151
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McGuire MK, Randall AZ, Seppo AE, Järvinen KM, Meehan CL, Gindola D, Williams JE, Sellen DW, Kamau-Mbuthia EW, Kamundia EW, Mbugua S, Moore SE, Prentice AM, Foster JA, Otoo GE, Rodríguez JM, Pareja RG, Bode L, McGuire MA, Campo JJ. Multipathogen Analysis of IgA and IgG Antigen Specificity for Selected Pathogens in Milk Produced by Women From Diverse Geographical Regions: The INSPIRE Study. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614372. [PMID: 33643297 PMCID: PMC7905217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides defense against infectious disease during early life. The mechanisms underlying this protection are complex but likely include the vast array of immune cells and components, such as immunoglobulins, in milk. Simply characterizing the concentrations of these bioactives, however, provides only limited information regarding their potential relationships with disease risk in the recipient infant. Rather, understanding pathogen and antigen specificity profiles of milk-borne immunoglobulins might lead to a more complete understanding of how maternal immunity impacts infant health and wellbeing. Milk produced by women living in 11 geographically dispersed populations was applied to a protein microarray containing antigens from 16 pathogens, including diarrheagenic E. coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogens of global health concern, and specific IgA and IgG binding was measured. Our analysis identified novel disease-specific antigen responses and suggests that some IgA and IgG responses vary substantially within and among populations. Patterns of antibody reactivity analyzed by principal component analysis and differential reactivity analysis were associated with either lower-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) or high-income countries (HICs). Antibody levels were generally higher in LMICs than HICs, particularly for Shigella and diarrheagenic E. coli antigens, although sets of S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and some M. tuberculosis antigens were more reactive in HICs. Differential responses were typically specific to canonical immunodominant antigens, but a set of nondifferential but highly reactive antibodies were specific to antigens possibly universally recognized by antibodies in human milk. This approach provides a promising means to understand how breastfeeding and human milk protect (or do not protect) infants from environmentally relevant pathogens. Furthermore, this approach might lead to interventions to boost population-specific immunity in at-risk breastfeeding mothers and their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Arlo Z Randall
- Antigen Discovery Incorporated, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Antti E Seppo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Courtney L Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Debela Gindola
- Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Awasa, Ethiopia
| | - Janet E Williams
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Daniel W Sellen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Samwel Mbugua
- Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - James A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Gloria E Otoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mark A McGuire
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Joseph J Campo
- Antigen Discovery Incorporated, Irvine, CA, United States
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152
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Sindi AS, Geddes DT, Wlodek ME, Muhlhausler BS, Payne MS, Stinson LF. Can we modulate the breastfed infant gut microbiota through maternal diet? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6133472. [PMID: 33571360 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial colonisation of the infant gut is robustly influenced by regular ingestion of human milk, a substance that contains microbes, microbial metabolites, immune proteins, and oligosaccharides. Numerous factors have been identified as potential determinants of the human milk and infant gut microbiota, including maternal diet; however, there is limited data on the influence of maternal diet during lactation on either of these. Here, we review the processes thought to contribute to human milk and infant gut bacterial colonisation and provide a basis for considering the role of maternal dietary patterns during lactation in shaping infant gut microbial composition and function. Although only one observational study has directly investigated the influence of maternal diet during lactation on the infant gut microbiome, data from animal studies suggests that modulation of the maternal gut microbiota, via diet or probiotics, may influence the mammary or milk microbiota. Additionally, evidence from human studies suggests that the maternal diet during pregnancy may affect the gut microbiota of the breastfed infant. Together, there is a plausible hypothesis that maternal diet during lactation may influence the infant gut microbiota. If substantiated in further studies, this may present a potential window of opportunity for modulating the infant gut microbiome in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar S Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beverly S Muhlhausler
- CSIRO, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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153
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The Triad Mother-Breast Milk-Infant as Predictor of Future Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020486. [PMID: 33540672 PMCID: PMC7913039 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of human milk for both mother and infant are widely acknowledged. Human milk could represent a link between maternal and offspring health. The triad mother-breast milk-infant is an interconnected system in which maternal diet and lifestyle might have effects on infant's health outcome. This link could be in part explained by epigenetics, even if the underlining mechanisms have not been fully clarified yet. The aim of this paper is to update the association between maternal diet and human milk, pointing out how maternal diet and lifestyle could be associated with breast-milk composition, hence with offspring's health outcome.
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154
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Maier JT, Daut J, Schalinski E, Fischer-Medert T, Hellmeyer L. Severe Lactational Mastitis With Complicated Wound Infection Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. J Hum Lact 2021; 37:200-206. [PMID: 33201760 DOI: 10.1177/0890334420965147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Puerperal mastitis, a complication occurring during the breastfeeding period, is often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Here we report on severe streptococcal mastitis in a lactating breast, with subsequent invasive disease and wound healing problems. MAIN ISSUE The 41-year-old woman (G2, P2) presented at 2 weeks postpartum to our hospital with painful swelling and reddening of the left breast, in addition to fever and malaise, and complained about a nipple fissure on the left breast. Previously, her 4-year-old son was treated for an acute otitis media and her husband experienced flu-like symptoms. MANAGEMENT Due to the severity of the symptoms, Clindamycin antibiotic treatment was initiated intravenously. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated in the milk. This strain is commonly known to cause infections of the upper respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue, but rarely mastitis. Furthermore, the participant developed invasive disease with abscess formation and skin erosion with a milk fistula. Special dressing was applied to promote wound healing. The participant continued breastfeeding well into the child's 2nd year of life. CONCLUSION This rare form of complicated mastitis with invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes called for an interdisciplinary approach. We want to draw attention to other pathogens causing mastitis and to alert health care workers to promote hygiene in lactating women to prevent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Theresia Maier
- 27695 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative certified, Tertiary Perinatal Center, Charité University hospital affiliate, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Daut
- 27695 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative certified, Tertiary Perinatal Center, Charité University hospital affiliate, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schalinski
- 27695 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative certified, Tertiary Perinatal Center, Charité University hospital affiliate, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni Fischer-Medert
- 27695 Centre for Breast Diseases, Vivantes Klinikum am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Hellmeyer
- 27695 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative certified, Tertiary Perinatal Center, Charité University hospital affiliate, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
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155
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Palmeri M, Mancuso I, Gaglio R, Arcuri L, Barreca S, Barbaccia P, Scatassa ML. Identification and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from raw ewes' and cows' milk collected in western Sicily: a preliminary investigation. Ital J Food Saf 2021; 9:8406. [PMID: 33532367 PMCID: PMC7844583 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2020.8406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work was carried out to investigate the Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of enterococci isolated from raw ewes’ and cows’ milk. The samples were collected from eighteen semi-extensive dairy sheep and cow farms throughout western Sicily. Plate counts, carried out on Rapid Enterococcus Agar commonly used to detect food enterococci, revealed a maximal enterococcal concentration of approximately 4.58 Log Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/mL. Colonies were isolated and differentiated based on genetic analysis by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. Thirty-eight different strains were identified. Analysis by a species-specific multiplex PCR assay grouped the strains into three Enterococcus species such as Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. The 38 strains were also investigated for their antimicrobial resistance by a phenotypic approach. All 38 Enterococcus displayed resistance to at least one or more of the antimicrobials tested confirmed that the dairy enterococci could be a vector for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. This work showed that enterococci with AMR traits are commonly present in semiextensive dairy sheep and cow farms of western Sicily pointed out the relevance of informing dairy makers and veterinary regarding the antimicrobial use in order to mitigate problems of public health and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Palmeri
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Sicily A. Mirri, Palermo
| | - Isabella Mancuso
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Sicily A. Mirri, Palermo
| | - Raimondo Gaglio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Santino Barreca
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Sicily A. Mirri, Palermo
| | - Pietro Barbaccia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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156
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Kendall E, Millard A, Beaumont J. The "weanling's dilemma" revisited: Evolving bodies of evidence and the problem of infant paleodietary interpretation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175 Suppl 72:57-78. [PMID: 33460467 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is known to be a powerful mediator of maternal and childhood health, with impacts throughout the life course. Paleodietary studies of the past 30 years have accordingly taken an enduring interest in the health and diet of young children as a potential indicator of population fertility, subsistence, and mortality patterns. While progress has been made in recent decades toward acknowledging the agency of children, many paleodietary reconstructions have failed to incorporate developments in cognate disciplines revealing synergistic dynamics between maternal and offspring biology. Paleodietary interpretation has relied heavily on the "weanling's dilemma," in which infants are thought to face a bleak choice between loss of immunity or malnutrition. Using a review of immunological and epidemiological evidence for the dynamic and supportive role that breastfeeding plays throughout the complementary feeding period, this article offers context and nuance for understanding past feeding transitions. We suggest that future interpretative frameworks for infant paleodietary and bioarchaeological research should include a broad knowledge base that keeps pace with relevant developments outside of those disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kendall
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Andrew Millard
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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157
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Nguyen MN, Hoang HTT, Xavier BB, Lammens C, Le HT, Hoang NTB, Nguyen ST, Pham NT, Goossens H, Dang AD, Malhotra-Kumar S. Prospective One Health genetic surveillance in Vietnam identifies distinct bla CTX-M-harbouring Escherichia coli in food-chain and human-derived samples. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1515.e1-1515.e8. [PMID: 33476808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We performed a One Health surveillance in Hanoi-a region with a high-density human population and livestock production, and a recognized hotspot of animal-associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-to study the contribution of blaCTX-M-carrying Escherichia coli and plasmids from food-animal sources in causing human community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs). METHODS During 2014-2015, 9090 samples were collected from CA-UTI patients (urine, n = 8564), pigs/chickens from farms and slaughterhouses (faeces, carcasses, n = 448), and from the slaughterhouse environment (surface swabs, water, n = 78). E. coli was identified in 2084 samples. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was confirmed in 235 and blaCTX-M in 198 strains by PCR with short-read plasmid sequencing. Fourteen strains were long-read sequenced to enable plasmid reconstruction. RESULTS The majority of the ESBL-producing E. coli strains harboured blaCTX-M (n = 198/235, 84%). High clonal diversity (48 sequence types, STs) and distinct, dominant STs in human sources (ST1193, n = 38/137; ST131, n = 30/137) and non-human sources (ST155, n = 25/61) indicated lack of clonal transmission between habitats. Eight blaCTX-M variants were identified; five were present in at least two sample sources. Human and food-animal strains did not show similar plasmids carrying shared blaCTX-M genes. However, IS6 elements flanking ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-orf477/IS903B structures were common across habitats. CONCLUSIONS In this study, animal-associated blaCTX-ME. coli strains or blaCTX-M plasmids were not direct sources of CA-UTIs or ESBL resistance in humans, respectively, suggesting evolutionary bottlenecks to their adaptation to a new host species. Presence of common IS6 elements flanking blaCTX-M variants in different plasmid backbones, however, highlighted the potential of these transposable elements for AMR transmission either within or across habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Ngoc Nguyen
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Basil Britto Xavier
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Lammens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hai Thanh Le
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Ngoc Thi Pham
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anh Duc Dang
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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158
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Li Q, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu L, Guo Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Guo C. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve promotes antitumor efficacy via dendritic cells-derived interleukin 12. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1868122. [PMID: 33537172 PMCID: PMC7833736 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1868122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy, as a part of the multidisciplinary therapy, has gradually gained more attention. However, only a small proportion of patients who sensitive to the therapy could gain benefits. An increasing number of studies indicate that intestinal microbiota could enhance the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy. As one of the main probiotics, Bifidobacterium plays an important role in immune regulation, which has been proved by animal research and human clinical study. But the detailed mechanism was not clearly elucidated. Here we found oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) lw01 could significantly inhibit tumor growth and up-regulate tumor cell apoptosis, which relied on the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) in tumor microenvironment, but not Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) CGMCC 1.3724 or Escherichia coli (E. coli) MG1655. In the in situ ligated intestine loop model, B. breve’s stimulation triggered the upregulated expression of DC-related chemokine CCL20 and recruited more DCs in the intestinal villi. Further study revealed the enhancement of interleukin 12 (IL-12) secretion derived from DCs is essential to B. breve’s antitumor effect, which was counteracted by the treatment of neutralizing antibody for IL-12. Meanwhile, the modulation of intestinal microbiota caused by exogenous B. breve might enhance its antitumor effect. This study provides a simple and easy way to promote antitumor immunity via B. breve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbin Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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159
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Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium breve INIA P734 (CECT 8178), a Strain Isolated from Human Breast Milk. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/1/e00871-20. [PMID: 33414282 PMCID: PMC8407684 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00871-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The draft genome sequence of Bifidobacterium breve INIA P734, a strain shared by mother and child, is reported. It consists of 50 contigs, with 2,391,925 bp, 2,099 genes, and a G+C content of 58.8%. The genome analysis revealed the absence of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity-related genes.
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160
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Ruiz L, Alba C, García-Carral C, Jiménez EA, Lackey KA, McGuire MK, Meehan CL, Foster J, Sellen DW, Kamau-Mbuthia EW, Kamundia EW, Mbugua S, Moore SE, Prentice AM, Gindola K D, Otoo GE, Pareja RG, Bode L, McGuire MA, Williams JE, Rodríguez JM. Comparison of Two Approaches for the Metataxonomic Analysis of the Human Milk Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:622550. [PMID: 33842385 PMCID: PMC8027255 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.622550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated the existence of large inter-individual and inter-population variability in the microbiota of human milk from healthy women living across variable geographical and socio-cultural settings. However, no studies have evaluated the impact that variable sequencing approaches targeting different 16S rRNA variable regions may have on the human milk microbiota profiling results. This hampers our ability to make meaningful comparisons across studies. In this context, the main purpose of the present study was to re-process and re-sequence the microbiome in a large set of human milk samples (n = 412) collected from healthy women living at diverse international sites (Spain, Sweden, Peru, United States, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana and Kenya), by targeting a different 16S rRNA variable region and reaching a larger sequencing depth. Despite some differences between the results obtained from both sequencing approaches were notable (especially regarding alpha and beta diversities and Proteobacteria representation), results indicate that both sequencing approaches revealed a relatively consistent microbiota configurations in the studied cohorts. Our data expand upon the milk microbiota results we previously reported from the INSPIRE cohort and provide, for the first time across globally diverse populations, evidence of the impact that different DNA processing and sequencing approaches have on the microbiota profiles obtained for human milk samples. Overall, our results corroborate some similarities regarding the microbial communities previously reported for the INSPIRE cohort, but some differences were also detected. Understanding the impact of different sequencing approaches on human milk microbiota profiles is essential to enable meaningful comparisons across studies. Clinical Trial Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02670278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lorena Ruiz, ; Juan Miguel Rodriguez,
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Carral
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther A. Jiménez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kimberly A. Lackey
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Michelle K. McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Courtney L. Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - James Foster
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Daniel W. Sellen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Samwel Mbugua
- Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Sophie E. Moore
- Division of Women’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Unit, Serekunda, Gambia
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debela Gindola K
- Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Gloria E. Otoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CoRE), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mark A. McGuire
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Janet E. Williams
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lorena Ruiz, ; Juan Miguel Rodriguez,
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161
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Alsharairi NA. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Interplay between a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet and the Infant Gut Microbiota and Its Therapeutic Implications for Reducing Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9580. [PMID: 33339172 PMCID: PMC7765661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is well known as playing a critical role in inflammation and asthma development. The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is suggested to affect gut microbiota; however, the effects of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota are unclear. The VLCKD appears to be more effective than caloric/energy restriction diets for the treatment of several diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. However, whether adherence to VLCKD affects the infant gut microbiota and the protective effects thereof on asthma remains uncertain. The exact mechanisms underlying this process, and in particular the potential role of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are still to be unravelled. Thus, the aim of this review is to identify the potential role of SCFAs that underlie the effects of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota, and explore whether it incurs significant implications for reducing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
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162
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Łubiech K, Twarużek M. Lactobacillus Bacteria in Breast Milk. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3783. [PMID: 33321792 PMCID: PMC7764098 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is an optimal food for infants and toddlers. The composition of breast milk adapts to the needs of the developing organism, satisfying nutritional needs at an early stage of growth and development. The results of research to date have shown that breast milk is the best food for a child, containing not only nutrients but also biologically active substances that aid in the optimal, proper growth and development of infants. Among the many components of breast milk, an important element is the probiotic microflora, including bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus spp. These organisms exert a multidirectional, health-promoting effect on the body of children who consume breast milk. The number of lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus, colonizing the breast milk environment and their species diversity varies and depends on many factors, both maternal and environmental. Breast milk, as a recommended food for infants, is an important source of probiotic microflora. The aim of this study was to present the current understanding of probiotic bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus present in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Łubiech
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30 St., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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163
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Lopez Leyva L, Brereton NJ, Koski KG. Emerging frontiers in human milk microbiome research and suggested primers for 16S rRNA gene analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:121-133. [PMID: 33425245 PMCID: PMC7770459 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the ideal food for infants due to its unique nutritional and immune properties, and more recently human milk has also been recognized as an important source of bacteria for infants. However, a substantial amount of fundamental human milk microbiome information remains unclear, such as the origin, composition and function of the community and its members. There is emerging evidence to suggest that the diversity and composition of the milk microbiome might differ between lactation stages, due to maternal factors and diet, agrarian and urban lifestyles, and geographical location. The evolution of the methods used for studying milk microbiota, transitioning from culture dependent-approaches to include culture-independent approaches, has had an impact on findings and, in particular, primer selection within 16S rRNA gene barcoding studies have led to discrepancies in observed microbiota communities. Here, the current state-of-the-art is reviewed and emerging frontiers essential to improving our understanding of the human milk microbiome are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Lopez Leyva
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Stewart Building, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Nicholas J.B. Brereton
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Kristine G. Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Stewart Building, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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164
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Bacterial Metabolites of Human Gut Microbiota Correlating with Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239234. [PMID: 33287416 PMCID: PMC7730936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a global threat to mental health that affects around 264 million people worldwide. Despite the considerable evolution in our understanding of the pathophysiology of depression, no reliable biomarkers that have contributed to objective diagnoses and clinical therapy currently exist. The discovery of the microbiota-gut-brain axis induced scientists to study the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of depression. Over the last decade, many of studies were conducted in this field. The productions of metabolites and compounds with neuroactive and immunomodulatory properties among mechanisms such as the mediating effects of the GM on the brain, have been identified. This comprehensive review was focused on low molecular weight compounds implicated in depression as potential products of the GM. The other possible mechanisms of GM involvement in depression were presented, as well as changes in the composition of the microbiota of patients with depression. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential of functional foods and psychobiotics in relieving depression were considered. The described biomarkers associated with GM could potentially enhance the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in clinical practice and represent a potential future diagnostic tool based on metagenomic technologies for assessing the development of depressive disorders.
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165
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Chen B, Ye D, Luo L, Liu W, Peng K, Shu X, Gu W, Wang X, Xiang C, Jiang M. Adhesive Bacteria in the Terminal Ileum of Children Correlates With Increasing Th17 Cell Activation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588560. [PMID: 33390964 PMCID: PMC7774322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and symbiotic bacteria are interdependent and co-evolved for millions of years. These bacteria communicate with human hosts in the gut in a contact-independent metabolite. Because most intestinal bacteria are non-adhesive, they do not penetrate the mucus layer and are not directly in contact with epithelial cells (ECs). Here, we found that there are adhesive bacteria attached to the Children's terminal ileum. And we compared the immune factors of non-adhesive bacteria in the children ileum with adhesive bacteria as well. Stimulated Th17 cell associated with adherent bacteria in the ileum ECs. SIgA responses are similar to those roles in mouse experiments. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that the expression of SAA1, IL-2, IL-17A, foxp3, RORγt, TGFβ, and protein increased in Th17 cells. Finally, we used 16S rRNA genes 454 pyrosequencing to analyze the differences in bacterial communities between adhesive and non-adhesive bacteria in the ileum. Ileum with adherent bacteria demonstrated increased mucosa-related bacteria, such as Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Butyricimonas, and Prevotella. We believe that adhesive bacteria in children’s terminal ileum associated with an increased Th17 cell activation and luminal secretory IgA. Adhesive bacteria very closely adhere to terminal ileum of children. They may play important role in human gut immunity and Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Gastrointestinal Lab, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diya Ye
- Gastrointestinal Lab, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Luo
- Gastrointestinal Lab, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weirong Liu
- Gastrointestinal Lab, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Kerong Peng
- Gastrointestinal Lab, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Shu
- Gastrointestinal Lab, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Gastrointestinal Lab, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Charlie Xiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- Gastrointestinal Lab, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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166
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Fernández L, Pannaraj PS, Rautava S, Rodríguez JM. The Microbiota of the Human Mammary Ecosystem. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:586667. [PMID: 33330129 PMCID: PMC7718026 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.586667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains a dynamic and complex site-specific microbiome, which is not assembled in an aleatory way, formed by organized microbial consortia and networks. Presence of some genera, such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Cutibacterium (formerly known as Propionibacterium), Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium, has been detected by both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. DNA from some gut-associated strict anaerobes has also been repeatedly found and some studies have revealed the presence of cells and/or nucleic acids from viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa in human milk. Colostrum and milk microbes are transmitted to the infant and, therefore, they are among the first colonizers of the human gut. Still, the significance of human milk microbes in infant gut colonization remains an open question. Clinical studies trying to elucidate the question are confounded by the profound impact of non-microbial human milk components to intestinal microecology. Modifications in the microbiota of human milk may have biological consequences for infant colonization, metabolism, immune and neuroendocrine development, and for mammary health. However, the factors driving differences in the composition of the human milk microbiome remain poorly known. In addition to colostrum and milk, breast tissue in lactating and non-lactating women may also contain a microbiota, with implications in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and in some of the adverse outcomes associated with breast implants. This and other open issues, such as the origin of the human milk microbiome, and the current limitations and future prospects are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pia S. Pannaraj
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samuli Rautava
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, New Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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167
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Metabolomic and Metataxonomic Fingerprinting of Human Milk Suggests Compositional Stability over a Natural Term of Breastfeeding to 24 Months. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113450. [PMID: 33187120 PMCID: PMC7697254 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sparse data exist regarding the normal range of composition of maternal milk beyond the first postnatal weeks. This single timepoint, observational study in collaboration with the ‘Parenting Science Gang’ citizen science group evaluated the metabolite and bacterial composition of human milk from 62 participants (infants aged 3–48 months), nearly 3 years longer than previous studies. We utilised rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) for metabolic fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene metataxonomics for microbiome composition analysis. Milk expression volumes were significantly lower beyond 24 months of lactation, but there were no corresponding changes in bacterial load, composition, or whole-scale metabolomic fingerprint. Some individual metabolite features (~14%) showed altered abundances in nursling age groups above 24 months. Neither milk expression method nor nursling sex affected metabolite and metataxonomic fingerprints. Self-reported lifestyle factors, including diet and physical traits, had minimal impact on metabolite and metataxonomic fingerprints. Our findings suggest remarkable consistency in human milk composition over natural-term lactation. The results add to previous studies suggesting that milk donation can continue up to 24 months postnatally. Future longitudinal studies will confirm the inter-individual and temporal nature of compositional variations and the use of donor milk as a personalised therapeutic.
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168
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Abstract
Human milk contains a diverse community of bacteria. The growing appreciation of commensal microbes and increasing availability of high-throughput technology has set the stage for a theory-driven approach to the study of milk microbiota, and translation of this knowledge to improve maternal and child health. We recently profiled the milk microbiota of healthy Canadian mothers and applied theory-driven causal modeling, finding that mode of breast milk feeding (nursing directly at the breast vs. pumping and feeding breast milk from a bottle) was significantly associated with milk microbiota composition. This observation could reflect an increased exposure to pumps and/or a decreased exposure to the infant mouth. Either way, it provides evidence for the retrograde mechanism of milk inoculation. Here, we discuss the implications of this research and related controversies, and raise new questions about the origins and function of milk bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghan B. Azad
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,CONTACT Meghan B. Azad 501G John Buhler Research Centre,715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MBR3E 3P4, Canada
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169
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Boix-Amorós A, Hernández-Aguilar MT, Artacho A, Collado MC, Mira A. Human milk microbiota in sub-acute lactational mastitis induces inflammation and undergoes changes in composition, diversity and load. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18521. [PMID: 33116172 PMCID: PMC7595153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-acute mastitis (SAM) is a prevalent disease among lactating women, being one of the main reasons for early weaning. Although the etiology and diagnosis of acute mastitis (AM) is well established, little is known about the underlying mechanisms causing SAM. We collected human milk samples from healthy and SAM-suffering mothers, during the course of mastitis and after symptoms disappeared. Total (DNA-based) and active (RNA-based) microbiota were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. Furthermore, mammary epithelial cell lines were exposed to milk pellets, and levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin IL8 were measured. Bacterial load was significantly higher in the mastitis samples and decreased after clinical symptoms disappeared. Bacterial diversity was lower in SAM milk samples, and differences in bacterial composition and activity were also found. Contrary to AM, the same bacterial species were found in samples from healthy and SAM mothers, although at different proportions, indicating a dysbiotic ecological shift. Finally, mammary epithelial cell exposure to SAM milk pellets showed an over-production of IL8. Our work therefore supports that SAM has a bacterial origin, with increased bacterial loads, reduced diversity and altered composition, which partly recovered after treatment, suggesting a polymicrobial and variable etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Boix-Amorós
- Department of Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Paterna, Spain
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Paterna, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Paterna, Spain.
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170
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Bacteria Residing at Root Canals Can Induce Cell Proliferation and Alter the Mechanical Properties of Gingival and Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217914. [PMID: 33114460 PMCID: PMC7672538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the importance of oral microbiota in human health and disease also leads to an expansion of the knowledge on functional, metabolic, and molecular alterations directly contributing to oral and systemic pathologies. To date, a compelling number of studies have documented the crucial role of some oral cavity-occurring microbes in the initiation and progression of cancers. Although this effect was noted primarily for Fusobacterium spp., the potential impact of other oral microbes is also worthy of investigation. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Propionibacterium acnes on the proliferation capability and mechanical features of gingival cells and cell lines derived from lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. For this purpose, we incubated selected cell lines with heat-inactivated bacteria and supernatants collected from biofilms, cultured in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, in the presence of surgically removed teeth and human saliva. The effect of oral bacteria on cell population growth is variable, with the highest growth-promoting abilities observed for E. faecalis in relation to human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and lung cancer A549 cells, and P. acnes in relation to breast cancer MCF-7 and ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells. Notably, this effect seems to depend on a delicate balance between the pro-stimulatory and toxic effects of bacterial-derived products. Regardless of the diverse effect of bacterial products on cellular proliferation capability, we observed significant alterations in stiffness of gingival and lung cancer cells stimulated with E. faecalis bacteria and corresponding biofilm supernatants, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of diseases in oral cavities and tooth tissues. Accordingly, it is proposed that analysis of cancerogenic features of oral cavity bacteria should be multivariable and should include investigation of potential alterations in cell mechanical properties. These findings corroborate the important role of oral hygiene and root canal treatment to assure the healthy stage of oral microbiota.
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171
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Garcia-Gutierrez E, Narbad A, Rodríguez JM. Autism Spectrum Disorder Associated With Gut Microbiota at Immune, Metabolomic, and Neuroactive Level. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:578666. [PMID: 33117122 PMCID: PMC7578228 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.578666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting a link between the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that patients diagnosed with ASD display alterations of the gut microbiota. These alterations do not only extend to the gut microbiota composition but also to the metabolites they produce, as a result of its connections with diet and the bidirectional interaction with the host. Thus, production of metabolites and neurotransmitters stimulate the immune system and influence the central nervous system (CNS) by stimulation of the vagal nerve, as an example of the gut-brain axis pathway. In this review we compose an overview of the interconnectivity of the different GI-related elements that have been associated with the development and severity of the ASD in patients and animal models. We review potential biomarkers to be used in future studies to unlock further connections and interventions in the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Program, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Program, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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172
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Tian M, Chen J, Liu J, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Dietary fiber and microbiota interaction regulates sow metabolism and reproductive performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:397-403. [PMID: 33364455 PMCID: PMC7750804 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a critical nutrient in sow diet and has attracted interest of animal nutritionists for many years. In addition to increase sows’ satiety, dietary fiber has been found to involve in the regulation of multiple biological functions in the sow production. The interaction of dietary fiber and gut microbes can produce bioactive metabolites, which are of great significance to sows' metabolism and reproductive performance. This article reviewed the interaction between dietary fiber and gut microbes in regulating sows' gut microbial diversity, intestinal immune system, lactation, and production performance, with the aim to provide a new strategy for the use of dietary fiber in sow diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 516042, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 516042, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 516042, China
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173
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Ouald Chaib A, Levy EI, Ouald Chaib M, Vandenplas Y. The influence of the gastrointestinal microbiome on infant colic. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:919-932. [PMID: 32633578 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1791702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although infantile colic is relatively frequent, its pathophysiology is not yet understood. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the link between infantile colic and the gastrointestinal microbiome. AREAS COVERED The gastro-intestinal microbiome may already start to develop in the womb and grows exponentially immediately after birth. Factors influencing the microbiome can cause dysbiosis and precipitate symptoms of colic through several mechanisms such as increased gas production and low grade gut inflammation. Other possible factors are immaturity of the enterohepatic bile acid cycle and administration of antibiotics and other medications during the perinatal period. An effective treatment for all colicky infants has yet to be discovered, but the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 was shown to be effective in breastfed infants with colic. The scientific databases 'Pubmed' and 'Google scholar' were searched from inception until 02/2020. Relevant articles were selected based on the abstract. EXPERT OPINION Recent literature confirmed that the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome is associated with the development of infantile colic. It can be speculated that full sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to identify the microbiome down to the species level may provide answers to the etiology and management of infantile colic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhalim Ouald Chaib
- KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elvira Ingrid Levy
- KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariam Ouald Chaib
- KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
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174
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Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: The influence of maternal stress in pregnancy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 117:26-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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175
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Bistoletti M, Bosi A, Banfi D, Giaroni C, Baj A. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Focus on the fundamental communication pathways. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 176:43-110. [PMID: 33814115 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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176
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Hori T, Matsuda K, Oishi K. Probiotics: A Dietary Factor to Modulate the Gut Microbiome, Host Immune System, and Gut-Brain Interaction. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091401. [PMID: 32933067 PMCID: PMC7563712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various benefits of probiotics to the host have been shown in numerous human clinical trials. These organisms have been proposed to act by improving the balance of the gut microbiota and enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids, as well as by interacting with host cells in the gastrointestinal tract, including immune cells, nerve cells, and endocrine cells. Although the stimulation of host cells by probiotics and subsequent signaling have been explained by in vitro experiments and animal studies, there has been some skepticism as to whether probiotics can actually interact with host cells in the human gastrointestinal tract, where miscellaneous indigenous bacteria coexist. Most recently, it has been shown that the ileal microbiota in humans after consumption of a fermented milk is occupied by probiotics for several hours, indicating that there is adequate opportunity for the ingested strain to stimulate the host cells continuously over a period of time. As the dynamics of ingested probiotics in the human gastrointestinal tract become clearer, further progress in this research area is expected to elucidate their behavior within the tract, as well as the mechanism of their physiological effects on the host.
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177
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Barden M, Richards-Rios P, Ganda E, Lenzi L, Eccles R, Neary J, Oultram J, Oikonomou G. Maternal influences on oral and faecal microbiota maturation in neonatal calves in beef and dairy production systems. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:31. [PMID: 33499967 PMCID: PMC7807724 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dam is considered an important source of microbes for the calf; consequently, the development of calf microbiota may vary with farming system due to differences between the contact the calf has with the dam. The objective of this study was to characterise the early changes in the composition of oral and faecal microbiota in beef and dairy calves (N = 10) using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The microbiota of calves was compared to selected anatomical niches on their dams which were likely to contribute to the vertical transfer of microbes. Results A total of 14,125 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified and taxonomically assigned. The oral microbiota of calves and their dams were composed of more similar microbes after the first 4 weeks of life than immediately after calving. The faecal microbiota of four-week old calves was composed of microbes which were more similar to those found in the oral microbiota of calves and adult cows than the faecal microbiota of adult cows. Specific ASVs were identified in the oral microbiota of four-week old calves that were also present in cow niches at calving, whereas very few ASVs were present in the calf faecal microbiota at four-weeks of age were present in any adult cow niche at calving. These results were observed in both beef and dairy calves. Conclusions We did not observe any marked differences in the maturation of the oral and faecal microbiota between beef or dairy calves, despite dairy calves having very limited contact with their dam. This suggests the development of gastrointestinal microbiota in calves may not be affected by continued vertical transmission of microbes from the dam. Although the calf faecal microbiota changed over the first four-weeks of life, it was composed of microbes which were phylogenetically closer to those in the oral microbiota of calves and adult cows than the faeces of adult cows. There was little evidence of persistent microbial seeding of the calf faeces from anatomical niches on the cow at calving in either beef or dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Barden
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter Richards-Rios
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Erika Ganda
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Luca Lenzi
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Eccles
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph Neary
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanne Oultram
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Georgios Oikonomou
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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178
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Anjum J, Nazir S, Tariq M, Barrett K, Zaidi A. Lactobacillus commensals autochthonous to human milk have the hallmarks of potent probiotics. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:966-980. [PMID: 32886600 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal milk is an important source of essential nutrients for the optimal growth of infants. Breastfeeding provides a continuous supply of beneficial bacteria to colonize the infant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and offers health benefits for disease prevention and immunity. The purpose of this study was to isolate novel probiotic strains from the breast milk of native Pakistani mothers and to evaluate their probiotic potential. We isolated 21 strains of bacteria from the colostrum and mature milk of 20 healthy mothers, who had vaginal deliveries and were not taking antibiotics. After phenotypic and genotypic characterization, these isolates were tested for survival in the GIT using in vitro acid and bile tests. Nine strains showing good acid tolerance were assessed for their growth rate, bile resistance and ability to hydrolyze bile salts. Out of the four Lactobacillus isolates adjudged to be most promising as probiotics, three were Lactobacillus fermentum strains and one was a strain of Lactobacillus oris. This study demonstrates that human milk is a viable source of commensal bacteria beneficial to both adults and babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasia Anjum
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nazir
- Dept of Pediatrics, Shifa International Hospitals Ltd, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kim Barrett
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093-0063, USA
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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179
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LeMay-Nedjelski L, Asbury MR, Butcher J, Ley SH, Hanley AJ, Kiss A, Unger S, Copeland JK, Wang PW, Stintzi A, O'Connor DL. Maternal Diet and Infant Feeding Practices Are Associated with Variation in the Human Milk Microbiota at 3 Months Postpartum in a Cohort of Women with High Rates of Gestational Glucose Intolerance. J Nutr 2020; 151:320-329. [PMID: 32886107 PMCID: PMC7850034 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk contains a diverse community of bacteria believed to play a role in breast health and inoculation of the infant's gastrointestinal tract. The role of maternal nutrition and infant feeding practices on the human milk microbiota remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to explore the associations between maternal diet (delivery to 3 mo postpartum), infant feeding practices, and the microbial composition and predicted function in milk from women with varied metabolic status. METHODS This was an exploratory analysis of a previously completed prospective cohort study of women with varying degrees of gestational glucose intolerance (NCT01405547). Milk samples (n = 93 mothers) were collected at 3 mo postpartum. Maternal dietary information (validated food-frequency questionnaire) and infant feeding practices (human milk exclusivity, frequency of direct breastfeeding per day) were collected. V4-16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) was conducted to determine microbiota composition. RESULTS Intake of polyunsaturated fat [β estimate (SE): 0.036 (0.018), P = 0.047] and fiber from grains [0.027 (0.013), P = 0.048] were positively associated with ɑ-diversity (Shannon index) of human milk. Overall microbial composition of human milk clustered based on human milk exclusivity (weighted UniFrac R2 = 0.034, P = 0.015; Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.041, P = 0.007), frequency of direct breastfeeding per day (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.057, P = 0.026), and maternal fiber intake from grains (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.055, P = 0.040). Total fiber, fiber from grains, dietary fat, and infant feeding practices were also associated with a number of differentially abundant taxa. The overall composition of predicted microbial functions was associated with total fiber consumption (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.067, P = 0.036) and human milk exclusivity (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.041, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Maternal consumption of fiber and fat, as well as mother's infant feeding practices, are important determinants of the human milk microbiota. Understanding whether these microbial changes impact an infant's overall health and development requires future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren LeMay-Nedjelski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle R Asbury
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Butcher
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvia H Ley
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Department of Research Design and Biostatistics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Unger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia K Copeland
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pauline W Wang
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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180
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Changes in the Bacterial Diversity of Human Milk during Late Lactation Period (Weeks 21 to 48). Foods 2020; 9:foods9091184. [PMID: 32867028 PMCID: PMC7554819 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk from a single mother was collected during a 28-week lactation period. Bacterial diversity was studied by amplicon sequencing analysis of the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the main phyla detected in the milk samples, followed by Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The proportion of Firmicutes to Proteobacteria changed considerably depending on the sampling week. A total of 411 genera or higher taxons were detected in the set of samples. Genus Streptococcus was detected during the 28-week sampling period, at relative abundances between 2.0% and 68.8%, and it was the most abundant group in 14 of the samples. Carnobacterium and Lactobacillus had low relative abundances. At the genus level, bacterial diversity changed considerably at certain weeks within the studied period. The weeks or periods with lowest relative abundance of Streptococcus had more diverse bacterial compositions including genera belonging to Proteobacteria that were poorly represented in the rest of the samples.
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181
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Effect of Sample Collection (Manual Expression vs. Pumping) and Skimming on the Microbial Profile of Human Milk Using Culture Techniques and Metataxonomic Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091278. [PMID: 32825795 PMCID: PMC7564974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk microbiota is a unique bacterial community playing a relevant role in infant health, but its composition depends on different factors (woman health, lactation stage, and geographical lactation). However, information is lacking regarding some other factors that may affect the bacterial community of human milk. In this study we aimed to study the impact of the sample collection method and the skimming procedure using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques to study the human milk microbial profile. One set of milk samples was provided by women (n = 10) in two consecutive days; half of the samples were collected the first day by manual expression and the other half on the second day by pumping. The rest of the participants (n = 17) provided milk samples that were fractionated by centrifugation; the bacterial profiles of whole milk and skimmed milk were compared by culture techniques in 10 milk samples, while those of whole milk, fat and skimmed milk were subjected to metataxonomic analysis in seven samples. Globally, the results obtained revealed high interindividual variability but that neither the use of single-use sterile devices to collect the sample nor the skimming procedure have a significant impact of the microbial profile of human samples.
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182
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Bronzo V, Lopreiato V, Riva F, Amadori M, Curone G, Addis MF, Cremonesi P, Moroni P, Trevisi E, Castiglioni B. The Role of Innate Immune Response and Microbiome in Resilience of Dairy Cattle to Disease: The Mastitis Model. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1397. [PMID: 32796642 PMCID: PMC7459693 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal health is affected by many factors such as metabolic stress, the immune system, and epidemiological features that interconnect. The immune system has evolved along with the phylogenetic evolution as a highly refined sensing and response system, poised to react against diverse infectious and non-infectious stressors for better survival and adaptation. It is now known that high genetic merit for milk yield is correlated with a defective control of the inflammatory response, underlying the occurrence of several production diseases. This is evident in the mastitis model where high-yielding dairy cows show high disease prevalence of the mammary gland with reduced effectiveness of the innate immune system and poor control over the inflammatory response to microbial agents. There is growing evidence of epigenetic effects on innate immunity genes underlying the response to common microbial agents. The aforementioned agents, along with other non-infectious stressors, can give rise to abnormal activation of the innate immune system, underlying serious disease conditions, and affecting milk yield. Furthermore, the microbiome also plays a role in shaping immune functions and disease resistance as a whole. Accordingly, proper modulation of the microbiome can be pivotal to successful disease control strategies. These strategies can benefit from a fundamental re-appraisal of native cattle breeds as models of disease resistance based on successful coping of both infectious and non-infectious stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Bronzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Dipartimento di Scienze animali, Alimentazione e Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Scienze Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (V.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Federica Riva
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Massimo Amadori
- Rete Nazionale di Immunologia Veterinaria, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulio Curone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology in Agriculture, National Research Council (CNR), 26900 Lodi, Italy; (P.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.B.); (F.R.); (G.C.); (M.F.A.); (P.M.)
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze animali, Alimentazione e Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Scienze Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (V.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology in Agriculture, National Research Council (CNR), 26900 Lodi, Italy; (P.C.); (B.C.)
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183
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Albonico F, Barelli C, Albanese D, Manica M, Partel E, Rosso F, Ripellino S, Pindo M, Donati C, Zecconi A, Mortarino M, Hauffe HC. Raw milk and fecal microbiota of commercial Alpine dairy cows varies with herd, fat content and diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237262. [PMID: 32760129 PMCID: PMC7410245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors that influence the diversity and composition of raw milk and fecal microbiota in healthy commercial dairy herds are not fully understood, partially because the majority of metataxonomic studies involve experimental farms and/or single factors. We analyzed the raw milk and fecal microbiota of 100 healthy cows from 10 commercial alpine farms from the Province of Trento, Italy, using metataxonomics and applied statistical modelling to investigate which extrinsic and intrinsic parameters (e.g. herd, diet and milk characteristics) correlated with microbiota richness and composition in these relatively small traditional farms. We confirmed that Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families dominated the fecal and milk samples of these dairy cows, but in addition, we found an association between the number of observed OTUs and Shannon entropy on each farm that indicates higher microbiota richness is associated with increased microbiota stability. Modelling showed that herd was the most significant factor affecting the variation in both milk and fecal microbiota composition. Furthermore, the most important predictors explaining the variation of microbiota richness were milk characteristics (i.e. percentage fat) and diet for milk and fecal samples, respectively. We discuss how high intra-herd variation could affect the development of treatments based on microbiota manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Albonico
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universiy of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Barelli
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Erika Partel
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Fausta Rosso
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Ripellino
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all’ Adige (TN), Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zecconi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Heidi C. Hauffe
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
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184
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Ding J, Liao N, Zheng Y, Yang L, Zhou H, Xu K, Han C, Luo H, Qin C, Tang C, Wei L, Meng H. The Composition and Function of Pigeon Milk Microbiota Transmitted From Parent Pigeons to Squabs. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1789. [PMID: 32849405 PMCID: PMC7417789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian neonates obtain antibodies, nutrients, and microbiota from breast milk that help them resist the complex growth environment. Similar to mammals' lactation behavior for their offspring, parent pigeons regurgitate pigeon milk (PM) from their crops to feed the squabs. Whether pigeon milk is as valuable as mammalian milk is not clear, especially in terms of microbiota. This study adopted 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbial composition and function in pigeon milk. We found abundant microbiota in pigeon milk. The dominant genera in parent pigeons' milk were Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Veillonella, and Bifidobacterium. An analysis of squab milk (SM) showed that Lactobacillus also accounted for a considerable proportion, followed by Bifidobacterium. Most of the squab milk microbial genera were also detected in parent pigeons. Microbial functional analysis showed that the squab milk microbes were more involved in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. These findings indicated that microbiota play an important role in squabs and can be transmitted from parent pigeons to squabs by pigeon milk. The presence of plentiful probiotics in squabs also suggests that adding probiotics in artificial pigeon milk may promote the growth and development of squabs and improve the production performance of pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxiao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixi Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Tang
- Shanghai Xinrong Big Emperor Pigeon Breeding Professional Cooperation, Shanghai, China
| | - Longxing Wei
- Fengxian District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - He Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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185
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Role of Lactobacillus biofilms in Listeria monocytogenes adhesion to glass surfaces. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 334:108804. [PMID: 32818764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can form long-lasting biofilms on food-contact surfaces. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have shown promise in antagonizing this microorganism in liquid media. However, the ecological relationships differ when cells are forming biofilms. In this work, we propose the use of Lactobacillus biofilms as surface "conditioners" to modulate the adhesion of L. monocytogenes. For this, the biofilm formation ability of Lactobacillus fermentum MP26 and Lactobacillus salivarius MP14 (human milk origin), fluorescently labeled by transfer of the mCherry-encoding pRCR12 plasmid, was first evaluated. Then, mature biofilms of these strains transformed with pRCR12 for expressing the fluorescent protein mCherry were used as adhesion substrate for GFP-tagged L. monocytogenes Scott A. The resulting biofilms were studied in terms of cellular population and attached biomass (cells plus matrix). Species distribution inside the biofilm structure was revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Although none of the Lactobacillus spp. strains reduced the adhesion of L. monocytogenes Scott A, species interactions seem to interfere with the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances and species distribution inside the biofilms. In dual-species biofilms, CLSM images revealed that Lactobacillus cells were trapping those of L. monocytogenes Scott A. When surfaces were conditioned with Lactobacillus biofilms, the spatial distribution of L. monocytogenes Scott A cells was species-specific, suggesting these interactions are governing the ultimate biofilm structure. The results here obtained open new possibilities for controlling L. monocytogenes dispersal using these Lactobacillus spp. biofilms as a "natural" immobilization way. Whether species interactions could modify the virulence of L. monocytogenes still remains unclear.
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186
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In vitro comparison of biofilm formation and acidogenicity between human breast milk and other milk formulas. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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187
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O'Neill IJ, Sanchez Gallardo R, Saldova R, Murphy EF, Cotter PD, McAuliffe FM, van Sinderen D. Maternal and infant factors that shape neonatal gut colonization by bacteria. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:651-664. [PMID: 32552141 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1784725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early life is a critical developmental window coinciding with the establishment of a community of neonatal gut microbes which are vitally important for immune development. The composition of this microbial community is affected by multiple factors. AREAS COVERED The effect of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy maternal health, maternal nutrition, pregnancy disorders such as gestational diabetes, maternal antibiotic usage, delivery mode, infant feeding, and infant antibiotic usage on gut microbial composition are outlined along with the potential impact of associated microbiota differences on infant health. EXPERT OPINION Recent developments in understanding what shapes our microbiota indicates that the greatest impact on infant gut microbiota composition during the first year of life is seen with the mode of delivery, infant diet, and infant antibiotic usage. Current data is insufficient to fully establish the role of apparently less important factors such as maternal health on microbiota development although their impact is likely smaller. Technological advances will allow for improved understanding of underlying mechanisms by which specific microbes impact on infant health, which in time will enable full appreciation of the role of the gut microbiota in early life development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J O'Neill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland
| | - Rocio Sanchez Gallardo
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research, and Training (NIBRT) , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen F Murphy
- Alimentary Health Group, Cork Airport Business Park , Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre , Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland
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188
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Abstract
The oral microbiome of healthy older adults has valuable information about a healthy microbiome. In this study, we collected and analyzed the oral microbiome of denture plaque and tongue coating samples from four female centenarians. After DNA extraction and purification, pyrosequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA was carried out. The bacterial taxonomy for each lead was assigned based on a search of the EzBioCloud 16S database. We obtained a total of 199,723 valid, quality-controlled reads for denture plaque and 210,750 reads for tongue coating. The reads were assigned 407 operational taxonomic units with a 97% identity cutoff. Twenty-nine species were detected in both denture plaque and tongue coatings from all subjects. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum; the Streptococcus salivarius group was the most abundant species in both the denture plaque and tongue coatings; and the Fusobacterium nucleatum group was detected in all subjects. In the bacterial profile, species formed clusters composed of bacteria with a wide range of prevalence and abundance, not dependent on phyla; each cluster may have specific species that could be candidates for a core microbiome. Firmicutes and Veillonella were abundant phyla on both plaque and tongue coatings of centenarians.
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189
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The Infant Gut Microbiota and Risk of Asthma: The Effect of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081119. [PMID: 32722458 PMCID: PMC7466123 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has amply demonstrated that early life dysbiosis of the gut microbiota influences the propensity to develop asthma. The influence of maternal nutrition on infant gut microbiota is therefore of growing interest. However, a handful of prospective studies have examined the role of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy in influencing the infant gut microbiota but did not assess whether this resulted in an increased risk of asthma later in life. The mechanisms involved in the process are also, thus far, poorly documented. There have also been few studies examining the effect of maternal dietary nutrient intake during lactation on the milk microbiota, the effect on the infant gut microbiota and, furthermore, the consequences for asthma development remain largely unknown. Therefore, the specific aim of this mini review is summarizing the current knowledge regarding the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota composition, and whether it has implications for asthma development.
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190
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LeMay-Nedjelski L, Butcher J, Ley SH, Asbury MR, Hanley AJ, Kiss A, Unger S, Copeland JK, Wang PW, Zinman B, Stintzi A, O'Connor DL. Examining the relationship between maternal body size, gestational glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery and ethnicity on human milk microbiota at three months post-partum. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:219. [PMID: 32689933 PMCID: PMC7372813 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined how maternal body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery and ethnicity affect the microbial composition of human milk and none have examined associations with maternal metabolic status. Given the high prevalence of maternal adiposity and impaired glucose metabolism, we systematically investigated the associations between these maternal factors in women ≥20 years and milk microbial composition and predicted functionality by V4-16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (NCT01405547; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01405547 ). Demographic data, weight, height, and a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test were gathered at 30 (95% CI: 25-33) weeks gestation, and milk samples were collected at 3 months post-partum (n = 113). RESULTS Multivariable linear regression analyses demonstrated no significant associations between maternal characteristics (maternal BMI [pre-pregnancy, 3 months post-partum], glucose tolerance, mode of delivery and ethnicity) and milk microbiota alpha-diversity; however, pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with human milk microbiota beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.037). Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI > 30 kg/m2 (obese) had a greater incidence of Bacteroidetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 3.70 [95% CI: 1.61-8.48]) and a reduced incidence of Proteobacteria (0.62 [0.43-0.90]) in their milk, compared to women with an overweight BMI (25.0-29.9 kg/m2) as assessed by multivariable Poisson regression. An increased incidence of Gemella was observed among mothers with gestational diabetes who had an overweight BMI versus healthy range BMI (5.96 [1.85-19.21]). An increased incidence of Gemella was also observed among mothers with impaired glucose tolerance with an obese BMI versus mothers with a healthy range BMI (4.04 [1.63-10.01]). An increased incidence of Brevundimonas (16.70 [5.99-46.57]) was found in the milk of women who underwent an unscheduled C-section versus vaginal delivery. Lastly, functional gene inference demonstrated that pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with an increased abundance of genes encoding for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathway in milk (coefficient = 0.0024, PFDR < 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Human milk has a diverse microbiota of which its diversity and differential abundance appear associated with maternal BMI, glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery, and ethnicity. Further research is warranted to determine whether this variability in the milk microbiota impacts colonization of the infant gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren LeMay-Nedjelski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James Butcher
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sylvia H Ley
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2001, Mail Box 8318, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Michelle R Asbury
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Department of Research Design and Biostatistics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Sharon Unger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Julia K Copeland
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Pauline W Wang
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
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191
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Bosi A, Banfi D, Bistoletti M, Giaroni C, Baj A. Tryptophan Metabolites Along the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: An Interkingdom Communication System Influencing the Gut in Health and Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920928984. [PMID: 32577079 PMCID: PMC7290275 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920928984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘microbiota-gut-brain axis’ plays a fundamental role in maintaining host homeostasis, and different immune, hormonal, and neuronal signals participate to this interkingdom communication system between eukaryota and prokaryota. The essential aminoacid tryptophan, as a precursor of several molecules acting at the interface between the host and the microbiota, is fundamental in the modulation of this bidirectional communication axis. In the gut, tryptophan undergoes 3 major metabolic pathways, the 5-HT, kynurenine, and AhR ligand pathways, which may be directly or indirectly controlled by the saprophytic flora. The importance of tryptophan metabolites in the modulation of the gastrointestinal tract is suggested by several preclinical and clinical studies; however, a thorough revision of the available literature has not been accomplished yet. Thus, this review attempts to cover the major aspects on the role of tryptophan metabolites in host-microbiota cross-talk underlaying regulation of gut functions in health conditions and during disease states, with particular attention to 2 major gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both characterized by psychiatric disorders. Research in this area opens the possibility to target tryptophan metabolism to ameliorate the knowledge on the pathogenesis of both diseases, as well as to discover new therapeutic strategies based either on conventional pharmacological approaches or on the use of pre- and probiotics to manipulate the microbial flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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192
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Weström B, Arévalo Sureda E, Pierzynowska K, Pierzynowski SG, Pérez-Cano FJ. The Immature Gut Barrier and Its Importance in Establishing Immunity in Newborn Mammals. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1153. [PMID: 32582216 PMCID: PMC7296122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is an efficient barrier which protects against the passage of pathogenic microorganisms and potential harmful macromolecules into the body, in addition to its primary function of nutrient digestion and absorption. Contrary to the restricted macromolecular passage in adulthood, enhanced transfer takes place across the intestines during early life, due to the high endocytic capacity of the immature intestinal epithelial cells during the fetal and/or neonatal periods. The timing and extent of this enhanced endocytic capacity is dependent on animal species, with a prominent non-selective intestinal macromolecular transfer in newborn ungulates, e.g., pigs, during the first few days of life, and a selective transfer of mainly immunoglobulin G (IgG), mediated by the FcRn receptor, in suckling rodents, e.g., rats and mice. In primates, maternal IgG is transferred during fetal life via the placenta, and intestinal macromolecular transfer is largely restricted in human neonates. The period of intestinal macromolecular transmission provides passive immune protection through the transfer of IgG antibodies from an immune competent mother; and may even have extra-immune beneficial effects on organ maturation in the offspring. Moreover, intestinal transfer during the fetal/neonatal periods results in increased exposure to microbial and food antigens which are then presented to the underlying immune system, which is both naïve and immature. This likely stimulates the maturation of the immune system and shifts the response toward tolerance induction instead of activation or inflammation, as usually seen in adulthood. Ingestion of mother's milk and the dietary transition to complex food at weaning, as well as the transient changes in the gut microbiota during the neonatal period, are also involved in the resulting immune response. Any disturbances in timing and/or balance of these parallel processes, i.e., intestinal epithelial maturation, luminal microbial colonization and mucosal immune maturation due to, e.g., preterm birth, infection, antibiotic use or nutrient changes during the neonatal period, might affect the establishment of the immune system in the infant. This review will focus on how differing developmental processes in the intestinal epithelium affect the macromolecular passage in different species and the possible impact of such passage on the establishment of immunity during the critical perinatal period in young mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Weström
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ester Arévalo Sureda
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Biotech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Kateryna Pierzynowska
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Animal Physiology, Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Jablonna, Poland
| | - Stefan G. Pierzynowski
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Francisco-José Pérez-Cano
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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193
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Profiles of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Their Relations to the Milk Microbiota of Breastfeeding Mothers in Dubai. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061727. [PMID: 32526930 PMCID: PMC7353065 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of human breast milk is affected by several factors, including genetics, geographic location and maternal nutrition. This study investigated the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) of breastfeeding mothers living in Dubai and their relations with the milk microbiota. A total of 30 breast milk samples were collected from healthy Emirati and UAE-expatriates at Latifa Hospital. HMO profiling was performed using UHPLC-MS. Microbiota profiles were determined by sequencing amplicons of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. HMO concentrations were significantly higher in Emirati, and dropped with the lactation period in both groups of mothers. The Le (a-b+)-secretor (Le+Se+) type was the most abundant in Dubai mothers (60%), followed by the Le(a-b-)-secretor (Le-Se+) type (23%). Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were considerably lower in Dubai-based mothers, while Pseudomonas and Delftia (Hydrogenophaga) were detected at a higher abundance compared to mothers from other countries. Atopobium was correlated with sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose c, Leptotrichia and Veillonella were correlated with 6'-sialyl-lactose, and Porphyromonas was correlated with lacto-N-hexaose. The study highlights the HMO profiles of breastfeeding mothers in Dubai and reveals few correlations with milk microbial composition. Targeted genomic analyses may help in determining whether these differences are due to genetic variations or to sociocultural and environmental factors.
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194
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Dong Z, Liu Y, Pan H, Wang H, Wang X, Xu X, Xiao K, Liu M, Xu Z, Li L, Zhang Y. The Effects of High-Salt Gastric Intake on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Wistar Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922160. [PMID: 32504527 PMCID: PMC7297027 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high-salt diet may result in chronic disease and changes in the intestinal microbiota. This pilot study aimed to investigate the microbial composition of the intestine in Wistar rats given intragastric high-salt infusions for four weeks. Material/Methods Six 4-week-old male Wistar rats were fed standard chow and divided into the high-salt group (n=3) and the control study group (n=3). Rats in the high-salt group were given 1 ml of 10% NaCl solution intragastrically three times per week for four weeks. The fecal pellets were collected, and the microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing that targeted the V4 region. The relative abundance of microbial populations was compared using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) statistical analysis for the identification of biomarkers between two or more groups, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Microbial genome prediction was performed using the phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstructing the unobserved states (PICRUSt) bioinformatics software. Results There was no significant difference in the alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota between the high-salt group and the control group. However, PCA showed structural segregation between the two groups. Further analysis using LEfSe showed that the intestinal contents in the high-salt group had significantly reduced populations of Lactobacillus and Prevotella NK3B31, and a significant increase in Alloprevotella and Prevotella 9, without physiological or pathological changes. Conclusions A pilot study in Wistar rats showed that high-salt intake was associated with a change in the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanbin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongwei Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongchun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Infertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lanbo Li
- Department of Animal Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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195
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Moossavi S, Fehr K, Derakhshani H, Sbihi H, Robertson B, Bode L, Brook J, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Sears MR, Khafipour E, Subbarao P, Azad MB. Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:146. [PMID: 32503420 PMCID: PMC7275434 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungi constitute an important yet frequently neglected component of the human microbiota with a possible role in health and disease. Fungi and bacteria colonise the infant gastrointestinal tract in parallel, yet most infant microbiome studies have ignored fungi. Milk is a source of diverse and viable bacteria, but few studies have assessed the diversity of fungi in human milk. Results Here we profiled mycobiota in milk from 271 mothers in the CHILD birth cohort and detected fungi in 58 (21.4%). Samples containing detectable fungi were dominated by Candida, Alternaria, and Rhodotorula, and had lower concentrations of two human milk oligosaccharides (disialyllacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-hexaose). The presence of milk fungi was associated with multiple outdoor environmental features (city, population density, and season), maternal atopy, and early-life antibiotic exposure. In addition, despite a strong positive correlation between bacterial and fungal richness, there was a co-exclusion pattern between the most abundant fungus (Candida) and most of the core bacterial genera. Conclusion We profiled human milk mycobiota in a well-characterised cohort of mother-infant dyads and provide evidence of possible host-environment interactions in fungal inoculation. Further research is required to establish the role of breastfeeding in delivering fungi to the developing infant, and to assess the health impact of the milk microbiota in its entirety, including both bacterial and fungal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kelsey Fehr
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Hind Sbihi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bianca Robertson
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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196
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Cranz S, Valster S, Vulders R, Dellimore K. Carbon dioxide as a novel indicator for bacterial growth in milk. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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197
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Corona-Cervantes K, García-González I, Villalobos-Flores LE, Hernández-Quiroz F, Piña-Escobedo A, Hoyo-Vadillo C, Rangel-Calvillo MN, García-Mena J. Human milk microbiota associated with early colonization of the neonatal gut in Mexican newborns. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9205. [PMID: 32509465 PMCID: PMC7247532 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human milk microbiota plays a role in the bacterial colonization of the neonatal gut, which has important consequences in the health and development of the newborn. However, there are few studies about the vertical transfer of bacteria from mother to infant in Latin American populations. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study characterizing the bacterial diversity of 67 human milk-neonatal stool pairs by high-throughput sequencing of V3-16S rDNA libraries, to assess the effect of the human milk microbiota on the bacterial composition of the neonate's gut at early days. Results Human milk showed higher microbial diversity as compared to the neonatal stool. Members of the Staphylococcaceae and Sphingomonadaceae families were more prevalent in human milk, whereas the Pseudomonadaceae family, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium genera were in the neonatal stool. The delivery mode showed association with the neonatal gut microbiota diversity, but not with the human milk microbiota diversity; for instance, neonates born by C-section showed greater richness and diversity in stool microbiota than those born vaginally. We found 25 bacterial taxa shared by both ecosystems and 67.7% of bacteria found in neonate stool were predicted to originate from human milk. This study contributes to the knowledge of human milk and neonatal stool microbiota in healthy Mexican population and supports the idea of vertical mother-neonate transmission through exclusive breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Corona-Cervantes
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Igrid García-González
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Loan Edel Villalobos-Flores
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Quiroz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alberto Piña-Escobedo
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carlos Hoyo-Vadillo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Martín Noé Rangel-Calvillo
- Hospital General "Dr. José María Rodríguez", Instituto de Salud del Estado de México, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
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198
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Angelopoulou A, Warda AK, O'Connor PM, Stockdale SR, Shkoporov AN, Field D, Draper LA, Stanton C, Hill C, Ross RP. Diverse Bacteriocins Produced by Strains From the Human Milk Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:788. [PMID: 32508758 PMCID: PMC7248182 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial colonization of the infant gut is a convoluted process dependent on numerous contributing factors, including age, mode of delivery and diet among others that has lifelong implication for human health. Breast milk also contains a microbiome which acts as a source of colonizing bacteria for the infant. Here, we demonstrate that human milk harbors a wide diversity of bacteriocin-producing strains with the potential to compete among the developing gut microbiota of the infant. We screened 37 human milk samples and found isolates with antimicrobial activity and distinct cross-immunity profiles. From these isolates, we detected 73 putative gene clusters for bacteriocins of all known sub-classes, including 16 novel prepeptides. More specifically, we detected two novel lantibiotics, four sactibiotics and three class IIa bacteriocins with an unusual modification of the pediocin box that is composed of YDNGI instead of the highly conserved motif YGNGV. Moreover, we identified a novel class IIb bacteriocin, four novel class IIc and two class IId bacteriocins. In conclusion, human milk contains a variety of bacteriocin-producing strains which may provide them a competitive advantage in the colonization of the infant gut and suggests that the milk microbiota is a source of antimicrobial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Angelopoulou
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicja K Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula M O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | | | | | - Des Field
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
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Tenea GN, Suárez J. Probiotic Potential and Technological Properties of Bacteriocinogenic Lactococcus lactis Subsp. Lactis UTNGt28 from a Native Amazonian Fruit as a Yogurt Starter Culture. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E733. [PMID: 32422963 PMCID: PMC7285064 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A native Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis UTNGt28 (GenBank accession no: MG675576.1) isolated from Amazonian fruit of the tropical Caimitillo (Chrysophyllum oliviforme) tree and the commercial strain Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis ATCC11454 (LacAT) were targeted ex vitro in whole milk in combination with Streptococcus thermophilus ATCC19258 to obtain a fermented probiotic beverage. Concomitant with cell viability determination during storage (28 days), the pH, titratable acidity, syneresis, protein and fat were evaluated. The results indicated that neither UTNGt28 nor LacAT displayed a high capacity to ferment whole milk and survive during storage; a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in cell viability was registered for UTNGt28 compared with LacAT when inoculated alone or in combination with S. thermophilus. A principal component analysis showed a clear difference between the yogurt formulations at day 1 and 28 of storage. The PC 1 explained 46.8% of the total variance (day 28), was loaded in the negative (-) direction with titratable acidity (% lactic acid), while the PC 2 explained 22.5% (day 1) with pH. PC 1 was loaded in the positive (+) direction with pH, cell viability, syneresis, fat and protein. Overall results indicated that UTNGt28 has the technological properties for further development of a new probiotic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Tenea
- Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group, Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Technical University of the North, Av. 17 de Julio s-21 Barrio El Olivo, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador
| | - Jimena Suárez
- Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group, Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Technical University of the North, Av. 17 de Julio s-21 Barrio El Olivo, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador
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200
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Chouraqui JP. Does the contribution of human milk oligosaccharides to the beneficial effects of breast milk allow us to hope for an improvement in infant formulas? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1503-1514. [PMID: 32393048 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1761772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is a source of nutrients and contains many distinct bioactive components. Among these, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have attracted considerable attention and are being investigated as a "novel foods". Human milk is unique in its oligosaccharide composition. Recent research has focused on the complexity of HMOs by highlighting their diversity, structural variability, concentration variance, and structure-function relationships. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that HMOs drive infant gut microbiota, improve intestinal barrier functions, and modulate cell receptor signaling, thereby contributing to the development of infant immunity. These studies, combined with epidemiological data, indicate that some HMO may confer health benefits by preventing infections and diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis and allergies. However, randomized controlled trials are restricted to structurally simple compounds such as 2' fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose. More controlled clinical trials are needed to justify routine supplementation of formula. It is felt that a better understanding of the role of HMOs leading to the development of inexpensive methods for large-scale HMO production is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Chouraqui
- Division of Pediatrics, Woman, Mother and Child Department, Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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