms and ectotherms. Temperature (Austin) 2014; 2:73-85. [PMID: 27226994 PMCID: PMC4843886 DOI: 10.4161/23328940.2014.989793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While the link between thermoregulation and aging is generally accepted, much further research, reflection, and debate is required to elucidate the physiological and molecular pathways that generate the observed thermal-induced changes in lifespan. Our aim in this review is to present, discuss, and scrutinize the thermoregulatory mechanisms that are implicated in the aging process in endotherms and ectotherms. Our analysis demonstrates that low body temperature benefits lifespan in both endothermic and ectothermic organisms. Research in endotherms has delved deeper into the physiological and molecular mechanisms linking body temperature and longevity. While research in ectotherms has been steadily increasing during the past decades, further mechanistic work is required in order to fully elucidate the underlying phenomena. What is abundantly clear is that both endotherms and ectotherms have a specific temperature zone at which they function optimally. This zone is defended through both physiological and behavioral means and plays a major role on organismal senescence. That low body temperature may be beneficial for lifespan is contrary to conventional medical theory where reduced body temperature is usually considered as a sign of underlying pathology. Regardless, this phenomenon has been targeted by scientists with the expectation that advancements may compress morbidity, as well as lower disease and mortality risk. The available evidence suggests that lowered body temperature may prolong life span, yet finding the key to temperature regulation remains the problem. While we are still far from a complete understanding of the mechanisms linking body temperature and longevity, we are getting closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory; Department of Exercise Science; University of Thessaly ; Trikala, Greece
| | - Carla Piantoni
- University of Sao Paulo; Department of Physiology ; Sao Paulo, Brazil
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153
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Skulachev MV, Severin FF, Skulachev VP. Receptor regulation of senile phenoptosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:994-1003. [PMID: 25519059 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a concept that considers organism aging as an additional facultative function promoting evolution, but counterproductive for an individual. We hypothesize that aging can be inhibited or even arrested when full mobilization of all resources is needed for the survival of an individual. We believe that the organism makes such a decision based on the analysis of signals of special receptors that monitor a number of parameters of the internal and external environment. The amount of available food is one of these parameters. Food restriction is perceived by the organism as a signal of coming starvation; in response to it, the organism inhibits its counterproductive programs, in particular, aging. We hypothesize that the level of protein obtained with food is estimated based on blood concentration of one of the essential amino acids (methionine), of carbohydrates - via glucose level, and fats - based on the level of one of the free fatty acids. When the amount of available food is sufficient, these receptors transmit the signal allowing aging. In case of lack of food, this signal is cancelled, and as a result aging is inhibited, i.e. age-related weakening of physiological functions is inhibited, and lifespan increases (the well-known geroprotective effect of partial food restriction). In Caenorhabditis elegans, lowering of the ambient temperature has a similar effect. This geroprotective effect is removed by the knockout of one of the cold receptors, and replacement of the C. elegans receptor by a similar human receptor restores the ability of low temperature to increase the lifespan of the nematode. A chain of events linking the receptor with the aging mechanism has been discovered in mice - for one of the pain receptors in neurons, the nerve endings of which entwine pancreas β-cells. Age-related activation of these receptors inhibits the work of insulin genes in β-cells. Problems with insulin secretion lead to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and type II diabetes, which can be regarded as one of the forms of senile phenoptosis. In conclusion, we consider the role of some psychological factors in the regulation of the aging program.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Skulachev
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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154
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Yadlapalli S, Wani KA, Xu XZS. Past experience resets behavior: CaMK takes the heat. Neuron 2014; 84:883-5. [PMID: 25475181 PMCID: PMC4301849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
How past experiences reshape behavior is not well understood. In this issue, two studies (Schild et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2014) dissected the molecular mechanisms underlying experience-dependent plasticity in thermosensory behavior. They show that Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase I (CaMKI) regulates thermal preferences according to past experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Yadlapalli
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Khursheed A Wani
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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155
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Harrison N, Lone MA, Kaul TK, Reis Rodrigues P, Ogungbe IV, Gill MS. Characterization of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase-D isoforms in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113007. [PMID: 25423491 PMCID: PMC4244089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines are an important class of lipid signaling molecules found in many species, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) where they are involved in development and adult lifespan. In mammals, the relative activity of the biosynthetic enzyme N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase-D and the hydrolytic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase determine N-acylethanolamine levels. C. elegans has two N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase-D orthologs, nape-1 and nape-2, that are likely to have arisen from a gene duplication event. Here, we find that recombinant C. elegans NAPE-1 and NAPE-2 are capable of generating N-acylethanolamines in vitro, confirming their functional conservation. In vivo, they exhibit overlapping expression in the pharynx and the nervous system, but are also expressed discretely in these and other tissues, suggesting divergent roles. Indeed, nape-1 over-expression results in delayed growth and shortened lifespan only at 25°C, while nape-2 over-expression results in significant larval arrest and increased adult lifespan at 15°C. Interestingly, deletion of the N-acylethanolamine degradation enzyme faah-1 exacerbates nape-1 over-expression phenotypes, but suppresses the larval arrest phenotype of nape-2 over-expression, suggesting that faah-1 is coupled to nape-2, but not nape-1, in a negative feedback loop. We also find that over-expression of either nape-1 or nape-2 significantly enhances recovery from the dauer larval stage in the insulin signaling mutant daf-2(e1368), but only nape-1 over-expression reduces daf-2 adult lifespan, consistent with increased levels of the N-acylethanolamine eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamine. These results provide evidence that N-acylethanolamine biosynthetic enzymes in C. elegans have conserved function and suggest a temperature-dependent, functional divergence between the two isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neale Harrison
- Department of Metabolism & Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Museer A. Lone
- Department of Metabolism & Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tiffany K. Kaul
- Department of Metabolism & Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pedro Reis Rodrigues
- Department of Metabolism & Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ifedayo Victor Ogungbe
- Department of Metabolism & Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Gill
- Department of Metabolism & Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
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156
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Human TRPA1 is intrinsically cold- and chemosensitive with and without its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:16901-6. [PMID: 25389312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412689111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have purified and reconstituted human transient receptor potential (TRP) subtype A1 (hTRPA1) into lipid bilayers and recorded single-channel currents to understand its inherent thermo- and chemosensory properties as well as the role of the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) of the N terminus in channel behavior. We report that hTRPA1 with and without its N-terminal ARD (Δ1-688 hTRPA1) is intrinsically cold-sensitive, and thus, cold-sensing properties of hTRPA1 reside outside the N-terminal ARD. We show activation of hTRPA1 by the thiol oxidant 2-((biotinoyl)amino)ethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA-biotin) and that electrophilic compounds activate hTRPA1 in the presence and absence of the N-terminal ARD. The nonelectrophilic compounds menthol and the cannabinoid Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabiorcol (C16) directly activate hTRPA1 at different sites independent of the N-terminal ARD. The TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 inhibited cold and chemical activation of hTRPA1 and Δ1-688 hTRPA1, supporting a direct interaction with hTRPA1 outside the N-terminal ARD. These findings show that hTRPA1 is an intrinsically cold- and chemosensitive ion channel. Thus, second messengers, including Ca(2+), or accessory proteins are not needed for hTRPA1 responses to cold or chemical activators. We suggest that conformational changes outside the N-terminal ARD by cold, electrophiles, and nonelectrophiles are important in hTRPA1 channel gating and that targeting chemical interaction sites outside the N-terminal ARD provides possibilities to fine tune TRPA1-based drug therapies (e.g., for treatment of pain associated with cold hypersensitivity and cardiovascular disease).
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157
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Skulachev MV, Skulachev VP. New data on programmed aging — slow phenoptosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:977-93. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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158
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Mizunuma M, Neumann‐Haefelin E, Moroz N, Li Y, Blackwell TK. mTORC2-SGK-1 acts in two environmentally responsive pathways with opposing effects on longevity. Aging Cell 2014; 13:869-78. [PMID: 25040785 PMCID: PMC4172656 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans provides a powerful system for elucidating how genetic, metabolic, nutritional, and environmental factors influence aging. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is important in growth, disease, and aging and is present in the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes. In diverse eukaryotes, lifespan can be increased by inhibition of mTORC1, which transduces anabolic signals to stimulate protein synthesis and inhibit autophagy. Less is understood about mTORC2, which affects C. elegans lifespan in a complex manner that is influenced by the bacterial food source. mTORC2 regulates C. elegans growth, reproduction, and lipid metabolism by activating the SGK-1 kinase, but current data on SGK-1 and lifespan seem to be conflicting. Here, by analyzing the mTORC2 component Rictor (RICT-1), we show that mTORC2 modulates longevity by activating SGK-1 in two pathways that affect lifespan oppositely. RICT-1/mTORC2 limits longevity by directing SGK-1 to inhibit the stress-response transcription factor SKN-1/Nrf in the intestine. Signals produced by the bacterial food source determine how this pathway affects SKN-1 and lifespan. In addition, RICT-1/mTORC2 functions in neurons in an SGK-1-mediated pathway that increases lifespan at lower temperatures. RICT-1/mTORC2 and SGK-1 therefore oppose or accelerate aging depending upon the context in which they are active. Our findings reconcile data on SGK-1 and aging, show that the bacterial microenvironment influences SKN-1/Nrf, mTORC2 functions, and aging, and identify two longevity-related mTORC2 functions that involve SGK-regulated responses to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mizunuma
- Joslin Diabetes Center Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical School Department of Genetics Boston MA 02215USA
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter Hiroshima University Higashi‐Hiroshima 739‐8530 Japan
| | - Elke Neumann‐Haefelin
- Joslin Diabetes Center Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical School Department of Genetics Boston MA 02215USA
- Renal Division University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg 79106Germany
| | - Natalie Moroz
- Joslin Diabetes Center Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical School Department of Genetics Boston MA 02215USA
- Division of Biological Sciences Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA 02115USA
| | - Yujie Li
- Renal Division University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg 79106Germany
| | - T. Keith Blackwell
- Joslin Diabetes Center Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical School Department of Genetics Boston MA 02215USA
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159
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Gatsi R, Schulze B, Rodríguez-Palero MJ, Hernando-Rodríguez B, Baumeister R, Artal-Sanz M. Prohibitin-mediated lifespan and mitochondrial stress implicate SGK-1, insulin/IGF and mTORC2 in C. elegans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107671. [PMID: 25265021 PMCID: PMC4180437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifespan regulation by mitochondrial proteins has been well described, however, the mechanism of this regulation is not fully understood. Amongst the mitochondrial proteins profoundly affecting ageing are prohibitins (PHB-1 and PHB-2). Paradoxically, in C. elegans prohibitin depletion shortens the lifespan of wild type animals while dramatically extending that of metabolically compromised animals, such as daf-2-insulin-receptor mutants. Here we show that amongst the three kinases known to act downstream of daf-2, only loss of function of sgk-1 recapitulates the ageing phenotype observed in daf-2 mutants upon prohibitin depletion. Interestingly, signalling through SGK-1 receives input from an additional pathway, parallel to DAF-2, for the prohibitin-mediated lifespan phenotype. We investigated the effect of prohibitin depletion on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Remarkably, the lifespan extension upon prohibitin elimination, of both daf-2 and sgk-1 mutants, is accompanied by suppression of the UPRmt induced by lack of prohibitin. On the contrary, gain of function of SGK-1 results in further shortening of lifespan and a further increase of the UPRmt in prohibitin depleted animals. Moreover, SGK-1 interacts with RICT-1 for the regulation of the UPRmt in a parallel pathway to DAF-2. Interestingly, prohibitin depletion in rict-1 loss of function mutant animals also causes lifespan extension. Finally, we reveal an unprecedented role for mTORC2-SGK-1 in the regulation of mitochodrial homeostasis. Together, these results give further insight into the mechanism of lifespan regulation by mitochondrial function and reveal a cross-talk of mitochondria with two key pathways, Insulin/IGF and mTORC2, for the regulation of ageing and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxani Gatsi
- CABD, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bettina Schulze
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Palero
- CABD, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Blanca Hernando-Rodríguez
- CABD, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Artal-Sanz
- CABD, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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160
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van Oosten-Hawle P, Morimoto RI. Transcellular chaperone signaling: an organismal strategy for integrated cell stress responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:129-36. [PMID: 24353212 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of each cell within a metazoan to adapt to and survive environmental and physiological stress requires cellular stress-response mechanisms, such as the heat shock response (HSR). Recent advances reveal that cellular proteostasis and stress responses in metazoans are regulated by multiple layers of intercellular communication. This ensures that an imbalance of proteostasis that occurs within any single tissue 'at risk' is protected by a compensatory activation of a stress response in adjacent tissues that confers a community protective response. While each cell expresses the machinery for heat shock (HS) gene expression, the HSR is regulated cell non-autonomously in multicellular organisms, by neuronal signaling to the somatic tissues, and by transcellular chaperone signaling between somatic tissues and from somatic tissues to neurons. These cell non-autonomous processes ensure that the organismal HSR is orchestrated across multiple tissues and that transmission of stress signals between tissues can also override the neuronal control to reset cell- and tissue-specific proteostasis. Here, we discuss emerging concepts and insights into the complex cell non-autonomous mechanisms that control stress responses in metazoans and highlight the importance of intercellular communication for proteostasis maintenance in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricija van Oosten-Hawle
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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161
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Mechanosensory molecules and circuits in C. elegans. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:39-48. [PMID: 25053538 PMCID: PMC4281349 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensory neurons, whose activity is controlled by mechanical force, underlie the senses of touch, hearing, and proprioception, yet despite their importance, the molecular basis of mechanotransduction is poorly understood. Genetic studies in Caenorhabditis elegans have provided a useful approach for identifying potential components of mechanotransduction complexes that might be conserved in more complex organisms. This review describes the mechanosensory systems of C. elegans, including the sensory neurons and circuitry involved in body touch, nose touch, and proprioception. In addition, the roles of genes encoding known and potential mechanosensory receptors, including members of the broadly conserved transient receptor potential (TRP) and degerin/epithelial Na+ channel (DEG/ENaC) channel families, are discussed.
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162
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Ohta A, Ujisawa T, Sonoda S, Kuhara A. Light and pheromone-sensing neurons regulates cold habituation through insulin signalling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4412. [PMID: 25048458 PMCID: PMC4109018 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a critical environmental stimulus that has a strong impact on an organism's biochemistry. Animals can respond to changes in ambient temperature through behaviour or altered physiology. However, how animals habituate to temperature is poorly understood. The nematode C. elegans stores temperature experiences and can induce temperature habituation-linked cold tolerance. Here we show that light and pheromone-sensing neurons (ASJ) regulate cold habituation through insulin signalling. Calcium imaging reveals that ASJ neurons respond to temperature. Cold habituation is abnormal in a mutant with impaired cGMP signalling in ASJ neurons. Insulin released from ASJ neurons is received by the intestine and neurons regulating gene expression for cold habituation. Thus, temperature sensation in a light and pheromone-sensing neuron produces a robust effect on insulin signalling that controls experience-dependent temperature habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Ohta
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan [2]
| | - Tomoyo Ujisawa
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan [2]
| | - Satoru Sonoda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
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163
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Allen E, Ren J, Zhang Y, Alcedo J. Sensory systems: their impact on C. elegans survival. Neuroscience 2014; 296:15-25. [PMID: 24997267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An animal's survival strongly depends on a nervous system that can rapidly process and integrate the changing quality of its environment and promote the most appropriate physiological responses. This is amply demonstrated in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, where its sensory system has been shown to impact multiple physiological traits that range from behavior and developmental plasticity to longevity. Because of the accessibility of its nervous system and the number of tools available to study and manipulate its neural circuitry, C. elegans has thus become an important model organism in dissecting the mechanisms through which the nervous system promotes survival. Here we review our current understanding of how the C. elegans sensory system affects diverse physiological traits, whose coordination would be essential for survival under fluctuating environments. The knowledge we derive from the C. elegans studies should provide testable hypotheses in discovering similar mechanisms in higher animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48334, USA
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joy Alcedo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48334, USA
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164
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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165
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Ostojic I, Boll W, Waterson MJ, Chan T, Chandra R, Pletcher SD, Alcedo J. Positive and negative gustatory inputs affect Drosophila lifespan partly in parallel to dFOXO signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:8143-8. [PMID: 24847072 PMCID: PMC4050613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315466111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, a subset of gustatory neurons, as well as olfactory neurons, shortens lifespan, whereas a different subset of gustatory neurons lengthens it. Recently, the lifespan-shortening effect of olfactory neurons has been reported to be conserved in Drosophila. Here we show that the Drosophila gustatory system also affects lifespan in a bidirectional manner. We find that taste inputs shorten lifespan through inhibition of the insulin pathway effector dFOXO, whereas other taste inputs lengthen lifespan in parallel to this pathway. We also note that the gustatory influence on lifespan does not necessarily depend on food intake levels. Finally, we identify the nature of some of the taste inputs that could shorten versus lengthen lifespan. Together our data suggest that different gustatory cues can modulate the activities of distinct signaling pathways, including different insulin-like peptides, to promote physiological changes that ultimately affect lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ostojic
- Growth Control Unit, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Werner Boll
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tammy Chan
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Rashmi Chandra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Scott D Pletcher
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, andGeriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Joy Alcedo
- Growth Control Unit, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland;Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
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166
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Mitochondrial EF4 links respiratory dysfunction and cytoplasmic translation in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1674-83. [PMID: 24837196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.05.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
How animals coordinate cellular bioenergetics in response to stress conditions is an essential question related to aging, obesity and cancer. Elongation factor 4 (EF4/LEPA) is a highly conserved protein that promotes protein synthesis under stress conditions, whereas its function in metazoans remains unknown. Here, we show that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, the mitochondria-localized CeEF4 (referred to as mtEF4) affects mitochondrial functions, especially at low temperature (15°C). At worms' optimum growing temperature (20°C), mtef4 deletion leads to self-brood size reduction, growth delay and mitochondrial dysfunction. Transcriptomic analyses show that mtef4 deletion induces retrograde pathways, including mitochondrial biogenesis and cytoplasmic translation reorganization. At low temperature (15°C), mtef4 deletion reduces mitochondrial translation and disrupts the assembly of respiratory chain supercomplexes containing complex IV. These observations are indicative of the important roles of mtEF4 in mitochondrial functions and adaptation to stressful conditions.
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167
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Askim JR, Mahmoudi M, Suslick KS. Optical sensor arrays for chemical sensing: the optoelectronic nose. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 42:8649-82. [PMID: 24091381 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review is presented on the development and state of the art of colorimetric and fluorometric sensor arrays. Optical arrays based on chemoresponsive colorants (dyes and nanoporous pigments) probe the chemical reactivity of analytes, rather than their physical properties. This provides a high dimensionality to chemical sensing that permits high sensitivity (often down to ppb levels), impressive discrimination among very similar analytes and exquisite fingerprinting of extremely similar mixtures over a wide range of analyte types, both in the gas and liquid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Askim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Av., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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168
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Jabba S, Goyal R, Sosa-Pagán JO, Moldenhauer H, Wu J, Kalmeta B, Bandell M, Latorre R, Patapoutian A, Grandl J. Directionality of temperature activation in mouse TRPA1 ion channel can be inverted by single-point mutations in ankyrin repeat six. Neuron 2014; 82:1017-31. [PMID: 24814535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are activated with high sensitivity by either cold or hot temperatures. However, structures and mechanism that determine temperature directionality (cold versus heat) are not established. Here we screened 12,000 random mutant clones of the cold-activated mouse TRPA1 ion channel with a heat stimulus. We identified three single-point mutations that are individually sufficient to make mouse TRPA1 warm activated, while leaving sensitivity to chemicals unaffected. Mutant channels have high temperature sensitivity of voltage activation, specifically of channel opening, but not channel closing, which is reminiscent of other heat-activated TRP channels. All mutations are located in ankyrin repeat six, which identifies this domain as a sensitive modulator of thermal activation. We propose that a change in the coupling of temperature sensing to channel gating generates this sensitivity to warm temperatures. Our results demonstrate that minimal changes in protein sequence are sufficient to generate a wide diversity of thermal sensitivities in TRPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairam Jabba
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Raman Goyal
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason O Sosa-Pagán
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hans Moldenhauer
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2349400, Chile
| | - Jason Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Breanna Kalmeta
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Bandell
- Department of Cell Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ramon Latorre
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2349400, Chile
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Department of Cell Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jörg Grandl
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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169
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Ristow M, Schmeisser K. Mitohormesis: Promoting Health and Lifespan by Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Dose Response 2014; 12:288-341. [PMID: 24910588 PMCID: PMC4036400 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.13-035.ristow] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), consisting of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and multiple others, do not only cause oxidative stress, but rather may function as signaling molecules that promote health by preventing or delaying a number of chronic diseases, and ultimately extend lifespan. While high levels of ROS are generally accepted to cause cellular damage and to promote aging, low levels of these may rather improve systemic defense mechanisms by inducing an adaptive response. This concept has been named mitochondrial hormesis or mitohormesis. We here evaluate and summarize more than 500 publications from current literature regarding such ROS-mediated low-dose signaling events, including calorie restriction, hypoxia, temperature stress, and physical activity, as well as signaling events downstream of insulin/IGF-1 receptors, AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), target-of-rapamycin (TOR), and lastly sirtuins to culminate in control of proteostasis, unfolded protein response (UPR), stem cell maintenance and stress resistance. Additionally, consequences of interfering with such ROS signals by pharmacological or natural compounds are being discussed, concluding that particularly antioxidants are useless or even harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich), Schwerzenbach/Zürich, CH 8603, Switzerland
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
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170
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Moskalev AA, Aliper AM, Smit-McBride Z, Buzdin A, Zhavoronkov A. Genetics and epigenetics of aging and longevity. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1063-77. [PMID: 24603410 PMCID: PMC4013158 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theories of aging predict the existence of certain genes that provide selective advantage early in life with adverse effect on lifespan later in life (antagonistic pleiotropy theory) or longevity insurance genes (disposable soma theory). Indeed, the study of human and animal genetics is gradually identifying new genes that increase lifespan when overexpressed or mutated: gerontogenes. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are being identified that have a positive effect on longevity. The gerontogenes are classified as lifespan regulators, mediators, effectors, housekeeping genes, genes involved in mitochondrial function, and genes regulating cellular senescence and apoptosis. In this review we demonstrate that the majority of the genes as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that are involved in regulation of longevity are highly interconnected and related to stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Moskalev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Biology; Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar, Russian Federation; Syktyvkar State University; Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M Aliper
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Biology; Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Zeljka Smit-McBride
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science; School of Medicine; University of California at Davis; Davis, CA USA
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology; Moscow, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Moscow, Russian Federation; First Oncology Research and Advisory Center; Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology; Moscow, Russian Federation; The Biogerontology Research Foundation; London, UK
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171
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Venkatachalam K, Luo J, Montell C. Evolutionarily conserved, multitasking TRP channels: lessons from worms and flies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2014; 223:937-62. [PMID: 24961975 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05161-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel family is comprised of a large group of cation-permeable channels, which display an extraordinary diversity of roles in sensory signaling. TRPs allow animals to detect chemicals, mechanical force, light, and changes in temperature. Consequently, these channels control a plethora of animal behaviors. Moreover, their functions are not limited to the classical senses, as they are cellular sensors, which are critical for ionic homeostasis and metabolism. Two genetically tractable invertebrate model organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, have led the way in revealing a wide array of sensory roles and behaviors that depend on TRP channels. Two overriding themes have emerged from these studies. First, TRPs are multitasking proteins, and second, many functions and modes of activation of these channels are evolutionarily conserved, including some that were formerly thought to be unique to invertebrates, such as phototransduction. Thus, worms and flies offer the potential to decipher roles for mammalian TRPs, which would otherwise not be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Venkatachalam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,
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172
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Laursen WJ, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. TRPA1 channels: chemical and temperature sensitivity. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2014; 74:89-112. [PMID: 25366234 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800181-3.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a polymodal excitatory ion channel found in sensory neurons of different organisms, ranging from worms to humans. Since its discovery as an uncharacterized transmembrane protein in human fibroblasts, TRPA1 has become one of the most intensively studied ion channels. Its function has been linked to regulation of heat and cold perception, mechanosensitivity, hearing, inflammation, pain, circadian rhythms, chemoreception, and other processes. Some of these proposed functions remain controversial, while others have gathered considerable experimental support. A truly polymodal ion channel, TRPA1 is activated by various stimuli, including electrophilic chemicals, oxygen, temperature, and mechanical force, yet the molecular mechanism of TRPA1 gating remains obscure. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of TRPA1 physiology, pharmacology, and molecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J Laursen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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173
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Choi H, Schneider H, Klum S, Chandler-Brown D, Kaeberlein M, Shamieh L. UV-photoconversion of ethosuximide from a longevity-promoting compound to a potent toxin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82543. [PMID: 24340038 PMCID: PMC3858337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticonvulsant ethosuximide has been previously shown to increase life span and promote healthspan in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans at millimolar concentrations. Here we report that following exposure to ultraviolet irradiation at 254 nm, ethosuximide is converted into a compound that displays toxicity toward C. elegans. This effect is specific for ethosuximide, as the structurally related compounds trimethadione and succinimide do not show similar toxicities following UV exposure. Killing by UV-irradiated ethosuximide is not attenuated in chemosensory mutants that are resistant to toxicity associated with high doses of non-irradiated ethosuximide. Non-irradiated ethosuximide extends life span at 15°C or 20°C, but not at 25°C, while irradiated ethosuximide shows similar toxicity at all three temperatures. Dietary restriction by bacterial deprivation does not protect against toxicity from irradiated ethosuximide, while non-irradiated ethosuximide further extends the long life spans of restricted animals. These data support the model that ethosuximide extends life span by a mechanism that is, at least partially, distinct from dietary restriction by bacterial deprivation and demonstrates an unexpected photochemical conversion of ethosuximide into a toxic compound by UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeri Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Heather Schneider
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shannon Klum
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Devon Chandler-Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MK); (LS)
| | - Lara Shamieh
- Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MK); (LS)
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174
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Gendron CM, Kuo TH, Harvanek ZM, Chung BY, Yew JY, Dierick HA, Pletcher SD. Drosophila life span and physiology are modulated by sexual perception and reward. Science 2013; 343:544-8. [PMID: 24292624 DOI: 10.1126/science.1243339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sensory perception can modulate aging and physiology across taxa. We found that perception of female sexual pheromones through a specific gustatory receptor expressed in a subset of foreleg neurons in male fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, rapidly and reversibly decreases fat stores, reduces resistance to starvation, and limits life span. Neurons that express the reward-mediating neuropeptide F are also required for pheromone effects. High-throughput whole-genome RNA sequencing experiments revealed a set of molecular processes that were affected by the activity of the longevity circuit, thereby identifying new candidate cell-nonautonomous aging mechanisms. Mating reversed the effects of pheromone perception; therefore, life span may be modulated through the integrated action of sensory and reward circuits, and healthy aging may be compromised when the expectations defined by sensory perception are discordant with ensuing experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi M Gendron
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Geriatrics Center, Biomedical Sciences and Research Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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175
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Amiri H, Saeidi K, Borhani P, Manafirad A, Ghavami M, Zerbi V. Alzheimer's disease: pathophysiology and applications of magnetic nanoparticles as MRI theranostic agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1417-29. [PMID: 24024702 PMCID: PMC3837373 DOI: 10.1021/cn4001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. During the recent decade, nanotechnology has been widely considered, as a promising tool, for theranosis (diagnosis and therapy) of AD. Here we first discuss pathophysiology and characteristics of AD with a focus on the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Then magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and recent works on their applications in AD, focusing on the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), are reviewed. Furthermore, the amyloid-nanoparticle interaction is highlighted, with the scope to be highly considered by the scientists aiming for diagnostics and/or treatment of AD employing nanoparticles. Furthermore, recent findings on the "ignored" parameters (e.g., effect of protein "corona" at the surface of nanoparticles on amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillation process) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshang Amiri
- Department of Radiology and Department
of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain,
Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kolsoum Saeidi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Radiological
Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 7618747653 Kerman, Iran
| | - Parvin Borhani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Radiological
Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 7618747653 Kerman, Iran
| | - Arash Manafirad
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 13164 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghavami
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 13164 Tehran, Iran
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Department of Radiology and Department
of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain,
Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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176
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Le Bourg É. Fasting can protect young and middle-aged Drosophila melanogaster flies against a severe cold stress. Biogerontology 2013; 14:513-29. [PMID: 23990216 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Flies were starved with water before being subjected to various severe stresses (heat, cold, fungal infection, hydrogen peroxide) immediately after starvation or after a delay. Starvation of young and middle-aged flies increased resistance to a long cold stress (0 °C for up to 48 h), mainly if there was a 2-6 h delay between starvation and the cold stress, but positive effects in old flies were hardly observed. No positive effect was observed on resistance to the other stresses and starvation rather decreased resistance to them. It thus seems that fasting increases frailty but also puts at play mechanisms increasing resistance to cold. Starvation also increased learning scores but this could be linked to decreased positive phototaxis tendencies, and not to a better learning ability. Starvation appears to be a mild stress with limited hormetic effects, but studying the mechanisms of these effects is of interest because fasting is maybe of therapeutic value in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, UMR CNRS 5169 Université Paul-Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse 9, France,
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177
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Alcedo J, Flatt T, Pasyukova EG. Neuronal inputs and outputs of aging and longevity. Front Genet 2013; 4:71. [PMID: 23653632 PMCID: PMC3644678 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal’s survival strongly depends on its ability to maintain homeostasis in response to the changing quality of its external and internal environment. This is achieved through intracellular and intercellular communication within and among different tissues. One of the organ systems that plays a major role in this communication and the maintenance of homeostasis is the nervous system. Here we highlight different aspects of the neuronal inputs and outputs of pathways that affect aging and longevity. Accordingly, we discuss how sensory inputs influence homeostasis and lifespan through the modulation of different types of neuronal signals, which reflects the complexity of the environmental cues that affect physiology. We also describe feedback, compensatory, and feed-forward mechanisms in these longevity-modulating pathways that are necessary for homeostasis. Finally, we consider the temporal requirements for these neuronal processes and the potential role of natural genetic variation in shaping the neurobiology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Alcedo
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Basel, Switzerland ; Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University Detroit, MI, USA
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178
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Skora S, Zimmer M. Life(span) in balance: oxygen fuels a sophisticated neural network for lifespan homeostasis in C. elegans. EMBO J 2013; 32:1499-501. [PMID: 23632858 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Skora
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
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179
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Abstract
In this issue, Xiao et al. challenge the notion that cold temperatures promote longevity solely through thermodynamic effects. They show that low temperatures activate a cold-sensitive cation channel, TRPA-1, which triggers a complex signaling pathway in both neurons and nonneuronal cells to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.
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