151
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Gutti G, Kakarla R, Kumar D, Beohar M, Ganeshpurkar A, Kumar A, Krishnamurthy S, Singh SK. Discovery of novel series of 2-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-5-amine derivatives as multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111613. [PMID: 31437780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with multifactorial neuropathological conditions, which include cholinergic deficit, amyloid-beta plaques formation, loss of neuronal plasticity and neuronal death. Treating such multifactorial conditions with a single target directed approach is considered to be inadequate. Accordingly, multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) strategy has been evolved as an auspicious approach for the treatment of AD. In light of that, a library of 2-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-5-amine derivatives (29-39; 86-107) was designed using the scaffold hopping guided MTDLs strategy, synthesized and evaluated through various in-vitro and in-vivo biological studies. The optimal compound 92 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against AChE (IC50 = 0.052 ± 0.010 μM), BuChE (IC50 = 1.085 ± 0.035 μM), and significant amyloid-beta aggregation (20 μM) inhibition. The compound possessed better blood-brain barrier permeability (Pe = 10.80 ± 0.055 × 10-6 cm s-1) in PAMPA assay and neuro protective properties (40 μM) on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, in-vivo behavioural studies were performed on Y-maze test (scopolamine-induced amnesia model) and Morris water maze test (Aβ1-42 induced ICV rat model). The compound 92, at a dose of 10 mg/kg oral administration, demonstrated a substantial improvement of the cognitive and special memory impairment. In summary, both in-vitro and in-vivo investigations evidenced that compound 92 was a potential lead for the discovery of safe and effective disease-modifying agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopichand Gutti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ramakrishna Kakarla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mahima Beohar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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152
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Miranda M, Morici JF, Zanoni MB, Bekinschtein P. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Key Molecule for Memory in the Healthy and the Pathological Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:363. [PMID: 31440144 PMCID: PMC6692714 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 689] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key molecule involved in plastic changes related to learning and memory. The expression of BDNF is highly regulated, and can lead to great variability in BDNF levels in healthy subjects. Changes in BDNF expression are associated with both normal and pathological aging and also psychiatric disease, in particular in structures important for memory processes such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal areas. Some interventions like exercise or antidepressant administration enhance the expression of BDNF in normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we will describe studies from rodents and humans to bring together research on how BDNF expression is regulated, how this expression changes in the pathological brain and also exciting work on how interventions known to enhance this neurotrophin could have clinical relevance. We propose that, although BDNF may not be a valid biomarker for neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric diseases because of its disregulation common to many pathological conditions, it could be thought of as a marker that specifically relates to the occurrence and/or progression of the mnemonic symptoms that are common to many pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Miranda
- Laboratory of Memory Research and Molecular Cognition, Institute for Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Facundo Morici
- Laboratory of Memory Research and Molecular Cognition, Institute for Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Zanoni
- Laboratory of Memory Research and Molecular Cognition, Institute for Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Bekinschtein
- Laboratory of Memory Research and Molecular Cognition, Institute for Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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153
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Gonçalves FQ, Lopes JP, Silva HB, Lemos C, Silva AC, Gonçalves N, Tomé ÂR, Ferreira SG, Canas PM, Rial D, Agostinho P, Cunha RA. Synaptic and memory dysfunction in a β-amyloid model of early Alzheimer's disease depends on increased formation of ATP-derived extracellular adenosine. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104570. [PMID: 31394204 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) overfunction causes synaptic and memory dysfunction in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a β-amyloid (Aβ1-42)-based model of early AD, we now unraveled that this involves an increased synaptic release of ATP coupled to an increased density and activity of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated formation of adenosine selectively activating A2AR. Thus, CD73 inhibition with α,β-methylene-ADP impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) in mouse hippocampal slices, which is occluded upon previous superfusion with the A2AR antagonist SCH58261. Furthermore, α,β-methylene-ADP did not alter LTP amplitude in global A2AR knockout (KO) and in forebrain neuron-selective A2AR-KO mice, but inhibited LTP amplitude in astrocyte-selective A2AR-KO mice; this shows that CD73-derived adenosine solely acts on neuronal A2AR. In agreement with the concept that ATP is a danger signal in the brain, ATP release from nerve terminals is increased after intracerebroventricular Aβ1-42 administration, together with CD73 and A2AR upregulation in hippocampal synapses. Importantly, this increased CD73 activity is critically required for Aβ1-42 to impair synaptic plasticity and memory since Aβ1-42-induced synaptic and memory deficits were eliminated in CD73-KO mice. These observations establish a key regulatory role of CD73 activity over neuronal A2AR and imply CD73 as a novel target for modulation of early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João P Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António C Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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154
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Masmudi-Martín M, Navarro-Lobato I, López-Aranda MF, Delgado G, Martín-Montañez E, Quiros-Ortega ME, Carretero-Rey M, Narváez L, Garcia-Garrido MF, Posadas S, López-Téllez JF, Blanco E, Jiménez-Recuerda I, Granados-Durán P, Paez-Rueda J, López JC, Khan ZU. RGS14 414 treatment induces memory enhancement and rescues episodic memory deficits. FASEB J 2019; 33:11804-11820. [PMID: 31365833 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900429rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Memory deficits affect a large proportion of the human population and are associated with aging and many neurologic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. Treatment of this mental disorder has been disappointing because all potential candidates studied thus far have failed to produce consistent effects across various types of memory and have shown limited to no effects on memory deficits. Here, we show that the promotion of neuronal arborization through the expression of the regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14414) not only induced robust enhancement of multiple types of memory but was also sufficient for the recovery of recognition, spatial, and temporal memory, which are kinds of episodic memory that are primarily affected in patients or individuals with memory dysfunction. We observed that a surge in neuronal arborization was mediated by up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling and that the deletion of BDNF abrogated both neuronal arborization activation and memory enhancement. The activation of BDNF-dependent neuronal arborization generated almost 2-fold increases in synapse numbers in dendrites of pyramidal neurons and in neurites of nonpyramidal neurons. This increase in synaptic connections might have evoked reorganization within neuronal circuits and eventually supported an increase in the activity of such circuits. Thus, in addition to showing the potential of RGS14414 for rescuing memory deficits, our results suggest that a boost in circuit activity could facilitate memory enhancement and the reversal of memory deficits.-Masmudi-Martín, M., Navarro-Lobato, I., López-Aranda, M. F., Delgado, G., Martín-Montañez, E., Quiros-Ortega, M. E., Carretero-Rey, M., Narváez, L., Garcia-Garrido, M. F., Posadas, S., López-Téllez, J. F., Blanco, E., Jiménez-Recuerda, I., Granados-Durán, P., Paez-Rueda, J., López, J. C., Khan, Z. U. RGS14414 treatment induces memory enhancement and rescues episodic memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Masmudi-Martín
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Irene Navarro-Lobato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel F López-Aranda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gloria Delgado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Elisa Martín-Montañez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Teatinos, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria E Quiros-Ortega
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero-Rey
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Lucía Narváez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Garrido
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Sinforiano Posadas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan F López-Téllez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jiménez-Recuerda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Granados-Durán
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Paez-Rueda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan C López
- Animal Behavior and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Zafar U Khan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitaria (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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155
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Owen MC, Gnutt D, Gao M, Wärmländer SKTS, Jarvet J, Gräslund A, Winter R, Ebbinghaus S, Strodel B. Effects of in vivo conditions on amyloid aggregation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3946-3996. [PMID: 31192324 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the grand challenges of biophysical chemistry is to understand the principles that govern protein misfolding and aggregation, which is a highly complex process that is sensitive to initial conditions, operates on a huge range of length- and timescales, and has products that range from protein dimers to macroscopic amyloid fibrils. Aberrant aggregation is associated with more than 25 diseases, which include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and type II diabetes. Amyloid aggregation has been extensively studied in the test tube, therefore under conditions that are far from physiological relevance. Hence, there is dire need to extend these investigations to in vivo conditions where amyloid formation is affected by a myriad of biochemical interactions. As a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, these interactions need to be understood in detail to develop novel therapeutic interventions, as millions of people globally suffer from neurodegenerative disorders and type II diabetes. The aim of this review is to document the progress in the research on amyloid formation from a physicochemical perspective with a special focus on the physiological factors influencing the aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide, the islet amyloid polypeptide, α-synuclein, and the hungingtin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Owen
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Gnutt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Lead Discovery Wuppertal, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mimi Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 42525 Jülich, Germany. and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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156
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Qiu K, Zhang X, Wang S, Li C, Wang X, Li X, Wu Y. TMP21 in Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and a Potential Target. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:328. [PMID: 31379512 PMCID: PMC6651510 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, which is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. Neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss are the major neuropathological hallmarks in AD brains. TMP21 is a key molecule for protein trafficking in cells. Growing evidence indicates that TMP21 is dysregulated in AD, which plays a pivotal role in neuritic plaque formation. Therefore, we aim to review the dysregulation of TMP21 in AD, the role of TMP21 in neuritic plaque formation and underlying mechanisms. Moreover, the potential role of TMP21 in neurofibrillary tangle formation, synaptic impairment and neuronal loss is discussed. It will provide an outlook into the potential of regulating TMP21 as a therapeutic approach for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Qiu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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157
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Feng D, Huang A, Yan W, Chen D. CD200 dysfunction in neuron contributes to synaptic deficits and cognitive impairment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:1053-1059. [PMID: 31277944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal CD200 plays critical role in neuron-microglia communication and negatively related to pathological development of Alzheimer's disease, but its contribution retroacts to synaptic function is still not clear. Here, we directly injected adeno-associated virus into hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice to induce neuron-specific CD200 overexpression; subsequently, we detected cognition function, synaptic function, and the microglial responses during AD pathological development. Notably, specific upregulation of neuronal CD200 promoted cognitive function by inhibiting microglial activation and secretion, improving synaptic function, and preventing synaptic loss. To further investigate the role of neuronal CD200 on synaptic function, we depressed CD200 expression in neuron by hippocampal AAV injection and also evaluated microglial activation and cognitive and synaptic function. Interestingly, data revealed that neuronal CD200 deficiency significantly impairs synaptic and cognitive function. Taken these results together, we concluded that neuronal CD200 mediated microglial response and synaptic function during AD pathological development, and provided evidence that neuronal CD200 restoration ameliorates synaptic and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Feng
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 252000
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 252000
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 252000.
| | - Dezhe Chen
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 252000
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158
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Göttler J, Preibisch C, Riederer I, Pasquini L, Alexopoulos P, Bohn KP, Yakushev I, Beller E, Kaczmarz S, Zimmer C, Grimmer T, Drzezga A, Sorg C. Reduced blood oxygenation level dependent connectivity is related to hypoperfusion in Alzheimer's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1314-1325. [PMID: 29431005 PMCID: PMC6668525 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18759182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Functional connectivity of blood oxygenation level dependent signal fluctuations (BOLD-FC) is decreased in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and suggested to reflect reduced coherence in neural population activity; however, as both neuronal and vascular-hemodynamic processes underlie BOLD signals, impaired perfusion might also contribute to reduced BOLD-FC; 42 AD patients and 27 controls underwent simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Resting-state functional MRI assessed BOLD co-activity to quantify BOLD-FC, pulsed arterial spin labeling (pASL) assessed cerebral blood flow (CBF) as proxy for vascular hemodynamics, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET assessed glucose metabolism (GluMet) to index neuronal activity. Patients' BOLD-FC, CBF, and GluMet were reduced within the same precuneal parietal regions. BOLD-FC was positively associated with mean CBF, specifically in patients and controlled for GluMet levels, suggesting that BOLD-FC reductions correlate with pASL-derived hypoperfusion in AD, independently from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-derived hypometabolism. Data indicate that impaired vascular hemodynamic processes contribute to reduced BOLD connectivity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Göttler
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,2 TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Preibisch
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,2 TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,3 Clinic for Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Riederer
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,2 TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Pasquini
- 2 TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,4 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- 5 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Peter Bohn
- 6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- 2 TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ebba Beller
- 7 Department of Radiology, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Kaczmarz
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,2 TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Grimmer
- 2 TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,5 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- 6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,8 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,2 TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,5 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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159
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Higham JP, Malik BR, Buhl E, Dawson JM, Ogier AS, Lunnon K, Hodge JJL. Alzheimer's Disease Associated Genes Ankyrin and Tau Cause Shortened Lifespan and Memory Loss in Drosophila. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:260. [PMID: 31244615 PMCID: PMC6581016 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau, including the 0N4R isoform and accumulation of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. However, less than 5% of AD cases are familial, with many additional risk factors contributing to AD including aging, lifestyle, the environment and epigenetics. Recent epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of AD have identified a number of loci that are differentially methylated in the AD cortex. Indeed, hypermethylation and reduced expression of the Ankyrin 1 (ANK1) gene in AD has been reported in the cortex in numerous different post-mortem brain cohorts. Little is known about the normal function of ANK1 in the healthy brain, nor the role it may play in AD. We have generated Drosophila models to allow us to functionally characterize Drosophila Ank2, the ortholog of human ANK1 and to determine its interaction with human Tau and Aβ. We show expression of human Tau 0N4R or the oligomerizing Aβ 42 amino acid peptide caused shortened lifespan, degeneration, disrupted movement, memory loss, and decreased excitability of memory neurons with co-expression tending to make the pathology worse. We find that Drosophila with reduced neuronal Ank2 expression have shortened lifespan, reduced locomotion, reduced memory and reduced neuronal excitability similar to flies overexpressing either human Tau 0N4R or Aβ42. Therefore, we show that the mis-expression of Ank2 can drive disease relevant processes and phenocopy some features of AD. Therefore, we propose targeting human ANK1 may have therapeutic potential. This represents the first study to characterize an AD-relevant gene nominated from EWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Higham
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bilal R. Malik
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Edgar Buhl
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M. Dawson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anna S. Ogier
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Lunnon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - James J. L. Hodge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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160
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Lakstygal AM, de Abreu MS, Lifanov DA, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Serikuly N, Alpsyshov ET, Wang D, Wang M, Tang Z, Yan D, Demin KA, Volgin AD, Amstislavskaya TG, Wang J, Song C, Alekseeva P, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models of diabetes-related CNS pathogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:48-58. [PMID: 30476525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder that affects multiple organ systems. DM also affects brain processes, contributing to various CNS disorders, including depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease. Despite active research in humans, rodent models and in-vitro systems, the pathogenetic link between DM and brain disorders remains poorly understood. Novel translational models and new model organisms are therefore essential to more fully study the impact of DM on CNS. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful novel model species to study metabolic and CNS disorders. Here, we discuss how DM alters brain functions and behavior in zebrafish, and summarize their translational relevance to studying DM-related CNS pathogenesis in humans. We recognize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational DM research, as they continue to improve our understanding of different brain pathologies associated with DM, and may foster the discovery of drugs that prevent or treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Lifanov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - DongMei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - MengYao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhiChong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongNi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - JiaJia Wang
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai Song
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Polina Alekseeva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA.
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161
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Chidambaram SB, Rathipriya AG, Bolla SR, Bhat A, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Manivasagam T, Thenmozhi AJ, Essa MM, Guillemin GJ, Chandra R, Sakharkar MK. Dendritic spines: Revisiting the physiological role. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:161-193. [PMID: 30654089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, thin, specialized protrusions from neuronal dendrites, primarily localized in the excitatory synapses. Sophisticated imaging techniques revealed that dendritic spines are complex structures consisting of a dense network of cytoskeletal, transmembrane and scaffolding molecules, and numerous surface receptors. Molecular signaling pathways, mainly Rho and Ras family small GTPases pathways that converge on actin cytoskeleton, regulate the spine morphology and dynamics bi-directionally during synaptic activity. During synaptic plasticity the number and shapes of dendritic spines undergo radical reorganizations. Long-term potentiation (LTP) induction promote spine head enlargement and the formation and stabilization of new spines. Long-term depression (LTD) results in their shrinkage and retraction. Reports indicate increased spine density in the pyramidal neurons of autism and Fragile X syndrome patients and reduced density in the temporal gyrus loci of schizophrenic patients. Post-mortem reports of Alzheimer's brains showed reduced spine number in the hippocampus and cortex. This review highlights the spine morphogenesis process, the activity-dependent structural plasticity and mechanisms by which synaptic activity sculpts the dendritic spines, the structural and functional changes in spines during learning and memory using LTP and LTD processes. It also discusses on spine status in neurodegenerative diseases and the impact of nootropics and neuroprotective agents on the functional restoration of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India.
| | - A G Rathipriya
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Bolla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Damam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Arehally Marappa Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Deb Bailey MND Research Laboratory, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Ambedkar Centre for BioMedical Research, Delhi University, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107, Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
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162
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Guix FX, Sartório CL, Ill-Raga G. BACE1 Translation: At the Crossroads Between Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration and Memory Consolidation. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:113-148. [PMID: 31259308 PMCID: PMC6597968 DOI: 10.3233/adr-180089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human life unfolds not only in time and space, but also in the recollection and interweaving of memories. Therefore, individual human identity depends fully on a proper access to the autobiographical memory. Such access is hindered under pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, which affects millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, no effective cure exists to prevent this disorder, the impact of which will rise alarmingly within the next decades. While Alzheimer’s disease is largely considered to be the outcome of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the brain, conceiving this complex disorder strictly as the result of Aβ-neurotoxicity is perhaps a too straight-line simplification. Instead, complementary to this view, the tableau of molecular disarrangements in the Alzheimer’s disease brain may be reflecting, at least in part, a loss of function phenotype in memory processing. Here we take BACE1 translation and degradation as a gateway to study molecular mechanisms putatively involved in the transition between memory and neurodegeneration. BACE1 participates in the excision of Aβ-peptide from its precursor holoprotein, but plays a role in synaptic plasticity too. Its translation is governed by eIF2α phosphorylation: a hub integrating cellular responses to stress, but also a critical switch in memory consolidation. Paralleling these dualities, the eIF2α-kinase HRI has been shown to be a nitric oxide-dependent physiological activator of hippocampal BACE1 translation. Finally, beholding BACE1 as a representative protease active in the CNS, we venture a new perspective on the cellular basis of memory, which may incorporate neurodegeneration in itself as a drift in memory consolidating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc X Guix
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmem L Sartório
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Gerard Ill-Raga
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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163
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Abstract
RIPK1 plays a critical role in mediating deleterious responses downstream of TNFR1. RIPK1 inhibitors have been progressed successfully past human phase I clinical studies. This paper discusses why RIPK1 inhibitors present an opportunity for developing oral drugs for a range of human degenerative and inflammatory diseases, especially CNS pathologies, including ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and lysosomal storage diseases. RIPK1 kinase has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. This was supported by extensive studies which demonstrated that RIPK1 is a key mediator of apoptotic and necrotic cell death as well as inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, human genetic evidence has linked the dysregulation of RIPK1 to the pathogenesis of ALS as well as other inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, unique allosteric small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 that offer high selectivity have been developed. These molecules can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, thus offering the possibility to target neuroinflammation and cell death which drive various neurologic conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis as well as acute neurological diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries. We discuss the current understanding of RIPK1 regulatory mechanisms and emerging evidence for the pathological roles of RIPK1 in human diseases, especially in the context of the central nervous systems.
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164
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Synthesis and evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-benzimidazole hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:133-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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165
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Hwang S, Jeong H, Hong EH, Joo HM, Cho KS, Nam SY. Low-dose ionizing radiation alleviates Aβ42-induced cell death via regulating AKT and p38 pathways in Drosophila Alzheimer's disease models. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.036657. [PMID: 30670376 PMCID: PMC6398453 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is widely used in medicine and is valuable in both the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. However, its health effects are ambiguous. Here, we report that low-dose ionizing radiation has beneficial effects in human amyloid-β42 (Aβ42)-expressing Drosophila Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. Ionizing radiation at a dose of 0.05 Gy suppressed AD-like phenotypes, including developmental defects and locomotive dysfunction, but did not alter the decreased survival rates and longevity of Aβ42-expressing flies. The same dose of γ-irradiation reduced Aβ42-induced cell death in Drosophila AD models through downregulation of head involution defective (hid), which encodes a protein that activates caspases. However, 4 Gy of γ-irradiation increased Aβ42-induced cell death without modulating pro-apoptotic genes grim, reaper and hid. The AKT signaling pathway, which was suppressed in Drosophila AD models, was activated by either 0.05 or 4 Gy γ-irradiation. Interestingly, p38 mitogen-activated protein-kinase (MAPK) activity was inhibited by exposure to 0.05 Gy γ-irradiation but enhanced by exposure to 4 Gy in Aβ42-expressing flies. In addition, overexpression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a negative regulator of the AKT signaling pathway, or a null mutant of AKT strongly suppressed the beneficial effects of low-dose ionizing radiation in Aβ42-expressing flies. These results indicate that low-dose ionizing radiation suppresses Aβ42-induced cell death through regulation of the AKT and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that low-dose ionizing radiation has hormetic effects on the pathogenesis of Aβ42-associated AD. Summary: Low-dose ionizing radiation can reduce cell death by regulating AKT/p38 signaling pathway and improve Aβ42-induced symptoms in Drosophila Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that low-dose ionizing radiation may be applicable for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Hwang
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
| | - Haemin Jeong
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Hong
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
| | - Hae Mi Joo
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, Seoul 01450, Korea
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166
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γ-Secretase and its modulators: Twenty years and beyond. Neurosci Lett 2019; 701:162-169. [PMID: 30763650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, Wolfe, Xia, and Selkoe identified two aspartate residues in Alzheimer's presenilin protein that constitute the active site of the γ-secretase complex. Mutations in the genes encoding amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin (PS) cause early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), and sequential cleavages of the APP by β-secretase and γ-secretase/presenilin generate amyloid β protein (Aβ), the major component of pathological hallmark, neuritic plaques, in brains of AD patients. Therapeutic strategies centered on targeting γ-secretase/presenilin to reduce amyloid were implemented and led to several high profile clinical trials. This review article focuses on the studies of γ-secretase and its inhibitors/modulators since the discovery of presenilin as the γ-secretase. While a lack of complete understanding of presenilin biology renders failure of clinical trials, the lessons learned from some γ-secretase modulators, while premature for human testing, provide new directions to develop potential therapeutics. Imbalanced Aβ homeostasis is an upstream event of neurodegenerative processes. Exploration of γ-secretase modulators for their roles in these processes is highly significant, e.g., decreasing neuroinflammation and levels of phosphorylated tau, the component of the other AD pathological hallmark, neurofibrillary tangles. Agents with excellent human pharmacology hold great promise in suppressing neurodegeneration in pre-symptomatic or early stage AD patients.
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167
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Snow AD, Castillo GM, Nguyen BP, Choi PY, Cummings JA, Cam J, Hu Q, Lake T, Pan W, Kastin AJ, Kirschner DA, Wood SG, Rockenstein E, Masliah E, Lorimer S, Tanzi RE, Larsen L. The Amazon rain forest plant Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) and its specific proanthocyanidin constituents are potent inhibitors and reducers of both brain plaques and tangles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:561. [PMID: 30728442 PMCID: PMC6365538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging and Alzheimer's disease both demonstrate the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein containing "plaques" and tau protein containing "tangles" that contribute to accelerated memory loss and cognitive decline. In the present investigation we identified a specific plant extract and its constituents as a potential alternative natural solution for preventing and reducing both brain "plaques and tangles". PTI-00703 cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa from a specific Peruvian source), a specific and natural plant extract from the Amazon rain forest, was identified as a potent inhibitor and reducer of both beta-amyloid fibrils (the main component of "plaques") and tau protein paired helical filaments/fibrils (the main component of "tangles"). PTI-00703 cat's claw demonstrated both the ability to prevent formation/aggregation and disaggregate preformed Aβ fibrils (1-42 and 1-40) and tau protein tangles/filaments. The disaggregation/dissolution of Aβ fibrils occurred nearly instantly when PTI-00703 cat's claw and Aβ fibrils were mixed together as shown by a variety of methods including Thioflavin T fluorometry, Congo red staining, Thioflavin S fluorescence and electron microscopy. Sophisticated structural elucidation studies identified the major fractions and specific constituents within PTI-00703 cat's claw responsible for both the observed "plaque" and "tangle" inhibitory and reducing activity. Specific proanthocyanidins (i.e. epicatechin dimers and variants thereof) are newly identified polyphenolic components within Uncaria tomentosa that possess both "plaque and tangle" reducing and inhibitory activity. One major identified specific polyphenol within PTI-00703 cat's claw was epicatechin-4β-8-epicatechin (i.e. an epicatechin dimer known as proanthocyanidin B2) that markedly reduced brain plaque load and improved short-term memory in younger and older APP "plaque-producing" (TASD-41) transgenic mice (bearing London and Swedish mutations). Proanthocyanidin B2 was also a potent inhibitor of brain inflammation as shown by reduction in astrocytosis and gliosis in TASD-41 transgenic mice. Blood-brain-barrier studies in Sprague-Dawley rats and CD-1 mice indicated that the major components of PTI-00703 cat's claw crossed the blood-brain-barrier and entered the brain parenchyma within 2 minutes of being in the blood. The discovery of a natural plant extract from the Amazon rain forest plant (i.e. Uncaria tomentosa or cat's claw) as both a potent "plaque and tangle" inhibitor and disaggregator is postulated to represent a potential breakthrough for the natural treatment of both normal brain aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Snow
- Cognitive Clarity Inc., Edmonds, WA, USA.
- ProteoTech Inc., Kirkland, WA, USA.
| | | | - Beth P Nguyen
- ProteoTech Inc., Kirkland, WA, USA
- Healthcare Legacy Consulting LLC, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Joel A Cummings
- Cognitive Clarity Inc., Edmonds, WA, USA
- ProteoTech Inc., Kirkland, WA, USA
| | - Judy Cam
- ProteoTech Inc., Kirkland, WA, USA
- Preclinical GPS, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qubai Hu
- ProteoTech Inc., Kirkland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Lake
- Cognitive Clarity Inc., Edmonds, WA, USA
- ProteoTech Inc., Kirkland, WA, USA
| | - Weihong Pan
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Biopotentials Sleep Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Abba J Kastin
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Steven G Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, University of California- San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, University of California- San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Lorimer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- VicLink Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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168
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Martini F, Rosa SG, Klann IP, Fulco BCW, Carvalho FB, Rahmeier FL, Fernandes MC, Nogueira CW. A multifunctional compound ebselen reverses memory impairment, apoptosis and oxidative stress in a mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 109:107-117. [PMID: 30521994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer 's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline including memory impairment, cortical dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. The drug discovery to treat AD consists to develop compounds able to act in multiple molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and the repositioning of old drugs for new application. This way, the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) has been used as a metabolic model of sporadic AD. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ebselen (1-10 mg/kg), a multifunctional selenoorganic compound, ameliorates memory impairment, hippocampal oxidative stress, apoptosis and cell proliferation in a mouse model of sporadic AD induced by icv STZ (3 mg/kg, 1 μl/min). The administration of ebselen (10 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed memory impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress, by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the level of a non-enzymatic antioxidant defense, in Swiss mice administered with icv STZ. The anti-apoptotic property of ebselen was demonstrated by its effectiveness against the increase in the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved PARP/PARP and the cleaved caspase-3 levels in the hippocampus of icv STZ mice. Although ebselen reversed memory impairment, it was ineffective against the reduction in the number of BrdU positive cells induced by icv STZ. In conclusion, the multifunctional selenoorganic compound ebselen was effective to reverse memory impairment, hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mouse model of sporadic AD induced by icv STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Martini
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suzan Gonçalves Rosa
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isabella Pregardier Klann
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cruz Weber Fulco
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Laboratório de Patologia da Fundação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francine Luciano Rahmeier
- Laboratório de Patologia da Fundação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilda Cruz Fernandes
- Laboratório de Patologia da Fundação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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169
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Gangarapu NR, Ranganatham A, Reddy EK, Surendra HD, Sajith AM, Yellappa S, Chandrasekhar KB. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 3,5‐Disubstituted 2‐Pyrazineamide Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Reddy Gangarapu
- Department of ChemistryGovernment Science College Bengaluru 560001 Karnataka India
- Department of ChemistryJawaharlal Nehru Technological University Ananthapuramu 515002 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - A. Ranganatham
- Laboratory DivisionNational Tuberculosis Institute Bangalore 560003 India
| | - Eeda Koti Reddy
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Science and HumanitiesVignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research—VFSTR Vadlamudi Guntur 522213 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - H. D. Surendra
- Laboratory DivisionNational Tuberculosis Institute Bangalore 560003 India
| | - Ayyiliath M. Sajith
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Kasaragod Government CollegeKannur University Kasaragod 671123 Kerala India
| | - Shivaraj Yellappa
- Department of ChemistryGovernment Science College Bengaluru 560001 Karnataka India
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170
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Singhrao SK, Olsen I. Assessing the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontitis to determine a causative relationship with Alzheimer's disease. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1563405. [PMID: 30728914 PMCID: PMC6352933 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1563405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis of 10 years' duration is reported to become a twofold risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Periodontitis is modifiable, and this fits with the current action plan for preventing AD. However, until periodontitis, becomes acknowledged as a firm risk factor for AD, this risk will continue. Here, we put forward our own argument based on the current literature for in vivo infection-mediated periodontal disease models supporting the antimicrobial protection hypothesis of AD and interventional studies supporting the causal links. Oral infections with Porphyromonas gingivalis, or introduction of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in various mouse models has demonstrated the development of key neuropathological hallmark lesions defining AD. These are extracellular amyloid-beta plaques, phosphorylated tau, neurofibrillary tangles, widespread acute and chronic inflammation, blood-brain barrier defects together with the clinical phenotype showing impaired learning and spatial memory. Live P. gingivalis and its LPS (commercial or from 'microbullets') are powerful peripheral and intracerebral inflammatory signalling initiators, and this has direct implications on memory and lesion development. Maintaining a healthy oral microbiome and managing periodontal disease with regular surveillance and good oral hygiene throughout life is likely to reduce the unnecessary burden of AD in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim K Singhrao
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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171
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Okada Y, Okubo K, Ikeda K, Yano Y, Hoshino M, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y, Itoh-Watanabe H, Naito A, Matsuzaki K. Toxic Amyloid Tape: A Novel Mixed Antiparallel/Parallel β-Sheet Structure Formed by Amyloid β-Protein on GM1 Clusters. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:563-572. [PMID: 30346704 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is considered central in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We focused on membrane-mediated amyloidogenesis and found that amyloid fibrils formed on monosialoganglioside GM1 clusters were more toxic than those formed in aqueous solution. In this study, we investigated the structure of the toxic fibrils by Aβ-(1-40) in detail in comparison with less-toxic fibrils formed in aqueous solution. The less-toxic fibrils contain in-resister parallel β-sheets, whereas the structure of the toxic fibrils is unknown. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the toxic fibrils had a flat, tape-like morphology composed of a single β-sheet layer. Isotope-edited infrared spectroscopy indicated that almost the entire sequence of Aβ is included in the β-sheet. Chemical cross-linking experiments using Cys-substituted Aβs suggested that the fibrils mainly contained both in-resister parallel and two-residue-shifted antiparallel β-sheet structures. Solid-state NMR experiments also supported this conclusion. Thus, the toxic fibrils were found to possess a novel unique structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Okubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikeda
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiso
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Hikari Itoh-Watanabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama Naitional University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama Naitional University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Katsumi Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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172
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Inhibitors of NF-κB and P2X7/NLRP3/Caspase 1 pathway in microglia: Novel therapeutic opportunities in neuroinflammation induced early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 326:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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173
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Jha A, Ghormade V, Kolge H, Paknikar KM. Dual effect of chitosan-based nanoparticles on the inhibition of β-amyloid peptide aggregation and disintegration of the preformed fibrils. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles are a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention against Alzheimer's disease. They inhibit amyloid aggregation and dissolve preformed fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jha
- Nanobioscience Group
- Agharkar Research Institute
- Pune 411004
- India
| | | | - Henry Kolge
- Nanobioscience Group
- Agharkar Research Institute
- Pune 411004
- India
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174
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Sahoo A, Xu H, Matysiak S. Pathways of amyloid-beta absorption and aggregation in a membranous environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8559-8568. [PMID: 30964132 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded oligomeric amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides on lipid membranes has been identified as a primary event in Alzheimer's pathogenesis. However, the structural and dynamical features of this membrane assisted Aβ aggregation have not been well characterized. The microscopic characterization of dynamic molecular-level interactions in peptide aggregation pathways has been challenging both computationally and experimentally. In this work, we explore differential patterns of membrane-induced Aβ 16-22 (K-L-V-F-F-A-E) aggregation from the microscopic perspective of molecular interactions. Physics-based coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations were employed to investigate the effect of lipid headgroup charge - zwitterionic (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: POPC) and anionic (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine: POPS) - on Aβ 16-22 peptide aggregation. Our analyses present an extensive overview of multiple pathways for peptide absorption and biomechanical forces governing peptide folding and aggregation. In agreement with experimental observations, anionic POPS molecules promote extended configurations in Aβ peptides that contribute towards faster emergence of ordered β-sheet-rich peptide assemblies compared to POPC, suggesting faster fibrillation. In addition, lower cumulative rates of peptide aggregation in POPS due to higher peptide-lipid interactions and slower lipid diffusion result in multiple distinct ordered peptide aggregates that can serve as nucleation seeds for subsequent Aβ aggregation. This study provides an in-silico assessment of experimentally observed aggregation patterns, presents new morphological insights and highlights the importance of lipid headgroup chemistry in modulating the peptide absorption and aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Sahoo
- Biophysics Program, Institute of Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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175
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Albeely AM, Ryan SD, Perreault ML. Pathogenic Feed-Forward Mechanisms in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Converge on GSK-3. Brain Plast 2018; 4:151-167. [PMID: 30598867 PMCID: PMC6311352 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) share many commonalities ranging from signaling deficits such as altered cholinergic activity, neurotrophin and insulin signaling to cell stress cascades that result in proteinopathy, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. These pathological processes are not unidirectional, but are intertwined, resulting in a series of feed-forward loops that worsen symptoms and advance disease progression. At the center of these loops is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a keystone protein involved in many of the multidirectional biological processes that contribute to AD and PD neuropathology. Here, a unified overview of the involvement of GSK-3 in the major processes involved in these diseases will be presented. The mechanisms by which these processes are linked will be discussed and the feed-forward pathways identified. In this regard, this review will put forth the notion that combination therapy, targeting these multiple facets of AD or PD neuropathology is a necessary next step in the search for effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M. Albeely
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Scott D. Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa L. Perreault
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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176
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A small molecule ApoE4-targeted therapeutic candidate that normalizes sirtuin 1 levels and improves cognition in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17574. [PMID: 30514854 PMCID: PMC6279743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the results from the testing of a small molecule first-in-class apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4)-targeted sirtuin1 (SirT1) enhancer, A03, that increases the levels of the neuroprotective enzyme SirT1 while not affecting levels of neurotoxic sirtuin 2 (SirT2) in vitro in ApoE4-transfected cells. A03 was identified by high-throughput screening (HTS) and found to be orally bioavailable and brain penetrant. In vivo, A03 treatment increased SirT1 levels in the hippocampus of 5XFAD-ApoE4 (E4FAD) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice and elicited cognitive improvement while inducing no observed toxicity. We were able to resolve the enantiomers of A03 and show using in vitro models that the L-enantiomer was more potent than the corresponding D-enantiomer in increasing SirT1 levels. ApoE4 expression has been shown to decrease the level of the NAD-dependent deacetylase and major longevity determinant SirT1 in brain tissue and serum of AD patients as compared to normal controls. A deficiency in SirT1 level has been recently implicated in increased tau acetylation, a dominant post-translational modification and key pathological event in AD and tauopathies. Therefore, as a novel approach to therapeutic development for AD, we targeted identification of compounds that enhance and normalize brain SirT1 levels.
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177
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Hunter S, Smailagic N, Brayne C. Aβ and the dementia syndrome: Simple versus complex perspectives. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e13025. [PMID: 30246866 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH) has dominated strategy in dementia research for decades despite evidence of its limitations including known heterogeneity of the dementia syndrome in the population and the narrow focus on a single molecule - the amyloid beta protein (Aβ) as causal for all Alzheimer-type dementia. Other hypotheses relevant to Aβ are the presenilin (PS) hypothesis (PSH) relating to the involvement of PS in the generation of Aβ, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) matrix approach (AMA), relating to the complex and dynamic breakdown of APP, from which Aβ derives. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this article we explore perspectives relating to complex disorders occurring mainly in older populations through a detailed case study of the role of Aβ in AD. RESULTS Scrutiny of the evidence generated so far reveals and a lack of understanding of the wider APP proteolytic system and how narrow research into the dementia syndrome has been to date. Confounding factors add significant limitations to the understanding of the current evidence base. CONCLUSIONS A better characterisation of the entire APP proteolytic system in the human brain is urgently required to place Aβ in its complex physiological context. From a molecular perspective, a combination of the alternative hypotheses, the PSH and the AMA may better describe the complexity of the APP proteolytic system leading to new therapeutic approaches. The reductionist approach is widespread throughout biomedical research and this example highlights how neglect of complexity can undermine investigations of complex disorders, particularly those arising in the oldest in our populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hunter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadja Smailagic
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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178
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Motta C, Di Lorenzo F, Ponzo V, Pellicciari MC, Bonnì S, Picazio S, Mercuri NB, Caltagirone C, Martorana A, Koch G. Transcranial magnetic stimulation predicts cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:1237-1242. [PMID: 30464028 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in detecting synaptic impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and predicting cognitive decline since the early phases of the disease. METHODS We used TMS-based parameters to evaluate long-term potentiation (LTP)-like cortical plasticity and cholinergic activity as measured by short afferent inhibition (SAI) in 60 newly diagnosed patients with AD and 30 healthy age-matched subjects (HS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess TMS ability in discriminating patients with AD from HS. Regression analyses examined the association between TMS-based parameters and cognitive decline. Multivariable regression model revealed the best parameters able to predict disease progression. RESULTS Area under the ROC curve was 0.90 for LTP-like cortical plasticity, indicating an excellent accuracy of this parameter in detecting AD pathology. In contrast, area under the curve was only 0.64 for SAI, indicating a poor diagnostic accuracy. Notably, LTP-like cortical plasticity was a significant predictor of disease progression (p=0.02), while no other neurophysiological, neuropsychological and demographic parameters were associated with cognitive decline. Multivariable analysis then promoted LTP-like cortical plasticity as the best significant predictor of cognitive decline (p=0.01). Finally, LTP-like cortical plasticity was found to be strongly associated with the probability of rapid cognitive decline (delta Mini-Mental State Examination score ≤-4 points at 18 months) (p=0.04); patients with AD with lower LTP-like cortical plasticity values showed faster disease progression. CONCLUSIONS TMS-based assessment of LTP-like cortical plasticity could be a viable biomarker to assess synaptic impairment and predict subsequent cognitive decline progression in patients with ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Motta
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Lorenzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Ponzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Pellicciari
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonnì
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Picazio
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martorana
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy .,Stroke Unit, Tor Vergata Policlinic, Rome, Italy
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179
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The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Diabetic Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110461. [PMID: 30469430 PMCID: PMC6262561 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes by modulating gene expression. They have been found to be dysregulated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and are considered promising therapeutic targets for treatment. Among the various neurodegenerative diseases, diabetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recently emerging as an important issue due to several unexpected reports suggesting that metabolic issues in the brain, such as insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation, could be important risk factors for AD. To facilitate understanding of the role of lncRNAs in this field, here we review recent studies on lncRNAs in AD and diabetes, and summarize them with different categories associated with the pathogenesis of the diseases including neurogenesis, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid beta accumulation, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose dysregulation. It is essential to understand the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic AD from various perspectives for therapeutic utilization of lncRNAs in the near future.
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180
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Aso E, Andrés-Benito P, Ferrer I. Genetic deletion of CB1 cannabinoid receptors exacerbates the Alzheimer-like symptoms in a transgenic animal model. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:210-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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181
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Reiss AB, Arain HA, Stecker MM, Siegart NM, Kasselman LJ. Amyloid toxicity in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:613-627. [PMID: 29447116 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A major feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is the plaque composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Although these plaques may have harmful properties, there is much evidence to implicate soluble oligomeric Aβ as the primary noxious form. Aβ oligomers can be generated both extracellularly and intracellularly. Aβ is toxic to neurons in a myriad of ways. It can cause pore formation resulting in the leakage of ions, disruption of cellular calcium balance, and loss of membrane potential. It can promote apoptosis, cause synaptic loss, and disrupt the cytoskeleton. Current treatments for AD are limited and palliative. Much research and effort is being devoted to reducing Aβ production as an approach to slowing or preventing the development of AD. Aβ formation results from the amyloidogenic cleavage of human amyloid precursor protein (APP). Reconfiguring this process to disfavor amyloid generation might be possible through the reduction of APP or inhibition of enzymes that convert the precursor protein to amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Reiss
- Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Hirra A Arain
- Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Mark M Stecker
- Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Nicolle M Siegart
- Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Lora J Kasselman
- Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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182
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Yuan C, Guo X, Zhou Q, Du F, Jiang W, Zhou X, Liu P, Chi T, Ji X, Gao J, Chen C, Lang H, Xu J, Liu D, Yang Y, Qiu S, Tang X, Chen G, Zou L. OAB-14, a bexarotene derivative, improves Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies and cognitive impairments by increasing β-amyloid clearance in APP/PS1 mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:161-180. [PMID: 30389579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex, though the clinical failures of anti-AD candidates targeting Aβ production (such as β- and γ-secretase inhibitors) make people suspect the Aβ hypothesis, in which the neurotoxicity of Aβ is undoubtedly involved. According to studies, >95% of AD patients with sporadic AD are primarily associated with abnormal Aβ clearance. Therefore, drugs that increase Aβ clearance are becoming new prospects for the treatment of AD. Here, the novel small molecule OAB-14, designed using bexarotene as the lead compound, significantly alleviated cognitive impairments in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mice after administration for 15 days or 3 months. OAB-14 rapidly cleared 71% of Aβ by promoting microglia phagocytosis and increasing IDE and NEP expression. This compound also attenuated the downstream pathological events of Aβ accumulation, such as synaptic degeneration, neuronal loss, tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, OAB-14 had no significant effect on body weight or liver toxicity after acute and chronic treatment. OAB-14 was well tolerated and its maximum-tolerated dose in mice was >4.0 g/kg. Based on these findings, OAB-14 represents a promising new candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Qifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Fangyu Du
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Tianyan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jinheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Chengwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hongli Lang
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Shimeng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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Potent PDZ-Domain PICK1 Inhibitors that Modulate Amyloid Beta-Mediated Synaptic Dysfunction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13438. [PMID: 30194389 PMCID: PMC6128908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein interacting with C kinase (PICK1) is a scaffolding protein that is present in dendritic spines and interacts with a wide array of proteins through its PDZ domain. The best understood function of PICK1 is regulation of trafficking of AMPA receptors at neuronal synapses via its specific interaction with the AMPA GluA2 subunit. Disrupting the PICK1-GluA2 interaction has been shown to alter synaptic plasticity, a molecular mechanism of learning and memory. Lack of potent, selective inhibitors of the PICK1 PDZ domain has hindered efforts at exploring the PICK1-GluA2 interaction as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases. Here, we report the discovery of PICK1 small molecule inhibitors using a structure-based drug design strategy. The inhibitors stabilized surface GluA2, reduced Aβ-induced rise in intracellular calcium concentrations in cultured neurons, and blocked long term depression in brain slices. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to identify potent, selective PICK1-GluA2 inhibitors which may prove useful for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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184
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Li H, Cao L, Ren Y, Jiang Y, Xie W, Li D. GLP-1 receptor regulates cell growth through regulating IDE expression level in Aβ1-42-treated PC12 cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171284. [PMID: 29263141 PMCID: PMC6043719 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) / cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) / protein kinase (PKA) / insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) signaling pathway was associated with neuronal apoptosis. We developed an animal model presenting both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), by crossing APP/PS1 mice (AD model) with streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice (a T2D model). Neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were examined by Western blotting. The viability of PC12 cells was analyzed by MTT assay and apoptosis of PC12 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression level was detected by qRT-PCR. T2D contributes to AD progress by prompting neuronal apoptosis and increasing expression of pro-apoptotic protein. β-Amyloid peptide1-42 (Aβ1-42) was shown to exert effects on inhibiting cell viability and prompting cell apoptosis of PC12 cells. However, GLP-1R agonist geniposide (Gen) significantly reversed them, exerting a protective role on PC12 cells. And IDE antagonist bacitracin (Bac) markedly reversed the protective effects of Gen on Aβ1-42-treated PC12 cells. Besides, Gen significantly reversed the effects of Aβ1-42 treatment on IDE expression, and the inhibitor of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway markedly reversed the effects of Gen on IDE expression level in Aβ1-42-treated PC12 cells. In conclusion, GLP-1R regulates cell growth, at least partially, through regulating cAMP/PKA/IDE signaling pathway in Aβ1-42-treated PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Li
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiang Su 213003, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiang Su 213003, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiang Su 213003, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiang Su 213003, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiang Su 213003, China
| | - Dawen Li
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiang Su 213003, China
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185
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Jakaria M, Park SY, Haque ME, Karthivashan G, Kim IS, Ganesan P, Choi DK. Neurotoxic Agent-Induced Injury in Neurodegenerative Disease Model: Focus on Involvement of Glutamate Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:307. [PMID: 30210294 PMCID: PMC6123546 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptors play a crucial role in the central nervous system and are implicated in different brain disorders. They play a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although many studies on NDDs have been conducted, their exact pathophysiological characteristics are still not fully understood. In in vivo and in vitro models of neurotoxic-induced NDDs, neurotoxic agents are used to induce several neuronal injuries for the purpose of correlating them with the pathological characteristics of NDDs. Moreover, therapeutic drugs might be discovered based on the studies employing these models. In NDD models, different neurotoxic agents, namely, kainic acid, domoic acid, glutamate, β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine, amyloid beta, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, rotenone, 3-Nitropropionic acid and methamphetamine can potently impair both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, leading to the progression of toxicity. Many other neurotoxic agents mainly affect the functions of ionotropic glutamate receptors. We discuss particular neurotoxic agents that can act upon glutamate receptors so as to effectively mimic NDDs. The correlation of neurotoxic agent-induced disease characteristics with glutamate receptors would aid the discovery and development of therapeutic drugs for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Md. Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
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186
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Morales-Zavala F, Casanova-Morales N, Gonzalez RB, Chandía-Cristi A, Estrada LD, Alvizú I, Waselowski V, Guzman F, Guerrero S, Oyarzún-Olave M, Rebolledo C, Rodriguez E, Armijo J, Bhuyan H, Favre M, Alvarez AR, Kogan MJ, Maze JR. Functionalization of stable fluorescent nanodiamonds towards reliable detection of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:60. [PMID: 30097010 PMCID: PMC6085760 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stable and non-toxic fluorescent markers are gaining attention in molecular diagnostics as powerful tools for enabling long and reliable biological studies. Such markers should not only have a long half-life under several assay conditions showing no photo bleaching or blinking but also, they must allow for their conjugation or functionalization as a crucial step for numerous applications such as cellular tracking, biomarker detection and drug delivery. Results We report the functionalization of stable fluorescent markers based on nanodiamonds (NDs) with a bifunctional peptide. This peptide is made of a cell penetrating peptide and a six amino acids long β-sheet breaker peptide that is able to recognize amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates, a biomarker for the Alzheimer disease. Our results indicate that functionalized NDs (fNDs) are not cytotoxic and can be internalized by the cells. The fNDs allow ultrasensitive detection (at picomolar concentrations of NDs) of in vitro amyloid fibrils and amyloid aggregates in AD mice brains. Conclusions The fluorescence of functionalized NDs is more stable than that of fluorescent markers commonly used to
stain Aβ aggregates such as Thioflavin T. These results pave the way for performing ultrasensitive and reliable detection of Aβ aggregates involved in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0385-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Morales-Zavala
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Raúl B Gonzalez
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - América Chandía-Cristi
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ignacio Alvizú
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Victor Waselowski
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzman
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Simón Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marisol Oyarzún-Olave
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Rebolledo
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Enrique Rodriguez
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Julien Armijo
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Heman Bhuyan
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Mario Favre
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Alejandra R Alvarez
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Nanoscale Technology and Advanced Materials, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,CARE-Chile-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jerónimo R Maze
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile. .,Center for Nanoscale Technology and Advanced Materials, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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187
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Cai P, Fang SQ, Yang HL, Yang XL, Liu QH, Kong LY, Wang XB. Donepezil-butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) hybrids as Anti-Alzheimer's disease agents with cholinergic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:161-176. [PMID: 30096650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) calls for the development of multitarget agents addressing key pathogenic processes. A novel family of donepezil-butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional ligands against AD. The optimal compound 7d displayed a balanced multifunctional profile covering an intriguing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (IC50, 0.075 μM for eeAChE and 0.75 μM for hAChE) and Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition (IC50, 7.4 μM for hMAO-B), excellent antioxidant activity (71.7 μM of IC50 by DPPH method, 0.82 and 1.62 trolox equivalent by ABTS method and ORAC method respectively), and inhibitory effects on self-induced, hAChE-induced Aβ aggregation. Moreover, 7d possessed neuroprotective potency against H2O2-induced oxidative damage on PC12 cells and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated inflammation on BV2 cells. Compound 7d was capable of penetrating BBB and presented good liver microsomal metabolic stability. Importantly, compound 7d could dose-dependently reverse scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice without acute toxicity. Taken together, those outstanding results highlight the donepezil-BHT hybrid 7d as a promising prototype in the research of innovative compound for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Si-Qiang Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Hua-Li Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xue-Lian Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qiao-Hong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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188
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Baglietto-Vargas D, Prieto GA, Limon A, Forner S, Rodriguez-Ortiz CJ, Ikemura K, Ager RR, Medeiros R, Trujillo-Estrada L, Martini AC, Kitazawa M, Davila JC, Cotman CW, Gutierrez A, LaFerla FM. Impaired AMPA signaling and cytoskeletal alterations induce early synaptic dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12791. [PMID: 29877034 PMCID: PMC6052400 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory and causes cognitive and psychiatric deficits. New evidences indicate that AD is conceptualized as a disease of synaptic failure, although the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these defects remain to be elucidated. Determining the timing and nature of the early synaptic deficits is critical for understanding the progression of the disease and for identifying effective targets for therapeutic intervention. Using single-synapse functional and morphological analyses, we find that AMPA signaling, which mediates fast glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS), is compromised early in the disease course in an AD mouse model. The decline in AMPA signaling is associated with changes in actin cytoskeleton integrity, which alters the number and the structure of dendritic spines. AMPA dysfunction and spine alteration correlate with the presence of soluble but not insoluble Aβ and tau species. In particular, we demonstrate that these synaptic impairments can be mitigated by Aβ immunotherapy. Together, our data suggest that alterations in AMPA signaling and cytoskeletal processes occur early in AD. Most important, these deficits are prevented by Aβ immunotherapy, suggesting that existing therapies, if administered earlier, could confer functional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology; Faculty of Sciences; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA); Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); University of Malaga; Malaga Spain
| | - Gilberto Aleph Prieto
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Stefania Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Carlos J. Rodriguez-Ortiz
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Department of Medicine; Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH); University of California; Irvine California
| | - Kenji Ikemura
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Rahasson R. Ager
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research; Queensland Brain Institute; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology; Faculty of Sciences; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA); Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); University of Malaga; Malaga Spain
| | - Alessandra C. Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Department of Medicine; Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH); University of California; Irvine California
| | - Jose C. Davila
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology; Faculty of Sciences; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA); Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); University of Malaga; Malaga Spain
| | - Carl W. Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Neurology; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology; Faculty of Sciences; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA); Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); University of Malaga; Malaga Spain
| | - Frank M. LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; University of California; Irvine California
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189
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Jin M, O'Nuallain B, Hong W, Boyd J, Lagomarsino VN, O'Malley TT, Liu W, Vanderburg CR, Frosch MP, Young-Pearse T, Selkoe DJ, Walsh DM. An in vitro paradigm to assess potential anti-Aβ antibodies for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2676. [PMID: 29992960 PMCID: PMC6041266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is believed to play an initiating role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the molecular characteristics of the key pathogenic Aβ forms are not well understood. As a result, it has proved difficult to identify optimal agents that target disease-relevant forms of Aβ. Here, we combined the use of Aβ-rich aqueous extracts of brain samples from AD patients as a source of human Aβ and live-cell imaging of iPSC-derived human neurons to develop a bioassay capable of quantifying the relative protective effects of multiple anti-Aβ antibodies. We report the characterization of 1C22, an aggregate-preferring murine anti-Aβ antibody, which better protects against forms of Aβ oligomers that are toxic to neurites than do the murine precursors of the clinical immunotherapeutics, bapineuzumab and solanezumab. These results suggest further examination of 1C22 is warranted, and that this bioassay maybe useful as a primary screen to identify yet more potent anti-Aβ therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brian O'Nuallain
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wei Hong
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Justin Boyd
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tiernan T O'Malley
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles R Vanderburg
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Tracy Young-Pearse
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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190
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Wang D, Dong X, Wang C. Honokiol Ameliorates Amyloidosis and Neuroinflammation and Improves Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease Transgenic Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:470-478. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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191
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Borovac J, Bosch M, Okamoto K. Regulation of actin dynamics during structural plasticity of dendritic spines: Signaling messengers and actin-binding proteins. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:122-130. [PMID: 30004015 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent plasticity of synaptic structure and function plays an essential role in neuronal development and in cognitive functions including learning and memory. The formation, maintenance and modulation of dendritic spines are mainly controlled by the dynamics of actin filaments (F-actin) through interaction with various actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and postsynaptic signaling messengers. Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) triggers a cascade of events involving Ca2+ signaling, intracellular pathways such as cAMP and cGMP, and regulation of ABPs such as CaMKII, Cofilin, Aip1, Arp2/3, α-actinin, Profilin and Drebrin. We review here how these ABPs modulate the rate of assembly, disassembly, stabilization and bundling of F-actin during LTP induction. We highlight the crucial role that CaMKII exerts in both functional and structural plasticity by directly coupling Ca2+ signaling with F-actin dynamics through the β subunit. Moreover, we show how cAMP and cGMP second messengers regulate postsynaptic structural potentiation. Brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia or autism, are associated with alterations in the regulation of F-actin dynamics by these ABPs and signaling messengers. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling actin cytoskeleton can provide cues for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Borovac
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Miquel Bosch
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Kenichi Okamoto
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
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192
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Alzheimer's disease pathology propagation by exosomes containing toxic amyloid-beta oligomers. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:41-56. [PMID: 29934873 PMCID: PMC6015111 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease is paralleled by a hierarchical progression of amyloid-beta and tau brain pathology. Recent findings indicate that toxic oligomers of amyloid-beta may cause propagation of pathology in a prion-like manner, although the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we show that small extracellular vesicles, exosomes, from Alzheimer patients’ brains contain increased levels of amyloid-beta oligomers and can act as vehicles for the neuron-to-neuron transfer of such toxic species in recipient neurons in culture. Moreover, blocking the formation, secretion or uptake of exosomes was found to reduce both the spread of oligomers and the related toxicity. Taken together, our results imply that exosomes are centrally involved in Alzheimer’s disease and that they could serve as targets for development of new diagnostic and therapeutic principles.
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193
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Hong W, Wang Z, Liu W, O'Malley TT, Jin M, Willem M, Haass C, Frosch MP, Walsh DM. Diffusible, highly bioactive oligomers represent a critical minority of soluble Aβ in Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:19-40. [PMID: 29687257 PMCID: PMC6647843 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Significant data suggest that soluble Aβ oligomers play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is great confusion over what exactly constitutes an Aβ oligomer and which oligomers are toxic. Most studies have utilized synthetic Aβ peptides, but the relevance of these test tube experiments to the conditions that prevail in AD is uncertain. A few groups have studied Aβ extracted from human brain, but they employed vigorous tissue homogenization which is likely to release insoluble Aβ that was sequestered in plaques during life. Several studies have found such extracts to possess disease-relevant activity and considerable efforts are being made to purify and better understand the forms of Aβ therein. Here, we compared the abundance of Aβ in AD extracts prepared by traditional homogenization versus using a far gentler extraction, and assessed their bioactivity via real-time imaging of iPSC-derived human neurons plus the sensitive functional assay of long-term potentiation. Surprisingly, the amount of Aβ retrieved by gentle extraction constituted only a small portion of that released by traditional homogenization, but this readily diffusible fraction retained all of the Aβ-dependent neurotoxic activity. Thus, the bulk of Aβ extractable from AD brain was innocuous, and only the small portion that was aqueously diffusible caused toxicity. This unexpected finding predicts that generic anti-oligomer therapies, including Aβ antibodies now in trials, may be bound up by the large pool of inactive oligomers, whereas agents that specifically target the small pool of diffusible, bioactive Aβ would be more useful. Furthermore, our results indicate that efforts to purify and target toxic Aβ must employ assays of disease-relevant activity. The approaches described here should enable these efforts, and may assist the study of other disease-associated aggregation-prone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zemin Wang
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tiernan T O'Malley
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ming Jin
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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194
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Lee JH, Jahrling JB, Denner L, Dineley KT. Targeting Insulin for Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms, Status and Potential Directions. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S427-S453. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-179923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan B. Jahrling
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Larry Denner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly T. Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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195
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Basha SJ, Mohan P, Yeggoni DP, Babu ZR, Kumar PB, Rao AD, Subramanyam R, Damu AG. New Flavone-Cyanoacetamide Hybrids with a Combination of Cholinergic, Antioxidant, Modulation of β-Amyloid Aggregation, and Neuroprotection Properties as Innovative Multifunctional Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease and Unraveling Their Mechanism of Action with Acetylcholinesterase. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2206-2223. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Andhrapradesh, Kadapa 516003, India
| | - Penumala Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Andhrapradesh, Kadapa 516003, India
| | - Daniel Pushparaju Yeggoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Zinka Raveendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Andhrapradesh, Kadapa 516003, India
| | - Palaka Bhagath Kumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry Central University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Ampasala Dinakara Rao
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry Central University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Amooru Gangaiah Damu
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Andhrapradesh, Kadapa 516003, India
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196
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The Dynamics of Neurosteroids and Sex-Related Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:215-224. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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197
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Cao KJ, Elbel KM, Cifelli JL, Cirera J, Sigurdson CJ, Paesani F, Theodorakis EA, Yang J. Solvation-Guided Design of Fluorescent Probes for Discrimination of Amyloids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6950. [PMID: 29725045 PMCID: PMC5934448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of insoluble protein aggregates in the brain is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. While their exact role in neurodegeneration remains unclear, the presence of these amyloid deposits often precedes clinical symptoms. As a result, recent progress in imaging methods that utilize amyloid-specific small molecule probes have become a promising avenue for antemortem disease diagnosis. Here, we present a series of amino-aryl cyanoacrylate (AACA) fluorophores that show a turn-on fluorescence signal upon binding to amyloids in solution and in tissue. Using a theoretical model for environmental sensitivity of fluorescence together with ab initio computational modeling of the effects of polar environment on electron density distribution and conformational dynamics, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a set of fluorophores that (1) bind to aggregated forms of Alzheimer’s-related β-amyloid peptides with low micromolar to high nanomolar affinities and (2) have the capability to fluorescently discriminate different amyloids based on differences in amino acid composition within the binding pocket through exploitation of their solvatochromic properties. These studies showcase the rational design of a family of amyloid-binding imaging agents that could be integrated with new optical approaches for the clinical diagnosis of amyloidoses, where accurate identification of the specific neurodegenerative disease could aid in the selection of a proper course for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Kristyna M Elbel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jessica L Cifelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció d'Inorgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona,c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | | | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.
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198
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Evaluation of an Allosteric BACE Inhibitor Peptide to Identify Mimetics that Can Interact with the Loop F Region of the Enzyme and Prevent APP Cleavage. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1566-1576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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199
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Wang W, Wang W, Yao G, Ren Q, Wang D, Wang Z, Liu P, Gao P, Zhang Y, Wang S, Song S. Novel sarsasapogenin-triazolyl hybrids as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:351-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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200
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Haj E, Losev Y, Guru KrishnaKumar V, Pichinuk E, Engel H, Raveh A, Gazit E, Segal D. Integrating in vitro and in silico approaches to evaluate the "dual functionality" of palmatine chloride in inhibiting and disassembling Tau-derived VQIVYK peptide fibrils. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1565-1575. [PMID: 29634991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by the deposits of intra-cellular tau protein and extra-cellular amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the human brain. Understanding the mechanism of protein aggregation and finding compounds that are capable of inhibiting its aggregation is considered to be highly important for disease therapy. METHODS We used an in vitro High-Throughput Screening for the identification of potent inhibitors of tau aggregation using a proxy model; a highly aggregation-prone hexapeptide fragment 306VQIVYK311 derived from tau. Using ThS fluorescence assay we screened a library of 2401 FDA approved, bio-active and natural compounds in attempt to find molecules which can efficiently modulate tau aggregation. RESULTS Among the screened compounds, palmatine chloride (PC) alkaloid was able to dramatically reduce the aggregation propensity of PHF6 at sub-molar concentrations. PC was also able to disassemble preformed aggregates of PHF6 and reduce the amyloid content in a dose-dependent manner. Insights obtained from MD simulation showed that PC interacted with the key residues of PHF6 responsible for β-sheet formation, which could likely be the mechanism of inhibition and disassembly. Furthermore, PC could effectively inhibit the aggregation of full-length tau and disassemble preformed aggregates. CONCLUSIONS We found that PC possesses "dual functionality" towards PHF6 and full-length tau, i.e. inhibit their aggregation and disassemble pre-formed fibrils. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The "dual functionality" of PC is valuable as a disease modifying strategy for AD, and other tauopathies, by inhibiting their progress and reducing the effect of fibrils already present in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Haj
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yelena Losev
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - V Guru KrishnaKumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Edward Pichinuk
- BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hamutal Engel
- BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Avi Raveh
- BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Segal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Interdisciplinary Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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