151
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Mirhadi E, Mashreghi M, Faal Maleki M, Alavizadeh SH, Arabi L, Badiee A, Jaafari MR. Redox-sensitive nanoscale drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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152
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Han J, Xu X, Liu Z, Li Z, Wu Y, Zuo D. Recent advances of molecular mechanisms of regulating PD-L1 expression in melanoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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153
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Liao Z, Wong SW, Yeo HL, Zhao Y. Smart nanocarriers for cancer treatment: Clinical impact and safety. NANOIMPACT 2020; 20:100253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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154
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Ferreira Mendes JM, de Faro Valverde L, Torres Andion Vidal M, Paredes BD, Coelho P, Allahdadi KJ, Coletta RD, Souza BSDF, Rocha CAG. Effects of IGF-1 on Proliferation, Angiogenesis, Tumor Stem Cell Populations and Activation of AKT and Hedgehog Pathways in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6487. [PMID: 32899449 PMCID: PMC7555130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway controls most hallmarks of cancer, and the hedgehog (HH) pathway has been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and progression. We hypothesized that fibroblast-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) acts in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, leading to the non-canonical activation of the HH pathway, maintaining AKT activity and promoting tumor aggressiveness. (2) Methods: Primary fibroblasts (MF1) were genetically engineered for IGF-1 overexpression (MF1-IGF1) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated IGF1R silencing was performed in SCC-4 cells. SCC-4 cells were co-cultured with fibroblasts or incubated with fibroblast conditioned medium (CM) or rIGF-1 for functional assays and the evaluation of AKT and HH pathways. (3) Results: Gene expression analysis confirmed IGF-1 overexpression in MF1-IGF1 and the absence of IGF-1 expression in SCC-4, while elevated IGF1R expression was detected. IGF1R silencing was associated with decreased survival of SCC-4 cells. Ihh was expressed in both MF1 and MF1-IGF1, and increased levels of GLI1 mRNA were observed in SCC-4 after stimulation with CM-MF1. Activation of both PI3K-AKT and the HH pathway (GLI1, Ihh and SMO) were identified in SCC-4 cells cultured in the presence of MF1-IGF1-CM. rIGF-1 promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorsphere formation, whereas CM-MF1 significantly stimulated angiogenesis. (4) Conclusions: IGF-1 exerts pro-tumorigenic effects by stimulating SCC-4 cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness. AKT and HH pathways were activated by IGF-1 in SCC-4, reinforcing its influence on the regulation of these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Mariane Ferreira Mendes
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; (J.M.F.M.); (L.d.F.V.); (M.T.A.V.); (P.C.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Bahia 41253-190, Brazil; (B.D.P.); (K.J.A.)
| | - Ludmila de Faro Valverde
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; (J.M.F.M.); (L.d.F.V.); (M.T.A.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Manuela Torres Andion Vidal
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; (J.M.F.M.); (L.d.F.V.); (M.T.A.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Bruno Diaz Paredes
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Bahia 41253-190, Brazil; (B.D.P.); (K.J.A.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Paulo Coelho
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; (J.M.F.M.); (L.d.F.V.); (M.T.A.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Kyan James Allahdadi
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Bahia 41253-190, Brazil; (B.D.P.); (K.J.A.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil;
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; (J.M.F.M.); (L.d.F.V.); (M.T.A.V.); (P.C.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Bahia 41253-190, Brazil; (B.D.P.); (K.J.A.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Araújo Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; (J.M.F.M.); (L.d.F.V.); (M.T.A.V.); (P.C.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
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155
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Jin MZ, Jin WL. The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:166. [PMID: 32843638 PMCID: PMC7447642 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment (TME) can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapies. Cancer research and treatment have switched from a cancer-centric model to a TME-centric one, considering the increasing significance of TME in cancer biology. Nonetheless, the clinical efficacy of therapeutic strategies targeting TME, especially the specific cells or pathways of TME, remains unsatisfactory. Classifying the chemopathological characteristics of TME and crosstalk among one another can greatly benefit further studies exploring effective treating methods. Herein, we present an updated image of TME with emphasis on hypoxic niche, immune microenvironment, metabolism microenvironment, acidic niche, innervated niche, and mechanical microenvironment. We then summarize conventional drugs including aspirin, celecoxib, β-adrenergic antagonist, metformin, and statin in new antitumor application. These drugs are considered as viable candidates for combination therapy due to their antitumor activity and extensive use in clinical practice. We also provide our outlook on directions and potential applications of TME theory. This review depicts a comprehensive and vivid landscape of TME from biology to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
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156
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Searching for Promoters to Drive Stable and Long-Term Transgene Expression in Fibroblasts for Syngeneic Mouse Tumor Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176098. [PMID: 32847094 PMCID: PMC7504129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor is a complex system of interactions between cancer cells and other cells of the tumor microenvironment. The cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of the tumor microenvironment remain in close contact with the cancer cells and play an important role in cancer progression. Genetically, CAFs are more stable than cancer cells, making them an attractive target for genetic modification in gene therapy. However, the efficiency of various promoters for transgene expression in fibroblasts is scarcely studied. We performed a comparative analysis of transgene long-term expression under the control of strong cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV), constitutive cell promoter of the PCNA gene (pPCNA), and the potentially fibroblast-specific promoter of the IGFBP2 gene (pIGFBP2). In vitro expression of the transgene under the control of pCMV in fibroblasts was decreased soon after transduction, whereas the expression was more stable under the control of pIGFBP2 and pPCNA. The efficiency of transgene expression was higher under pPCNA than that under pIGFBP2. Additionally, in a mouse model, pPCNA provided more stable and increased transgene expression in fibroblasts as compared to that under pCMV. We conclude that PCNA promoter is the most efficient for long-term expression of transgenes in fibroblasts both in vitro and in vivo.
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157
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Kang Y, Datta P, Shanmughapriya S, Ozbolat IT. 3D Bioprinting of Tumor Models for Cancer Research. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5552-5573. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngnam Kang
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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158
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Ion Channel Profiling in Prostate Cancer: Toward Cell Population-Specific Screening. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:39-56. [PMID: 32737754 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last three decades, a growing number of studies have implicated ion channels in all essential processes of prostate carcinogenesis, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis. The changes in the expression of individual ion channels show a specific profile, making these proteins promising clinical biomarkers that may enable better molecular subtyping of the disease and lead to more rapid and accurate clinical decision-making. Expression profiles and channel function are mainly based on the tumoral tissue itself, in this case, the epithelial cancer cell population. To date, little data on the ion channel profile of the cancerous prostate stroma are available, even though tumor interactions with the microenvironment are crucial in carcinogenesis and each distinct population plays a specific role in tumor progression. In this review, we describe ion channel expression profiles specific for the distinct cell population of the tumor microenvironment (stromal, endothelial, neuronal, and neuroendocrine cell populations) and the technical approaches used for efficient separation and screening of these cell populations.
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159
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Hu G, Cheng P, Pan J, Wang S, Ding Q, Jiang Z, Cheng L, Shao X, Huang L, Huang J. An IL6-Adenosine Positive Feedback Loop between CD73 + γδTregs and CAFs Promotes Tumor Progression in Human Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1273-1286. [PMID: 32847938 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment induces immunosuppression via recruiting and expanding suppressive immune cells such as regulatory T cells (Treg) to promote cancer progression. In this study, we documented that tumor-infiltrating CD73+ γδTregs were the predominant Tregs in human breast cancer and exerted more potent immunosuppressive activity than CD4+ or CD8+ Tregs. We further demonstrated that cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived IL6, rather than TGFβ1, induced CD73+ γδTreg differentiation from paired normal breast tissues via the IL6/STAT3 pathway to produce more adenosine and become potent immunosuppressive T cells. CD73+ γδTregs could in turn promote IL6 secretion by CAFs through adenosine/A2BR/p38MAPK signaling, thereby forming an IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop. CD73+ γδTreg infiltration also impaired the tumoricidal functions of CD8+ T cells and significantly correlated with worse prognosis of patients. The data indicate that the IL6-adenosine loop between CD73+ γδTregs and CAFs is important to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression in human breast cancer, which may be critical for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pu Cheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiannan Ding
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Shao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
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160
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Ashrafizadeh M, Farhood B, Eleojo Musa A, Taeb S, Najafi M. The interactions and communications in tumor resistance to radiotherapy: Therapy perspectives. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106807. [PMID: 32683299 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a wide range of cell types including cancer cells, cells which are involved in stromal structure and immune cells (tumor suppressor and tumor promoting cells). These cells have several interactions with each other that are mainly regulated via the release of intercellular mediators. Radiotherapy can modulate these interactions via shifting secretions into inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Radiotherapy also can trigger resistance of cancer (stem) cells via activation of stromal cells. The main mechanisms of tumor resistance to radiotherapy is the exhaustion of anti-tumor immunity via suppression of CD4+ T cells and apoptosis of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main suppressor of anti-tumor immunity via the release of several chemokines, cytokines and immune suppressors. In this review, we explain the main cellular and molecular interactions and secretions in TME following radiotherapy. Furthermore, the main signaling pathways and intercellular connections that can be targeted to improve therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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161
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SM22α + vascular mural cells are essential for vessel stability in tumors and undergo phenotype transition regulated by Notch signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:124. [PMID: 32616053 PMCID: PMC7331127 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Malformation of blood vessels represents a hallmark of cancers, but the role and regulation of vascular mural cells (vMCs), including vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and pericytes, in tumors has not been fully understood. SM22α has been identified as a marker of vSMCs. This study aims at elucidating the function and regulation of SM22α+ mural cells (SM22-MCs) in tumor stroma. Methods Gene-modified mice with a SM22α-CreERT2 transgene were employed to deplete SM22-MCs or activate/block Notch signaling in these cells. vSMCs from mouse dorsal aorta (vSMCs-DA) were cultured in vitro. RNA-seq was used to compare gene expression profiles. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine gene expression level. Immunofluorescence was used to observe morphological alterations in tumors. Results SM22-MCs are essential for stabilizing tumor vasculature. Notch signaling was downregulated in tumor-derived SM22-MCs and vSMCs-DA treated with cancer cell-derived conditioned medium. Notch activation in SM22-MCs normalized tumor vasculature and repressed tumor growth. On the other hand, Notch disruption aggravated abnormal tumor vasculature and promoted growth and metastasis. Gene expression profiling of vSMCs-DA showed that Notch activation enhances their contractile phenotype and suppresses their secretory phenotype, further attenuating the invasion and proliferation of tumor cells. In contrast, Notch blockade in vSMCs-DA mitigated their contractile phenotype while strengthened the secretory phenotype. Conclusion SM22-MCs facilitate vessel stability in tumors, and they gain a secretory phenotype and promote tumor malignancy in the absence of Notch signaling.
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162
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Wang M, Yang Y, Liao Z. Diabetes and cancer: Epidemiological and biological links. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:227-238. [PMID: 32547697 PMCID: PMC7284016 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i6.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes and cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Furthermore, there are many common risk factors for both diabetes and cancer, such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and ageing. A large body of epidemiological evidence has indicated that diabetes is considered as an independent risk factor for increased rates of heterogeneous types of cancer occurrence and death. The incidence and mortality of various types of cancer, such as pancreas, liver, colorectal, breast, endometrial, and bladder cancers, have a modest growth in diabetics. However, diabetes may work as a protective factor for prostate cancer. Although the underlying biological mechanisms have not been totally understood, studies have validated that insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis (including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and IGF), hyperglycemia, inflammatory cytokines, and sex hormones provide good circumstances for cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Insulin/IGF axis activates several metabolic and mitogenic signaling pathways; hyperglycemia provides energy for cancer cell growth; inflammatory cytokines influence cancer cell apoptosis. Thus, these three factors affect all types of cancer, while sex hormones only play important roles in breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and prostate cancer. This minireview consolidates and discusses the epidemiological and biological links between diabetes and various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
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163
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Wang M, Liu L, Zhang CS, Liao Z, Jing X, Fishers M, Zhao L, Xu X, Li B. Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1421-1429. [PMID: 32606908 PMCID: PMC7304682 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s247827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative disease, making a unique contribution to chronic pain, edema, and limited mobility of knee joint. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a common complementary therapy for KOA and has been found effective. The aim of this review is to consolidate the current knowledge about the mechanism of four interventions of TCM: acupuncture, moxibustion, herbs, and massage in treating KOA, and how they alleviate symptoms such as pain, swelling, and dysfunction. Furthermore, this review highlights that four therapies have different mechanisms but all of them can manage KOA through inhibiting inflammation, which indicates that alternative therapies should be considered as a viable complementary treatment for pain management in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Claire Shuiqing Zhang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Xianghong Jing
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Marc Fishers
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luopeng Zhao
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Xu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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164
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Morein D, Erlichman N, Ben-Baruch A. Beyond Cell Motility: The Expanding Roles of Chemokines and Their Receptors in Malignancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 32582148 PMCID: PMC7287041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-tumor activities of some members of the chemokine family are often overcome by the functions of many chemokines that are strongly and causatively linked with increased tumor progression. Being key leukocyte attractants, chemokines promote the presence of inflammatory pro-tumor myeloid cells and immune-suppressive cells in tumors and metastases. In parallel, chemokines elevate additional pro-cancerous processes that depend on cell motility: endothelial cell migration (angiogenesis), recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and site-specific metastasis. However, the array of chemokine activities in cancer expands beyond such “typical” migration-related processes and includes chemokine-induced/mediated atypical functions that do not activate directly motility processes; these non-conventional chemokine functions provide the tumor cells with new sets of detrimental tools. Within this scope, this review article addresses the roles of chemokines and their receptors at atypical levels that are exerted on the cancer cell themselves: promoting tumor cell proliferation and survival; controlling tumor cell senescence; enriching tumors with cancer stem cells; inducing metastasis-related functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); and promoting resistance to chemotherapy and to endocrine therapy. The review also describes atypical effects of chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: their ability to up-regulate/stabilize the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints and to reduce the efficacy of their blockade; to induce bone remodeling and elevate osteoclastogenesis/bone resorption; and to mediate tumor-stromal interactions that promote cancer progression. To illustrate this expanding array of atypical chemokine activities at the cancer setting, the review focuses on major metastasis-promoting inflammatory chemokines—including CXCL8 (IL-8), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CCL5 (RANTES)—and their receptors. In addition, non-conventional activities of CXCL12 which is a key regulator of tumor progression, and its CXCR4 receptor are described, alongside with the other CXCL12-binding receptor CXCR7 (RDC1). CXCR7, a member of the subgroup of atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) known also as ACKR3, opens the gate for discussion of atypical activities of additional ACKRs in cancer: ACKR1 (DARC, Duffy), ACKR2 (D6), and ACKR4 (CCRL1). The mechanisms involved in chemokine activities and the signals delivered by their receptors are described, and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Morein
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Erlichman
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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165
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Heidary Z, Ghaisari J, Moein S, Haghjooy Javanmard S. The double-edged sword role of fibroblasts in the interaction with cancer cells; an agent-based modeling approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232965. [PMID: 32384110 PMCID: PMC7209353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts as key components of tumor microenvironment show different features in the interaction with cancer cells. Although, Normal fibroblasts demonstrate anti-tumor effects, cancer associated fibroblasts are principal participant in tumor growth and invasion. The ambiguity of fibroblasts function can be regarded as two heads of its behavioral spectrum and can be subjected for mathematical modeling to identify their switching behavior. In this research, an agent-based model of mutual interactions between fibroblast and cancer cell was created. The proposed model is based on nonlinear differential equations which describes biochemical reactions of the main factors involved in fibroblasts and cancer cells communication. Also, most of the model parameters are estimated using hybrid unscented Kalman filter. The interactions between two cell types are illustrated by the dynamic modeling of TGFβ and LIF pathways as well as their crosstalk. Using analytical and computational approaches, reciprocal effects of cancer cells and fibroblasts are constructed and the role of signaling molecules in tumor progression or prevention are determined. Finally, the model is validated using a set of experimental data. The proposed dynamic modeling might be useful for designing more efficient therapies in cancer metastasis treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarifeh Heidary
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Ghaisari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Moein
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- * E-mail:
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166
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Deficiency in fibroblast PPARβ/δ reduces nonmelanoma skin cancers in mice. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2668-2680. [PMID: 32313198 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been increasing worldwide. Most studies have highlighted the importance of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in NMSC progression. However much less is known about the communication between normal fibroblasts and epithelia; disruption of this communication affects tumor initiation and the latency period in the emergence of tumors. Delineating the mechanism that mediates this epithelial-mesenchymal communication in NMSC could identify more effective targeted therapies. The nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ in fibroblasts has been shown to modulate adjacent epithelial cell behavior, however, its role in skin tumorigenesis remains unknown. Using chemically induced skin carcinogenesis, we showed that FSPCre-Pparb/dex4 mice, whose Pparb/d gene was selectively deleted in fibroblasts, had delayed emergence and reduced tumor burden compared with control mice (Pparb/dfl/fl). However, FSPCre-Pparb/dex4-derived tumors showed increased proliferation, with no difference in differentiation, suggesting delayed tumor initiation. Network analysis revealed a link between dermal Pparb/d and TGF-β1 with epidermal NRF2 and Nox4. In vitro investigations showed that PPARβ/δ deficiency in fibroblasts increased epidermal Nox4-derived H2O2 production, which triggered an NRF2-mediated antioxidant response. We further showed that H2O2 upregulated NRF2 mRNA via the B-Raf-MEK1/2 pathway. The enhanced NRF2 response altered the activities of PTEN, Src, and AKT. In vivo, we detected the differential phosphorylation profiles of B-Raf, MEK1/2, PTEN, Src, and AKT in the vehicle-treated and chemically treated epidermis of FSPCre-Pparb/dex4 mice compared with that in Pparb/dfl/fl mice, prior to the first appearance of tumors in Pparb/dfl/fl. Our study revealed a role for fibroblast PPARβ/δ in the epithelial-mesenchymal communication involved in cellular redox homeostasis.
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167
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Marini M, Tani A, Manetti M, Sgambati E. Characterization and distribution of sialic acids in human testicular seminoma. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151532. [PMID: 32143917 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant content of sialic acids (Sias) has been observed in various human cancer types in different organs. Sias have been implicated in cancerous transformation, invasiveness and metastasis, and in the escaping of cancer cells from immune surveillance. Indeed, Sias are commonly regarded as important biomarkers to distinguish cancer cells from their healthy counterparts. However, scarce and not exhaustive investigations have been performed on Sia content in testicular cancers and, in particular, in seminoma, one of the most common malignant testicular tumors. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the content and distribution of Sias with different glycosidic linkage, namely α2,3 and α2,6 galactose- or N-acetyl-galactosamine-linked Sias and polymeric Sia (polySia), in the germinal and stromal components of human testes affected by seminoma compared to normal testicular tissue. Structural changes in seminoma tissue were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. α2,3 and α2,6 linked Sias were evaluated by lectin histochemistry (Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA)), while confocal immunofluorescence was used for polySia detection. Histopathological findings in seminoma tissue included loss of seminiferous tubules replaced by clusters of uniform polygonal cells with a clear cytoplasm, bundles of fibrotic tissue, numerous microvessels and some atrophic tubules. The content of α2,3 and α2,6 linked Sias was lost in almost all seminoma components respect to normal tissue, with the exception of microvessels in which it was higher. On the contrary, polySia level was increased in all the seminoma components compared to normal testicular tissue. Our findings suggest that an aberrant content of different Sias might have important and differential roles in seminoma development and progression. In particular, polySia might be implicated in seminoma progression by promoting cancer invasiveness and regulating the cross-talk between cancer cells, reactive stroma and vessels. Thus, the possibility that polySia might represent an important biomarker for seminoma deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (Isernia), Italy.
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168
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Wang M, Tan Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Liao Z, Wei P. Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568. [PMID: 32982969 PMCID: PMC7477770 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity and diabetes are two increasing health problems worldwide, which both share many common risk factors, such as aging, and general obesity. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity includes aging, physical inactivity, malnutrition, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal changes. Nevertheless, there are two major reasons to cause diabetes: impaired insulin secretion and impaired insulin action. Furthermore, the individual diagnosis of obesity and sarcopenia should be combined to adequately define sarcopenic obesity. Also, the diagnosis of diabetes includes fasting plasma glucose test (FPG), 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and random plasma glucose coupled with symptoms. Healthy diet and physical activity are beneficial to both sarcopenic obesity and diabetes, but there are only recommended drugs for diabetes. This review consolidates and discusses the latest research in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatments of diabetes and sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
- Zehuan Liao
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Wei
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He Z, Chen L, Chen G, Smaldini P, Bongers G, Catalan-Dibene J, Furtado GC, Lira SA. Interleukin 1 beta and Matrix Metallopeptidase 3 Contribute to Development of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Dependent Serrated Polyps in Mouse Cecum. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:1572-1583.e8. [PMID: 31470007 PMCID: PMC7006742 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transgenic mice (HBUS) that express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand HBEGF (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor) and a constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor (US28) in intestinal epithelial cells develop serrated polyps in the cecum. Development of serrated polyps depends on the composition of the gut microbiota and is associated with bacterial invasion of the lamina propria, accompanied by induction of inflammation and up-regulation of interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 in the cecum. We investigated the mechanisms by which these changes contribute to development of serrated polyps. METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 (control) and HBUS mice. To accelerate polyp development, we increased the exposure of the bacteria to the lamina propria by injecting HBUS mice with diphtheria toxin, which binds transgenic HBEGF expressed by the epithelial cells and causes apoptosis. Mice were given injections of IL1B-neutralizing antibody and the MMP inhibitor N-isobutyl-N-(4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl)glycyl hydroxamic acid. Intestinal tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. We examined fibroblast subsets in polyps using single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS Administration of diphtheria toxin to HBUS mice accelerated development of serrated polyps (95% of treated mice developed polyps before 100 days of age, compared with 53% given vehicle). IL1B stimulated subsets of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha+ (PDGRFA+) fibroblasts isolated from cecum, resulting in increased expression of MMP3. Neutralizing antibodies against IL1B or administration of the MMP inhibitor reduced the number of serrated polyps that formed in the HBUS mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed subsets of fibroblasts in serrated polyps that express genes that regulate matrix fibroblasts and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In studies of mice, we found that barrier breakdown and expression of inflammatory factors contribute to development of serrated polyps. Subsets of cecal PDGFRA+ fibroblasts are activated by release of IL1B from myeloid cells during the early stages of serrated polyp development. MMP3 produced by PDGFRA+ fibroblasts is important for serrated polyp development. Our findings confirm the functions of previously identified serrated polyp-associated molecules and indicate roles for immune and stromal cells in serrated polyp development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang He
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lili Chen
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Grace Chen
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paola Smaldini
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gerold Bongers
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jovani Catalan-Dibene
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Glaucia C. Furtado
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sergio A. Lira
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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170
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Yang Y, Yang T, Liu S, Cao Z, Zhao Y, Su X, Liao Z, Teng X, Hua J. Concentrated ambient PM 2.5 exposure affects mice sperm quality and testosterone biosynthesis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8109. [PMID: 31799077 PMCID: PMC6885350 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies suggested that PM2.5 exposure could lead to adverse reproductive effects on male animals. However, the underlying mechanism is still not clear. Besides, animals in the majority of previous studies were exposed to PM2.5 through intratracheal instillation which should be improved. In addition, limited amount of research has been conducted in China where the PM2.5 concentration is higher and the PM2.5 components are different. The aim of this work is to explore the effects of concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) on mice sperm quality and testosterone biosynthesis. Methods A total of 12 male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or CAP for 125 days using the Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System. The mice sperm concentration, sperm motility, DNA fragmentation index, high DNA stainability and plasma testosterone were analyzed. Testicular histology and sperm morphology were observed through optical microscope. Testosterone biosynthesis related gene expressions were analyzed using real-time PCR, including cytochrome P450 CHOL side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β HSD), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR). Results Exposure to CAP resulted in disturbance of various stages of spermatogenesis and significant higher percentage of abnormal sperm (FA vs. CAP: 24.37% vs. 44.83%) in mice testis. CAP exposure significantly decreased sperm concentration (43.00 × 106 vs. 25.33 × 106) and motility (PR: 63.58% vs. 55.15%; PR + NP: 84.00% vs. 77.08%) in epididymis. Plasma testosterone concentration were significantly declined (0.28 ng/ml vs. 0.69 ng/ml) under CAP exposure. Notably, the levels of testosterone biosynthesis related genes, StAR, P450scc, P450arom, ER and FSHR were significantly decreased with CAP exposure. Conclusion Concentrated ambient PM2.5 exposure altered mice sperm concentration, motility and morphology, which might be mediated primarily by the decline in testosterone concentration and testosterone biosynthesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxin Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhijuan Cao
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Su
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoming Teng
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shi J, Huo R, Li N, Li H, Zhai T, Li H, Shen B, Ye J, Fu R, Di W. CYR61, a potential biomarker of tumor inflammatory response in epithelial ovarian cancer microenvironment of tumor progress. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1140. [PMID: 31766991 PMCID: PMC6878653 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have found that inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Advanced ovarian cancer is often presented with ascites that is rich in cytokines, inflammatory factors or cancer cells. Therefore, it is important to study the microenvironment of ascites in order to further clarify the occurrence and progression of ovarian cancer. As a pro-inflammatory factor, the Cyr61 expression patterns are inconsistent in human tumors. Although it has been reported that Cyr61 is related to the progression of ovarian cancer, its specific mechanism is not yet clear. This study sought to evaluate the Cyr61 levels of ascites, serum and different tissues of ovarian cancer to explore the potential association of Cyr61with the tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironment of EOC. Methods Tumor specimens were procured from patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma and ovarian serous cystadenoma. Cyr61 and IL-6 levels of serum or ascites were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay), while Cyr61 expressions of different ovarian tumor tissues were evaluated by IHC (Immunohistochemistry). Then the correlation of Cyr61 level in ascites with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. And other laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Results Both in ascites and serum, significantly higher Cyr61 levels were found in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. In malignant ascites, higher Cyr61 level of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma was more closely associated with FIGO stage, initial tumor size > 10 cm and the residual tumor size. And the increased IL-6 level was linearly related to Cyr61 level. Moreover, the serum levels of Cyr61, IL-6 and CRP in advanced stage of ovarian cancer were much higher than those in early stage. Lastly, the IHC data demonstrate that Cyr61 expression of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma was higher than that of ovarian serous cystadenoma, but it was lower than the paired metastatic lesions. Conclusions As a pro-inflammatory factor, increased ascites Cyr61 level is associated with FIGO stage, initial tumor size > 10 cm and the residual tumor size. Moreover, serum Cyr61 may be used as a potential marker for EOC inflammatory response. Finally, Cyr61 may be involved in the process of tumor metastasis and progression by producing IL-6 and CRP in the EOC inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfen Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ningli Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haichuan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tianhang Zhai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huidan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Baihua Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruojin Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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Stroma-Rich Co-Culture Multicellular Tumor Spheroids as a Tool for Photoactive Drugs Screening. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101686. [PMID: 31618880 PMCID: PMC6832590 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional 3D multicellular tumor spheroids of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) consisting exclusively of cancer cells have some limitations. They are compact cell aggregates that do not interact with their extracellular milieu, thus suffering from both insufficient extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and absence of different types of stromal cells. In order to better mimic in vivo HNSCC tumor microenvironment, we have constructed a 3D stroma-rich in vitro model of HNSCC, using cancer-associated MeWo skin fibroblasts and FaDu pharynx squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of stromal components in heterospheroids was confirmed by immunochemical staining. The generated co-culture FaDu/MeWo spheroids were applied to study penetration, distribution and antitumor efficacy of photoactive drugs such as Temoporfin and Chlorin e6 used in the photodynamic therapy flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy techniques. We also investigated the distribution of photodiagnostic agent Indocyanine Green. We demonstrated that the presence of stroma influences the behavior of photoactive drugs in different ways: (i) No effect on Indocyanine Green distribution; (ii) lower accumulation of Chlorin e6; (iii) better penetration and PDT efficiency of Temoporfin. Overall, the developed stroma-rich spheroids enlarge the arsenal of in vitro pre-clinical models for high-throughput screening of anti-cancer drugs.
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Sverdlov ED, Chernov IP. Cancer Stem Complex, Not a Cancer Stem Cell, Is the Driver of Cancer Evolution. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1028-1039. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919090050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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174
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Khan RMM, Chua ZJY, Tan JC, Yang Y, Liao Z, Zhao Y. From Pre-Diabetes to Diabetes: Diagnosis, Treatments and Translational Research. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E546. [PMID: 31470636 PMCID: PMC6780236 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, a silent killer, is one of the most widely prevalent conditions of the present time. According to the 2017 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) statistics, the global prevalence of diabetes among the age group of 20-79 years is 8.8%. In addition, 1 in every 2 persons is unaware of the condition. This unawareness and ignorance lead to further complications. Pre-diabetes is the preceding condition of diabetes, and in most of the cases, this ultimately leads to the development of diabetes. Diabetes can be classified into three types, namely type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes. The diagnosis of both pre-diabetes and diabetes is based on glucose criteria; the common modalities used are fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A glucometer is commonly used by diabetic patients to measure blood glucose levels with fast and rather accurate measurements. A few of the more advanced and minimally invasive modalities include the glucose-sensing patch, SwEatch, eyeglass biosensor, breath analysis, etc. Despite a considerable amount of data being collected and analyzed regarding diabetes, the actual molecular mechanism of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still unknown. Both genetic and epigenetic factors are associated with T2DM. The complications of diabetes can predominantly be classified into two categories: microvascular and macrovascular. Retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are grouped under microvascular complications, whereas stroke, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) belong to macrovascular complications. Unfortunately, until now, no complete cure for diabetes has been found. However, the treatment of pre-diabetes has shown significant success in preventing the further progression of diabetes. To prevent pre-diabetes from developing into T2DM, lifestyle intervention has been found to be very promising. Various aspects of diabetes, including the aforementioned topics, have been reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radia Marium Modhumi Khan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Zoey Jia Yu Chua
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Chi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yingying Yang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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175
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Gonzalez-Molina J, Gramolelli S, Liao Z, Carlson JW, Ojala PM, Lehti K. MMP14 in Sarcoma: A Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Communication in Connective Tissues. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090991. [PMID: 31466240 PMCID: PMC6770050 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are deadly malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin occurring at all ages. The expression and function of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase MMP14 is closely related to the mesenchymal cell phenotype, and it is highly expressed in most sarcomas. MMP14 regulates the activity of multiple extracellular and plasma membrane proteins, influencing cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) communication. This regulation mediates processes such as ECM degradation and remodeling, cell invasion, and cancer metastasis. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of MMP14 in sarcomas will shed light on the mechanisms controlling the key processes in these diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the function and regulation of MMP14 and we discuss their relationship with clinical and pre-clinical MMP14 data in both adult and childhood sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Gonzalez-Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Silvia Gramolelli
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zehuan Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Joseph W Carlson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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176
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Liu Q, Peng F, Chen J. The Role of Exosomal MicroRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3884. [PMID: 31395836 PMCID: PMC6719057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, ranking first among women's cancers worldwide, develops from the breast tissue. Study of the breast tissue is, therefore of great significance to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Exosomes, acting as an effective communicator between cells, are in the ascendant in recent years. One of the most important cargoes contained in the exosomes is microRNAs, belonging to the non-coding RNA family. When the exosomal microRNAs are absorbed into the intracellular location, most of the microRNAs will act as tumor promoters or suppressors by inhibiting the translation process of the target mRNA, thus affecting the behavior of other stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. At present, growing research focuses on the different types of donor cell sources, their contribution to cancer, miRNA profiling, their biomarker potential, etc. This review aims to state the function of diverse miRNAs in exosomes medicated cell-cell communication and the potency of some specific enriched miRNAs as molecular markers in clinical trials. We also describe the mechanism of anti-cancer compounds through exosomes and the exploration of artificially engineered techniques that lead miRNA-inhibitors into exosomes for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fu Peng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518057, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China.
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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177
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Röhrich M, Loktev A, Wefers AK, Altmann A, Paech D, Adeberg S, Windisch P, Hielscher T, Flechsig P, Floca R, Leitz D, Schuster JP, Huber PE, Debus J, von Deimling A, Lindner T, Haberkorn U. IDH-wildtype glioblastomas and grade III/IV IDH-mutant gliomas show elevated tracer uptake in fibroblast activation protein-specific PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:2569-2580. [PMID: 31388723 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a new diagnostic approach allowing the visualization of tumor stroma. Here, we applied FAP-specific PET imaging to gliomas. We analyzed the target affinity and specificity of two FAP ligands (FAPI-02 and FAPI-04) in vitro, and the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in mice in vivo. Clinically, we used 68Ga-labeled FAPI-02/04 for PET imaging in 18 glioma patients (five IDH-mutant gliomas, 13 IDH-wildtype glioblastomas). METHODS For binding studies with 177Lu-radiolabeled FAPI-02/04, we used the glioblastoma cell line U87MG, FAP-transfected fibrosarcoma cells, and CD26-transfected human embryonic kidney cells. For pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies, U87MG-xenografted mice were injected with 68Ga-labeled compounds followed by small-animal PET imaging and 177Lu-labeled FAPI-02/04, respectively. Clinical PET/CT scans were performed 30 min post intravenous administration of 68Ga-FAPI-02/04. PET and MRI scans were co-registrated. Immunohistochemistry was done on 14 gliomas using a FAP-specific antibody. RESULTS FAPI-02 and FAPI-04 showed high binding specificity to FAP. FAPI-04 demonstrated higher tumor accumulation and delayed elimination compared with FAPI-02 in preclinical studies. IDH-wildtype glioblastomas and grade III/IV, but not grade II, IDH-mutant gliomas showed elevated tracer uptake. In glioblastomas, we observed spots with increased uptake in projection on contrast-enhancing areas. Immunohistochemistry showed FAP-positive cells with mainly elongated cell bodies and perivascular FAP-positive cells in glioblastomas and an anaplastic IDH-mutant astrocytoma. CONCLUSIONS Using FAP-specific PET imaging, increased tracer uptake in IDH-wildtype glioblastomas and high-grade IDH-mutant astrocytomas, but not in diffuse astrocytomas, may allow non-invasive distinction between low-grade IDH-mutant and high-grade gliomas. Therefore, FAP-specific imaging in gliomas may be useful for follow-up studies although further clinical evaluation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Röhrich
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anastasia Loktev
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika K Wefers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Altmann
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Windisch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Flechsig
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Floca
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Leitz
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julius P Schuster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindner
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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178
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Xin X, Yang ST. A Dual Fluorescent 3-D Multicellular Coculture of Breast Cancer MCF-7 and Fibroblast NIH-3T3 Cells for High Throughput Cancer Drug Screening. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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179
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Tan HX, Cao ZB, He TT, Huang T, Xiang CL, Liu Y. TGFβ1 is essential for MSCs-CAFs differentiation and promotes HCT116 cells migration and invasion via JAK/STAT3 signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5323-5334. [PMID: 31308702 PMCID: PMC6615717 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s178618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently metastasizes to the liver, which involves the participation of multiple cytokines. Tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cells acts as an essential factor in cancer metastasis. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a vital cytokine involved in migration and invasion of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of TGFβ1 in TME. Methods The conditioned medium prepared from colorectal cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells was used to culture mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The differentiation of MSCs to CAFs was detected by flow cytometry. The role of TGFβ1 in colorectal cancer cells metastasis was examined by wound-healing assay and transwell assay. And the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway was measured by Western blot assay. Results TGFβ1 induced the differentiation of MSCs to CAFs and improved HCT116 and HT29 cells migration and invasion. Meanwhile, TGFβ1 also upregulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 and enhanced the nuclear localization of p-STAT3, which activated JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusion TGFβ1 induced the differentiation of MSCs into CAFs and promoted the migration and invasion of HCT116 and HT29 cells, which depended on the activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Xiang Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Bin Cao
- Department of Radiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting He
- Department of Pathology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Ling Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410002, People's Republic of China
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180
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Di Benedetto P, Ruscitti P, Liakouli V, Del Galdo F, Giacomelli R, Cipriani P. Linking myofibroblast generation and microvascular alteration: The role of CD248 from pathogenesis to therapeutic target (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1488-1498. [PMID: 31257535 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and is the pathological outcome of tissue injury in a number of disorders. Accumulation of the ECM may disrupt the structure and function of native tissues and organs, including the lungs, heart, liver and skin, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. On this basis, multiple lines of evidence have focused on the molecular pathways and cellular mechanisms involved in fibrosis, which has led to the development of novel antifibrotic therapies. CD248 is one of several proteins identified to be localized to the stromal compartment in cancers and fibroproliferative disease, and may serve a key role in myofibroblast generation and accumulation. Numerous studies have supported the contribution of CD248 to tumour growth and fibrosis, stimulating interest in this molecule as a therapeutic target. In addition, it has been revealed that CD248 may be involved in pathological angiogenesis. The present review describes the current understanding of the structure and function of CD248 during angiogenesis and fibrosis, supporting the hypothesis that blocking CD248 signalling may prevent both myofibroblast generation and microvascular alterations during tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Benedetto
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Biomedical Research Centre and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I‑67100, Italy
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181
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Domingo-Vidal M, Whitaker-Menezes D, Martos-Rus C, Tassone P, Snyder CM, Tuluc M, Philp N, Curry J, Martinez-Outschoorn U. Cigarette Smoke Induces Metabolic Reprogramming of the Tumor Stroma in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1893-1909. [PMID: 31239287 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is comprised of metabolically linked distinct compartments. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and nonproliferative carcinoma cells display a glycolytic metabolism, while proliferative carcinoma cells rely on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism fueled by the catabolites provided by the adjacent CAFs. Metabolic coupling between these reprogrammed compartments contributes to HNSCC aggressiveness. In this study, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke-exposed CAFs on metabolic coupling and tumor aggressiveness of HNSCC. Cigarette smoke (CS) extract was generated by dissolving cigarette smoke in growth media. Fibroblasts were cultured in CS or control media. HNSCC cells were cocultured in vitro and coinjected in vivo with CS or control fibroblasts. We found that CS induced oxidative stress, glycolytic flux and MCT4 expression, and senescence in fibroblasts. MCT4 upregulation was critical for fibroblast viability under CS conditions. The effects of CS on fibroblasts were abrogated by antioxidant treatment. Coculture of carcinoma cells with CS fibroblasts induced metabolic coupling with upregulation of the marker of glycolysis MCT4 in fibroblasts and markers of mitochondrial metabolism MCT1 and TOMM20 in carcinoma cells. CS fibroblasts increased CCL2 expression and macrophage migration. Coculture with CS fibroblasts also increased two features of carcinoma cell aggressiveness: resistance to cell death and enhanced cell migration. Coinjection of carcinoma cells with CS fibroblasts generated larger tumors with reduced apoptosis than control coinjections, and upregulation of MCT4 by CS exposure was a driver of these effects. We demonstrate that a tumor microenvironment exposed to CS is sufficient to modulate metabolism and cancer aggressiveness in HNSCC. IMPLICATIONS: CS shifts cancer stroma toward glycolysis and induces head and neck cancer aggressiveness with a mitochondrial profile linked by catabolite transporters and oxidative stress. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/9/1893/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Domingo-Vidal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cristina Martos-Rus
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick Tassone
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher M Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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182
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Wessels DJ, Pradhan N, Park YN, Klepitsch MA, Lusche DF, Daniels KJ, Conway KD, Voss ER, Hegde SV, Conway TP, Soll DR. Reciprocal signaling and direct physical interactions between fibroblasts and breast cancer cells in a 3D environment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218854. [PMID: 31233557 PMCID: PMC6590889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenic cells undergo cell aggregation and aggregate coalescence in a 3D Matrigel environment. Here, we expanded this 3D platform to assess the interactions of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and human primary mammary fibroblasts (HPMFs) with breast cancer-derived, tumorigenic cells (MDA-MB-231). Medium conditioned by MDA-MB-231 cells activates both types of fibroblasts, imbuing them with the capacity to accelerate the rate of aggregation and coalescence of MDA-MB-231 cells more than four fold. Acceleration is achieved 1) by direct physical interactions with MDA-MB-231 cells, in which activated fibroblasts penetrate the MDA-MB-231/Matrigel 3D environment and function as supporting scaffolds for MDA-MB-231 aggregation and coalescence, and 2) through the release of soluble accelerating factors, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and, in the case of activated NHDFs, SDF-1α/CXCL12. Fibroblast activation includes changes in morphology, motility, and gene expression. Podoplanin (PDPN) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) are upregulated by more than nine-fold in activated NHDFs while activated HPMFs upregulate FAP, vimentin, desmin, platelet derived growth factor receptor A and S100A4. Overexpression of PDPN, but not FAP, in NHDF cells in the absence of MDA-MB-231-conditioned medium, activates NHDFs. These results reveal that complex reciprocal signaling between fibroblasts and cancer cells, coupled with their physical interactions, occurs in a highly coordinated fashion that orchestrates aggregation and coalescence, behaviors specific to cancer cells in a 3D environment. These in vitro interactions may reflect events involved in early tumorigenesis, particularly in cases of field cancerization, and may represent a new mechanism whereby cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Wessels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Nikash Pradhan
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Yang-Nim Park
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Megan A. Klepitsch
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Lusche
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Karla J. Daniels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kayla D. Conway
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Edward R. Voss
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Suchaeta V. Hegde
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Conway
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David R. Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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183
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Cao H, Lee MKH, Yang H, Sze SK, Tan NS, Tay CY. Mechanoregulation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Phenotype in Three-Dimensional Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7487-7495. [PMID: 30480453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor stromal residing cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are significant accomplices in the growth and development of malignant neoplasms. As cancer progresses, the stroma undergoes a dramatic remodeling and stiffening of its extracellular matrix (ECM). However, exactly how these biomechanical changes influence the CAF behavior and the functional paracrine crosstalk with the neighboring tumor cells in a 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironment remains elusive. Herein, a collagen and alginate interpenetrating network (CoAl-IPN) hydrogel system was employed as a 3D in vitro surrogate of the cancerous breast tissue stromal niche. In this study, the mechanical properties of CoAl-IPN were precisely fine-tuned with Young's modulus ( E) values of ∼108 and 898 Pa. The results revealed that the 3D polymeric network mechanics and microstructure are critical biophysical determinants of the human breast CAF (b-CAF) morphology, phenotype, and paracrine dialogue with MDA-MB-231 tumoroids. A compliant hydrogel network favors b-CAF spreading, nuclear translocation of the YAP/TAZ mechanosignaling protein, and upregulation of CAF hallmark transcripts. Conversely, a rigid and highly cross-linked hydrogel network imposed a physical entrapment effect on the b-CAFs that limited their spreading and phenotype in a manner that effectively muted their pro-tumorigenic paracrine activity. Collectively, the CoAl-IPN 3D culture system has proven to be a versatile platform in defining the 3D biophysical parameters that could either promote or restrain the protumorigenic activity of b-CAFs and sheds critical mechano-mediated light onto the phenotypic plasticity and corresponding specific bioactivity of b-CAFs in the 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Melissa Kao Hui Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Haibo Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine , Nanyang Technological University , 59 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 636921 , Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
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184
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Arendt LM. Taking aim at a challenging target in pre-clinical models of prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:S88-S90. [PMID: 31143676 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Arendt
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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185
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Patil S, Babu N, Subbannayya T, Mohan S, Sathe G, Solanki H, Rajagopalan P, Patel K, Advani J, Bhandi S, Sidransky D, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Ferrari M. Secretome analysis of oral keratinocytes chronically exposed to shisha. Cancer Biomark 2019; 25:29-41. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Sonali V. Mohan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Hitendra S. Solanki
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Krishna Patel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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186
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Yoshida GJ, Azuma A, Miura Y, Orimo A. Activated Fibroblast Program Orchestrates Tumor Initiation and Progression; Molecular Mechanisms and the Associated Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092256. [PMID: 31067787 PMCID: PMC6539414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Neoplastic epithelial cells coexist in carcinomas with various non-neoplastic stromal cells, together creating the tumor microenvironment. There is a growing interest in the cross-talk between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts referred to as carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are frequently present in human carcinomas. CAF populations extracted from different human carcinomas have been shown to possess the ability to influence the hallmarks of cancer. Indeed, several mechanisms underlying CAF-promoted tumorigenesis are elucidated. Activated fibroblasts in CAFs are characterized as alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts and actin-negative fibroblasts, both of which are competent to support tumor growth and progression. There are, however, heterogeneous CAF populations presumably due to the diverse sources of their progenitors in the tumor-associated stroma. Thus, molecular markers allowing identification of bona fide CAF populations with tumor-promoting traits remain under investigation. CAFs and myofibroblasts in wound healing and fibrosis share biological properties and support epithelial cell growth, not only by remodeling the extracellular matrix, but also by producing numerous growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Notably, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that anti-fibrosis agents suppress tumor development and progression. In this review, we highlight important tumor-promoting roles of CAFs based on their analogies with wound-derived myofibroblasts and discuss the potential therapeutic strategy targeting CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Arata Azuma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138603, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Miura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138603, Japan.
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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187
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The Nutritional Cytokine Leptin Promotes NSCLC by Activating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK Pathways in NSCLC Cells in a Paracrine Manner. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2585743. [PMID: 31119158 PMCID: PMC6500706 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2585743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Leptin is a nutritional cytokine encoded by the obesity gene whose concentration in the tumor microenvironment is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer. However, previous evidence has suggested that there is no clear relationship between serum leptin concentrations and lung cancer progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant component of the tumor microenvironment in a variety of solid tumors, were recently reported to produce leptin. Therefore, it was inferred that leptin is most likely to affect non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through an autocrine and paracrine mechanism. In the current study, we investigated the paracrine effect and mechanism of leptin produced by CAFs on NSCLC by establishing a novel in vitro cell coculture system. Methods A noncontact coculture device was designed and made by 3D printing. CAFs and paired normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) from 5 patients were successfully isolated and cocultured with two NSCLC cell lines in a coculture system. The background expression of leptin was detected by western blot. The in situ expression of leptin and its receptor (Ob-R) in NSCLC tissues and paired normal lung tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we downregulated the expression of leptin in CAFs and assessed changes in its promotion on NSCLC cells in the coculture system. Finally, changes in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT were examined to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the paracrine promotion of NSCLC cells by leptin. Results Leptin was overexpressed in nearly all five primary CAF lines compared with its expression in paired NLFs. IHC staining showed that the expression of leptin was high in NSCLC cells, slightly lower in CAF, and negative in normal lung tissue. Ob-R was strongly expressed in NSCLC cells. The ability of A549 and H1299 cells to proliferate and migrate was enhanced by high leptin levels in both the cocultured fibroblasts and the culture medium. Furthermore, western blot assays suggested that the MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were activated by leptin produced by CAFs, which demonstrated that the functions of paracrine leptin in NSCLC are as those of the serum leptin to other cancers. Conclusion Leptin produced by CAF promotes proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells probably via PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in a paracrine manner.
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188
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Li Z, Zhou J, Zhang J, Li S, Wang H, Du J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote PD-L1 expression in mice cancer cells via secreting CXCL5. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1946-1957. [PMID: 30873585 PMCID: PMC6767568 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in orchestrating the tumor malignant biological properties within tumor microenvironment and evidences demonstrate that CAFs are a critical regulator of tumoral immunosuppression of the T cell response. However, the functions and regulation of CAFs in the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in melanoma and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are not completely understood. Herein, by scrutinizing the expression of α-SMA and PD-L1 in melanoma and CRC tissues, we found that CAFs was positive correlated with PD-L1 expression. Further analyses showed that CAFs promoted PD-L1 expression in mice tumor cells. By detecting a majority of cytokines expression in normal mice fibroblasts and CAFs, we determined that CXCL5 was abnormal high expression in CAFs and the immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization confirmed that were CAFs which were expressing CXCL5. In addition, CXCL5 promoted PD-L1 expression in B16, CT26, A375 and HCT116. The silencing of CXCR2, the receptor of CXCL5, inhibited the PD-L1 expression induced by CAFs in turn. Functionally, CXCL5 derived by CAFs promoted PD-L1 expression in mice tumor cells through activating PI3K/AKT signaling. LY294002, the inhibitor of PI3K, confirmed that CXCL5 forested an immunosuppression microenvironment by promoting PD-L1 expression via PI3K/AKT signaling. Meanwhile, the B16/CT26 xenograft tumor models were used and both CXCR2 and p-AKT were found to be positively correlated with PD-L1 in the xenograft tumor tissues. The immunosuppressive action of CAFs on tumor cells is probably reflective of them being a potential therapeutic biomarker for melanoma and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Li
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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189
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Liao Z, Chua D, Tan NS. Reactive oxygen species: a volatile driver of field cancerization and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:65. [PMID: 30927919 PMCID: PMC6441160 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Field cancerization and metastasis are the leading causes for cancer recurrence and mortality in cancer patients. The formation of primary, secondary tumors or metastasis is greatly influenced by multifaceted tumor-stroma interactions, in which stromal components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can affect the behavior of the cancer cells. Many studies have identified cytokines and growth factors as cell signaling molecules that aid cell to cell communication. However, the functional contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a family of volatile chemicals, as communication molecules are less understood. Cancer cells and various tumor-associated stromal cells produce and secrete a copious amount of ROS into the TME. Intracellular ROS modulate cell signaling cascades that aid in the acquisition of several hallmarks of cancers. Extracellular ROS help to propagate, amplify, and effectively create a mutagenic and oncogenic field which facilitate the formation of multifoci tumors and act as a springboard for metastatic tumor cells. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of ROS as atypical paracrine signaling molecules for field cancerization and metastasis. Field cancerization and metastasis are often discussed separately; we offer a model that placed these events with ROS as the focal instigating agent in a broader "seed-soil" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Damien Chua
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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190
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Cheng HS, Lee JXT, Wahli W, Tan NS. Exploiting vulnerabilities of cancer by targeting nuclear receptors of stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:51. [PMID: 30925918 PMCID: PMC6441226 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex and dynamic cellular community comprising the tumor epithelium and various tumor-supporting cells such as immune cells, fibroblasts, immunosuppressive cells, adipose cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes. The interplay between the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells represents a key contributor to immune evasiveness, physiological hardiness and the local and systemic invasiveness of malignant cells. Nuclear receptors are master regulators of physiological processes and are known to play pro-/anti-oncogenic activities in tumor cells. However, the actions of nuclear receptors in tumor-supporting cells have not been widely studied. Given the excellent druggability and extensive regulatory effects of nuclear receptors, understanding their biological functionality in the tumor microenvironment is of utmost importance. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize recent evidence about the roles of nuclear receptors in tumor-supporting cells and their implications for malignant processes such as tumor proliferation, evasion of immune surveillance, angiogenesis, chemotherapeutic resistance, and metastasis. Based on findings derived mostly from cell culture studies and a few in vivo animal cancer models, the functions of VDR, PPARs, AR, ER and GR in tumor-supporting cells are relatively well-characterized. Evidence for other receptors, such as RARβ, RORγ, and FXR, is limited yet promising. Hence, the nuclear receptor signature in the tumor microenvironment may harbor prognostic value. The clinical prospects of a tumor microenvironment-oriented cancer therapy exploiting the nuclear receptors in different tumor-supporting cells are also encouraging. The major challenge, however, lies in the ability to develop a highly specific drug delivery system to facilitate precision medicine in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Cheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Jeannie Xue Ting Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.,INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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191
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Liu C, Chiang B, Lewin Mejia D, Luker KE, Luker GD, Lee A. Mammary fibroblasts remodel fibrillar collagen microstructure in a biomimetic nanocomposite hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:221-232. [PMID: 30414485 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Architecture and microstructure of type I collagen fibers constitute central regulators of tumor invasion with aligned fibers providing a route for migration of stromal and cancer cells. Several different aspects of fibrillar collagen, such as stiffness, density, thickness, and pore size, may regulate migration of cancer cells, but determining effects of any one parameter requires clear decoupling of physical properties of collagen networks. The objective of this work is to develop and apply an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tumor-extra cellular matrix (ECM) model with tunable physical parameters to define how stromal fibroblasts modulate collagen microstructure to control migration of breast cancer cells. We incorporated two different types of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nano-molecules into a collagen/alginate matrix to induce different mechanisms of gelling. The resultant biomimetic, nanocomposite hydrogels show different collagen fibrillar microstructures while maintaining constant overall matrix stiffness, density, and porosimetry. Spheroids of human mammary fibroblasts embedded in these 3D matrices remodel the collagen network to varying extents based on differences in underlying matrix microstructures. The remodeled collagen matrix shows oriented, thicker fibrillar tracks, facilitating invasion of tumor cells. By decoupling effects of matrix stiffness and architecture, our nanocomposite hydrogels serve as robust platforms to investigate how biophysical properties of tumor environments control key processes regulating tumor progression in breast cancer and other malignancies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our manuscript demonstrates a new type of nanocomposite hydrogel with two different gelling mechanisms, produced by incorporating two types of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nano-molecules into a collagen/alginate matrix. The resultant biomimetic hydrogels show different fibrillar collagen microstructures while maintaining constant overall matrix stiffness, density, and porosimetry. These gels allow us to uncouple effects of matrix stiffness versus architecture on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts. Upon embedding spheroids of human mammary fibroblasts (HMFs) and dissociated 231 breast cancer cells, we showed that HMFs remodeled the collagen network to differing extents dependent on starting matrix microstructures in each hydrogel. The remodeled collagen matrix showed aligned collagen fibers perpendicular to the surface of a spheroid with migrating HMFs following these fibers as occurs in tumors in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing significant different fibrillar collagen microstructures with constant collagen density and gel stiffness. This study establishes a new type of nanocomposite 3D hydrogels for studies of biophysical and cellular interactions in engineered tumor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - Benjamin Chiang
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - Daniela Lewin Mejia
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - Gary D Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, United States.
| | - Andre Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, United States.
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192
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Alekseenko IV, Monastyrskaya GS, Sverdlov ED. Emerging Potential of Cancer Therapy—Binary Direct Interactions of Cancer and Stromal Cells. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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193
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Nelson AC, Machado HL, Schwertfeger KL. Breaking through to the Other Side: Microenvironment Contributions to DCIS Initiation and Progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:207-221. [PMID: 30168075 PMCID: PMC6237657 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Refinements in early detection, surgical and radiation therapy, and hormone receptor-targeted treatments have improved the survival rates for breast cancer patients. However, the ability to reliably identify which non-invasive lesions and localized tumors have the ability to progress and/or metastasize remains a major unmet need in the field. The current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies focus on intrinsic alterations within carcinoma cells that are closely associated with proliferation. However, substantial accumulating evidence has indicated that permissive changes in the stromal tissues surrounding the carcinoma play an integral role in breast cancer tumor initiation and progression. Numerous studies have suggested that the stromal environment surrounding ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions actively contributes to enhancing tumor cell invasion and immune escape. This review will describe the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms through which the microenvironment interacts with DCIS lesions focusing on recent studies that describe the contributions of myoepithelial cells, fibroblasts and immune cells to invasion and subsequent progression. These mechanisms will be considered in the context of developing biomarkers for identifying lesions that will progress to invasive carcinoma and/or developing approaches for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Heather L Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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194
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Guo S, Deng CX. Effect of Stromal Cells in Tumor Microenvironment on Metastasis Initiation. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:2083-2093. [PMID: 30585271 PMCID: PMC6299363 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular environment where tumor cells reside is called the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of borders, blood vessels, lymph vessels, extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal cells, immune/inflammatory cells, secreted proteins, RNAs and small organelles. By dynamically interacting with tumor cells, stromal cells participate in all stages of tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence and drug response, and consequently, affect the fate of patients. During the processes of tumor evolution and metastasis initiation, stromal cells in TME also experience some changes and play roles in both the suppression and promotion of metastasis, while the overall function of stromal cells is beneficial for cancer cell survival and movement. In this review, we examine the effects of stromal cells in TME on metastasis initiation, including angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. We also highlight functions of proteins, RNAs and small organelles secreted by stromal cells in their influences on multiple stages of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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195
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Herst PM, Dawson RH, Berridge MV. Intercellular Communication in Tumor Biology: A Role for Mitochondrial Transfer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:344. [PMID: 30211122 PMCID: PMC6121133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication between cancer cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment plays a defining role in tumor development. Tumors contain infiltrates of stromal cells and immune cells that can either promote or inhibit tumor growth, depending on the cytokine/chemokine milieu of the tumor microenvironment and their effect on cell activation status. Recent research has shown that stromal cells can also affect tumor growth through the donation of mitochondria to respiration-deficient tumor cells, restoring normal respiration. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations affecting mitochondrial respiration lead to some level of respiratory incompetence, forcing cells to generate more energy by glycolysis. Highly glycolytic cancer cells tend to be very aggressive and invasive with poor patient prognosis. However, purely glycolytic cancer cells devoid of mitochondrial DNA cannot form tumors unless they acquire mitochondrial DNA from adjacent cells. This perspective article will address this apparent conundrum of highly glycolytic cells and cover aspects of intercellular communication between tumor cells and cells of the microenvironment with particular emphasis on intercellular mitochondrial transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patries M Herst
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca H Dawson
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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196
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Hubert JN, Zerjal T, Hospital F. Cancer- and behavior-related genes are targeted by selection in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201838. [PMID: 30102725 PMCID: PMC6089428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) is an aggressive cancer notorious for its rare etiology and its impact on Tasmanian devil populations. Two regions underlying an evolutionary response to this cancer were recently identified using genomic time-series pre- and post-DTFD arrival. Here, we support that DFTD shaped the genome of the Tasmanian devil in an even more extensive way than previously reported. We detected 97 signatures of selection, including 148 protein coding genes having a human orthologue, linked to DFTD. Most candidate genes are associated with cancer progression, and an important subset of candidate genes has additional influence on social behavior. This confirms the influence of cancer on the ecology and evolution of the Tasmanian devil. Our work also demonstrates the possibility to detect highly polygenic footprints of short-term selection in very small populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Noël Hubert
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatiana Zerjal
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric Hospital
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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197
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts: The Slavery of Stromal Fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6075403. [PMID: 29967776 PMCID: PMC6008683 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6075403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main stromal cell type of solid tumour microenvironment and undergo an activation process associated with secretion of growth factors, cytokines, and paracrine interactions. One of the important features of solid tumours is the metabolic reprogramming that leads to changes of bioenergetics and biosynthesis in both tumour cells and CAFs. In particular, CAFs follow the evolution of tumour disease and acquire a catabolic phenotype: in tumour tissues, cancer cells and tumour microenvironment form a network where the crosstalk between cancer cells and CAFs is associated with cell metabolic reprogramming that contributes to CAFs activation, cancer growth, and progression and evasion from cancer therapies. In this regard, the study of CAFs metabolic reprogramming could contribute to better understand their activation process, the interaction between stroma, and cancer cells and could offer innovative tools for the development of new therapeutic strategies able to eradicate the protumorigenic activity of CAFs. Therefore, this review focuses on CAFs metabolic reprogramming associated with both differentiation process and cancer and stromal cells crosstalk. Finally, therapeutic responses and potential anticancer strategies targeting CAFs metabolic reprogramming are reviewed.
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198
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LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. A peek into cancer-associated fibroblasts: origins, functions and translational impact. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/4/dmm029447. [PMID: 29686035 PMCID: PMC5963854 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In malignant tumors, cancer cells adapt to grow within their host tissue. As a cancer progresses, an accompanying host stromal response evolves within and around the nascent tumor. Among the host stromal constituents associated with the tumor are cancer-associated fibroblasts, a highly abundant and heterogeneous population of cells of mesenchymal lineage. Although it is known that fibroblasts are present from the tumor's inception to the end-stage metastatic spread, their precise functional role in cancer is not fully understood. It has been suggested that cancer-associated fibroblasts play a key role in modulating the behavior of cancer cells, in part by promoting tumor growth, but evolving data also argue for their antitumor actions. Taken together, this suggests a putative bimodal function for cancer-associated fibroblasts in oncogenesis. As illustrated in this Review and its accompanying poster, cancer-associated fibroblasts are a dynamic component of the tumor microenvironment that orchestrates the interplay between the cancer cells and the host stromal response. Understanding the complexity of the relationship between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts could offer insights into the regulation of tumor progression and control of cancer. Summary: Cancer-associated fibroblasts constitute a functionally heterogeneous mesenchymal cell population in the tumor microenvironment. This ‘At a glance’ article reviews their origin and their pro- and antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Palaga T, Wongchana W, Kueanjinda P. Notch Signaling in Macrophages in the Context of Cancer Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:652. [PMID: 29686671 PMCID: PMC5900058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting roles depending on the microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often associated with poor prognosis in most, but not all cancer. Understanding how macrophages become TAMs and how TAMs interact with tumor cells and shape the outcome of cancer is one of the key areas of interest in cancer therapy research. Notch signaling is involved in macrophage activation and its effector functions. Notch signaling has been indicated to play roles in the regulation of macrophage activation in pro-inflammatory and wound-healing processes. Recent evidence points to the involvement of canonical Notch signaling in the differentiation of TAMs in a breast cancer model. On the other hand, hyperactivation of Notch signaling specifically in macrophages in tumors mass has been shown to suppress tumor growth in an animal model of cancer. Investigations into how Notch signaling is regulated in TAMs and translates into pro- or anti-tumor functions are still largely in their infancy. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the current understanding of the conflicting roles of Notch signaling in regulating the effector function of macrophages and the involvement of Notch signaling in TAM differentiation and function. Furthermore, how Notch signaling in TAMs affects the tumor microenvironment is reviewed. Finally, the direct or indirect cross-talk among TAMs, tumor cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment via Notch signaling is discussed along with the possibility of its clinical application. Investigations into Notch signaling in macrophages may lead to a more effective way for immune intervention in the treatment of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Wongchana
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Institute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Patipark Kueanjinda
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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200
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Mentoor I, Engelbrecht AM, van Jaarsveld PJ, Nell T. Chemoresistance: Intricate Interplay Between Breast Tumor Cells and Adipocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:758. [PMID: 30619088 PMCID: PMC6297254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess adipose tissue is a hallmark of an overweight and/or obese state as well as a primary risk factor for breast cancer development and progression. In an overweight/obese state adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional due to rapid hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and immune cell infiltration which is associated with sustained low-grade inflammation originating from dysfunctional adipokine synthesis. Evidence also supports the role of excess adipose tissue (overweight/obesity) as a casual factor for the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Obesity-mediated effects/modifications may contribute to chemotherapeutic drug resistance by altering drug pharmacokinetics, inducing chronic inflammation, as well as altering tumor-associated adipocyte adipokine secretion. Adipocytes in the breast tumor microenvironment enhance breast tumor cell survival and decrease the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in chemotherapeutic resistance. A well-know chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin, has shown to negatively impact adipose tissue homeostasis, affecting adipose tissue/adipocyte functionality and storage. Here, it is implied that doxorubicin disrupts adipose tissue homeostasis affecting the functionality of adipose tissue/adipocytes. Although evidence on the effects of doxorubicin on adipose tissue/adipocytes under obesogenic conditions are lacking, this narrative review explores the potential role of obesity in breast cancer progression and treatment resistance with inflammation as an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul J. van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Theo Nell
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