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Abstract
The highly conserved Notch signalling pathway functions in many different developmental and homeostatic processes, which raises the question of how this pathway can achieve such diverse outcomes. With a direct route from the membrane to the nucleus, the Notch pathway has fewer opportunities for regulation than do many other signalling pathways, yet it generates exquisitely patterned structures, including sensory hair cells and branched arterial networks. More confusingly, its activity promotes tissue growth and cancers in some circumstances but cell death and tumour suppression in others. Many different regulatory mechanisms help to shape the activity of the Notch pathway, generating functional outputs that are appropriate for each context. These mechanisms include the receptor-ligand landscape, the tissue topology, the nuclear environment and the connectivity of the regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Bray
- Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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152
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Liu X, Yun F, Shi L, Li ZH, Luo NR, Jia YF. Roles of Signaling Pathways in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:6201-6. [PMID: 26434817 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process though which an epithelial phenotype can be converted into a phenotype of mesenchymal cells. Under physiological conditions EMT is important for embryogenesis, organ development, wound repair and tissue remodeling. However, EMT may also be activated under pathologic conditions, especially in carcinogenesis and metastatic progression. Major signaling pathways involved in EMT include transforming growth factor β(TGF-β), Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and other signaling pathways. These pathways are related to several transcription factors, including Twist, Smads and zinc finger proteins snail and slug. These interact with each other to provide crosstalk between the relevant signaling pathways. This review lays emphasis on studying the relationship between EMT and signaling pathways in carcinogenesis and metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China E-mail :
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153
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Safdar K, Gu A, Xu X, Au V, Taylor J, Flibotte S, Moerman DG, Maine EM. UBR-5, a Conserved HECT-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Negatively Regulates Notch-Type Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:2125-34. [PMID: 27185398 PMCID: PMC4938665 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.027805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Notch-type signaling mediates cell-cell interactions important for animal development. In humans, reduced or inappropriate Notch signaling activity is associated with various developmental defects and disease states, including cancers. Caenorhabditis elegans expresses two Notch-type receptors, GLP-1 and LIN-12. GLP-1 mediates several cell-signaling events in the embryo and promotes germline proliferation in the developing and adult gonad. LIN-12 acts redundantly with GLP-1 in certain inductive events in the embryo and mediates several cell-cell interactions during larval development. Recovery of genetic suppressors and enhancers of glp-1 or lin-12 loss- or gain-of-function mutations has identified numerous regulators of GLP-1 and LIN-12 signaling activity. Here, we report the molecular identification of sog-1, a gene identified in screens for recessive suppressors of conditional glp-1 loss-of-function mutations. The sog-1 gene encodes UBR-5, the sole C. elegans member of the UBR5/Hyd family of HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases. Molecular and genetic analyses indicate that the loss of ubr-5 function suppresses defects caused by reduced signaling via GLP-1 or LIN-12. In contrast, ubr-5 mutations do not suppress embryonic or larval lethality associated with mutations in a downstream transcription factor, LAG-1. In the gonad, ubr-5 acts in the receiving cells (germ cells) to limit GLP-1 signaling activity. SEL-10 is the F-box component of SCF(SEL-10) E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex that promotes turnover of Notch intracellular domain. UBR-5 acts redundantly with SEL-10 to limit Notch signaling in certain tissues. We hypothesize that UBR-5 activity limits Notch-type signaling by promoting turnover of receptor or limiting its interaction with pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Safdar
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, New York 13244
| | - Anniya Gu
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, New York 13244
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, New York 13244
| | - Vinci Au
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jon Taylor
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Donald G Moerman
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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154
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Zong D, Ouyang R, Li J, Chen Y, Chen P. Notch signaling in lung diseases: focus on Notch1 and Notch3. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2016; 10:468-84. [PMID: 27378579 PMCID: PMC5933616 DOI: 10.1177/1753465816654873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell–cell communication mechanism
that plays a key role in lung homeostasis, injury and repair. The loss of
regulation of Notch signaling, especially Notch1 and Notch3, has recently been
linked to the pathogenesis of important lung diseases, in particular, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary
arterial hypertension (PAH), lung cancer and lung lesions in some congenital
diseases. This review focuses on recent advances related to the mechanisms and
the consequences of aberrant or absent Notch1/3 activity in the initiation and
progression of lung diseases. Our increasing understanding of this signaling
pathway offers great hope that manipulating Notch signaling may represent a
promising alternative complementary therapeutic strategy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
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155
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Foetal hepatic progenitor cells assume a cholangiocytic cell phenotype during two-dimensional pre-culture. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28283. [PMID: 27335264 PMCID: PMC4917868 DOI: 10.1038/srep28283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver consists of parenchymal hepatocytes and other cells. Liver progenitor cell (LPC) is the origin of both hepatocytes and cholangiocytic cells. The analyses of mechanism regulating differentiation of LPCs into these functional cells are important for liver regenerative therapy using progenitor cells. LPCs in adult livers were found to form cysts with cholangiocytic characteristics in 3D culture. In contrast, foetal LPCs cannot form these cholangiocytic cysts in the same culture. Thus, the transition of foetal LPCs into cholangiocytic progenitor cells might occur during liver development. Primary CD45−Ter119−Dlk1+ LPCs derived from murine foetal livers formed ALBUMIN (ALB)+CYTOKERATIN (CK)19− non-cholangiocytic cysts within 3D culture. In contrast, when foetal LPCs were pre-cultured on gelatine-coated dishes, they formed ALB−CK19+ cholangiocytic cysts. When hepatocyte growth factor or oncostatin M, which are inducers of hepatocytic differentiation, was added to pre-culture, LPCs did not form cholangiocytic cysts. These results suggest that the pre-culture on gelatine-coated dishes changed the characteristics of foetal LPCs into cholangiocytic cells. Furthermore, neonatal liver progenitor cells were able to form cholangiocytic cysts in 3D culture without pre-culture. It is therefore possible that the pre-culture of mid-foetal LPCs in vitro functioned as a substitute for the late-foetal maturation step in vivo.
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156
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D'Amato G, Luxán G, de la Pompa JL. Notch signalling in ventricular chamber development and cardiomyopathy. FEBS J 2016; 283:4223-4237. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano D'Amato
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC); Madrid Spain
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC); Madrid Spain
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157
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Harvey BM, Rana NA, Moss H, Leonardi J, Jafar-Nejad H, Haltiwanger RS. Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16348-60. [PMID: 27268051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of the Notch receptor is essential for its activity and serves as an important modulator of signaling. Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. The majority of the O-fucose sites were modified to high stoichiometries. Upon expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch, we observed varying degrees of elongation beyond O-fucose monosaccharide, indicating that Fringe preferentially modifies certain sites more than others. Rumi modified O-glucose sites to high stoichiometries, although elongation of the O-glucose was site-specific. Although the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation predicts 18 O-GlcNAc sites on Notch, we only observed apparent O-GlcNAc modification at five sites. In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. These data provide foundational information for future studies investigating the mechanisms of how O-glycosylation regulates Notch activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M Harvey
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215
| | - Nadia A Rana
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215
| | - Hillary Moss
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215
| | - Jessica Leonardi
- the Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- the Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215,
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158
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Wu WR, Zhang R, Shi XD, Yi C, Xu LB, Liu C. Notch2 is a crucial regulator of self-renewal and tumorigenicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:181-8. [PMID: 27221981 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway plays an important role in both stem cell biology and cancer. Notch2 was reported to be upregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. However, the biological function of Notch2 in human HCC cells has not yet been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate its possible function on the progression of human HCC cells. The expression of Notch2 was detected in four human HCC cell lines by western blotting. Next, Notch2 was knocked down by small interference RNA (siRNA) in human HCC cells. The role of Notch2 in human HCC cells was investigated by cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, chemoresistance and xenograft formation assay. In the present study, western blotting revealed that the expression of Notch2 was upregulated in human HCC cell lines. Genetic depletion of Notch2 in HCC cells not only resulted in significantly inhibited proliferation, cell cycle progression and colony formation ability but also increased its sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) compared with controls. In addition, upregulation of Notch2 was discovered in CD90 positive HCC cells, CD90 is a marker of hepatic stem cells. Most importantly, knockdown of Notch2 in HCC cells impaired the tumor formation in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that Notch2 may confer stemness properties in HCC; downregulation of Notch2 inhibited the proliferation and tumor formation of HCC cells and increase their sensitivity to 5-FU, suggesting Notch2 as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-De Shi
- SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Cao Yi
- Department of Emergency, SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Bo Xu
- SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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159
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160
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Edeling M, Ragi G, Huang S, Pavenstädt H, Susztak K. Developmental signalling pathways in renal fibrosis: the roles of Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:426-39. [PMID: 27140856 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common histological manifestation of functional decline in the kidney. Fibrosis is a reactive process that develops in response to excessive epithelial injury and inflammation, leading to myofibroblast activation and an accumulation of extracellular matrix. Here, we describe how three key developmental signalling pathways - Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) - are reactivated in response to kidney injury and contribute to the fibrotic response. Although transient activation of these pathways is needed for repair of injured tissue, their sustained activation is thought to promote fibrosis. Excessive Wnt and Notch expression prohibit epithelial differentiation, whereas increased Wnt and Hh expression induce fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblastic transdifferentiation. Notch, Wnt and Hh are fundamentally different signalling pathways, but their choreographed activation seems to be just as important for fibrosis as it is for embryonic kidney development. Decreasing the activity of Notch, Wnt or Hh signalling could potentially provide a new therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the development of fibrosis in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Edeling
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, 415 Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Molecular Nephrology, Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 33, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Grace Ragi
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, 415 Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shizheng Huang
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, 415 Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Molecular Nephrology, Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 33, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, 415 Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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161
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NOTCH3 Is Induced in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Promotes Angiogenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154112. [PMID: 27124156 PMCID: PMC4849776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Notch signaling is involved in many types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). However, the role of Notch signaling in the tumor microenvironment is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of NOTCH3 signaling in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in OSCCs. Immunohistochemical study of 93 human tongue OSCC cases indicated that about one third of OSCCs showed NOTCH3 expression in CAFs, and that this expression significantly correlated with tumor-size. In vitro study showed that OSCC cell lines, especially HO1-N-1 cells stimulated NOTCH3 expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) through direct cell-to-cell contact. Immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis using human OSCC samples demonstrated that NOTCH3 expression in CAFs significantly correlated with micro-vessel density in cancer stroma. In vitro angiogenesis assays involving co-culture of NHDFs with HO1-N-1 and human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs), and NOTCH3 knockdown in NHDFs using siRNA, demonstrated that HO1-N-1 cells significantly promoted tube formation dependent on NOTCH3-expression in NHDFs. Moreover, NOTCH3 expression in CAFs was related to poor prognosis of the OSCC patients. This work provides a new insight into the role of Notch signaling in CAFs associated with tumor angiogenesis and the possibility of NOTCH3-targeted molecular therapy in OSCCs.
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162
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MacGrogan D, D'Amato G, Travisano S, Martinez-Poveda B, Luxán G, Del Monte-Nieto G, Papoutsi T, Sbroggio M, Bou V, Gomez-Del Arco P, Gómez MJ, Zhou B, Redondo JM, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, de la Pompa JL. Sequential Ligand-Dependent Notch Signaling Activation Regulates Valve Primordium Formation and Morphogenesis. Circ Res 2016; 118:1480-97. [PMID: 27056911 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for primitive cardiac valve formation by epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and NOTCH1 mutations cause bicuspid aortic valve; however, the temporal requirement for the various Notch ligands and receptors during valve ontogeny is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the functional specificity of Notch in valve development. METHODS AND RESULTS Using cardiac-specific conditional targeted mutant mice, we find that endothelial/endocardial deletion of Mib1-Dll4-Notch1 signaling, possibly favored by Manic-Fringe, is specifically required for cardiac epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mice lacking endocardial Jag1, Notch1, or RBPJ displayed enlarged valve cusps, bicuspid aortic valve, and septal defects, indicating that endocardial Jag1 to Notch1 signaling is required for post-epithelial-mesenchymal transition valvulogenesis. Valve dysmorphology was associated with increased mesenchyme proliferation, indicating that Jag1-Notch1 signaling restricts mesenchyme cell proliferation non-cell autonomously. Gene profiling revealed upregulated Bmp signaling in Jag1-mutant valves, providing a molecular basis for the hyperproliferative phenotype. Significantly, the negative regulator of mesenchyme proliferation, Hbegf, was markedly reduced in Jag1-mutant valves. Hbegf expression in embryonic endocardial cells could be readily activated through a RBPJ-binding site, identifying Hbegf as an endocardial Notch target. Accordingly, addition of soluble heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor to Jag1-mutant outflow tract explant cultures rescued the hyperproliferative phenotype. CONCLUSIONS During cardiac valve formation, Dll4-Notch1 signaling leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cushion formation. Jag1-Notch1 signaling subsequently restrains Bmp-mediated valve mesenchyme proliferation by sustaining Hbegf-EGF receptor signaling. Our studies identify a mechanism of signaling cross talk during valve morphogenesis involved in the origin of congenital heart defects associated with reduced NOTCH function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal MacGrogan
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Stanislao Travisano
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Poveda
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Tania Papoutsi
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Mauro Sbroggio
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Vanesa Bou
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Pablo Gomez-Del Arco
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Manuel Jose Gómez
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.).
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Tang Z, Wei J, Yu Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Tang W, Long J, Zheng X, Jing W. γ-Secretase inhibitor reverts the Notch signaling attenuation of osteogenic differentiation in aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:439-47. [PMID: 26801333 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The age-related changes in cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play pivotal roles in the fracture healing process, especially in geriatric individuals. This study was designed to explore the age-related changes in murine BMSCs and the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in aged BMSCs in vitro. Notch signaling pathway took part in the regulation of osteogensis, while the relationship between Notch and the osteogenic differentiation in aged BMSCs has not been reported yet. BMSCs harvested from the bone marrow of young, adult, and aged C57BL/6 mice were cultured in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation media. Histochemical staining results indicated that the osteogenic ability of BMSCs gradually decreased with aging, whereas the adipogenic ability increased. Cell activity assays showed that the proliferative and migrated capacity did not decline with aging significantly. According to real-time PCR and Western blotting results, the aged cells exhibited higher Notch signaling expression level than the younger ones did. After the aged BMSCs being treated with γ-secretase inhibitor, however, Notch activity was changed and the aging-imparied osteogenic ability reverted to a normal level. This study demonstrated that the decreased bone formation capacity in aged BMSCs had relationship with the transdifferentiation between osteogenesis and adipogenesis, which would be regulated by Notch signaling pathway and the attenuated osteogenesis in aged BMSCs could be promoted when the inhibition of Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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164
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Lynch AM, Wagner BD, Deterding RR, Giclas PC, Gibbs RS, Janoff EN, Holers VM, Santoro NF. The relationship of circulating proteins in early pregnancy with preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:517.e1-517.e8. [PMID: 26576488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth (PTB) (< 37 completed weeks' gestation) is a pathological outcome of pregnancy and a major global health problem. Babies born preterm have an elevated risk for long-term adverse medical and neurodevelopmental sequelae. Substantial evidence implicates intrauterine infection and/or inflammation in PTB. However, these are often relatively late findings in the process, when PTB is inevitable. Identification of earlier markers of PTB may make successful intervention possible. Although select proteins, notably those related to the inflammatory pathways, have been associated with PTB, there has been a lack of research into the role of other protein pathways in the development of PTB. The purpose of this study was to investigate, using a previously described biomarker discovery approach, a subset of circulating proteins and their association with PTB focusing on samples from early pregnancy. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were as follows: (1) to perform a large-scale biomarker discovery, utilizing an innovative platform to identify proteins associated with preterm birth in plasma taken between 10 and 15 weeks' gestation and, (2) to determine which protein pathways are most strongly associated with preterm birth. To address these aims, we measured 1129 proteins in a plasma sample from early pregnancy using a multiplexed aptamer-based proteomic technology developed in Colorado by SomaLogic. STUDY DESIGN Using a nested case-control approach, we measured proteins at a single time point in early pregnancy in 41 women who subsequently delivered preterm and 88 women who had term uncomplicated deliveries. We measured 1129 proteins using a multiplexed aptamer-based proteomic technology developed by SomaLogic. Logistic regressions and random forests were used to compare protein levels. RESULTS The complement factors B and H and the coagulation factors IX and IX ab were the highest-ranking proteins distinguishing cases of preterm birth from term controls. The top 3 pathways associated with preterm birth were the complement cascade, the immune system, and the clotting cascade. CONCLUSION Using a discovery approach, these data provide further confirmation that there is an association of immune- and coagulation-related events in early pregnancy with preterm birth. Thus, plasma protein profiles at 10-15 weeks of gestation are related to the development of preterm birth later in pregnancy.
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165
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Yen WC, Fischer MM, Axelrod F, Bond C, Cain J, Cancilla B, Henner WR, Meisner R, Sato A, Shah J, Tang T, Wallace B, Wang M, Zhang C, Kapoun AM, Lewicki J, Gurney A, Hoey T. Targeting Notch signaling with a Notch2/Notch3 antagonist (tarextumab) inhibits tumor growth and decreases tumor-initiating cell frequency. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 21:2084-95. [PMID: 25934888 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Notch pathway plays an important role in both stem cell biology and cancer. Dysregulation of Notch signaling has been reported in several human tumor types. In this report, we describe the development of an antibody, OMP-59R5 (tarextumab), which blocks both Notch2 and Notch3 signaling. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We utilized patient-derived xenograft tumors to evaluate antitumor effect of OMP-59R5. Immunohistochemistry, RNA microarray, real-time PCR, and in vivo serial transplantation assays were employed to investigate the mechanisms of action and pharmacodynamic readouts. RESULTS We found that anti-Notch2/3, either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents was efficacious in a broad spectrum of epithelial tumors, including breast, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers. Notably, the sensitivity of anti-Notch2/3 in combination with gemcitabine in pancreatic tumors was associated with higher levels of Notch3 gene expression. The antitumor effect of anti-Notch2/3 in combination with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel was greater than the combination effect with gemcitabine alone. OMP-59R5 inhibits both human and mouse Notch2 and Notch3 function and its antitumor activity was characterized by a dual mechanism of action in both tumor and stromal/vascular cells in xenograft experiments. In tumor cells, anti-Notch2/3 inhibited expression of Notch target genes and reduced tumor-initiating cell frequency. In the tumor stroma, OMP-59R5 consistently inhibited the expression of Notch3, HeyL, and Rgs5, characteristic of affecting pericyte function in tumor vasculature. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that blockade of Notch2/3 signaling with this cross-reactive antagonist antibody may be an effective strategy for treatment of a variety of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ching Yen
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California.
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Cain
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | | | - Rene Meisner
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Aaron Sato
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Jalpa Shah
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Tracy Tang
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Min Wang
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Chun Zhang
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Ann M Kapoun
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - John Lewicki
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Austin Gurney
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Timothy Hoey
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
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166
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Singh KD, Roschitzki B, Snoek LB, Grossmann J, Zheng X, Elvin M, Kamkina P, Schrimpf SP, Poulin GB, Kammenga JE, Hengartner MO. Natural Genetic Variation Influences Protein Abundances in C. elegans Developmental Signalling Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149418. [PMID: 26985669 PMCID: PMC4795773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex traits, including common disease-related traits, are affected by many different genes that function in multiple pathways and networks. The apoptosis, MAPK, Notch, and Wnt signalling pathways play important roles in development and disease progression. At the moment we have a poor understanding of how allelic variation affects gene expression in these pathways at the level of translation. Here we report the effect of natural genetic variation on transcript and protein abundance involved in developmental signalling pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. We used selected reaction monitoring to analyse proteins from the abovementioned four pathways in a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from the wild-type strains N2 (Bristol) and CB4856 (Hawaii) to enable quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. About half of the cases from the 44 genes tested showed a statistically significant change in protein abundance between various strains, most of these were however very weak (below 1.3-fold change). We detected a distant QTL on the left arm of chromosome II that affected protein abundance of the phosphatidylserine receptor protein PSR-1, and two separate QTLs that influenced embryonic and ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis on chromosome IV. Our results demonstrate that natural variation in C. elegans is sufficient to cause significant changes in signalling pathways both at the gene expression (transcript and protein abundance) and phenotypic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev Singh
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Roschitzki
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Basten Snoek
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xue Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Elvin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Polina Kamkina
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine P. Schrimpf
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gino B. Poulin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jan E. Kammenga
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael O. Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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167
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Context-Dependent Sensitivity to Mutations Disrupting the Structural Integrity of Individual EGF Repeats in the Mouse Notch Ligand DLL1. Genetics 2016; 202:1119-33. [PMID: 26801181 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.184515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved Notch-signaling pathway mediates cell-to-cell communication and is pivotal for multiple developmental processes and tissue homeostasis in adult organisms. Notch receptors and their ligands are transmembrane proteins with multiple epidermal-growth-factor-like (EGF) repeats in their extracellular domains. In vitro the EGF repeats of mammalian ligands that are essential for Notch activation have been defined. However, in vivo the significance of the structural integrity of each EGF repeat in the ligand ectodomain for ligand function is still unclear. Here, we analyzed the mouse Notch ligand DLL1. We expressed DLL1 proteins with mutations disrupting disulfide bridges in each individual EGF repeat from single-copy transgenes in the HPRT locus of embryonic stem cells. In Notch transactivation assays all mutations impinged on DLL1 function and affected both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 receptors similarly. An allelic series in mice that carried the same point mutations in endogenous Dll1, generated using a mini-gene strategy, showed that early developmental processes depending on DLL1-mediated NOTCH activation were differently sensitive to mutation of individual EGF repeats in DLL1. Notably, some mutations affected only somite patterning and resulted in vertebral column defects resembling spondylocostal dysostosis. In conclusion, the structural integrity of each individual EGF repeat in the extracellular domain of DLL1 is necessary for full DLL1 activity, and certain mutations in Dll1 might contribute to spondylocostal dysostosis in humans.
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168
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Jimenez SA, Piera-Velazquez S. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Myth or reality? Matrix Biol 2016; 51:26-36. [PMID: 26807760 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of skin and multiple internal organs and severe functional and structural microvascular alterations. SSc is considered to be the prototypic systemic fibrotic disorder. Despite currently available therapeutic approaches SSc has a high mortality rate owing to the development of SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), complications that have emerged as the most frequent causes of disability and mortality in SSc. The pathogenesis of the fibrotic process in SSc is complex and despite extensive investigation the exact mechanisms have remained elusive. Myofibroblasts are the cells ultimately responsible for tissue fibrosis and fibroproliferative vasculopathy in SSc. Tissue myofibroblasts in SSc originate from several sources including expansion of quiescent tissue fibroblasts and tissue accumulation of CD34+ fibrocytes. Besides these sources, myofibroblasts in SSc may result from the phenotypic conversion of endothelial cells into activated myofibroblasts, a process known as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Recently, it has been postulated that EndoMT may play a role in the development of SSc-associated ILD and PAH. However, although several studies have described the occurrence of EndoMT in experimentally induced cardiac, renal, and pulmonary fibrosis and in several human disorders, the contribution of EndoMT to SSc-associated ILD and PAH has not been generally accepted. Here, the experimental evidence supporting the concept that EndoMT plays a role in the pathogenesis of SSc-associated ILD and PAH will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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169
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Zhang Q, Lu C, Fang T, Wang Y, Hu W, Qiao J, Liu B, Liu J, Chen N, Li M, Zhu R. Notch3 functions as a regulator of cell self-renewal by interacting with the β-catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3669-79. [PMID: 25668819 PMCID: PMC4414145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a role in cell proliferation, differentiation. Emerging data have revealed aberrant Notch3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether Notch3 plays a role in tumorigenesis or tumor progression is unclear. In this study, we found that over 71.8% of the cases studied had high Notch3 expression levels (n = 32); Notch3 expression positively correlated with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (p = 0.0311) and negatively correlated with the differentiation grade (p = 0.042). We demonstrated that the patients with higher levels of Notch3 expression commonly had a poor prognosis. We discovered that Notch3 expression is inversely correlated with β-catenin content but positively associated with the protein level of Nanog. In parallel, we found that Notch3 attenuation resulted in the upregulation of β-catenin and the downregulation of Nanog in the hepatoma cell lines QGY7701 and HepG2. The downregulation of Notch3 enhanced the sensitivity to cisplatin in the QGY7701 and HepG2 cells and inhibited the ability of QGY7701 cells to form tumors. The Notch3-positive cells had higher levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and a tendency to differentiate into Notch3-negative cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Notch3 plays a role in modulating the stemness of tumor cells via the inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Caijie Lu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yongcun Wang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Wenhua Hu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Nianping Chen
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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170
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The many roles of Notch signaling during vertebrate somitogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 49:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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171
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Liu P, Man Y, Wang Y, Bao Y. Mechanism of BMP9 promotes growth of osteosarcoma mediated by the Notch signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1367-1370. [PMID: 26893744 PMCID: PMC4734305 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), also known as growth differentiation factor 2, plays a key role in promoting osteosarcoma growth. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism of BMP9 promoting the growth of osteosarcoma mediated by the Notch signaling pathway. Osteosarcoma cell lines, 143B and MG63, were used for the in vitro experiments. Cell proliferation, cell migration and cell cycle transformation were monitored under various settings. The control and experimental groups used in the present study were BMP9 adenovirus (AdBMP9), a recombinant adenovirus expressing the dominant-negative mutant of Notch1 (AdR-dnNotch1), AdBMP9+AdR-dnNotch1 and AdBMP9+compound E (blocker of the Notch signaling pathway). The results showed that Notch ligands DLL1, JAG1 and JAG2, as well as Notch receptors Notch1, Notch2 and Notch3 were markedly expressed in the two cell lines. Cell proliferation and migration ability increased in the AdBMP9 group and were higher than that in the AdBMP9+AdR-dn Notch1 and AdBMP9+compound E group. Cell proliferation and migration in the AdR-dnNothc1 group was lower than that in the AdBMP9 group, although the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The cell cycle ratio in the S/G2 phase increased significantly in the AdBMP9 group and was higher than that in the AdBMP9+AdR-dnNotch1 and AdBMP9+compound E groups. By contrast, the ratio of the cell cycle in S/G2 phase in the AdR-dnNotch1 group was lower than that in the AdBMP9 group. The differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, the results showed that the Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in mediating the growth of osteosarcoma promoted by BMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiang Man
- Department of Orthopedics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Shizhong District, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277102, P.R. China
| | - Yusong Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
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172
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Kitagawa M. Notch signalling in the nucleus: roles of Mastermind-like (MAML) transcriptional coactivators. J Biochem 2015; 159:287-94. [PMID: 26711237 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signalling plays pivotal roles in development and homeostasis of all metazoan species. Notch is a receptor molecule that directly translates information of cell-cell contact to gene expression in the nucleus. Mastermind is a conserved and essential nuclear factor that supports the activity of Notch. Here, the past and current studies of the interplay between these factors are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Kitagawa
- Department of Molecular and Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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173
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Tosur M, Geary CA, Matalon R, Radhakrishnan RS, Swischuk LE, Tarry WF, Dong J, Lee PDK. Persistence of müllerian duct structures in a genetic male with distal monosomy 10q. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:791-6. [PMID: 25820398 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent müllerian duct syndrome (PMD) with antimüllerian hormone (AMH) deficiency is usually associated with mutations or deletions of the AMH gene, although many cases have no identified gene association. We report on a genetic male with PMD and AMH deficiency associated with distal monosomy 10q. A term 3,230 g infant was born to a healthy 27-year-old. Fetal ultrasound had shown possible genital ambiguity. Postnatal exam showed a 0.5 cm phallus with basal meatus, normal scrotum with no palpable gonads, no vaginal orifice, and a rectal fistula with an imperforate anus. Voiding cystourethrogram with ultrasound, cystoscopy, and laparoscopy showed normal bladder, urethral orifice, distal vagina, cervix, and bilateral abdominal testis. At 24 hours of life, testosterone was within normal range with low AMH level. Chromosome microarray analysis showed 46, XY, del10(10q25.3q26.13) involving an 8.2 MB interstitial deletion. Whole exome sequencing identified a NOTCH2 variant (1p11.2). AMH sequencing revealed no abnormalities. Following multidisciplinary team and parent discussion, male gender was assigned. Testosterone treatment resulted in penile length of 1.5 cm. Bilateral orchiopexy and posterior sagittal anorectoplasty were performed at 11 months of age; rudimentary müllerian structures were identified. This observation suggests an association of 10qter elements with male differentiation including AMH expression and is similar to a patient with 46, XY, del(10q26.1) in which AMH levels were not reported. Regional candidate genes include FGFR2 (10q26.13). The possible contribution of a NOTCH2 variant cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tosur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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174
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Lin CY, Barry-Holson KQ, Allison KH. Breast cancer stem cells: are we ready to go from bench to bedside? Histopathology 2015; 68:119-37. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
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175
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Bexarotene-Activated Retinoid X Receptors Regulate Neuronal Differentiation and Dendritic Complexity. J Neurosci 2015; 35:11862-76. [PMID: 26311769 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1001-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bexarotene-activated retinoid X receptors (RXRs) ameliorate memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease mouse models, including mice expressing human apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms. The goal of this study was to gain further insight into molecular mechanisms whereby ligand-activated RXR can affect or restore cognitive functions. We used an unbiased approach to discover genome-wide changes in RXR cistrome (ChIP-Seq) and gene expression profile (RNA-Seq) in response to bexarotene in the cortex of APOE4 mice. Functional categories enriched in both datasets revealed that bexarotene-liganded RXR affected signaling pathways associated with neurogenesis and neuron projection development. To further validate the significance of RXR for these functions, we used mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, primary neurons, and APOE3 and APOE4 mice treated with bexarotene. In vitro data from ES cells confirmed that bexarotene-activated RXR affected neuronal development at different levels, including proliferation of neural progenitors and neuronal differentiation, and stimulated neurite outgrowth. This effect was validated in vivo by demonstrating an increased number of neuronal progenitors after bexarotene treatment in the dentate gyrus of APOE3 and APOE4 mice. In primary neurons, bexarotene enhanced the dendritic complexity characterized by increased branching, intersections, and bifurcations. This effect was confirmed by in vivo studies demonstrating that bexarotene significantly improved the compromised dendritic structure in the hippocampus of APOE4 mice. We conclude that bexarotene-activated RXRs promote genetic programs involved in the neurogenesis and development of neuronal projections and these results have significance for the improvement of cognitive deficits. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Bexarotene-activated retinoid X receptors (RXRs) ameliorate memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease mouse models, including mice expressing human apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms. The goal of this study was to gain further insight into molecular mechanisms whereby ligand-activated RXR can affect or restore cognitive functions. We used an unbiased approach to discover genome-wide changes in RXR cistrome (ChIP-Seq) and gene expression profile (RNA-Seq) in response to bexarotene in the cortex of APOE4 mice. Functional categories enriched in both datasets revealed that liganded RXR affected signaling pathways associated with neurogenesis and neuron projection development. The significance of RXR for these functions was validated in mouse embryonic stem cells, primary neurons, and APOE3 and APOE4 mice treated with bexarotene.
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176
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Jagged1 (JAG1): Structure, expression, and disease associations. Gene 2015; 576:381-4. [PMID: 26548814 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Jagged1 (JAG1) is one of the 5 cell surface ligands that functions primarily in the highly conserved Notch signaling pathway. Notch signaling plays a critical role in cellular fate determination and is active throughout development and across many organ systems. The classic JAG1-NOTCH interaction leads to a cascade of proteolytic cleavages resulting in the NOTCH intracellular domain being transported into the nucleus where it functions to activate downstream transcription of target genes. JAG1 mutations have been associated with several disorders including the multi-system dominant disorder Alagille syndrome, and some cases of tetralogy of Fallot (although these may represent variable expressivity of Alagille syndrome). In addition, variations in JAG1 have been found to be associated with multiple types of cancer including breast cancer and adrenocortical carcinoma. Alagille syndrome, which primarily affects the liver, heart, skeleton, eye, face, kidney and vasculature is caused by loss of function mutations in JAG1, demonstrating that haploinsufficiency for JAG1 is disease causing, at least in these tissues. Expression and conditional gene knockout studies of JAG1 (Jag1) have correlated with tissue-specific disease phenotypes and have provided insight into both disease pathogenesis and human development.
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177
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Wang L, Song G, Liu M, Chen B, Chen Y, Shen Y, Zhu J, Zhou X. MicroRNA-375 overexpression influences P19 cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation through the Notch signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:47-55. [PMID: 26531318 PMCID: PMC4687438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported that microRNA-375 (miR-375) is significantly upregulated in ventricular septal myocardial tissues from 22‑week‑old fetuses with ventricular septal defect as compared with normal controls. In the present study, the specific effects of miR‑375 on P19 cell differentiation into cardiomyocyte‑like cells were investigated. Stable P19 cell lines overexpressing miR‑375 or containing empty vector were established, which could be efficiently induced into cardiomyocyte‑like cells in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide in vitro. miR‑375 overexpression was verified using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). Cell proliferation was determined according to total cell counts; cell cycle distribution and apoptosis levels were examined using flow cytometry. Apoptosis‑related morphological changes were observed using Hoechst staining and fluorescence microscopy. During P19 cell differentiation, the cardiomyogenesis‑related mRNAs (cardiac troponin T, GATA binding protein 4, myocyte‑specific enhancer factor 2C) and mRNAs involved in the Notch signaling pathway (Notch2, Delta‑like 1 and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1) were detected at days 0, 4, 6 and 10. Their differential expression was examined using RT‑qPCR; the apoptosis‑related genes BAX and Bcl‑2 were also detected using this method. The corresponding proteins were evaluated by western blotting. Compared with the control group, miR‑375 overexpression inhibited proliferation but promoted apoptosis in P19 cells, and the associated mRNAs and proteins were decreased during differentiation. miR‑375 has an important role in cardiomyocyte differentiation, and can disrupt this process via the Notch signaling pathway. The present findings contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of congenital heart disease and facilitate the development of new gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Guixian Song
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Shen
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jingai Zhu
- Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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178
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Ahn KJ, Yoon JK, Kim GB, Kwon BS, Go JM, Moon JS, Bae EJ, Noh CI. Alagille syndrome and a JAG1 mutation: 41 cases of experience at a single center. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015; 58:392-7. [PMID: 26576184 PMCID: PMC4644768 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2015.58.10.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Alagille syndrome is a complex hereditary disorder that is associated with cardiac, hepatic, skeletal, ocular, and facial abnormalities. Mutations in the Notch signaling pathway, such as in JAG1 and NOTCH2, play a key role in embryonic development. A cardiac or hepatic presentation is a critical factor for determining the prognosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 41 patients with Alagille syndrome or a JAG1 mutation between 1983 and 2013. Results The first presentations were jaundice, murmur, cyanosis, and small bowel obstruction at a median age of 1.0 months (range, 0-24 months). The JAG1 mutation was found in 27 of the 28 genetically-tested patients. Cardiovascular anomalies were identified in 36 patients, chronic cholestasis was identified in 34, and liver transplantation was performed in 9. There was no significant correlation between the severity of the liver and cardiac diseases. The most common cardiovascular anomaly was peripheral pulmonary stenosis (83.3%), with 13 patients having significant hemodynamic derangement and 12 undergoing surgical repair. A total bilirubin level of >15 mg/dL with a complex surgical procedure increased the surgical mortality (P=0.022). Eight patients died after a median period of 2.67 years (range, 0.33-15 years). The groups with fetal presentation and with combined severe liver and heart disease had the poorest survival (P<0.001). Conclusion The group with combined severe liver and heart disease had the poorest survival, and a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Sang Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Go
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Su Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Il Noh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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179
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Izumi K, Hayashi D, Grochowski CM, Kubota N, Nishi E, Arakawa M, Hiroma T, Hatata T, Ogiso Y, Nakamura T, Falsey AM, Hidaka E, Spinner NB. Discordant clinical phenotype in monozygotic twins with Alagille syndrome: Possible influence of non-genetic factors. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:471-475. [PMID: 26463753 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alagille syndrome is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by bile duct paucity, congenital heart disease, vertebral anomalies, posterior embryotoxon, and characteristic facial features. Alagille syndrome is typically the result of germline mutations in JAG1 or NOTCH2 and is one of several human diseases caused by Notch signaling abnormalities. A wide phenotypic spectrum has been well documented in Alagille syndrome. Therefore, monozygotic twins with Alagille syndrome provide a unique opportunity to evaluate potential phenotypic modifiers such as environmental factors or stochastic effects of gene expression. In this report, we describe an Alagille syndrome monozygotic twin pair with discordant placental and clinical findings. We propose that environmental factors such as prenatal hypoxia may have played a role in determining the phenotypic severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Christopher M Grochowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Arakawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Takehiko Hiroma
- Division of Neonatology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hatata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ogiso
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakamura
- Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Division of Neonatology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Alexandra M Falsey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eiko Hidaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Nancy B Spinner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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180
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Li ASW, Marikawa Y. An in vitro gastrulation model recapitulates the morphogenetic impact of pharmacological inhibitors of developmental signaling pathways. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:1015-36. [PMID: 26387793 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Certain chemical agents act as teratogens, causing birth defects and fetal deaths when pregnant women are exposed to them. The establishment of in vitro models that recapitulate crucial embryonic events is therefore vital to facilitate screening of potential teratogens. Previously, we created a three-dimensional culture method for mouse P19C5 embryonal carcinoma stem cells that, when cultured as embryoid bodies, display elongation morphogenesis resembling gastrulation, which is the critical event resulting in the germ layers and major body axes. Determination of how well this in vitro morphogenesis represents in vivo gastrulation is essential to assess its applicability as well as to identify limitations of the model for detecting teratogenic agents. Here, we investigated the morphological and molecular characteristics of P19C5 morphogenesis using pharmacological agents that are known to cause abnormal patterning in the embryo in vivo by inhibiting major developmental signaling--e.g., involving Wnt, Nodal, Bone morphogenic protein (Bmp), Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), Retinoic acid, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways. Inhibitors of Wnt, Nodal, Bmp, Fgf, and Retinoic acid signaling caused distinct changes in P19C5 morphogenesis that were quantifiable using morphometric parameters. These five inhibitors, plus the Notch inhibitor, also altered temporal expression profiles of developmental regulator genes in a manner consistent with the in vivo roles of the corresponding signaling pathways. In contrast, the Hedgehog inhibitor did not have any impact on the process, suggesting an absence of active Hedgehog signaling in these embryoid bodies. These results indicate that the P19C5 in vitro gastrulation model is a promising tool to screen for teratogenic agents that interfere with many of the key developmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen S W Li
- Developmental and Reproductive Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii
| | - Yusuke Marikawa
- Developmental and Reproductive Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii
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181
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Hyperglycemia impairs left-right axis formation and thereby disturbs heart morphogenesis in mouse embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5300-7. [PMID: 26351675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504529112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects with heterotaxia are associated with pregestational diabetes mellitus. To provide insight into the mechanisms underlying such diabetes-related heart defects, we examined the effects of high-glucose concentrations on formation of the left-right axis in mouse embryos. Expression of Pitx2, which plays a key role in left-right asymmetric morphogenesis and cardiac development, was lost in the left lateral plate mesoderm of embryos of diabetic dams. Embryos exposed to high-glucose concentrations in culture also failed to express Nodal and Pitx2 in the left lateral plate mesoderm. The distribution of phosphorylated Smad2 revealed that Nodal activity in the node was attenuated, accounting for the failure of left-right axis formation. Consistent with this notion, Notch signal-dependent expression of Nodal-related genes in the node was also down-regulated in association with a reduced level of Notch signaling, suggesting that high-glucose concentrations impede Notch signaling and thereby hinder establishment of the left-right axis required for heart morphogenesis.
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182
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Haltom AR, Jafar-Nejad H. The multiple roles of epidermal growth factor repeat O-glycans in animal development. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1027-42. [PMID: 26175457 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeat is a common, evolutionarily conserved motif found in secreted proteins and the extracellular domain of transmembrane proteins. EGF repeats harbor six cysteine residues which form three disulfide bonds and help generate the three-dimensional structure of the EGF repeat. A subset of EGF repeats harbor consensus sequences for the addition of one or more specific O-glycans, which are initiated by O-glucose, O-fucose or O-N-acetylglucosamine. These glycans are relatively rare compared to mucin-type O-glycans. However, genetic experiments in model organisms and cell-based assays indicate that at least some of the glycosyltransferases involved in the addition of O-glycans to EGF repeats play important roles in animal development. These studies, combined with state-of-the-art biochemical and structural biology experiments have started to provide an in-depth picture of how these glycans regulate the function of the proteins to which they are linked. In this review, we will discuss the biological roles assigned to EGF repeat O-glycans and the corresponding glycosyltransferases. Since Notch receptors are the best studied proteins with biologically-relevant O-glycans on EGF repeats, a significant part of this review is devoted to the role of these glycans in the regulation of the Notch signaling pathway. We also discuss recently identified proteins other than Notch which depend on EGF repeat glycans to function properly. Several glycosyltransferases involved in the addition or elongation of O-glycans on EGF repeats are mutated in human diseases. Therefore, mechanistic understanding of the functional roles of these carbohydrate modifications is of interest from both basic science and translational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Haltom
- Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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183
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Weller S, Descatoire M. [IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells in human: an essential role in the protection against encapsulated bacteria]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:647-53. [PMID: 26152169 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, CD27+ blood B cells with mutated immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors comprise two major populations: isotype-switched memory cells (IgG+ or IgA+CD27+) and IgM+IgD+CD27+ cells. While switched CD27+ cells are generated in germinal centers (GC) by T-dependent (TD) responses, the origin of IgM+IgD+CD27+ cells is still controversial. Data including ours support the view that these cells can develop and mutate along a GC-independent pathway and that they represent circulating marginal zone B (MZB) cells involved in T-independent (TI) responses. Our data provide evidence for a developmental diversification of these MZB cells, at least in very young children, outside of TD and TI immune responses. The identification of a human MZB cell precursor with NOTCH2-dependent differentiation properties further argue in favor of the existence of a MZB cell lineage in humans, like in rodents. At last, a role for Toll-like receptors in the development and/or maintenance of IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weller
- Institut Necker-Enfants malades (INEM), Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, faculté de médecine, site Broussais, 14, rue Maria Helena Viera Da Silva, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Marc Descatoire
- Institut Necker-Enfants malades (INEM), Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, faculté de médecine, site Broussais, 14, rue Maria Helena Viera Da Silva, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
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184
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Abstract
Myelination of axons in the nervous system of vertebrates enables fast, saltatory impulse propagation, one of the best-understood concepts in neurophysiology. However, it took a long while to recognize the mechanistic complexity both of myelination by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells and of their cellular interactions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of myelin biogenesis, its lifelong plasticity, and the reciprocal interactions of myelinating glia with the axons they ensheath. In the central nervous system, myelination is also stimulated by axonal activity and astrocytes, whereas myelin clearance involves microglia/macrophages. Once myelinated, the long-term integrity of axons depends on glial supply of metabolites and neurotrophic factors. The relevance of this axoglial symbiosis is illustrated in normal brain aging and human myelin diseases, which can be studied in corresponding mouse models. Thus, myelinating cells serve a key role in preserving the connectivity and functions of a healthy nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; ,
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185
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Identification of the Mind Bomb1 Interaction Domain in Zebrafish DeltaD. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127864. [PMID: 26020642 PMCID: PMC4447371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation promotes endocytosis of the Notch ligands like Delta and Serrate and is essential for them to effectively activate Notch in a neighboring cell. The RING E3 ligase Mind bomb1 (Mib1) ubiquitylates DeltaD to facilitate Notch signaling in zebrafish. We have identified a domain in the intracellular part of the zebrafish Notch ligand DeltaD that is essential for effective interactions with Mib1. We show that elimination of the Mind bomb1 Interaction Domain (MID) or mutation of specific conserved motifs in this domain prevents effective Mib1-mediated ubiquitylation and internalization of DeltaD. Lateral inhibition mediated by Notch signaling regulates early neurogenesis in zebrafish. In this context, Notch activation suppresses neurogenesis, while loss of Notch-mediated lateral inhibition results in a neurogenic phenotype, where too many cells are allowed to become neurons. While Mib1-mediated endocytosis of DeltaD is essential for effective activation of Notch in a neighboring cell (in trans) it is not required for DeltaD to inhibit function of Notch receptors in the same cell (in cis). As a result, forms of DeltaD that have the MID can activate Notch in trans and suppress early neurogenesis when mRNA encoding it is ectopically expressed in zebrafish embryos. On the other hand, when the MID is eliminated/mutated in DeltaD, its ability to activate Notch in trans fails but ability to inhibit in cis is retained. As a result, ectopic expression of DeltaD lacking an effective MID results in a failure of Notch-mediated lateral inhibition and a neurogenic phenotype.
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186
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Klose R, Berger C, Moll I, Adam MG, Schwarz F, Mohr K, Augustin HG, Fischer A. Soluble Notch ligand and receptor peptides act antagonistically during angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:153-63. [PMID: 25975260 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Notch signalling is essential for blood vessel formation. During angiogenesis, the Notch ligand DLL4 on the leading tip cell activates Notch receptors on the adjacent stalk cells. DLL4-Notch signalling is impaired by the Notch ligand JAG1 in endothelial cells. The Delta/Serrate/Lag2 (DSL) domain of the Notch ligands binds to the EGF-like repeats 11-13 of the Notch receptor. This study aimed to elucidate how soluble proteins containing these short domains interfere with Notch signalling during angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Adenoviral vectors were generated to express the DSL domains of DLL1, DLL4, JAG1, and the Notch1 EGF-like repeats 11-13 fused to immunoglobulin-G heavy chain. These soluble ligand peptides inhibited Notch signalling in endothelial cells and this caused hyperbranching in cellular angiogenesis assays and in the neonatal mouse retina. The soluble Notch receptor peptides bound stronger to JAG1 than DLL4 ligands, resulting in increased signalling activity. This led to impaired tip cell formation and less vessel sprouting in the retina. CONCLUSION The minimal binding domains of Notch ligands are sufficient to interfere with Notch signalling. The corresponding soluble Notch1 EGF11-13 peptide binds stronger to inhibitory Notch ligands and thereby promotes Notch signalling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Klose
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Caroline Berger
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (A190), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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187
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Park HJ, Kim SR, Kim SS, Wee HJ, Bae MK, Ryu MH, Bae SK. Visfatin promotes cell and tumor growth by upregulating Notch1 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5087-99. [PMID: 24970818 PMCID: PMC4148124 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Notch1 has been associated with breast cancer. We recently showed that visfatin stimulates breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The present study was undertaken to determine whether Notch1 signaling is affected by visfatin and to characterize the functional role of the visfatin-Notch1 axis in breast cancer. Visfatin and Notch1 were expressed at higher levels in breast tumors than in matched control tissues. Visfatin induced Notch1 expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and in nontransformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, whereas visfatin depletion reduced Notch1 mRNA and protein levels. Depletion of Notch1 in MDA-MB-231 cells attenuated cell growth in vitro and in vivo; visfatin depletion produced similar effects, but was less potent. Additionally, Notch1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation induced by visfatin. Analysis of the signaling pathways underlying visfatin-mediated Notch1 upregulation revealed that visfatin activated NF-κB p65. Blockade of NF-κB signaling suppressed the effects of visfatin on Notch1 upregulation and breast cancer cell proliferation. Breast tumors expressing high levels of NF-κB p65 exhibited increased expression of Notch1. Our results demonstrate that the visfatin-Notch1 axis contributes to breast tumor growth through the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Study of the visfatin-Notch1 axis may offer new therapeutic directions for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Su-Ryun Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Su Seong Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Wee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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188
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Mutvei AP, Fredlund E, Lendahl U. Frequency and distribution of Notch mutations in tumor cell lines. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:311. [PMID: 25907971 PMCID: PMC4430925 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated Notch signaling is linked to a variety of tumors and it is therefore important to learn more about the frequency and distribution of Notch mutations in a tumor context. METHODS In this report, we use data from the recently developed Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia to assess the frequency and distribution of Notch mutations in a large panel of cancer cell lines in silico. RESULTS Our results show that the mutation frequency of Notch receptor and ligand genes is at par with that for established oncogenes and higher than for a set of house-keeping genes. Mutations were found across all four Notch receptor genes, but with notable differences between protein domains, mutations were for example more prevalent in the regions encoding the LNR and PEST domains in the Notch intracellular domain. Furthermore, an in silico estimation of functional impact showed that deleterious mutations cluster to the ligand-binding and the intracellular domains of NOTCH1. For most cell line groups, the mutation frequency of Notch genes is higher than in associated primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed new light on the spectrum of Notch mutations after in vitro culturing of tumor cells. The higher mutation frequency in tumor cell lines indicates that Notch mutations are associated with a growth advantage in vitro, and thus may be considered to be driver mutations in a tumor cell line context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Fredlund
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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189
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Lu Y, Li Z. Notch signaling downstream target E(spl)mbeta is dispensable for adult midgut homeostasis in Drosophila. Gene 2015; 560:89-95. [PMID: 25637572 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Adult tissue homeostasis is maintained by residential stem cells through the proper balance of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The adult midgut of Drosophila contains multipotent intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and Notch signaling plays critical roles in the proliferation and differentiation of these ISCs. However, how Notch signaling downstream targets regulate ISC proliferation and differentiation still remains unclear. Here we find that Notch signaling downstream targets E(spl)mbeta and E(spl)malpha are differentially expressed in ISCs and their progeny. Interestingly, we find that midgut homeostasis is not affected in E(spl)mbeta null mutant. No obvious defects are observed in the intestines ectopically expressing E(spl)mbeta or E(spl)malpha. Importantly, we find that the defects in ISC proliferation and differentiation observed in Notch mutant cannot be rescued by ectopic expression of E(spl)mbeta or E(spl)malpha. Together, these data indicate that the proliferation and differentiation of ISCs are not regulated by individual Notch downstream target, but by different downstream targets collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Lu
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Zhouhua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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190
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Wöltje K, Jabs M, Fischer A. Serum induces transcription of Hey1 and Hey2 genes by Alk1 but not Notch signaling in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120547. [PMID: 25799559 PMCID: PMC4370690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressors Hey1 and Hey2 are primary target genes of Notch signaling in the cardiovascular system and induction of Hey gene expression is often interpreted as activation of Notch signaling. Here we report that treatment of primary human endothelial cells with serum or fresh growth medium led to a strong wave of Hey1 and Hey2 transcription lasting for approximately three hours. Transcription of other Notch target genes (Hes1, Hes5, ephrinB2, Dll4) was however not induced by serum in endothelial cells. Gamma secretase inhibition or expression of dominant-negative MAML1 did not prevent the induction of Hey genes indicating that canonical Notch signaling is dispensable. Pretreatment with soluble BMP receptor Alk1, but not Alk3, abolished Hey gene induction by serum. Consequently, the Alk1 ligand BMP9 stimulated Hey gene induction in endothelial cells. Several other cell types however did not show such a strong BMP signaling and consequently only a very mild induction of Hey genes. Taken together, the experiments revealed that bone morphogenic proteins within the serum of cell culture medium are potent inducers of endothelial Hey1 and Hey2 gene expression within the first few hours after medium change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wöltje
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Jabs
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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191
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Liu Z, Brunskill E, Boyle S, Chen S, Turkoz M, Guo Y, Grant R, Kopan R. Second-generation Notch1 activity-trap mouse line (N1IP::CreHI) provides a more comprehensive map of cells experiencing Notch1 activity. Development 2015; 142:1193-202. [PMID: 25725069 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described the creation and analysis of a Notch1 activity-trap mouse line, Notch1 intramembrane proteolysis-Cre6MT or N1IP::Cre(LO), that marked cells experiencing relatively high levels of Notch1 activation. Here, we report and characterize a second line with improved sensitivity (N1IP::Cre(HI)) to mark cells experiencing lower levels of Notch1 activation. This improvement was achieved by increasing transcript stability and by restoring the native carboxy terminus of Cre, resulting in a five- to tenfold increase in Cre activity. The magnitude of this effect probably impacts Cre activity in strains with carboxy-terminal Ert2 fusion. These two trap lines and the related line N1IP::Cre(ERT2) form a complementary mapping tool kit to identify changes in Notch1 activation patterns in vivo as the consequence of genetic or pharmaceutical intervention, and illustrate the variation in Notch1 signal strength from one tissue to the next and across developmental time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Liu
- SAGE Labs, St Louis, MO 63146, USA Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric Brunskill
- Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Scott Boyle
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mustafa Turkoz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rachel Grant
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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192
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Jang J, Byun SH, Han D, Lee J, Kim J, Lee N, Kim I, Park S, Ha S, Kwon M, Ahn J, Chung WJ, Kweon DH, Cho JY, Kim S, Yoon K. Notch Intracellular Domain Deficiency in Nuclear Localization Activity Retains the Ability to Enhance Neural Stem Cell Character and Block Neurogenesis in Mammalian Brain Development. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2841-50. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Byun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dasol Han
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Junsub Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juwan Kim
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nayeon Lee
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Inhee Kim
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soojeong Park
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soobong Ha
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mookwang Kwon
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jyhyun Ahn
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Chung
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keejung Yoon
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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193
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Aburawi EH, Aburawi HE, Bagnall KM, Bhuiyan ZA. Molecular insight into heart development and congenital heart disease: An update review from the Arab countries. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 25:291-301. [PMID: 25541328 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defect (CHD) has a major influence on affected individuals as well as on the supportive and associated environment such as the immediate family. Unfortunately, CHD is common worldwide with an incidence of approximately 1% and consequently is a major health concern. The Arab population has a high rate of consanguinity, fertility, birth, and annual population growth, in addition to a high incidence of diabetes mellitus and obesity. All these factors may lead to a higher incidence and prevalence of CHD within the Arab population than in the rest of the world, making CHD of even greater concern. Sadly, most Arab countries lack appropriate public health measures directed toward the control and prevention of congenital malformations and so the importance of CHD within the population remains unknown but is thought to be high. In approximately 85% of CHD patients, the multifactorial theory is considered as the pathologic basis. The genetic risk factors for CHD can be attributed to large chromosomal aberrations, copy number variations (CNV) of particular regions in the chromosome, and gene mutations in specific nuclear transcription pathways and in the genes that are involved in cardiac structure and development. The application of modern molecular biology techniques such as high-throughput nucleotide sequencing and chromosomal array and methylation array all have the potential to reveal more genetic defects linked to CHD. Exploring the genetic defects in CHD pathology will improve our knowledge and understanding about the diverse pathways involved and also about the progression of this disease. Ultimately, this will link to more efficient genetic diagnosis and development of novel preventive therapeutic strategies, as well as gene-targeted clinical management. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular basis of normal heart development and the pathophysiology of a wide range of CHD. The risk factors that might account for the high prevalence of CHD within the Arab population and the measures required to be undertaken for conducting research into CHD in Arab countries will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhadi H Aburawi
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Hanan E Aburawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Keith M Bagnall
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Zahurul A Bhuiyan
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Moléculaire, Service de Génétique Médicale, BH19_512, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland.
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194
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Rostama B, Peterson SM, Vary CPH, Liaw L. Notch signal integration in the vasculature during remodeling. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:97-104. [PMID: 25464152 PMCID: PMC4304902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays many important roles in homeostasis and remodeling in the vessel wall, and serves a critical role in the communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Within blood vessels, Notch signaling integrates with multiple pathways by mechanisms including direct protein–protein interaction, cooperative or synergistic regulation of signal cascades, and co-regulation of transcriptional targets. After establishment of the mature blood vessel, the spectrum and intensity of Notch signaling change during phases of active remodeling or disease progression. These changes can be mediated by regulation via microRNAs and protein stability or signaling, and corresponding changes in complementary signaling pathways. Notch also affects endothelial cells on a system level by regulating key metabolic components. This review will outline the most recent findings of Notch activity in blood vessels, with a focus on how Notch signals integrate with other molecular signaling pathways controlling vascular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Rostama
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, USA
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195
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Friedman SL, Quigley EMM, Sharkey KA, Sung JJY, Whitcomb DC. The past 10 years of gastroenterology and hepatology-reflections and predictions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 11:692-700. [PMID: 25291429 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In November 2004, the very first issue of this journal featured articles on the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, mechanisms leading to chronic pancreatitis, and treatment of recurrent Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea. Although those topics might seem familiar, much has changed in the intervening years in our understanding, diagnosis and treatment of many different diseases across the field of gastroenterology and hepatology. Nonetheless, many challenges remain. Here, we have asked five of our Advisory Board members-international experts across different subspecialties in gastroenterology and hepatology-to reflect on the progress and frustrations of the past 10 years. They also comment on where effort and money should be invested now, as well as their predictions for progress in the next 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Disease, Box 1123, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-70C, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin Street, SM 1001, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- University Administration Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Room 101, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology &Molecular Physiology and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Room 401.4, 3708 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15231, USA
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196
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Evans AG, Calvi LM. Notch signaling in the malignant bone marrow microenvironment: implications for a niche-based model of oncogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1335:63-77. [PMID: 25351294 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fueled by the growing interest in stem cell biology and the promise of regenerative medicine, study of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) microenvironment has provided critical insights into normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Notch receptor signaling in this microenvironment is a critical regulator of HSC fate and differentiation. Notch signaling also has the potential to modulate the growth of various malignant cell types, as evidenced by the growing list of hematologic cancers and other malignancies associated with either mutations in Notch genes or alterations in Notch signaling. In both health and disease, activation of Notch signaling predominantly exerts influence through stromal cell interactions with the tumor or stem cell microenvironments. Definitive evidence from transgenic mouse models has shown that alterations in stromal cell signaling from the bone marrow niche can induce malignant outgrowth of preleukemic clones and leukemia. Understanding how Notch receptor signals in the bone marrow microenvironment govern stem cell behavior will advance our understanding of cancer pathogenesis in hematologic malignancies and may have implications for treating metastatic solid tumors involving bone. These microenvironmental interactions are potential therapeutic targets for treating and preventing a variety of diseases, including bone marrow failure disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes, leukemia, and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Evans
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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197
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Maragh S, Miller RA, Bessling SL, Wang G, Hook PW, McCallion AS. Rbm24a and Rbm24b are required for normal somitogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105460. [PMID: 25170925 PMCID: PMC4149414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the gene encoding the RNA binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) is expressed during mouse cardiogenesis, and determined the developmental requirement for its zebrafish homologs Rbm24a and Rbm24b during cardiac development. We demonstrate here that both Rbm24a and Rbm24b are also required for normal somite and craniofacial development. Diminution of rbm24a or rbm24b gene products by morpholino knockdown resulted in significant disruption of somite formation. Detailed in situ hybridization-based analyses of a spectrum of somitogenesis-associated transcripts revealed reduced expression of the cyclic muscle pattering genes dlc and dld encoding Notch ligands, as well as their respective target genes her7, her1. By contrast expression of the Notch receptors notch1a and notch3 appears unchanged. Some RBM-family members have been implicated in pre-mRNA processing. Analysis of affected Notch-pathway mRNAs in rbm24a and rbm24b morpholino-injected embryos revealed aberrant transcript fragments of dlc and dld, but not her1 or her7, suggesting the reduction in transcription levels of Notch pathway components may result from aberrant processing of its ligands. These data imply a previously unknown requirement for Rbm24a and Rbm24b in somite and craniofacial development. Although we anticipate the influence of disrupting RBM24 homologs likely extends beyond the Notch pathway, our results suggest their perturbation may directly, or indirectly, compromise post-transcriptional processing, exemplified by imprecise processing of dlc and dld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Maragh
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ronald A. Miller
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seneca L. Bessling
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guangliang Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul W. Hook
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. McCallion
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Moccia M, Mosca L, Erro R, Cervasio M, Allocca R, Vitale C, Leonardi A, Caranci F, Del Basso-De Caro ML, Barone P, Penco S. Hypomorphic NOTCH3 mutation in an Italian family with CADASIL features. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:547.e5-11. [PMID: 25260852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is because of NOTCH3 mutations affecting the number of cysteine residues. In this view, the role of atypical NOTCH3 mutations is still debated. Therefore, we investigated a family carrying a NOTCH3 nonsense mutation, with dominantly inherited recurrent cerebrovascular disorders. Among 7 family members, 4 received a clinical diagnosis of CADASIL. A heterozygous truncating mutation in exon 3 (c.307C>T, p.Arg103X) was found in the 4 clinically affected subjects and in one 27-year old lady, only complaining of migraine with aura. Magnetic resonance imaging scans found typical signs of small-vessel disease in the 4 affected subjects, supporting the clinical diagnosis. Skin biopsies did not show the typical granular osmiophilic material, but only nonspecific signs of vascular damage, resembling those previously described in Notch3 knockout mice. Interestingly, messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis supports the hypothesis of an atypical NOTCH3 mutation, suggesting a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. In conclusion, the present study broadens the spectrum of CADASIL mutations, and, therefore, opens new insights about Notch3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorena Mosca
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca'Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mariarosaria Cervasio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Anatomopathology Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Allocca
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Vitale
- Department of Motor Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope," Naples, Italy; Istituto di Diagnosi e Cura (IDC) Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Department of Molecular and Biotechnological Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Caranci
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Neuroradiology Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Silvana Penco
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca'Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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199
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Functional sequence variants within the SIRT1 gene promoter in indirect inguinal hernia. Gene 2014; 546:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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200
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Burghardt S, Claass B, Erhardt A, Karimi K, Tiegs G. Hepatocytes induce Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells by Notch signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:571-7. [PMID: 24970859 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ab0613-342rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a pivotal role in maintaining immunological tolerance, although the exact molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. The induction of systemic tolerance by liver resident APCs has been attributed to peripheral deletion and to the induction of Tregs. HCs, the parenchymal cells in the liver, could function as nonprofessional APCs and interact and establish cell-cell contact with T lymphocytes. We hypothesized that HCs from healthy or regenerated livers may contribute to induction of functional Tregs. Here, we show that murine HCs induced Foxp3(+) Tregs within CD4(+) T cells in vitro, which increased in the presence of TGF-β. Interestingly, a further Foxp3(+) Treg expansion was observed if HCs were isolated from regenerated livers. Additionally, the induction of Foxp3(+) Tregs was associated with the Notch signaling pathway, as the ability of HCs to enhance Foxp3 was abolished by γ-secretase inhibition. Furthermore, HC-iTregs showed ability to suppress the proliferative response of CD4(+) T cells to anti-CD3 stimulation in vitro. Thus, HCs may play a pivotal role in the induction of tolerance via Notch-mediated conversion of CD4(+) T cells into Foxp3(+) Tregs upon TCR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Burghardt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Claass
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Erhardt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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