151
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Koumaki E, Mamais D, Noutsopoulos C. Environmental fate of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in river water/sediment systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:233-241. [PMID: 27021262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory tests were conducted with four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac and ketoprofen) under different redox conditions (aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic and sulfate-reducing conditions) in order to assess abiotic and biotic degradation in a river water/sediment system. The river water was sampled from Sperchios River and the sediment was collected from the banks of a rural stream where the discharge point of a wastewater treatment plant is located. To quantitatively describe degradation kinetics of the selected compounds, pseudo first-order kinetics were adopted. According to the results, it can be stated that the concentration of the substances remained constant or decreased only marginally (p≥0.05) in the sterile experiments and this excludes abiotic processes such as hydrolysis or sorption as major removal mechanisms of the target compounds from the water phase and assign their removal to microbial action. Results showed that the removal rate of the compounds decreases as dissolved oxygen concentration in the river water/sediment system decreases. All compounds were found to be biodegradable under aerobic conditions at dissipation half-lives between 1.6 and 20.1days, while dissipation half-lives for naproxen and ketoprofen increase by a factor of 2 under all tested conditions in the absence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koumaki
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel Mamais
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Constantinos Noutsopoulos
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
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152
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Ruder AM, Hein MJ, Hopf NB, Waters MA. Cancer incidence among capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. Am J Ind Med 2017; 60:198-207. [PMID: 28059454 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated cancer incidence in a cohort of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposed workers. METHODS Incident cancers, identified using state registries, were compared to those in a national population using standardized incidence ratios. Trends in prostate cancer incidence with cumulative PCB exposure were evaluated using standardized rate ratios and Cox regression models. For selected sites, cumulative PCB exposure was compared between aggressive (fatal/distant stage) and localized/regional cancers. RESULTS We identified 3,371 invasive first primary cancer diagnoses among 21,317 eligible workers through 2007. Overall relative incidence was reduced. Elevations were only observed for respiratory cancers and among women, urinary organ cancers. Among men, prostate cancer incidence was reduced and not associated with cumulative PCB exposure although median exposures were significantly higher for aggressive compared to localized/regional prostate cancers. CONCLUSION Previously observed associations between cumulative PCB exposure and prostate cancer mortality were not confirmed in this analysis; prostate cancer stage at diagnosis may explain the discrepancy. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:198-207, 2017. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avima M. Ruder
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Misty J. Hein
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies; Cincinnati Ohio
- CACI, Inc.; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Nancy B. Hopf
- Institute for Work and Health (IST); Epalinges-Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Martha A. Waters
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Division of Applied Research and Technology; Cincinnati Ohio
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153
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Oziol L, Alliot F, Botton J, Bimbot M, Huteau V, Levi Y, Chevreuil M. First characterization of the endocrine-disrupting potential of indoor gaseous and particulate contamination: comparison with urban outdoor air (France). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3142-3152. [PMID: 27858277 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The composition of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the ambient air of indoor environments has already been described, but little is known about the inherent endocrine-disrupting potential of indoor air contamination. We therefore aimed to study the distribution of bioactive EDCs in the gaseous and particulate phases of indoor air using a cellular bioassay approach that integrates the interaction effects between chemicals. Organic air extracts, both gaseous and particulate, were taken from three indoor locations (office, apartment, and children's day care) in France and sampled in two different seasons in order to study their interference with the signaling of estrogen, androgen, and thyroid receptors. The experiments were also conducted on aerial extracts from an outdoor site (urban center). We found that gaseous and/or particulate extracts from all locations displayed estrogenicity, anti-androgenicity, and thyroidicity. Overall, indoor air extracts had a higher endocrine-disrupting potential compared to outdoor ones, especially during winter and in the day care. The biological activities were predominant for the gaseous extracts and tended to increase for the particulate extracts in cool conditions. In conclusion, our data confirmed the presence of bioactive EDCs in a gaseous state and highlighted their indoor origin and concentration, especially in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Oziol
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France.
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 Metis, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Botton
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Team "Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development" (ORCHAD), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Maya Bimbot
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Viviane Huteau
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yves Levi
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marc Chevreuil
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 Metis, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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154
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Walker DM, Gore AC. Epigenetic impacts of endocrine disruptors in the brain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 44:1-26. [PMID: 27663243 PMCID: PMC5429819 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of reproductive competence is organized and activated by steroid hormones acting upon the hypothalamus during critical windows of development. This review describes the potential role of epigenetic processes, particularly DNA methylation, in the regulation of sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus by hormones. We examine disruption of these processes by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in an age-, sex-, and region-specific manner, focusing on how perinatal EDCs act through epigenetic mechanisms to reprogram DNA methylation and sex steroid hormone receptor expression throughout life. These receptors are necessary for brain sexual differentiation and their altered expression may underlie disrupted reproductive physiology and behavior. Finally, we review the literature on histone modifications and non-coding RNA involvement in brain sexual differentiation and their perturbation by EDCs. By putting these data into a sex and developmental context we conclude that perinatal EDC exposure alters the developmental trajectory of reproductive neuroendocrine systems in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena M Walker
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1065, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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155
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Beristain-Montiel E, Villalobos-Pietrini R, Arias-Loaiza G, Gómez-Arroyo S, Amador-Muñoz O. An innovative ultrasound assisted extraction micro-scale cell combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization to determine persistent organic pollutants in air particulate matter. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1477:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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156
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Cuadras A, Rovira E, Marcé RM, Borrull F. Lung cancer risk by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Mediterranean industrialized area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23215-23227. [PMID: 27604127 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on characterizing the chronic risk assessment from inhalation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for people living near the largest chemical complex in the Mediterranean area. Eighteen PAHs were determined in the atmospheric gas and particle phases, counting PM10 and total suspended particles. The lifetime lung cancer risk from PAH exposure was estimated, and the contribution was assessed by phases. The results obtained with the continuous lifetime scenario were compared with those obtained with different chronic scenarios. The estimated chronic risk was also compared with those reported in previous studies. PAHs were present at higher concentration in the gas phase (>84 %) with a major contribution of the most volatile PAHs, and an equitable distribution of heavy PAHs between gas and particle phases was observed. Petroleum combustion and traffic emissions were suggested as the main sources, but the influence of petrogenic sources cannot be ruled out. The estimated average lifetime lung cancer risk in this study ranged between 3.2 × 10-5 and 4.3 × 10-5. The gas phase accounted for the most significant contribution to the total risk (>60 %). Fluoranthene (FluT), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DahA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), as a whole, made the greatest contribution to the total risk (>80 %). BaP-bound PM10 accounted for a small contribution of the total risk (10 %). Chronic exposures lower than total lifetime hours could even pose a risk >10-5. The results also showed that BaP-bound PM10, according to current legislation, may not be a good indicator of the real risk by PAH exposure. Concerning previous studies, the economic situation may have an impact on reducing the cancer risk by PAH inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cuadras
- Observatory of Health and Environment of Tarragona, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Av. Maria Cristina, 54, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Enric Rovira
- Observatory of Health and Environment of Tarragona, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Av. Maria Cristina, 54, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- Chemistry Technology Center (CTQ), Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n. Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Chemistry Technology Center (CTQ), Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n. Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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157
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Rahman A, Kumarathasan P, Gomes J. Infant and mother related outcomes from exposure to metals with endocrine disrupting properties during pregnancy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:1022-1031. [PMID: 27378155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-related adverse health effects from exposure to heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury are yet to be adequately described. The purpose of this review was to gain insight into maternal exposure to heavy metals, and to identify potential endocrine-related adverse health effects in the mother and the infant. METHODS Relevant databases were searched for original research reports and a total of 46 articles were retained for scrutiny. Required data was extracted from these studies and their methodology was assessed. RESULTS Impaired fetal growth was observed from exposure to all endocrine disrupting metals, while exposure to lead and arsenic were associated with spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and neonatal deaths. Maternal exposure to arsenic was associated with impaired glucose tolerance in these mothers. CONCLUSION Impaired fetal growth, fetal loss, and neonatal deaths were significantly associated with heavy metals exposure during pregnancy; however, hypertension and gestational diabetes require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rahman
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - P Kumarathasan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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158
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Urbancova K, Lankova D, Rossner P, Rossnerova A, Svecova V, Tomaniova M, Veleminsky M, Sram RJ, Hajslova J, Pulkrabova J. Evaluation of 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in urine of Czech mothers and newborns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 577:S0048-9697(16)32353-1. [PMID: 28029453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a large group of ubiquitous contaminants of the environment, including food chain where they are released as by-products of incomplete combustion of an organic matter. Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to PAHs correlated with increased incidence of cancer. Carcinogenicity is associated mainly with metabolites that are formed during metabolic degradation of these substances in exposed organism. In this study monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs), the major metabolites excreted into urine, were determined in 531 urine samples collected from mothers and their newborns from two localities of the Czech Republic - heavily air polluted Karvina and control locality of Ceske Budejovice and in two sampling rounds - August-October 2013 (summer, less air polluted season) and January-April 2014 (winter, more air polluted season). From all targeted analytes, naphthalene-2-ol was the most abundant compound present in 100% of the samples and it represented also the analyte with the highest concentration. Median concentration of ΣOH-PAHs in the urine of children was on average 1.6 times lower compared to the respective mother which correlates with higher intake of PAHs by mothers. ΣOH-PAHs concentrations determined in mothers' urine collected in the summer were comparable in both localities. No significant increase occurred in Ceske Budejovice in winter, while in samples from the Karvina region a statistically significant difference (α=0.05) in the amount of ΣOH-PAHs was observed. The median concentrations of ΣOH-PAHs in mothers' urine samples in the winter were 1.5 times higher than in the summer in the same locality. The amounts of ΣOH-PAHs in newborns' urine from Karvina in the winter season were 1.5 times higher than in the summer collected in the same locality and 3.3 times higher when compared with the less polluted locality of Ceske Budejovice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Urbancova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Lankova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Svecova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Tomaniova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Veleminsky
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radim J Sram
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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159
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Dealing with the ubiquity of phthalates in the laboratory when determining plasticizers by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and PARAFAC. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1464:124-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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160
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Yao HY, Han Y, Gao H, Huang K, Ge X, Xu YY, Xu YQ, Jin ZX, Sheng J, Yan SQ, Zhu P, Hao JH, Tao FB. Maternal phthalate exposure during the first trimester and serum thyroid hormones in pregnant women and their newborns. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 157:42-8. [PMID: 27208644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Animal and human studies have suggested that phthalate alters thyroid hormone concentrations. This study investigated the associations between phthalate exposure during the first trimester and thyroid hormones in pregnant women and their newborns. Pregnant women were enrolled from the prospective Ma'anshan Birth Cohort study in China. A standard questionnaire was completed by the women at the first antenatal visit. Seven phthalate metabolites were measured in one-spot urine at enrolment (10.0 ± 2.1 gestational weeks), as were thyroid hormone levels in maternal and cord sera. Multivariable linear regression showed that 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in natural log (ln)-transformed mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) was associated with 0.163 μg/dL (p = 0.001) and 0.173 μg/dL (p = 0.001) decreases in maternal total thyroxine (TT4). Both MEHP and MEHHP were negatively associated with maternal free thyroxine (FT4; β: -0.013, p < 0.001 and β: -0.011, p = 0.001, respectively) and positively associated with maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (β: 0.101, p < 0.001; β: 0.132, p < 0.001, respectively). An inverse association was observed between monobenzyl phthalate and maternal TT4 and FT4. A 1-SD increase in ln-transformed monoethyl phthalate was inversely associated with maternal TT4 (β: -0.151, p = 0.002). By contrast, the concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine were not associated with those of thyroid hormone in cord serum. Our analysis suggested that phthalate exposure during the first trimester disrupts maternal thyroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Yao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Ge
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ye-Qing Xu
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Jin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang-Qin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Hu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China.
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161
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Inoue-Choi M, Weyer PJ, Jones RR, Booth BJ, Cantor KP, Robien K, Ward MH. Atrazine in public water supplies and risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:582-7. [PMID: 27371663 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated environmental chemical exposures in relation to ovarian cancer. We previously found an increased risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women in Iowa associated with higher nitrate levels in public water supplies (PWS). However, elevated nitrate levels may reflect the presence of other agricultural chemicals, such as atrazine, one of the most commonly detected pesticides in Iowa PWS. METHODS We evaluated the association between atrazine in drinking water and incident ovarian cancer (N=145, 1986-2010) among 13 041 postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study who used their PWS for ≥11 years as reported in 1989. Average levels of atrazine (1986-1987), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N, 1955-1988) and estimated levels of total trihalomethanes (TTHM, 1955-1988) from PWS monitoring data were linked to the participants' cities of residence. We computed HRs and 95% CIs by categories of the average atrazine level (not detected, ≤ or >0.37 parts per billion=median) using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for ovarian cancer risk factors. RESULTS Atrazine was detected in water samples from 69 cities where 4155 women (32%) lived and levels were moderately correlated with NO3-N (ρ=0.35) and TTHM (ρ=0.24). Atrazine levels were not associated with ovarian cancer risk with or without adjusting for NO3-N and TTHM levels (p-trend=0.50 and 0.81, respectively). Further, there was no evidence for effect modification of the atrazine association by NO3-N or TTHM levels. CONCLUSIONS In our study with low atrazine detection rates, we found no association between atrazine in PWS and postmenopausal ovarian cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Inoue-Choi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter J Weyer
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin J Booth
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth P Cantor
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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162
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Zhang Q, Ji C, Yin X, Yan L, Lu M, Zhao M. Thyroid hormone-disrupting activity and ecological risk assessment of phosphorus-containing flame retardants by in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 210:27-33. [PMID: 26701863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, phosphorus-containing flame retardants (PFRs) have been frequently detected in various environmental media and biota - and in humans - as the result of steady increase in global usage of PFRs. However, studies on the potential health and ecological risks of PFRs are still scarce. In this study, we investigated the thyroid hormone-disrupting activity and ecological risk of nine frequently detected PFRs by in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. Results from the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that tributyl phosphate (TNBP), tricresyl phosphate (TMPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl)phosphate (TDCIPP) exerted thyroid receptor β (TRβ) antagonistic activity, with the values of RIC20 of 5.2 × 10(-7), 2.7 × 10(-7), 1.2 × 10(-6) and 6.8 × 10(-6) M, respectively. Molecular docking platform simulations suggested that the observed effects may be attributed to direct binding of PFRs to TR. Results from the T-screen assay indicated that TNBP and TMPP showed T3 antagonistic activity and thus significantly decreased the viability of GH3 cell lines in the presence of T3. The exposure assay using Xenopus tropicalis embryos revealed the potential teratogenic effect of TNBP, TMPP, TCIPP and TDCIPP. In conclusion, our studies revealed that some PFRs were potential thyroid hormone disruptors and may cause health and ecological risks. However, the mode of action of PFRs on TR remains uncertain. The correlation between the predicted affinity and the amplitude of the effect observed in cell based assay is encouraging, but not decisive. Further in vitro binding experiments of TR and PFRs are required. At the same time, the results provided here also demonstrated that multi-model approaches are of great importance to comprehensively evaluate the potential risks of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaohui Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lu Yan
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meiya Lu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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163
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Ctistis G, Schön P, Bakker W, Luthe G. PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs co-occurrence in TiO2 nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4837-4843. [PMID: 26545886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report on the co-occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) adsorbed on nanoparticular titanium dioxide (TiO2). We report on the finding of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the surface of commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles, being formed during the fabrication process of the TiO2. Thereby, the samples comprise PCBs with higher congener numbers or, in the absence of PCBs, a high concentration of PCDDs and PCDFs. This new class of POPs on an active catalytic surface and the great range of applications of nanoparticular TiO2, such as in color pigments, cosmetics, and inks, give rise to great concern due to their potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Ctistis
- NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science and Technology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schön
- NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science and Technology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Bakker
- NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science and Technology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gregor Luthe
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Luthe Pharma®, Fabrikstrasse 2, 48599, Gronau, Germany.
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164
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Prenatal Exposures to Multiple Thyroid Hormone Disruptors: Effects on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. J Thyroid Res 2016; 2016:8765049. [PMID: 26989557 PMCID: PMC4773558 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8765049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for normal human fetal development and play a major role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Delivery of TH to target tissues is dependent on processes including TH synthesis, transport, and metabolism. Thyroid hormone endocrine disruptors (TH-EDCs) are chemical substances that interfere with these processes, potentially leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Objectives. This review focuses on the effects of prenatal exposures to combinations of TH-EDCs on fetal and neonatal glucose and lipid metabolism and also discusses the various mechanisms by which TH-EDCs interfere with other hormonal pathways. Methods. We conducted a comprehensive narrative review on the effects of TH-EDCs with particular emphasis on exposure during pregnancy. Discussion. TH imbalance has been linked to many metabolic processes and the effects of TH imbalance are particularly pronounced in early fetal development due to fetal dependence on maternal TH for proper growth and development. The pervasive presence of EDCs in the environment results in ubiquitous exposure to either single or mixtures of EDCs with deleterious effects on metabolism. Conclusions. Further evaluation of combined effects of TH-EDCs on fetal metabolic endpoints could improve advice provided to expectant mothers.
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165
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Gao DW, Wen ZD. Phthalate esters in the environment: A critical review of their occurrence, biodegradation, and removal during wastewater treatment processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:986-1001. [PMID: 26473701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are one of the most frequently detected persistent organic pollutants in the environment. A better understanding of their occurrence and degradation in the environment and during wastewater treatment processes will facilitate the development of strategies to reduce these pollutants and to bioremediate contaminated freshwater and soil. Phthalate esters occur at measurable levels in different environments worldwide. For example, the concentrations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in atmospheric particulate matter, fresh water and sediments, soil, and landfills are N.D.-10.4 ng/m(3), N.D.-31.7 μg/L, N.D.-316 μg/kg dry weight, and N.D.-200 μg/kg dry weight, N.D.-43.27 μg/L, respectively. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) are primary phthalate ester pollutants. Urbanization has increased the discharge of phthalate esters to atmospheric and aquatic environments, and the use of agricultural plastics has exacerbated soil contamination by phthalate esters in rural areas. Aerobic biodegradation is the primary manner of phthalate ester mineralization in the environment, and this process has been widely studied. Phthalate esters can be removed during wastewater treatment processes. The combination of different wastewater treatment technologies showed greater efficiency in the removal of phthalate esters than individual treatment steps, such as the combination of anaerobic wastewater treatment with a membrane bioreactor would increase the efficiency of phthalate ester removal from 65%-71% to 95%-97%. This review provides a useful framework to identify future research objectives to achieve the mineralization and elimination of phthalate esters in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhi-Dan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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166
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Pongpiachan S. Assessment of Reliability when Using Diagnostic Binary Ratios of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Air PM10. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8605-11. [PMID: 26745124 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliability of using diagnostic binary ratios of particulate carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as chemical tracers for source characterisation was assessed by collecting PM10 samples from various air quality observatory sites in Thailand. The major objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of day and night on the alterations of six different PAH diagnostic binary ratios: An/(An + Phe), Fluo/(Fluo + Pyr), B[a]A/(B[a]A + Chry), B[a]P/(B[a]P + B[e]P), Ind/(Ind + B[g,h,i]P), and B[k]F/Ind, and to investigate the impacts of site-specific conditions on the alterations of PAH diagnostic binary ratios by applying the concept of the coefficient of divergence (COD). No significant differences between day and night were found for any of the diagnostic binary ratios of PAHs, which indicates that the photodecomposition process is of minor importance in terms of PAH reduction. Interestingly, comparatively high values of COD for An/(An + Phe) in PM10 collected from sites with heavy traffic and in residential zones underline the influence of heterogeneous reactions triggered by oxidising gaseous species from vehicular exhausts. Therefore, special attention must be paid when interpreting the data of these diagnostic binary ratios, particularly for cases of low-molecular-weight PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwatt Pongpiachan
- NIDA Center for Research and Development of Disaster Prevention and Management, School of Social and Environmental Development, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), Sereethai Road, Bangkapi, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail :
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167
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Roopan SM, Palaniraja J, Elango G, Arunachalam P, Sudhakaran R. Catalytic application of non-toxic Persia americana metabolite entrapped SnO2nanoparticles towards the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroacridin-1(2H)-ones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25975d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesized green SnO2NPs were utilized in organic synthesis. Catalytic application was explored to synthesize 3,4-dihydroacridin-1(2H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore
| | - Jeyakannu Palaniraja
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore
| | - Ganesh Elango
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore
| | - Prabhakarn Arunachalam
- Electrochemistry Research Group
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - R. Sudhakaran
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences
- School of Bio-Sciences & Technology
- VIT University
- Vellore 632014
- India
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168
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Abstract
Exposure to chemicals from different sources in everyday life is widespread; one such source is the wide range of products listed under the title "cosmetics", including the different types of popular and widely-advertised sunscreens. Women are encouraged through advertising to buy into the myth of everlasting youth, and one of the most alarming consequences is in utero exposure to chemicals. The main route of exposure is the skin, but the main endpoint of exposure is endocrine disruption. This is due to many substances in cosmetics and sunscreens that have endocrine active properties which affect reproductive health but which also have other endpoints, such as cancer. Reducing the exposure to endocrine disruptors is framed not only in the context of the reduction of health risks, but is also significant against the background and rise of ethical consumerism, and the responsibility of the cosmetics industry in this respect. Although some plants show endocrine-disrupting activity, the use of well-selected natural products might reduce the use of synthetic chemicals. Instruments dealing with this problem include life-cycle analysis, eco-design, and green labels; in combination with the committed use of environmental management systems, they contribute to "corporate social responsibility".
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Nicolopoulou-Stamati
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, MSc "Environment and Health. Capacity Building for Decision Making", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Luc Hens
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Boeretang 200, B2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Annie J Sasco
- Epidemiology for Cancer Prevention, Team on HIV, Cancer and Global Health, Inserm U 897 - Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bordeaux Segalen University, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France
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169
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Koumaki E, Mamais D, Noutsopoulos C, Nika MC, Bletsou AA, Thomaidis NS, Eftaxias A, Stratogianni G. Degradation of emerging contaminants from water under natural sunlight: The effect of season, pH, humic acids and nitrate and identification of photodegradation by-products. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:675-81. [PMID: 26246277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Both photodegradation and hydrolysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were investigated in order to evaluate their photochemical fate in aquatic environment and to assess the effect of season and specific characteristics of water (pH, humic acids and nitrate concentration) on the removal of target EDCs and NSAIDs through photodegradation. An additional objective was the identification of the photodegradation by-products of specific NSAIDs and their dependence on irradiation time. Selected compounds' transformation was investigated under natural sunlight radiation while control experiments were conducted in the dark. As expected, most of compounds' degradation rate decreased with decreasing light intensity between two different experimental periods. Most of the tested compounds exhibited different rates of degradation during direct and indirect photolysis. The degradation rate of the selected compounds increased in the presence of NO3(-) and the photodegradation rate was higher for some compounds in alkaline than in acidic solution. The effect of humic acids' presence in the water depends on the absorbance spectrum of the compound and the produced photosensitizers. More specifically, humic acids act as inner filter toward most of the selected NSAIDs and as photosensitizers toward most of the EDCs. The results of the irradiation experiments in the presence of both humic acids and NO3(-), indicate that the direct photolysis is much more efficient than indirect photochemical processes. Finally, several degradation by-products of ketoprofen and diclofenac were identified in the samples, exposed to sunlight. The dependence of these by-products on radiation time is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koumaki
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel Mamais
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Constantinos Noutsopoulos
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna A Bletsou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Eftaxias
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Stratogianni
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
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170
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Vaiserman A. Epidemiologic evidence for association between adverse environmental exposures in early life and epigenetic variation: a potential link to disease susceptibility? Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:96. [PMID: 26366233 PMCID: PMC4567831 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the risk of development and progression of a variety of human chronic diseases depends on epigenetic modifications triggered by environmental cues during early life sensitive stages. Exposures to environmental factors such as adverse nutritional, psychological, and social conditions, as well as pollutants and substance abuse in early life, have been shown to be important determinants of epigenetic programming of chronic pathological conditions in human populations. Over the past years, it has become increasingly clear due to the epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) that early life adverse environmental events may trigger widespread and persistent alterations in transcriptional profiling. Several candidate genes have been identified underlying these associations. In this context, DNA methylation is the most intensively studied epigenetic phenomenon. In this review, the clinical and epidemiological evidence for the role of epigenetic factors in mediating the link between early life experiences and long-term health outcomes are summarized.
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171
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Zhang J, Huang Y, Wang X, Lin K, Wu K. Environmental Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142513. [PMID: 26555153 PMCID: PMC4640539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association between polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and breast cancer risk has been widely studied, but the results remain controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the evidences from observational studies on PCB exposure and breast cancer risk. METHODS Relevant studies with data on internal PCB dose were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, CBM and CNKI databases through November 2014. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the association between PCB exposure and breast cancer risk. Heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and publication bias test were also performed. To further explore the association between specific groups of PCB congeners and breast cancer, we examined the PCB congeners classified, according to their structural, biological and pharmacokinetics properties, as group I (potentially estrogenic), group II (potentially anti-estrogenic and immunotoxic, dioxin-like), and group III (phenobarbital, CYP1A and CYP2B inducers, biologically persistent). RESULTS Of 660 studies screened, 25 studies which met criteria were selected, involving a total of 12866 participants (6088 cases and 6778 controls) from eight countries. The results showed that the risk of breast cancer was associated with group II (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08-1.40) and group III (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09-1.43) PCBs, but not with group I (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.97-1.24) PCBs or total PCB exposure (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 0.97-1.22). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis based on the selected studies found group II and group III PCB exposure might contribute to the risk of breast cancer. More studies in developing countries with higher PCB levels are needed, as well as studies to explore the relationships between mixtures of organochlorine compounds and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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