151
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Guibas GV, Makris M, Papadopoulos NG. Key Regulators of Sensitization and Tolerance: GM-CSF, IL-10, TGF-β and the Notch Signaling Pathway in Adjuvant-Free Experimental Models of Respiratory Allergy. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 32:307-23. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.794457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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152
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Chen K, Liu M, Liu Y, Wang C, Yoshimura T, Gong W, Le Y, Tessarollo L, Wang JM. Signal relay by CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and formylpeptide receptor 2 (Fpr2) in the recruitment of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in allergic airway inflammation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16262-16273. [PMID: 23603910 PMCID: PMC3675565 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.450635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoattractant receptors regulate leukocyte accumulation at sites of inflammation. In allergic airway inflammation, although a chemokine receptor CCR2 was implicated in mediating monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC) recruitment into the lung, we previously also discovered reduced accumulation of DCs in the inflamed lung in mice deficient in formylpeptide receptor Fpr2 (Fpr2(-/-)). We therefore investigated the role of Fpr2 in the trafficking of monocyte-derived DCs in allergic airway inflammation in cooperation with CCR2. We report that in allergic airway inflammation, CCR2 mediated the recruitment of monocyte-derived DCs to the perivascular region, and Fpr2 was required for further migration of the cells into the bronchiolar area. We additionally found that the bronchoalveolar lavage liquid from mice with airway inflammation contained both the CCR2 ligand CCL2 and an Fpr2 agonist CRAMP. Furthermore, similar to Fpr2(-/-) mice, in the inflamed airway of CRAMP(-/-) mice, DC trafficking into the peribronchiolar areas was diminished. Our study demonstrates that the interaction of CCR2 and Fpr2 with their endogenous ligands sequentially mediates the trafficking of DCs within the inflamed lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research
| | - Mingyong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research
| | | | - Yingying Le
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research.
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153
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Okuyama K, Suenaga M, Furuki S, Kawano T, Ohkawara Y, Takayanagi M, Kikuchi T, Ohno I. Contribution of CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells to female-dominant antigen-induced T helper type 2 cytokine production by bronchial lymph node cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161 Suppl 2:58-65. [PMID: 23711855 DOI: 10.1159/000350426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After puberty, asthma severity is higher in women than in men. The underlying mechanisms of this gender difference are not fully understood. In murine models of allergic asthma, more severe airway inflammation in female mice is associated with higher levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of CD4(+) T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) to the differences in Th2 cytokine production between sexes. METHODS Bronchial lymph node (BLN) cells from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized male and female C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with OVA and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. The CD4(+) T cells and DCs purified from BLN cells were cocultured with OVA in a sex-matched or mismatched fashion. The CD4(+) T cells were also stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-4, IL-13 and interferon (IFN)-γ in the culture supernatants were measured. RESULTS The concentrations of IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13, but not IFN-γ, were significantly higher in female BLN cells stimulated with OVA than in male BLN cells. Sex differences were also observed in the CD4(+) T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies, whereas only IL-4 was significantly different in the BLN cells stimulated with antibodies. IL-5 production by OVA-stimulated male and female CD4(+) T cells, but not IL-4 or IL-13 production, was significantly increased in the coculture with female DCs when compared to the male DCs. CONCLUSIONS The differences in Th2 cytokine production between sexes by the BLN cells may be attributable, at least in part, to the differing functions of CD4(+) T cells and DCs between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Okuyama
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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154
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Knuschke T, Sokolova V, Rotan O, Wadwa M, Tenbusch M, Hansen W, Staeheli P, Epple M, Buer J, Westendorf AM. Immunization with Biodegradable Nanoparticles Efficiently Induces Cellular Immunity and Protects against Influenza Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6221-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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155
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Toussaint M, Fievez L, Drion PV, Cataldo D, Bureau F, Lekeux P, Desmet CJ. Myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor 1α prevents airway allergy in mice through macrophage-mediated immunoregulation. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:485-97. [PMID: 22968421 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) has important roles in promoting pro-inflammatory and bactericidal functions in myeloid cells. Conditional genetic ablation of its major subunit Hif1α in the myeloid lineage consequently results in decreased inflammatory responses in classical models of acute inflammation in mice. By contrast, we report here that mice conditionally deficient for Hif1α in myeloid cells display enhanced sensitivity to the development of airway allergy to experimental allergens and house-dust mite antigens. We support that upon allergen exposure, MyD88-dependent upregulation of Hif1α boosts the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 by lung interstitial macrophages (IMs). Hif1α-dependent IL-10 secretion is required for IMs to block allergen-induced dendritic cell activation and consequently for preventing the development of allergen-specific T-helper cell responses upon allergen exposure. Thus, this study supports that, in addition to its known pro-inflammatory activities, myeloid Hif1α possesses immunoregulatory functions implicated in the prevention of airway allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toussaint
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research Center and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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156
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Gabriele L, Schiavoni G, Mattei F, Sanchez M, Sestili P, Butteroni C, Businaro R, Mirchandani A, Niedbala W, Liew FY, Afferni C. Novel allergic asthma model demonstrates ST2-dependent dendritic cell targeting by cypress pollen. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:686-695.e7. [PMID: 23608732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cypress pollen causes respiratory syndromes with different grades of severity, including asthma. IL-33, its receptor ST2, and dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in human respiratory allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to define a new mouse model of allergy to cypress pollen that recapitulates clinical parameters in allergic patients and to evaluate the implications of DCs and the IL-33/ST2 pathway in this pathology. METHODS BALB/c mice, either wild-type or ST2 deficient (ST2(-/-)), were sensitized and challenged with the Cupressus arizonica major allergen nCup a 1. Local and systemic allergic responses were evaluated. Pulmonary cells were characterized by means of flow cytometry. DCs were stimulated with nCup a 1 and tested for their biological response to IL-33 in coculture assays. RESULTS nCup a 1 causes a respiratory syndrome closely resembling human pollinosis in BALB/c mice. nCup a 1-treated mice exhibit the hallmarks of allergic pathology associated with pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils, T cells, and DCs and a dominant TH2-type immune response. IL-33 levels were increased in lungs and sera of nCup a 1-treated mice and in subjects with cypress allergy. The allergen-specific reaction was markedly reduced in ST2(-/-) mice, which showed fewer infiltrating eosinophils, T cells, and DCs in the lungs. Finally, stimulation of DCs with nCup a 1 resulted in ST2 upregulation that endowed DCs with increased ability to respond to IL-33-mediated differentiation of IL-5- and IL-13-producing CD4 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define a novel preclinical model of allergy to cypress pollen and provide the first evidence of a functionally relevant linkage between pollen allergens and TH2-polarizing activity by DCs through IL-33/ST2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sestili
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Butteroni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Human Anatomy, University "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Ananda Mirchandani
- Institute of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Wanda Niedbala
- Institute of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Foo Y Liew
- Institute of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; CEGMR, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudia Afferni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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157
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Atamas SP, Chapoval SP, Keegan AD. Cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases. F1000 BIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 5:3. [PMID: 23413371 PMCID: PMC3564216 DOI: 10.3410/b5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are small, secreted proteins that control immune responses. Within the lung, they can control host responses to injuries or infection, resulting in clearance of the insult, repair of lung tissue, and return to homeostasis. Problems can arise when this response is over exuberant and/or cytokine production becomes dysregulated. In such cases, chronic and repeated inflammatory reactions and cytokine production can be established, leading to airway remodeling and fibrosis with unintended, maladaptive consequences. In this report, we describe the cytokines and molecular mechanisms behind the pathology observed in three major chronic diseases of the lung: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. Overlapping mechanisms are presented as potential sites for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei P Atamas
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ; Baltimore VA Medical Center Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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158
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Collison A, Hatchwell L, Verrills N, Wark PAB, de Siqueira AP, Tooze M, Carpenter H, Don AS, Morris JC, Zimmermann N, Bartlett NW, Rothenberg ME, Johnston SL, Foster PS, Mattes J. The E3 ubiquitin ligase midline 1 promotes allergen and rhinovirus-induced asthma by inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A activity. Nat Med 2013; 19:232-7. [PMID: 23334847 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation is associated with activation of innate immune pathways by allergens. Acute exacerbations of asthma are commonly associated with rhinovirus infection. Here we show that, after exposure to house dust mite (HDM) or rhinovirus infection, the E3 ubiquitin ligase midline 1 (MID1) is upregulated in mouse bronchial epithelium. HDM regulates MID1 expression in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-dependent manner. MID1 decreases protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity through association with its catalytic subunit PP2Ac. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MID1 or pharmacological activation of PP2A using a nonphosphorylatable FTY720 analog in mice exposed to HDM reduces airway hyperreactivity and inflammation, including the expression of interleukin-25 (IL-25), IL-33 and CCL20, IL-5 and IL-13 release, nuclear factor (NF)κB activity, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, accumulation of eosinophils, T lymphocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, and the number of mucus-producing cells. MID1 inhibition also limited rhinovirus-induced exacerbation of allergic airway disease. We found that MID1 was upregulated in primary human bronchial epithelial cells upon HDM or rhinovirus exposure, and this correlated with TRAIL and CCL20 expression. Together, these findings identify a key role of MID1 in allergic airway inflammation and links innate immune pathway activation to the development and exacerbation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Collison
- Experimental and Translational Respiratory Group, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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159
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Molecular and Physiological Determinants of Pulmonary Developmental Biology: a Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.12691/ajbr-1-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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160
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Bronnert M, Mancini J, Birnbaum J, Agabriel C, Liabeuf V, Porri F, Cleach I, Fabre A, Deneux I, Grandné V, Grob JJ, Berbis P, Charpin D, Bongrand P, Vitte J. Component-resolved diagnosis with commercially available D. pteronyssinus Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 10: relevant markers for house dust mite allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1406-15). [PMID: 22747483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the prevalence and serum levels of IgE to commercial Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10 and the carbohydrate MUXF3 in house dust-mite allergic patients. To compare individual vs. allergen microarray methods. METHODS Prevalence and serum levels of IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract and components Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10 and MUXF3, specific IgG4 to D. pteronyssinus, total serum IgE levels, and clinical features (age, asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis) were determined in 123 patients (64 children) with the ImmunoCAP® method. ImmunoCAP ISAC® was performed in 24 patients. RESULTS All patients had serum IgE to D. pteronyssinus. Prevalences of serum IgE to commercial components were Der p 1 93%, Der p 2 77% (Der p 1 or Der p 2 94%), Der p 10 28% and MUXF3 25%. Levels of D. pteronyssinus IgE strongly correlated with Der p 1 and Der p 2 IgE (r = 0.89 and 0.85 respectively), but not Der p 10 and MUXF3. ImmunoCAP® and ImmunoCAP ISAC® were concordant, but the quantitative correlation was poor. No clinical implication for the prevalence, levels, or molecular IgE reactivity profile to house dust mite components was found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Commercially available Der p 1 and Der p 2 strongly correlate with IgE D. pteronyssinus. The lack of Der p 1 and Der p 2 IgE may help with differential diagnosis. Der p 10 serum IgE prevalence and levels suggest different patterns in food and mite-related tropomyosin sensitization. Serum IgE to carbohydrate MUXF3, although unexpectedly prevalent, were low and did not modify D. pteronyssinus IgE levels. Follow-up may be best carried out with individual rather than microarrayed components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bronnert
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Hôpital Conception 147 bd Baille F-13005 Marseille, France
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161
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Torres R, Herrerias A, Serra-Pagès M, Marco A, Plaza J, Costa-Farré C, Montoya M, Picado C, de Mora F. Locally administered prostaglandin E2 prevents aeroallergen-induced airway sensitization in mice through immunomodulatory mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2013; 70:50-9. [PMID: 23298698 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 attenuates airway pathology in asthmatic patients and exerts a protective effect in antigen-sensitized mice when administered systemically. We aimed to establish the consequences of intranasal PGE2 administration on airway reactivity to aeroallergens in mice and reveal the underlying immunoinflammatory mechanisms. PGE2 was administered either daily during a 10-day exposure to house dust mite (HDM) extracts or for limited intervals. Airway hyperreactivity was measured by whole-body and invasive plethysmography. The phenotypes of lung immune cells and cytokine production were analysed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Airway hyperreactivity was sustainably reduced only when PGE2 administration was restricted to the initial 5 days of exposure to HDM. Lung inflammation, IL-4 production, and airway mast cell activity were also prevented under this early short-term treatment with PGE2. Interestingly, a Th2 response was already committed on day 5 of exposure to HDM. This was paralleled by GM-CSF and osteopontin upregulation and a decreased number of plasmacytoid dendritic and T regulatory cells, as well as a trend towards reduced IL-10 expression. Local PGE2 administration prevented the increase of airway IL-13 and osteopontin and kept lung plasmacytoid dendritic cell counts close to baseline. GM-CSF and Tregs were unaffected by the treatment. These findings suggest that the protection provided by PGE2 is a result of the modulation of early lung immunomodulatory mechanisms, and possibly a shift in the balance of dendritic cells towards a tolerogenic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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162
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Cheng LE, Hartmann K, Roers A, Krummel MF, Locksley RM. Perivascular mast cells dynamically probe cutaneous blood vessels to capture immunoglobulin E. Immunity 2013; 38:166-75. [PMID: 23290520 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that play a central role in allergic disease. These contributions are largely dependent on the acquisition of antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Despite this requirement, studies of mast cell and IgE interactions have overlooked the mechanism by which mast cells acquire IgE from the blood. To address this gap, we developed reporter IgE molecules and employed imaging techniques to study mast cell function in situ. Our data demonstrate that skin mast cells exhibit selective uptake of IgE based on perivascular positioning. Furthermore, perivascular mast cells acquire IgE by extending cell processes across the vessel wall to capture luminal IgE. These data demonstrate how tissue mast cells acquire IgE and reveal a strategy by which extravascular cells monitor blood contents to capture molecules central to cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence E Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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163
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Van Scott MR, Chandler J, Olmstead S, Brown JM, Mannie M. Airway Anatomy, Physiology, and Inflammation. THE TOXICANT INDUCTION OF IRRITANT ASTHMA, RHINITIS, AND RELATED CONDITIONS 2013. [PMCID: PMC7122617 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9044-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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164
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Nakano H, Cook DN. Pulmonary antigen presenting cells: isolation, purification, and culture. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1032:19-29. [PMID: 23943441 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-496-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages comprise a relatively small fraction of leukocytes residing in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Accordingly, functional analyses of these cells have been hampered by low cell yields. Also, alveolar macrophages share several physical properties with DCs, and this has complicated efforts to prepare pure populations of lung APCs. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed improved flow cytometry-based methods to analyze and purify APCs from the lung and its draining lymph nodes (LNs). In this chapter, we describe these methods in detail, as well as methods for culturing APCs and characterizing their interactions with T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nakano
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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165
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Mesnil C, Sabatel CM, Marichal T, Toussaint M, Cataldo D, Drion PV, Lekeux P, Bureau F, Desmet CJ. Resident CD11b(+)Ly6C(-) lung dendritic cells are responsible for allergic airway sensitization to house dust mite in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53242. [PMID: 23300898 PMCID: PMC3534017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to be the prime initiators of airway allergy. Yet, it remains unclear whether specific DC subsets are preferentially involved in allergic airway sensitization. Here, we systematically assessed the respective pro-allergic potential of individually sorted lung DC subsets isolated from house dust mite antigen (HDM)-treated donor mice, following transfer to naïve recipients. Transfer of lung CD11c(+)CD11b(+) DCs, but not CD11c(+)CD11b(-)CD103(+) DCs, was sufficient to prime airway allergy. The CD11c(+)CD11b(+) DC subpopulation was composed of CD11c(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) inflammatory monocyte-derived cells, whose numbers increase in the lungs following HDM exposure, and of CD11c(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(-) DCs, which remain stable. Counterintuitively, only CD11c(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(-) DCs, and not CD11c(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) DCs, were able to convey antigen to the lymph nodes and induce adaptive T cell responses and subsequent airway allergy. Our results thus support that lung resident non-inflammatory CD11c(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(-) DCs are the essential inducers of allergic airway sensitization to the common aeroallergen HDM in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mesnil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine M. Sabatel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Toussaint
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumours and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Vincent Drion
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lekeux
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe J. Desmet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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166
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Ege MJ, Mayer M, Schwaiger K, Mattes J, Pershagen G, van Hage M, Scheynius A, Bauer J, von Mutius E. Environmental bacteria and childhood asthma. Allergy 2012; 67:1565-71. [PMID: 22994424 DOI: 10.1111/all.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously found an inverse association of bacterial diversity with childhood asthma. It remains unclear whether certain bacteria account for the protective effect. METHODS The high variability of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene allows assessing diversity and specificity of bacterial communities by single-strand configuration polymorphism (SSCP). DNA was extracted from mattress dust samples of 489 school-age children from rural and suburban regions in Germany. A fragment of the bacteria-specific 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR, digested to single-strand DNA, and subjected to electrophoresis. The resulting band patterns reflect the underlying DNA sequences. The individual bands were tested for associations with asthma, hay fever, and atopy in quantitative and qualitative multivariable analyses. Significantly associated bands were isolated and sequenced. The sequences were compared to a database, and distinct bacteria were identified. RESULTS Seven of 76 independent bands were found to be inversely associated with asthma, atopic sensitization, and hay fever with odds ratios ranging from 0.17 to 0.73. The bands contained the sequences of Acinetobacter sp., Lactobacillus spp., Neisseria spp., Staphylococcus sciuri, Jeotgalicoccus sp., Corynebacterium spp., and others. CONCLUSIONS In a diverse microbial environment, certain bacteria may account for the protective effect on the development of asthma and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Ege
- University Children's Hospital Munich; Munich; Germany
| | - M. Mayer
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Animal Hygiene; Freising; Germany
| | - K. Schwaiger
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Animal Hygiene; Freising; Germany
| | - J. Mattes
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Animal Hygiene; Freising; Germany
| | - G. Pershagen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm County Council; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - M. van Hage
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit; Karolinska Institutet; University Hospital; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - A. Scheynius
- Translational Immunology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; University Hospital; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - J. Bauer
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Animal Hygiene; Freising; Germany
| | - E. von Mutius
- University Children's Hospital Munich; Munich; Germany
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167
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Lung dendritic cell developmental programming, environmental stimuli, and asthma in early periods of life. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:176468. [PMID: 23209481 PMCID: PMC3503332 DOI: 10.1155/2012/176468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important cells of our innate immune system. Their role is critical in inducing adaptive immunity, tolerance, or allergic response in peripheral organs—lung and skin. The lung DCs are not developed prenatally before birth. The DCs develop after birth presumably during the first year of life; exposures to any foreign antigen or infectious organisms during this period can significantly affect DC developmental programming and generation of distinct DC phenotypes and functions. These changes can have both short-term and long-term health effects which may be very relevant in childhood asthma and predisposition for a persistent response in adulthood. An understanding of DC development at molecular and cellular levels can help in protecting neonates and infants against problematic environmental exposures and developmental immunotoxicity. This knowledge can eventually help in designing novel pharmacological modulators to skew the DC characteristics and immune responses to benefit the host across a lifetime.
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168
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Matsui H, Tomizawa H, Eiho K, Kashiwazaki Y, Edwards S, Biffen M, Bell JP, Bahl A, Leishman AJ, Murray CM, Takaku H, Ueda Y. Mechanism of action of inhibition of allergic immune responses by a novel antedrug TLR7 agonist. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5194-205. [PMID: 23125414 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Triggering innate immune responses through TLRs is expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases. TLR agonists are able to modulate Th2 immune responses through undefined mechanisms. We investigated the mechanism of action of the suppression of Th2 immune responses with a novel antedrug TLR7 agonist. The antedrug is rapidly metabolized by plasma esterases to an acid with reduced activity to limit systemic responses. Topical administration of this compound inhibited features of the allergic airway inflammatory response in rat and murine allergic airways model. Type I IFN played a role in the suppression of Th2 cytokines produced from murine splenocytes. Inhibition of Th2 immune responses with the antedrug TLR7 agonist was shown to be via a type I IFN-dependent mechanism following short-term exposure to the compound, although there might be type I IFN-independent mechanisms following long-term exposure. We have demonstrated that local type I IFN signaling and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but not Th1 immune responses, are required for in vivo efficacy against murine airway Th2-driven eosinophilia. Furthermore, migration of dendritic cell subsets into the lung was related to efficacy and is dependent on type I IFN signaling. Thus, the mechanism of action at the cytokine and cellular level involved in the suppression of Th2 allergic responses has been characterized, providing a potential new approach to the treatment of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsui
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0045, Japan.
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169
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Ma LL, O'Byrne PM. The pharmacological modulation of allergen-induced asthma. Inflammopharmacology 2012; 21:113-24. [PMID: 23096484 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aeroallergens are the most common triggers for the development of asthma. Recent birth cohort studies have identified viral infections occurring against a background of aeroallergen sensitization as a potent risk factor for initiation of asthma. Viral infection enhances immunopathogenic potential of pre-existing inhalant allergy via modulating airway mucosal dendritic cells. By using an allergen inhalation challenge clinical model, studies have shown that the late asthma response (LAR) is associated with more pronounced allergen-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The degree of airway eosinophilia, regulated by bone marrow progenitor cells and interleukin-5 level, correlates with the magnitude of the LAR and the increase in hyperresponsiveness. Both myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell subsets have been involved in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced LAR. Myeloid dendritic cells are responsible for the allergen presentation and induction of inflammation and plasmacytoid dendritic cells play a role in the resolution of allergen-induced inflammation. A variety of potential new classes of asthma medication has also been evaluated with the allergen inhalation challenge in mild asthmatic subjects. Examples are TPI ASM8, an inhaled anti-sense oligonucleotide drug product, which attenuated both early and LARs via inhibition of the target gene mRNA of chemokine receptor 3, and the common β chain of interleukin-3, interleukin-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor. Anti-human antibody interleukin-13 (IM-638) significantly attenuated both early and late allergen-induced asthma response. Pitrakinra, which targets both interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, substantially diminishes allergen-induced airway responses. Allergen-induced airway responses are a valuable way to evaluate the activity of possible new therapies in asthmatic airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Ma
- Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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170
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Brand JD, Ballinger CA, Tuggle KL, Fanucchi MV, Schwiebert LM, Postlethwait EM. Site-specific dynamics of CD11b+ and CD103+ dendritic cell accumulations following ozone exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L1079-86. [PMID: 23087018 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00185.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first responders to inhaled environmental stimuli such as ozone (O(3)), which has been shown to activate these cells. O(3) reacts with epithelial lining fluid (ELF) components in an anatomically site-specific manner dictated by O(3) concentration, airway flow patterns, and ELF substrate concentration. Accordingly, the anatomical distribution of ELF reaction products and airway injury are hypothesized to produce selective DC maturation differentially within the airways. To investigate how O(3) affects regional airway DC populations, we utilized a model of O(3)-induced pulmonary inflammation, wherein C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0.8 ppm O(3) 8 h/day for 1, 3, and 5 days. This model induced mild inflammation and no remarkable epithelial injury. Tracheal, but not more distant airway sites, and mediastinal lymph node (MLN) DC numbers were increased significantly after the third exposure day. The largest increase in each tissue was of the CD103(+) DC phenotype. After 3 days of exposure, fewer DCs expressed CD80, CD40, and CCR7, and, at this same time point, total MLN T cell numbers increased. Together, these data demonstrate that O(3) exposure induced site-specific and phenotype changes in the pulmonary and regional lymph node DC populations. Possibly contributing to ozone-mediated asthma perturbation, the phenotypic changes to DCs within pulmonary regions may alter responses to antigenic stimuli. Decreased costimulatory molecule expression within the MLN suggests induction of tolerance mechanisms; increased tracheal DC number may raise the potential for allergic sensitization and asthmatic exacerbation, thus overcoming O(3)-induced decrements in costimulatory molecule expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Brand
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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171
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Kunda NK, Somavarapu S, Gordon SB, Hutcheon GA, Saleem IY. Nanocarriers targeting dendritic cells for pulmonary vaccine delivery. Pharm Res 2012; 30:325-41. [PMID: 23054093 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary vaccine delivery has gained significant attention as an alternate route for vaccination without the use of needles. Immunization through the pulmonary route induces both mucosal and systemic immunity, and the delivery of antigens in a dry powder state can overcome some challenges such as cold-chain and availability of medical personnel compared to traditional liquid-based vaccines. Antigens formulated as nanoparticles (NPs) reach the respiratory airways of the lungs providing greater chance of uptake by relevant immune cells. In addition, effective targeting of antigens to the most 'professional' antigen presenting cells (APCs), the dendritic cells (DCs) yields an enhanced immune response and the use of an adjuvant further augments the generated immune response thus requiring less antigen/dosage to achieve vaccination. This review discusses the pulmonary delivery of vaccines, methods of preparing NPs for antigen delivery and targeting, the importance of targeting DCs and different techniques involved in formulating dry powders suitable for inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh K Kunda
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Research School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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172
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Dombu CY, Betbeder D. Airway delivery of peptides and proteins using nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2012; 34:516-25. [PMID: 23046753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of peptides and proteins via the airways is one of the most exciting potential applications of nanomedicine. These macromolecules could be used for many therapeutic applications, however due to their poor stability in physiological medium and difficulties in delivering them across biological barriers, they are very difficult to use in therapy. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have emerged as one of the most promising technologies to overcome these limitations, owing mainly to their proven capacity to cross biological barriers and to enter cells in high yields, thus improving delivery of macromolecules. In this review, we summarize the current advances in nanoparticle designed for transmucosal delivery of peptides and proteins. Challenges that must be overcome in order to derive clinical benefits are also discussed.
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173
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The role of dendritic cells in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:889-901. [PMID: 22464668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to play a central role in sensing the presence of foreign antigens and infectious agents and in initiating appropriate immune responses. More recently, an additional role has been discovered for DCs in determining whether the response to potential environmental allergens will be one of tolerance or whether a vigorous response along allergic pathways will be initiated. This review discusses ways in which DCs participate specifically in initiating allergic responses, particularly those associated with allergic asthma, and how interventions focused on DCs might lead to new therapeutic approaches to asthma.
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174
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Klein Wolterink RGJ, Kleinjan A, van Nimwegen M, Bergen I, de Bruijn M, Levani Y, Hendriks RW. Pulmonary innate lymphoid cells are major producers of IL-5 and IL-13 in murine models of allergic asthma. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1106-16. [PMID: 22539286 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity and is thought to be mediated by an adaptive T helper-2 (Th2) cell-type immune response. Here, we demonstrate that type 2 pulmonary innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) significantly contribute to production of the key cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in experimental asthma. In naive mice, lineage-marker negative ILC2s expressing IL-7Rα, CD25, Sca-1, and T1/ST2(IL-33R) were present in lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes (MedLNs), but not in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Upon intranasal administration of IL-25 or IL-33, an asthma phenotype was induced, whereby ILC2s accumulated in lungs, MedLNs, and BAL fluid. After IL-25 and IL-33 administration, ILC2s constituted ∼50 and ∼80% of IL-5(+) /IL-13(+) cells in lung and BAL, respectively. Also in house dust mite-induced or ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma, the ILC2 population in lung and BAL fluid increased significantly in size and ILC2s were a major source of IL-5 or IL-13. Particularly in OVA-induced asthma, the contribution of ILC2s to the total population of intracellular IL-5(+) and IL-13(+) cells in the lung was in the same range as found for Th2 cells. We conclude that both ILC2s and Th2 cells produce large amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 that contribute to allergic airway inflammation.
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175
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Fiole D, Touvrey C, Quesnel-Hellmann A, Douady J, Tournier JN. Shape-based tracking allows functional discrimination of two immune cell subsets expressing the same fluorescent tag in mouse lung explant. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39831. [PMID: 22745831 PMCID: PMC3382161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic Cells (DC) represent a key lung immune cell population, which play a critical role in the antigen presenting process and initiation of the adaptive immune response. The study of DCs has largely benefited from the joint development of fluorescence microscopy and knock-in technology, leading to several mouse strains with constitutively labeled DC subsets. However, in the lung most transgenic mice do express fluorescent protein not only in DCs, but also in closely related cell lineages such as monocytes and macrophages. As an example, in the lungs of CX3CR1+/gfp mice the green fluorescent protein is expressed mostly by both CD11b conventional DCs and resident monocytes. Despite this non-specific staining, we show that a shape criterion can discriminate these two particular subsets. Implemented in a cell tracking code, this quantified criterion allows us to analyze the specific behavior of DCs under inflammatory conditions mediated by lipopolysaccharide on lung explants. Compared to monocytes, we show that DCs move slower and are more confined, while both populations do not have any chemotactism-associated movement. We could generalize from these results that DCs can be automatically discriminated from other round-shaped cells expressing the same fluorescent protein in various lung inflammation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fiole
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Département de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, La Tronche, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique UMR 5588, Univ. Grenoble 1/CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric Touvrey
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Département de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, La Tronche, France
| | - Anne Quesnel-Hellmann
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Département de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, La Tronche, France
| | - Julien Douady
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique UMR 5588, Univ. Grenoble 1/CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Département de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, La Tronche, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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176
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Ivanov S, Fontaine J, Paget C, Macho Fernandez E, Van Maele L, Renneson J, Maillet I, Wolf NM, Rial A, Léger H, Ryffel B, Frisch B, Chabalgoity JA, Sirard JC, Benecke A, Faveeuw C, Trottein F. Key role for respiratory CD103(+) dendritic cells, IFN-γ, and IL-17 in protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in response to α-galactosylceramide. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:723-34. [PMID: 22723642 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenous activation of pulmonary invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a population of lipid-reactive αβ T lymphocytes, with use of mucosal α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) administration, is a promising approach to control respiratory bacterial infections. We undertook the present study to characterize mechanisms leading to α-GalCer-mediated protection against lethal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1, a major respiratory pathogen in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS α-GalCer was administered by the intranasal route before infection with S. pneumoniae. We showed that respiratory dendritic cells (DCs), most likely the CD103(+) subset, play a major role in the activation (IFN-γ and IL-17 release) of pulmonary iNKT cells, whereas alveolar and interstitial macrophages are minor players. After challenge, S. pneumoniae was rapidly (4 hours) eliminated in the alveolar spaces, a phenomenon that depended on respiratory DCs and neutrophils, but not macrophages, and on the early production of both IFN-γ and IL-17. Protection was also associated with the synthesis of various interferon-dependent and IL-17-associated genes as revealed by transcriptomic analysis. CONCLUSIONS These data imply a new function for pulmonary CD103(+) DCs in mucosal activation of iNKT cells and establish a critical role for both IFN-γ and IL-17 signalling pathways in mediating the innate immune response to S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Ivanov
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, France
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177
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Suzuki Y, Suda T, Furuhashi K, Shibata K, Hashimoto D, Enomto N, Fujisawa T, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Nakamura H, Chida K. Mouse CD11bhighLung Dendritic Cells Have More Potent Capability to Induce IgA than CD103+Lung Dendritic CellsIn Vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:773-80. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0329oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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178
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Fredriksson K, Fielhaber JA, Lam JK, Yao X, Meyer KS, Keeran KJ, Zywicke GJ, Qu X, Yu ZX, Moss J, Kristof AS, Levine SJ. Paradoxical effects of rapamycin on experimental house dust mite-induced asthma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33984. [PMID: 22685525 PMCID: PMC3368343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) modulates immune responses and cellular proliferation. The objective of this study was to assess whether inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin modifies disease severity in two experimental murine models of house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. In an induction model, rapamycin was administered to BALB/c mice coincident with nasal HDM challenges for 3 weeks. In a treatment model, nasal HDM challenges were performed for 6 weeks and rapamycin treatment was administered during weeks 4 through 6. In the induction model, rapamycin significantly attenuated airway inflammation, airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and goblet cell hyperplasia. In contrast, treatment of established HDM-induced asthma with rapamycin exacerbated AHR and airway inflammation, whereas goblet cell hyperplasia was not modified. Phosphorylation of the S6 ribosomal protein, which is downstream of mTORC1, was increased after 3 weeks, but not 6 weeks of HDM-challenge. Rapamycin reduced S6 phosphorylation in HDM-challenged mice in both the induction and treatment models. Thus, the paradoxical effects of rapamycin on asthma severity paralleled the activation of mTOR signaling. Lastly, mediastinal lymph node re-stimulation experiments showed that treatment of rapamycin-naive T cells with ex vivo rapamycin decreased antigen-specific Th2 cytokine production, whereas prior exposure to in vivo rapamycin rendered T cells refractory to the suppressive effects of ex vivo rapamycin. We conclude that rapamycin had paradoxical effects on the pathogenesis of experimental HDM-induced asthma. Thus, consistent with the context-dependent effects of rapamycin on inflammation, the timing of mTOR inhibition may be an important determinant of efficacy and toxicity in HDM-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fredriksson
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Fielhaber
- Critical Care and Respiratory Divisions and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan K. Lam
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xianglan Yao
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katharine S. Meyer
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen J. Keeran
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine and Surgery, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gayle J. Zywicke
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine and Surgery, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xuan Qu
- Pathology Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Arnold S. Kristof
- Critical Care and Respiratory Divisions and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stewart J. Levine
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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179
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Thornton EE, Looney MR, Bose O, Sen D, Sheppard D, Locksley R, Huang X, Krummel MF. Spatiotemporally separated antigen uptake by alveolar dendritic cells and airway presentation to T cells in the lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:1183-99. [PMID: 22585735 PMCID: PMC3371730 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the mouse lung, dendritic cells in the alveolar region but not the airway extend dendrites and take up antigen; antigen-loaded alveolar DCs then move to and accumulate in the airway where they encounter T cells. Asthma pathogenesis is focused around conducting airways. The reasons for this focus have been unclear because it has not been possible to track the sites and timing of antigen uptake or subsequent antigen presentation to effector T cells. In this study, we use two-photon microscopy of the lung parenchyma and note accumulation of CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) around the airway after allergen challenge but very limited access of these airway-adjacent DCs to the contents of the airspace. In contrast, we observed prevalent transepithelial uptake of particulate antigens by alveolar DCs. These distinct sites are temporally linked, as early antigen uptake in alveoli gives rise to DC and antigen retention in the airway-adjacent region. Antigen-specific T cells also accumulate in the airway-adjacent region after allergen challenge and are activated by the accumulated DCs. Thus, we propose that later airway hyperreactivity results from selective retention of allergen-presenting DCs and antigen-specific T cells in airway-adjacent interaction zones, not from variation in the abilities of individual DCs to survey the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Thornton
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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180
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Abstract
The recognition that asthma is primarily an inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with T helper type 2 (T(H)2) cell-dependent promotion of IgE production and recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils has provided the rationale for disease control using inhaled corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs. As more has been discovered about the cytokine, chemokine and inflammatory pathways that are associated with T(H)2-driven adaptive immunity, attempts have been made to selectively inhibit these in the hope of discovering new therapeutics as predicted from animal models of allergic inflammation. The limited success of this approach, together with the recognition that asthma is more than allergic inflammation, has drawn attention to the innate immune response in this disease. Recent advances in our understanding of the sentinel role played by innate immunity provides new targets for disease prevention and treatment. These include pathways of innate stimulation by environmental or endogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to influence the activation and trafficking of DCs, innate sources of cytokines, and the identification of new T cell subsets and lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, UK.
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181
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Abstract
Asthma is a T lymphocyte-controlled disease of the airway wall caused by inflammation, overproduction of mucus and airway wall remodeling leading to bronchial hyperreactivity and airway obstruction. The airway epithelium is considered an essential controller of inflammatory, immune and regenerative responses to allergens, viruses and environmental pollutants that contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Epithelial cells express pattern recognition receptors that detect environmental stimuli and secrete endogenous danger signals, thereby activating dendritic cells and bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Improved understanding of the epithelium's function in maintaining the integrity of the airways and its dysfunction in asthma has provided important mechanistic insight into how asthma is initiated and perpetuated and could provide a framework by which to select new therapeutic strategies that prevent exacerbations and alter the natural course of the disease.
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182
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Abstract
Allergic inflammation develops in tissues that have large epithelial surface areas that are exposed to the environment, such as the lung, skin and gut. In the steady state, antigen-experienced memory T cells patrol these peripheral tissues to facilitate swift immune responses against invading pathogens. In at least two allergy-prone organs, the skin and the gut, memory T cells are programmed during the initial antigen priming to express trafficking receptors that enable them to preferentially home to these organs. In this review we propose that tissue-specific memory and inflammation-specific T cell trafficking facilitates the development of allergic disease in these organs. We thus review recent advances in our understanding of tissue-specific T cell trafficking and how regulation of T cell trafficking by the chemokine system contributes to allergic inflammation in mouse models and in human allergic diseases of the skin, lung and gut. Inflammation- and tissue-specific T lymphocyte trafficking pathways are currently being targeted as new treatments for non-allergic inflammatory diseases and may yield effective new therapeutics for allergic diseases.
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183
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Defective aeroallergen surveillance by airway mucosal dendritic cells as a determinant of risk for persistent airways hyper-responsiveness in experimental asthma. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:332-41. [PMID: 22354321 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of atopic asthma is development of chronic airways hyper-responsiveness (AHR) that persists in the face of ongoing exposure to perennial aeroallergens. We investigated underlying mechanisms in sensitized rats focusing on a strain expressing the high-allergen-responder phenotype characteristic of human atopic asthmatics, and find that their high susceptibility to aeroallergen-induced persistent AHR is associated with deficiencies in the immunoregulatory and mucosal trafficking properties of inducible T-regulatory cells (iTregs). Counterintuitively, AHR susceptibility was inversely related to aeroallergen exposure level, high exposures conferring protection. We demonstrate that underlying this AHR-susceptible phenotype is reduced capacity of airway mucosal dendritic cells (AMDCs) for allergen sampling in vivo; this defect is microenvironmentally acquired, as allergen uptake by these cells in vitro is normal. Moreover, intranasal transfer of in vitro aeroallergen-loaded AMDC from naïve animals into AHR-susceptible animals during prolonged aerosol challenge markedly boosts subsequent accumulation of iTregs in the airway mucosa and rapidly resolves their chronic AHR, suggesting that compromised antigen surveillance by AMDC resulting in defective functional programming of iTreg may be causally related to AHR susceptibility.
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184
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Lai PS, Fresco JM, Pinilla MA, Macias AA, Brown RD, Englert JA, Hofmann O, Lederer JA, Hide W, Christiani DC, Cernadas M, Baron RM. Chronic endotoxin exposure produces airflow obstruction and lung dendritic cell expansion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:209-17. [PMID: 22517795 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0447oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms of persistent airflow obstruction that result from chronic occupational endotoxin exposure. We sought to analyze the inflammatory response underlying persistent airflow obstruction as a result of chronic occupational endotoxin exposure. We developed a murine model of daily inhaled endotoxin for periods of 5 days to 8 weeks. We analyzed physiologic lung dysfunction, lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and total lung homogenate inflammatory cell and cytokine profiles, and pulmonary gene expression profiles. We observed an increase in airway hyperresponsiveness as a result of chronic endotoxin exposure. After 8 weeks, the mice exhibited an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung neutrophils that correlated with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. Detailed analyses of inflammatory cell subsets revealed an expansion of dendritic cells (DCs), and in particular, proinflammatory DCs, with a reduced percentage of macrophages. Gene expression profiling revealed the up-regulation of a panel of genes that was consistent with DC recruitment, and lung histology revealed an accumulation of DCs in inflammatory aggregates around the airways in 8-week-exposed animals. Repeated, low-dose LPS inhalation, which mirrors occupational exposure, resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness, associated with a failure to resolve the proinflammatory response, an inverted macrophage to DC ratio, and a significant rise in the inflammatory DC population. These findings point to a novel underlying mechanism of airflow obstruction as a result of occupational LPS exposure, and suggest molecular and cellular targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy S Lai
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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185
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Wüthrich M, Ersland K, Sullivan T, Galles K, Klein BS. Fungi subvert vaccine T cell priming at the respiratory mucosa by preventing chemokine-induced influx of inflammatory monocytes. Immunity 2012; 36:680-92. [PMID: 22483803 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinologists strive to harness immunity at mucosal sites of pathogen entry. We studied respiratory delivery of an attenuated vaccine against Blastomyces dermatitidis. We created a T cell receptor transgenic mouse responsive to vaccine yeast and found that mucosal vaccination led to poor T cell activation in the draining nodes and differentiation in the lung. Mucosal vaccination subverted lung T cell priming by inducing matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), which impaired the action of the chemokine CCL7 on egress of CCR2(+) Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes from the bone marrow and their recruitment to the lung. Studies in Mmp2(-/-) mice, or treatment with MMP inhibitor or rCCL7, restored recruitment of Ly6C(hi) monocytes to the lung and CD4(+) T cell priming. Mucosal vaccination against fungi and perhaps other respiratory pathogens may require manipulation of host MMPs in order to alter chemokine signals needed to recruit Ly6C(hi) monocytes and prime T cells at the respiratory mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Wüthrich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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186
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Emerging role of innate immunity in organ transplantation part III: the quest for transplant tolerance via prevention of oxidative allograft injury and its consequences. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2012; 26:88-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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187
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Yao X, Vitek MP, Remaley AT, Levine SJ. Apolipoprotein mimetic peptides: a new approach for the treatment of asthma. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:37. [PMID: 22408624 PMCID: PMC3297834 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
New treatments are needed for severe asthmatics to improve disease control and avoid severe toxicities associated with oral corticosteroids. We have used a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma to identify steroid-unresponsive genes that might represent targets for new therapeutic approaches for severe asthma. This strategy identified apolipoprotein E as a steroid-unresponsive gene with increased mRNA expression in the lungs of HDM-challenged mice. Furthermore, apolipoprotein E functioned as an endogenous negative regulator of airway hyperreactivity and goblet cell hyperplasia in experimental HDM-induced asthma. The ability of apolipoprotein E, which is expressed by lung macrophages, to attenuate AHR, and goblet cell hyperplasia is mediated by low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors expressed by airway epithelial cells. Consistent with this, administration of an apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide, corresponding to amino acids 130–149 of the LDL receptor-binding domain of the holo-apoE protein, significantly reduced AHR and goblet cell hyperplasia in HDM-challenged apoE−/− mice. These findings identified the apolipoprotein E – LDL receptor pathway as a new druggable target for asthma that can be activated by administration of apoE-mimetic peptides. Similarly, apolipoprotein A-I may have therapeutic potential in asthma based upon its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic properties. Furthermore, administration of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides has attenuated airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and airway hyperreactivity in murine models of experimental asthma. Thus, site-directed delivery of inhaled apolipoprotein E or apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides may represent novel treatment approaches that can be developed for asthma, including severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Yao
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda, MD, USA
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188
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AIMP1 deficiency enhances airway hyperreactivity in mice via increased TH2 immune responses. Clin Immunol 2012; 143:256-65. [PMID: 22472603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multicomplex protein 1 (AIMP1) is known as a novel cytokine carrying out a variety of biological activities, including angiogenesis and wound repair. In our previous reports AIMP1 was demonstrated to induce TH1 polarization. However, the effects of AIMP1 deficiency in TH1 or TH2 immune disorders remain unclear. In this study, we characterized phenotypes of AIMP1-deficient mice and investigated the role of AIMP1 in TH2-biased airway hyperreactivity. Clinical signs of allergic airway inflammation were assessed in AIMP1-deficient mice and the effects of AIMP1 deficiency on production of TH2 cytokines were evaluated in T cells using AIMP1-specific siRNA. Additionally, the enhanced pause values and histologic analysis were assessed in mice receiving AIMP1-deficient CD4+ T cells with OVA challenge. Clinical signs of spontaneous airway inflammation were noted in AIMP1-deficienct mice. AIMP1-deficient mice showed strongly increased Penh values in response to methacholine without any allergen exposure. Adoptive transfer of AIMP1-deficient CD4+ T cells to OVA-sensitized C57BL/6 mice exacerbated OVA-induced airway inflammation and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung. Furthermore, lung DCs in AIMP1-deficient mice showed increased expression of surface molecules, and IL-12p40 level in sera significantly decreased in AIMP1-deficient mice compared to that of wild type mice. These results strongly indicate that AIMP1 plays a role in negatively regulating TH2 responses in vivo, and AIMP1 can be employed as a novel therapeutic agent against TH2-biased diseases, particularly asthma.
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189
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Wills-Karp M, Rani R, Dienger K, Lewkowich I, Fox JG, Perkins C, Lewis L, Finkelman FD, Smith DE, Bryce PJ, Kurt-Jones EA, Wang TC, Sivaprasad U, Hershey GK, Herbert DR. Trefoil factor 2 rapidly induces interleukin 33 to promote type 2 immunity during allergic asthma and hookworm infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:607-22. [PMID: 22329990 PMCID: PMC3302229 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The repair protein trefoil factor 2 promotes Th2 responses to helminth infection and allergens in part by inducing IL-33. The molecular mechanisms that drive mucosal T helper type 2 (TH2) responses against parasitic helminths and allergens remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate in mice that TFF2 (trefoil factor 2), an epithelial cell–derived repair molecule, is needed for the control of lung injury caused by the hookworm parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and for type 2 immunity after infection. TFF2 is also necessary for the rapid production of IL-33, a TH2-promoting cytokine, by lung epithelia, alveolar macrophages, and inflammatory dendritic cells in infected mice. TFF2 also increases the severity of allergic lung disease caused by house dust mite antigens or IL-13. Moreover, TFF2 messenger RNA expression is significantly increased in nasal mucosal brushings during asthma exacerbations in children. These experiments extend the biological functions of TFF2 from tissue repair to the initiation and maintenance of mucosal TH2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Wills-Karp
- Division of Immunobiology and 2 Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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190
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Murai H, Qi H, Choudhury B, Wild J, Dharajiya N, Vaidya S, Kalita A, Bacsi A, Corry D, Kurosky A, Brasier A, Boldogh I, Sur S. Alternaria-induced release of IL-18 from damaged airway epithelial cells: an NF-κB dependent mechanism of Th2 differentiation? PLoS One 2012; 7:e30280. [PMID: 22347372 PMCID: PMC3274547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A series of epidemiologic studies have identified the fungus Alternaria as a major risk factor for asthma. The airway epithelium plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. These reports suggest that activated airway epithelial cells can produce cytokines such as IL-25, TSLP and IL-33 that induce Th2 phenotype. However the epithelium-derived products that mediate the pro-asthma effects of Alternaria are not well characterized. We hypothesized that exposure of the airway epithelium to Alternaria releasing cytokines that can induce Th2 differentiation. Methodology/Principal Finding We used ELISA to measure human and mouse cytokines. Alternaria extract (ALT-E) induced rapid release of IL-18, but not IL-4, IL-9, IL-13, IL-25, IL-33, or TSLP from cultured normal human bronchial epithelial cells; and in the BAL fluids of naïve mice after challenge with ALT-E. Both microscopic and FACS indicated that this release was associated with necrosis of epithelial cells. ALT-E induced much greater IL-18 release compared to 19 major outdoor allergens. Culture of naïve CD4 cells with rmIL-18 induced Th2 differentiation in the absence of IL-4 and STAT6, and this effect was abrogated by disrupting NF- κB p50 or with a NEMO binding peptide inhibitor. Conclusion/Significance Rapid and specific release of IL-18 from Alternaria-exposed damaged airway epithelial cells can directly initiate Th2 differentiation of naïve CD4+ T-cells via a unique NF-κB dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Murai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huibin Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Barun Choudhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jim Wild
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nilesh Dharajiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Swapnil Vaidya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anjana Kalita
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Corry
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kurosky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Allan Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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191
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192
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Nakano H, Free ME, Whitehead GS, Maruoka S, Wilson RH, Nakano K, Cook DN. Pulmonary CD103(+) dendritic cells prime Th2 responses to inhaled allergens. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:53-65. [PMID: 22012243 PMCID: PMC3697034 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma stems largely from the actions of T helper 2 (Th2) cells, but the pathways that initiate Th2 responses to inhaled allergens are not fully understood. In the lung, there are two major subsets of dendritic cells (DCs), displaying CD11b or CD103. We found that after taking up inhaled ovalbumin in vivo, purified CD103(+) DCs from the lung or lung-draining lymph nodes primed Th2 differentiation ex vivo. Th2 induction by CD103(+) DCs was also seen when cockroach or house dust mite allergens were used. In contrast, CD11b(hi) DCs primed Th1 differentiation. Moreover, mice lacking CD103(+) DCs displayed diminished Th2 priming to various inhaled allergens and did not develop asthma-like responses following subsequent allergen challenge. Low-level antigen presentation by CD103(+) DCs was necessary, but not sufficient for Th2 priming. Together, these findings show that CD103(+) DCs have a significant role in priming Th2 responses to inhaled allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakano
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - ME Free
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - GS Whitehead
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - S Maruoka
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - RH Wilson
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - K Nakano
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - DN Cook
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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193
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Bartemes KR, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Kephart GM, McKenzie AN, Kita H. IL-33-responsive lineage- CD25+ CD44(hi) lymphoid cells mediate innate type 2 immunity and allergic inflammation in the lungs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:1503-13. [PMID: 22198948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity provides the first line of response to invading pathogens and a variety of environmental insults. Recent studies identified novel subsets of innate lymphoid cells that are capable of mediating immune responses in mucosal organs. In this paper, we describe a subset of lymphoid cells that is involved in innate type 2 immunity in the lungs. Airway exposure of naive BALB/c or C57BL/6J mice to IL-33 results in a rapid (<12 h) production of IL-5 and IL-13 and marked airway eosinophilia independently of adaptive immunity. In the lungs of nonsensitized naive mice, IL-33-responsive cells were identified that have a lymphoid morphology, lack lineage markers, highly express CD25, CD44, Thy1.2, ICOS, Sca-1, and IL-7Rα (i.e., Lin(-)CD25(+)CD44(hi) lymphoid cells), and require IL-7Rα for their development. Airway exposure of naive mice to a clinically relevant ubiquitous fungal allergen, Alternaria alternata, increases bronchoalveolar lavage levels of IL-33, followed by IL-5 and IL-13 production and airway eosinophilia without T or B cells. This innate type 2 response to the allergen is nearly abolished in mice deficient in IL-33R (i.e., ST2), and the Lin(-)CD25(+)CD44(hi) lymphoid cells in the lungs are required and sufficient to mediate the response. Thus, a subset of innate immune cells that responds to IL-33 and vigorously produces Th2-type cytokines is present in mouse lungs. These cells may provide a novel mechanism for type 2 immunity in the airways and induction of allergic airway diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Bartemes
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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194
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Yao X, Remaley AT, Levine SJ. New kids on the block: the emerging role of apolipoproteins in the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma. Chest 2011; 140:1048-1054. [PMID: 21972383 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatments are needed for patients with severe asthma. We hypothesized that a clinically relevant experimental model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced murine asthma could be used to discover new pathways that regulate disease severity. In HDM-challenged mice, genome-wide expression profiling of the asthmatic lung transcriptome identified apolipoprotein E (apoE) as a steroid-unresponsive gene with persistently upregulated expression despite dexamethasone treatment. ApoE and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout mice were used to demonstrate that apoE, which is produced by lung macrophages, functions in a paracrine fashion by binding to LDLRs expressed on ciliated airway epithelial cells, to negatively modulate airway hyperreactivity, mucin gene expression, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Furthermore, administration of an apoE mimetic peptide, which corresponded to the LDLR-binding domain of apoE, prevented the induction of airway inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and goblet cell hyperplasia in HDM-challenged apoE knockout mice. This suggests that therapeutic strategies that activate the apoE-LDLR pathway, such as apoE mimetic peptides, may represent a novel treatment approach for patients with asthma. Similarly, we showed that administration of a 5A apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide attenuated the induction of HDM-mediated asthma in mice. These preclinical data suggest that apoE and apoA-I mimetic peptides might be developed into alternative treatments for patients with severe asthma. Future clinical trials will be required to determine whether inhaled apolipoprotein E or apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides are effective for the treatment of severe asthma, including patients with phenotypes that lack effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Yao
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stewart J Levine
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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195
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Nguyen Hoang AT, Chen P, Juarez J, Sachamitr P, Billing B, Bosnjak L, Dahlén B, Coles M, Svensson M. Dendritic cell functional properties in a three-dimensional tissue model of human lung mucosa. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 302:L226-37. [PMID: 22101763 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00059.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In lung tissue, dendritic cells (DC) are found in close association with the epithelial cell layer, and there is evidence of DC regulation by the epithelium; that epithelial dysfunction leads to overzealous immune cell activation. However, dissecting basic mechanisms of DC interactions with epithelial cells in human tissue is difficult. Here, we describe a method to generate a three-dimensional organotypic model of the human airway mucosa in which we have implanted human DC. The model recapitulates key anatomical and functional features of lung mucosal tissue, including a stratified epithelial cell layer, deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, and the production of tight junction and adherence junction proteins. Labeling of fixed tissue model sections and imaging of live tissue models also revealed that DC distribute in close association with the epithelial layer. As functional properties of DC may be affected by the local tissue microenvironment, this system provides a tool to study human DC function associated with lung mucosal tissue. As an example, we report that the lung tissue model regulates the capacity of DC to produce the chemokines CCL17, CCL18, and CCL22, leading to enhanced CCL18 expression and reduced CCL17 and CCL22 expression. This novel tissue model thus provides a tool well suited for a wide range of studies, including those on the regulation of DC functional properties within the local tissue microenvironment during homeostasis and inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen Hoang
- Center for Infectious Medicine, F59, Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Univ. Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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196
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Respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein G interacts with DC-SIGN and L-SIGN to activate ERK1 and ERK2. J Virol 2011; 86:1339-47. [PMID: 22090124 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06096-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) interaction with epithelial and dendritic cells (DCs) is known to require divalent cations, suggesting involvement of C-type lectins. RSV infection and maturation of primary human DCs are reduced in a dose-dependent manner by EDTA. Therefore, we asked whether RSV infection involves DC-SIGN (CD209) or its isoform L-SIGN (CD299) (DC-SIGN/R). Using surface plasmon resonance analysis, we demonstrated that the attachment G glycoprotein of RSV binds both DC- and L-SIGN. However, neutralization of DC- and L-SIGN on primary human DCs did not inhibit RSV infection, demonstrating that interactions between RSV G and DC- or L-SIGN are not required for productive infection. Thus, neither DC- nor L-SIGN represents a functional receptor for RSV. However, inhibition of these interactions increased DC activation, as evidenced by significantly higher levels of alpha interferon (IFN-α), MIP-1α, and MIP-1β in plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) exposed to RSV after neutralization of DC-and L-SIGN. To understand the molecular interactions involved, intracellular signaling events triggered by purified RSV G glycoprotein were examined in DC- and L-SIGN-transfected 3T3 cells. RSV G interaction with DC- or L-SIGN was shown to stimulate ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation, with statistically significant increases relative to mock-infected cells. Neutralization of DC- and L-SIGN reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. With increased DC activation following DC- and L-SIGN neutralization and RSV exposure, these data demonstrate that the signaling events mediated by RSV G interactions with DC/L-SIGN are immunomodulatory and diminish DC activation, which may limit induction of RSV-specific immunity.
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197
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Mackenzie KJ, Anderton SM, Schwarze J. Peptide immunotherapy for childhood allergy - addressing translational challenges. Clin Transl Allergy 2011; 1:13. [PMID: 22409934 PMCID: PMC3339362 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-1-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic sensitisation usually begins early in life. The number of allergens a patient is sensitised to can increase over time and the development of additional allergic conditions is increasingly recognised. Targeting allergic disease in childhood is thus likely to be the most efficacious means of reducing the overall burden of allergic disease. Specific immunotherapy involves administering protein allergen to tolerise allergen reactive CD4+ T cells, thought key in driving allergic responses. Yet specific immunotherapy risks allergic reactions including anaphylaxis as a consequence of preformed allergen-specific IgE antibodies binding to the protein, subsequent cross-linking and mast cell degranulation. CD4+ T cells direct their responses to short "immunodominant" peptides within the allergen. Such peptides can be given therapeutically to induce T cell tolerance without facilitating IgE cross-linking. Peptide immunotherapy (PIT) offers attractive treatment potential for allergic disease. However, PIT has not yet been shown to be effective in children. This review discusses the immunological mechanisms implicated in PIT and briefly covers outcomes from adult PIT trials. This provides a context for discussion of the challenges for the application of PIT, both generally and more specifically in relation to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Mackenzie
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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198
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Jacobsen EA, Zellner KR, Colbert D, Lee NA, Lee JJ. Eosinophils regulate dendritic cells and Th2 pulmonary immune responses following allergen provocation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:6059-68. [PMID: 22048766 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reports have recently suggested that eosinophils have the potential to modulate allergen-dependent pulmonary immune responses. The studies presented expand these reports demonstrating in the mouse that eosinophils are required for the allergen-dependent Th2 pulmonary immune responses mediated by dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes. Specifically, the recruitment of peripheral eosinophils to the pulmonary lymphatic compartment(s) was required for the accumulation of myeloid DCs in draining lymph nodes and, in turn, Ag-specific T effector cell production. These effects on DCs and Ag-specific T cells did not require MHC class II expression on eosinophils, suggesting that these granulocytes have an accessory role as opposed to direct T cell stimulation. The data also showed that eosinophils uniquely suppress the DC-mediated production of Th17 and, to smaller degree, Th1 responses. The cumulative effect of these eosinophil-dependent immune mechanisms is to promote the Th2 polarization characteristic of the pulmonary microenvironment after allergen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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199
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Kumar RK, Siegle JS, Kaiko GE, Herbert C, Mattes JE, Foster PS. Responses of airway epithelium to environmental injury: role in the induction phase of childhood asthma. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2011:257017. [PMID: 22574070 PMCID: PMC3206385 DOI: 10.1155/2011/257017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic asthma in childhood remains poorly understood. Environmental factors which appear to contribute to allergic sensitisation, with development of a Th2-biased immunological response in genetically predisposed individuals, include wheezing lower respiratory viral infections in early life and exposure to airborne environmental pollutants. These may activate pattern recognition receptors and/or cause oxidant injury to airway epithelial cells (AECs). In turn, this may promote Th2 polarisation via a "final common pathway" involving interaction between AEC, dendritic cells, and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Potentially important cytokines produced by AEC include thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin-25. Their role is supported by in vitro studies using human AEC, as well as by experiments in animal models. To date, however, few investigations have employed models of the induction phase of childhood asthma. Further research may help to identify interventions that could reduce the risk of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Kumar
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medial Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica S. Siegle
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medial Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gerard E. Kaiko
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - Cristan Herbert
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medial Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joerg E. Mattes
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - Paul S. Foster
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2300, Australia
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Chen K, Xiang Y, Yao X, Liu Y, Gong W, Yoshimura T, Wang JM. The active contribution of Toll-like receptors to allergic airway inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1391-8. [PMID: 21624504 PMCID: PMC7398422 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelia lining the respiratory tract represent a major portal of entry for microorganisms and allergens and are equipped with innate and adaptive immune signaling receptors for host protection. These include Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize microbial components and evoke diverse responses in cells of the respiratory system. TLR stimulation by microorganism-derived molecules activates antigen presenting cells, control T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 immune cell differentiation, cytokine production by mast cells, and activation of eosinophils. It is clear that TLR are involved in the pathophysiology of allergic airway diseases such as asthma. Dendritic cells (DCs), a kind of antigen presenting cells, which play a key role in the induction of allergic airway inflammation, are privileged targets for pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). During the allergic responses, engagement of TLRs on DCs determines the Th2 polarization of the T cells. TLR signaling in mast cells increases the release of IL-5, and TLR activation of airway epithelial cells forces the generation of proallergic Th2 type of cytokines. Although these responses aim to protect the host, they may also result in inflammatory tissue damage in the airway. Under certain conditions, stimulation of TLRs, in particular, TLR9, may reduce Th2-dependent allergic inflammation by induction of Th1 responses. Therefore, understanding the complex regulatory roles of TLRs in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation should facilitate the development of preventive and therapeutic measures for asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chonqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Wanghua Gong
- SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
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