151
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Schofield K. The Metal Neurotoxins: An Important Role in Current Human Neural Epidemics? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1511. [PMID: 29206191 PMCID: PMC5750929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many published studies have illustrated that several of the present day neurological epidemics (autism, attention deficit disorder, Alzheimer's) cannot be correlated to any single neurotoxicant. However, the present scientific examination of the numerous global blood monitoring databases for adults that include the concentrations of the neurotoxic elements, aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) clearly indicate that, when considered in combination, for some, the human body may become easily over-burdened. This can be explained by changes in modern lifestyles. Similar data, solely for pregnant women, have been examined confirming this. All these elements are seen to be present in the human body and at not insignificant magnitudes. Currently suggested minimum risk levels (MRL) for humans are discussed and listed together with averages of the reported distributions, together with their spread and maximum values. One observation is that many distributions for pregnant women are not too dissimilar from those of general populations. Women obviously have their individual baseline of neurotoxin values before pregnancy and any efforts to modify this to any significant degree is not yet clearly apparent. For any element, distribution shapes are reasonably similar showing broad distributions with extended tails with numerous outlier values. There are a certain fraction of people that lie well above the MRL values and may be at risk, especially if genetically susceptible. Additionally, synergistic effects between neurotoxins and with other trace metals are now also being reported. It appears prudent for women of child-bearing age to establish their baseline values well before pregnancy. Those at risk then can be better identified. Adequate instrumental testing now is commercially available for this. In addition, directives are necessary for vaccination programs to use only non-neurotoxic adjuvants, especially for young children and all women of child-bearing ages. Additionally, clearer directives concerning fish consumption must now be reappraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Schofield
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA.
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152
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The Hepatoprotective Effect of Gallic Acid on Mercuric Chloride-Induced Liver Damage in Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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153
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Abstract
RATIONALE Metallic mercury poisoning through intravenous injection is rare, especially for a homicide attempt. Diagnosis and treatment of the disease are challenging. PATIENT CONCERNS A 34-year-old male presented with pyrexia, chill, fatigue, body aches, and pain of the dorsal aspect of right foot. Another case is that of a 29-year-old male who committed suicide by injecting himself metallic mercury 15 g intravenously and presented with dizzy, dyspnea, fatigue, sweatiness, and waist soreness. DIAGNOSIS The patient's condition in case 1 was deteriorated after initial treatment. Imaging studies revealed multiple high-density spots throughout the body especially in the lungs. On further questioning, the patient's girlfriend acknowledged that she injected him about 40 g mercury intravenously 11 days ago. The diagnosis was then confirmed with a urinary mercury concentration of 4828 mg/L. INTERVENTIONS Surgical excision, continuous blood purification, plasma exchange, alveolar lavage, and chelation were performed successively in case 1. Blood irrigation and chelation therapy were performed in case 2. OUTCOMES The laboratory test results and organ function of the patient in case 1 gradually returned to normal. However, in case 2, the patient's dyspnea was getting worse and he finally died due to toxic encephalopathy and respiratory failure. LESSONS Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical for intravenous mercury poisoning. It should be concerned about the combined use of chelation agents and other treatments, such as surgical excision, hemodialysis and plasma exchange in clinical settings.
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154
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Mutter J, Aaseth J. The toxicology of mercury: Current research and emerging trends. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:545-554. [PMID: 28889024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent bio-accumulative toxic metal with unique physicochemical properties of public health concern since their natural and anthropogenic diffusions still induce high risk to human and environmental health. The goal of this review was to analyze scientific literature evaluating the role of global concerns over Hg exposure due to human exposure to ingestion of contaminated seafood (methyl-Hg) as well as elemental Hg levels of dental amalgam fillings (metallic Hg), vaccines (ethyl-Hg) and contaminated water and air (Hg chloride). Mercury has been recognized as a neurotoxicant as well as immunotoxic and designated by the World Health Organization as one of the ten most dangerous chemicals to public health. It has been shown that the half-life of inorganic Hg in human brains is several years to several decades. Mercury occurs in the environment under different chemical forms as elemental Hg (metallic), inorganic and organic Hg. Despite the raising understanding of the Hg toxicokinetics, there is still fully justified to further explore the emerging theories about its bioavailability and adverse effects in humans. In this review, we describe current research and emerging trends in Hg toxicity with the purpose of providing up-to-date information for a better understanding of the kinetics of this metal, presenting comprehensive knowledge on published data analyzing its metabolism, interaction with other metals, distribution, internal doses and targets, and reservoir organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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155
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Al-Zubaidi ES, Rabee AM. The risk of occupational exposure to mercury vapor in some public dental clinics of Baghdad city, Iraq. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:397-403. [PMID: 29043874 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1369601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental workers are exposed to elevated levels of elemental mercury vapor substantially above the occupational exposure standards when placing or removing mercury/silver tooth restorations and disposing of mercury waste. This results in a significant increase in occupational exposure and risk of mercury intoxication. METHODS To evaluate the occupational exposure of dental workers to amalgam in four dental clinics in Baghdad city, the concentrations of mercury vapor were measured seasonally from February to November 2016. Samples of blood and urine were collected from 30 dental workers (exposed individuals) and five non-occupationally exposed individuals. Biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), renal enzymes (urea and creatinine), total protein and reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed. RESULTS The results indicated that mercury vapor levels varied from 84.7 ± 18.67 to 609.3 ± 238.90 µg/m3 and most concentrations were above the occupational exposure standards. The results of the biochemical parameters showed a significant increase in levels of cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and no significant increase in blood urea and creatinine in dental workers in comparison with unexposed persons (control). Although the results showed a significant reduction in the levels of glutathione and total protein, there was no significant decrease in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in exposed dental workers when compared with non-occupationally exposed individuals. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that mercury vapor concentrations in the indoor air of some dental clinics in Baghdad city are high and exceed the OSHA STEL(Occupational Safety and Health Administration Short Term Exposure Limit). The present data showed that altered biochemical parameters can be used as efficient bioindicators for mercury toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adel Mashaan Rabee
- b Department of Biology, College of Science , University of Baghdad , Baghdad , Iraq
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156
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Banerjee M, Roy G. Cleavage of Hg–C Bonds of Organomercurials Induced by ImOHSe via Two Distinct Pathways. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12739-12750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural
Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH91, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Gouriprasanna Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural
Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH91, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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157
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Ordoñez S, Flores MU, Patiño F, Reyes IA, Islas H, Reyes M, Méndez E, Palacios EG. Kinetic Analysis of the Decomposition Reaction of the Mercury Jarosite in NaOH Medium. INT J CHEM KINET 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayra Ordoñez
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; 42184 Hidalgo México
| | - Mizraim U. Flores
- Área de Electromecánica Industrial; Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo; 43642 Tulancingo Hidalgo México
| | - Francisco Patiño
- Ingeniería en Energía; Universidad Politécnica Metropolitana de Hidalgo; 43860 Tulancingo, Tolcayuca Hidalgo México
| | - Iván A. Reyes
- Catedrático CONACYT-Instituto de Metalurgia; Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; 78210 San Luis Potosí S.L.P. México
| | - Hernán Islas
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; 42184 Hidalgo México
| | - Martín Reyes
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; 42184 Hidalgo México
| | - Eliecer Méndez
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; 42184 Hidalgo México
| | - Elia G. Palacios
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales; ESIQIE-IPN, UPALM; 07738 México, D.F. México
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158
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Li Y, Zhao J, Guo J, Liu M, Xu Q, Li H, Li YF, Zheng L, Zhang Z, Gao Y. Influence of sulfur on the accumulation of mercury in rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) growing in mercury contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:293-300. [PMID: 28501569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential element for plant growth and its biogeochemical cycling is strongly linked to the species of heavy metals in soil. In this work, the effects of S (sulfate and elemental sulfur) treatment on the accumulation, distribution and chemical forms of Hg in rice growing in Hg contaminated soil were investigated. It was found that S could promote the formation of iron plaque on the root surface and decrease total mercury (T-Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in rice grains, straw, and roots. Hg in the root was dominated in the form of RS-Hg-SR. Sulfate treatment increased the percentage of RS-Hg-SR to T-Hg in the rice root and changed the Hg species in soil. The dominant Hg species (70%) in soil was organic substance bound fractions. Sulfur treatment decreased Hg motility in the rhizosphere soils by promoting the conversion of RS-Hg-SR to HgS. This study is significant since it suggests that low dose sulfur treatment in Hg-containing water irrigated soil can decrease both T-Hg and MeHg accumulation in rice via inactivating Hg in the soil and promoting the formation of iron plaque in rice root, which may reduce health risk for people consuming those crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingxia Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qinlei Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxi Gao
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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159
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Moniruzzaman M, Lee JH, Lee JH, Won S, Damusaru JH, Bai SC. Interactive effect of dietary vitamin E and inorganic mercury on growth performance and bioaccumulation of mercury in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus treated with mercuric chloride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:276-283. [PMID: 29767088 PMCID: PMC5941236 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A 6-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate, TA) on growth and mercury (Hg) accumulation in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) treated with mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Vitamin E and HgCl2 were added to the semi-purified basal diet. Six semi-purified diets in a 2 × 3 factorial design were formulated to contain 2 levels of Hg (0 or 20 mg HgCl2/kg diet) and 3 levels of vitamin E (0, 100, or 200 mg TA/kg diet). Experimental fish (n = 360, 9.99 ± 0.15 g) were randomly allocated into 30-L tanks at a density of 20 fish per tank with 3 replicates in each treatment and were fed twice a day. At the end of the feeding trial, dietary Hg depressed the growth performances in terms of weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish, while fish fed the diets supplemented with vitamin E showed significant growth improvement in both presence and absence of HgCl2 in the diets (P < 0.05). Survival rate was not affected in fish fed the experimental diets. Whole body compositions of fish such as lipid and moisture contents were influenced by dietary vitamin E supplementation. Total Hg contents of muscle, liver and kidney tissues were significantly reduced in fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin E (P < 0.05), while the two-way ANOVA showed that increasing Hg concentration has resulted in a reduction in vitamin E. Whole body fatty acids of fish like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents were decreased by dietary Hg. However, supplementation of dietary vitamin E improved the α-linolenic acid (ALA) and EPA contents in fish. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation of vitamin E has potential effects on growth improvement and ameliorating inorganic Hg bioaccumulation in juvenile olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghun Won
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jim H Damusaru
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul C Bai
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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160
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Jadán-Piedra C, Chiocchetti GM, Clemente MJ, Vélez D, Devesa V. Dietary compounds as modulators of metals and metalloids toxicity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2055-2067. [PMID: 28686469 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1302407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A large part of the population is exposed to metals and metalloids through the diet. Most of the in vivo studies on its toxicokinetics and toxicity are conducted by means of exposure through drinking water or by intragastric or intraperitoneal administration of aqueous standards, and therefore they do not consider the effect of the food matrix on the exposure. Numerous studies show that some components of the diet can modulate the toxicity of these food contaminants, reducing their effect on a systemic level. Part of this protective role may be due to a reduction of intestinal absorption and subsequent tissue accumulation of the toxic element, although it may also be a consequence of their ability to counteract the toxicity directly by their antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activity, among other factors. The present review provides a compilation of existing information about the effect that certain components of the diet have on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of the metals and metalloids of greatest toxicological importance that are present in food (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury), and of their most toxic chemical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jadán-Piedra
- a Departamento de Conservaciòn y Calidad de los Alimentos , Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Gabriela Matuoka Chiocchetti
- a Departamento de Conservaciòn y Calidad de los Alimentos , Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - María Jesús Clemente
- a Departamento de Conservaciòn y Calidad de los Alimentos , Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- a Departamento de Conservaciòn y Calidad de los Alimentos , Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- a Departamento de Conservaciòn y Calidad de los Alimentos , Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Paterna , Valencia , Spain
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161
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Janowska B, Szymański K, Sidełko R, Siebielska I, Walendzik B. Assessment of mobility and bioavailability of mercury compounds in sewage sludge and composts. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:394-403. [PMID: 28407573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Content of heavy metals, including mercury, determines the method of management and disposal of sewage sludge. Excessive concentration of mercury in composts used as organic fertilizer may lead to accumulation of this element in soil and plant material. Fractionation of mercury in sewage sludge and composts provides a better understanding of the extent of mobility and bioavailability of the different mercury species and helps in more informed decision making on the application of sludge for agricultural purposes. The experimental setup comprises the composing process of the sewage sludge containing 13.1mgkg-1 of the total mercury, performed in static reactors with forced aeration. In order to evaluate the bioavailability of mercury, its fractionation was performed in sewage sludge and composts during the process. An analytical procedure based on four-stage sequential extraction was applied to determine the mercury content in the ion exchange (water soluble and exchangeable Hg), base soluble (Hg bound to humic and fulvic acid), acid soluble (Hg bound to Fe/Mn oxides and carbonates) and oxidizable (Hg bound to organic matter and sulphide) fractions. The results showed that from 50.09% to 64.55% of the total mercury was strongly bound to organo-sulphur and inorganic sulphide; that during composting, increase of concentrations of mercury compounds strongly bound with organic matter and sulphides; and that mercury content in the base soluble and oxidizable fractions was strongly correlated with concentration of dissolved organic carbon in those fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Janowska
- Koszalin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Department of Waste Management, ul. Śniadeckich, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Szymański
- Koszalin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Department of Waste Management, ul. Śniadeckich, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland.
| | - Robert Sidełko
- Koszalin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Department of Waste Management, ul. Śniadeckich, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Siebielska
- Koszalin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Department of Waste Management, ul. Śniadeckich, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Walendzik
- Koszalin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Department of Waste Management, ul. Śniadeckich, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland.
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162
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Watanabe T, Hayashi T, Matsuda R, Akiyama H, Teshima R. Surveillance of Total Mercury and Methylmercury Concentrations in Retail Fish. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2017; 58:80-85. [PMID: 28484136 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.58.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most fish samples contain methylmercury, that the concentrations very greatly according to the fish species. To avoid the adverse health effects of methylmercury while retaining the benefits provided by fish consumption, it is important to select suitable fish species and to control the amount of the fish intake. We surveyed the concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury in 210 retail fish samples classified into 19 fish species by using validated analytical methods. The results of this survey were as follows. The total mercury and methylmercury concentrations were higher than 1 mg/kg in some samples of swordfish and bluefin tuna, which are large predatory fish species. In bluefin tuna and yellowtail, total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in farm-raised fish were lower than those in natural fish. There was a positive correlation between total mercury concentration and methylmercury concentration. Our results indicate that a cut-off value of 0.3 mg/kg total mercury in the screening of fish samples would increase the effectiveness of inspection.
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163
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Malek A, Aouad K, El Khoury R, Halabi-Tawil M, Choucair J. Chronic Mercury Intoxication Masquerading as Systemic Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2017; 4:000632. [PMID: 30755953 PMCID: PMC6346794 DOI: 10.12890/2017_000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mercury is a highly toxic environmental metal that exists in three different forms: elemental, inorganic and organic. Intoxication occurs in either occupational or non-occupational settings, mainly after the inhalation of vapour and fumes in work places, laboratories or homes. Chronic mercury toxicity ranges from mild and insignificant to severe and life-threatening. We describe the case of a young male patient who presented with multiple organ dysfunction after chronic mercury exposure. Case presentation We report the case of 28-year-old male artisanal gold miner who was admitted to hospital for severe neurological impairment associated with inflammatory bowel disease-like symptoms and a skin rash after mercury exposure. Symptomatic treatment and corticosteroid administration assured rapid clinical improvement. Chronic mercury poisoning can masquerade as an autoimmune or systemic inflammatory disease. Conclusion Physicians should be aware that low exposure to mercury, even from artisanal gold mining, may be harmful to health. Management can be simple without the need for aggressive or invasive therapeutic measures. Larger case series are required in order to establish a clear management plan. LEARNING POINTS Mercury intoxication has a wide the variety of clinical manifestations that may involve the neurological, gastrointestinal and dermatological systems.Therefore, it can mimic degenerative neurological conditions, autoimmune diseases, as well as metabolic and mitochondrial disorders.Once diagnosed, mercury intoxication is easily treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Malek
- Infectious Diseases Department, Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine/Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Beyrouth, Lebanon.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Krystel Aouad
- Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine/Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Rana El Khoury
- Dermatology Department, Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine/Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Maya Halabi-Tawil
- Dermatology Department, Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine/Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Jacques Choucair
- Infectious Diseases Department, Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine/Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Beyrouth, Lebanon
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164
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Lovato FL, Teixeira da Rocha JB, Dalla Corte CL. Diphenyl Diselenide Protects against Methylmercury-Induced Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the Yap1 Transcription Factor. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1134-1144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Luís Lovato
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação
em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica,
Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Cep 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação
em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica,
Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Cep 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Lenz Dalla Corte
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação
em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica,
Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Cep 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus
Caçapava do Sul, Av. Pedro Anunciação, 111, Vila
Batista, 96570-000 Caçapava do Sul, RS, Brazil
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165
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Ion-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for specific separation and concentration of ultra-trace methyl mercury from aqueous sample. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1496:167-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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166
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Guang S, Tian J, Wei G, Yan Z, Pan H, Feng J, Xu H. A modified fluorescein derivative with improved water-solubility for turn-on fluorescent determination of Hg 2+ in aqueous and living cells. Talanta 2017; 170:89-96. [PMID: 28501218 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To improve the water-solubility of heavy-metal sensing materials, a modified fluorescein-based derivative, acryloyl fluorescein hydrazine (ACFH), was designed and developed by incorporating a non-hydrogen-bonding group into the conjugated molecule for weakening intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. In neutral water environments, ACFH presented a fluorescence-enhancement performance at λmax=512nm in the presence of Hg2+, which could be visualized by naked-eyes. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of Hg2+ detection was 1.0-100×10-9molL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992 and a detection limit of 0.86×10-9molL-1. The recognition mechanism was confirmed to be a stable and irreversible 1:1 five-member ring complex between ACFH and Hg2+ with a coordination constant of 3.36×109. ACFH would possess a potential application in detecting Hg2+ for biological assay with low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyi Guang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymers Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jiachan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymers Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymers Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; College of Materials Science and Technology & Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhengquan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Hongfei Pan
- Department of Immunology & Oncology department, Immunology Innovation Base of Education of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College & The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
| | - Jihong Feng
- Department of Immunology & Oncology department, Immunology Innovation Base of Education of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College & The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
| | - Hongyao Xu
- College of Materials Science and Technology & Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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167
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Miranda RR, Bezerra Jr AG, Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Randi MAF, Voigt CL, Skytte L, Rasmussen KL, Kjeldsen F, Filipak Neto F. Toxicological interactions of silver nanoparticles and non-essential metals in human hepatocarcinoma cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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168
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169
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Silva T, Conte C, Santos J, Simas E, Freitas S, Raices R, Quitério S. Spectrometric method for determination of inorganic contaminants (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) in Smooth weakfish fish. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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170
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Kabir KM, Ippolito SJ, Kandjani AE, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Nano-engineered surfaces for mercury vapor sensing: Current state and future possibilities. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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171
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Das S, Paul A, Mumbrekar KD, Rao SBS. Harmonization of Mangiferin on methylmercury engendered mitochondrial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:630-644. [PMID: 28071871 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGN), a C-glucosylxanthone abundantly found in mango plants, was studied for its potential to ameliorate methylmercury (MeHg) induced mitochondrial damage in HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma) cell line. Cell viability experiments performed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) showed protective property of MGN in annulling MeHg-induced cytotoxicity. Conditioning the cells with optimal dose of MGN (50 µM) lowered MeHg-induced oxidative stress, calcium influx/efflux, depletion of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and prevented mitochondrial fission as observed by decrease in Mitotracker red fluorescence, expression of pDRP1 (serine 616), and DRP1 levels. MGN pre-treated cells demonstrated elevation in the activities of glutathione (GSH), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione reductase (GR), reduced levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme complexes. In addition, the anti-apoptotic effect of MGN was clearly indicated by the reduction in MeHg-induced apoptotic cells analyzed by flowcytometric analysis after Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates the ability of a dietary polyphenol, MGN to ameliorate MeHg-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in human hepatic cells in vitro. This hepatoprotective potential may be attributed predominantly to the free radical scavenging/antioxidant property of MGN, by facilitating the balancing of cellular Ca2+ ions, maintenance of redox homeostasis and intracellular antioxidant activities, ultimately preserving the mitochondrial function and cell viability after MeHg intoxication. As MeHg intoxication occurs over a period of time, continuous consumption of such dietary compounds may prove to be very useful in promoting human health. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 630-644, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Ajanta Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Satish B S Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
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172
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Bjørklund G, Aaseth J, Ajsuvakova OP, Nikonorov AA, Skalny AV, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA. Molecular interaction between mercury and selenium in neurotoxicity. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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173
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Genetic Aspects of Susceptibility to Mercury Toxicity: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010093. [PMID: 28106810 PMCID: PMC5295343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to mercury is still a major public health concern. In this context, children have a higher susceptibility to adverse neurological mercury effects, compared to adults with similar exposures. Moreover, there exists a marked variability of personal response to detrimental mercury action, in particular among population groups with significant mercury exposure. New scientific evidence on genetic backgrounds has raised the issue of whether candidate susceptibility genes can make certain individuals more or less vulnerable to mercury toxicity. In this review, the aim is to evaluate a new genetic dimension and its involvement in mercury risk assessment, focusing on the important role played by relevant polymorphisms, located in attractive gene targets for mercury toxicity. Existing original articles on epidemiologic research which report a direct link between the genetic basis of personal vulnerability and different mercury repercussions on human health will be reviewed. Based on this evidence, a careful evaluation of the significant markers of susceptibility will be suggested, in order to obtain a powerful positive “feedback” to improve the quality of life. Large consortia of studies with clear phenotypic assessments will help clarify the “window of susceptibility” in the human health risks due to mercury exposure.
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174
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Zioła-Frankowska A, Dąbrowski M, Kubaszewski Ł, Rogala P, Kowalski A, Frankowski M. An analysis of factors affecting the mercury content in the human femoral bone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:547-557. [PMID: 27734315 PMCID: PMC5219028 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the content of mercury in bone tissue of the proximal femur (head and neck bone) of 95 patients undergoing total hip replacement due to osteoarthritis, using CF-AFS analytical technique. Furthermore, the investigations were aimed at assessing the impact of selected factors, such as age, gender, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure to chemical substance at work, type of degenerative changes, clinical evaluation and radiological parameters, type of medications, on the concentration of mercury in the head and neck of the femur, resected in situ. Mercury was obtained in all samples of the head and neck of the femur (n = 190) in patients aged 25-91 years. The mean content of mercury for the whole group of patients was as follows: 37.1 ± 35.0 ng/g for the femoral neck and 24.2 ± 19.5 ng/g for the femoral head. The highest Hg contents were found in femoral neck samples, both in women and men, and they amounted to 169.6 and 176.5 ng/g, respectively. The research showed that the mercury content of bones can be associated with body mass index, differences in body anatomy, and gender. The uses of statistical analysis gave the possibility to define the influence of factors on mercury content in human femoral bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zioła-Frankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - M Dąbrowski
- Department of Spondyloorthopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ł Kubaszewski
- Department of Spondyloorthopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Rogala
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Kowalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Frankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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175
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Ha E, Basu N, Bose-O'Reilly S, Dórea JG, McSorley E, Sakamoto M, Chan HM. Current progress on understanding the impact of mercury on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:419-433. [PMID: 27444821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mercury pollution and its impacts on human health is of global concern. The authors of this paper were members of the Plenary Panel on Human Health in the 12th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant held in Korea in June 2015. The Panel was asked by the conference organizers to address two questions: what is the current understanding of the impacts of mercury exposure on human health and what information is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention in lowering exposure and preventing adverse effects. The authors conducted a critical review of the literature published since January 2012 and discussed the current state-of-knowledge in the following areas: environmental exposure and/or risk assessment; kinetics and biomonitoring; effects on children development; effects on adult general populations; effects on artisanal and small-scale gold miners (ASGM); effects on dental workers; risk of ethylmercury in thimerosal-containing vaccines; interactions with nutrients; genetic determinants and; risk communication and management. Knowledge gaps in each area were identified and recommendations for future research were made. The Panel concluded that more knowledge synthesis efforts are needed to translate the research results into management tools for health professionals and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Ha
- Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, South Korea
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Stephan Bose-O'Reilly
- University Hospital Munich, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, Germany; University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Austria
| | - José G Dórea
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Emeir McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Mineshi Sakamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Japan
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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176
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Lohren H, Bornhorst J, Fitkau R, Pohl G, Galla HJ, Schwerdtle T. Effects on and transfer across the blood-brain barrier in vitro-Comparison of organic and inorganic mercury species. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:63. [PMID: 27978854 PMCID: PMC5159962 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transport of methylmercury (MeHg) across the blood-brain barrier towards the brain side is well discussed in literature, while ethylmercury (EtHg) and inorganic mercury are not adequately characterized regarding their entry into the brain. Studies investigating a possible efflux out of the brain are not described to our knowledge. Methods This study compares, for the first time, effects of organic methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl), EtHg-containing thiomersal and inorganic Hg chloride (HgCl2) on as well as their transfer across a primary porcine in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Results With respect to the barrier integrity, the barrier model exhibited a much higher sensitivity towards HgCl2 following basolateral incubation (brain-facing side) as compared to apical application (blood-facing side). These HgCl2 induced effects on the barrier integrity after brain side incubation are comparable to that of the organic species, although MeHgCl and thiomersal exerted much higher cytotoxic effects in the barrier building cells. Hg transfer rates following exposure to organic species in both directions argue for diffusion as transfer mechanism. Inorganic Hg application surprisingly resulted in a Hg transfer out of the brain-facing compartment. Conclusions In case of MeHgCl and thiomersal incubation, mercury crossed the barrier in both directions, with a slight accumulation in the basolateral, brain-facing compartment, after simultaneous incubation in both compartments. For HgCl2, our data provide first evidence that the blood-brain barrier transfers mercury out of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lohren
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Romy Fitkau
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pohl
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, Univeristy of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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177
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Antunes Dos Santos A, Appel Hort M, Culbreth M, López-Granero C, Farina M, Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Methylmercury and brain development: A review of recent literature. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:99-107. [PMID: 26987277 PMCID: PMC5011031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent environmental pollutant, which elicits significant toxicity in humans. The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary target of toxicity, and is particularly vulnerable during development. Maternal exposure to MeHg via consumption of fish and seafood can have irreversible effects on the neurobehavioral development of children, even in the absence of symptoms in the mother. It is well documented that developmental MeHg exposure may lead to neurological alterations, including cognitive and motor dysfunction. The neurotoxic effects of MeHg on the developing brain have been extensively studied. The mechanism of toxicity, however, is not fully understood. No single process can explain the multitude of effects observed in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. This review summarizes the most current knowledge on the effects of MeHg during nervous system development considering both, in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Considerable attention was directed towards the role of glutamate and calcium dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as the effects of MeHg on cytoskeletal components/regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Appel Hort
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Megan Culbreth
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Caridad López-Granero
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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178
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Puga S, Pereira P, Pinto-Ribeiro F, O'Driscoll NJ, Mann E, Barata M, Pousão-Ferreira P, Canário J, Almeida A, Pacheco M. Unveiling the neurotoxicity of methylmercury in fish (Diplodus sargus) through a regional morphometric analysis of brain and swimming behavior assessment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:320-333. [PMID: 27780124 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to shed light on the neurotoxicity of MeHg in fish (white seabream - Diplodus sargus) by the combined assessment of: (i) MeHg toxicokinetics in the brain, (ii) brain morphometry (volume and number of neurons plus glial cells in specific brain regions) and (iii) fish swimming behavior (endpoints associated with the motor performance and the fear/anxiety-like status). Fish were surveyed for all the components after 7 (E7) and 14 (E14) days of dietary exposure to MeHg (8.7μgg-1), as well as after a post-exposure period of 28days (PE28). MeHg was accumulated in the brain of D. sargus after a short time (E7) and reached a maximum at the end of the exposure period (E14), suggesting an efficient transport of this toxicant into fish brain. Divalent inorganic Hg was also detected in fish brain along the experiment (indicating demethylation reactions), although levels were 100-200 times lower than MeHg, which pinpoints the organic counterpart as the great liable for the recorded effects. In this regard, a decreased number of cells in medial pallium and optic tectum, as well as an increased hypothalamic volume, occurred at E7. Such morphometric alterations were followed by an impairment of fish motor condition as evidenced by a decrease in the total swimming time, while the fear/anxiety-like status was not altered. Moreover, at E14 fish swam a greater distance, although no morphometric alterations were found in any of the brain areas, probably due to compensatory mechanisms. Additionally, although MeHg decreased almost two-fold in the brain during post-exposure, the levels were still high and led to a loss of cells in the optic tectum at PE28. This is an interesting result that highlights the optic tectum as particularly vulnerable to MeHg exposure in fish. Despite the morphometric alterations reported in the optic tectum at PE28, no significant changes were found in fish behavior. Globally, the effects of MeHg followed a multiphasic profile, where homeostatic mechanisms prevented circumstantially morphometric alterations in the brain and behavioral shifts. Although it has become clear the complexity of matching brain morphometric changes and behavioral shifts, motor-related alterations induced by MeHg seem to depend on a combination of disruptions in different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Puga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Center for Analytical Research on the Environment, K.C. Irving Center, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Erin Mann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Center for Analytical Research on the Environment, K.C. Irving Center, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marisa Barata
- IPMA - Aquaculture Research Station, 8700-005 Olhão, Portugal
| | | | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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179
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Mercury and protein thiols: Stimulation of mitochondrial F 1F O-ATPase and inhibition of respiration. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:42-49. [PMID: 27780711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the known widespread toxicity of mercury, its impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics is a still poorly explored topic. Even if many studies have dealt with mercury poisoning of mitochondrial respiration, as far as we are aware Hg2+ effects on individual complexes are not so clear. In the present study changes in swine heart mitochondrial respiration and F1FO-ATPase (F-ATPase) activity promoted by micromolar Hg2+ concentrations were investigated. Hg2+ was found to inhibit the respiration of NADH-energized mitochondria, whereas it was ineffective when the substrate was succinate. Interestingly, the same micromolar Hg2+ doses which inhibited the NADH-O2 activity stimulated the F-ATPase, most likely by interacting with adjacent thiol residues. Accordingly, Hg2+ dose-dependently decreased protein thiols and all the elicited effects on mitochondrial complexes were reversed by the thiol reducing agent DTE. These findings clearly indicate that Hg2+ interacts with Cys residues of these complexes and differently modulate their functionality by modifying the redox state of thiol groups. The results, which cast light on some implications of metal-thiol interactions up to now not fully explored, may contribute to clarify the molecular mechanisms of mercury toxicity to mitochondria.
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180
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Hogeback J, Schwarzer M, Wehe CA, Sperling M, Karst U. Investigating the adduct formation of organic mercury species with carbonic anhydrase and hemoglobin from human red blood cell hemolysate by means of LC/ESI-TOF-MS and LC/ICP-MS. Metallomics 2016; 8:101-7. [PMID: 26442983 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00186b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of mercury species with human erythrocytes is studied to investigate possible high molecular binding partners for mercury species. Human blood hemolysate was spiked with methylmercury and investigated by means of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-ToF-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Beside adduct formation of mercury species with hemoglobin, the main compound of the erythrocytes, mercury binding to the enzyme carbonic anhydrase was revealed. Due to an enzymatic digest of the protein-mercury adduct, the binding site at the free thiol group of the protein was identified. These results indicate that carbonic anhydrase might play a role in mercury toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hogeback
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Miriam Schwarzer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Christoph A Wehe
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany. and European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA), Mendelstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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181
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Brasca R, Onaindia MC, Goicoechea HC, Peña AMDL, Culzoni MJ. Highly Selective and Ultrasensitive Turn-on Luminescence Chemosensor for Mercury (II) Determination Based on the Rhodamine 6G Derivative FC1 and Au Nanoparticles. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16101652. [PMID: 27782059 PMCID: PMC5087440 DOI: 10.3390/s16101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A method for the detection and quantitation of Hg2+ in aqueous samples by fluorescence spectroscopy is presented. It consists of a turn-on sensor developed by coupling Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the rhodamine 6G derivative FC1, in which the response is generated by a mercury-induced ring-opening reaction. The AuNPs were included in order to improve the sensitivity of the method towards the analyte, maintaining its high selectivity. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy, and applied to the quantitation of Hg2+ in Milli-Q and tap water with and without spiked analyte. The limit of detection and quantitation were 0.15 μg·L−1 and 0.43 μg·L−1, respectively, constituting a substantial improvement of sensitivity in comparison with the previously reported detection of Hg2+ with free FC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Brasca
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe 3000, Argentine.
| | - María C Onaindia
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe 3000, Argentine.
| | - Héctor C Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe 3000, Argentine.
| | | | - María J Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe 3000, Argentine.
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182
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Inorganic mercury exposure in drinking water alters essential metal homeostasis in pregnant rats without altering rat pup behavior. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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183
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Krupp
- University of Aberdeen; Chemistry Department; Meston Walk Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK
| | - Zuzana Gajdosechova
- University of Aberdeen; Chemistry Department; Meston Walk Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science; Department of Food Chemistry; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Hanna Lohren
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science; Department of Food Chemistry; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
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184
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Yadetie F, Bjørneklett S, Garberg HK, Oveland E, Berven F, Goksøyr A, Karlsen OA. Quantitative analyses of the hepatic proteome of methylmercury-exposed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) suggest oxidative stress-mediated effects on cellular energy metabolism. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:554. [PMID: 27496535 PMCID: PMC4974784 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmecury (MeHg) is a widely distributed environmental pollutant with considerable risk to both human health and wildlife. To gain better insight into the underlying mechanisms of MeHg-mediated toxicity, we have used label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze the liver proteome of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed in vivo to MeHg (0, 0.5, 2 mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks. RESULTS Out of a toltal of 1143 proteins quantified, 125 proteins were differentially regulated between MeHg-treated samples and controls. Using various bioinformatics tools, we performed gene ontology, pathway and network enrichment analysis, which indicated that proteins and pathways mainly related to energy metabolism, antioxidant defense, cytoskeleton remodeling, and protein synthesis were regulated in the hepatic proteome after MeHg exposure. Comparison with previous gene expression data strengthened these results, and further supported that MeHg predominantly affects many energy metabolism pathways, presumably through its strong induction of oxidative stress. Some enzymes known to have functionally important oxidation-sensitive cysteine residues in other animals are among the differentially regulated proteins, suggesting their modulations by MeHg-induced oxidative stress. Integrated analysis of the proteomics dataset combined with previous gene expression dataset showed a more pronounced effect of MeHg on amino acid, glucose and fatty acid metabolic pathways, and suggested possible interactions of the cellular energy metabolism and antioxidant defense pathways. CONCLUSIONS MeHg disrupts mainly redox homeostasis and energy generating metabolic pathways in cod liver. The energy pathways appear to be modulated through MeHg-induced oxidative stress, possibly mediated by oxidation sensitive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silje Bjørneklett
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hilde Kristin Garberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit (PROBE) at the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein Oveland
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit (PROBE) at the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Berven
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit (PROBE) at the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
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185
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Sabri YM, Kabir KMM, Boom E, Rosenberg S, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. Mercury Detection in Real Industrial Flue Gas Using a Nanostructured Quartz Crystal Microbalance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - K. M. Mohibul Kabir
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Eric Boom
- South32 Worsley
Alumina Pty Ltd, Perth, Western
Australia 6000, Australia
| | | | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- School
of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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186
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Al-Rouqi R, Abduljabbar M, Eltabache C, Al-Rajudi T, Nester M. Alterations in biochemical markers due to mercury (Hg) exposure and its influence on infant's neurodevelopment. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:898-914. [PMID: 27453562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the role of oxidative stress due to mercury (Hg) exposure on infant's neurodevelopmental performance. A total of 944 healthy Saudi mothers and their respective infants (aged 3-12 months) were recruited from 57 Primary Health Care Centers in Riyadh City. Total mercury (Hg) was measured in mothers and infants urine and hair samples, as well as mother's blood and breast milk. Methylmercury (MeHg) was determined in the mothers and infants' hair and mother's blood. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and porphyrins were used to assess oxidative stress. The infant's neurodevelopment was evaluated using Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) and Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status. The median total Hg levels in mother's urine, infant's urine, mother's hair, infant's hair, and mother's blood and breast milk were 0.995μg/l, 0.716μg/l, 0.118μg/g dw, 0.101μg/g dw, 0.635μg/l, and 0.884μg/l respectively. The median MeHg levels in mother's hair, infant's hair, and mother's blood were 0.132μg/g dw, 0.091μg/g dw, and 2.341μg/l respectively. A significant interrelationship between mothers and infants Hg measures in various matrices was noted. This suggests that mother's exposure to different forms of Hg (total and/or MeHg) from various sources contributed significantly to the metal body burden of their respective infants. Even though Hg exposure was low, it induced high oxidative stress in mothers and infants. The influence of multiplicative interaction terms between Hg measures and oxidative stress biomarkers was tested using multiple regression analysis. Significant interactions between the urinary Hg levels in mothers and infants and oxidative stress biomarkers (8-OHdG and MDA) were noted. The MeHg levels in mother-infant hair revealed similar interaction patterns. The p-values for both were below 0.001. These observations suggest that the exposure of our infants to Hg via mothers either during pregnancy and/or neonatal life, promoted oxidative stress that might have played a role in infant neurodevelopmental delays that we reported previously. The results confirmed that the interaction between infant's MeHg in hair and 8-OHdG and MDA levels was significantly associated with a delay in DDST-II performance (ß=-0.188, p=0.028). This finding provides an insight into the potential consequences of Hg-induced oxidative stress to infant's cognitive neurodevelopment for the first time. This observation still needs future studies to be validated. Given the low MeHg levels in our population, these findings are of particular importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al-Rouqi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Abduljabbar
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chafica Eltabache
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreer Al-Rajudi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Nester
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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187
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Lee JH, Moniruzzaman M, Yun H, Lee S, Park Y, Bai SC. Dietary vitamin C reduced mercury contents in the tissues of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed with and without mercury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:8-14. [PMID: 27218434 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A 2×3 factorial design was employed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C (l-ascorblyl-2-monophosphate, C2MP) levels on growth and tissue mercury (Hg) accumulations in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Six experimental diets with two levels of mercuric chloride (0 or 20mg HgCl2/kg diet) and three levels of vitamin C (0, 100, or 200mg C2MP/kg diet) were added to the basal diet. At the end of 6 weeks feeding trial, in presence or absence of dietary Hg, fish body weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and whole body lipid content were increased in a dose-dependent manner as dietary vitamin C level increased in the diets. Interestingly, fish fed 100 or 200mg C2MP/kg diets showed significant interactive effects on reducing Hg content in kidney tissue. These results revealed that dietary vitamin C as 100 or 200mg C2MP/kg diet had protective effect against Hg accumulation in juvenile olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Rep. of Korea
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Rep. of Korea
| | - Hyeonho Yun
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Rep. of Korea
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Rep. of Korea
| | - Youngjin Park
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Rep. of Korea
| | - Sungchul C Bai
- Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Rep. of Korea.
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188
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Awasthi AK, Zeng X, Li J. Relationship between e-waste recycling and human health risk in India: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11509-32. [PMID: 26880523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Informal recycling of waste (including e-waste) is an emerging source of environmental pollution in India. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and heavy metals, among other substances, are a major health concern for workers engaged in waste disposal and processing, and for residents living near these facilities, and are also a detriment to the natural environment. The main objective of this review article was to evaluate the status of these impacts. The review found that, huge quantity of e-waste/waste generated, only a small amount is treated formally; the remainder is processed through the informal sector. We also evaluated the exposure pathways, both direct and indirect, and the human body load markers (e.g., serum, blood, breast milk, urine, and hair), and assessed the evidence for the association between these markers and e-waste exposure. Our results indicated that the open dumping and informal e-waste recycling systems should be replaced by the best available technology and environmental practices, with proper monitoring and regular awareness programs for workers and residents. Further and more detailed investigation in this area is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Awasthi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Rm. 805, Sino-Italian Environment and Energy Efficient Building, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xianlai Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Rm. 805, Sino-Italian Environment and Energy Efficient Building, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Rm. 805, Sino-Italian Environment and Energy Efficient Building, Beijing, 100084, China.
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189
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Clinical applications of HPLC–ICP-MS element speciation: A review. Talanta 2016; 153:306-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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190
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Ototoxicity of Divalent Metals. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:268-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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191
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Yadav A, Flora SJS. Nano drug delivery systems: a new paradigm for treating metal toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:831-41. [PMID: 27030893 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1160890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The standard medical treatment for metal toxicity is chelation therapy. Chelating agents work by forming less toxic complexes with the toxic metal ions which are readily excreted from the body. These compounds, based on their hydrophilic/lipophilic property, can either remove toxic metal ions from extracellular sites or can penetrate the intracellular compartments to facilitate the removal of toxic metal ions. However, there are various disadvantages associated with this kind of therapy, notably, selectivity. Other problems and challenges are that the therapy regime is expensive, time consuming and has poor patient compliance. Two chelating agents, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and dimercaptopropionicsulfonate (DMPS) have gained increased acceptance among clinicians, undoubtedly improving the management of metal intoxications. AREAS COVERED The present review provides an insight into the conventional chelating agents, new chelators under development, and the new opportunities presented by the use of nanotherapy for the treatment of metal poisoning cases. EXPERT OPINION Today's research should not only focus towards development of alternate chelators but also targeted therapy such as the nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Yadav
- a Directorate of Planning & Coordination , Defence Research and Development Organisation, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India , Delhi , India
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- b Division of Regulatory Toxicology , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India
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192
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Kabir KMM, Sabri YM, Matthews GI, Jones LA, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. Selective detection of elemental mercury vapor using a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor. Analyst 2016; 140:5508-17. [PMID: 26065560 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) within industrial processes is extremely important as it is the first major step in ensuring the efficient operation of implemented mercury removal technologies. In this study, a 131 MHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line sensor with gold electrodes was tested towards Hg(0) vapor (24 to 365 ppbv) with/without the presence of ammonia (NH3) and humidity (H2O), as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetaldehyde (MeCHO), ethylmercaptan (EM), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), which are all common interfering gas species that co-exist in many industrial applications requiring mercury monitoring. The developed sensor exhibited a detection limit of 0.7 ppbv and 4.85 ppbv at 35 and 55 °C, respectively. Furthermore, a repeatability of 97% and selectivity of 92% in the presence of contaminant gases was exhibited by the sensor at the chosen operating temperature of 55 °C. The response magnitude of the developed SAW sensor towards different concentrations of Hg(0) vapor fitted well with the Langmuir extension isotherm (otherwise known as loading ratio correlation (LRC)) which is in agreement with our basic finite element method (FEM) work where an LRC isotherm was observed for a simplified model of the SAW sensor responding to different Hg contents deposited on the Au based electrodes. Overall, the results indicate that the developed SAW sensor can be a potential solution for online selective detection of low concentrations of Hg(0) vapor found in industrial stack effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Mohibul Kabir
- Mercury Management and Chemical Sensing Laboratory (MMCSL), Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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193
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Wang Y, Wen G, Ye L, Liang A, Jiang Z. Label-free SERS study of galvanic replacement reaction on silver nanorod surface and its application to detect trace mercury ion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19650. [PMID: 26792071 PMCID: PMC4726172 DOI: 10.1038/srep19650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is significant to explore a rapid and highly sensitive galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for detection of trace mercury ions. This article was reported a new GRR SERS analytical platform for detecting Hg(II) with label-free molecular probe Victoria blue B (VBB). In HAc-NaCl-silver nanorod (AgNR) substrate, the molecular probe VBB exhibited a strong SERS peak at 1609 cm(-1). Upon addition of Hg(II), the GRR occurred between the AgNR and Hg(II), and formed a weak SERS activity of Hg2Cl2 that deposited on the AgNR surfaces to decrease the SERS intensity at I1609 cm(-1). The decreased SERS intensity was linear to Hg(II) concentration in the range of 1.25-125 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 0.2 nmol/L. The GRR was studied by SERS, transmission electron microscopy and other techniques, and the GRR mechanism was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guiqing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lingling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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194
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Yurkerwich K, Quinlivan PJ, Rong Y, Parkin G. Phenylselenolate Mercury Alkyl Compounds, PhSeHgMe and PhSeHgEt: Molecular Structures, Protolytic Hg-C Bond Cleavage and Phenylselenolate Exchange. Polyhedron 2016; 103:307-314. [PMID: 26644634 PMCID: PMC4669890 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The phenylselenolate mercury alkyl compounds, PhSeHgMe and PhSeHgEt, have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, thereby demonstrating that both compounds are monomeric with approximately linear coordination geometries; the mercury centers do, nevertheless, exhibit secondary Hg•••Se intermolecular interactions that serve to increase the coordination number in the solid state. The ethyl derivative, PhSeHgEt, undergoes facile protolytic cleavage of the Hg-C bond to release ethane at room temperature, whereas PhSeHgMe exhibits little reactivity under similar conditions. Interestingly, the cleavage of the Hg-C bond of PhSeHgEt is also more facile than that of the thiolate analogue, PhSHgEt, which demonstrates that coordination by selenium promotes protolytic cleavage of the mercury-carbon bond. The phenylselenolate compounds PhSeHgR (R = Me, Et) also undergo degenerate exchange reactions with, for example, PhSHgR and RHgCl. In each case, the alkyl groups preserve coupling to the 199Hg nuclei, thereby indicating that the exchange process involves metathesis of the Hg-SePh/Hg-X groups rather than metathesis of the Hg-R/Hg-R groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yurkerwich
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York New York 10027,
USA
| | | | - Yi Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York New York 10027,
USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York New York 10027,
USA
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195
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Kabir KMM, Sabri YM, Lay B, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. A silver electrode based surface acoustic wave (SAW) mercury vapor sensor: a physio-chemical and analytical investigation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a surface acoustic wave based Hg0 vapour sensor was developed where Ag IDT electrodes were employed as lone sensing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Mohibul Kabir
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Bebeto Lay
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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196
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Al-Saleh I, Nester M, Abduljabbar M, Al-Rouqi R, Eltabache C, Al-Rajudi T, Elkhatib R. Mercury (Hg) exposure and its effects on Saudi breastfed infant's neurodevelopment. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:129-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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197
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Kabir KMM, Sabri YM, Kandjani AE, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. Development and comparative investigation of Ag-sensitive layer based SAW and QCM sensors for mercury sensing applications. Analyst 2016; 141:2463-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02568k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we developed Ag sensitive layer-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors and focused on their comparative analysis for Hg sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Mohibul Kabir
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ahmad Esmaielzadeh Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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198
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Jiang W, Chen Z, Cheng X, Wu W, Wu Y, Xu L, Fu F. A novel ion imprinted SiO2 microsphere for the specific and rapid extraction and pre-concentration of ultra-trace methyl mercury. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05973b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel MeHg ion imprinted silica microsphere was designed and synthesized for the specific, cost-effective and rapid pre-concentration of ultra-trace MeHg from natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Jiang
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Xian Cheng
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Weihua Wu
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment
- Beijing 100022
- China
| | - Liangjun Xu
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - FengFu Fu
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
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199
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Li Y, Zhao J, Li YF, Xu X, Zhang B, Liu Y, Cui L, Li B, Gao Y, Chai Z. Comparative metalloproteomic approaches for the investigation proteins involved in the toxicity of inorganic and organic forms of mercury in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Metallomics 2016; 8:663-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity mechanisms of rice roots under inorganic mercury (IHg) or methylmercury (MeHg) stress were investigated using metalloproteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwei Cui
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bai Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxi Gao
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control
- and Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanometallomics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
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200
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Chen Y, Cheng X, Mo F, Huang L, Wu Z, Wu Y, Xu L, Fu F. Ultra-sensitive speciation analysis of mercury by CE-ICP-MS together with field-amplified sample stacking injection and dispersive solid-phase extraction. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:1055-62. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YiQuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Fan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - LiMei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Department of Plant Protection; Fujian Agriculture and Forest University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing P. R. China
| | - LiangJun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - FengFu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
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