151
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Ma W, Wang X, Sun H, Xu B, Song R, Tian Y, Zhao L, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Yang F, Chen H, Gong R, Yu Y, Li X, Li S, Zhang W, Zhang T, Ne J, Cai B. Oxidant stress-sensitive circRNA Mdc1 controls cardiomyocyte chromosome stability and cell cycle re-entry during heart regeneration. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106422. [PMID: 36058431 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeting cardiomyocyte plasticity has emerged as a new strategy for promoting heart repair after myocardial infarction. However, the precise mechanistic network underlying heart regeneration is not completely understood. As noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in regulating cardiac physiology and pathology. The present study aimed to investigate the potential roles of circMdc1 in cardiac repair after injury and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Here, we identified that circMdc1 levels were upregulated in postnatal mouse hearts but downregulated in the regenerative myocardium. The expression of circMdc1 in cardiomyocytes is sensitive to oxidative stress, which was attenuated by N-acetyl-cysteine. Enforced circMdc1 expression inhibited cardiomyocyte proliferation, while circMdc1 silencing led to cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry. In vivo, the cardiac-specific adeno-associated virus-mediated knockdown of circMdc1 promoted cardiac regeneration and heart repair accompanied by improved heart function. Conversely, circMdc1 overexpression blunted the regenerative capacity of neonatal hearts after apex resection. Moreover, circMdc1 was able to block the translation of its host gene Mdc1 specifically by binding to PABP, affecting DNA damage and the chromosome stability of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of Mdc1 caused damaged mouse hearts to regenerate and repair after myocardial infarction in vivo. Oxidative stress-sensitive circMdc1 plays an important role in cardiac regeneration and heart repair after injury by regulating DNA damage and chromosome stability in cardiomyocytes by blocking the translation of the host gene Mdc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Ma
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hongyue Sun
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Binbin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ruijie Song
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xingda Li
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shuainan Li
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jingwen Ne
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, the Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China; Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
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152
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Wang RM, Mesfin JM, Hunter J, Cattaneo P, Guimarães-Camboa N, Braden RL, Luo C, Hill RC, Dzieciatkowska M, Hansen KC, Evans S, Christman KL. Myocardial matrix hydrogel acts as a reactive oxygen species scavenger and supports a proliferative microenvironment for cardiomyocytes. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:47-59. [PMID: 36041648 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As the native regenerative potential of adult cardiac tissue is limited post-injury, stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms in the mammalian myocardium is a potential goal of regenerative medicine therapeutics. Injection of myocardial matrix hydrogels into the heart post-myocardial infarction (MI) has demonstrated increased cardiac muscle and promotion of pathways associated with cardiac development, suggesting potential promotion of cardiomyocyte turnover. In this study, the myocardial matrix hydrogel was shown to have native capability as an effective reactive oxygen species scavenger and protect against oxidative stress induced cell cycle inhibition in vitro. Encapsulation of cardiomyocytes demonstrated an enhanced turnover in in vitro studies, and in vivo assessments of myocardial matrix hydrogel treatment post-MI showed increased thymidine analog uptake in cardiomyocyte nuclei compared to saline controls. Overall, this study provides evidence that properties of the myocardial matrix material provide a microenvironment mitigating oxidative damage and supportive of cardiomyocytes undergoing DNA synthesis, toward possible DNA repair or cell cycle activation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Loss of adult mammalian cardiomyocyte turnover is influenced by shifts in oxidative damage, which represents a potential mechanism for improving restoration of cardiac muscle after myocardial infarction (MI). Injection of a myocardial matrix hydrogel into the heart post-MI previously demonstrated increased cardiac muscle and promotion of pathways associated with cardiac development, suggesting potential in promoting proliferation of cardiomyocytes. In this study, the myocardial matrix hydrogel was shown to protect cells from oxidative stress and increase proliferation in vitro. In a rat MI model, greater presence of tissue free thiol content spared from oxidative damage, lesser mitochondrial superoxide content, and increased thymidine analog uptake in cardiomyocytes was found in matrix injected animals compared to saline controls. Overall, this study provides evidence that properties of the myocardial matrix material provide a microenvironment supportive of cardiomyocytes undergoing DNA synthesis, toward possible DNA repair or cell cycle activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joshua M Mesfin
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jervaughn Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paola Cattaneo
- Department of Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research (Milan Unit), National Research Council of Italy, 20189 Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Nuno Guimarães-Camboa
- Department of Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Braden
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Colin Luo
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan C Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sylvia Evans
- Department of Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen L Christman
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA..
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153
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Polyploidy and Myc Proto-Oncogenes Promote Stress Adaptation via Epigenetic Plasticity and Gene Regulatory Network Rewiring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179691. [PMID: 36077092 PMCID: PMC9456078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploid cells demonstrate biological plasticity and stress adaptation in evolution; development; and pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The nature of ploidy-related advantages is still not completely understood. Here, we summarize the literature on molecular mechanisms underlying ploidy-related adaptive features. Polyploidy can regulate gene expression via chromatin opening, reawakening ancient evolutionary programs of embryonality. Chromatin opening switches on genes with bivalent chromatin domains that promote adaptation via rapid induction in response to signals of stress or morphogenesis. Therefore, stress-associated polyploidy can activate Myc proto-oncogenes, which further promote chromatin opening. Moreover, Myc proto-oncogenes can trigger polyploidization de novo and accelerate genome accumulation in already polyploid cells. As a result of these cooperative effects, polyploidy can increase the ability of cells to search for adaptive states of cellular programs through gene regulatory network rewiring. This ability is manifested in epigenetic plasticity associated with traits of stemness, unicellularity, flexible energy metabolism, and a complex system of DNA damage protection, combining primitive error-prone unicellular repair pathways, advanced error-free multicellular repair pathways, and DNA damage-buffering ability. These three features can be considered important components of the increased adaptability of polyploid cells. The evidence presented here contribute to the understanding of the nature of stress resistance associated with ploidy and may be useful in the development of new methods for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.
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154
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Stobdan T, Sahoo D, Haddad GG. A Boolean approach for novel hypoxia-related gene discovery. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273524. [PMID: 36006949 PMCID: PMC9409593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays a major role in the etiology and pathogenesis of most of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, whether cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases or stroke. Despite active research on hypoxia-signaling pathways, the understanding of regulatory mechanisms, especially in specific tissues, still remain elusive. With the accessibility of thousands of potentially diverse genomic datasets, computational methods are utilized to generate new hypotheses. Here we utilized Boolean implication relationship, a powerful method to probe symmetrically and asymmetrically related genes, to identify novel hypoxia related genes. We used a well-known hypoxia-responsive gene, VEGFA, with very large human expression datasets (n = 25,955) to identify novel hypoxia-responsive candidate gene/s. Further, we utilized in-vitro analysis using human endothelial cells exposed to 1% O2 environment for 2, 8, 24 and 48 hours to validate top candidate genes. Out of the top candidate genes (n = 19), 84% genes were previously reported as hypoxia related, validating our results. However, we identified FAM114A1 as a novel candidate gene significantly upregulated in the endothelial cells at 8, 24 and 48 hours of 1% O2 environment. Additional evidence, particularly the localization of intronic miRNA and numerous HREs further support and strengthen our finding. Current results on FAM114A1 provide an example demonstrating the utility of powerful computational methods, like Boolean implications, in playing a major role in hypothesis building and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsering Stobdan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, United States of America
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155
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Chen Y, Wu G, Li M, Hesse M, Ma Y, Chen W, Huang H, Liu Y, Xu W, Tang Y, Zheng H, Li C, Lin Z, Chen G, Liao W, Liao Y, Bin J, Chen Y. LDHA-mediated metabolic reprogramming promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation by alleviating ROS and inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102446. [PMID: 36057161 PMCID: PMC9437906 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Metabolic switching during heart development contributes to postnatal cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle exit and loss of regenerative capacity in the mammalian heart. Metabolic control has potential for developing effective CM proliferation strategies. We sought to determine whether lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) regulated CM proliferation by inducing metabolic reprogramming. Methods and results LDHA expression was high in P1 hearts and significantly decreased during postnatal heart development. CM-specific LDHA knockout mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. CM-specific LDHA knockout inhibited CM proliferation, leading to worse cardiac function and a lower survival rate in the neonatal apical resection model. In contrast, CM-specific overexpression of LDHA promoted CM proliferation and cardiac repair post-MI. The α-MHC-H2B-mCh/CAG-eGFP-anillin system was used to confirm the proliferative effect triggered by LDHA on P7 CMs and adult hearts. Metabolomics, proteomics and Co-IP experiments indicated that LDHA-mediated succinyl coenzyme A reduction inhibited succinylation-dependent ubiquitination of thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), which alleviated ROS and thereby promoted CM proliferation. In addition, flow cytometry and western blotting showed that LDHA-driven lactate production created a beneficial cardiac regenerative microenvironment by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Conclusions LDHA-mediated metabolic reprogramming promoted CM proliferation by alleviating ROS and inducing M2 macrophage polarization, indicating that LDHA might be an effective target for promoting cardiac repair post-MI. Succinylation-dependent ubiquitination of Txnrd1 is a new mechanism involved in LDHA-mediated ROS alleviation during cardiomyocyte proliferation. LDHA-driven lactate production created a beneficial cardiac regenerative microenvironment by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. LDHA-mediated metabolic reprogramming promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation, indicating that LDHA might be a therapeutic target to promote cardiac repair post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangkai Wu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengsha Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guizhou University Hospital, Guiyang Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yusheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxiang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuling Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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156
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Ali M, LaCanna R, Lian Z, Huang J, Tan Y, Shao W, Yu X, Tian Y. Transcriptional responses to injury of regenerative lung alveolar epithelium. iScience 2022; 25:104843. [PMID: 35996586 PMCID: PMC9391595 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cell proliferation for lung alveolar epithelial homeostasis and regeneration after injury has been widely accepted. However, the heterogeneity of AT2 cell population for cell proliferation capacity remains disputed. By single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic lineage labeling using the Ki67 knock-in mouse model, we map all proliferative AT2 cells in homeostatic and regenerating murine lungs after injury induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. The proliferative AT2 cell population displays a unique transcriptional program, which is regulated by activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) transcription factors. Overexpression of these two transcription factors in AT2 cells promoted AT2 cell proliferation and improved lung function after injury. These results indicate that increased expression of ATF3 and THRA at the onset of lung epithelial regeneration is required to permit rapid AT2 cell proliferation and hence progression through the recovery of lung epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Wenna Shao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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157
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Shengyu C, Yinhua L, Yuanhong L, Jinbo Z, Can F, Hao X, Changjiang Z. Selenium alleviates heart remodeling through Sirt1/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109158. [PMID: 35987147 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Selenium, reported as an important medium for maintaining the body's homeostasis, acts to have multiple bioeffects including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis effects. However, its role in heart failure still remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of selenium on heart failure and its possible mechanism. The heart failure models were induced by aortic banding and isoproterenol. H&E, TUNEL and PSR staining were performed to detect the degree of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis rates and heart fibrosis, respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect different mRNA levels, and western blot was applied to assess the expressions of relative proteins. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate α-SMA density. We first found that treatment of selenium alleviated heart fibrosis and the development of heart failure but not cardiomyocyte cross sectional areas. Besides, selenium improved heart levels of superoxide dismutase2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and glutathione (GSH) and the activity of SOD, accompanied by decreased apoptosis rate. In addition, our in vitro study has shown that selenium reduced mRNA levels of collagen Ⅰ and collagen III, expressions of a-SMA, p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK-3β/ GSK-3β, apoptosis rates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H9C2 cardio-myoblasts treated with TGF-β1. Moreover, the level of Sirt1 was found to be up-regulated by selenium which effects were weakened after the administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-Sirt1 or EX527 (inhibitor of Sirt1). Our current results have demonstrated that the protective effects of selenium on heart hypertrophy is through the regulation of Sirt1 and AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Shengyu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luo Yinhua
- Department of Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Yuanhong
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, China
| | - Zhao Jinbo
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, China
| | - Fang Can
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhang Changjiang
- Department of Cardiology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China.
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158
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Hamledari H, Asghari P, Jayousi F, Aguirre A, Maaref Y, Barszczewski T, Ser T, Moore E, Wasserman W, Klein Geltink R, Teves S, Tibbits GF. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to understand the mechanisms driving cardiomyocyte maturation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:967659. [PMID: 36061558 PMCID: PMC9429949 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.967659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and reduced quality of life globally. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provide a personalized platform to study inherited heart diseases, drug-induced cardiac toxicity, and cardiac regenerative therapy. However, the immaturity of CMs obtained by current strategies is a major hurdle in utilizing hiPSC-CMs at their fullest potential. Here, the major findings and limitations of current maturation methodologies to enhance the utility of hiPSC-CMs in the battle against a major source of morbidity and mortality are reviewed. The most recent knowledge of the potential signaling pathways involved in the transition of fetal to adult CMs are assimilated. In particular, we take a deeper look on role of nutrient sensing signaling pathways and the potential role of cap-independent translation mediated by the modulation of mTOR pathway in the regulation of cardiac gap junctions and other yet to be identified aspects of CM maturation. Moreover, a relatively unexplored perspective on how our knowledge on the effects of preterm birth on cardiovascular development can be actually utilized to enhance the current understanding of CM maturation is examined. Furthermore, the interaction between the evolving neonatal human heart and brown adipose tissue as the major source of neonatal thermogenesis and its endocrine function on CM development is another discussed topic which is worthy of future investigation. Finally, the current knowledge regarding transcriptional mediators of CM maturation is still limited. The recent studies have produced the groundwork to better understand CM maturation in terms of providing some of the key factors involved in maturation and development of metrics for assessment of maturation which proves essential for future studies on in vitro PSC-CMs maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Hamledari
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parisa Asghari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Farah Jayousi
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alejandro Aguirre
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yasaman Maaref
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tiffany Barszczewski
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Terri Ser
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edwin Moore
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wyeth Wasserman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ramon Klein Geltink
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheila Teves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Glen F. Tibbits
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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159
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N6-methyladenosine modulates long non-coding RNA in the developing mouse heart. Cell Death Discov 2022; 8:329. [PMID: 35858921 PMCID: PMC9300643 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were reported to potentially play a regulatory role in the process of myocardial regeneration in the neonatal mouse. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification may play a key role in myocardial regeneration in mice and regulates a variety of biological processes through affecting the stability of lncRNAs. However, the map of m6A modification of lncRNAs in mouse cardiac development still remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the differences in the m6A status of lncRNAs during mouse cardiac development and reveal a potential role of m6A modification modulating lncRNAs in cardiac development and myocardial regeneration during cardiac development in mice. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of the heart tissue in C57BL/6 J mice at postnatal day 1 (P1), P7 and P28 were performed to produce stagewise cardiac lncRNA m6A-methylomes in a parallel timeframe with the established loss of an intrinsic cardiac regeneration capacity and early postnatal development. There were significant differences in the distribution and abundance of m6A modifications in lncRNAs in the P7 vs P1 mice. In addition, the functional role of m6A in regulating lncRNA levels was established for selected transcripts with METTL3 silencing in neonatal cardiomyocytes in vitro. Based on our MeRIP-qPCR experiment data, both lncGm15328 and lncRNA Zfp597, that were not previously associated with cardiac regeneration, were found to be the most differently methylated at P1-P7. These two lncRNAs sponged several miRNAs which further regulated multiple mRNAs, including some of which have previously been linked with cardiac regeneration ability. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that differential m6A modifications were more enriched in functions and cellular signalling pathways related to cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our data suggested that the m6A modification on lncRNAs may play an important role in the regeneration of myocardium and cardiac development. The graphical abstract of the potential mechanism of m6A modulates long non-coding RNA in the developing mouse heart.![]()
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160
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Ko T, Nomura S. Manipulating Cardiomyocyte Plasticity for Heart Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:929256. [PMID: 35898398 PMCID: PMC9309349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.929256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological heart injuries such as myocardial infarction induce adverse ventricular remodeling and progression to heart failure owing to widespread cardiomyocyte death. The adult mammalian heart is terminally differentiated unlike those of lower vertebrates. Therefore, the proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes is limited and insufficient to restore an injured heart. Although current therapeutic approaches can delay progressive remodeling and heart failure, difficulties with the direct replenishment of lost cardiomyocytes results in a poor long-term prognosis for patients with heart failure. However, it has been revealed that cardiac function can be improved by regulating the cell cycle or changing the cell state of cardiomyocytes by delivering specific genes or small molecules. Therefore, manipulation of cardiomyocyte plasticity can be an effective treatment for heart disease. This review summarizes the recent studies that control heart regeneration by manipulating cardiomyocyte plasticity with various approaches including differentiating pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes, reprogramming cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes, and reactivating the proliferation of cardiomyocytes.
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161
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Duan X, Liu X, Zhan Z. Metabolic Regulation of Cardiac Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:933060. [PMID: 35872916 PMCID: PMC9304552 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.933060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality due to heart diseases remains highest in the world every year, with ischemic cardiomyopathy being the prime cause. The irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes following myocardial injury leads to compromised contractility of the remaining myocardium, adverse cardiac remodeling, and ultimately heart failure. The hearts of adult mammals can hardly regenerate after cardiac injury since adult cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle. Nonetheless, the hearts of early neonatal mammals possess a stronger capacity for regeneration. To improve the prognosis of patients with heart failure and to find the effective therapeutic strategies for it, it is essential to promote endogenous regeneration of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial metabolism maintains normal physiological functions of the heart and compensates for heart failure. In recent decades, the focus is on the changes in myocardial energy metabolism, including glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, in cardiac physiological and pathological states. In addition to being a source of energy, metabolites are becoming key regulators of gene expression and epigenetic patterns, which may affect heart regeneration. However, the myocardial energy metabolism during heart regeneration is majorly unknown. This review focuses on the role of energy metabolism in cardiac regeneration, intending to shed light on the strategies for manipulating heart regeneration and promoting heart repair after cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingguang Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Xingguang Liu,
| | - Zhenzhen Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenzhen Zhan,
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162
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Wang Y, Yu M, Hao K, Lei W, Tang M, Hu S. Cardiomyocyte Maturation-the Road is not Obstructed. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2966-2981. [PMID: 35788883 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) represent one of the most promising ways to treat cardiovascular diseases. High-purity cardiomyocytes (CM) from different cell sources could be obtained at present. However, the immature nature of these cardiomyocytes hinders its further clinical application. From immature to mature state, it involves structural, functional, and metabolic changes in cardiomyocytes. Generally, two types of culturing (2D and 3D) systems have been reported to induce cardiomyocyte maturation. 2D culture mainly achieves the maturation of cardiomyocytes through long-term culture, co-culture, supplementation of small molecule compounds, and the application of biophysical cues. The combined use of biomaterial's surface topography and biophysical cues also facilitates the maturation of cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte maturation is a complex process involving many signaling pathways, and current methods fail to fully reproduce this process. Therefore, analyzing the signaling pathway network related to the maturation and producing hPSC-CMs with adult-like phenotype is a challenge. In this review, we summarized the structural and functional differences between hPSC-CMs and mature cardiomyocytes, and introduced various methods to induce cardiomyocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Kaili Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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163
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Pianca N, Sacchi F, Umansky KB, Chirivì M, Iommarini L, Da Pra S, Papa V, Bongiovanni C, Miano C, Pontis F, Braga L, Tassinari R, Pantano E, Patnala RS, Mazzeschi M, Cenacchi G, Porcelli AM, Lauriola M, Ventura C, Giacca M, Rizzi R, Tzahor E, D'Uva G. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonization propels endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:617-633. [PMID: 39196236 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the physiological activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by glucocorticoids (GCs) promotes the maturation of cardiomyocytes during late gestation, but the effect on postnatal cardiac growth and regenerative plasticity is unclear. Here we demonstrate that the GC-GR axis restrains cardiomyocyte proliferation during postnatal development. Cardiomyocyte-specific GR ablation in conditional knockout (cKO) mice delayed the postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit, hypertrophic growth and cytoarchitectural maturation. GR-cKO hearts showed increased expression of genes involved in glucose catabolism and reduced expression of genes promoting fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Accordingly, oxygen consumption in GR-cKO cardiomyocytes was less dependent on fatty acid oxidation, and glycolysis inhibition reverted GR-cKO effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation. GR ablation or transient pharmacological inhibition after myocardial infarction in juvenile and/or adult mice facilitated cardiomyocyte survival, cell cycle re-entry and division, leading to cardiac muscle regeneration along with reduced scar formation. Thus, GR restrains heart regeneration and may represent a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pianca
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Kfir Baruch Umansky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maila Chirivì
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Da Pra
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotors Sciences, Anatomic Pathology at S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Bongiovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Miano
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Pontis
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Braga
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elvira Pantano
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martina Mazzeschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotors Sciences, Anatomic Pathology at S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy.
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164
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Ashraf S, Taegtmeyer H, Harmancey R. Prolonged cardiac NR4A2 activation causes dilated cardiomyopathy in mice. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:33. [PMID: 35776225 PMCID: PMC9249728 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors play a fundamental role in cardiovascular adaptation to stress. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2; NURR1) is an immediate-early gene and transcription factor with a versatile role throughout many organs. In the adult mammalian heart, and particularly in cardiac myocytes, NR4A2 is strongly up-regulated in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. The physiologic implications of this increase remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to interrogate the consequences of cardiac NR4A2 up-regulation under normal conditions and in response to pressure overload. In mice, tamoxifen-dependent, cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of NR4A2 led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, left ventricular dilation, heart failure, and death within 40 days. Chronic NR4A2 induction also precipitated cardiac decompensation during transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload. Mechanistically, NR4A2 caused adult cardiac myocytes to return to a fetal-like phenotype, with a switch to glycolytic metabolism and disassembly of sarcomeric structures. NR4A2 also re-activated cell cycle progression and stimulated DNA replication and karyokinesis but failed to induce cytokinesis, thereby promoting multinucleation of cardiac myocytes. Activation of cell cycle checkpoints led to induction of an apoptotic response which ultimately resulted in excessive loss of cardiac myocytes and impaired left ventricular contractile function. In summary, myocyte-specific overexpression of NR4A2 in the postnatal mammalian heart results in increased cell cycle re-entry and DNA replication but does not result in cardiac myocyte division. Our findings expose a novel function for the nuclear receptor as a critical regulator in the self-renewal of the cardiac myocyte and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ashraf
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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165
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Liu S, Li RG, Martin JF. The cell-autonomous and non–cell-autonomous roles of the Hippo pathway in heart regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 168:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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166
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Rigaud VO, Zarka C, Kurian J, Harlamova D, Elia A, Kasatkin N, Johnson J, Behanan M, Kraus L, Pepper H, Snyder NW, Mohsin S, Houser S, Khan M. UCP2 modulates cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity, acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation in response to moderate hypoxia. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155475. [PMID: 35771638 PMCID: PMC9462500 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental cardiac tissue is regenerative while operating under low oxygen. After birth, ambient oxygen is associated with cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit and regeneration. Likewise, cardiac metabolism undergoes a shift with cardiac maturation. Whether there are common regulators of cardiomyocyte cell cycle linking metabolism to oxygen tension remains unknown. The objective of the study is to determine whether mitochondrial UCP2 is a metabolic oxygen sensor regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) under moderate hypoxia showed increased cell cycle activity and UCP2 expression. NRVMs exhibited a metabolic shift towards glycolysis, reduced citrate synthase, mtDNA, ΔΨm and DNA damage/oxidative stress while loss of UCP2 reversed this phenotype. Next, WT and UCP2KO mice kept under hypoxia for 4 weeks showed significant decline in cardiac function that was more pronounced in UCP2KO animals. Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity was reduced while fibrosis and DNA damage was significantly increased in UCP2KO animals compared to WT under hypoxia. Mechanistically, UCP2 increased acetyl-CoA levels, histone acetylation and altered chromatin modifiers linking metabolism to cardiomyocyte cell cycle under hypoxia. Here, we show a novel role for mitochondrial UCP2 as an oxygen sensor regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity, acetyl-CoA levels and histone acetylation in response to moderate hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Oc Rigaud
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Clare Zarka
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Justin Kurian
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Daria Harlamova
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Andrea Elia
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Nicole Kasatkin
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Jaslyn Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Michael Behanan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Kraus
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Hannah Pepper
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Steven Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
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167
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Defining the molecular underpinnings controlling cardiomyocyte proliferation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:911-934. [PMID: 35723259 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shortly after birth, mammalian cardiomyocytes (CM) exit the cell cycle and cease to proliferate. The inability of adult CM to replicate renders the heart particularly vulnerable to injury. Restoration of CM proliferation would be an attractive clinical target for regenerative therapies that can preserve contractile function and thus prevent the development of heart failure. Our review focuses on recent progress in understanding the tight regulation of signaling pathways and their downstream molecular mechanisms that underly the inability of CM to proliferate in vivo. In this review, we describe the temporal expression of cell cycle activators e.g., cyclin/Cdk complexes and their inhibitors including p16, p21, p27 and members of the retinoblastoma gene family during gestation and postnatal life. The differential impact of members of the E2f transcription factor family and microRNAs on the regulation of positive and negative cell cycle factors is discussed. This review also highlights seminal studies that identified the coordination of signaling mechanisms that can potently activate CM cell cycle re-entry including the Wnt/Ctnnb1, Hippo, Pi3K-Akt and Nrg1-Erbb2/4 pathways. We also present an up-to-date account of landmark studies analyzing the effect of various genes such as Argin, Dystrophin, Fstl1, Meis1, Pitx2 and Pkm2 that are responsible for either inhibition or activation of CM cell division. All these reports describe bona fide therapeutically targets that could guide future clinical studies toward cardiac repair.
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168
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Mühlfeld C, Schipke J. Methodological Progress of Stereology in Cardiac Research and Its Application to Normal and Pathological Heart Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132032. [PMID: 35805115 PMCID: PMC9265976 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Design-based stereology is the gold standard for obtaining unbiased quantitative morphological data on volume, surface area, and length, as well as the number of tissues, cells or organelles. In cardiac research, the introduction of a stereological method to unbiasedly estimate the number of cardiomyocytes has considerably increased the use of stereology. Since its original description, various modifications to this method have been described. A particular field in which this method has been employed is the normal developmental life cycle of cardiomyocytes after birth, and particularly the question of when, during postnatal development, cardiomyocytes lose their capacity to divide and proliferate, and thus their inherent regenerative ability. This field is directly related to a second major application of stereology in recent years, addressing the question of what consequences intrauterine growth restriction has on the development of the heart, particularly of cardiomyocytes. Advances have also been made regarding the quantification of nerve fibers and collagen deposition as measures of heart innervation and fibrosis. In the present review article, we highlight the methodological progress made in the last 20 years and demonstrate how stereology has helped to gain insight into the process of normal cardiac development, and how it is affected by intrauterine growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
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169
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Abstract
It is well established that humans and other mammals are minimally regenerative compared with organisms such as zebrafish, salamander or amphibians. In recent years, however, the identification of regenerative potential in neonatal mouse tissues that normally heal poorly in adults has transformed our understanding of regenerative capacity in mammals. In this Review, we survey the mammalian tissues for which regenerative or improved neonatal healing has been established, including the heart, cochlear hair cells, the brain and spinal cord, and dense connective tissues. We also highlight common and/or tissue-specific mechanisms of neonatal regeneration, which involve cells, signaling pathways, extracellular matrix, immune cells and other factors. The identification of such common features across neonatal tissues may direct therapeutic strategies that will be broadly applicable to multiple adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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170
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Cardiomyocyte Proliferation from Fetal- to Adult- and from Normal- to Hypertrophy and Failing Hearts. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060880. [PMID: 35741401 PMCID: PMC9220194 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Death from injury to the heart from a variety of causes remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. The cardiomyocyte, the major contracting cell of the heart, is responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. During fetal development, these immature cardiomyocytes are small and rapidly divide to complete development of the heart by birth when they develop structural and functional characteristics of mature cells which prevent further division. All further growth of the heart after birth is due to an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes, hypertrophy. Following the loss of functional cardiomyocytes due to coronary artery occlusion or other causes, the heart is unable to replace the lost cells. One of the significant research goals has been to induce adult cardiomyocytes to reactivate the cell cycle and repair cardiac injury. This review explores the developmental, structural, and functional changes of the growing cardiomyocyte, and particularly the sarcomere, responsible for force generation, from the early fetal period of reproductive cell growth through the neonatal period and on to adulthood, as well as during pathological response to different forms of myocardial diseases or injury. Multiple issues relative to cardiomyocyte cell-cycle regulation in normal or diseased conditions are discussed. Abstract The cardiomyocyte undergoes dramatic changes in structure, metabolism, and function from the early fetal stage of hyperplastic cell growth, through birth and the conversion to hypertrophic cell growth, continuing to the adult stage and responding to various forms of stress on the myocardium, often leading to myocardial failure. The fetal cell with incompletely formed sarcomeres and other cellular and extracellular components is actively undergoing mitosis, organelle dispersion, and formation of daughter cells. In the first few days of neonatal life, the heart is able to repair fully from injury, but not after conversion to hypertrophic growth. Structural and metabolic changes occur following conversion to hypertrophic growth which forms a barrier to further cardiomyocyte division, though interstitial components continue dividing to keep pace with cardiac growth. Both intra- and extracellular structural changes occur in the stressed myocardium which together with hemodynamic alterations lead to metabolic and functional alterations of myocardial failure. This review probes some of the questions regarding conditions that regulate normal and pathologic growth of the heart.
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Zhu W, Sun J, Bishop SP, Sadek H, Zhang J. Turning back the clock: A concise viewpoint of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activation for myocardial regeneration and repair. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 170:15-21. [PMID: 35660800 PMCID: PMC9391298 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) could progress to end-stage congestive heart failure, which is one of the most significant problems in public health. From the molecular and cellular perspective, heart failure often results from the loss of cardiomyocytes-the fundamental contractile unit of the heart-and the damage caused by myocardial injury in adult mammals cannot be repaired, in part because mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo cell-cycle arrest during the early perinatal period. However, recent studies in the hearts of neonatal small and large mammals suggest that the onset of cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest can be reversed, which may lead to the development of entirely new strategies for the treatment of heart failure. In this Viewpoint, we summarize these and other provocative findings about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and how they may be targeted to turn back the clock of cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest and improve recovery from cardiac injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Sanford P Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Hesham Sadek
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
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Pentachloronitrobenzene Reduces the Proliferative Capacity of Zebrafish Embryonic Cardiomyocytes via Oxidative Stress. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060299. [PMID: 35736907 PMCID: PMC9231182 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is an organochlorine protective fungicide mainly used as a soil and seed fungicide. Currently, there are few reports on the toxicity of PCNB to zebrafish embryo. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of PCNB in aquatic vertebrates using a zebrafish model. Exposure of zebrafish embryos to PCNB at concentrations of 0.25 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, and 0.75 mg/L from 6 hpf to 72 hpf resulted in abnormal embryonic development, including cardiac malformation, pericardial edema, decreased heart rate, decreased blood flow velocity, deposition at yolk sac, shortened body length, and increased distance between venous sinus and arterial bulb (SV-BA). The expression of genes related to cardiac development was disordered. However, due to the unstable embryo status in the 0.75 mg/L exposure concentration group, the effect of PCNB on the expression levels of cardiac-related genes was not concentration-dependent. We found that PCNB increased reactive oxygen species stress levels in zebrafish, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and catalase (CAT) activity, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The increased level of oxidative stress reduced the proliferation ability of zebrafish cardiomyocytes, and the expressions of zebrafish proliferation-related genes such as cdk-2, cdk-6, ccnd1, and ccne1 were significantly down-regulated. Astaxanthin (AST) attenuates PCNB-induced reduction in zebrafish cardiomyocyte proliferation by reducing oxidative stress levels. Our study shows that PCNB can cause severe oxidative stress in zebrafish, thereby reducing the proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes, resulting in zebrafish cardiotoxicity.
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Inci N, Kamali D, Akyildiz EO, Tahir Turanli E, Bozaykut P. Translation of Cellular Senescence to Novel Therapeutics: Insights From Alternative Tools and Models. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:828058. [PMID: 35821852 PMCID: PMC9261353 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.828058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing chronological age is the greatest risk factor for human diseases. Cellular senescence (CS), which is characterized by permanent cell-cycle arrest, has recently emerged as a fundamental mechanism in developing aging-related pathologies. During the aging process, senescent cell accumulation results in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which plays an essential role in tissue dysfunction. Although discovered very recently, senotherapeutic drugs have been already involved in clinical studies. This review gives a summary of the molecular mechanisms of CS and its role particularly in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as the leading cause of death. In addition, it addresses alternative research tools including the nonhuman and human models as well as computational techniques for the discovery of novel therapies. Finally, senotherapeutic approaches that are mainly classified as senolytics and senomorphics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Inci
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilanur Kamali
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdogan Oguzhan Akyildiz
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Tahir Turanli
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perinur Bozaykut
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Metabolic Determinants in Cardiomyocyte Function and Heart Regenerative Strategies. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060500. [PMID: 35736435 PMCID: PMC9227827 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. The associated pathology is characterized by a loss of cardiomyocytes that leads, eventually, to heart failure. In this context, several cardiac regenerative strategies have been developed, but they still lack clinical effectiveness. The mammalian neonatal heart is capable of substantial regeneration following injury, but this capacity is lost at postnatal stages when cardiomyocytes become terminally differentiated and transit to the fetal metabolic switch. Cardiomyocytes are metabolically versatile cells capable of using an array of fuel sources, and the metabolism of cardiomyocytes suffers extended reprogramming after injury. Apart from energetic sources, metabolites are emerging regulators of epigenetic programs driving cell pluripotency and differentiation. Thus, understanding the metabolic determinants that regulate cardiomyocyte maturation and function is key for unlocking future metabolic interventions for cardiac regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the emerging role of metabolism and nutrient signaling in cardiomyocyte function and repair, as well as whether exploiting this axis could potentiate current cellular regenerative strategies for the mammalian heart.
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175
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Zhang H, Pei L, Ouyang Z, Wang H, Chen X, Jiang K, Huang S, Jiang R, Xiang Y, Wei K. AP-1 activation mediates postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:536-550. [PMID: 35640820 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Postnatal maturation of mammalian cardiomyocytes proceeds rapidly after birth, with most of the myocytes exiting cell cycle, becoming binucleated, and adopting oxidative phosphorylation as the primary metabolic route. The triggers and transcriptional programs regulating cardiomyocyte maturation have not been fully understood yet. We performed single cell RNA-Seq in postnatal rat hearts in order to identify the important factors for this process. METHODS AND RESULTS Single cell RNA-Seq profiling was performed of postnatal day 1 and day 7 rat hearts, and we found that members of the AP-1 transcription factors showed a transient upregulation in the maturing cardiomyocytes, suggesting their functional involvement in the process. Activating members of the AP-1 family by palmitate or adrenergic stimulation inhibited cardiomyocyte cytokinesis and promoted cardiomyocyte maturation. In contrast, knocking down AP-1 members Atf3 and Jun promoted cardiomyocyte cytokinesis, reduced polyploidy and inhibited maturation. Mechanistically, RNA-Seq results and rescue experiments indicated that AP-1 members activate the expression of fatty acid metabolic genes to promote cardiomyocyte maturation. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of AP-1 inhibitor T-5224 in neonatal mice inhibits cardiomyocyte maturation in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results are the first evidence implicating AP-1 transcription factors in postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation both in vitro and in vivo, which expand our understanding of the molecular mechanism of cardiomyocyte maturation, and may lead to novel therapies to treat congenital heart diseases. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation is a crucial process of cardiac development that determines fitness of the adult heart, and can be affected by multiple congenital heart diseases which lead to adult heart conditions. Our finding that AP-1 transcription factors transiently activated by multiple cues such as fatty acid and adrenergic signal promote cardiomyocyte maturation provided novel targets for therapeutic intervention, which may be applied during the narrow time window of postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation to treat congenital heart diseases and limit their impact on the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Pei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Ouyang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Haocun Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yaozu Xiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Nishiyama C, Saito Y, Sakaguchi A, Kaneko M, Kiyonari H, Xu Y, Arima Y, Uosaki H, Kimura W. Prolonged Myocardial Regenerative Capacity in Neonatal Opossum. Circulation 2022; 146:125-139. [PMID: 35616010 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neonates of both large and small mammals are able to regenerate the myocardium through cardiomyocyte proliferation for only a short period after birth. This myocardial regenerative capacity declines in parallel with withdrawal of cardiomyocytes from the cell cycle in the first few postnatal days. No mammalian species examined to date has been found capable of a meaningful regenerative response to myocardial injury later than 1 week after birth. METHODS We examined cardiomyocyte proliferation in neonates of the marsupial opossum (Monodelphis domestica) by immunostaining at various times after birth. The regenerative capacity of the postnatal opossum myocardium was assessed after either apex resection or induction of myocardial infarction at postnatal day 14 or 29, whereas that of the postnatal mouse myocardium was assessed after myocardial infarction at postnatal day 7. Bioinformatics data analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and pharmacological and genetic intervention were applied to determine the role of AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) signaling in regulation of the mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle. RESULTS Opossum neonates were found to manifest cardiomyocyte proliferation for at least 2 weeks after birth at a frequency similar to that apparent in early neonatal mice. Moreover, the opossum heart at postnatal day 14 showed substantial regenerative capacity both after apex resection and after myocardial infarction injury, whereas this capacity had diminished by postnatal day 29. Transcriptomic and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that AMPK signaling is activated in postnatal cardiomyocytes of both opossum and mouse. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of AMPK signaling was sufficient to extend the postnatal window of cardiomyocyte proliferation in both mouse and opossum neonates as well as of cardiac regeneration in neonatal mice. CONCLUSIONS The marsupial opossum maintains cardiomyocyte proliferation and a capacity for myocardial regeneration for at least 2 weeks after birth. As far as we are aware, this is the longest postnatal duration of such a capacity among mammals examined to date. AMPK signaling was implicated as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of mammalian postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (C.N., Y.S., A.S., W.K.)
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (C.N., Y.S., A.S., W.K.)
| | - Akane Sakaguchi
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (C.N., Y.S., A.S., W.K.)
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (M.K., H.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (M.K., H.K.)
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Laboratory for Developmental Cardiology, International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Japan (Y.X., Y.A.)
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Laboratory for Developmental Cardiology, International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Japan (Y.X., Y.A.)
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan (H.U.)
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (C.N., Y.S., A.S., W.K.)
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Gan L, Li Q, Pan J, Chen L. Glucocorticoids rapidly promote YAP phosphorylation via the cAMP-PKA pathway to repress mouse cardiomyocyte proliferative potential. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 548:111615. [PMID: 35278645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) lose their proliferative potential due to cell-cycle withdrawal and polyploidization and fail to mount a proliferative response to regenerate new CMs after cardiac injury. The decline in the proliferative potential of mammalian CMs occurs in the neonatal period when the endocrine system undergoes drastic changes for adaptation to extra-uterine life. There is an increase in circulating glucocorticoid (GC) levels shortly after birth in mammals, and thus, we sought to determine the roles and mechanisms of GCs in regulating CM proliferation. Here, we showed that GCs suppressed CM proliferation in vitro and in vivo, decreased the total number of CMs, and increased the cross-sectional area of CMs. However, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist had no effect on CM proliferation. Agonists of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibited CM proliferation, while PKA antagonists or knockdown of PKA alleviated the inhibitory effect of GCs on CM proliferation. GCs and the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA signaling pathway facilitated yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation in mouse CMs and promoted YAP protein translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Meanwhile, blocking the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway partially blocked the effect of GCs on YAP protein phosphorylation and YAP protein translocation. Thus, our findings suggest that GCs suppress mouse CM proliferation in vitro and in vivo, through a mechanism that involves targeting the cAMP-PKA-YAP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qiyong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jigang Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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The Vascular Niche for Adult Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050882. [PMID: 35624750 PMCID: PMC9137669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on cardiac progenitor cell populations has generated expectations about their potential for cardiac regeneration capacity after acute myocardial infarction and during physiological aging; however, the endogenous capacity of the adult mammalian heart is limited. The modest efficacy of exogenous cell-based treatments can guide the development of new approaches that, alone or in combination, can be applied to boost clinical efficacy. The identification and manipulation of the adult stem cell environment, termed niche, will be critical for providing new evidence on adult stem cell populations and improving stem-cell-based therapies. Here, we review and discuss the state of our understanding of the interaction of adult cardiac progenitor cells with other cardiac cell populations, with a focus on the description of the B-CPC progenitor population (Bmi1+ cardiac progenitor cell), which is a strong candidate progenitor for all main cardiac cell lineages, both in the steady state and after cardiac damage. The set of all interactions should be able to define the vascular cardiac stem cell niche, which is associated with low oxidative stress domains in vasculature, and whose manipulation would offer new hope in the cardiac regeneration field.
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Murganti F, Derks W, Baniol M, Simonova I, Trus P, Neumann K, Khattak S, Guan K, Bergmann O. FUCCI-Based Live Imaging Platform Reveals Cell Cycle Dynamics and Identifies Pro-proliferative Compounds in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:840147. [PMID: 35548410 PMCID: PMC9081338 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.840147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major goals in cardiac regeneration research is to replace lost ventricular tissue with new cardiomyocytes. However, cardiomyocyte proliferation drops to low levels in neonatal hearts and is no longer efficient in compensating for the loss of functional myocardium in heart disease. We generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte-specific cell cycle indicator system (TNNT2-FUCCI) to characterize regular and aberrant cardiomyocyte cycle dynamics. We visualized cell cycle progression in TNNT2-FUCCI and found G2 cycle arrest in endoreplicating cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we devised a live-cell compound screening platform to identify pro-proliferative drug candidates. We found that the alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro and increased cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry in neonatal mice. In conclusion, the TNNT2-FUCCI system is a versatile tool to characterize cardiomyocyte cell cycle dynamics and identify pro-proliferative candidates with regenerative potential in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wouter Derks
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marion Baniol
- Karolinska Institute, Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Simonova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Palina Trus
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland (RCSI) in Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Karolinska Institute, Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Olaf Bergmann
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Pcsk6 Deficiency Promotes Cardiomyocyte Senescence by Modulating Ddit3-Mediated ER Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040711. [PMID: 35456517 PMCID: PMC9028967 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac aging is a critical determinant of cardiac dysfunction, which contributes to cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 6 (PCSK6) is a proteolytic enzyme important for the maintenance of cardiac function and vascular homeostasis. To date, the involvement of PCSK6 in cardiac aging remains unknown. Here we report that PCSK6 expression decreased in the hearts of aged mice, where high levels cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) (senescence markers) were observed. Moreover, PCSK6 protein expression was significantly reduced in senescent rat embryonic cardiomyocytes (H9c2) induced by D-galactose. Pcsk6 knockdown in H9c2 cells increased P16 and P21 expression levels and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Pcsk6 knockdown also impaired cardiomyocyte function, as indicated by increased advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species level, and apoptosis. Overexpression of PCSK6 blunted the senescence phenotype and cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis in Pcsk6-knockdown H9c2 cells identified the up-regulated DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 (Ddit3) gene involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein processing. Additionally, DDIT3 protein levels were remarkably increased in aged mouse hearts. In the presence of tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer, DDIT3 expression increased in Pcsk6-deficient H9c2 cells but reduced in PCSK6-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PCSK6 modulates cardiomyocyte senescence possibly via DDIT3-mediated ER stress.
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181
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Pettinato AM, Ladha FA, Hinson JT. The Cardiac Sarcomere and Cell Cycle. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:623-630. [PMID: 35380383 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The lack of adult human cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity impairs cardiac regeneration such as after myocardial injury. The sarcomere, a specialized actin cytoskeletal structure that is essential for twitch contraction in cardiomyocytes, has been considered a critical factor limiting adult human cardiomyocyte proliferation through incompletely understood mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS This review summarizes known and emerging regulatory mechanisms connecting the human cardiomyocyte sarcomere to cell cycle regulation including structural and signaling mechanisms. Cardiac regeneration could be augmented through targeting the inhibitory effects of the sarcomere on cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feria A Ladha
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - J Travis Hinson
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. .,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA. .,Cardiology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. .,UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Methods of mouse cardiomyocyte isolation from postnatal heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 168:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hulikova A, Park KC, Loonat AA, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Curtis MK, Chung YJ, Wilson A, Carr CA, Trafford AW, Fournier M, Moshnikova A, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Riley PR, Smart N, Milne TA, Crump NT, Swietach P. Alkaline nucleoplasm facilitates contractile gene expression in the mammalian heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:17. [PMID: 35357563 PMCID: PMC8971196 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac contractile strength is recognised as being highly pH-sensitive, but less is known about the influence of pH on cardiac gene expression, which may become relevant in response to changes in myocardial metabolism or vascularization during development or disease. We sought evidence for pH-responsive cardiac genes, and a physiological context for this form of transcriptional regulation. pHLIP, a peptide-based reporter of acidity, revealed a non-uniform pH landscape in early-postnatal myocardium, dissipating in later life. pH-responsive differentially expressed genes (pH-DEGs) were identified by transcriptomics of neonatal cardiomyocytes cultured over a range of pH. Enrichment analysis indicated "striated muscle contraction" as a pH-responsive biological process. Label-free proteomics verified fifty-four pH-responsive gene-products, including contractile elements and the adaptor protein CRIP2. Using transcriptional assays, acidity was found to reduce p300/CBP acetylase activity and, its a functional readout, inhibit myocardin, a co-activator of cardiac gene expression. In cultured myocytes, acid-inhibition of p300/CBP reduced H3K27 acetylation, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. H3K27ac levels were more strongly reduced at promoters of acid-downregulated DEGs, implicating an epigenetic mechanism of pH-sensitive gene expression. By tandem cytoplasmic/nuclear pH imaging, the cardiac nucleus was found to exercise a degree of control over its pH through Na+/H+ exchangers at the nuclear envelope. Thus, we describe how extracellular pH signals gain access to the nucleus and regulate the expression of a subset of cardiac genes, notably those coding for contractile proteins and CRIP2. Acting as a proxy of a well-perfused myocardium, alkaline conditions are permissive for expressing genes related to the contractile apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Hulikova
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Aminah A Loonat
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Mala Gunadasa-Rohling
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - M Kate Curtis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Yu Jin Chung
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Abigail Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marjorie Fournier
- Department of Biochemistry, Advanced Proteomics Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Moshnikova
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Oleg A Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Yana K Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Nicola Smart
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas T Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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184
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Hu Z, Chen P, Wang L, Zhu Y, Chen G, Chen Y, Hu Z, Mei L, You W, Cong W, Jin L, Wang X, Wang Y, Guan X. FGF6 promotes cardiac repair after myocardial infarction by inhibiting the Hippo pathway. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13221. [PMID: 35355356 PMCID: PMC9136516 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myocardial infarction (MI) commonly occurs in patients with coronary artery disease and have high mortality. Current clinical strategies for MI still limited to reducing the death of myocardial cells but failed to replace these cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of fibroblast growth factor 6 (FGF6) in enhancing the proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes (CMs) after ischemic injury via the Hippo pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of FGF6 protein was analysed in mice with MI induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Activation of the Hippo pathway and the proliferation potential were examined in ischemic CMs, treated with FGF6 protein or transfected with an adeno-virus carrying FGF6 sh-RNA. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were performed to assess the relationship between FGF6 and the Hippo pathway. RESULTS We found that FGF6 expression was significantly increased in the MI mouse model. Knockdown of FGF6 synthesis resulted in poorer heart function after MI. By contrast, treatment with recombinant human FGF6 protein improved heart function, reduced infarct size, and promoted cardiac repair. Additionally, FGF6 restrains the activation of the Hippo pathway and subsequently promotes nuclear accumulation of YAP. This was largely counteracted by treatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor U0126. CONCLUSION FGF6 inhibits the Hippo pathway via ERK1/2, and facilitates nuclear translocation of YAP, and thereby promotes cardiac repair after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yunjie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo first Hospital, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weijing You
- School of Medical Technology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xueqiang Guan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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185
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Polyploidy as a Fundamental Phenomenon in Evolution, Development, Adaptation and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073542. [PMID: 35408902 PMCID: PMC8998937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication during cell proliferation is 'vertical' copying, which reproduces an initial amount of genetic information. Polyploidy, which results from whole-genome duplication, is a fundamental complement to vertical copying. Both organismal and cell polyploidy can emerge via premature cell cycle exit or via cell-cell fusion, the latter giving rise to polyploid hybrid organisms and epigenetic hybrids of somatic cells. Polyploidy-related increase in biological plasticity, adaptation, and stress resistance manifests in evolution, development, regeneration, aging, oncogenesis, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the prevalence in nature and importance for medicine, agri- and aquaculture, biological processes and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these fundamental features largely remain unknown. The evolutionarily conserved features of polyploidy include activation of transcription, response to stress, DNA damage and hypoxia, and induction of programs of morphogenesis, unicellularity, and longevity, suggesting that these common features confer adaptive plasticity, viability, and stress resistance to polyploid cells and organisms. By increasing cell viability, polyploidization can provide survival under stressful conditions where diploid cells cannot survive. However, in somatic cells it occurs at the expense of specific function, thus promoting developmental programming of adult cardiovascular diseases and increasing the risk of cancer. Notably, genes arising via evolutionary polyploidization are heavily involved in cancer and other diseases. Ploidy-related changes of gene expression presumably originate from chromatin modifications and the derepression of bivalent genes. The provided evidence elucidates the role of polyploidy in evolution, development, aging, and carcinogenesis, and may contribute to the development of new strategies for promoting regeneration and preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
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186
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Regulation of Epicardial Cell Fate during Cardiac Development and Disease: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063220. [PMID: 35328640 PMCID: PMC8950551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardium is the outermost cell layer in the vertebrate heart that originates during development from mesothelial precursors located in the proepicardium and septum transversum. The epicardial layer plays a key role during cardiogenesis since a subset of epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) undergo an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT); migrate into the myocardium; and differentiate into distinct cell types, such as coronary vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and presumably a subpopulation of cardiomyocytes, thus contributing to complete heart formation. Furthermore, the epicardium is a source of paracrine factors that support cardiac growth at the last stages of cardiogenesis. Although several lineage trace studies have provided some evidence about epicardial cell fate determination, the molecular mechanisms underlying epicardial cell heterogeneity remain not fully understood. Interestingly, seminal works during the last decade have pointed out that the adult epicardium is reactivated after heart damage, re-expressing some embryonic genes and contributing to cardiac remodeling. Therefore, the epicardium has been proposed as a potential target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the previous knowledge regarding the regulation of epicardial cell contribution during development and the control of epicardial reactivation in cardiac repair after damage.
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187
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Zhu Y, Yang W, Wang H, Tang F, Zhu Y, Zhu Q, Ma R, Jian Z, Xiao Y. Hypoxia-primed monocytes/macrophages enhance postinfarction myocardial repair. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:307-323. [PMID: 34987647 PMCID: PMC8690923 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxygen supplementation in myocardial infarction (MI) remains controversial. Inflammation is widely believed to play a central role in myocardial repair. A better understanding of these processes may lead to the design of novel strategies complementary to MI treatment. Methods: To investigate the role of hypoxia in inflammation and myocardial repair after acute MI, we placed MI mice in a tolerable mild hypoxia (10% O2) chamber for 7 days and then transferred the mice to ambient air for another 3 weeks. Results: We found that the cumulative survival rate of the MI mice under hypoxia was significantly higher than that under oxygen supplementation. Hypoxia promoted postinfarction myocardial repair. Importantly, we found that hypoxia modulated the phenotypic transition of blood monocytes from pro-inflammatory to pro-reparative in a timely manner, leading to the subsequent discontinuation of inflammation in myocardial tissues and promotion of myocardial repair post-MI. Specifically, cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) primed by hypoxia in vitro exhibited improved reparative capacities and differed from M1 and M2 macrophages through the AMPKα2 signaling pathway. The deletion of AMPKα2 in monocytes/macrophages prevented the phenotypic transition induced by hypoxia and could not promote myocardial repair after MI when transplanted into the myocardium. Conclusions: Taken together, our work demonstrates that hypoxia promotes postinfarction myocardial repair by modulating the blood monocyte/macrophage phenotypic transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-reparative in a timely manner through the AMPKα2 signaling pathway. Hypoxia priming might be an attractive translational strategy for MI treatment by amplifying immune cells during early inflammation and subsequent resolution and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.,Vascular Injury and Repair Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.,Vascular Injury and Repair Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuqin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.,Vascular Injury and Repair Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.,Vascular Injury and Repair Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.,Vascular Injury and Repair Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.,Vascular Injury and Repair Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingbin Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.,Vascular Injury and Repair Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
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188
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Tan J, Yang M, Wang H, Shen C, Wu M, Xu H, Wu Y, Li Y, Li X, Huang T, Deng S, Yang Z, Gao S, Li H, Zhou J, Chen H, Cao N, Cai W. Moderate heart rate reduction promotes cardiac regeneration through stimulation of the metabolic pattern switch. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110468. [PMID: 35263588 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a biological pump, the heart needs to consume a substantial amount of energy to maintain sustained beating. Myocardial energy metabolism was recently reported to be related to the loss of proliferative capacity in cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, the intrinsic relationship between beating rate and proliferation in CMs and whether energy metabolism can regulate this relationship remains unclear. In this study, we find that moderate heart rate reduction (HRR) induces CM proliferation under physiological conditions and promotes cardiac regenerative repair after myocardial injury. Mechanistically, moderate HRR induces G1/S transition and increases the expression of glycolytic enzymes in CMs. Furthermore, moderate HRR induces a metabolic pattern switch, activating glucose metabolism and increasing the relative proportion of ATP production by the glycolytic pathway for biosynthesis of substrates needed for proliferative CMs. These results highlight the potential therapeutic role of HRR in not only acute myocardial protection but also long-term CM restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Conghui Shen
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Maoxiong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - He Xu
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yandi Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanlong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tongsheng Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shijie Deng
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Saifei Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaguo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Nan Cao
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Weibin Cai
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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189
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Fu W, Ren H, Shou J, Liao Q, Li L, Shi Y, Jose PA, Zeng C, Wang WE. Loss of NPPA-AS1 promotes heart regeneration by stabilizing SFPQ-NONO heteromer-induced DNA repair. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:10. [PMID: 35247074 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in endogenous cardiac regeneration remains largely elusive. The mammalian cardiomyocyte is capable of regeneration for a brief period after birth. This fact allows the exploration of the roles of critical lncRNAs in the regulation of cardiac regeneration. Through a cardiac regeneration model by apical resection (AR) of the left ventricle in neonatal mice, we identified an lncRNA named natriuretic peptide A antisense RNA 1 (NPPA-AS1), which negatively regulated cardiomyocyte proliferation. In neonates, NPPA-AS1 deletion did not affect heart development, but was sufficient to prolong the postnatal window of regeneration after AR. In adult mice, NPPA-AS1 deletion improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size after myocardial infarction (MI), associated with a significant improvement in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Further analysis showed that NPPA-AS1 interacted with DNA repair-related molecule splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ). A heteromer of SFPQ and non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) was required for double-strand DNA break repair, but NPPA-AS1 was competitively bound with SFPQ due to the overlapped binding sites of SFPQ and NONO. NPPA-AS1 deletion promoted the binding of SFPQ-NONO heteromer, decreased DNA damage, and activated cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry. Together, loss of NPPA-AS1 promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation by stabilizing SFPQ-NONO heteromer-induced DNA repair and exerted a therapeutic effect against MI in adult mice. Consequently, NPPA-AS1 may be a novel target for stimulating cardiac regeneration to treat MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialing Shou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Kidney Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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190
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Emanuelli G, Zoccarato A, Reumiller CM, Papadopoulos A, Chong M, Rebs S, Betteridge K, Beretta M, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Shah AM. A roadmap for the characterization of energy metabolism in human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 164:136-147. [PMID: 34923199 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) are an increasingly employed model in cardiac research and drug discovery. As cellular metabolism plays an integral role in determining phenotype, the characterization of the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM during maturation is crucial for their translational application. In this study we employ a combination of methods including extracellular flux, 13C-glucose enrichment and targeted metabolomics to characterize the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM during their maturation in culture from 6 weeks, up to 12 weeks. Results show a progressive remodeling of pathways involved in energy metabolism and substrate utilization along with an increase in sarcomere regularity. The oxidative capacity of hiPSC-CM and particularly their ability to utilize fatty acids increased with time. In parallel, relative glucose oxidation was reduced while glutamine oxidation was maintained at similar levels. There was also evidence of increased coupling of glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration, and away from glycolytic branch pathways at later stages of maturation. The rate of glycolysis as assessed by lactate production was maintained at both stages but with significant alterations in proximal glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. We observed a progressive maturation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity at comparable levels of mitochondrial content between these time-points with enhancement of mitochondrial network structure. These results show that the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM is progressively restructured, recapitulating aspects of early post-natal heart development. This would be particularly important to consider when employing these cell model in studies where metabolism plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Emanuelli
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Papadopoulos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Chong
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Betteridge
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Beretta
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
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191
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Heart regeneration: 20 years of progress and renewed optimism. Dev Cell 2022; 57:424-439. [PMID: 35231426 PMCID: PMC8896288 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and thus there remains great interest in regenerative approaches to treat heart failure. In the past 20 years, the field of heart regeneration has entered a renaissance period with remarkable progress in the understanding of endogenous heart regeneration, stem cell differentiation for exogenous cell therapy, and cell-delivery methods. In this review, we highlight how this new understanding can lead to viable strategies for human therapy. For the near term, drugs, electrical and mechanical devices, and heart transplantation will remain mainstays of cardiac therapies, but eventually regenerative therapies based on fundamental regenerative biology may offer more permanent solutions for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding author and lead contact: Richard T. Lee, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, Phone: 617-496-5394, Fax: 617-496-8351,
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192
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Carpaine Promotes Proliferation and Repair of H9c2 Cardiomyocytes after Oxidative Insults. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020230. [PMID: 35215343 PMCID: PMC8880139 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpaine has long been identified as the major alkaloid in Carica papaya leaves that possess muscle relaxant properties. Limited study on the molecular signaling properties of carpaine urges us to conduct this study that aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effect of carpaine in embryonic cardiomyocytes of the H9c2 cell line. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of carpaine was first determined using a colorimetric MTT assay to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration for the subsequent test. Using a 1 µM carpaine treatment, a significant increase in the H9c2 proliferation rate was observed following 24 and 48 h of incubation. A Western blot analysis also revealed that carpaine promotes the upregulation of the cell cycle marker proteins cyclin D1 and PCNA. Carpaine-induced H9c2 cell proliferation is mediated by the activation of the FAK-ERK1/2 and FAK-AKT signaling pathways. In the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), carpaine provided a significant protective role to recover the wounded area affected by the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. Furthermore, the oxidative-stress-induced reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were attenuated by carpaine treatment. The current study revealed a novel therapeutic potential of carpaine in promoting in vitro cardiomyocyte proliferation and repair following injury.
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193
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Cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction: the need for regeneration and a review of cardiac stromal cell populations used for transplantation. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:269-281. [PMID: 35129611 PMCID: PMC9042388 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally due to the inability of the adult human heart to regenerate after injury. Cell therapy using cardiac-derived progenitor populations emerged about two decades ago with the aim of replacing cells lost after ischaemic injury. Despite early promise from rodent studies, administration of these populations has not translated to the clinic. We will discuss the need for cardiac regeneration and review the debate surrounding how cardiac progenitor populations exert a therapeutic effect following transplantation into the heart, including their ability to form de novo cardiomyocytes and the release of paracrine factors. We will also discuss limitations hindering the cell therapy field, which include the challenges of performing cell-based clinical trials and the low retention of administered cells, and how future research may overcome them.
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194
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Janbandhu V, Tallapragada V, Patrick R, Li Y, Abeygunawardena D, Humphreys DT, Martin EM, Ward AO, Contreras O, Farbehi N, Yao E, Du J, Dunwoodie SL, Bursac N, Harvey RP. Hif-1a suppresses ROS-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts following myocardial infarction. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:281-297.e12. [PMID: 34762860 PMCID: PMC9021927 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and mesenchymal progenitors are more hypoxic than other cardiac interstitial populations, express more hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and exhibit increased glycolytic metabolism. CF-specific deletion of Hif-1a resulted in decreased HIF-1 target gene expression and increased mesenchymal progenitors in uninjured hearts and increased CF activation without proliferation following sham injury, as demonstrated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). After myocardial infarction (MI), however, there was ∼50% increased CF proliferation and excessive scarring and contractile dysfunction, a scenario replicated in 3D engineered cardiac microtissues. CF proliferation was associated with higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) as occurred also in wild-type mice treated with the mitochondrial ROS generator MitoParaquat (MitoPQ). The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO rescued Hif-1a mutant phenotypes. Thus, HIF-1α in CFs provides a critical braking mechanism against excessive post-ischemic CF activation and proliferation through regulation of mitochondrial ROS. CFs are potential cellular targets for designer antioxidant therapies in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia,Correspondence: (V.J.), (R.P.H.)
| | - Vikram Tallapragada
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph Patrick
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Dhanushi Abeygunawardena
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David T. Humphreys
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alexander O. Ward
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nona Farbehi
- Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ernestene Yao
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Junjie Du
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Sally L. Dunwoodie
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Lead contact,Correspondence: (V.J.), (R.P.H.)
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195
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Li Y, Yang M, Tan J, Shen C, Deng S, Fu X, Gao S, Li H, Zhang X, Cai W. Targeting ACSL1 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration. Life Sci 2022; 294:120371. [PMID: 35122795 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hearts have considerable regenerative potential within 7 days post birth (P7), but the rate of regeneration is extremely low after P7. Interestingly, lipid metabolism increases dramatically after P7. The similarities in these age profiles suggests a possible link between cardiac regeneration and lipid metabolism. Acyl CoA synthase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1) is the key enzyme that regulates lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to identify the role of ACSL1 in the regeneration of cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS The uptake of fatty acids in hearts increased after P7; however, myocardial regeneration was decreased. We profiled an RNA-sequence array of hearts from mice of different ages, including E10.5 (embryonic stage)-, 3-, 7-, 21-, 30-, and 60-day-old mice, and found that the expression of ACSL1 was significantly increased after P7. By establishing ACSL1 knockdown mice with adeno-associated virus (AAV9). Then, we verified that knockdown of ACSL1 enhanced the capacity for myocardial regeneration both in mice and in primary cardiomyocytes. Indeed, ACSL1 knockdown in primary cardiomyocytes promoted the cell cycle progression from G0 to G2 phase by regulating specific factors, which may correlate with the activation of AKT by ACSL1 and withdrawal of FOXO1 from the nucleus. In vivo, knockdown of ACSL1 effectively restored cardiac function and myocardial regeneration in adult mice with myocardial infarction (MI). CONCLUSIONS ACSL1 possibly induces the loss of the myocardial regenerative potential beginning at P7 in mice, and inhibition of ACSL1 effectively promoted myocardial repair after MI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Li
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Conghui Shen
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijie Deng
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinlu Fu
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Saifei Gao
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Emergency Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weibin Cai
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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196
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The role of metabolism in directed differentiation versus trans-differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 122:56-65. [PMID: 34074592 PMCID: PMC8725317 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and identification of transcription factors for cardiac reprogramming have raised hope to cure heart disease, the leading cause of death in the world. Our knowledge in heart development and molecular barriers of cardiac reprogramming is advancing, but many hurdles are yet to be overcome for clinical translation. Importantly, we lack a full understanding of molecular mechanisms governing cell fate conversion toward cardiomyocytes. In this review, we will discuss the role of metabolism in directed differentiation versus trans-differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes exhibit a unique metabolic feature distinct from PSCs and cardiac fibroblasts, and there are multiple overlapping molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming during cardiomyogenesis. We will discuss key metabolic changes occurring during cardiomyocytes differentiation from PSCs and cardiac fibroblasts, and the potential role of metabolic reprogramming in the enhancement strategies for cardiomyogenesis. Only when such details are discovered will more effective strategies to enhance the de novo production of cardiomyocytes be possible.
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197
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Wang X, Wan TC, Lauth A, Purdy AL, Kulik KR, Patterson M, Lough JW, Auchampach JA. Conditional depletion of the acetyltransferase Tip60 protects against the damaging effects of myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 163:9-19. [PMID: 34610340 PMCID: PMC8816866 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Injury from myocardial infarction (MI) and consequent post-MI remodeling is accompanied by massive loss of cardiomyocytes (CM), a cell type critical for contractile function that is for all practical purposes non-regenerable due to its profound state of proliferative senescence. Identification of factors that limit CM survival and/or constrain CM renewal provides potential therapeutic targets. Tip60, a pan-acetyltransferase encoded by the Kat5 gene, has been reported to activate apoptosis as well as multiple anti-proliferative pathways in non-cardiac cells; however, its role in CMs, wherein it is abundantly expressed, remains unknown. Here, using mice containing floxed Kat5 alleles and a tamoxifen-activated Myh6-MerCreMer recombinase transgene, we report that conditional depletion of Tip60 in CMs three days after MI induced by permanent coronary artery ligation greatly improves functional recovery for up to 28 days. This is accompanied by diminished scarring, activation of cell-cycle transit markers in CMs within the infarct border and remote zones, reduced expression of cell-cycle inhibitors pAtm and p27, and reduced apoptosis in the remote regions. These findings implicate Tip60 as a novel, multifactorial target for limiting the damaging effects of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Amelia Lauth
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Alexandra L. Purdy
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Katherine R. Kulik
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John W. Lough
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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198
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Yang H, Liu W, Song S, Bai L, Nie Y, Bai Y, Zhang G. Proteogenomics Integrating Reveal a Complex Network, Alternative Splicing, Hub Genes Regulating Heart Maturation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020250. [PMID: 35205300 PMCID: PMC8872128 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart maturation is an essentially biological process for neonatal heart transition to adult heart, thus illustrating the mechanism of heart maturation may be helpful to explore postnatal heart development and cardiac cardiomyopathy. This study combined proteomic analysis based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and transcriptome analysis based on RNA sequencing to detect the proteins and genes associated with heart maturation in mice. The proteogenomics integrating analysis identified 254 genes/proteins as commonly differentially expressed between neonatal and adult hearts. Functional and pathway analysis demonstrated that these identified genes/proteins contribute to heart maturation mainly by regulating mRNA processing and energy metabolism. Genome-wide alternative splicing (AS) analysis showed that some important sarcomere and energy-associated genes undergo different AS events. Through the Cytoscape plug-in CytoHubba, a total of 23 hub genes were found and further confirmed by RT-qPCR. Next, we verified that the most up-regulated hub gene, Ogdhl, plays an essential role in heart maturation by detecting energy metabolism phenotype changes in the Ogdhl-interfering cardiomyocytes. Together, we revealed a complex gene network, AS genes and patterns, and candidate hub genes controlling heart maturation by proteome and transcriptome combination analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Weijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; (W.L.); (S.S.); (L.B.); (Y.N.)
| | - Shen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; (W.L.); (S.S.); (L.B.); (Y.N.)
| | - Lina Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; (W.L.); (S.S.); (L.B.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; (W.L.); (S.S.); (L.B.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yongping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Correspondence:
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199
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:1-40. [PMID: 35126826 PMCID: PMC8788183 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases’ morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
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200
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022. [PMID: 35126826 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases' morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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