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Zhai X, Wang H, Zhu X, Miao H, Qian X, Li J, Gao Y, Lu F, Wu Y. Gene polymorphisms of ABC transporters are associated with clinical outcomes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:659-71. [PMID: 23056078 PMCID: PMC3460503 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.30290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic variability affects clinical outcome in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients. Evaluating gene polymorphisms in ABC transporters could help identify relapse risk and predict outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS The SNaPshot SNP technique was used to analyze single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the multidrug transporter 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP1, MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) genes of 82 pediatric ALL patients. The association between the SNPs with risk of all events and death as well as with survival was evaluated by the univariate Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS The BCRP G34A SNP was the only SNP significantly associated with ALL. Risk factors included pre-treatment WBC counts and post-treatment peripheral and bone marrow leukemic cell counts. We found no association between MDR1 SNPs with these factors. The BCRP C421A C/A and C/C genotypes were significantly associated with low pre-treatment WBC counts while MRP2 G1249A G/G was significantly associated with low levels of post-treatment peripheral and bone marrow leukemic cells. A combination of C1236T, G1249A and/or G34A SNPs was significantly associated with lower EFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms associated with risk of ALL and clinical outcome may be potential biomarkers to predict clinical outcome and improve prognosis in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Miao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Qian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yijin Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fengjuan Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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152
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Multidrug resistance-associated proteins are involved in the transport of the glutathione conjugates of the ultimate carcinogen of benzo[a]pyrene in human Caco-2 cells. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:269-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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153
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Kertai MD, Fontes M, Podgoreanu MV. Pharmacogenomics of β-blockers and statins: possible implications for perioperative cardiac complications. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 26:1101-14. [PMID: 22889606 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miklos D Kertai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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154
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Mizuno T, Fukudo M, Terada T, Kamba T, Nakamura E, Ogawa O, Inui KI, Katsura T. Impact of genetic variation in breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) on sunitinib pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 27:631-9. [PMID: 22673043 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the impact of genetic variations in breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) on the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib, we carried out a pharmacogenetic study in a clinical setting and pharmacokinetic analysis using Abcg2(-/-), Abcb1a/1b(-/-) and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2(-/-) mice. Nineteen renal cell carcinoma patients were enrolled in this study. The plasma concentrations of sunitinib and its active metabolite were determined and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was calculated. Genetic polymorphisms in ABCG2 (421C>A) and ABCB1 (1236C>T, 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T) were examined. The dose-adjusted AUC(0-24) of sunitinib was significantly higher in patients with a heterozygous variant for ABCG2 421C>A than in wild-type patients (p = 0.02), and one homozygous patient showed the highest dose-adjusted AUC(0-24). The ABCB1 polymorphisms were not associated with the dose-adjusted AUC(0-24). The maximum concentration and AUC(0-4) of sunitinib were significantly higher in Abcg2(-/-), Abcb1a/1b(-/-) and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2(-/-) mice than wild-type mice when sunitinib was given orally but not intraperitoneally. Incidence of thrombocytopenia and hypertension and poor compliance were associated with the systemic exposure to sunitinib and its active metabolite. These results suggest that the loss of protein expression of ABCG2 by genetic polymorphism is associated with an increase in the systemic exposure to sunitinib and sunitinib-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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155
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Yri OE, Ekstrøm PO, Hilden V, Gaudernack G, Liestøl K, Smeland EB, Holte H. Polymorphisms in genes encoding interleukin-10 and drug metabolizing enzymes GSTP1, GSTT1, GSTA1 and UGT1A1 influence risk and outcome in Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1934-44. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.682307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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156
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Lai Y, Varma M, Feng B, Stephens JC, Kimoto E, El-Kattan A, Ichikawa K, Kikkawa H, Ono C, Suzuki A, Suzuki M, Yamamoto Y, Tremaine L. Impact of drug transporter pharmacogenomics on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability - considerations for drug development. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:723-43. [PMID: 22509796 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.678048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug transporter proteins are expressed on the cell membrane, regulating substrate exposure in systemic circulation and/or peripheral tissues. Genetic polymorphism of drug transporter genes encoding these proteins could alter the functional activity and/or protein expression, having effects on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME), efficacy and adverse effects. AREAS COVERED The authors provide the reader with an overview of the pharmacogenetics (PGx) of 12 membrane transporters. The clinical literature is summarized as to the quantitative significance on pharmacokinetics (PK) and implications on pharmacodynamics (PD) and adverse effects, due to transporter influence on intracellular drug concentrations. EXPERT OPINION Unlike polymorphisms for cytochrome P450s (CYPs) resulting in large magnitude of PK variation, genetic mutations for membrane transporters are typically less than threefold alteration in systemic PK for drugs with a few exceptions. However, substantially greater changes in intracellular drug levels may result. We are aware of 1880 exome variants in 12 of the best-studied transporters to date, and nearly 40% of these change the amino acid. However, the functional consequences of most of these variants remain to be determined, and have only been empirically evaluated for a handful. To the extent that genetic polymorphisms impact ADME, it is a variable that will contribute to ethnic differences due to substantial frequency differences for the known variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Lai
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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157
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O'Brien FE, Dinan TG, Griffin BT, Cryan JF. Interactions between antidepressants and P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier: clinical significance of in vitro and in vivo findings. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:289-312. [PMID: 21718296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays an important role in the function of the blood-brain barrier by selectively extruding certain endogenous and exogenous molecules, thus limiting the ability of its substrates to reach the brain. Emerging evidence suggests that P-gp may restrict the uptake of several antidepressants into the brain, thus contributing to the poor success rate of current antidepressant therapies. Despite some inconsistency in the literature, clinical investigations of potential associations between functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCB1, the gene which encodes P-gp, and antidepressant response have highlighted a potential link between P-gp function and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Therefore, co-administration of P-gp inhibitors with antidepressants to patients who are refractory to antidepressant therapy may represent a novel therapeutic approach in the management of TRD. Furthermore, certain antidepressants inhibit P-gp in vitro, and it has been hypothesized that inhibition of P-gp by such antidepressant drugs may play a role in their therapeutic action. The present review summarizes the available in vitro, in vivo and clinical data pertaining to interactions between antidepressant drugs and P-gp, and discusses the potential relevance of these interactions in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionn E O'Brien
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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158
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LINARDI RL, STOKES AM, ANDREWS FM. The effect of P-Glycoprotein on methadone hydrochloride flux in equine intestinal mucosa. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:43-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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159
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Amiri-Kordestani L, Basseville A, Kurdziel K, Fojo AT, Bates SE. Targeting MDR in breast and lung cancer: discriminating its potential importance from the failure of drug resistance reversal studies. Drug Resist Updat 2012; 15:50-61. [PMID: 22464282 PMCID: PMC3680361 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This special issue of Drug Resistance Updates is dedicated to multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR-1), 35 years after its discovery. While enormous progress has been made and our understanding of drug resistance has become more sophisticated and nuanced, after 35 years the role of MDR-1 in clinical oncology remains a work in progress. Despite clear in vitro evidence that P-glycoprotein (Pgp), encoded by MDR-1, is able to dramatically reduce drug concentrations in cultured cells, and that drug accumulation can be increased by small molecule inhibitors, clinical trials testing this paradigm have mostly failed. Some have argued that it is no longer worthy of study. However, repeated analyses have demonstrated MDR-1 expression in a tumor is a poor prognostic indicator leading some to conclude MDR-1 is a marker of a more aggressive phenotype, rather than a mechanism of drug resistance. In this review we will re-evaluate the MDR-1 story in light of our new understanding of molecular targeted therapy, using breast and lung cancer as examples. In the end we will reconcile the data available and the knowledge gained in support of a thesis that we understand far more than we realize, and that we can use this knowledge to improve future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Amiri-Kordestani
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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160
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Becker ML, Elens LLFS, Visser LE, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, van Schaik RHN, Stricker BH. Genetic variation in the ABCC2 gene is associated with dose decreases or switches to other cholesterol-lowering drugs during simvastatin and atorvastatin therapy. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2011; 13:251-6. [PMID: 22186618 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Several statins are substrates for the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 transporter, encoded by the ABCC2 gene. We analyzed in the Rotterdam Study whether the common polymorphisms -24C>T, 1249G>A and 3972C>T in the ABCC2 gene were associated with a dose decrease or switch to another cholesterol-lowering drug in simvastatin and atorvastatin users. These events could indicate an adverse effect or a too strong reduction in cholesterol level. We identified 1014 simvastatin and atorvastatin users during the period 1 January 1991 to 1 January 2010. Associations between genetic variation and the risk of these events were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modelling. The ABCC2 -24C>T genotype (HR 1.32 95% CI 1.04-1.69) and the H12 haplotype versus the H2 haplotype (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.06-2.09) were associated with these events in simvastatin users. A similar but not significant association was found in atorvastatin users. To conclude, genetic variation in the ABCC2 gene is associated with these events in simvastatin users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Becker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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161
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Real R, González-Lobato L, Baro MF, Valbuena S, de la Fuente A, Prieto JG, Álvarez AI, Marques MM, Merino G. Analysis of the effect of the bovine adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter G2 single nucleotide polymorphism Y581S on transcellular transport of veterinary drugs using new cell culture models1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:4325-38. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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162
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Functional analysis of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2). Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21:506-15. [PMID: 21691255 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328348c786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) mediates the biliary excretion of glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MRP2 contribute to interindividual variability in drug disposition and ultimately in drug response. OBJECTIVES To characterize the transport function of human wild-type (WT) MRP2 and four SNP variants, S789F, A1450T, V417I, and T1477M. METHODS The four SNP variants were expressed in Sf9 cells using recombinant baculovirus infection. The kinetic parameters [Km, (μmol/l); V(max), (pmol/mg/min); the Hill coefficient] of ATP-dependent transport of leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)), estradiol-3-glucuronide (E(2)3G), estradiol-17β-glucuronide (E(2)17G), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDC) were determined in Sf9-derived plasma membrane vesicles. Transport activity was normalized for expression level. RESULTS The V(max) for transport activity was decreased for all substrates for S789F, and for all substrates except E(2)17G for A1450T. V417I showed decreased apparent affinity for LTC(4), E(2)3G, and E(2)17G, whereas transport was similar between wild-type (WT) and T1477M, except for a modest increase in TUDC transport. Examination of substrate-stimulated MRP2-dependent ATPase activity of S789F and A1450T, SNPs located in MRP2 nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs), demonstrated significantly decreased ATPase activity and only modestly decreased affinity for ATP compared with WT. CONCLUSION SNPs in the NBDs (S789F in the D-loop of NBD1, or A1450T near the ABC signature motif of NBD2) variably decreased the transport of all substrates. V417I in membrane spanning domain 1 selectively decreased the apparent affinity for the glutathione and glucuronide conjugated substrates, whereas the T1477M SNP in the carboxyl terminus altered only TUDC transport.
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163
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Shuker N, Bouamar R, Weimar W, van Schaik RHN, van Gelder T, Hesselink DA. ATP-binding cassette transporters as pharmacogenetic biomarkers for kidney transplantation. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 413:1326-37. [PMID: 21996082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs used in organ transplantation are highly effective in preventing acute rejection. However, the clinical use of these drugs is complicated by the fact that they display highly variable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between individual patients. The influence of genetic variation on the interindividual variability in immunosuppressive drug disposition, efficacy, and toxicity has been explored in recent years. The polymorphically-expressed ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, in particular ABCB1 and ABCC2, have been investigated extensively because they play an important role in the absorption, distribution and elimination of many immunosuppressive drugs in use today. From these studies it can be concluded that polymorphisms in ABCB1 and ABCC2 have no consistent effect on immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics and toxicity although polymorphisms in ABCB1 appear to be related to the risk of developing calcineurin inhibitor-related nephrotoxicity. However, the latter needs to be replicated before an individual's ABCB1 genotype can become a useful marker that is applied in clinical practice. Future studies evaluating the influence of ABC transporter gene polymorphisms should explore the relationship with intracellular rather than systemic drug concentrations further in well-designed clinical studies. Until then, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ABC transporter genes are not suitable to act as biomarkers for solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauras Shuker
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, The Netherlands
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164
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Xiao CQ, Chen R, Lin J, Wang G, Chen Y, Tan ZR, Zhou HH. Effect of genistein on the activities of cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein in Chinese healthy participants. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:173-8. [PMID: 21943317 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.615954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of genistein on cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function using the probe substrates midazolam and talinolol, respectively. Eighteen healthy adult male participants were enrolled in a two-phase randomized crossover design. In each phase, the participants received placebo or genistein for 14 days. On the 15th day, midazolam and talinolol were administered and blood samples were obtained. Midazolam and talinolol pharmacokinetic parameter values were calculated and compared before and after genistein administration. Co-administration of genistein decreased the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 36 h (AUC 0-36) (143.65 ± 55.40 ng h/mL versus 126.10 ± 40.14 ng h/mL, p < 0.05), and the area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC 0-∞) (209.18 ± 56.61 ng h/mL versus 180.59 ± 43.03 ng h/mL, p < 0.05), and also maximum concentration (Cmax) of midazolam (48.86 ± 20.21 ng/mL versus 36.25 ± 14.35 ng/mL p < 0.05). Similarly, AUC 0-36 (2490.282 ± 668.79 ng h/mL versus 2114.46 ± 861.11 ng h/mL, p < 0.05), AUC 0-∞ (2980.45 ± 921.09 ng h/mL versus 2626.92 ± 1003.78 ng h/mL, p < 0.05) and Cmax of talinolol (326.58 ± 197.67 ng/mL versus 293.42 ± 127.19 ng/mL, p < 0.05) were reduced by genistein co-administration. The oral clearance of midazolam (1.68 ± 0.85 h-1 versus 3.98 ± 0.59 h-1, p < 0.05) and talinolol (3.34 ± 1.24 h-1 versus 3.79 ± 1.55 h-1, p<0.05) were increased by genistien significantly. Administration of genistein can result in a modest induction of CYP3A and possibly P-gp activity in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Q Xiao
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Chenzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
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165
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Zhong L, Ma CY, Zhang H, Yang LJ, Wan HL, Xie QQ, Li LL, Yang SY. A prediction model of substrates and non-substrates of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) developed by GA-CG-SVM method. Comput Biol Med 2011; 41:1006-13. [PMID: 21924412 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is one of the key multi-drug resistance proteins, which significantly influences the therapeutic effects of many drugs, particularly anti-cancer drugs. Thus, distinguishing between substrates and non-substrates of BCRP is important not only for clinical use but also for drug discovery and development. In this study, a prediction model of the substrates and non-substrates of BCRP was developed using a modified support vector machine (SVM) method, namely GA-CG-SVM. The overall prediction accuracy of the established GA-CG-SVM model is 91.3% for the training set and 85.0% for an independent validation set. For comparison, two other machine learning methods, namely, C4.5 DT and k-NN, were also adopted to build prediction models. The results show that the GA-CG-SVM model is significantly superior to C4.5 DT and k-NN models in terms of the prediction accuracy. To sum up, the prediction model of BCRP substrates and non-substrates generated by the GA-CG-SVM method is sufficiently good and could be used as a screening tool for identifying the substrates and non-substrates of BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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166
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Windsor RE, Strauss SJ, Kallis C, Wood NE, Whelan JS. Germline genetic polymorphisms may influence chemotherapy response and disease outcome in osteosarcoma: a pilot study. Cancer 2011; 118:1856-67. [PMID: 21887680 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young people. Efficacy of multiagent MAP (methotrexate, doxorubicin [Adriamycin], cisplatin) chemotherapy may be influenced by multiple cellular pathways. This pilot study aimed to investigate the association of 36 candidate genetic polymorphisms in MAP pathway genes with histological response, survival, and grade 3-4 chemotherapy toxicity in osteosarcoma. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 60 patients who had completed MAP chemotherapy. All patients were manually genotyped for 5 polymorphisms. The remaining 31 polymorphisms were genotyped in 50 patients using the Illumina 610-Quad microarray. Associations between candidate polymorphisms and histological response, progression-free survival, and toxicity were estimated using Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests, the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Poor histological response was increased in variants of ABCC2 c.24C>T (P = .011) and GSTP1 c.313A>G p.Ile(105)Val (P = .009), whereas MTHFD1 c.1958G>A p.Arg(653)Gln was protective (P = .03). Methotrexate toxicity was increased in variants of MTHFR c.1298A>C p.Glu(429)Ala (P = .038), ABCB1 c.3435T>C Ile(145)Ile (P = .027), and ABCC2 c.3563T>A p.Val(1188)Glu (P = .028). Variants of GSTP1 c.313A>G p.Ile(105)Val were at increased risk of myelosuppression (P = .024) and cardiac damage (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study represents the most comprehensive study to date examining the role of genetic polymorphisms in osteosarcoma. Although small and retrospective, it shows that several polymorphisms appear to significantly influence toxicity and clinical outcome. These deserve prospective validation in the hope of optimizing treatment for resistant disease and reducing the late effects burden.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the clinical setting, there is marked intersubject variability in the intensity of pain reported by patients with apparently similar pain states, as well as widely differing analgesic dosing requirements between individuals to produce satisfactory pain relief with tolerable side-effects. Genetic and environmental factors as well as their interaction are implicated, and these are discussed in this review. KEY FINDINGS Pioneering work undertaken in mice more than a decade ago, showed a strong genetic contribution to levels of nociception/hypersensitivity as well as levels of antinociception produced by commonly available analgesic agents. To date more than 300 candidate 'pain' genes have been identified as potentially contributing to heritable differences in pain sensitivity and analgesic responsiveness in animals and humans, with this information available in a publicly accessible database http://www.jbldesign.com/jmogil/enter.html. Since then, many genetic association studies have been conducted in humans to investigate the possibility that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an individual gene may explain drug inefficacy or excessive toxicity experienced by a small subset of the whole population who have the rare allele for a particular SNP. SUMMARY Despite the fact that SNPs in more than 20 genes that affect pain sensitivity or contribute to interindividual variability in responses to analgesic medications have been identified in the human genome, much of the data is conflicting. Apart from deficiencies in the design and conduct of human genetic association studies, recent research from other fields has implicated epigenetic mechanisms that facilitate dynamic gene-environment communication, as a possible explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Muralidharan
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development and School of Pharmacy, Steele Building, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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168
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Wolf SJ, Bachtiar M, Wang J, Sim TS, Chong SS, Lee CGL. An update on ABCB1 pharmacogenetics: insights from a 3D model into the location and evolutionary conservation of residues corresponding to SNPs associated with drug pharmacokinetics. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2011; 11:315-25. [PMID: 21625253 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The human ABCB1 protein, (P-glycoprotein or MDR1) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that harnesses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to drive the unidirectional transport of substrates from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space. As a large range of therapeutic agents are known substrates of ABCB1 protein, its role in the onset of multidrug resistance has been the focus of much research. This role has been of particular interest in the field of pharmacogenomics where genetic variation within the ABCB1 gene, particularly in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), is believed to contribute to inter-individual variation in ABCB1 function and drug response. In this review we provide an update on the influence of coding region SNPs within the ABCB1 gene on drug pharmacokinetics. By utilizing the crystal structure of the mouse ABCB1 homolog (Abcb1a), which is 87% homologous to the human sequence, we accompany this discussion with a graphical representation of residue location for amino acids corresponding to human ABCB1 coding region SNPs. Also, an assessment of residue conservation, which is calculated following multiple sequence alignment of 11 confirmed sequences of ABCB1 homologs, is presented and discussed. Superimposing a 'heat map' of residue homology to the Abcb1a crystal structure has permitted additional insights into both the conservation of individual residues and the conservation of their immediate surroundings. Such graphical representation of residue location and conservation supplements this update of ABCB1 pharmacogenetics to help clarify the often confounding reports on the influence of ABCB1 polymorphisms on drug pharmacokinetics and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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169
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Ansari M, Sauty G, Labuda M, Gagné V, Rousseau J, Moghrabi A, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M. Polymorphism in multidrug resistance-associated protein gene 3 is associated with outcomes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2011; 12:386-94. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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170
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Kell DB, Dobson PD, Oliver SG. Pharmaceutical drug transport: the issues and the implications that it is essentially carrier-mediated only. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:704-14. [PMID: 21624498 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
All cells necessarily contain tens, if not hundreds, of carriers for nutrients and intermediary metabolites, and the human genome codes for more than 1000 carriers of various kinds. Here, we illustrate using a typical literature example the widespread but erroneous nature of the assumption that the 'background' or 'passive' permeability to drugs occurs in the absence of carriers. Comparison of the rate of drug transport in natural versus artificial membranes shows discrepancies in absolute magnitudes of 100-fold or more, with the carrier-containing cells showing the greater permeability. Expression profiling data show exactly which carriers are expressed in which tissues. The recognition that drugs necessarily require carriers for uptake into cells provides many opportunities for improving the effectiveness of the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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171
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Kim KA, Joo HJ, Park JY. ABCG2 polymorphisms, 34G>A and 421C>A in a Korean population: analysis and a comprehensive comparison with other populations. J Clin Pharm Ther 2011; 35:705-12. [PMID: 21054463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE ABCG2, also known as Breast Cancer Resistance Peptide (BCRP) or mitoxantrone-resistant protein, is the second member of the G-family of ABC transporters. The frequencies of ABCG2 34G>A and 421C>A polymorphisms in a Korean population were assessed using a newly developed multiplex pyrosequencing method, and compared with the corresponding frequencies seen in other ethnic groups. METHOD We designed a multiplex pyrosequencing method to simultaneously detect ABCG2 421C>A and 34G>A polymorphisms and analysed the allele frequencies of these polymorphisms in 250 Korean subjects. RESULTS The results showed 100% concordance between single and multiplex pyrosequencing methods. We also validated the polymorphisms identified by pyrosequencing with a direct sequencing method using randomly selected samples. The allele frequencies of ABCG2 421C>A and 34G>A in the population tested were 0·298 and 0·190 respectively. The allele frequency of the 421C>A polymorphism is comparable to other Asian populations, including Japanese and Chinese. However, both frequencies are different from those of Caucasians and Africans. CONCLUSIONS The multiplex pyrosequencing method used to detect two ABCG2 polymorphisms concurrently is a rapid and reliable genotyping method for the detection of important ABCG2 genetic polymorphisms. The ABCG2 34G>A and 421C>A polymorphisms are frequently found in the Korean population. The frequencies are similar to those seen in other Asian populations including Japanese and Chinese, but very different to those of Caucasian and African-American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-A Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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172
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Savas S, Azorsa DO, Jarjanazi H, Ibrahim-Zada I, Gonzales IM, Arora S, Henderson MC, Choi YH, Briollais L, Ozcelik H, Tuzmen S. NCI60 cancer cell line panel data and RNAi analysis help identify EAF2 as a modulator of simvastatin and lovastatin response in HCT-116 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18306. [PMID: 21483694 PMCID: PMC3070731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin and lovastatin are statins traditionally used for lowering serum cholesterol levels. However, there exists evidence indicating their potential chemotherapeutic characteristics in cancer. In this study, we used bioinformatic analysis of publicly available data in order to systematically identify the genes involved in resistance to cytotoxic effects of these two drugs in the NCI60 cell line panel. We used the pharmacological data available for all the NCI60 cell lines to classify simvastatin or lovastatin resistant and sensitive cell lines, respectively. Next, we performed whole-genome single marker case-control association tests for the lovastatin and simvastatin resistant and sensitive cells using their publicly available Affymetrix 125K SNP genomic data. The results were then evaluated using RNAi methodology. After correction of the p-values for multiple testing using False Discovery Rate, our results identified three genes (NRP1, COL13A1, MRPS31) and six genes (EAF2, ANK2, AKAP7, STEAP2, LPIN2, PARVB) associated with resistance to simvastatin and lovastatin, respectively. Functional validation using RNAi confirmed that silencing of EAF2 expression modulated the response of HCT-116 colon cancer cells to both statins. In summary, we have successfully utilized the publicly available data on the NCI60 cell lines to perform whole-genome association studies for simvastatin and lovastatin. Our results indicated genes involved in the cellular response to these statins and siRNA studies confirmed the role of the EAF2 in response to these drugs in HCT-116 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Savas
- Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David O. Azorsa
- The Pharmaceutical Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- The Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hamdi Jarjanazi
- Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irada Ibrahim-Zada
- Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irma M. Gonzales
- The Pharmaceutical Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- The Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Shilpi Arora
- The Pharmaceutical Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Meredith C. Henderson
- The Pharmaceutical Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- The Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yun Hee Choi
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laurent Briollais
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hilmi Ozcelik
- Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sukru Tuzmen
- The Pharmaceutical Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
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Schildgen O. Host factors may influence response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus infections. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:417-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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174
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Tournier N, Valette H, Peyronneau MA, Saba W, Goutal S, Kuhnast B, Dollé F, Scherrmann JM, Cisternino S, Bottlaender M. Transport of Selected PET Radiotracers by Human P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2): An In Vitro Screening. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:415-23. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.079608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Naito T, Takashina Y, Yamamoto K, Tashiro M, Ohnishi K, Kagawa Y, Kawakami J. CYP3A5*3 affects plasma disposition of noroxycodone and dose escalation in cancer patients receiving oxycodone. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 51:1529-38. [PMID: 21209234 DOI: 10.1177/0091270010388033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma dispositions of oxycodone and its demethylates and dose escalation based on genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6, CYP3A5, ABCB1, and OPRM1 in cancer patients receiving oxycodone. Sixty-two Japanese cancer patients receiving oxycodone extended-release tablets were enrolled. Predose plasma concentrations (C(12)) of oxycodone, noroxycodone, and oxymorphone were determined at the titrated dose. Daily oxycodone escalation rate was evaluated as the opioid escalation index (OEI). Genetic variants did not significantly alter oxycodone C(12). Oxymorphone C(12) and its ratio to oxycodone C(12) were significantly higher in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers than in intermediate metabolizers but did not affect dose escalation. In contrast, noroxycodone C(12) and its ratio to oxycodone C(12) were significantly higher in the CYP3A5*1 carrier group than in the *3/*3 group. The OEI was significantly higher in the CYP3A5*3/*3 group than in the *1 carrier group. No significant difference was observed in the OEI in the other genetic variants. Noroxycodone C(12) was higher in the dose escalation group as compared to the nonescalation group and significantly affected the incidence of dose escalation. In conclusion, CYP3A5*3 altered the plasma disposition of noroxycodone, which was inversely affecting the dose escalation in cancer patients receiving oxycodone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Naito
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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176
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Cascorbi I. P-glycoprotein: tissue distribution, substrates, and functional consequences of genetic variations. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:261-283. [PMID: 21103972 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (ABCB1, MDR1) belongs to the ABC transporter family transporting a wide range of drugs and xenobiotics from intra- to extracellular at many biological interfaces such as the intestine, liver, blood-brain barrier, and kidney. The ABCB1 gene is highly polymorphic. Starting with the observation of lower duodenal protein expression and elevated digoxin bioavailability in relation to the 3435C>T single nucleotide polymorphism, hundreds of pharmacokinetic and outcome studies have been performed, mostly genotyping 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, and 3435C>T. Though some studies pointed out that intracellular concentrations of anticancer drugs, for example, within lymphocytes, might be affected by ABCB1 variants resulting in differential outcome, current knowledge of the functional significance genetic variants of ABC membrane transporters does not allow selection of a particular SNP to predict an individual's pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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177
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Peters BJM, Rodin AS, Klungel OH, van Duijn CM, Stricker BHC, van't Slot R, de Boer A, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Pharmacogenetic interactions between ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 tagging SNPs and the effectiveness of statins in the prevention of myocardial infarction. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 11:1065-76. [PMID: 20712525 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Genetic variability within the SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 transporter genes has been associated with modification of statin effectiveness in cholesterol management. MATERIALS & METHODS We conducted a case-control study using a population-based registry of pharmacy records linked to the hospital discharge records. Within a hypercholesterolemic cohort, we included 668 myocardial infarction cases and 1217 controls. RESULTS We tested 24 tagging SNPs and found two SNPs within ABCB1 (rs3789244, p = 0.01; rs1922242, p = 0.01) to interact with statin treatment. In addition, we found a nonsignificant haplotype-treatment interaction (p = 0.054). The odds ratio for subjects homozygous for SLCO1B1*1A was 0.49 (95% CI: 0.34-0.71) compared with 0.31 (95% CI: 0.24-0.41) for heterozygous or noncarriers of the *1A allele. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that common genetic variability within the SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 genes is associated with the modification of the effectiveness of statins in the prevention of the clinical outcome, myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas J M Peters
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Robey RW, Lin B, Qiu J, Chan LLY, Bates SE. Rapid detection of ABC transporter interaction: potential utility in pharmacology. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 63:217-22. [PMID: 21112407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) are known to transport a wide range of structurally diverse compounds. Their high level of expression at the blood-brain, maternal-fetal, and blood-testis barriers as well as their purported roles in oral absorption suggests that ABC transporters play important pharmacologic roles. METHODS We have developed a method to characterize the function and inhibition of ABC transporters using an automated cell counter with fluorescence detection capability. The assay was performed using stably-transfected HEK293 cells expressing P-gp, MRP1, or ABCG2 and examining transport of fluorescent substrates in the presence or absence of known inhibitors and compared to results obtained with a flow cytometer. Fold increase in intracellular fluorescence was then calculated for cells incubated with fluorescent substrate in the absence of inhibitor versus in the presence of inhibitor. RESULTS Fold increase values obtained either with the cell counter or flow cytometer were comparable for cells expressing either MRP1 or ABCG2; slightly higher fold increase values were observed when cells expressing P-gp were read on a flow cytometer compared to the cell counter. DISCUSSION The assay described provides an inexpensive detection method to aid in the development of novel ABC transporter inhibitors or to characterize potential drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Robey
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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179
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Reboldi G, Gentile G, Angeli F, Verdecchia P. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and clinical evaluation of aliskiren for hypertension treatment. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 7:115-28. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.538681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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180
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Hu M, To KKW, Mak VWL, Tomlinson B. The ABCG2 transporter and its relations with the pharmacokinetics, drug interaction and lipid-lowering effects of statins. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 7:49-62. [PMID: 21091277 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.538383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The ABCG2 efflux transporter is expressed in multiple tissues and plays an important role in the disposition of many statins. The functional 421C>A polymorphism in ABCG2 that reduces transporter activity has been found to be associated with increased systemic exposures to certain statins. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We review and evaluate the associations of the ABCG2 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of statins. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This article gives a detailed overview of the ABCG2 transporter and extensively reviews its relations with the pharmacokinetics and lipid-lowering effects of statins. This review also discusses the potential role of the ABCG2 polymorphism in the clinical outcomes in statin-treated patients and statin-drug interactions. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The impact of the ABCG2 421C>A polymorphism on the disposition of the statins varies between different drugs and the effect on systemic exposure was greater in the case of rosuvastatin than other statins. This genetic variant was associated with greater low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to rosuvastatin in Chinese and caucasian patients. The effect of the ABCG2 421C>A polymorphism on the lipid response to other substrate statins and clinical outcomes need to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
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181
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Andus T, Kocjan A, Müser M, Baranovsky A, Mikhailova TL, Zvyagintseva TD, Dorofeyev AE, Lozynskyy YS, Cascorbi I, Stolte M, Vieth M, Dilger K, Mohrbacher R, Greinwald R. Clinical trial: a novel high-dose 1 g mesalamine suppository (Salofalk) once daily is as efficacious as a 500-mg suppository thrice daily in active ulcerative proctitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:1947-56. [PMID: 20310020 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesalamine suppositories are first-line therapy in active ulcerative proctitis; the standard regime still recommends multiple doses per day. The primary objective of this study was to show the noninferiority of once-daily administration of a novel 1 g mesalamine suppository versus thrice-daily administration of the 0.5 g mesalamine suppository. METHODS This was a single-blind (investigator-blinded), randomized, multicenter, comparative, Phase III clinical trial. Patients with mild to moderately active ulcerative proctitis inserted either one mesalamine 1 g suppository at bedtime or one mesalamine 0.5 g suppository thrice daily over a 6-week period. The primary endpoint was rate of remission (Disease Activity Index below 4). RESULTS In all, 354 patients were evaluable for safety and per-protocol analysis. The new regimen demonstrated noninferiority: The percentage of patients with remission was 87.9% for the once-daily 1 g mesalamine suppository and 90.7% for the thrice-daily 0.5 g mesalamine suppository. Each regimen resulted in prompt cessation of clinical symptoms (e.g., median time to ≤3 stools per day (all without blood): 5 days in the 1 g mesalamine once-daily and 7 days in the 0.5 g mesalamine thrice-daily group). Patients preferred applying suppositories once a day. CONCLUSIONS In active ulcerative proctitis the once-daily administration of a 1 g mesalamine suppository is as effective and safe, yet considerably more convenient, than the standard thrice-daily administration of a 0.5 g mesalamine suppository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Andus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Oncology, Klinikum Stuttgart - Krankenhaus Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart, Germany.
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182
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Tanaka M, Okazaki T, Suzuki H, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. Association of multi-drug resistance gene polymorphisms with pancreatic cancer outcome. Cancer 2010; 117:744-51. [PMID: 20922799 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of multidrug resistance genes that are associated with clinical outcome in patients with potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma who were treated with preoperative gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. METHODS We selected 8 SNPs of 7 drug resistance genes, including MDR1 (ABCB1), MRP1-5 (ABCC1-5), and BCRP (ABCG2), reported to be important in mediating drug resistance. Genotype was determined by the Taqman method. The associations of genotype with tumor response to therapy and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using log-rank test, Cox regression, and logistic regression models. RESULTS MRP5 A-2G AA genotype showed significant association with OS (log-rank P = .010). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.65 (1.11-2.45) after adjusting for clinical predictors. The MRP2 G40A GG genotype had a weak association with reduced OS (log-rank P = .097). A combined effect of the two genotypes on OS was observed. Patients with none of the adverse genotypes had a median survival time (MST) of 34.0 months, and those with 1-2 deleterious alleles had a significantly lower MST of 20.7 months (log-rank P = .006). MRP2 G40A GG genotype was also significantly associated with poor histological response to chemoradiotherapy (P = .028). CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest a potential role of polymorphic variants of drug resistance genes in predicting therapeutic efficacy and survival of patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motofumi Tanaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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183
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Drug delivery to the brain: considerations of genetic polymorphisms of blood-brain barrier transporters and imaging technologies. Ther Deliv 2010; 1:563-70. [PMID: 22833967 DOI: 10.4155/tde.10.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PubMed search and literature reviews summarized our latest advances regarding the impact of genetic polymorphisms of blood-brain barrier transporters on, and the application of imaging technologies to evaluate and enhance drug delivery to the brain. Although there are reports relating transporter polymorphisms to pharmacokinetics or adverse events, few studies have extended such efforts to the brain. Conceivably, simultaneous nonfunctional expressions of more than one key efflux transporters could result in devastating clinical outcomes if the dose of their substrate drug is not adjusted for the subpopulation with such a phenotype. Imaging technologies have been used to elucidate the kinetic or functional activities of blood-brain barrier transporters, with the majority focusing on P-glycoprotein. Imaging technologies have been used to discover drugs for treating brain disorders, enable targeted delivery in combination with convection-enhanced delivery, assess the therapeutic effect of a treatment protocol and assess drug penetration into brain tumors. Research is limited, however, in using imaging technologies to link the genotype or phenotype of a transporter to the uptake of drug into the brain. No imaging studies have provided clear evidence of transporter polymorphisms discriminating the distribution of drug in the brain. Research efforts are needed to use imaging technologies to explore the correlation between pharmacogenetics and individual clinical outcomes, especially for the phenotype of more than one nonfunctional transporters.
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184
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Schiff E, May K, Goldstein LH. Neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with azithromycin in two brothers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 66:1273-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-010-0900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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185
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Wang LL, Liu YH, Meng LL, Li CG, Zhou SF. Phenotype prediction of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in human ATP-binding cassette transporter genes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 108:94-114. [PMID: 20849526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A large number of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) have been found in human genome, but there is poor knowledge on the relationship between the genotype and phenotype of these nsSNPs. Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are able to transport a number of important substrates including endogenous and exogenous compounds. This study aimed to predict the phenotypical impact of nsSNPs of human ABC transporter genes, and the predicted results were further validated by reported phenotypical data from site-directed mutagenesis and clinical genetic studies. One thousand and six hundred thirty-two nsSNPs were found from 49 human ABC transporter genes. Using the PolyPhen and SIFT algorithms, 41.8-53.6% of nsSNPs in ABC transporter genes were predicted to have an impact on protein function. The prediction accuracy was up to 63-85% when compared with known phenotypical data from in vivo and in vitro studies. There was a significant concordance between the prediction results using SIFT and PolyPhen. Of nsSNPs predicted as deleterious, the prediction scores by SIFT and PolyPhen were significantly related to the number of nsSNPs with known phenotypes confirmed by experimental and human studies. The amino acid substitution variants are supposed to be the pathogenetic basis of increased susceptibility to certain diseases with Mendelian or complex inheritance, altered drug resistance and altered drug clearance and response. Predicting the phenotypic consequence of nsSNPs using computational algorithms may provide a better understanding of genetic differences in susceptibility to diseases and drug response. The prediction of nsSNPs in human ABC transporter genes would be useful hints for further genotype-phenotype studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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186
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Bruyère A, Declèves X, Bouzom F, Ball K, Marques C, Treton X, Pocard M, Valleur P, Bouhnik Y, Panis Y, Scherrmann JM, Mouly S. Effect of Variations in the Amounts of P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1), BCRP (ABCG2) and CYP3A4 along the Human Small Intestine on PBPK Models for Predicting Intestinal First Pass. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1596-607. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bruyère
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Xavier Declèves
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Francois Bouzom
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Kathryn Ball
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Catie Marques
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Xavier Treton
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Marc Pocard
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Patrice Valleur
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Yoram Bouhnik
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Yves Panis
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Jean-Michel Scherrmann
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
| | - Stephane Mouly
- INSERM U705-CNRS UMR 7157, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Department of Non-Clinical Modelling, Technologie Servier, Orléans, France, Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Clichy, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France, Department of Digestive Surgery, Beaujon Hospital,
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187
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Giraud C, Manceau S, Treluyer JM. ABC transporters in human lymphocytes: expression, activity and role, modulating factors and consequences for antiretroviral therapies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:571-89. [PMID: 20367109 DOI: 10.1517/17425251003601953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a superfamily of efflux pumps that transport numerous compounds across cell membranes. These transporters are located in various human tissues including peripheral blood cells, in particular lymphocytes, and present a high variability of expression and activity. This variability may affect the intracellular concentrations and efficacy of drugs acting within lymphocytes, such as antiretroviral drugs. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review focuses on the current knowledge about the expression, activity, roles and variability of ABC drug transporters in human lymphocytes. The identified modulating factors and their impact on the intracellular pharmacokinetics and efficacy of antiretroviral drugs are also detailed. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Controversial data regarding the expression, activity and sources of variability of ABC transporters in lymphocytes are discussed. The modulating factors and their pharmacological consequences regarding antiretroviral therapies are also provided. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Numerous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the expression and activity of ABC drug transporters in lymphocytes. Despite these discrepancies, which may partly result from heterogeneous analytical methods, ABCC1 appears to have the highest expression in lymphocytes and may thus play a predominant role in the resistance to antiretroviral drugs, particularly to protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Giraud
- Groupe Hospitalier Cochin - Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Recherche Clinique Paris Descartes, Site Hôpital Tarnier, 89 rue d'Assas, 75006 Paris, France.
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188
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Toxicokinetics of the Food-toxin IQ in Human Placental Perfusion is not Affected by ABCG2 or Xenobiotic Metabolism. Placenta 2010; 31:641-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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189
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Abstract
Membrane transporters can be major determinants of the pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy profiles of drugs. This presents several key questions for drug development, including which transporters are clinically important in drug absorption and disposition, and which in vitro methods are suitable for studying drug interactions with these transporters. In addition, what criteria should trigger follow-up clinical studies, and which clinical studies should be conducted if needed. In this article, we provide the recommendations of the International Transporter Consortium on these issues, and present decision trees that are intended to help guide clinical studies on the currently recognized most important drug transporter interactions. The recommendations are generally intended to support clinical development and filing of a new drug application. Overall, it is advised that the timing of transporter investigations should be driven by efficacy, safety and clinical trial enrolment questions (for example, exclusion and inclusion criteria), as well as a need for further understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of the drug molecule, and information required for drug labelling.
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190
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Gazzaniga P, Naso G, Gradilone A, Cortesi E, Gandini O, Gianni W, Fabbri MA, Vincenzi B, di Silverio F, Frati L, Aglianò AM, Cristofanilli M. Chemosensitivity profile assay of circulating cancer cells: prognostic and predictive value in epithelial tumors. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:2437-47. [PMID: 19821489 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic value associated with the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer by the CellSearch technology raise additional issues regarding the biological value of this information. We postulated that a drug-resistance profile of CTCs may predict response to chemotherapy in cancer patients and therefore could be used for patient selection. One hundred 5 patients with diagnosis of carcinoma were enrolled in a prospective trial. CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood, and positive samples were evaluated for the expression of a panel of genes involved in anticancer drugs resistance. The drug-resistance profile was correlated with disease-free survival (DFS; patients in adjuvant setting) and time to progression (TTP; metastatic patients) in a 24-months follow-up. Objective response correlation was a secondary end point. Fifty-one percent of patients were found positive for CTCs while all blood samples from healthy donors were negative. The drug-resistance profile correlates with DFS and TTP (p < 0.001 in both). Sensitivity of the test: able to predict treatment response in 98% of patients. Specificity of the test: 100%; no sample from healthy subject was positive for the presence of CTCs. Positive and negative predictive values were found to be 96.5 and 100%, respectively. We identified a drug-resistance profile of CTCs, which is predictive of response to chemotherapy, independent of tumor type and stage of disease. This approach may represent a first step toward the individualization of chemotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gazzaniga
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 324, Roma, Italy.
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191
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Impact of ABCC2 haplotypes on transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation and function. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 11:25-34. [PMID: 20351751 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABCC2 (MRP2) is an important export pump, expressed at tissue barriers. The genetic variants -24C>T, 1249G>A and 3972C>T are leading to inter-individual differences of bioavailability of various endogenous and exogenous compounds. Considering ABCC2 haplotypes, we investigated DNA-protein binding properties, mRNA secondary structure, mRNA stability, protein expression and transport activity in various cell lines and analyzed the bioavailability of talinolol in 24 healthy Caucasian volunteers; -24C>T had no clear influence on DNA-protein binding and the mRNA stability did not differ significantly. In transfected HEK293T/17 cells, haplotypes H9 (CGT), H10 (TGC) and H12 (TGT) had significantly lower protein expression, whereas H2 (CAC) exhibited significantly increased protein expression compared to the wild type (H1, CGC): 32.7 ± 8.8, 73.1 ± 6.3; 44.0 ± 15.5 and 115.2 ± 8.2%, respectively. This corresponded with efflux rates of the fluorescent dye glutathione-methylfluorescein in vitro and by trend with talinolol bioavailability in vivo. In conclusion our results show a haplotype-dependent influence on transport capacity of ABCC2, which seems to be mainly based on posttranscriptional modification of protein expression rather than transport rates.
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192
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Sissung TM, Baum CE, Kirkland CT, Gao R, Gardner ER, Figg WD. Pharmacogenetics of membrane transporters: an update on current approaches. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 44:152-67. [PMID: 19950006 PMCID: PMC6362991 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the pharmacogenetics of membrane transporters including selected ABC transporters (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCG2) and OATPs (OATP1B1 and OATP1B3). Membrane transporters are heavily involved in drug clearance and alters drug disposition by actively transporting substrate drugs between organs and tissues. As such, polymorphisms in the genes encoding these proteins may have significant effects on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of compounds, and may alter pharmacodynamics of many agents. This review discusses the techniques used to identify substrates and inhibitors of these proteins and subsequently to assess the effect of genetic mutation on transport, both in vitro and in vivo. A comprehensive list of substrates for the major drug transporters is included. Finally, studies linking transporter genotype with clinical outcomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan M. Sissung
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A01, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,
| | - Caitlin E. Baum
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A01, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,
| | - C. Tyler Kirkland
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A01, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,
| | - Rui Gao
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A01, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,
| | - Erin R. Gardner
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, SAIC-Frederick, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA,
| | - William D. Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A01, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Section, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A01, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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193
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Lohoff FW, Ferraro TN. Pharmacogenetic considerations in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11:423-39. [DOI: 10.1517/14656560903508762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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194
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Endter S, Francombe D, Ehrhardt C, Gumbleton M. RT-PCR analysis of ABC, SLC and SLCO drug transporters in human lung epithelial cell models. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.05.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Carrier-mediated transport mechanisms play crucial roles in drug absorption and elimination processes, as well as in the transport of endogenous molecules affecting cellular regulation and function. In this study we used RT-PCR analysis to characterise the mRNA transcript expression of a wide range of membrane carrier transporters in several in-vitro lung epithelial cell models. Transporters studied included: 11 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, 11 solute carrier (SLC) transporters and 9 solute carrier organic anion (SLCO) transporters.
Methods
The cell culture models included both established cell lines (A549, Calu-3, 16HBE14o-, BEAS-2B) and freshly isolated lung epithelial cells in primary culture (human bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells).
Key findings
The expression profiles of several clinically relevant drug transporters were characterised using RT-PCR analysis. Our results showed differential transporter expression in cell culture models from different regions of the lung and also highlighted disparities when comparing lung cell lines with primary cell culture models. Differences in transporter expression between cell models of pulmonary and gastrointestinal origin were also noted.
Conclusions
The information will guide and validate the use of in-vitro lung epithelial cell lines in the study of pulmonary administered drugs and candidate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Endter
- Cardiff University, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff, UK
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- Cardiff University, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff, UK
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195
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ABC transporters in drug-refractory epilepsy: limited clinical significance of pharmacogenetics? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 87:15-8. [PMID: 20019695 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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196
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Cascorbi I, Haenisch S. Pharmacogenetics of ATP-binding cassette transporters and clinical implications. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 596:95-121. [PMID: 19949922 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-416-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a severe limitation of chemotherapy of various malignancies. In particular efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette family such as ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), the ABCC (multidrug resistance-associated protein) family, and ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein) have been identified as major determinants of chemoresistance in tumor cells. Bioavailability depends not only on the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes but also to a major extent on the activity of drug transport across biomembranes. They are expressed in the apical membranes of many barrier tissues such as the intestine, liver, blood-brain barrier, kidney, placenta, testis, and in lymphocytes, thus contributing to plasma, liquor, but also intracellular drug disposition. Since expression and function exhibit a broad variability, it was hypothesized that hereditary variances in the genes of membrane transporters could explain at least in part interindividual differences of pharmacokinetics of a variety of anticancer drugs and many others contributing to the clinical outcome of certain leukemias and further malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/physiology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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197
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Staud F, Ceckova M, Micuda S, Pavek P. Expression and function of p-glycoprotein in normal tissues: effect on pharmacokinetics. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 596:199-222. [PMID: 19949926 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-416-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux transporters limit intracellular concentration of their substrates by pumping them out of cell through an active, energy dependent mechanism. Several of these proteins have been originally associated with the phenomenon of multidrug resistance; however, later on, they have also been shown to control body disposition of their substrates. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is the first detected and the best characterized of ABC drug efflux transporters. Apart from tumor cells, its constitutive expression has been reported in a variety of other tissues, such as the intestine, brain, liver, placenta, kidney, and others. Being located on the apical site of the plasma membrane, Pgp can remove a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including clinically relevant drugs, their metabolites, and conjugates from cells. Driven by energy from ATP, it affects many pharmacokinetic events such as intestinal absorption, brain penetration, transplacental passage, and hepatobiliary excretion of drugs and their metabolites. It is widely believed that Pgp, together with other ABC drug efflux transporters, plays a crucial role in the host detoxication and protection against xenobiotic substances. On the other hand, the presence of these transporters in normal tissues may prevent pharmacotherapeutic agents from reaching their site of action, thus limiting their therapeutic potential. This chapter focuses on P-glycoprotein, its expression, localization, and function in nontumor tissues and the pharmacological consequences hereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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198
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Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy remains a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. Resistance exists against every effective anticancer drug and can develop by numerous mechanisms including decreased drug uptake, increased drug efflux, activation of detoxifying systems, activation of DNA repair mechanisms, evasion of drug-induced apoptosis, etc. In the first part of this chapter, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on individual cellular mechanisms responsible for MDR, with a special emphasis on ATP-binding cassette transporters, perhaps the main theme of this textbook. Although extensive work has been done to characterize MDR mechanisms in vitro, the translation of this knowledge to the clinic has not been crowned with success. Therefore, identifying genes and mechanisms critical to the development of MDR in vivo and establishing a reliable method for analyzing clinical samples could help to predict the development of resistance and lead to treatments designed to circumvent it. Our thoughts about translational research needed to achieve significant progress in the understanding of this complex phenomenon are therefore discussed in a third section. The pleotropic response of cancer cells to chemotherapy is summarized in a concluding diagram.
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199
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Bazzoli C, Jullien V, Le Tiec C, Rey E, Mentré F, Taburet AM. Intracellular Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Drugs in HIV-Infected Patients, and their Correlation with Drug Action. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010; 49:17-45. [DOI: 10.2165/11318110-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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200
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Correia CT, Almeida JP, Santos PE, Sequeira AF, Marques CE, Miguel TS, Abreu RL, Oliveira GG, Vicente AM. Pharmacogenetics of risperidone therapy in autism: association analysis of eight candidate genes with drug efficacy and adverse drug reactions. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2009; 10:418-30. [PMID: 19997080 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2009.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Little has been reported on the factors, genetic or other, that underlie the variability in individual response, particularly for autism. In this study we simultaneously explored the effects of multiple candidate genes on clinical improvement and occurrence of adverse drug reactions, in 45 autistic patients who received monotherapy with risperidone up to 1 year. Candidate genes involved in the pharmacokinetics (CYP2D6 and ABCB1) and pharmacodynamics (HTR2A, HTR2C, DRD2, DRD3, HTR6) of the drug, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, were analysed. Using the generalized estimating equation method these genes were tested for association with drug efficacy, assessed with the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist, and with safety and tolerability measures, such as prolactin levels, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and neurological adverse effects, including extrapyramidal movements. Our results confirm that risperidone therapy was very effective in reducing some autism symptoms and caused few serious adverse effects. After adjusting for confounding factors, the HTR2A c.-1438G>A, DRD3 Ser9Gly, HTR2C c.995G>A and ABCB1 1236C>T polymorphisms were predictors for clinical improvement with risperidone therapy. The HTR2A c.-1438G>A, HTR2C c.68G>C (p.C33S), HTR6 c.7154-2542C>T and BDNF c.196G>A (p.V66M) polymorphisms influenced prolactin elevation. HTR2C c.68G>C and CYP2D6 polymorphisms were associated with risperidone-induced increase in BMI or waist circumference. We thus identified for the first time several genes implicated in risperidone efficacy and safety in autism patients. Although association results require replication, given the small sample size, the study makes a preliminary contribution to the personalized therapy of risperidone in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Correia
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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