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Tajima-Pozo K, Yus M, Ruiz-Manrique G, Lewczuk A, Arrazola J, Montañes-Rada F. Amygdala Abnormalities in Adults With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:671-678. [PMID: 26964869 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716629213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The suggested neurobiological bases of ADHD focus on the amygdala as a center of emotions processing. Therefore, we hypothesize that patients with ADHD will show an irregular pattern of emotional-related activity of the amygdala region as well as some structural abnormalities. METHOD Nine adult patients with ADHD and nine group-matched healthy volunteers were studied using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Morphometric measurements were obtained manually, and they were later processed and compared. Absolute volumes of several structures and nuclei were calculated with FSL-FIRST. For the functional magnetic resonance examination, a set of two paradigms was prepared, using a block design, incorporating images of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The patients were unmedicated at the time of the MRI scan. RESULTS Negative correlation was found between the right amygdala volume and Barrat's impulsivity scores ( r = -.756, p = .018). The age of patients did not turn out to be a significant factor. No significantly higher activation areas were found in patients with unpleasant content images. For the left amygdala, an Region Of Interest (ROI)-based analysis showed moderately higher level of activation in the patients than in the controls with pleasant content images. CONCLUSION Patients with ADHD tend to have smaller amygdala volumes. ADHD patients presented less activation in the area of the left frontal pole than the controls. There was no amygdala activation stated when presenting the pleasant images. Whereas bigger activation of the left amygdala was found in patients while presenting them unpleasant images. These results might suggest that lower emotional processing and less control of impulsivity is associated with dysfunctional amygdala in ADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Yus
- 2 Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Arrazola
- 2 Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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152
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Sani G, Simonetti A, Janiri D, Banaj N, Ambrosi E, De Rossi P, Ciullo V, Arciniegas DB, Piras F, Spalletta G. Association between duration of lithium exposure and hippocampus/amygdala volumes in type I bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:341-348. [PMID: 29510351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies on the effects of lithium on limbic and subcortical gray matter volumes are mixed. It is possible that discrepant findings may be explained by the duration of lithium exposure. We investigated this issue in individuals with type I bipolar disorder (BP-I). METHODS Limbic and subcortical gray matter volume was measured using FreeSurfer in 60 subjects: 15 with BP-I without prior lithium exposure [no-exposure group (NE)]; 15 with BP-I and lithium exposure < 24 months [short-exposure group (SE)]; 15 with BP-I and lithium exposure > 24 months [long-exposure group (LE)]; and 15 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS No differences in limbic and subcortical gray matter volumes were found between LE and HC. Hippocampal and amygdalar volumes were larger bilaterally in both LE and HC when compared to NE. Amygdalar volumes were larger bilaterally in SE when compared to NE but did not differ from LE. Hippocampal volumes were smaller bilaterally in SE when compared to LE and HC but did not differ from NE. No between-group differences on subcortical gray matter or other limbic structure volumes were observed. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design and concurrent treatment with other medications limit attribution of between-group differences to lithium exposure alone. CONCLUSIONS The effect of lithium exposure on limbic and subcortical gray matter volumes appears to be time-dependent and relatively specific to the hippocampus and the amygdala, with short-term effects on the amygdala and long-term effects on both structures. These results support the clinical importance of long-term lithium treatment in BP-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sani
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; School of Medicine, Mood Disorder Program, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Ambrosi
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro De Rossi
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy; Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Italy
| | - David B Arciniegas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Rome, Italy.
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153
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van der Stouwe ECD, van Busschbach JT, de Vries B, Cahn W, Aleman A, Pijnenborg GHM. Neural correlates of exercise training in individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy individuals: A systematic review. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:287-301. [PMID: 30023171 PMCID: PMC6050351 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A body of evidence has revealed positive effects of physical exercise on behavioral, cognitive and physical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. Notably, the effect of exercise at the neural level may be particularly relevant as well as it is hypothesized that exercise may stimulate the brain in a way that might normalize neural alterations related to the disorder. The aim of the current systematic review was to provide an up to date overview of studies investigating the neural effects of exercise in individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and healthy individuals. The majority of included studies focused on hippocampal effects, reporting beneficial effects of exercise. In addition, in schizophrenia increased extrastriate body area (EBA) activation and increased white matter fiber integrity in tracts relevant to the disorder were found and in healthy individuals decreased connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) indicating greater cognitive efficiency was reported. Comparing individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and healthy individuals within a similar age range, most studies found similar effects on hippocampal volume and white matter tracts for both groups, although the effect in schizophrenia spectrum disorders may be attenuated which is in line with previous literature on brain plasticity. The current review indicates a lack of studies investigating neural correlates other than the hippocampus. Although those studies that did focus on other neural correlates revealed promising results, these have not been replicated in other studies and call for replication. Furthermore, future studies should expand their focus, by investigating neural mechanisms underlying positive effects of physical exercise on positive symptoms, negative symptoms and symptoms such as depression, social withdrawal and social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C D van der Stouwe
- Department of Neuroscience, BCN Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 2, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Onderzoekcentrum, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J T van Busschbach
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Onderzoekcentrum, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Movement and Education, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, 8017, CA, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - B de Vries
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712, TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - W Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heigelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - A Aleman
- Department of Neuroscience, BCN Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 2, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G H M Pijnenborg
- Department of Neuroscience, BCN Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 2, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712, TS, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ-Drenthe, Dennenweg 9, 9404, LA, Assen, The Netherlands.
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154
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Cabeen RP, Laidlaw DH, Ruggieri A, Dickstein DP. Preliminary mapping of the structural effects of age in pediatric bipolar disorder with multimodal MR imaging. Psychiatry Res 2018; 273:54-62. [PMID: 29361347 PMCID: PMC5815932 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates multimodal structural MR imaging biomarkers of development trajectories in pediatric bipolar disorder. T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR imaging was conducted to investigate cross-sectional group differences with age between typically developing controls (N = 26) and youths diagnosed with bipolar disorder (N = 26). Region-based analysis was used to examine cortical thickness of gray matter and diffusion tensor parameters in superficial white matter, and tractography-based analysis was used to examine deep white matter fiber bundles. Patients and controls showed significantly different maturation trajectories across brain areas; however, the magnitude of differences varied by region. The rate of cortical thinning with age was greater in patients than controls in the left frontal pole. While controls showed increasing fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) with age, patients showed an opposite trend of decreasing FA and AD with age in fronto-temporal-striatal regions located in both superficial and deep white matter. The findings support fronto-temporal-striatal alterations in the developmental trajectories of youths diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and further, show the value of multimodal computational techniques in the assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders. These preliminary results warrant further investigation into longitudinal changes and the effects of treatment in the brain areas identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Cabeen
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - David H Laidlaw
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amanda Ruggieri
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging & NeuroDevelopment Program, Bradley Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel P Dickstein
- Pediatric Mood, Imaging & NeuroDevelopment Program, Bradley Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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155
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Guenette JP, Stern RA, Tripodis Y, Chua AS, Schultz V, Sydnor VJ, Somes N, Karmacharya S, Lepage C, Wrobel P, Alosco ML, Martin BM, Chaisson CE, Coleman MJ, Lin AP, Pasternak O, Makris N, Shenton ME, Koerte IK. Automated versus manual segmentation of brain region volumes in former football players. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:888-896. [PMID: 29876273 PMCID: PMC5988230 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether or not automated FreeSurfer segmentation of brain regions considered important in repetitive head trauma can be analyzed accurately without manual correction. Materials and methods 3 T MR neuroimaging was performed with automated FreeSurfer segmentation and manual correction of 11 brain regions in former National Football League (NFL) players with neurobehavioral symptoms and in control subjects. Automated segmentation and manually-corrected volumes were compared using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Linear mixed effects regression models were also used to estimate between-group mean volume comparisons and to correlate former NFL player brain volumes with neurobehavioral factors. Results Eighty-six former NFL players (55.2 ± 8.0 years) and 22 control subjects (57.0 ± 6.6 years) were evaluated. ICC was highly correlated between automated and manually-corrected corpus callosum volumes (0.911), lateral ventricular volumes (right 0.980, left 0.967), and amygdala-hippocampal complex volumes (right 0.713, left 0.731), but less correlated when amygdalae (right -0.170, left -0.090) and hippocampi (right 0.539, left 0.637) volumes were separately delineated and also less correlated for cingulate gyri volumes (right 0.639, left 0.351). Statistically significant differences between former NFL player and controls were identified in 8 of 11 regions with manual correction but in only 4 of 11 regions without such correction. Within NFL players, manually corrected brain volumes were significantly associated with 3 neurobehavioral factors, but a different set of 3 brain regions and neurobehavioral factor correlations was observed for brain region volumes segmented without manual correction. Conclusions Automated FreeSurfer segmentation of the corpus callosum, lateral ventricles, and amygdala-hippocampus complex may be appropriate for analysis without manual correction. However, FreeSurfer segmentation of the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus need further manual correction prior to performing group comparisons and correlations with neurobehavioral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Guenette
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert A Stern
- BU Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- BU Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alicia S Chua
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vivian Schultz
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathaniel Somes
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarina Karmacharya
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christian Lepage
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pawel Wrobel
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael L Alosco
- BU Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brett M Martin
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christine E Chaisson
- BU Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael J Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, United States
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
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156
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Zhang W, Groen W, Mennes M, Greven C, Buitelaar J, Rommelse N. Revisiting subcortical brain volume correlates of autism in the ABIDE dataset: effects of age and sex. Psychol Med 2018; 48:654-668. [PMID: 28745267 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171700201x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by substantial clinical, etiological and neurobiological heterogeneity. Despite this heterogeneity, previous imaging studies have highlighted the role of specific cortical and subcortical structures in ASD and have forwarded the notion of an ASD specific neuroanatomy in which abnormalities in brain structures are present that can be used for diagnostic classification approaches. METHOD A large (N = 859, 6-27 years, IQ 70-130) multi-center structural magnetic resonance imaging dataset was examined to specifically test ASD diagnostic effects regarding (sub)cortical volumes. RESULTS Despite the large sample size, we found virtually no main effects of ASD diagnosis. Yet, several significant two- and three-way interaction effects of diagnosis by age by gender were found. CONCLUSION The neuroanatomy of ASD does not exist, but is highly age and gender dependent. Implications for approaches of stratification of ASD into more homogeneous subtypes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - W Groen
- Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - M Mennes
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - C Greven
- Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - J Buitelaar
- Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
| | - N Rommelse
- Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center,Nijmegen,The Netherlands
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157
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Fujishima M, Kawaguchi A, Maikusa N, Kuwano R, Iwatsubo T, Matsuda H. Sample Size Estimation for Alzheimer's Disease Trials from Japanese ADNI Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:75-88. [PMID: 27911297 PMCID: PMC5240548 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the sample sizes required for clinical trials of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-modifying treatments using atrophy measures from serial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the Japanese population. Objective: The primary objective of the present study was to estimate how large a sample size would be needed for future clinical trials for AD-modifying treatments in Japan using atrophy measures of the brain as a surrogate biomarker. Methods: Sample sizes were estimated from the rates of change of the whole brain and hippocampus by the k-means normalized boundary shift integral (KN-BSI) and cognitive measures using the data of 537 Japanese Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging Initiative (J-ADNI) participants with a linear mixed-effects model. We also examined the potential use of ApoE status as a trial enrichment strategy. Results: The hippocampal atrophy rate required smaller sample sizes than cognitive measures of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Inclusion of ApoE status reduced sample sizes for AD and MCI patients in the atrophy measures. Conclusion: These results show the potential use of longitudinal hippocampal atrophy measurement using automated image analysis as a progression biomarker and ApoE status as a trial enrichment strategy in a clinical trial of AD-modifying treatment in Japanese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Fujishima
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kojinkai Josai Clinic, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryozo Kuwano
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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158
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Schmidt MF, Storrs JM, Freeman KB, Jack CR, Turner ST, Griswold ME, Mosley TH. A comparison of manual tracing and FreeSurfer for estimating hippocampal volume over the adult lifespan. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2500-2513. [PMID: 29468773 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI has become an indispensable tool for brain volumetric studies, with the hippocampus an important region of interest. Automation of the MRI segmentation process has helped advance the field by facilitating the volumetric analysis of larger cohorts and more studies. FreeSurfer has emerged as the de facto standard tool for these analyses, but studies validating its output are all based on older versions. To characterize FreeSurfer's validity, we compare several versions of FreeSurfer software with traditional hand-tracing. Using MRI images of 262 males and 402 females aged 38 to 84, we directly compare estimates of hippocampal volume from multiple versions of FreeSurfer, its hippocampal subfield routines, and our manual tracing protocol. We then use those estimates to assess asymmetry and atrophy, comparing performance of different estimators with each other and with brain atrophy measures. FreeSurfer consistently reports larger volumes than manual tracing. This difference is smaller in larger hippocampi or older people, with these biases weaker in version 6.0.0 than prior versions. All methods tested agree qualitatively on rightward asymmetry and increasing atrophy in older people. FreeSurfer saves time and money, and approximates the same atrophy measures as manual tracing, but it introduces biases that could require statistical adjustments in some studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike F Schmidt
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Judd M Storrs
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kevin B Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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159
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Akudjedu TN, Nabulsi L, Makelyte M, Scanlon C, Hehir S, Casey H, Ambati S, Kenney J, O’Donoghue S, McDermott E, Kilmartin L, Dockery P, McDonald C, Hallahan B, Cannon DM. A comparative study of segmentation techniques for the quantification of brain subcortical volume. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:1678-1695. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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160
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Batalla A, Lorenzetti V, Chye Y, Yücel M, Soriano-Mas C, Bhattacharyya S, Torrens M, Crippa JAS, Martín-Santos R. The Influence of DAT1, COMT, and BDNF Genetic Polymorphisms on Total and Subregional Hippocampal Volumes in Early Onset Heavy Cannabis Users. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3:1-10. [PMID: 29404409 PMCID: PMC5797324 DOI: 10.1089/can.2017.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hippocampal neuroanatomy is affected by genetic variations in dopaminergic candidate genes and environmental insults, such as early onset of chronic cannabis exposure. Here, we examine how hippocampal total and subregional volumes are affected by cannabis use and functional polymorphisms of dopamine-relevant genes, including the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine transporter (DAT1), and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes. Material and Methods: We manually traced total hippocampal volumes and automatically segmented hippocampal subregions using high-resolution MRI images, and performed COMT, DAT1, and BDNF genotyping in 59 male Caucasian young adults aged 18–30 years. These included 30 chronic cannabis users with early-onset (regular use at <16 years) and 29 age-, education-, and intelligence-matched controls. Results: Cannabis use and dopaminergic gene polymorphism had both distinct and interactive effects on the hippocampus. We found emerging alterations of hippocampal total and specific subregional volumes in cannabis users relative to controls (i.e., CA1, CA2/3, and CA4), and associations between cannabis use levels and total and specific subregional volumes. Furthermore, total hippocampal volume and the fissure subregion were affected by cannabis×DAT1 polymorphism (i.e., 9/9R and in 10/10R alleles), reflecting high and low levels of dopamine availability. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cannabis exposure alters the normal relationship between DAT1 polymorphism and the anatomy of total and subregional hippocampal volumes, and that specific hippocampal subregions may be particularly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM and Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- School of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Laboratory for Brain and Mental Health, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yann Chye
- Laboratory for Brain and Mental Health, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Laboratory for Brain and Mental Health, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM G-17, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Torrens
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Psychiatric Department of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A S Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rocío Martín-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM and Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Psychiatric Department of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, São Paulo, Brazil
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161
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Beaujoin J, Palomero-Gallagher N, Boumezbeur F, Axer M, Bernard J, Poupon F, Schmitz D, Mangin JF, Poupon C. Post-mortem inference of the human hippocampal connectivity and microstructure using ultra-high field diffusion MRI at 11.7 T. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2157-2179. [PMID: 29387938 PMCID: PMC5968081 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human hippocampus plays a key role in memory management and is one of the first structures affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ultra-high magnetic resonance imaging provides access to its inner structure in vivo. However, gradient limitations on clinical systems hinder access to its inner connectivity and microstructure. A major target of this paper is the demonstration of diffusion MRI potential, using ultra-high field (11.7 T) and strong gradients (750 mT/m), to reveal the extra- and intra-hippocampal connectivity in addition to its microstructure. To this purpose, a multiple-shell diffusion-weighted acquisition protocol was developed to reach an ultra-high spatio-angular resolution with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The MRI data set was analyzed using analytical Q-Ball Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging models. High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging estimates allowed us to obtain an accurate tractography resolving more complex fiber architecture than DTI models, and subsequently provided a map of the cross-regional connectivity. The neurite density was akin to that found in the histological literature, revealing the three hippocampal layers. Moreover, a gradient of connectivity and neurite density was observed between the anterior and the posterior part of the hippocampus. These results demonstrate that ex vivo ultra-high field/ultra-high gradients diffusion-weighted MRI allows the mapping of the inner connectivity of the human hippocampus, its microstructure, and to accurately reconstruct elements of the polysynaptic intra-hippocampal pathway using fiber tractography techniques at very high spatial/angular resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Beaujoin
- CEA NeuroSpin/UNIRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
- France Life Imaging, Orsay, France.
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, INM-1, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fawzi Boumezbeur
- CEA NeuroSpin/UNIRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- France Life Imaging, Orsay, France
| | - Markus Axer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, INM-1, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jeremy Bernard
- CEA NeuroSpin/UNIRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- France Life Imaging, Orsay, France
| | - Fabrice Poupon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- France Life Imaging, Orsay, France
- CEA NeuroSpin/UNATI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Jean-François Mangin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- France Life Imaging, Orsay, France
- CEA NeuroSpin/UNATI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CATI Neuroimaging Platform
| | - Cyril Poupon
- CEA NeuroSpin/UNIRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- France Life Imaging, Orsay, France
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162
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Leandrou S, Petroudi S, Kyriacou PA, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Pattichis CS. Quantitative MRI Brain Studies in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Methodological Review. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2018; 11:97-111. [PMID: 29994606 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2018.2796598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Classifying and predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with memory disorders through clinical and psychometric assessment is challenging, especially in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. Quantitative structural magnetic resonance imaging acquisition methods in combination with computer-aided diagnosis are currently being used for the assessment of AD. These acquisitions methods include voxel-based morphometry, volumetric measurements in specific regions of interest (ROIs), cortical thickness measurements, shape analysis, and texture analysis. This review evaluates the aforementioned methods in the classification of cases into one of the following three groups: normal controls, MCI, and AD subjects. Furthermore, the performance of the methods is assessed on the prediction of conversion from MCI to AD. In parallel, it is also assessed which ROIs are preferred in both classification and prognosis through the different states of the disease. Structural changes in the early stages of the disease are more pronounced in the medial temporal lobe, especially in the entorhinal cortex, whereas with disease progression, both entorhinal cortex and hippocampus offer similar discriminative power. However, for the conversion from MCI subjects to AD, entorhinal cortex provides better predictive accuracies rather than other structures, such as the hippocampus.
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163
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DuBois JM, Rousset OG, Guiot MC, Hall JA, Reader AJ, Soucy JP, Rosa-Neto P, Kobayashi E. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 (mGluR5) Cortical Abnormalities in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Identified In Vivo With [11C]ABP688 Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging. Cereb Cortex 2018; 26:4170-4179. [PMID: 27578494 PMCID: PMC5066831 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) abnormalities have been described in tissue resected from epilepsy patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). To determine if these abnormalities could be identified in vivo, we investigated mGluR5 availability in 10 patients with focal epilepsy and an MRI diagnosis of FCD using positron-emission tomography (PET) and the radioligand [11C]ABP688. Partial volume corrected [11C]ABP688 binding potentials (BPND) were computed using the cerebellum as a reference region. Each patient was compared to homotopic cortical regions in 33 healthy controls using region-of-interest (ROI) and vertex-wise analyses. Reduced [11C]ABP688 BPND in the FCD was seen in 7/10 patients with combined ROI and vertex-wise analyses. Reduced FCD BPND was found in 4/5 operated patients (mean follow-up: 63 months; Engel I), of whom surgical specimens revealed FCD type IIb or IIa, with most balloon cells showing negative or weak mGluR5 immunoreactivity as compared to their respective neuropil and normal neurons at the border of resections. [11C]ABP688 PET shows for the first time in vivo evidence of reduced mGluR5 availability in FCD, indicating focal glutamatergic alterations in malformations of cortical development, which cannot be otherwise clearly demonstrated through resected tissue analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M DuBois
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Olivier G Rousset
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Andrew J Reader
- PET Unit, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- PET Unit, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Bio-Imaging Group, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,PET Unit, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Eliane Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
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164
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Biffen SC, Warton CMR, Lindinger NM, Randall SR, Lewis CE, Molteno CD, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Meintjes EM. Reductions in Corpus Callosum Volume Partially Mediate Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on IQ. Front Neuroanat 2018; 11:132. [PMID: 29379419 PMCID: PMC5771245 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disproportionate volume reductions in the basal ganglia, corpus callosum (CC) and hippocampus have been reported in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). However, few studies have investigated these reductions in high prevalence communities, such as the Western Cape Province of South Africa, and only one study made use of manual tracing, the gold standard of volumetric analysis. The present study examined the effects of PAE on subcortical neuroanatomy using manual tracing and the relation of volumetric reductions in these regions to IQ and performance on the California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version (CVLT-C), a list learning task sensitive to PAE. High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired, using a sequence optimized for morphometric neuroanatomical analysis, on a Siemens 3T Allegra MRI scanner from 71 right-handed, 9- to 11-year-old children [9 fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 19 partial FAS (PFAS), 24 non-syndromal heavily exposed (HE) and 19 non-exposed controls]. Frequency of maternal drinking was ascertained prospectively during pregnancy using timeline follow-back interviews. PAE was examined in relation to volumes of the CC and left and right caudate nuclei, nucleus accumbens and hippocampi. All structures were manually traced using Multitracer. Higher levels of PAE were associated with reductions in CC volume after adjustment for TIV. Although the effect of PAE on CC was confounded with smoking and lead exposure, additional analyses showed that it was not accounted for by these exposures. Amongst dysmorphic children, smaller CC was associated with poorer IQ and CVLT-C scores and statistically mediated the effect of PAE on IQ. In addition, higher levels of PAE were associated with bilateral volume reductions in caudate nuclei and hippocampi, effects that remained significant after control for TIV, child sex and age, socioeconomic status, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and childhood lead exposure. These data confirm previous findings showing that PAE is associated with decreases in subcortical volumes and is the first study to show that decreases in callosal volume may play a role in fetal alcohol-related impairment in cognitive function seen in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevie C Biffen
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher M R Warton
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadine M Lindinger
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steven R Randall
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine E Lewis
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher D Molteno
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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165
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Global grey matter volume in adult bipolar patients with and without lithium treatment: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:599-606. [PMID: 28886501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively summarize the evidence available on the differences in grey matter volume between lithium-treated and lithium-free bipolar patients. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane Central, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases for original peer-reviewed journal articles that reported on global grey matter volume in lithium-medicated and lithium-free bipolar patients. Standard mean difference and Hedges' g were used to calculate effect size in a random-effects model. Risk of publication bias was assessed using Egger's test and quality of evidence was assessed using standard criteria. RESULTS There were 15 studies with a total of 854 patients (368 lithium-medicated, 486 lithium-free) included in the meta-analysis. Global grey matter volume was significantly larger in lithium-treated bipolar patients compared to lithium-free patients (SMD: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.01-0.33; z = 2.11, p = 0.035). Additionally, there was a difference in global grey matter volume between groups in studies that employed semi-automated segmentation methods (SMD: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.01-1.31; z = 1.99, p = 0.047), but no significant difference in studies that used fully-automated segmentation. No publication bias was detected (bias coefficient = - 0.65, p = 0.46). LIMITATIONS Variability in imaging methods and lack of high-quality evidence limits the interpretation of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that lithium-treated patients have a greater global grey matter volume than those who were lithium-free. Further study of the relationship between lithium and grey matter volume may elucidate the therapeutic potential of lithium in conditions characterized by abnormal changes in brain structure.
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166
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique used routinely to image the body in both clinical and research settings. Through the manipulation of radio waves and static field gradients, MRI uses the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance to produce images with high spatial resolution, appropriate for the investigation of brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Rachael I Scahill
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Geraint Rees
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sarah Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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167
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Buhl CS, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Videbech P, Vaag A, Møller N, Lund S, Buhl ES. Escitalopram Ameliorates Hypercortisolemia and Insulin Resistance in Low Birth Weight Men With Limbic Brain Alterations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:115-124. [PMID: 29053851 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) is linked to the development of insulin resistance and limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) axis hyperactivity. OBJECTIVE Our first aim was to study insulin action, LHPA axis function, and limbic brain structures in young, healthy LBW men vs normal birthweight (NBW) controls (part 1). Our second aim was to investigate the effects of escitalopram vs placebo in LBW men in the LHPA axis and insulin sensitivity (part 2). DESIGN SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTION The maximal (Rdmax) and submaximal (Rdsubmax) rates of insulin-stimulated glucose turnover, LHPA axis, and brain morphology were examined in 40 LBW men and 20 matched NBW men using two-stage hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, 24-hour hormone plasma profiles, and magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, all LBW subjects underwent randomized and double-blind treatment with escitalopram 20 mg/d or placebo for 3 months followed by a complete reexamination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (PART 2) Changes in Rdmax/Rdsubmax and plasma-free cortisol 24-hour area under the curve. RESULTS In LBW vs NBW, Rdsubmax and Rdmax were ∼16% (P = 0.01) and ∼12% (P = 0.01) lower, respectively, and 24-hour free cortisol levels were ∼20% higher (P = 0.02), primarily driven by a ∼99% increase at 05:00 am (P < 0.001). Furthermore, these changes were related to structural alterations within left thalamus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. However, in LBW men, exposure to escitalopram normalized the free cortisol levels and improved the Rdsubmax by ∼24% (P = 0.04) compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS LBW vs NBW displayed alterations in key brain structures modulating the LHPA axis, elevated free cortisol levels, and insulin resistance. Escitalopram administration ameliorated these defects, suggesting a potential for LHPA axis modulation compounds to improve insulin action in LBW subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Selmer Buhl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Vaag
- Innovative Medicines, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sten Lund
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Selmer Buhl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute for Health and Society, Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
- Hov Medical Centre, Sondre Land Kommune, Hov, Oppland County, Norway
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168
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Morey RA, Davis SL, Garrett ME, Haswell CC, Marx CE, Beckham JC, McCarthy G, Hauser MA, Ashley-Koch AE. Genome-wide association study of subcortical brain volume in PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1265. [PMID: 29187748 PMCID: PMC5802459 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the traumatic event, a significant fraction of trauma survivors subsequently develop PTSD. The additional variability in PTSD risk is expected to arise from genetic susceptibility. Unfortunately, several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have failed to identify a consistent genetic marker for PTSD. The heritability of intermediate phenotypes such as regional brain volumes is often 80% or higher. We conducted a GWAS of subcortical brain volumes in a sample of recent military veteran trauma survivors (n = 157), grouped into PTSD (n = 66) and non-PTSD controls (n = 91). Covariates included PTSD diagnosis, sex, intracranial volume, ancestry, childhood trauma, SNP×PTSD diagnosis, and SNP×childhood trauma. We identified several genetic markers in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs9373240 (p = 2.0 × 10-7, FDR q = 0.0375) that were associated with caudate volume. We also observed a significant interaction between rs9373240 and childhood trauma (p-values = 0.0007-0.002), whereby increased trauma exposure produced a stronger association between SNPs and increased caudate volume. We identified several SNPs in high LD with rs34043524, which is downstream of the TRAM1L1 gene that were associated with right lateral ventricular volume (p = 1.73 × 10-7; FDR q = 0.032) and were also associated with lifetime alcohol abuse or dependence (p = 2.49 × 10-7; FDR q = 0.0375). Finally, we identified several SNPs in high LD with rs13140180 (p = 2.58 × 10-7; FDR q = .0016), an intergenic region on chromosome 4, and several SNPs in the TMPRSS15 associated with right nucleus accumbens volume (p = 2.58 × 10-7; FDR q = 0.017). Both TRAM1L1 and TMPRSS15 have been previously implicated in neuronal function. Key results survived genome-wide multiple-testing correction in our sample. Leveraging neuroimaging phenotypes may offer a shortcut, relative to clinical phenotypes, in mapping the genetic architecture and neurobiological pathways of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra A Morey
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Sarah L Davis
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney C Haswell
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine E Marx
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean C Beckham
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael A Hauser
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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169
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Huang CW, Tsai MH, Chen NC, Chen WH, Lu YT, Lui CC, Chang YT, Chang WN, Chang AYW, Chang CC. Clinical significance of circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 to white matter disintegrity in Alzheimer’s dementia. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:1230-40. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SummaryEndothelial dysfunction leads to worse cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). While both cerebrovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction lead to activation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin, it is not known whether these biomarkers extend the diagnostic repertoire in reflecting intracerebral structural damage or cognitive performance. A total of 110 AD patients and 50 age-matched controls were enrolled. Plasma levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin were measured and correlated with the cognitive performance, white matter macro-structural changes, and major tract-specific fractional anisotropy quantification. The AD patients were further stratified by clinical dementia rating score (mild dementia, n=60; moderate-to-severe dementia, n=50). Compared with the controls, plasma levels of VCAM-1 (p< 0.001), ICAM-1 (p=0.028) and E-selectin (p=0.016) were significantly higher in the patients, but only VCAM-1 levels significantly reflected the severity of dementia (p< 0.001). In addition, only VCAM-1 levels showed an association with macro- and micro- white matter changes especially in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (p< 0.001), posterior thalamic radiation (p=0.002), stria terminalis (p=0.002) and corpus callosum (p=0.009), and were independent of, age and cortical volume. These tracts show significant association with MMSE, short term memory and visuospatial function. Meanwhile, while VCAM-1 level correlated significantly with short-term memory (p=0.026) and drawing (p=0.025) scores in the AD patients after adjusting for age and education, the significance disappeared after adjusting for global FA. Endothelial activation, especially VCAM-1, was of clinical significance in AD that reflects macro- and micro-structural changes and poor short term memory and visuospatial function.
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170
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Geissmann L, Gschwind L, Schicktanz N, Deuring G, Rosburg T, Schwegler K, Gerhards C, Milnik A, Pflueger MO, Mager R, de Quervain DJF, Coynel D. Resting-state functional connectivity remains unaffected by preceding exposure to aversive visual stimuli. Neuroimage 2017; 167:354-365. [PMID: 29175611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While much is known about immediate brain activity changes induced by the confrontation with emotional stimuli, the subsequent temporal unfolding of emotions has yet to be explored. To investigate whether exposure to emotionally aversive pictures affects subsequent resting-state networks differently from exposure to neutral pictures, a resting-state fMRI study implementing a two-group repeated-measures design in healthy young adults (N = 34) was conducted. We focused on investigating (i) patterns of amygdala whole-brain and hippocampus connectivity in both a seed-to-voxel and seed-to-seed approach, (ii) whole-brain resting-state networks with an independent component analysis coupled with dual regression, and (iii) the amygdala's fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, all while EEG recording potential fluctuations in vigilance. In spite of the successful emotion induction, as demonstrated by stimuli rating and a memory-facilitating effect of negative emotionality, none of the resting-state measures was differentially affected by picture valence. In conclusion, resting-state networks connectivity as well as the amygdala's low frequency oscillations appear to be unaffected by preceding exposure to widely used emotionally aversive visual stimuli in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Geissmann
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Leo Gschwind
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Schicktanz
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Deuring
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Rosburg
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kyrill Schwegler
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Gerhards
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Milnik
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marlon O Pflueger
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Mager
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J F de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Coynel
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
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171
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Developmental relations between amygdala volume and anxiety traits: Effects of informant, sex, and age. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 30:1503-1515. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough substantial human and animal evidence suggests a role for the amygdala in anxiety, literature linking amygdala volume to anxiety symptomatology is inconclusive, with studies finding positive, negative, and null results. Clarifying this brain–behavior relation in middle to late childhood is especially important, as this is a time both of amygdala structural maturation and the emergence of many anxiety disorders. The goal of the current study was to clarify inconsistent findings in previous literature by identifying factors moderating the relation between amygdala volume and anxiety traits in a large sample of typically developing children aged 6–13 years (N = 72). In particular, we investigated the moderating effects of informant (parent vs. child), age, and sex. We found that children's reports (i.e., self-reports) were related to amygdala volume; children who reported higher anxiety levels had smaller amygdalae. This negative relation between amygdala volume and anxiety weakened with age. There was also an independent effect of sex, such that relations were stronger in males than in females. These results indicate the importance of considering sample and informant characteristics when charting the neurobiological mechanisms underlying developmental anxiety.
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172
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Hu Y, Moore M, Bertels Z, Phan KL, Dolcos F, Dolcos S. Smaller amygdala volume and increased neuroticism predict anxiety symptoms in healthy subjects: A volumetric approach using manual tracing. Neuropsychologia 2017; 145:106564. [PMID: 29157997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Volume reductions in the amygdala (AMY) have been found in patients with anxiety disorders, but findings are mixed in subclinical participants with high trait anxiety scores, in whom both reductions and increases in AMY volume have been identified. One potential reason for such discrepancies could be the employment of different methods to determine the AMY volume (i.e., manual tracing in psychiatric research vs. automated methods), in non-patient research. In addition to trait anxiety, smaller AMY volume has also been linked to neuroticism, a personality trait consistently linked to increased vulnerability to anxiety. However, it is not clear how AMY volume and neuroticism together may contribute to anxiety symptoms in healthy functioning. These issues were investigated in a sample of 46 healthy participants who underwent anatomical MRI scanning and completed questionnaires measuring trait anxiety and neuroticism. AMY volume was assessed using manual tracing, based on anatomical landmarks identified in each participant's anatomical image. First, smaller left AMY volume was linked to higher levels of neuroticism (p = .013) and trait anxiety (p = .024), which in turn were positively correlated with each other. Moreover, AMY volume had a significant indirect effect on trait anxiety through neuroticism (ab = - .009, 95% CI [- .019, - .002]). This effect was not bidirectional, as trait anxiety did not predict AMY volume through neuroticism. Collectively, these findings provide support for a brain-personality-symptom framework of understanding affective dysregulation, which may help inform the development of prevention and intervention paradigms targeting preservation of AMY volume and reduction of neuroticism, to protect against anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hu
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Matthew Moore
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Zachariah Bertels
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Anatomy & Cell Biology, and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Sanda Dolcos
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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173
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Velasco-Annis C, Akhondi-Asl A, Stamm A, Warfield SK. Reproducibility of Brain MRI Segmentation Algorithms: Empirical Comparison of Local MAP PSTAPLE, FreeSurfer, and FSL-FIRST. J Neuroimaging 2017; 28:162-172. [PMID: 29134725 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Segmentation of human brain structures is crucial for the volumetric quantification of brain disease. Advances in algorithmic approaches have led to automated techniques that save time compared to interactive methods. Recently, the utility and accuracy of template library fusion algorithms, such as Local MAP PSTAPLE (PSTAPLE), have been demonstrated but there is little guidance regarding its reproducibility compared to single template-based algorithms such as FreeSurfer and FSL-FIRST. METHODS Eight repeated magnetic resonance imagings of 20 subjects were segmented using FreeSurfer, FSL-FIRST, and PSTAPLE. We reported the reproducibility of segmentation-derived volume measurements for brain structures and calculated sample size estimates for detecting hypothetical rates of tissue atrophy given the observed variances. RESULTS PSTAPLE had the most reproducible volume measurements for hippocampus, putamen, thalamus, caudate, pallidum, amygdala, Accumbens area, and cortical regions. FreeSurfer was most reproducible for brainstem. PSTAPLE was the most accurate algorithm in terms of several metrics include Dice's coefficient. The sample size estimates showed that a study utilizing PSTAPLE would require tens to hundreds less subjects than the other algorithms for detecting atrophy rates typically observed in brain disease. CONCLUSIONS PSTAPLE is a useful tool for automatic human brain segmentation due to its precision and accuracy, which enable the detection of the size of the effect typically reported for neurological disorders with a substantially reduced sample size, in comparison to the other tools we assessed. This enables randomized controlled trials to be executed with reduced cost and duration, in turn, facilitating the assessment of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Velasco-Annis
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alireza Akhondi-Asl
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aymeric Stamm
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon K Warfield
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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174
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Veldsman M. Brain Atrophy Estimated from Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Marker of Large-Scale Network-Based Neurodegeneration in Aging and Stroke. Geriatrics (Basel) 2017; 2:geriatrics2040034. [PMID: 31011044 PMCID: PMC6371114 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics2040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain atrophy is a normal part of healthy aging, and stroke appears to have neurodegenerative effects, accelerating this atrophy to pathological levels. The distributed pattern of atrophy in healthy aging suggests that large-scale brain networks may be involved. At the same time, the network wide effects of stroke are beginning to be appreciated. There is now widespread use of network methods to understand the brain in terms of coordinated brain activity or white matter connectivity. Examining brain morphology on a network level presents a powerful method of understanding brain structure and has been successfully applied to charting the course of brain development. This review will introduce recent advances in structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition and analyses that have allowed for reliable and reproducible estimates of atrophy in large-scale brain networks in aging and after stroke. These methods are currently underutilized despite their ease of acquisition and potential to clarify the progression of brain atrophy as a normal part of healthy aging and in the context of stroke. Understanding brain atrophy at the network level may be key to clarifying healthy aging processes and the pathway to neurodegeneration after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Veldsman
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3084, Australia.
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175
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Randall SR, Warton CMR, Holmes MJ, Cotton MF, Laughton B, van der Kouwe AJW, Meintjes EM. Larger Subcortical Gray Matter Structures and Smaller Corpora Callosa at Age 5 Years in HIV Infected Children on Early ART. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:95. [PMID: 29163068 PMCID: PMC5673662 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 90% of HIV infected (HIV+) children. Since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS has transitioned to a chronic condition where central nervous system (CNS) damage may be ongoing. Although, most guidelines recommend early ART to reduce CNS viral reservoirs, the brain may be more vulnerable to potential neurotoxic effects of ART during the rapid development phase in the first years of life. Here we investigate differences in subcortical volumes between 5-year-old HIV+ children who received early ART (before age 18 months) and uninfected children using manual tracing of Magnetic Resonance Images. Participants included 61 Xhosa children (43 HIV+/18 uninfected, mean age = 5.4 ± 0.3 years, 25 male) from the children with HIV early antiretroviral (CHER) trial; 27 children initiated ART before 12 weeks of age (ART-Before12Wks) and 16 after 12 weeks (ART-After12Wks). Structural images were acquired on a 3T Allegra MRI in Cape Town and manually traced using MultiTracer. Volumetric group differences (HIV+ vs. uninfected; ART-Before12Wks vs. ART-After12Wks) were examined for the caudate, nucleus accumbens (NA), putamen (Pu), globus pallidus (GP), and corpus callosum (CC), as well as associations within infected children of structure volumes with age at ART initiation and CD4/CD8 as a proxy for immune health. HIV+ children had significantly larger NA and Pu volumes bilaterally and left GP volumes than controls, whilst CC was smaller. Bilateral Pu was larger in both treatment groups compared to controls, while left GP and bilateral NA were enlarged only in ART-After12Wks children. CC was smaller in both treatment groups compared to controls, and smaller in ART-After12Wks compared to ART-Before12Wks. Within infected children, delayed ART initiation was associated with larger Pu volumes, effects that remained significant when controlling for sex and duration of treatment interruption (left β = 0.447, p = 0.005; right β = 0.325, p = 0.051), and lower CD4/CD8 with larger caudates controlling for sex (left β = -0.471, p = 0.002; right β = -0.440, p = 0.003). Volumetric differences were greater in children who initiated ART after 12 weeks. Results suggest damage is ongoing despite early ART and viral load suppression; however, earlier treatment is neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Randall
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher M. R. Warton
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martha J. Holmes
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark F. Cotton
- Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children's Hospital & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children's Hospital & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre J. W. van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ernesta M. Meintjes
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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176
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Das D, Cherbuin N, Anstey KJ, Abhayaratna W, Easteal S. Regional Brain Volumes and ADHD Symptoms in Middle-Aged Adults: The PATH Through Life Study. J Atten Disord 2017; 21:1073-1086. [PMID: 24567365 DOI: 10.1177/1087054714523316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether volumetric differences in ADHD-associated brain regions are related to current symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity in healthy middle-aged adults and whether co-occurring anxiety/depression symptoms moderate these relationships. METHOD ADHD Self-Report Scale and Brief Patient Health Questionnaire were used to assess current symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, anxiety, and depression in a population-based sample ( n = 269). Brain volumes, measured using a semi-automated method, were analyzed using multiple regression and structural equation modeling to evaluate brain volume-inattention/hyperactivity symptom relationships for selected regions. RESULTS Volumes of the left nucleus accumbens and a region overlapping the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were positively associated with inattention symptoms. Left hippocampal volume was negatively associated with hyperactivity symptoms. The brain volume-inattention/hyperactivity symptom associations were stronger when anxiety/depression symptoms were controlled for. CONCLUSION Inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in middle-aged adults are associated with different brain regions and co-occurring anxiety/depression symptoms moderate these brain-behavior relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Das
- 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | - Walter Abhayaratna
- 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,2 Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Australia
| | - Simon Easteal
- 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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177
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Cortical Thickness and Subcortical Gray Matter Volume in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2423-2433. [PMID: 28436445 PMCID: PMC5645752 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala are implicated in the development of anxiety disorders. However, most structural neuroimaging studies of patients with anxiety disorders utilize adult samples, and the few studies in youths examine small samples, primarily with volume-based measures. This study tested the hypothesis that cortical thickness of PFC regions and gray matter volume of the hippocampus and amygdala differ between pediatric anxiety disorder patients and healthy volunteers (HVs). High-resolution 3-Tesla T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired in 151 youths (75 anxious, 76 HV; ages 8-18). Analyses tested associations of brain structure with anxiety diagnosis and severity across both groups, as well as response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in a subset of 53 patients. Cortical thickness was evaluated both within an a priori PFC mask (small-volume corrected) and using an exploratory whole-brain-corrected (p<0.05) approach. Anxious relative to healthy youths exhibited thicker cortex in the left ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) and left precentral gyrus. Both anxiety diagnosis and symptom severity were associated with smaller right hippocampal volume. In patients, thinner cortex in parietal and occipital cortical regions was associated with worse treatment response. Pediatric anxiety was associated with structural differences in vmPFC and hippocampus, regions implicated in emotional processing and in developmental models of anxiety pathophysiology. Parietal and occipital cortical thickness were related to anxiety treatment response but not baseline anxiety.
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178
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Andreescu C, Tudorascu D, Sheu LK, Rangarajan A, Butters MA, Walker S, Berta R, Desmidt T, Aizenstein H. Brain structural changes in late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017; 268:15-21. [PMID: 28837828 PMCID: PMC5593792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Late-life Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is relatively understudied and the underlying structural and functional neuroanatomy has received little attention. In this study, we compare the brain structural characteristics in white and gray matter in 31 non-anxious older adults and 28 late-life GAD participants. Gray matter indices (cortical thickness and volume) were measured using FreeSurfer parcellation and segmentation, and mean diffusivity was obtained through Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). We assessed both macroscopic white matter changes [using white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden] and microscopic white matter integrity [using fractional anisotropy (FA)]. No differences in macro- or microscopic white matter integrity were found between GAD and non-anxious controls (HC). GAD participants had lower cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inferior frontal gyrus, and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Higher worry severity was associated with gray matter changes in OFC, ACC and the putamen. The results did not survive the multiple comparison correction, but the effect sizes indicate a moderate effect. The study suggests that late-life GAD is associated with gray matter changes in areas involved in emotion regulation, more so than with white matter changes. We conclude that anxiety-related chronic hypercortisolemia may have a dissociative effect on gray and white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Andreescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Dana Tudorascu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Biostatistics Department, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lei K Sheu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anusha Rangarajan
- Bioengineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Meryl A Butters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Berta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Desmidt
- CHU de Tours & INSERM U930 Imagerie et Cerveau, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Howard Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Bioengineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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179
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Chang C, Huang C, Zhou N, Li SX, Ver Hoef L, Gao Y. The bumps under the hippocampus. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:472-490. [PMID: 29058349 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shown in every neuroanatomy textbook, a key morphological feature is the bumpy ridges, which we refer to as hippocampal dentation, on the inferior aspect of the hippocampus. Like the folding of the cerebral cortex, hippocampal dentation allows for greater surface area in a confined space. However, examining numerous approaches to hippocampal segmentation and morphology analysis, virtually all published 3D renderings of the hippocampus show the inferior surface to be quite smooth or mildly irregular; we have rarely seen the characteristic bumpy structure on reconstructed 3D surfaces. The only exception is a 9.4T postmortem study (Yushkevich et al. [2009]: NeuroImage 44:385-398). An apparent question is, does this indicate that this specific morphological signature can only be captured using ultra high-resolution techniques? Or, is such information buried in the data we commonly acquire, awaiting a computation technique that can extract and render it clearly? In this study, we propose an automatic and robust super-resolution technique that captures the fine scale morphometric features of the hippocampus based on common 3T MR images. The method is validated on 9.4T ultra-high field images and then applied on 3T data sets. This method opens possibilities of future research on the hippocampus and other sub-cortical structural morphometry correlating the degree of dentation with a range of diseases including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 39:472-490, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | - Chuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794.,Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | - Naiyun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | - Shawn Xiang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lawrence Ver Hoef
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 312, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294.,Epilepsy center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 312, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
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180
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Altbäcker A, Plózer E, Darnai G, Perlaki G, Horváth R, Orsi G, Nagy SA, Bogner P, Schwarcz A, Kovács N, Komoly S, Clemens Z, Janszky J. Problematic internet use is associated with structural alterations in the brain reward system in females. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:953-959. [PMID: 26399236 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging findings suggest that excessive Internet use shows functional and structural brain changes similar to substance addiction. Even though it is still under debate whether there are gender differences in case of problematic use, previous studies by-passed this question by focusing on males only or by using gender matched approach without controlling for potential gender effects. We designed our study to find out whether there are structural correlates in the brain reward system of problematic Internet use in habitual Internet user females. T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) images were collected in 82 healthy habitual Internet user females. Structural brain measures were investigated using both automated MR volumetry and voxel based morphometry (VBM). Self-reported measures of problematic Internet use and hours spent online were also assessed. According to MR volumetry, problematic Internet use was associated with increased grey matter volume of bilateral putamen and right nucleus accumbens while decreased grey matter volume of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Similarly, VBM analysis revealed a significant negative association between the absolute amount of grey matter OFC and problematic Internet use. Our findings suggest structural brain alterations in the reward system usually related to addictions are present in problematic Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Altbäcker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. .,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Plózer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Darnai
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Perlaki
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.,Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Réka Horváth
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Orsi
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.,Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Anett Nagy
- Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE, Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Schwarcz
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kovács
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sámuel Komoly
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Clemens
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Janszky
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
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181
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Pratt H, Hassanin K, Troughton LD, Czanner G, Zheng Y, McCormick AG, Hamill KJ. UV imaging reveals facial areas that are prone to skin cancer are disproportionately missed during sunscreen application. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185297. [PMID: 28968413 PMCID: PMC5624581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of sunscreen is a widely used mechanism for protecting skin from the harmful effects of UV light. However, protection can only be achieved through effective application, and areas that are routinely missed are likely at increased risk of UV damage. Here we sought to determine if specific areas of the face are missed during routine sunscreen application, and whether provision of public health information is sufficient to improve coverage. To investigate this, 57 participants were imaged with a UV sensitive camera before and after sunscreen application: first visit; minimal pre-instruction, second visit; provided with a public health information statement. Images were scored using a custom automated image analysis process designed to identify areas of high UV reflectance, i.e. missed during sunscreen application, and analysed for 5% significance. Analyses revealed eyelid and periorbital regions to be disproportionately missed during routine sunscreen application (median 14% missed in eyelid region vs 7% in rest of face, p<0.01). Provision of health information caused a significant improvement in coverage to eyelid areas in general however, the medial canthal area was still frequently missed. These data reveal that a public health announcement-type intervention could be effective at improving coverage of high risk areas of the face, however high risk areas are likely to remain unprotected therefore other mechanisms of sun protection should be widely promoted such as UV blocking sunglasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Pratt
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kareem Hassanin
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee D. Troughton
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Czanner
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yalin Zheng
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Austin G. McCormick
- Department of Opthalmology, Aintree University Teaching hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Hamill
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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182
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Knight LK, Naaz F, Stoica T, Depue BE. Lifetime PTSD and geriatric depression symptomatology relate to altered dorsomedial frontal and amygdala morphometry. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 267:59-68. [PMID: 28763718 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects a large portion of combat deployed Veterans. Moreover, many individuals also suffer from comorbid late life depression (geriatric depression; GD). While a great deal of research has begun to characterize the morphometric features of PTSD and depression individually, few studies have investigated the interacting effect of these two disorders, specifically in a Veteran population. The current study used cortical and subcortical surface-based morphometry (SBM) in combination with psychological assessments of PTSD and GD symptom severity to examine morphometric alterations in Vietnam War Veterans. Our results indicated that increased GD severity, PTSD symptomatology, and their interaction, was related to decreased grey matter volume (GMV) in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Furthermore, increased symptomatology in the PTSD subscales of reexperiencing and hyperarousal were additionally found to be related to decreased GMV in this same dmPFC region. Subcortically, the interacting effect between PTSD and GD was also significantly related to regional shape variation in the left amygdala. These results suggest that morphometry of cortical (dmPFC) and non-neocortical regions (amygdala) putatively underlying emotional reactivity and the emotional components of memory is altered in PTSD and GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Knight
- Interdisciplinary Program in Translational Neuroscience, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Farah Naaz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Teodora Stoica
- Interdisciplinary Program in Translational Neuroscience, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Brendan E Depue
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, USA.
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183
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Hayes JP, Reagan A, Logue MW, Hayes SM, Sadeh N, Miller DR, Verfaellie M, Wolf EJ, McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Stone A, Schichman SA, Miller MW. BDNF genotype is associated with hippocampal volume in mild traumatic brain injury. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:107-117. [PMID: 28755387 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The negative long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have been a growing concern in recent years, with accumulating evidence suggesting that mTBI combined with additional vulnerability factors may induce neurodegenerative-type changes in the brain. However, the factors instantiating risk for neurodegenerative disease following mTBI are unknown. This study examined the link between mTBI and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype, which has previously been shown to regulate processes involved in neurodegeneration including synaptic plasticity and facilitation of neural survival through its expression. Specifically, we examined nine BDNF single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs908867, rs11030094, rs6265, rs10501087, rs1157659, rs1491850, rs11030107, rs7127507 and rs12273363) previously associated with brain atrophy or memory deficits in mTBI. Participants were 165 white, non-Hispanic Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans between the ages of 19 and 58, 110 of whom had at least one mTBI in their lifetime. Results showed that the BDNF SNP rs1157659 interacted with mTBI to predict hippocampal volume. Furthermore, exploratory analysis of functional resting state data showed that rs1157659 minor allele homozygotes with a history of mTBI had reduced functional connectivity in the default mode network compared to major allele homozygotes and heterozygotes. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) was not a significant predictor of hippocampal volume or functional connectivity. These results suggest that rs1157659 minor allele homozygotes may be at greater risk for neurodegeneration after exposure to mTBI and provide further evidence for a potential role for BDNF in regulating neural processes following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hayes
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Reagan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Sadeh
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - D R Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Verfaellie
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R E McGlinchey
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W P Milberg
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S A Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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184
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Janiri D, Sani G, Rossi PD, Piras F, Iorio M, Banaj N, Giuseppin G, Spinazzola E, Maggiora M, Ambrosi E, Simonetti A, Spalletta G. Amygdala and hippocampus volumes are differently affected by childhood trauma in patients with bipolar disorders and healthy controls. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:353-362. [PMID: 28699182 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Volumetric studies on deep gray matter structures in bipolar disorder (BP) have reported contrasting results. Childhood trauma, a relevant environmental stressor for BP, could account for the variability of the results, modulating differences in the amygdala and hippocampus in patients with BP compared with healthy controls (HC). Our study aimed to test this hypothesis. METHODS We assessed 105 outpatients, diagnosed with bipolar disorder type I (BP-I) or bipolar disorder type II (BP-II) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, and 113 HC subjects. History of childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all subjects and volumes of the amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen, and thalamus were measured using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Patients with BP showed a global reduction of deep gray matter volumes compared to HCs. However, childhood trauma modulated the impact of the diagnosis specifically on the amygdala and hippocampus. Childhood trauma was associated with bilateral decreased volumes in HCs and increased volumes in patients with BP. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that childhood trauma may have a different effect in health and disease on volumes of gray matter in the amygdala and hippocampus, which are brain areas specifically involved in response to stress and emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Janiri
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.,Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pietro De Rossi
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy.,Museo storico della fisica e Centro studi e ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Iorio
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Giuseppin
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Spinazzola
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Maggiora
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Ambrosi
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessio Simonetti
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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185
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Vijayakumar N, Allen NB, Dennison M, Byrne ML, Simmons JG, Whittle S. Cortico-amygdalar maturational coupling is associated with depressive symptom trajectories during adolescence. Neuroimage 2017; 156:403-411. [PMID: 28549797 PMCID: PMC5554433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is characterized by increasing prevalence of depressive symptomatology, along with significant structural brain development. While much research has examined focal abnormalities in gray matter structure underlying depression, we employed a structural coupling approach to examine whether longitudinal associations between amygdala and cortical development (referred to as maturational coupling) was related to concurrent changes in depressive symptomatology during adolescence. METHOD 166 participants underwent up to three MRI scans (367 scans) between 11 and 20 years of age. Depressive symptoms were measured at three coinciding time points using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale. Linear mixed models were employed to identify whether change in amygdala volume was related to development of cortical thickness, and if maturational coupling of these regions was related to changes in depressive symptomatology. RESULTS Positive maturational coupling was identified between the right amygdala and (predominantly anterior) prefrontal cortex, as well as parts of the temporal cortices. Greater positive coupling of these regions was associated with reductions in depressive symptoms over time. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight significant associations between cortico-amygdalar maturational coupling and the emergence of depressive symptoms during adolescence, suggesting that synchronous development of these regions might support more adaptive affect regulation and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meg Dennison
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle L Byrne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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186
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Amygdala Volume Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Related to Anxiety. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:3682-3691. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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187
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Suffren S, Angulo D, Ding Y, Reyes P, Marin J, Hernandez JT, Charpak N, Lodygensky GA. Long-term attention deficits combined with subcortical and cortical structural central nervous system alterations in young adults born small for gestational age. Early Hum Dev 2017; 110:44-49. [PMID: 28544954 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being born small for gestational age has been associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities and smaller gray matter volumes in childhood. However, it is not known if these changes persist in adults and whether SGA has any impact on attention memory and IQ. AIMS The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between birth weight and gray matter anatomy in adults born small for gestational age at term, in relation to IQ, attention and memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective follow-up study at age 20 included 39 adults born small for gestational age at term and 37 adults born appropriate for gestational age at term. Detailed neurocognitive skills were assessed (IQ, attention and memory). Anatomical images were analyzed using Voxel-Based-Morphometry and FreeSurfer. RESULTS Adults born small for gestational age at term had lower performances in subtests assessing attention and executive functions. They also showed smaller total intracranial volume; smaller volumes and surface areas in the frontal lobe, inferior/middle parietal and temporal gyrus; smaller cerebellum, thalamus and basal ganglia volumes. Interestingly, all these structures correlated with attention subtests. CONCLUSION These results highlight the persistent effects of being born small for gestational age on attention and associated brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Suffren
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, 3175, Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Diego Angulo
- ImExHS, Imex-Research, Calle 93 # 16 - 46, Of 502, Edificio Zen Office, Bogotá, Colombia; Kangaroo Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia; IMAGINE, Systems and Computing Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yang Ding
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, 3175, Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Pablo Reyes
- Kangaroo Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia; Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Marin
- Fundación Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jose T Hernandez
- IMAGINE, Systems and Computing Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Gregory A Lodygensky
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, 3175, Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Montreal, C.P.6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C3J7, Canada.
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188
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Schriber RA, Anbari Z, Robins RW, Conger RD, Hastings PD, Guyer AE. Hippocampal volume as an amplifier of the effect of social context on adolescent depression. Clin Psychol Sci 2017; 5:632-649. [PMID: 28740744 PMCID: PMC5521202 DOI: 10.1177/2167702617699277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent models have focused on how brain-based individual differences in social sensitivity shape affective development in adolescence, when rates of depression escalate. Given the importance of the hippocampus in binding contextual and affective elements of experience, as well as its putative role in depression, we examined hippocampal volume as a moderator of the effects of social context on depressive symptoms in a sample of 209 Mexican-origin adolescents. Adolescents with larger versus smaller hippocampal volumes showed heightened sensitivity in their depressive symptoms to a protective factor inside the home (sense of family connectedness) and a risk factor outside of it (community crime exposure). These interactive effects uniquely predicted depressive symptoms and were greater for the left side, suggesting two independent social-contextual contributions to depression that were moderated by left hippocampal volume. Results elucidate complex brain-environment interplay in adolescent depression, offering clues about for whom and how social context plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zainab Anbari
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA
| | | | - Rand D. Conger
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Amanda E. Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA
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189
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Unraveling the Role of the Hippocampus in Reversal Learning. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6686-6697. [PMID: 28592695 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3212-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in reversal learning has mainly focused on the functional role of dopamine and striatal structures in driving behavior on the basis of classic reinforcement learning mechanisms. However, recent evidence indicates that, beyond classic reinforcement learning adaptations, individuals may also learn the inherent task structure and anticipate the occurrence of reversals. A candidate structure to support such task representation is the hippocampus, which might create a flexible representation of the environment that can be adaptively applied to goal-directed behavior. To investigate the functional role of the hippocampus in the implementation of anticipatory strategies in reversal learning, we first studied, in 20 healthy individuals (11 women), whether the gray matter anatomy and volume of the hippocampus were related to anticipatory strategies in a reversal learning task. Second, we tested 20 refractory temporal lobe epileptic patients (11 women) with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis, who served as a hippocampal lesion model. Our results indicate that healthy participants were able to learn the task structure and use it to guide their behavior and optimize their performance. Participants' ability to adopt anticipatory strategies correlated with the gray matter volume of the hippocampus. In contrast, hippocampal patients were unable to grasp the higher-order structure of the task with the same success than controls. Present results indicate that the hippocampus is necessary to respond in an appropriately flexible manner to high-order environments, and disruptions in this structure can render behavior habitual and inflexible.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the neural substrates involved in reversal learning has provoked a great deal of interest in the last years. Studies with nonhuman primates have shown that, through repetition, individuals are able to anticipate the occurrence of reversals and, thus, adjust their behavior accordingly. The present investigation is devoted to know the role of the hippocampus in such strategies. Importantly, our findings evidence that the hippocampus is necessary to anticipate the occurrence of reversals, and disruptions in this structure can render behavior habitual and inflexible.
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190
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Madan CR, Kensinger EA. Test-retest reliability of brain morphology estimates. Brain Inform 2017; 4:107-121. [PMID: 28054317 PMCID: PMC5413592 DOI: 10.1007/s40708-016-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metrics of brain morphology are increasingly being used to examine inter-individual differences, making it important to evaluate the reliability of these structural measures. Here we used two open-access datasets to assess the intersession reliability of three cortical measures (thickness, gyrification, and fractal dimensionality) and two subcortical measures (volume and fractal dimensionality). Reliability was generally good, particularly with the gyrification and fractal dimensionality measures. One dataset used a sequence previously optimized for brain morphology analyses and had particularly high reliability. Examining the reliability of morphological measures is critical before the measures can be validly used to investigate inter-individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Madan
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, McGuinn 300, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Kensinger
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, McGuinn 300, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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191
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Comparison of accuracy between FSL's FIRST and Freesurfer for caudate nucleus and putamen segmentation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2418. [PMID: 28546533 PMCID: PMC5445091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several methods have been developed to automatically delineate subcortical gray matter structures from MR images, the accuracy of these algorithms has not been comprehensively examined. Most of earlier studies focused primarily on the hippocampus. Here, we assessed the accuracy of two widely used non-commercial programs (FSL-FIRST and Freesurfer) for segmenting the caudate and putamen. T1-weighted 1 mm3 isotropic resolution MR images were acquired for thirty healthy subjects (15 females). Caudate nucleus and putamen were segmented manually by two independent observers and automatically by FIRST and Freesurfer (v4.5 and v5.3). Utilizing manual labels as reference standard the following measures were studied: Dice coefficient (D), percentage volume difference (PVD), absolute volume difference as well as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for consistency and absolute agreement. For putamen segmentation, FIRST achieved higher D, lower PVD and higher ICC for absolute agreement with manual tracing than either version of Freesurfer. Freesurfer overestimated the putamen, while FIRST was not statistically different from manual tracing. The ICC for consistency with manual tracing was similar between the two methods. For caudate segmentation, FIRST and Freesurfer performed more similarly. In conclusion, Freesurfer and FIRST are not equivalent when comparing to manual tracing. FIRST was superior for putaminal segmentation.
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192
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Yu Q, Daugherty AM, Anderson DM, Nishimura M, Brush D, Hardwick A, Lacey W, Raz S, Ofen N. Socioeconomic status and hippocampal volume in children and young adults. Dev Sci 2017; 21:e12561. [PMID: 28464381 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An individual's socioeconomic status (SES) is often viewed as a proxy for a host of environmental influences. SES disparities have been linked to variance in brain structures particularly the hippocampus, a neural substrate of learning and memory. However, it is unclear whether the association between SES and hippocampal volume is similar in children and adults. We investigated the relationship between hippocampal volume and SES in a group of children (n = 31, age 8-12 years) and a group of young adults (n = 32, age 18-25 years). SES was assessed with four indicators that loaded on a single factor, therefore a composite SES scores was used in the main analyses. Hippocampal volume was measured using manual demarcation on high resolution structural images. SES was associated with hippocampal volume in the children, but not in adults, suggesting that in childhood, but not adulthood, SES-related environmental factors influence hippocampal volume. In addition, hippocampal volume, but not SES, was associated with scores on a memory task, suggesting that net effects of postnatal environmental factors, captured by SES, are more distal determinants of memory performance than hippocampal volume. Longitudinal investigation of the association between SES, hippocampal volume and cognitive functioning may further our understanding of the putative neural mechanisms underlying SES-related environmental effects on cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Yu
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dana M Anderson
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Mayu Nishimura
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - David Brush
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Amanda Hardwick
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - William Lacey
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sarah Raz
- Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,The Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Noa Ofen
- The Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,The Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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Roalf DR, Quarmley M, Calkins ME, Satterthwaite TD, Ruparel K, Elliott MA, Moore TM, Gur RC, Gur RE, Moberg PJ, Turetsky BI. Temporal Lobe Volume Decrements in Psychosis Spectrum Youths. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:601-610. [PMID: 27559077 PMCID: PMC5463880 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Structural brain abnormalities have been amply demonstrated in schizophrenia. These include volume decrements in the perirhinal/entorhinal regions of the ventromedial temporal lobe, which comprise the primary olfactory cortex. Olfactory impairments, which are a hallmark of schizophrenia, precede the onset of illness, distinguish adolescents experiencing prodromal symptoms from healthy youths, and may predict the transition from the prodrome to frank psychosis. We therefore examined temporal lobe regional volumes in a large adolescent sample to determine if structural deficits in ventromedial temporal lobe areas were associated, not only with schizophrenia, but also with a heightened risk for psychosis. Seven temporal lobe regional volumes (amygdala [AM], hippocampus, inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, temporal pole, and entorhinal cortex [EC]) were measured in 386 psychosis spectrum adolescents, 521 adolescents with other types of psychopathology, and 359 healthy adolescents from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopment Cohort. Total intracranial and left EC volumes, which were both smallest among the psychosis spectrum, were the only measures that distinguished all 3 groups. Left AM was also smaller in psychosis spectrum compared with healthy subjects. EC volume decrement was strongly correlated with impaired cognition and less robustly associated with heightened negative/disorganized symptoms. AM volume decrement correlated with positive symptoms (persecution/special abilities). Temporal lobe volumes classified psychosis spectrum youths with very high specificity but relatively low sensitivity. These MRI measures may therefore serve as important confirmatory biomarkers denoting a worrisome preclinical trajectory among at-risk youths, and the specific pattern of deficits may predict specific symptom profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Megan Quarmley
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark A. Elliott
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul J. Moberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;,Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce I. Turetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;,Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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194
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Zandifar A, Fonov V, Coupé P, Pruessner J, Collins DL. A comparison of accurate automatic hippocampal segmentation methods. Neuroimage 2017; 155:383-393. [PMID: 28404458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). While many automatic methods for hippocampal segmentation exist, few studies have compared them on the same data. In this study, we compare four fully automated hippocampal segmentation methods in terms of their conformity with manual segmentation and their ability to be used as an AD biomarker in clinical settings. We also apply error correction to the four automatic segmentation methods, and complete a comprehensive validation to investigate differences between the methods. The effect size and classification performance is measured for AD versus normal control (NC) groups and for stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) versus progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) groups. Our study shows that the nonlinear patch-based segmentation method with error correction is the most accurate automatic segmentation method and yields the most conformity with manual segmentation (κ=0.894). The largest effect size between AD versus NC and sMCI versus pMCI is produced by FreeSurfer with error correction. We further show that, using only hippocampal volume, age, and sex as features, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve reaches up to 0.8813 for AD versus NC and 0.6451 for sMCI versus pMCI. However, the automatic segmentation methods are not significantly different in their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Zandifar
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vladimir Fonov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierrick Coupé
- Univ. Bordeaux, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Jens Pruessner
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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195
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Aghamohammadi-Sereshki A, Huang Y, Olsen F, Malykhin NV. In vivo quantification of amygdala subnuclei using 4.7 T fast spin echo imaging. Neuroimage 2017; 170:151-163. [PMID: 28288907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala (AG) is an almond-shaped heterogeneous structure located in the medial temporal lobe. The majority of previous structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) volumetric methods for AG measurement have so far only been able to examine this region as a whole. In order to understand the role of the AG in different neuropsychiatric disorders, it is necessary to understand the functional role of its subnuclei. The main goal of the present study was to develop a reliable volumetric method to delineate major AG subnuclei groups using ultra-high resolution high field MRI. 38 healthy volunteers (15 males and 23 females, 21-60 years of age) without any history of medical or neuropsychiatric disorders were recruited for this study. Structural MRI datasets were acquired at 4.7 T Varian Inova MRI system using a fast spin echo (FSE) sequence. The AG was manually segmented into its five major anatomical subdivisions: lateral (La), basal (B), accessory basal (AB) nuclei, and cortical (Co) and centromedial (CeM) groups. Inter-(intra-) rater reliability of our novel volumetric method was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dice's Kappa. Our results suggest that reliable measurements of the AG subnuclei can be obtained by image analysts with experience in AG anatomy. We provided a step-by-step segmentation protocol and reported absolute and relative volumes for the AG subnuclei. Our results showed that the basolateral (BLA) complex occupies seventy-eight percent of the total AG volume, while CeM and Co groups occupy twenty-two percent of the total AG volume. Finally, we observed no hemispheric effects and no gender differences in the total AG volume and the volumes of its subnuclei. Future applications of this method will help to understand the selective vulnerability of the AG subnuclei in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fraser Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikolai V Malykhin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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196
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Martins C, Moreira da Silva N, Silva G, Rozanski VE, Silva Cunha JP. Automated volumetry for unilateral hippocampal sclerosis detection in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:6339-6342. [PMID: 28269699 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7592178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most common cause of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and can be identified in magnetic resonance imaging as hippocampal atrophy and subsequent volume loss. Detecting this kind of abnormalities through simple radiological assessment could be difficult, even for experienced radiologists. For that reason, hippocampal volumetry is generally used to support this kind of diagnosis. Manual volumetry is the traditional approach but it is time consuming and requires the physician to be familiar with neuroimaging software tools. In this paper, we propose an automated method, written as a script that uses FSL-FIRST, to perform hippocampal segmentation and compute an index to quantify hippocampi asymmetry (HAI). We compared the automated detection of HS (left or right) based on the HAI with the agreement of two experts in a group of 19 patients and 15 controls, achieving 84.2% sensitivity, 86.7% specificity and a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.704. The proposed method is integrated in the "Advanced Brain Imaging Lab" (ABrIL) cloud neurocomputing platform. The automated procedure is 77% (on average) faster to compute vs. the manual volumetry segmentation performed by an experienced physician.
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197
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Amygdala enlargement: Temporal lobe epilepsy subtype or nonspecific finding? Epilepsy Res 2017; 132:34-40. [PMID: 28284051 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amygdala enlargement (AE) is observed in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which has led to the suggestion that it represents a distinct TLE subtype; however, it is unclear whether AE is found at similar rates in other epilepsy syndromes or in healthy controls, which would limit its value as a marker for focal epileptogenicity. METHODS We compared rates of AE, defined quantitatively from high-resolution T1-weighted MRI, in a large multi-site sample of 136 patients with nonlesional localization related epilepsy (LRE), including TLE and extratemporal (exTLE) focal epilepsy, 34 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), and 233 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS AE was found in all groups including HCs; however, the rate of AE was higher in LRE (18.4%) than in IGE (5.9%) and HCs (6.4%). Patients with unilateral LRE were further evaluated to compare rates of concordant ipsilateral AE in TLE and exTLE, with the hypothesis that rates of ipsilateral AE would be higher in TLE. Although ipsilateral AE was higher in TLE (19.4%) than exTLE (10.5%), this difference was not significant. Furthermore, among the 25 patients with unilateral LRE and AE, 13 (52%) had either bilateral AE or AE contralateral to seizure onset. CONCLUSION Results suggest that AE, as defined with MRI volumetry, may represent an associated feature of nonlesional localization related epilepsy with limited seizure onset localization value.
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198
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Kloefkorn HE, Pettengill TR, Turner SMF, Streeter KA, Gonzalez-Rothi EJ, Fuller DD, Allen KD. Automated Gait Analysis Through Hues and Areas (AGATHA): A Method to Characterize the Spatiotemporal Pattern of Rat Gait. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:711-725. [PMID: 27554674 PMCID: PMC5323432 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While rodent gait analysis can quantify the behavioral consequences of disease, significant methodological differences exist between analysis platforms and little validation has been performed to understand or mitigate these sources of variance. By providing the algorithms used to quantify gait, open-source gait analysis software can be validated and used to explore methodological differences. Our group is introducing, for the first time, a fully-automated, open-source method for the characterization of rodent spatiotemporal gait patterns, termed Automated Gait Analysis Through Hues and Areas (AGATHA). This study describes how AGATHA identifies gait events, validates AGATHA relative to manual digitization methods, and utilizes AGATHA to detect gait compensations in orthopaedic and spinal cord injury models. To validate AGATHA against manual digitization, results from videos of rodent gait, recorded at 1000 frames per second (fps), were compared. To assess one common source of variance (the effects of video frame rate), these 1000 fps videos were re-sampled to mimic several lower fps and compared again. While spatial variables were indistinguishable between AGATHA and manual digitization, low video frame rates resulted in temporal errors for both methods. At frame rates over 125 fps, AGATHA achieved a comparable accuracy and precision to manual digitization for all gait variables. Moreover, AGATHA detected unique gait changes in each injury model. These data demonstrate AGATHA is an accurate and precise platform for the analysis of rodent spatiotemporal gait patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi E Kloefkorn
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Travis R Pettengill
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sara M F Turner
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristi A Streeter
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - David D Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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199
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Hayes JP, Logue MW, Reagan A, Salat D, Wolf EJ, Sadeh N, Spielberg JM, Sperbeck E, Hayes SM, McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Verfaellie M, Stone A, Schichman SA, Miller MW. COMT Val158Met polymorphism moderates the association between PTSD symptom severity and hippocampal volume. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:95-102. [PMID: 28234210 PMCID: PMC5373706 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory-based alterations are among the hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may be associated with the integrity of the hippocampus. However, neuroimaging studies of hippocampal volume in individuals with PTSD have yielded inconsistent results, raising the possibility that various moderators, such as genetic factors, may influence this association. We examined whether the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism, which has previously been shown to be associated with hippocampal volume in healthy individuals, moderates the association between PTSD and hippocampal volume. METHODS Recent war veterans underwent structural MRI on a 3 T scanner. We extracted volumes of the right and left hippocampus using FreeSurfer and adjusted them for individual differences in intracranial volume. We assessed PTSD severity using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Hierarchical linear regression was used to model the genotype (Val158Met polymorphism) × PTSD severity interaction and its association with hippocampal volume. RESULTS We included 146 white, non-Hispanic recent war veterans (90% male, 53% with diagnosed PTSD) in our analyses. A significant genotype × PTSD symptom severity interaction emerged such that individuals with greater current PTSD symptom severity who were homozygous for the Val allele showed significant reductions in left hippocampal volume. LIMITATIONS The direction of proposed effects is unknown, thus precluding definitive assessment of whether differences in hippocampal volume reflect a consequence of PTSD, a pre-existing characteristic, or both. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the COMT polymorphism moderates the association between PTSD and hippocampal volume. These results highlight the role that the dopaminergic system has in brain structure and suggest a possible mechanism for memory disturbance in individuals with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet P. Hayes
- Correspondence to: J.P. Hayes, National Center for PTSD (116B-2), VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave., Boston MA 02130;
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Wolf D, Bocchetta M, Preboske GM, Boccardi M, Grothe MJ. Reference standard space hippocampus labels according to the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium-Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative harmonized protocol: Utility in automated volumetry. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:893-902. [PMID: 28238738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A harmonized protocol (HarP) for manual hippocampal segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been developed by an international European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium-Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative project. We aimed at providing consensual certified HarP hippocampal labels in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard space to serve as reference in automated image analyses. METHODS Manual HarP tracings on the high-resolution MNI152 standard space template of four expert certified HarP tracers were combined to obtain consensual bilateral hippocampus labels. Utility and validity of these reference labels is demonstrated in a simple atlas-based morphometry approach for automated calculation of HarP-compliant hippocampal volumes within SPM software. RESULTS Individual tracings showed very high agreement among the four expert tracers (pairwise Jaccard indices 0.82-0.87). Automatically calculated hippocampal volumes were highly correlated (rL/R = 0.89/0.91) with gold standard volumes in the HarP benchmark data set (N = 135 MRIs), with a mean volume difference of 9% (standard deviation 7%). CONCLUSION The consensual HarP hippocampus labels in the MNI152 template can serve as a reference standard for automated image analyses involving MNI standard space normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Marina Boccardi
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel J Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Clinical Dementia Research Group, Rostock, Germany.
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